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<title>bioRxiv Channel: Washington University in St. Louis</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org</link>
<description>
This feed contains articles for bioRxiv Channel "Washington University in St. Louis"
</description>

<items>
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<prism:publicationName>bioRxiv</prism:publicationName>
<prism:issn/>

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<title>bioRxiv</title>
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<link>https://biorxiv.org</link>
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<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/115600v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Psychiatric Genomics: An Update and an Agenda 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/115600v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) is the largest consortium in the history of psychiatry. In the past decade, this global effort has delivered a rapidly increasing flow of new knowledge about the fundamental basis of common psychiatric disorders, particularly given its dedication to rapid progress and open science. The PGC has recently commenced a program of research designed to deliver "actionable" findings - genomic results that (a) reveal the fundamental biology, (b) inform clinical practice, and (c) deliver new therapeutic targets. This is the central idea of the PGC: to convert the family history risk factor into biologically, clinically, and therapeutically meaningful insights. The emerging findings suggest that we are entering into a phase of accelerated translation of genetic discoveries to impact psychiatric practice within a precision medicine framework.nnCollaboratorsPGC Coordinating Committee: Mark Daly, Michael Gill, John Kelsoe, Karestan Koenen, Douglas Levinson, Cathryn Lewis, Ben Neale, Danielle Posthuma, Jonathan Sebat, and Pamela Sklar.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sullivan, P. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agrawal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bulik, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borglum, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cichon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edenberg, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faraone, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gelernter, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathews, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nievergelt, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smoller, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Donovan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Psychiatric Genomics Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/115600</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Psychiatric Genomics: An Update and an Agenda]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.26.457815v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Kif9 is an active kinesin motor required for ciliary beating and proximodistal patterning of motile axonemes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.26.457815v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most motile cilia have a stereotyped structure of nine microtubule outer doublets and a single central pair of microtubules. The central pair microtubules are surrounded by a set of proteins, termed the central pair apparatus. A specific kinesin, Klp1 projects from the central pair and contributes to ciliary motility in Chlamydomonas. The vertebrate orthologue, Kif9 is required for beating in mouse sperm flagella, but the mechanism of Kif9/Klp1 function remains poorly defined. Here, using Xenopus epidermal multiciliated cells, we show that Kif9 is necessary for ciliary motility as well as leads to defects in the distal localization of not only central pair proteins, but also radial spokes and dynein arms. In addition, single-molecule assays in vitro revealed that Xenopus Kif9 is a processive motor, though like axonemal dyneins it displays no processivity in ciliary axonemes in vivo. Thus, our data suggest that Kif9 plays both indirect and direct role in ciliary motility.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>konjikusic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>wallingford, j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>gray, r.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>verhey, k.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>yang, y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>prakash, v.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>horani, a.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>brody, s.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>nguimtsop, m.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>lee, c.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shrestha, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.26.457815</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Kif9 is an active kinesin motor required for ciliary beating and proximodistal patterning of motile axonemes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.05.463238v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multimerization and tubulin binding are required for the SPIRAL2 protein to localize to and stabilize microtubule minus ends 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.05.463238v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accruing evidence points to the control of microtubule minus-end dynamics as being crucial for the spatial arrangement and function of the microtubule cytoskeleton. In plants, the SPIRAL2 (SPR2) protein has emerged as a microtubule minus-end regulator that is structurally distinct from the animal minus-end regulators. Previously, SPR2 was shown to autonomously localize to microtubule minus ends and decrease their depolymerization rate. Here, we used in vitro and in planta experiments to identify the structural determinants required for SPR2 to recognize and stabilize microtubule minus ends. We show that SPR2 contains a single N-terminal TOG domain that binds to soluble tubulin. The TOG domain, a basic region, and coiled-coil domain are necessary and sufficient to target and stabilize microtubule minus ends. We demonstrate that the coiled-coil domain mediates multimerization of SPR2 that provides avidity for microtubule binding and is essential for binding to soluble tubulin. While TOG domain-containing proteins are traditionally thought to function as microtubule plus-end regulators, our results reveal that nature has repurposed the TOG domain of SPR2 to regulate microtubule minus ends.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>FAN, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bilkey, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixit, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.05.463238</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multimerization and tubulin binding are required for the SPIRAL2 protein to localize to and stabilize microtubule minus ends]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/383844v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lipid associated polygenic enrichment in Alzheimer’s disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/383844v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cardiovascular (CV) and lifestyle associated risk factors (RFs) are increasingly recognized as important for Alzheimers disease (AD) pathogenesis. Beyond the [isin]4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE), comparatively little is known about whether CV associated genes also increase risk for AD (genetic pleiotropy). Using large genome-wide association studies (GWASs) (total n > 500,000 cases and controls) and validated tools to quantify genetic pleiotropy, we systematically identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) jointly associated with AD and one or more CV RFs, namely body mass index (BMI), type 2 diabetes (T2D), coronary artery disease (CAD), waist hip ratio (WHR), total cholesterol (TC), low-density (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). In fold enrichment plots, we observed robust genetic enrichment in AD as a function of plasma lipids (TC, LDL, and HDL); we found minimal AD genetic enrichment conditional on BMI, T2D, CAD, and WHR. Beyond APOE, at conjunction FDR < 0.05 we identified 57 SNPs on 19 different chromosomes that were jointly associated with AD and CV outcomes including APOA4, ABCA1, ABCG5, LIPG, and MTCH2/SPI1. We found that common genetic variants influencing AD are associated with multiple CV RFs, at times with a different directionality of effect. Expression of these AD/CV pleiotropic genes was enriched for lipid metabolism processes, over-represented within astrocytes and vascular structures, highly co-expressed, and differentially altered within AD brains. Beyond APOE, we show that the polygenic component of AD is enriched for lipid associated RFs. Rather than a single causal link between genetic loci, RF and the outcome, we found that common genetic variants influencing AD are associated with multiple CV RFs. Our collective findings suggest that a network of genes involved in lipid biology also influence Alzheimers risk.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Broce, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Witoelar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jansen, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hess, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dillon, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glastonbury, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glymour, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yokoyama, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elahi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rabinovici, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mormino, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sperling, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McEvoy, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brewer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feldman, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Posthuma, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schellenberg, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yaffe, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugrue, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karch, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desikan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/383844</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lipid associated polygenic enrichment in Alzheimer’s disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/760389v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FRA1 modulates cortical microtubule localization of CMU proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/760389v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Construction of the cell wall demands harmonized deposition of cellulose and matrix polysaccharides. Cortical microtubules orient the deposition of cellulose by guiding the trajectory of plasma membrane-embedded cellulose synthase complexes. Vesicles containing matrix polysaccharides are thought to be transported by the FRA1 kinesin to facilitate their secretion along cortical microtubules. The cortical microtubule cytoskeleton thus provides a platform to coordinate the delivery of cellulose and matrix polysaccharides, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we show that the tail region of the FRA1 kinesin physically interacts with CMU proteins which are important for the microtubule-dependent guidance of cellulose synthase complexes. Interaction with CMUs did not affect microtubule binding or motility of the FRA1 kinesin but had an opposing effect on the cortical microtubule localization of CMU1 and CMU2 proteins, thus regulating the lateral stability of cortical microtubules. Phosphorylation of the FRA1 tail region by CKL6 inhibited binding to CMUs and consequently reversed the extent of cortical microtubule decoration by CMU1 and CMU2. Genetic experiments demonstrated the significance of this interaction to the growth and reproduction of Arabidopsis thaliana plants. We propose that modulation of CMUs microtubule localization by FRA1 provides a mechanism to control the coordinated deposition of cellulose and matrix polysaccharides.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ganguly, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixit, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/760389</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FRA1 modulates cortical microtubule localization of CMU proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/008961v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intrinsic cortical dynamics dominate population responses to natural images across human visual cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/008961v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intrinsic cortical dynamics are thought to underlie trial-to-trial variability of visually evoked responses in animal models. Understanding their function in the context of sensory processing and representation is a major current challenge. Here we report that intrinsic cortical dynamics strongly affect the representational geometry of a brain region, as reflected in response-pattern dissimilarities, and exaggerate the similarity of representations between brain regions. We characterized the representations in several human visual areas by representational dissimilarity matrices (RDMs) constructed from fMRI response-patterns for natural image stimuli. The RDMs of different visual areas were highly similar when the response-patterns were estimated on the basis of the same trials (sharing intrinsic cortical dynamics), and quite distinct when patterns were estimated on the basis of separate trials (sharing only the stimulus-driven component). We show that the greater similarity of the representational geometries can be explained by the coherent fluctuations of regional-mean activation within visual cortex, reflecting intrinsic dynamics. Using separate trials to study stimulus-driven representations revealed clearer distinctions between the representational geometries: a Gabor wavelet pyramid model explained representational geometry in visual areas V1-3 and a categorical animate- inanimate model in the object-responsive lateral occipital cortex.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Linda Henriksson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seyed-Mahdi Khaligh-Razavi</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kendrick Kay</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nikolaus Kriegeskorte</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2014-09-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/008961</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intrinsic cortical dynamics dominate population responses to natural images across human visual cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2014-09-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/009936v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fixed versus mixed RSA: Explaining visual representations by fixed and mixed feature sets from shallow and deep computational models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/009936v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Studies of the primate visual system have begun to test a wide range of complex computational object-vision models. Realistic models have many parameters, which in practice cannot be fitted using the limited amounts of brain-activity data typically available. Task performance optimization (e.g. using backpropagation to train neural networks) provides major constraints for fitting parameters and discovering nonlinear representational features appropriate for the task (e.g. object classification). Model representations can be compared to brain representations in terms of the representational dissimilarities they predict for an image set. This method, called representational similarity analysis (RSA), enables us to test the representational feature space as is (fixed RSA) or to fit a linear transformation that mixes the nonlinear model features so as to best explain a cortical areas representational space (mixed RSA). Like voxel/population-receptive-field modelling, mixed RSA uses a training set (different stimuli) to fit one weight per model feature and response channel (voxels here), so as to best predict the response profile across images for each response channel. We analysed response patterns elicited by natural images, which were measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We found that early visual areas were best accounted for by shallow models, such as a Gabor wavelet pyramid (GWP). The GWP model performed similarly with and without mixing, suggesting that the original features already approximated the representational space, obviating the need for mixing. However, a higher ventral-stream visual representation (lateral occipital region) was best explained by the higher layers of a deep convolutional network, and mixing of its feature set was essential for this model to explain the representation. We suspect that mixing was essential because the convolutional network had been trained to discriminate a set of 1000 categories, whose frequencies in the training set did not match their frequencies in natural experience or their behavioural importance. The latter factors might determine the representational prominence of semantic dimensions in higher-level ventral-stream areas. Our results demonstrate the benefits of testing both the specific representational hypothesis expressed by a models original feature space and the hypothesis space generated by linear transformations of that feature space.nnHighlightsO_LIWe tested computational models of representations in ventral-stream visual areas.nC_LIO_LIWe compared representational dissimilarities with/without linear remixing of model features.nC_LIO_LIEarly visual areas were best explained by shallow - and higher by deep - models.nC_LIO_LIUnsupervised shallow models performed better without linear remixing of their features.nC_LIO_LIA supervised deep convolutional net performed best with linear feature remixing.nC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Seyed-Mahdi Khaligh-Razavi</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Linda Henriksson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kendrick Kay</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nikolaus Kriegeskorte</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2014-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/009936</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fixed versus mixed RSA: Explaining visual representations by fixed and mixed feature sets from shallow and deep computational models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2014-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/012179v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SpeedSeq: Ultra-fast personal genome analysis and interpretation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/012179v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Comprehensive interpretation of human genome sequencing data is a challenging bioinformatic problem that typically requires weeks of analysis, with extensive hands-on expert involvement. This informatics bottleneck inflates genome sequencing costs, poses a computational burden for large-scale projects, and impedes the adoption of time-critical clinical applications such as personalized cancer profiling and newborn disease diagnosis, where the actionable timeframe can measure in hours or days. We developed SpeedSeq, an open-source genome analysis platform that vastly reduces computing time. SpeedSeq accomplishes read alignment, duplicate removal, variant detection and functional annotation of a 50X human genome in <24 hours, even using one low-cost server. SpeedSeq offers competitive or superior performance to current methods for detecting germline and somatic single nucleotide variants (SNVs), indels, and structural variants (SVs) and includes novel functionality for SV genotyping, SV annotation, fusion gene detection, and rapid identification of actionable mutations. SpeedSeq will help bring timely genome analysis into the clinical realm.nnAvailability: SpeedSeq is available at https://github.com/cc2qe/speedseq.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Colby Chiang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryan M Layer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gregory G Faust</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael R Lindberg</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David B Rose</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erik P Garrison</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabor T Marth</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aaron R Quinlan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ira M Hall</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2014-12-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/012179</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SpeedSeq: Ultra-fast personal genome analysis and interpretation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2014-12-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/013854v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Model based normalization improves differential expression calling in low-depth RNA-seq 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/013854v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNA-seq is a powerful tool for gene expression profiling and differential expression analysis. Its power depends on sequencing depth which limits its high-throughput potential, with 10-15 million reads considered as optimal balance between quality of differential expression calling and cost per sample. We observed, however, that some statistical features of the data, e.g. gene count distribution, are preserved well below 10-15M reads, and found that they improve differential expression analysis at low sequencing depths when distribution statistics is estimated by pooling individual samples to a combined higher-depth library. Using a novel gene-by-gene scaling technique, based on the fact that gene counts obey Pareto-like distribution1, we re-normalize samples towards bigger sequencing depth and show that this leads to significant improvement in differential expression calling, with only a marginal increase in false positive calls. This makes differential expression calling from 3-4M reads comparable to 10-15M reads, improving high-throughput of RNA-sequencing 3-4 fold.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pavel Zakharov</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexey Sergushichev</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexander Predeus</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maxim Artyomov</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/013854</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Model based normalization improves differential expression calling in low-depth RNA-seq]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/017921v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rapid quantitative pharmacodynamic imaging with Bayesian estimation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/017921v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We recently described rapid quantitative pharmacodynamic imaging, a novel method for estimating sensitivity of a biological system to a drug. We tested its accuracy in simulated biological signals with varying receptor sensitivity and varying levels of random noise, and presented initial proof-of-concept data from functional MRI (fMRI) studies in primate brain. However, the initial simulation testing used a simple iterative approach to estimate pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) parameters, an approach that was computationally efficient but returned parameters only from a small, discrete set of values chosen a priori.nnHere we revisit the simulation testing using a Bayesian method to estimate the PKPD parameters. This improved accuracy compared to our previous method, and noise without intentional signal was never interpreted as signal. We also reanalyze the fMRI proof-of-concept data. The success with the simulated data, and with the limited fMRI data, is a necessary first step toward further testing of rapid quantitative pharmacodynamic imaging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jonathan M Koller</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>M. Jonathan Vachon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>G. Larry Bretthorst</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kevin J Black</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-04-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/017921</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rapid quantitative pharmacodynamic imaging with Bayesian estimation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-04-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/021824v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The anatomical distribution of genetic associations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/021824v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Deeper understanding of the anatomical intermediaries for disease and other complex genetic traits is essential to understanding mechanisms and developing new interventions. Existing ontology tools provide functional annotations for many genes in the genome and they are widely used to develop mechanistic hypotheses based on genetic and transcriptomic data. Yet, information about where a set of genes is expressed may be equally useful in interpreting results and forming novel mechanistic hypotheses for a trait. Therefore, we developed a framework for statistically testing the relationship between gene expression across the body and sets of candidate genes from across the genome. We validated this tool and tested its utility on three applications. First, using thousands of loci identified by GWA studies, our framework identifies the number of disease-associated genes that have enriched expression in the disease-affected tissue. Second, we experimentally confirmed an underappreciated prediction highlighted by our tool: variation in skin expressed genes are a major quantitative genetic modulator of white blood cell count - a trait considered to be a feature of the immune system. Finally, using gene lists derived from sequencing data, we show that human genes under constrained selective pressure are disproportionately expressed in nervous system tissues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alan B Wells</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nathan Kopp</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiaoxiao Xu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David R O'Brien</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei Yang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arye Nehorai</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tracy L. Adair-Kirk</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raphael Kopan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joseph D Dougherty</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-07-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/021824</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The anatomical distribution of genetic associations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-07-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/023002v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sulfur Isotope Effects of Dissimilatory Sulfite Reductase 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/023002v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The precise interpretation of environmental sulfur isotope records requires a quantitative understanding of the biochemical controls on sulfur isotope fractionation by the principle isotope-fractionating process within the S cycle, microbial sulfate reduction (MSR). Here we provide the only direct observation of the major (34S/32S) and minor (33S/32S, 36S/32S) sulfur isotope fractionations imparted by a central enzyme in the energy metabolism of sulfate reducers, dissimilatory sulfite reductase (DsrAB). Results from in vitro sulfite reduction experiments allow us to calculate the in vitro DsrAB isotope effect in 34S/32S (hereafter, 34{varepsilon}DsrAB) to be 15.3{+/-}2{per thousand}, 2{sigma}.The accompanying minor isotope effect in 33S, described as 33{lambda}DsrAB, is calculated to be 0.5150{+/-}0.0012, 2{sigma}. These observations facilitate a rigorous evaluation of the isotopic fractionation associated with the dissimilatory MSR pathway, as well as of the environmental variables that govern the overall magnitude of fractionation by natural communities of sulfate reducers. The isotope effect induced by DsrAB upon sulfite reduction is a factor of 0.3 to 0.6 times prior indirect estimates, which have ranged from 25 to 53{per thousand} in 34{varepsilon}DsrAB. The minor isotope fractionation observed from DsrAB is consistent with a kinetic or equilibrium effect. Our in vitro constraints on the magnitude of 34{varepsilon}DsrAB is similar to the median value of experimental observations compiled from all known published work, where 34{varepsilon}r-p = 16.1{per thousand} (r - p indicates reactant versus product, n = 648). This value closely matches those of MSR operating at high sulfate reduction rates in both laboratory chemostat experiments (34{varepsilon}SO4-H2S = 17.3{+/-}1.5{per thousand}) and in modern marine sediments (34{varepsilon}SO4-H2S = 17.3{+/-}3.8{per thousand}). Targeting the direct isotopic consequences of a specific enzymatic processes is a fundamental step toward a biochemical foundation for reinterpreting the biogeochemical and geobiological sulfur isotope records in modern and ancient environments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>William D. Leavitt</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexander S. Bradley</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>André A. Santos</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Inês A.C. Pereira</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David T. Johnston</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/023002</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sulfur Isotope Effects of Dissimilatory Sulfite Reductase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/026427v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Divergent MLS1 promoters lie on a fitness plateau for gene expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/026427v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Qualitative patterns of gene activation and repression are often conserved despite an abundance of quantitative variation in expression levels within and between species. A major challenge to interpreting patterns of expression divergence is knowing which changes in gene expression affect fitness. To characterize the fitness effects of gene expression divergence we placed orthologous promoters from eight yeast species upstream of malate synthase (MLS1) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. As expected, we found these promoters varied in their expression level under activated and repressed conditions as well as in their dynamic response following loss of glucose repression. Despite these differences, only a single promoter driving near basal levels of expression caused a detectable loss of fitness. We conclude that the MLS1 promoter lies on a fitness plateau whereby even large changes in gene expression can be tolerated without a substantial loss of fitness.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Andrew C Bergen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerilyn M Olsen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Justin C Fay</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/026427</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Divergent MLS1 promoters lie on a fitness plateau for gene expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/030957v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Climate and developmental plasticity: interannual variability in grapevine leaf morphology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/030957v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The shape of leaves are dynamic, changing over evolutionary time between species, within a single plant producing different shaped leaves at successive nodes, during the development of a single leaf as it allometrically expands, and in response to the environment. Notably, strong correlations between the dissection and size of leaves with temperature and precipitation exist in both the paleorecord and extant populations. Yet, a morphometric model integrating evolutionary, developmental, and environmental effects on leaf shape is lacking. Here, we continue a morphometric analysis of >5,500 leaves representing 270 grapevines of multiple Vitis species between two growing seasons. Leaves are paired one-to-one, vine-to-vine accounting for developmental context, between growing seasons. Linear Discriminant Analysis reveals shape features that specifically define growing season, regardless of species or developmental context. The shape feature, a more pronounced distal sinus, is associated with the colder, drier growing season, consistent with patterns observed in the paleorecord. We discuss the implications of such plasticity in a long-lived woody perennial, such as grapevine, with respect to the evolution and functionality of plant morphology and changes in climate.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Daniel H Chitwood</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Susan M Rundell</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darren Y Li</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quaneisha L Woodford</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tommy T Yu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jose R Lopez</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danny Greenblatt</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Julie Kang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jason P Londo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/030957</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Climate and developmental plasticity: interannual variability in grapevine leaf morphology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/031724v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Estimating error models for whole genome sequencing using mixtures of Dirichlet-multinomial distributions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/031724v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationAccurate identification of genotypes is critical in identifying de novo mutations, linking mutations with disease, and determining mutation rates. Because de novo mutations are rare, even low levels of genotyping error can cause a large fraction of false positive de novo mutations. Biological and technical processes that adversely affect genotyping include copy-number-variation, paralogous sequences, library preparation, sequencing error, and reference-mapping biases, among others.nnResultsWe modeled the read depth for all data as a mixture of Dirichlet-multinomial distributions, resulting in significant improvements over previously used models. In most cases the best model was comprised of two distributions. The major-component distribution is similar to a binomial distribution with low error and low reference bias. The minor-component distribution is overdispersed with higher error and reference bias. We also found that sites fitting the minor component are enriched for copy number variants and low complexity region. We expect that this approach to modeling the distribution of NGS data, will lead to improved genotyping. For example, this approach provides an expected distribution of reads that can be incorporated into a model to estimate de novo mutations using reads across a pedigree.nnAvailabilityMethods and data files are available at https://github.com/CartwrightLab/WuEtAl2016/.nnContactcartwright@asu.edu
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Steven H Wu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rachel S Schwartz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David J Winter</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Don Conrad</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reed A Cartwright</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-11-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/031724</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Estimating error models for whole genome sequencing using mixtures of Dirichlet-multinomial distributions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-11-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/034157v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Changes in the relative abundance of two Saccharomyces species from oak forests to wine fermentations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/034157v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its sibling species S. paradoxus are known to inhabit temperate arboreal habitats across the globe. Despite their sympatric distribution in the wild, S. cerevisiae is predominantly associated with human fermentations. The apparent ecological differentiation of these species is particularly striking in Europe where S. paradoxus is abundant in forests and S. cerevisiae is abundant in vineyards. However, ecological differences may be confounded with geographic differences in species abundance. To compare the distribution and abundance of these two species we isolated Saccharomyces strains from over 1,200 samples taken from vineyard and forest habitats in Slovenia. We isolated numerous strains of S. cerevisiae and S. paradoxus as well as small number of S. kudriavzevii strains from both vineyard and forest environments. We find S. cerevisiae less abundant than S. paradoxus on oak trees within and outside the vineyard, but more abundant on grapevines and associated substrates. Analysis of the uncultured microbiome shows that both S. cerevisiae and S. paradoxus are rare species in soil and bark samples, but can be much more common in grape must. In contrast to S. paradoxus, European strains of S. cerevisiae have acquired multiple traits thought to be important for life in the vineyard and dominance of wine fermentations. We conclude that S. cerevisiae and S. paradoxus currently share both vineyard and non-vineyard habitats in Slovenia and we discuss factors relevant to their global distribution and relative abundance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sofia Dashko</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ping Liu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helena Volk</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorena Butinar</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jure Piskur</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Justin C. Fay</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-12-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/034157</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Changes in the relative abundance of two Saccharomyces species from oak forests to wine fermentations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-12-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/039792v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transhydrogenase and growth substrate influence lipid hydrogen isotope ratios in Desulfovibrio alaskensis G20 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/039792v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbial fatty acids preserve metabolic and environmental information in their hydrogen isotope ratios (2H/1H). This ratio is influenced by parameters that include the 2H/1H of water in the microbial growth environment, and biosynthetic fractionations between water and lipid. In some microbes, this biosynthetic fractionation has been shown to vary systematically with central energy metabolism, and controls on fatty acid 2H/1H may be linked to the intracellular production of NADPH. We examined the apparent fractionation between media water and the fatty acids produced by Desulfovibrio alaskensis G20. Growth was in batch culture with malate as an electron donor for sulfate respiration, and with pyruvate and fumarate as substrates for fermentation and for sulfate respiration. A larger fractionation was observed as a consequence of respiratory or fermentative growth on pyruvate than growth on fumarate or malate. This difference correlates with opposite apparent flows of electrons through the electron bifurcating/confurcating transhydrogenase NfnAB. When grown on malate or fumarate, mutant strains of D. alaskensis G20 containing transposon disruptions in a copy of nfnAB show different fractionations than the wild type strain. This phenotype is muted during fermentative growth on pyruvate, and it is absent when pyruvate is a substrate for sulfate reduction. All strains and conditions produced similar fatty acid profiles, and the 2H/1H of individual lipids changed in concert with the mass-weighted average. Unsaturated fatty acids were generally depleted in 2H relative to their saturated homologues, and anteiso-branched fatty acids were generally depleted in 2H relative to straight-chain fatty acids. Fractionation correlated with growth rate, a pattern that has also been observed in the fractionation of sulfur isotopes during dissimilatory sulfate reduction by sulfate reducing bacteria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>William D. Leavitt</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Theodore M Flynn</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melanie K Suess</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexander S Bradley</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-02-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/039792</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transhydrogenase and growth substrate influence lipid hydrogen isotope ratios in Desulfovibrio alaskensis G20]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-02-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/043430v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Computational Pan-Genomics: Status, Promises and Challenges 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/043430v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many disciplines, from human genetics and oncology to plant breeding, microbiology and virology, commonly face the challenge of analyzing rapidly increasing numbers of genomes. In case of Homo sapiens, the number of sequenced genomes will approach hundreds of thousands in the next few years. Simply scaling up established bioinformatics pipelines will not be sufficient for leveraging the full potential of such rich genomic datasets. Instead, novel, qualitatively different computational methods and paradigms are needed. We will witness the rapid extension of computational pan-genomics, a new sub-area of research in computational biology. In this paper, we generalize existing definitions and understand a pan-genome as any collection of genomic sequences to be analyzed jointly or to be used as a reference. We examine already available approaches to construct and use pan-genomes, discuss the potential benefits of future technologies and methodologies, and review open challenges from the vantage point of the above-mentioned biological disciplines. As a prominent example for a computational paradigm shift, we particularly highlight the transition from the representation of reference genomes as strings to representations as graphs. We outline how this and other challenges from different application domains translate into common computational problems, point out relevant bioinformatics techniques and identify open problems in computer science. With this review, we aim to increase awareness that a joint approach to computational pan-genomics can help address many of the problems currently faced in various domains.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tobias Marschall</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manja Marz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas Abeel</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Louis Dijkstra</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bas E Dutilh</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ali Ghaffaari</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul Kersey</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wigard Kloosterman</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veli Makinen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adam Novak</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benedict Paten</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David Porubsky</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eric RIVALS</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Can Alkan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jasmijn Baaijens</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul I. W. de Bakker</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valentina Boeva</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raoul J.P. Bonnal</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Francesca Chiaromonte</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rayan Chikhi</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Francesca D. Ciccarelli</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robin Cijvat</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erwin Datema</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cornelia M. Van Duijn</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evan E. Eichler</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corinna Ernst</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eleazar Eskin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erik Garrison</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohammed El-Kebir</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunnar W. Klau</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jan O Korbel</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eric-Wubbo Lameijer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben Langmead</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcel Martin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul Medvedev</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>John C. Mu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pieter Neerincx</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klaasjan Ouwens</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pierre Peterlongo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pisan</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/043430</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Computational Pan-Genomics: Status, Promises and Challenges]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/048173v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Interaction of Genotype and Environment Determines Variation in the Maize Kernel Ionome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/048173v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plants obtain soil-resident elements that support growth and metabolism via water-mediated flow facilitated by transpiration and active transport processes. The availability of elements in the environment interact with the genetic capacity of organisms to modulate element uptake through plastic adaptive responses, such as homeostasis. These interactions should cause the elemental contents of plants to vary such that the effects of genetic polymorphisms influencing elemental accumulation will be dramatically dependent on the environment in which the plant is grown. To investigate genotype by environment interactions underlying elemental accumulation, we analyzed levels of elements in maize kernels of the Intermated B73 x Mo17 (IBM) recombinant inbred population grown in 10 different environments spanning a total of six locations and five different years. In analyses conducted separately for each environment, we identified a total of 79 quantitative trait loci controlling seed elemental accumulation. While a set of these QTL were found in multiple environments, the majority were specific to a single environment, suggesting the presence of genetic by environment interactions. To specifically identify and quantify QTL by environment interactions (QEIs), we implemented two methods: linear modeling with environmental covariates and QTL analysis on trait differences between growouts. With these approaches, we found several instances of QEI, indicating that elemental profiles are highly heritable, interrelated, and responsive to the environment.nnAuthor SummaryPlants take up elements from the soil, a process that is highly regulated by the plants genome. To investigate how maize alters its elemental uptake in response to different environments, we analyzed the kernel elemental content of a population derived from a cross grown 10 different times in six locations. We found that environment had a profound effect on which genetic loci were important for elemental accumulation in the kernel. Our results suggest that to have a full understanding of elemental accumulation in maize kernels and other food crops, we will need to understand the interactions identified here at the level of the genes and the environmental variables that contribute to loading essential nutrients into seeds.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alexandra B Asaro</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gregory R Ziegler</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cathrine Ziyomo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Owen A Hoekenga</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brian P Dilkes</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivan Baxter</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-04-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/048173</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Interaction of Genotype and Environment Determines Variation in the Maize Kernel Ionome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-04-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/054262v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Best Practices in Data Analysis and Sharing in Neuroimaging using MRI 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/054262v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuroimaging enables rich noninvasive measurements of human brain activity, but translating such data into neuroscientific insights and clinical applications requires complex analyses and collaboration among a diverse array of researchers. The open science movement is reshaping scientific culture and addressing the challenges of transparency and reproducibility of research. To advance open science in neuroimaging the Organization for Human Brain Mapping created the Committee on Best Practice in Data Analysis and Sharing (COBIDAS), charged with creating a report that collects best practice recommendations from experts and the entire brain imaging community. The purpose of this work is to elaborate the principles of open and reproducible research for neuroimaging using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and then distill these principles to specific research practices. Many elements of a study are so varied that practice cannot be prescribed, but for these areas we detail the information that must be reported to fully understand and potentially replicate a study. For other elements of a study, like statistical modelling where specific poor practices can be identified, and the emerging areas of data sharing and reproducibility, we detail both good practice and reporting standards. For each of seven areas of a study we provide tabular listing of over 100 items to help plan, execute, report and share research in the most transparent fashion. Whether for individual scientists, or for editors and reviewers, we hope these guidelines serve as a benchmark, to raise the standards of practice and reporting in neuroimaging using MRI.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thomas E. Nichols</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samir Das</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simon B. Eickhoff</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alan C. Evans</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tristan Glatard</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael Hanke</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nikolaus Kriegeskorte</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael P. Milham</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russell A. Poldrack</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jean-Baptiste Poline</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erika Proal</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertrand Thirion</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David C. Van Essen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tonya White</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>B. T. Thomas Yeo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-05-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/054262</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Best Practices in Data Analysis and Sharing in Neuroimaging using MRI]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-05-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/054437v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Brain structure in pediatric Tourette syndrome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/054437v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Previous studies of brain structure in Tourette syndrome (TS) have produced mixed results, and most had modest sample sizes. In the present multi-center study, we used structural MRI to compare 103 children and adolescents with TS to a well-matched group of 103 children without tics. We applied voxel-based morphometry methods to test gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volume differences between diagnostic groups, accounting for MRI scanner and sequence, age, sex and total GM + WM volume. The TS group demonstrated greater GM volume in posterior thalamus, hypothalamus and midbrain, and lower WM volume bilaterally in orbital and medial prefrontal cortex. These results demonstrate evidence for abnormal brain structure in children and youth with TS, consistent with and extending previous findings. As orbital cortex is reciprocally connected with hypothalamus, our results suggest that structural abnormalities in these regions may relate to abnormal behavioral inhibition and somatic monitoring in TS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alton C. Williams</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deanna J. Greene</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonathan M. Koller</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bradley L. Schlaggar</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kevin J. Black</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>The Tourette Association of America Neuroimaging C</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-05-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/054437</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Brain structure in pediatric Tourette syndrome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-05-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/063941v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MIGS: Methylation Interpolated Gene Signatures Determine Associations Between Differential Methylation and Gene Expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/063941v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A large number of genomic studies are underway to determine which genes are abnormally regulated by methylation in disease. However, our understanding of how disease-specific methylation changes potentially affect expression is poorly understood. We need better tools to explain specific variation in methylation that potentially affects gene expression in clinical sequencing. We have developed a model, Methylation Interpolated Gene Signatures (MIGS), that captures the complexity of DNA methylation changes around a gene promoter. Using data from the Roadmap Epigenomics Project, we show that MIGS significantly outperforms current methods to use methylation data to predict differential expression. We find that methylation changes at the TSS and downstream ~2kb are most predictive of expression change. MIGS will be an invaluable tool to analyze genome-wide methylation data as MIGS produces a longer and more accurate list of genes with methylation-associated expression changes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Christopher E Schlosberg</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nathan D VanderKraats</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>John R Edwards</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-07-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/063941</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MIGS: Methylation Interpolated Gene Signatures Determine Associations Between Differential Methylation and Gene Expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-07-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/073833v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SVScore: An Impact Prediction Tool For Structural Variation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/073833v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationStructural variation (SV) is an important and diverse source of human genome variation. Over the past several years, much progress has been made in the area of SV detection, but predicting the functional impact of SVs discovered in whole genome sequencing (WGS) studies remains extremely challenging. Accurate SV impact prediction is especially important for WGS-based rare variant association studies and studies of rare disease.nnResultsHere we present SVScore, a computational tool for in silico SV impact prediction. SVScore aggregates existing per-base single nucleotide polymorphism pathogenicity scores across relevant genomic intervals for each SV in a manner that considers variant type, gene features, and uncertainty in breakpoint location. We show that in a Finnish cohort, the allele frequency spectrum of SVs with high impact scores is strongly skewed toward lower frequencies, suggesting that these variants are under purifying selection. We further show that SVScore identifies deleterious variants more effectively than naive alternative methods. Finally, our results indicate that high-scoring tandem duplications may be under surprisingly strong selection relative to high-scoring deletions, suggesting that duplications may be more deleterious than previously thought. In conclusion, SVScore provides pathogenicity prediction for SVs that is both informative and meaningful for understanding their functional role in disease.nnAvailabilitySVScore is implemented in Perl and available freely at {{http://www.github.com/lganel/SVScore}} for use under the MIT license.nnContactihall@wustl.edunnSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liron Ganel</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haley J Abel</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ira M Hall</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-09-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/073833</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SVScore: An Impact Prediction Tool For Structural Variation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-09-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/079012v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Hypothesis to Explain Cancers in Confined Colonies of Naked Mole Rats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/079012v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Naked mole rats (NMRs) are subterranean eusocial mammals, known for their virtual absence of aging in their first 20 to 30 years of life, and their apparent resistance to cancer development. As such, this species has become an important biological model for investigating the physiological and molecular mechanisms behind cancer resistance. Two recent studies have discovered middle and late-aged worker (that is, non-breeding) NMRs in captive populations exhibiting neoplasms, consistent with cancer development, challenging the claim that NMRs are cancer resistant. These cases are possibly artefacts of inbreeding or certain rearing conditions in captivity, but they are also consistent with evolutionary theory.nnWe present field data showing that worker NMRs live on average for 1 to 2 years. This, together with considerable knowledge about the biology of this species, provides the basis for an evolutionary explanation for why debilitating cancers in NMRs should be rare in captive populations and absent in the wild. Whereas workers are important for maintaining tunnels, colony defence, brood care, and foraging, they are highly vulnerable to predation. However, surviving workers either replace dead breeders, or assume other less active functions whilst preparing for possible dispersal. These countervailing forces (selection resulting in aging due to early-life investments in worker function, and selection for breeder longevity) along with the fact that all breeders derive from the worker morph, can explain the low levels of cancer observed by these recent studies in captive colonies. Because workers in the field typically never reach ages where cancer becomes a risk to performance or mortality, those rare observations of neoplastic growth should be confined to the artificial environments where workers survive to ages rarely if ever occurring in the wild. Thus, we predict that the worker phenotype fortuitously benefits from anti-aging and cancer protection in captive populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Michael E Hochberg</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robert J Noble</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stanton Braude</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/079012</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Hypothesis to Explain Cancers in Confined Colonies of Naked Mole Rats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/082032v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The E. coli molecular phenotype under different growth conditions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/082032v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Modern systems biology requires extensive, carefully curated measurements of cellular components in response to different environmental conditions. While high-throughput methods have made transcriptomics and proteomics datasets widely accessible and relatively economical to generate, systematic measurements of both mRNA and protein abundances under a wide range of different conditions are still relatively rare. Here we present a detailed, genome-wide transcriptomics and proteomics dataset of E. coli grown under 34 different conditions. We manipulate concentrations of sodium and magnesium in the growth media, and we consider four different carbon sources glucose, gluconate, lactate, and glycerol. Moreover, samples are taken both in exponential and stationary phase, and we include two extensive time-courses, with multiple samples taken between 3 hours and 2 weeks. We find that exponential-phase samples systematically differ from stationary-phase samples, in particular at the level of mRNA. Regulatory responses to different carbon sources or salt stresses are more moderate, but we find numerous differentially expressed genes for growth on gluconate and under salt and magnesium stress. Our data set provides a rich resource for future computational modeling of E. coli gene regulation, transcription, and translation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>CAGLAR, M. U. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>HOUSER, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnhart, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boutz, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carroll, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dasgupta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lenoir, W. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sridhara, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sydykova, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wood, D. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marx, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcotte, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrick, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilke, C. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-10-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/082032</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The E. coli molecular phenotype under different growth conditions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-10-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/086785v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Directional evolution in temperature-responsive gene expression in yeast 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/086785v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene regulation is a ubiquitous mechanism by which organisms respond to their environment. While organisms are often found to be adapted to the environments they experience, the role of gene regulation in environmental adaptation is not often known. In this study, we examine divergence in cis-regulatory effects between two Saccharomyces species, S. cerevisiae and S. uvarum, that have substantially diverged in their thermal growth profile. We measured allele specific expression (ASE) in the species hybrid at three temperatures, the highest of which is lethal to S. uvarum but not the hybrid or S. cerevisiae. We find that S. uvarum alleles can be expressed at the same level as S. cerevisiae alleles at high temperature and most cis-acting differences in gene expression are not dependent on temperature. While a small set of 136 genes show temperature-dependent ASE, we find no indication that signatures of directional cis-regulatory evolution are associated with temperature. Within promoter regions we find binding sites enriched upstream of temperature responsive genes, but only weak correlations between binding site and expression divergence. Our results indicate that temperature divergence between S. cerevisiae and S. uvarum has not caused widespread divergence in cis-regulatory activity, but point to a small subset of genes where the species alleles show differences in magnitude or opposite responses to temperature. The difficulty of explaining divergence in cis-regulatory sequences with models of transcription factor binding sites and nucleosome positioning highlights the importance of identifying mutations that underlie cis-regulatory divergence between species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, X. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fay, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-11-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/086785</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Directional evolution in temperature-responsive gene expression in yeast]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-11-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/087031v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Response variability and population coupling of cortical synaptic inputs are strongly influenced by network properties 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/087031v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The highly variable spiking of a cortical neuron is "coupled" to that of other neurons in the network. This has implications for sensory coding, and appears to represent a fundamental property of cortical sensory processing. To date, most studies of population coupling have focused on recorded spiking activity, an approach that suffers from several confounding issues. Moreover, the contributions of various network properties to population coupling are largely unexplored. To this end, we recorded the membrane potential (V) and the nearby LFP in the visual cortex of the turtle ex vivo wholebrain preparation during ongoing and visually-evoked activity. We used an algorithm to infer the excitatory conductance (g) from V, and calculated the g-LFP coupling. We found that g-LFP coupling was highly variable across neurons, and increased following visual stimulation before relaxing to intermediate values. To investigate the role of the network, we implemented a driven small-world network of leaky integrate-and-fire neurons. This model reproduces the large across-trial response variability and g-LFP coupling dynamic, and suggests crucial roles for anatomical and emergent network properties.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wright, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoseini, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yasar, T. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wessel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-11-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/087031</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Response variability and population coupling of cortical synaptic inputs are strongly influenced by network properties]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-11-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/087049v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adaptation modulates correlated response variability in visual cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/087049v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cortical sensory responses are highly variable across stimulus presentations. This variability can be correlated across neurons (due to some combination of dense intracortical connectivity, cortical activity level, and cortical state), with fundamental implications for population coding. Yet the interpretation of correlated response variability (or "noise correlation") has remained fraught with difficulty, in part because of the restriction to extracellular neuronal spike recordings. Here, we measured response variability and its correlation at the most microscopic level of electrical neural activity, the membrane potential, by obtaining dual whole-cell recordings from pairs of cortical pyramidal neurons during visual processing. We found that during visual stimulation, correlated variability adapts towards an intermediate level and that this correlation dynamic is mediated by intracortical mechanisms. A model network with external inputs, synaptic depression, and structure reproduced the observed dynamics of correlated variability. These results establish that intracortical adaptation self-organizes cortical circuits towards a balanced regime at which network coordination maintains an intermediate level.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wright, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoseini, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wessel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-11-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/087049</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adaptation modulates correlated response variability in visual cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-11-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/087288v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Network activity influences the subthreshold and spiking visual responses of pyramidal neurons in a three-layer cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/087288v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A primary goal of systems neuroscience is to understand cortical function, which typically involves studying spontaneous and sensory-evoked cortical activity. Mounting evidence suggests a strong and complex relationship between the ongoing and evoked state. To date, most work in this area has been based on spiking in populations of neurons. While advantageous in many respects, this approach is limited in scope; it records the activities of a minority of neurons, and gives no direct indication of the underlying subthreshold dynamics. Membrane potential recordings can fill these gaps in our understanding, but are difficult to obtain in vivo. Here, we record subthreshold cortical visual responses in the ex vivo turtle eye-attached whole-brain preparation, which is ideally-suited to such a study. In the absence of visual stimulation, the network is "synchronous"; neurons display network-mediated transitions between low- and high-conductance membrane potential states. The prevalence of these slow-wave transitions varies across turtles and recording sessions. Visual stimulation evokes similar high-conductance states, which are on average larger and less reliable when the ongoing state is more synchronous. Responses are muted when immediately preceded by large, spontaneous high-conductance events. Evoked spiking is sparse, highly variable across trials, and mediated by concerted synaptic inputs that are in general only very weakly correlated with inputs to nearby neurons. Together, these results highlight the multiplexed influence of the cortical network on the spontaneous and sensory-evoked activity of individual cortical neurons.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wright, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wessel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-11-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/087288</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Network activity influences the subthreshold and spiking visual responses of pyramidal neurons in a three-layer cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-11-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/090829v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High levels of antibiotic tolerance and persistence are induced by the commercial anti-microbial triclosan 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/090829v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The antimicrobial triclosan is used in a wide range of consumer products ranging from toothpaste, cleansers, socks, and baby toys. A bacteriostatic inhibitor of fatty acid synthesis, triclosan is extremely stable and accumulates in the environment. Approximately 75% of adults in the US have detectable levels of the compound in their urine, with a sizeable fraction of individuals (>10%) having urine concentrations equal to or greater than the minimal inhibitory concentration for Escherichia coli and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Previous work has identified connections between defects in fatty acid synthesis and accumulation of the alarmone guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp), which has been repeatedly associated with antibiotic tolerance and persistence. Based on these data, we hypothesized that triclosan exposure may inadvertently drive bacteria into a state in which they are able to tolerate normally lethal concentrations of antibiotics. Here we report that clinically relevant concentrations of triclosan increased E. coli and MRSA tolerance to bactericidal antibiotics as much as 10,000 fold in vitro and reduced antibiotic efficacy up to 100-fold in a mouse urinary tract infection model. Genetic analysis indicated that triclosan-mediated antibiotic tolerance requires ppGpp synthesis, but is independent of growth. These data highlight an unexpected and certainly unintended consequence of adding high concentrations of antimicrobials in consumer products, supporting an urgent need to reevaluate the costs and benefits of the prophylactic use of triclosan and other bacteriostatic compounds.nnImportanceAdded as a prophylactic to a wide range of consumer products, the fatty acid synthesis inhibitor triclosan accumulates to high levels in humans and the environment. Based on links between defects in fatty acid synthesis and accumulation of the alarmone ppGpp, we hypothesized that triclosan would render cells tolerant to bactericidal compounds due to ppGpp-mediated inhibition of biosynthetic capacity. Our data indicate that clinically relevant concentrations of triclosan induces higher tolerance of E. coli and methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) to a panel of bactericidal antibiotics up to 10,000-fold. In a urinary tract infection model, mice exposed to triclosan exhibited bacterial loads ~100-fold higher in the bladder than control animals following ciprofloxacin challenge. These findings highlight an unexpected consequence of antimicrobials in consumer products and support an urgent need to reevaluate the costs and benefits of the prophylactic use of triclosan and other bacteriostatic compounds.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Westfall, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levin, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-12-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/090829</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High levels of antibiotic tolerance and persistence are induced by the commercial anti-microbial triclosan]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-12-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/092007v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Understanding genetic changes underlying the molybdate resistance and the glutathione production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine strains using an evolution-based strategy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/092007v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In this work we have investigated the genetic changes underlying the high glutathione (GSH) production showed by the evolved Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain UMCC 2581, selected in a molybdate-enriched environment after sexual recombination of the parental wine strain UMCC 855. To reach our goal, we first generated strains with the desired phenotype, and then we mapped changes underlying adaptation to molybdate by using a whole-genome sequencing. Moreover, we carried out the RNA-seq that allowed an accurate measurement of gene expression and an effective comparison between the transcriptional profiles of parental and evolved strains, in order to investigate the relationship between genotype and high GSH production phenotype.nnAmong all genes evaluated only two genes, MED2 and RIM15 both related to oxidative stress response, presented new mutations in the UMCC 2581 strain sequence and were potentially related to the evolved phenotype.nnRegarding the expression of high GSH production phenotype, it included over-expression of amino acids permeases and precursor biosynthetic enzymes rather than the two GSH metabolic enzymes, whereas GSH production and metabolism, transporter activity, vacuolar detoxification and oxidative stress response enzymes were probably added resulting in the molybdate resistance phenotype. This work provides an example of a combination of an evolution-based strategy to successful obtain yeast strain with desired phenotype and inverse engineering approach to genetic characterize the evolved strain. The obtained genetic information could be useful for further optimization of the evolved strains and for providing an even more rapid approach to identify new strains, with a high GSH production, through a marked-assisted selection strategy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mezzetti, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fay, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giudici, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Vero, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-12-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/092007</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Understanding genetic changes underlying the molybdate resistance and the glutathione production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine strains using an evolution-based strategy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-12-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/092684v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Flux through lipid synthesis dictates bacterial cell size. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/092684v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nutrients--and by extension biosynthetic capacity--positively impact cell size in organisms throughout the tree of life. In bacteria, cell size is reduced three-fold in response to nutrient starvation or accumulation of the alarmone ppGpp, a global inhibitor of biosynthesis. However, whether biosynthetic capacity as a whole determines cell size or if particular anabolic pathways are more important than others remains an open question. Utilizing a top-down approach, here we identify flux through lipid synthesis as the primary biosynthetic determinant of Escherichia coli cell size. Altering flux through lipid synthesis recapitulated the impact of altering nutrients on cell size and morphology, while defects in other biosynthetic pathways either did not impact size or altered size in a lipid-dependent manner. Together our findings support a model in which lipid availability dictates cell envelope capacity and ppGpp functions as a linchpin linking surface area expansion with cytoplasmic volume to maintain cellular integrity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vadia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tse, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levin, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/092684</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Flux through lipid synthesis dictates bacterial cell size.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/107870v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Function of the Arabidopsis kinesin-4, FRA1, requires abundant processive motility 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/107870v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Processivity is important for kinesins that mediate intracellular transport. Structure-function analyses of N-terminal kinesins have identified several non-motor regions that affect processivity in vitro. However, whether these structural elements affect kinesin processivity and function in vivo is not known. Here, we used an Arabidopsis kinesin-4, called Fragile Fiber1 (FRA1), which is thought to mediate vesicle transport to test whether mutations that alter processivity in vitro behave similarly in vivo and whether processivity is important for FRAs function. We generated several FRA1 mutants that differed in their run lengths in vitro and then transformed them into the fra1-5 mutant for complementation and in vivo motility analyses. Our data show that the behavior of processivity mutants in vivo can differ dramatically from in vitro properties, underscoring the need to extend structure-function analyses of kinesins in vivo. In addition, we found that high density of processive motility is necessary for FRA1s physiological function.nnSummaryThis study shows that the motility of kinesin mutants can differ significantly between in vitro and in vivo conditions and that abundant processive motility is important for FRA1 kinesins function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ganguly, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeMott, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixit, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-02-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/107870</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Function of the Arabidopsis kinesin-4, FRA1, requires abundant processive motility]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-02-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/110718v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Heritability of the structures and 13C fractionation in tomato leaf wax alkanes: a genetic model system to inform paleoenvironmental reconstructions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/110718v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Leaf wax n-alkanes are broadly used to reconstruct paleoenvironmental information. However, the utility of the n-alkane paleoclimate proxy is modulated by the extent to which genetic as well as environmental factors influence the structural and isotopic variability of leaf waxes. In paleoclimate applications, there is an implicit assumption that most variation of leaf wax traits through a time series can be attributed to environmental change and that biological sources of variability within plant communities are small. For example, changes in hydrology affect the {delta}2 H of waxes though rainwater and the {delta}13C of leaf waxes by changing plant communities (i.e., C3 versus C4 input). Here we test the assumption of little genetic control over 5 C variation of leaf wax by presenting the results of an experimental greenhouse growth study in which we estimate the role of genetic variability on structural and isotopic leaf wax traits in a set of 76 introgression lines (ILs) between two interfertile Solanum (tomato) species: S. lycopersicum cv M82 (hereafter cv M82) and S. pennellii. We found that the leaves of S. pennellii, a wild desert tomato relative, produces significantly more iso-alkanes than cv M82, a domesticated tomato cultivar adapted to water-replete conditions; we introduce a methylation index to summarize the ratio of branched (iso- and anteiso-) to total alkanes. Between S. pennellii and cv M82, the iso-alkanes were found to be enriched in 13C by 1.2-1.4%o over n-alkanes. By modeling our results from the ILs, we report the broad-sense heritability values (H2) of leaf wax traits to describe the degree to which genetic variation contributes to variation of these traits. Individual carbon isotope values of alkanes are of low heritability (H2 = 0.13-0.19), suggesting that {delta}13C of leaf waxes from this study are strongly influenced by environmental variance, which supports the interpretation that variation in the 5 C of wax compounds recorded in sediments reflects paleohydrological changes. Average chain length (ACL) values of n-alkanes are of intermediate heritability (H2 = 0.30), suggesting that ACL values are strongly influenced by genetic cues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bender, A. L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chitwood, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bradley, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-02-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/110718</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Heritability of the structures and 13C fractionation in tomato leaf wax alkanes: a genetic model system to inform paleoenvironmental reconstructions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-02-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/110957v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A common haplotype lowers SPI1 (PU.1) expression in myeloid cells and delays age at onset for Alzheimer’s disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/110957v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In this study we used age at onset of Alzheimers disease (AD), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, and cis-expression quantitative trait loci (cis-eQTL) datasets to identify candidate causal genes and mechanisms underlying AD GWAS loci. In a genome-wide survival analysis of 40,255 samples, eight of the previously reported AD risk loci are significantly (P < 5x10-8) or suggestively (P < 1x10-5) associated with age at onset-defined survival (AAOS) and a further fourteen novel loci reached suggestive significance. Using stratified LD score regression we demonstrated a significant enrichment of AD heritability in hematopoietic cells of the myeloid and B-lymphoid lineage. We then investigated the impact of these 22 AAOS-associated variants on CSF biomarkers and gene expression in cells of the myeloid lineage. In particular, the minor allele of rs1057233 (G), within the previously reported CELF1 AD risk locus, shows association with higher age at onset of AD (P=8.40x10-6), higher CSF levels of A{beta}42 (P=1.2x10-4), and lower expression of SPI1 in monocytes (P=1.50x10-105) and macrophages (P=6.41x10-87). SPI1 encodes PU.1, a transcription factor critical for myeloid cell development and function. AD heritability is enriched within the SPI1 cistromes of monocytes and macrophages, implicating a myeloid PU.1 target gene network in the etiology of AD. Finally, experimentally altered PU.1 levels are correlated with phagocytic activity of BV2 mouse microglial cells and specific changes in the expression of multiple myeloid-expressed genes, including the mouse orthologs of AD-associated genes, APOE, CLU/APOJ, CD33, MS4A4A/MS4A6A, and TYROBP. Our results collectively suggest that lower SPI1 expression reduces AD risk by modulating myeloid cell gene expression and function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, K.-l.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcora, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pimenova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Narzo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kapoor, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harari, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertelsen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fairfax, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Czajkowski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chouraki, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grenier-Boley, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bellenguez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deming, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKenzie, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raj, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Budde, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitzpatrick, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeStefano, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ikram, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Del-Aguila, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibanez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>The International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sims, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Escott-Price, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayeux, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haines, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farrer, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pericak-Vance, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lambert, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Duijn, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>L</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-02-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/110957</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A common haplotype lowers SPI1 (PU.1) expression in myeloid cells and delays age at onset for Alzheimer’s disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-02-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/111831v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Subdomains of the Pol V largest subunit CTD mediate locus-specific RNA-directed DNA methylation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/111831v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plant multisubunit RNA Polymerase V transcription recruits Argonaute siRNA complexes that specify sites of RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) for gene silencing. Pol V's largest subunit, NRPE1, evolved from the largest subunit of Pol II but has a distinctive carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD). We show that the Pol V CTD is dispensable for catalytic activity in vitro, yet essential in vivo. One CTD subdomain (DeCL), is required for Pol V function at virtually all loci. other CTD subdomains have locusspecific effects. In a yeast two-hybrid screen, the 3'->5' exoribonuclease, RRP6L1 was identified as an interactor with the DeCL subdomain and DeCL and glutamine-serine-rich (QS) subdomains, located downstream from an Argonaute-binding repeat subdomain. Experimental evidence indicates that RRP6L1 trims the 3 ends of Pol V transcripts sliced by ARGONAUTE 4 (AGO4), suggesting a model whereby the CTD enables the spatial and temporal coordination of AGO4 and RRP6L1 RNA processing activities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wendte, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haag, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKinlay, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pontes, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pikaard, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-02-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/111831</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Subdomains of the Pol V largest subunit CTD mediate locus-specific RNA-directed DNA methylation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-02-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/124123v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multimodal Neural Correlates Of Cognitive Control In The Human Connectome Project 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/124123v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cognitive control is a construct that refers to the set of functions that enable decisionmaking and task performance through the representation of task states, goals, and rules. The neural correlates of cognitive control have been studied in humans using a wide variety of neuroimaging modalities, including structural MRI, resting-state fMRI, and task-based fMRI. The results from each of these modalities independently have implicated the involvement of a number of brain regions in cognitive control, including dorsal prefrontal cortex, and frontal parietal and cingulo-opercular brain networks. However, it is not clear how the results from a single modality relate to results in other modalities. Recent developments in multimodal image analysis methods provide an avenue for answering such questions and could yield more integrated models of the neural correlates of cognitive control. In this study, we used multiset canonical correlation analysis with joint independent component analysis (mCCA+jICA) to identify multimodal patterns of variation related to cognitive control. We used two independent cohorts of participants from the Human Connectome Project, each of which had data from four imaging modalities. We replicated the findings from the first cohort in the second cohort using both independent and predictive analyses. The independent analyses identified a component in each cohort that was highly similar to the other and significantly correlated with cognitive control performance. The replication by prediction analyses identified two independent components that were significantly correlated with cognitive control performance in the first cohort and significantly predictive of performance in the second cohort. These components identified positive relationships across the modalities in neural regions related to both dynamic and stable aspects of task control, including regions in both the frontal-parietal and cingulo-opercular networks, as well as regions hypothesized to be modulated by cognitive control signaling, such as visual cortex. Taken together, these results illustrate the potential utility of multi-modal analyses in identifying the neural correlates of cognitive control across different indicators of brain structure and function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lerman-Sinkoff, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sui, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rachakonda, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kandala, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calhoun, V. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barch, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-04-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/124123</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multimodal Neural Correlates Of Cognitive Control In The Human Connectome Project]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-04-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/129288v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Association Between Substance Use Disorder And Polygenic Liability To Schizophrenia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/129288v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThere are high levels of comorbidity between schizophrenia and substance use disorder, but little is known about the genetic etiology of this comorbidity.nnMethodsHere, we test the hypothesis that shared genetic liability contributes to the high rates of comorbidity between schizophrenia and substance use disorder. To do this, polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia derived from a large meta-analysis by the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium were computed in three substance use disorder datasets: COGEND (ascertained for nicotine dependence n=918 cases, 988 controls), COGA (ascertained for alcohol dependence n=643 cases, 384 controls), and FSCD (ascertained for cocaine dependence n=210 cases, 317 controls). Phenotypes were harmonized across the three datasets and standardized analyses were performed. Genome-wide genotypes were imputed to 1000 Genomes reference panel.nnResultsIn each individual dataset and in the mega-analysis, strong associations were observed between any substance use disorder diagnosis and the polygenic risk score for schizophrenia (mega-analysis pseudo R2 range 0.8%-3.7%, minimum p=4x10-23).nnConclusionsThese results suggest that comorbidity between schizophrenia and substance use disorder is partially attributable to shared polygenic liability. This shared liability is most consistent with a general risk for substance use disorder rather than specific risks for individual substance use disorders and adds to increasing evidence of a blurred boundary between schizophrenia and substance use disorder.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hartz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horton, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oehlert, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carey, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agrawal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bogdan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hancock, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, E. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pato, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pato, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rice, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bierut, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-04-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/129288</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Association Between Substance Use Disorder And Polygenic Liability To Schizophrenia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-04-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/135400v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic Current Clamp Experiments Define The Functional Roles Of IK1 And Ito,f In Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Cardiomyocytes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/135400v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The transient outward potassium current (Ito) plays a key, albeit incompletely defined, role in cardiomyocyte physiology and pathophysiology. In light of the technical challenges of studying adult human cardiomyocytes, this study examines the use of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) as a system which potentially preserves the native cellular milieu of human cardiomyocytes. ISPC-CMs express a robust Ito with slow recovery kinetics and fail to express the rapidly recovering Ito,f which is implicated in human disease. Overexpression of the accessory subunit KChIP2 (which is not expressed in iPSC-CMs) resulted in restoration of a rapid component of recovery. To define the functional role of Ito, dynamic current clamp was used to introduce computationally modeled currents into iPSC-CMs while recording action potentials. However, iPSC-CMs exhibit action potentials with multiple immature physiological properties, including slow upstroke velocity, heterogeneous action potential waveforms, and the absence of a phase 1 notch, thus potentially limiting the utility of these cells as a model of adult cardiomyocytes. Importantly, the introduction of modeled inwardly rectified current (IK1) ameliorated these immature properties by restoring a hyperpolarized resting membrane potential. In this context of normalized action potential morphologies, dynamic current clamp experiments introducing Ito,f demonstrated that there is significant cell-to-cell heterogeneity and that the functional effect of Ito,f is highly sensitive to the action potential plateau voltage in each cell.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marrus, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Springer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dranoff, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mellor, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamada, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/135400</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic Current Clamp Experiments Define The Functional Roles Of IK1 And Ito,f In Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Cardiomyocytes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/135632v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Local-Global Parcellation of the Human Cerebral Cortex From Intrinsic Functional Connectivity MRI 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/135632v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A central goal in systems neuroscience is the parcellation of the cerebral cortex into discrete neurobiological "atoms". Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) offers the possibility of in-vivo human cortical parcellation. Almost all previous parcellations relied on one of two approaches. The local gradient approach detects abrupt transitions in functional connectivity patterns. These transitions potentially reflect cortical areal boundaries defined by histology or visuotopic fMRI. By contrast, the global similarity approach clusters similar functional connectivity patterns regardless of spatial proximity, resulting in parcels with homogeneous (similar) rs-fMRI signals. Here we propose a gradient-weighted Markov Random Field (gwMRF) model integrating local gradient and global similarity approaches. Using task-fMRI and rs-fMRI across diverse acquisition protocols, we found gwMRF parcellations to be more homogeneous than four previously published parcellations. Furthermore, gwMRF parcellations agreed with the boundaries of certain cortical areas defined using histology and visuotopic fMRI. Some parcels captured sub-areal (somatotopic and visuotopic) features that likely reflect distinct computational units within known cortical areas. These results suggest that gwMRF parcellations reveal neurobiologically meaningful features of brain organization and are potentially useful for future applications requiring dimensionality reduction of voxel-wise fMRI data. Multi-resolution parcellations generated from 1489 participants are available (https://github.com/ThomasYeoLab/CBIG/tree/master/stable_projects/brain_parcellation/Schaefer2018_LocalGlobal)
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schaefer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laumann, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuo, X.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holmes, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eickhoff, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, B. T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/135632</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Local-Global Parcellation of the Human Cerebral Cortex From Intrinsic Functional Connectivity MRI]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/138651v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hydrogen Isotope Composition Of Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum Lipids: Comparing Wild Type To A nfn- Transhydrogenase Mutant 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/138651v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractThe 2H/1H ratio in microbial fatty acids can record information about the energy metabolism of microbes and about the isotopic composition of environmental water. However, the mechanisms involved in the fractionation of hydrogen isotopes between water and lipid are not fully resolved. We provide data aimed at understanding this fractionation in the Gram-positive obligately thermophilic anaerobe, Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum, by comparing a wild-type strain to a deletion mutant in which the nfnAB genes encoding electron-bifurcating transhydrogenase have been removed. The wild-type strain showed faster growth rates and larger overall fractionation [Formula] than the mutant strain [Formula]. The overall trend in growth rate and fractionation, along with the isotopic ordering of individual lipids, is consistent with results reported for the Gram-negative sulfate reducer, Desulfovibrio alaskensis G20.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Leavitt, W. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, S. J.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lynd, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bradley, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/138651</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hydrogen Isotope Composition Of Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum Lipids: Comparing Wild Type To A nfn- Transhydrogenase Mutant]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/146522v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Early warning signals regarding environmental suitability in the Drosophila antenna 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/146522v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
HighlightsO_LIA novel geotaxis assay showed high intensity odorant exposures are harmful to fliesnC_LIO_LIRepulsion at high odor intensities can be a protective mechanismnC_LIO_LIOlfactory receptor neuron (ORN) excitability abruptly changes with odor intensitynC_LIO_LIA linear combination of ORN activities can robustly predict intensity-dependent behavioral repulsionnC_LInnSummaryThe olfactory system is uniquely positioned to warn an organism of environmental threats. Whether and how it encodes such information is not understood. Here, we examined this issue in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. We found that intensity-dependent repulsion to chemicals safeguarded flies from harmful, high-intensity vapor exposures. To understand how sensory input changed as the odor valence switched from innocuous to threatening, we recorded from olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) in the fly antenna. Primarily, we observed two response non-linearities: recruitment of non-active ORNs at higher intensities, and abrupt transitions in neural excitability from regular spiking to high-firing oscillatory regime. Although non-linearities observed in any single ORN was not a good indicator, a simple linear combination of firing events from multiple neurons provided robust recognition of threating/repulsive olfactory stimuli. In sum, our results reveal how information necessary to avoid environmental threats may also be encoded in the insect antenna.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lube, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saha, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben-Shahar, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/146522</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Early warning signals regarding environmental suitability in the Drosophila antenna]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/147900v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neuronal adaptation and optimal coding in economic decisions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/147900v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During economic decisions, neurons in orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) encode the values of offered goods. Importantly, their responses adapt to the range of values available in any given context. Prima facie, range adaptation seems to provide an efficient representation. However, uncorrected adaptation in the encoding of offer values would induce arbitrary choice biases. Thus a fundamental and open question is whether range adaptation is behaviorally advantageous. Here we present a theory of optimal coding for economic decisions. In a nutshell, the representation of offer values is optimal if it ensures maximal expected payoff. In this framework, we examine the activity of offer value cells in non-human primates. We show that their firing rates are quasi-linear functions of the offered values, even when optimal tuning functions would be highly non-linear. Most importantly, we demonstrate that for linear tuning functions range adaptation maximizes the expected payoff, even if the effects of adaptation are corrected to avoid choice biases. Thus value coding in OFC is functionally rigid (linear tuning) but parametrically plastic (range adaptation with optimal gain). Importantly, the benefit of range adaptation outweighs the cost of functional rigidity. While generally suboptimal, linear tuning may facilitate transitive choices.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rustichini, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conen, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Padoa-Schioppa, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/147900</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neuronal adaptation and optimal coding in economic decisions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/151696v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
rTMS with individualized resting-state network mapping for neuropsychiatric sequelae of repetitive traumatic brain injury in a retired NFL player 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/151696v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The recent advent of individualized resting-state network mapping (RSNM) has revealed substantial inter-individual variability in anatomical localization of brain networks identified using resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI). Such variability may be particularly important after repetitive traumatic brain injury (TBI), which is associated with treatment-resistant depression. RSNM enables personalized targeting of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a focal brain stimulation technique that relieves depression when administered over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.nnRSNM was used to identify left/right dorsolateral prefrontal rTMS targets with maximal difference between dorsal attention network and default mode network (DMN) correlations. These targets were spatially distinct from those identified by prior methods. The method was evaluated by administering twenty sessions of left-sided excitatory and right-sided inhibitory rTMS to a retired NFL defensive lineman with progressive treatment-resistant neuropsychiatric disturbances. Treatment led to improvement in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (72%), cognitive testing, and headache scales. In comparison with healthy individuals and subjects with TBI-associated depression, baseline rsfMRI revealed substantially elevated DMN connectivity with medial temporal lobe (MTL). Serial rsfMRI scans showed gradual improvement in MTL-DMN connectivity and stimulation site connectivity with subgenual anterior cingulate cortex. This highlights the possibility of individualized neuromodulation and biomarker-based monitoring for neuropsychiatric sequelae of repetitive TBI.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Siddiqi, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trapp, N. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hacker, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laumann, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kandala, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shahim, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brody, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/151696</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[rTMS with individualized resting-state network mapping for neuropsychiatric sequelae of repetitive traumatic brain injury in a retired NFL player]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/154047v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microevolutionary processes underlying macroevolutionary patterns of electric signal diversity in mormyrid fish 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/154047v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mormyrid fish species Paramormyrops kingsleyae emits an electric organ discharge (EOD) with a dual role in communication and electrolocation. Populations of P. kingsleyae have either biphasic or triphasic EODs, a feature which characterizes interspecific signal diversity among the Paramormyrops genus. We quantified variation in EODs of 327 P. kingsleyae from 9 populations throughout Gabon and compared it to genetic variation estimated from 5 neutral microsatellite loci. We found no correlation between electric signal and genetic distances, suggesting that EOD divergence between populations of P. kingsleyae cannot be explained by drift alone. An alternative hypothesis is that EOD differences are a cue for assortative mating, which would require P. kingsleyae be capable of differentiating between divergent EOD waveforms. Using a habituation-dishabituation assay, we found that P. kingsleyae can discriminate between triphasic and biphasic EOD types. Nonetheless, patterns of genetic and electric organ morphology divergence provide evidence for hybridization between signal types. Although reproductive isolation with respect to signal type is not absolute, our results suggest that EOD variation in P. kingsleaye has the potential to serve as a cue for assortative mating and point to selective forces rather than drift as important drivers of signal evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gallant, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sperling, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnegard, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hopkins, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/154047</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microevolutionary processes underlying macroevolutionary patterns of electric signal diversity in mormyrid fish]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/156331v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Polygenic hazard scores in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/156331v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Identifying asymptomatic older individuals at elevated risk for developing Alzheimers disease (AD) is of clinical importance. Among 1,081 asymptomatic older adults, a recently validated polygenic hazard score (PHS) significantly predicted time to AD dementia and steeper longitudinal cognitive decline, even after controlling for APOE {varepsilon}4 carrier status. Older individuals in the highest PHS percentiles showed the highest AD incidence rates. PHS predicted longitudinal clinical decline among older individuals with moderate to high CERAD (amyloid) and Braak (tau) scores at autopsy, even among APOE {varepsilon}4 non-carriers. Beyond APOE, PHS may help identify asymptomatic individuals at highest risk for developing Alzheimers neurodegeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tan, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugrue, L. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Broce, I. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tong, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hess, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dillon, W. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonham, L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yokoyama, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rabinovici, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosen, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyman, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schellenberg, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Besser, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kukull, W. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karch, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brewer, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kauppi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McEvoy, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desikan, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/156331</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Polygenic hazard scores in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/163394v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inert and seed-competent tau monomers elucidate the structural origins of aggregation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/163394v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tauopathies feature progressive accumulation of tau amyloids. Pathology may begin when these amplify from a protein template, or seed, whose structure is unknown. We have purified and characterized distinct forms of tau monomer--inert (Mi) and seed-competent (Ms). Recombinant Ms triggered intracellular tau aggregation, induced tau fibrillization in vitro, and self-assembled. Ms from Alzheimers disease also seeded aggregation and self-assembled in vitro to form seed-competent multimers. We used crosslinking with mass spectrometry to probe structural differences in Mi vs. Ms. Crosslinks informed models of local peptide structure within the repeat domain which suggest relative inaccessibility of residues that drive aggregation (VQIINK/VQIVYK) in Mi, and exposure in Ms. Limited proteolysis supported this idea. Although tau monomer has been considered to be natively unstructured, our findings belie this assumption and suggest that initiation of pathological aggregation could begin with conversion of tau monomer from an inert to a seed-competent form.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mirbaha, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morozova, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruff, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colby, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirzaei, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joachimiak, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamond, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/163394</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inert and seed-competent tau monomers elucidate the structural origins of aggregation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/164301v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intrinsically disordered linkers determine the interplay between phase separation and gelation in multivalent proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/164301v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many intracellular membraneless bodies appear to form via reversible phase transitions of multivalent proteins. Two relevant types of phase transitions are sol-gel transitions (gelation) and phase separation plus gelation. Gelation refers to the formation of a system spanning molecular network. This can either be enabled by phase separation or it can occur independently. Despite relevance for the formation and selectivity of compositionally distinct protein and RNA assemblies, the determinants of gelation as opposed to phase separation plus gelation remain unclear. Here, we focus on linear multivalent proteins that consist of interaction domains that are connected by disordered linkers. Using results from computer simulations and theoretical analysis we show that the lengths and sequence-specific features of disordered linkers determine the coupling between phase separation and gelation. Thus, the precise nature of phase transitions for linear multivalent proteins should be biologically tunable through genetic encoding of or post-translational modifications to linker sequences.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Harmon, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosen, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/164301</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intrinsically disordered linkers determine the interplay between phase separation and gelation in multivalent proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/165373v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Polygenic hazard score: an enrichment marker for Alzheimer’s associated amyloid and tau deposition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/165373v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThere is an urgent need for the early identification of nondemented individuals at the highest risk of progressing to Alzheimers disease (AD) dementia for early therapeutic interventions. Our goal was to evaluate whether a recently validated polygenic hazard score (PHS) can be integrated with known in vivo CSF or PET biomarkers of amyloid or tau pathology to prospectively predict cognitive decline and clinical progression to AD dementia in nondemented older individuals.nnMethodsWe evaluated 347 cognitive normal (CN) and 599 mild cognitively impaired (MCI) individuals. We first investigated whether PHS can predict CSF or PET amyloid and tau deposition. We evaluated differences in positive and negative predictive values of biomarker status, as a function of PHS risk. Next, we used linear mixed-effects (LME) to examine if PHS and biomarker status in conjunction, best predict longitudinal cognitive and clinical progression. Lastly, we used survival analysis to investigate whether a combination of PHS and biomarker positivity predicts progression to AD dementia better than using PHS or biomarker positivity alone.nnFindingsIn CN and MCI individuals, we found that amyloid and total tau positivity systematically varies as a function of PHS. For individuals in greater than the 50th percentile PHS, the positive predictive value for amyloid approached 100%. Similarly, for individuals in less than the 25th percentile PHS, the negative predictive value for total tau approached 85%. Beyond APOE, high PHS individuals with amyloid and tau pathology showed the fastest rate of longitudinal cognitive decline and time to AD dementia progression. Among the CN subgroup, we similarly found that PHS was strongly associated with amyloid positivity and the combination of PHS and biomarker status significantly predicted longitudinal clinical progression.nnInterpretationAmong asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic older individuals, PHS considerably improves the predictive value of CSF or PET amyloid and tau biomarkers. Beyond APOE, PHS may be useful for risk stratification and cohort enrichment for MCI and preclinical AD therapeutic trials.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tan, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mormino, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugrue, L. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Broce, I. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hess, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dillion, W. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonham, L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yokoyama, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karch, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brewer, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rabinovici, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schellenberg, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kauppi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feldman, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holland, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McEvoy, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyman, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desikan, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/165373</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Polygenic hazard score: an enrichment marker for Alzheimer’s associated amyloid and tau deposition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/167841v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Optogenetic silencing of primary afferents reduces evoked and ongoing bladder pain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/167841v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Patients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) suffer from chronic pain that severely affects quality of life. Although the underlying pathophysiology is not well understood, inhibition of bladder sensory afferents temporarily relieves pain. Here, we explored the possibility that optogenetic inhibition of bladder sensory afferents could be used to modulate bladder pain. Specifically, we chose to study the role of Nav1.8+ sensory afferents before and after induction of a mouse model of bladder pain. The light-activated inhibitory proton pump Archaerhodopsin (Arch) was expressed under control of the Nav1.8+ promoter to selectively silence these neurons. Optically silencing Nav1.8+ afferents significantly blunted the evoked visceromotor response to bladder distension and led to small but significant changes in bladder function. To study of the role of these fibers in freely behaving mice, we developed a fully implantable, flexible, wirelessly powered optoelectronic system for the long-term manipulation of bladder afferent expressed opsins. We found that optogenetic inhibition of Nav1.8+ fibers reduced both ongoing pain and evoked cutaneous hypersensitivity in the context of cystitis, but had no effect in uninjured, naive mice. These results suggest that selective optogenetic silencing of bladder afferents may represent a potential future therapeutic strategy for the treatment of bladder pain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Samineni, V. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mickle, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grajales-Reyes, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pullen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crawford, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noh, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gereau, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vogt, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gereau, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/167841</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Optogenetic silencing of primary afferents reduces evoked and ongoing bladder pain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/168302v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mapping Movement, Mood, Motivation, and Mentation in the Subthalamic Nucleus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/168302v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The anatomical connections of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) have driven hypotheses about its functional anatomy, including the hypothesis that the precise anatomical location of STN deep brain stimulation (DBS) determines the variability of motor and non-motor responses across Parkinson disease (PD) patients. We previously tested that hypothesis using a three-dimensional (3D) statistical method to interpret the acute effects of unilateral DBS at each patients clinically optimized DBS settings and active contact. Here we report a similar analysis from a new study in which DBS parameters were standardized and DBS locations were chosen blind to clinical response. In 74 individuals with PD and STN DBS, STN contacts were selected near the dorsal and ventral border of the STN contralateral to the more affected side of the body. Participants were tested off PD medications in each of 3 conditions (ventral STN DBS, dorsal STN DBS and DBS off) for acute effects on mood, apathy, working memory, response inhibition and motor function. Voltage, frequency, and pulse width were standardized, and participants and raters were blind to condition. In a categorical analysis, both dorsal and ventral STN DBS improved mean motor function without affecting cognitive measures. Dorsal STN DBS induced greater improvement in rigidity than ventral STN DBS, whereas ventral STN DBS was more effective for improving anxiety and mood. In the 3D analysis, contact location was significant only for bradykinesia and resting tremor, with the greatest improvement occurring with DBS in dorsal STN and zona incerta. These results provide new, direct functional evidence for the anatomically-derived model of STN using the novel 3D analysis, in which motor function is most represented in dorsal STN. However, our data suggest that functional segregation between motor and non-motor areas of the STN is limited, since locations that induced improvements in motor function and mood overlapped substantially.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gourisankar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eisenstein, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trapp, N. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koller, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ushe, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perlmutter, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hershey, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Black, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-07-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/168302</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mapping Movement, Mood, Motivation, and Mentation in the Subthalamic Nucleus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-07-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/170993v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bioinformatics Core Competencies for Undergraduate Life Sciences Education 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/170993v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bioinformatics is becoming increasingly central to research in the life sciences. However, despite its importance, bioinformatics skills and knowledge are not well integrated in undergraduate biology education. This curricular gap prevents biology students from harnessing the full potential of their education, limiting their career opportunities and slowing genomic research innovation. To advance the integration of bioinformatics into life sciences education, a framework of core bioinformatics competencies is needed. To that end, we here report the results of a survey of life sciences faculty in the United States about teaching bioinformatics to undergraduate life scientists. Responses were received from 1,260 faculty representing institutions in all fifty states with a combined capacity to educate hundreds of thousands of students every year. Results indicate strong, widespread agreement that bioinformatics knowledge and skills are critical for undergraduate life scientists, as well as considerable agreement about which skills are necessary. Perceptions of the importance of some skills varied with the respondents degree of training, time since degree earned, and/or the Carnegie classification of the respondents institution. To assess which skills are currently being taught, we analyzed syllabi of courses with bioinformatics content submitted by survey respondents. Finally, we used the survey results, the analysis of syllabi, and our collective research and teaching expertise to develop a set of bioinformatics core competencies for undergraduate life sciences students. These core competencies are intended to serve as a guide for institutions as they work to integrate bioinformatics into their life sciences curricula.nnSignificance StatementBioinformatics, an interdisciplinary field that uses techniques from computer science and mathematics to store, manage, and analyze biological data, is becoming increasingly central to modern biology research. Given the widespread use of bioinformatics and its impacts on societal problem-solving (e.g., in healthcare, agriculture, and natural resources management), there is a growing need for the integration of bioinformatics competencies into undergraduate life sciences education. Here, we present a set of bioinformatics core competencies for undergraduate life scientists developed using the results of a large national survey and the expertise of our working group of bioinformaticians and educators. We also present results from the survey on the importance of bioinformatics skills and the current state of integration of bioinformatics into biology education.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wilson Sayres, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hauser, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sierk, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenwald, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Triplett, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dinsdale, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morgan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burnette, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donovan, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drew, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elgin, S. C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fowlks, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galindo-Gonzalez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodman, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grandgenett, N. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goller, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jungck, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newman, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pearson, W. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryder, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tosado-Acevedo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tapprich, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tobin, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toro-Martinez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welch, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ebenbach, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olney, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McWilliams, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pauley, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/170993</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bioinformatics Core Competencies for Undergraduate Life Sciences Education]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/173302v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Indole-3-Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase-dependent Auxin Synthesis Contributes to Virulence of Pseudomonas syringae Strain DC3000 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/173302v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae modulates plant hormone signaling to promote infection and disease development. P. syringae uses several strategies to manipulate auxin physiology in Arabidopsis thaliana to promote pathogenesis, including synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the predominant form of auxin in plants, and production of virulence factors that alter auxin responses in the host; however, the role of pathogen-derived auxin in P. syringae pathogenesis is not well understood. Here we demonstrate that P. syringae strain DC3000 produces IAA via a previously uncharacterized pathway and identify a novel indole-3-acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, AldA, that functions in IAA biosynthesis by catalyzing the NAD-dependent formation of IAA from indole-3-acetaldehyde (IAAld). Biochemical analysis and solving of the 1.9 [A] resolution x-ray crystal structure reveal key features of AldA for IAA synthesis, including the molecular basis of substrate specificity. Disruption of aldA and a close homolog, aldB, lead to reduced IAA production in culture and reduced virulence on A. thaliana. We use these mutants to explore the mechanism by which pathogen-derived auxin contributes to virulence and show that IAA produced by DC3000 suppresses salicylic acid-mediated defenses in A. thaliana. Thus, auxin is a DC3000 virulence factor that promotes pathogenicity by suppressing host defenses.nnAuthor SummaryPathogens have evolved multiple strategies for suppressing host defenses and modulating host physiology to promote colonization and disease development. For example, the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae uses several strategies to the manipulate hormone signaling of its hosts, including production of virulence factors that alter hormone responses in and synthesis of plant hormones or hormone mimics. Synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a common form of the plant hormone auxin, by many plant pathogens has been implicated in virulence. However, the role of pathogen-derived IAA during pathogenesis by leaf spotting pathogens such as P. syringae strain DC3000 is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that P. syringae strain DC3000 uses a previously uncharacterized biochemical pathway to synthesize IAA, catalyzed by a novel aldehyde dehydrogenase, AldA, and carry out biochemical and structural studies of the AldA protein to investigate AldA activity and substrate specificity. We also generate an aldA mutant disrupted in IAA synthesis to show that IAA is a DC3000 virulence factor that promotes pathogenesis by suppressing host defense responses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McClerklin, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nwumeh, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jez, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kunkel, B. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/173302</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Indole-3-Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase-dependent Auxin Synthesis Contributes to Virulence of Pseudomonas syringae Strain DC3000]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/176222v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A nutrient-dependent division antagonist is regulated post-translationally by the Clp proteases in Bacillus subtilis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/176222v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Changes in nutrient availability have dramatic and well-defined impacts on both transcription and translation in bacterial cells. At the same time, the role of post-translational control in adaptation to nutrient-poor environments is poorly understood. Here we report a role for the bacterial Clp proteases in degradation of the division inhibitor UgtP during growth in nutrient-poor medium. Under nutrient-rich conditions, interactions with its substrate UDP-glucose promote interactions between UgtP and the tubulin-like cell division protein FtsZ in Bacillus subtilis, inhibiting maturation of the cytokinetic ring and increasing cell size. In nutrient-poor medium, reductions in UDP-glucose availability favor UgtP oligomerization, sequestering it from FtsZ and allowing division to occur at a smaller cell mass. Intriguingly, in nutrient-poor conditions UgtP levels are reduced [~] 3-fold independent of UDP-glucose, suggesting an additional layer of regulation. B. subtilis cells cultured under different nutrient conditions indicate that UgtP accumulation is controlled through a nutrient-dependent post-translational mechanism dependent on the Clp proteases. Notably, all three B. subtilis Clp chaperones appeared able to target UgtP for degradation during growth in nutrient-poor conditions. Together these findings highlight conditional proteolysis as a mechanism for bacterial adaptation to a rapidly changing nutritional landscape.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hill, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuke, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buske, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chien, A.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levin, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/176222</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A nutrient-dependent division antagonist is regulated post-translationally by the Clp proteases in Bacillus subtilis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/179663v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tadpole-like conformations of huntingtin exon 1 with expanded polyglutamine engenders novel interactions in cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/179663v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Soluble huntingtin exon 1 (Httex1) with expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) engenders neurotoxicity in Huntingtons disease. To uncover the physical basis of this toxicity, we performed structural studies of soluble Httex1 for wild type and mutant polyQ lengths. Nuclear magnetic resonance experiments show evidence for conformational rigidity across the polyQ region. In contrast, hydrogen-deuterium exchange shows absence of backbone amide protection, suggesting negligible persistence of hydrogen bonds. The seemingly conflicting results are explained by all-atom simulations, which show that Httex1 adopts tadpole-like structures with a globular head encompassing the N-terminal amphipathic and polyQ regions and the tail encompassing the C-terminal proline-rich region. The surface area of the globular domain increases monotonically with polyQ length. This stimulates sharp increases in gain-of-function interactions in cells for expanded polyQ, and one of these interactions is with the stress-granule protein Fus. Our results highlight plausible connections between Httex1 structure and routes to neurotoxicity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Newcombe, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruff, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sethi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ormsby, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramdzan, Y. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fox, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Purcell, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gooley, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatters, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/179663</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tadpole-like conformations of huntingtin exon 1 with expanded polyglutamine engenders novel interactions in cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/181693v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CXCR4 involvement in neurodegenerative diseases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/181693v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurodegenerative diseases likely share common underlying pathobiology. Although prior work has identified susceptibility loci associated with various dementias, few, if any, studies have systematically evaluated shared genetic risk across several neurodegenerative diseases. Using genome-wide association data from large studies (total n = 82,337 cases and controls), we utilized a previously validated approach to identify genetic overlap and reveal common pathways between progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Parkinsons disease (PD) and Alzheimers disease (AD). In addition to the MAPT H1 haplotype, we identified a variant near the chemokine receptor CXCR4 that was jointly associated with increased risk for PSP and PD. Using bioinformatics tools, we found strong physical interactions between CXCR4 and four microglia related genes, namely CXCL12, TLR2, RALB and CCR5. Evaluating gene expression from post-mortem brain tissue, we found that expression of CXCR4 and microglial genes functionally related to CXCR4 was dysregulated across a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, in a mouse model of tauopathy, expression of CXCR4 and functionally associated genes was significantly altered in regions of the mouse brain that accumulate neurofibrillary tangles most robustly. Beyond MAPT, we show dysregulation of CXCR4 expression in PSP, PD, and FTD brains, and mouse models of tau pathology. Our multi-modal findings suggest that abnormal signaling across a  network of microglial genes may contribute to neurodegeneration and may have potential implications for clinical trials targeting immune dysfunction in patients with neurodegenerative diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bonham, L</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karch, C</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, C</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geier, E</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, N</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Broce, I</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barkovich, M</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrari, R</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hardy, J</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Momeni, P</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Höeglinger, G</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Müller, U</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hess, C</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugrue, L</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dillon, W</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schellenberg, G</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, B</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barkovich, A</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yokoyama, J</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desikan, R</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/181693</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CXCR4 involvement in neurodegenerative diseases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/183822v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Raspberry Pi Powered Imaging for Plant Phenotyping 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/183822v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LIPremise of the study: Image-based phenomics is a powerful approach to capture and quantify plant diversity. However, commercial platforms that make consistent image acquisition easy are often cost-prohibitive. To make high-throughput phenotyping methods more accessible, low-cost microcomputers and cameras can be used to acquire plant image data.nC_LIO_LIMethods and Results: We used low-cost Raspberry Pi computers and cameras to manage and capture plant image data. Detailed here are three different applications of Raspberry Pi controlled imaging platforms for seed and shoot imaging. Images obtained from each platform were suitable for extracting quantifiable plant traits (shape, area, height, color) en masse using open-source image processing software such as PlantCV.nC_LIO_LIConclusion: This protocol describes three low-cost platforms for image acquisition that are useful for quantifying plant diversity. When coupled with open-source image processing tools, these imaging platforms provide viable low-cost solutions for incorporating high-throughput phenomics into a wide range of research programs.nC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tovar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoyer, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tielking, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Callen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castillo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tessman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fahlgren, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrington, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nusinow, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gehan, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/183822</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Raspberry Pi Powered Imaging for Plant Phenotyping]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/185389v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic patterns of cortical expansion during folding of the preterm human brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/185389v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During the third trimester of human brain development, the cerebral cortex undergoes dramatic surface expansion and folding. Physical models suggest that relatively rapid growth of the cortical gray matter helps drive this folding, and structural data suggests that growth may vary in both space (by region on the cortical surface) and time. In this study, we propose a new method to estimate local growth from sequential cortical reconstructions. Using anatomically-constrained Multimodal Surface Matching (aMSM), we obtain accurate, physically-guided point correspondence between younger and older cortical reconstructions of the same individual. From each pair of surfaces, we calculate continuous, smooth maps of cortical expansion with unprecedented precision. By considering 30 preterm infants scanned 2-4 times during the period of rapid cortical expansion (28 to 38 weeks postmenstrual age), we observe significant regional differences in growth across the cortical surface that are consistent with patterns of active folding. Furthermore, these growth patterns shift over the course of development, with non-injured subjects following a highly consistent trajectory. This information provides a detailed picture of dynamic changes in cortical growth, connecting what is known about patterns of development at the microscopic (cellular) and macroscopic (folding) scales. Since our method provides specific growth maps for individual brains, we are also able to detect alterations due to injury. This fully-automated surface analysis, based on tools freely available to the brain mapping community, may also serve as a useful approach for future studies of abnormal growth due to genetic disorders, injury, or other environmental variables.nnSignificance StatementThe human brain exhibits complex folding patterns that emerge during the third trimester of fetal development. Minor folds are quasi-randomly shaped and distributed. Major folds, in contrast, are more conserved and form important landmarks. Disruption of cortical folding is associated with devastating disorders of cognition and emotion. Despite decades of study, the processes that produce normal and abnormal folding remain unresolved, although the relatively rapid tangential expansion of the cortex has emerged as a driving factor. Accurate and precise measurement of cortical growth patterns during the period of folding has remained elusive. Here, we illuminate the spatiotemporal dynamics of cortical expansion by analyzing MRI-derived surfaces of preterm infant brains, using a novel strain energy minimization approach.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Garcia, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexopoulos, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dierker, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glasser, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coalson, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ortinau, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rueckert, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taber, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Essen, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smyser, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bayly, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/185389</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic patterns of cortical expansion during folding of the preterm human brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/187377v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Precision genome-editing with CRISPR/Cas9 in human induced pluripotent stem cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/187377v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome engineering in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represent an opportunity to examine the contribution of pathogenic and disease modifying alleles to molecular and cellular phenotypes. However, the practical application of genome-editing approaches in human iPSCs has been challenging. We have developed a precise and efficient genome-editing platform that relies on allele-specific guideRNAs (gRNAs) paired with a robust method for culturing and screening the modified iPSC clones. By applying an allele-specific gRNA design strategy, we have demonstrated greatly improved editing efficiency without the introduction of additional modifications of unknown consequence in the genome. Using this approach, we have modified nine independent iPSC lines at five loci associated with neurodegeneration. This genome-editing platform allows for efficient and precise production of isogenic cell lines for disease modeling. Because the impact of CRISPR/Cas9 on off-target sites remains poorly understood, we went on to perform thorough off-target profiling by comparing the mutational burden in edited iPSC lines using whole genome sequencing. The bioinformatically predicted off-target sites were unmodified in all edited iPSC lines. We also found that the numbers of de novo genetic variants detected in the edited and unedited iPSC lines were similar. Thus, our CRISPR/Cas9 strategy does not specifically increase the mutational burden. Furthermore, our analyses of the de novo genetic variants that occur during iPSC culture and genome-editing indicate an enrichment of de novo variants at sites identified in dbSNP. Taken together, we propose that this enrichment represents regions of the genome more susceptible to mutation. Herein, we present an efficient and precise method for allele-specific genome-editing in iPSC and an analyses pipeline to distinguish off-target events from de novo mutations occurring with culture.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Budde, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coppola, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goate, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cruchaga, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karch, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/187377</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Precision genome-editing with CRISPR/Cas9 in human induced pluripotent stem cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/188011v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic contrast enhancement and flexible odor codes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/188011v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sensory stimuli evoke spiking activities patterned across neurons and time that are hypothesized to encode information about their identity. Since the same stimulus can be encountered in a multitude of ways, how stable or flexible are these stimulus-evoked responses? Here, we examined this issue in the locust olfactory system. In the antennal lobe, we found that both spatial and temporal features of odor-evoked responses varied in a stimulus-history dependent manner. The response variations were not random, but allowed the antennal lobe circuit to enhance the uniqueness of the current stimulus. Nevertheless, information about the odorant identity became confounded due to this contrast-enhancement computation. Notably, a linear logical classifier (OR-of-ANDs) that can decode information distributed in flexible subsets of neurons generated predictions that matched results from our behavioral experiments. In sum, our results reveal a simple computational logic for achieving the stability vs. flexibility tradeoff in sensory coding.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nizampatnam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saha, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandak, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/188011</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic contrast enhancement and flexible odor codes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/191585v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comprehensive analysis of central carbon metabolism reveals multiple connections between nutrients, biosynthetic capacity, and cell morphology in Escherichia coli 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/191585v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacterial morphology is a complex trait that is highly sensitive to changes in the environment. For heterotrophic organisms, such as Escherichia coli, increases in nutrient levels are frequently accompanied by several-fold increases in both size and growth rate. Despite the dramatic nature of these changes, how alterations in nutrient availability translate into changes in growth and morphology remains a largely open question. To understand the signaling networks coupling nutrient availability with size and shape, we examined the impact of deletions in the entirety of non-essential central carbon metabolic genes on E. coli growth rate and cell size. Our data reveal the presence of multiple metabolic nodes that play important yet distinctive roles in shaping the cell. Consistent with recent work from our lab and others, although both are sensitive to nutrient availability, size and growth rate vary independently. Cell width and length also appear to be independent phenomena, influenced by different aspects of central carbon metabolism. These findings highlight the diversity of factors that can impact cell morphology and provide a foundation for further studies.nnAuthor summaryOften taken for granted, the shape of bacterial cells is a complex trait that is highly sensitive to environmental perturbations. Nutrients in particular, strongly impact bacterial morphology together with growth rate. The ubiquitous, rod-shaped bacteria Escherichia coli increases both length and width several fold upon a shift from nutrient poor to nutrient rich medium, a change accompanied by an equally dramatic increase in growth rate. Central carbon metabolism is an obvious site for the integration of nutrient dependent signals that dictate cell size and shape. To develop a clearer picture of the molecular mechanisms coupling nutrient assimilation with cell growth and morphology, we screened the entirety of nonessential carbon metabolic genes for their contribution to growth rate and cell shape. Our data reveal the presence of multiple regulatory circuits coordinating different metabolic pathways with specific aspects of cell growth and morphology. Together, these data firmly establish a role for central carbon metabolism as an environmentally sensitive sculptor of bacterial cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Westfall, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/191585</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comprehensive analysis of central carbon metabolism reveals multiple connections between nutrients, biosynthetic capacity, and cell morphology in Escherichia coli]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/194829v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural coding of fine-grained object knowledge in perirhinal cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/194829v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryOver 40 years of research has examined the role of the ventral visual stream in transforming retinal inputs into high-level representations of object identity [1-6]. However, there remains an ongoing debate over the role of the ventral stream in coding abstract semantic content, which relies on stored knowledge, versus perceptual content that relies only on retinal inputs [7-12]. A major difficulty in adjudicating between these mechanisms is that the semantic similarity of objects is often highly confounded with their perceptual similarity (e.g., animate things are more perceptually similar to other animate things than to inanimate things). To address this problem, we developed a paradigm that exploits the statistical regularities of object colors while perfectly controlling for perceptual shape information, allowing us to dissociate lower-level perceptual features (i.e., color perception) from higher-level semantic knowledge (i.e., color meaning). Using multivoxel-pattern analyses of fMRI data, we observed a striking double dissociation between the processing of color information at a perceptual and at a semantic level along the posterior to anterior axis of the ventral visual pathway. Specifically, we found that the visual association region V4 assigned similar representations to objects with similar colors, regardless of object category. In contrast, perirhinal cortex, at the apex of the ventral visual stream, assigned similar representations to semantically similar objects, even when this was in opposition to their perceptual similarity. These findings suggest that perirhinal cortex untangles the representational space of lower-level perceptual features and organizes visual objects according to their semantic interpretations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Price, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonner, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peelle, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grossman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/194829</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural coding of fine-grained object knowledge in perirhinal cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/197616v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Native and engineered clifednamide biosynthesis in multiple Streptomyces spp. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/197616v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Polycyclic tetramate macrolactam (PTM) natural products are produced by actinomycetes and other bacteria. PTMs are often bioactive, and the simplicity of their biosynthetic clusters make them attractive for bioengineering. Clifednamide-type PTMs from Streptomyces sp. JV178 contain a distinctive ketone group, suggesting the existence of a novel PTM oxidizing enzyme. Here, we report the new cytochrome P450 enzyme (CftA) is required for clifednamide production. Genome mining was used to identify several new clifednamide producers, some having improved clifednamide yields. Using a parallel synthetic biology approach, CftA isozymes were used to engineer the ikarugamycin pathway of Streptomyces sp. NRRL F-2890 to yield clifednamides. Further, we observed that strong CftA expression leads to the production of a new PTM, clifednamide C. We demonstrate the utility of both genome mining and synthetic biology to rapidly increase clifednamide production and identify a PTM tailoring enzyme for rational molecule design.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blodgett, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/197616</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Native and engineered clifednamide biosynthesis in multiple Streptomyces spp.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.12.874628v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sleep-drive reprograms clock neuronal identity through CREB-binding protein induced PDFR expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.12.874628v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuronal circuits can be re-modeled by Hebbian plasticity, synaptic scaling and, under some circumstances, activity-dependent respecification of cell-surface receptors. Although the impact of sleep on Hebbian plasticity and synaptic scaling are well studied, sleeps role in receptor respecification remains unclear. We demonstrate that high sleep-pressure quickly reprograms the Drosophila wake-promoting large-ventrolateral clock-neurons to express the Pigment Dispersing Factor receptor. The addition of this signaling input into the circuit is associated with increased waking and early mating success. The respecification of Pigment Dispersing Factor receptor in both young and adult large ventrolateral neurons requires two dopamine receptors and activation of the transcriptional regulator nejire (CREB-binding protein). These data identify receptor-respecification as an important mechanism to sculpt circuit function to match sleep levels with demand.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Klose, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaw, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.12.874628</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sleep-drive reprograms clock neuronal identity through CREB-binding protein induced PDFR expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.13.875112v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systems analysis of blood transcriptomes in dementia patients reveals an innate immune response shared across disorders 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.13.875112v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The role of peripheral inflammation in dementia is an important but complex topic. We present here the largest cohort of peripheral blood gene expression data ever assembled from patients with dementia and matching controls. Importantly, this cohort includes individuals from a diverse set of dementia disorders, including Alzheimers Disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and multiple disorders within the frontotemporal dementia (FTD) spectrum. We found strong transcriptional evidence of an innate immune inflammatory response, mediated by monocytes and neutrophils, in AD, MCI, and two FTD subtypes, PSP and nfvPPA. This transcriptional inflammatory response is enriched for genetic risk for AD, in part because it is also enriched for microglial genes, which have previously been implicated in AD risk. Finally, we show that this transcriptional response is strongly enriched for binding of the transcription factors PU.1 and RELA, which have previously been linked to AD risk and progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nachun, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramos, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karydas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dokuru, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Berlo, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sears, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kramer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boxer, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosen, H. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coppola, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.13.875112</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systems analysis of blood transcriptomes in dementia patients reveals an innate immune response shared across disorders]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.16.878264v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural dynamics of isolated myosin motor domains encode differences in their mechanochemical cycles 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.16.878264v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Myosin motor domains perform an extraordinary diversity of biological functions despite sharing a common mechanochemical cycle. Motors are adapted to their function, in part, by tuning the thermodynamics and kinetics of steps in this cycle. However, it remains unclear how sequence encodes these differences, since biochemically distinct motors often have nearly indistinguishable crystal structures. We hypothesized that sequences produce distinct biochemical phenotypes by modulating the relative probabilities of an ensemble of conformations primed for different functional roles. To test this hypothesis, we modeled the distribution of conformations for twelve myosin motor domains by building Markov state models (MSMs) from an unprecedented two milliseconds of all-atom, explicit-solvent molecular dynamics simulations. Comparing motors reveals shifts in the balance between nucleotide-favorable and nucleotide-unfavorable P-loop conformations that predict experimentally-measured duty ratios and ADP release rates better than sequence or individual structures. This result demonstrates the power of an ensemble perspective for interrogating sequence-function relationships.

Subject AreasBiochemistry and Chemical Biology, Structural Biology and Molecular Physics
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Porter, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meller, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmerman, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenberg, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.16.878264</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural dynamics of isolated myosin motor domains encode differences in their mechanochemical cycles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.21.886101v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Population Responses Represent Vocalization Identity, Intensity, and Signal-to-Noise Ratio in Primary Auditory Cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.21.886101v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ability to process speech signals under challenging listening environments is critical for speech perception. Great efforts have been made to reveal the underlying single unit encoding mechanism. However, big variability is usually discovered in single-unit responses, and the population coding mechanism is yet to be revealed. In this study, we are aimed to study how a population of neurons encodes behaviorally relevant signals subjective to change in intensity and signal-noise-ratio (SNR). We recorded single-unit activity from the primary auditory cortex of awake common marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) while delivering conspecific vocalizations degraded by two different background noises: broadband white noise (WGN) and vocalization babble (Babble). By pooling all single units together, the pseudo-population analysis showed the population neural responses track intra- and inter-trajectory angle evolutions track vocalization identity and intensity/SNR, respectively. The ability of the trajectory to track the vocalizations attribute was degraded to a different degree by different noises. Discrimination of neural populations evaluated by neural response classifiers revealed that a finer optimal temporal resolution and longer time scale of temporal dynamics were needed for vocalizations in noise than vocalizations at multiple different intensities. The ability of population responses to discriminate between different vocalizations were mostly retained above the detection threshold.

Significance StatementHow our brain excels in the challenge of precise acoustic signal encoding against noisy environment is of great interest for scientists. Relatively few studies have strived to tackle this mystery from the perspective of neural population responses. Population analysis reveals the underlying neural encoding mechanism of complex acoustic stimuli based upon a pool of single units via vector coding. We suggest the spatial population response vectors as one important way for neurons to integrate multiple attributes of natural acoustic signals, specifically, marmots vocalizations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ni, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bender, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbour, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.21.886101</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Population Responses Represent Vocalization Identity, Intensity, and Signal-to-Noise Ratio in Primary Auditory Cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.29.881581v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dual role of auxin in regulating plant defense and bacterial virulence gene expression during Pseudomonas syringae PtoDC3000 pathogenesis. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.29.881581v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Modification of host hormone biology is a common strategy used by plant pathogens to promote disease. For example, the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae strain PtoDC3000 produces the plant hormone auxin (Indole-3-acetic acid, or IAA) to promote PtoDC3000 growth in plant tissue. Previous studies suggest that auxin may promote PtoDC3000 pathogenesis through multiple mechanisms, including both suppression of salicylic acid (SA)-mediated host defenses and via an unknown mechanism that appears to be independent of SA. To test if host auxin signaling is important during pathogenesis, we took advantage of Arabidopsis thaliana lines impaired in either auxin signaling or perception. We found that disruption of auxin signaling in plants expressing an inducible dominant axr2-1 mutation resulted in decreased bacterial growth, demonstrating that host auxin signaling is required for normal susceptibility to PtoDC3000, and this phenotype was dependent on SA-mediated defenses. However, despite exhibiting decreased auxin perception, tir1 afb1 afb4 afb5 quadruple mutant plants lacking four of the six known auxin co-receptors supported increased levels of bacterial growth. This mutant also exhibited elevated IAA levels, suggesting that the increased IAA in these plants may promote PtoDC3000 growth independent of host auxin signaling, perhaps through a direct effect on the pathogen. In support of this, we found that IAA directly impacted the pathogen, by modulating expression of bacterial virulence genes, both in liquid culture and in planta. Thus, in addition to suppressing host defenses, IAA acts as a microbial signaling molecule that regulates bacterial virulence gene expression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Djami-Tchatchou, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harrison, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harper, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prigge, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Estelle, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kunkel, B. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.29.881581</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dual role of auxin in regulating plant defense and bacterial virulence gene expression during Pseudomonas syringae PtoDC3000 pathogenesis.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/201905v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Geometric Classification of Brain Network Dynamics via Donic Derivative Discriminants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/201905v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Over the past decade, pattern decoding techniques have granted neuroscientists improved anatomical specificity in mapping neural representations associated with function and cognition. Dynamical patterns are of particular interest, as evidenced by the proliferation and success of frequency domain methods that reveal structured spatiotemporal rhythmic brain activity. One drawback of such approaches, however, is the need to estimate spectral power, which limits the temporal resolution of classification. We propose an alternative method that enables classification of dynamical patterns with high temporal fidelity. The key feature of the method is a conversion of time-series into their temporal derivatives. By doing so, dynamically-coded information may be revealed in terms of geometric patterns in the phase space of the derivative signal. We derive a geometric classifier for this problem which simplifies into a straightforward calculation in terms of covariances. We demonstrate the relative advantages and disadvantages of the technique with simulated data and benchmark its performance with an EEG dataset of covert spatial attention. By mapping the weights anatomically we reveal a retinotopic organization of covert spatial attention. We especially highlight the ability of the method to provide strong group-level classification performance compared to existing benchmarks, while providing information that is synergistic to classical spectral-based techniques. The robustness and sensitivity of the method to noise is also examined relative to spectral-based techniques. The proposed classification technique enables decoding of dynamic patterns with high temporal resolution, performs favorably to benchmark methods, and facilitates anatomical inference.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Singh, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braver, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ching, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/201905</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Geometric Classification of Brain Network Dynamics via Donic Derivative Discriminants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/201939v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Memory Guides the Comprehension of Event Changes for Older and Younger Adults 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/201939v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Two experiments examined adult age differences in the use of memory to comprehend changes in everyday activities. Participants viewed movies depicting an actor performing activities on two fictive days in her life. Some activities were repeated across days, other activities were repeated with a changed feature (e.g., waking up to an alarm clock or a phone alarm), and a final set of activities was performed on Day 2 only. After a one-week delay, participants completed a cued recall test for the activities of Day 2. Unsurprisingly, exact repetition boosted final recall. More surprising, features that changed from Day 1 to Day 2 were remembered approximately as well as features that were only presented on Day 2--showing an absence of proactive interference and in some cases proactive facilitation. Proactive facilitation was strongly related to participants ability to detect and recollect the changes. Younger adults detected and recollected more changes than older adults, which in part explained older adults differential deficit in memory for changed activity features. We propose that this pattern may reflect observers use of episodic memory to make predictions during the experience of a new activity, and that when predictions fail, this triggers processing that benefits subsequent episodic memory. Disruption of this chain of processing could play a role in age-related episodic memory deficits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wahlheim, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zacks, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/201939</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Memory Guides the Comprehension of Event Changes for Older and Younger Adults]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.02.892901v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
New analysis pipeline for high-throughput domain-peptide affinity experiments improves SH2 interactiondata 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.02.892901v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein domain interactions with short linear peptides, such as Src homology 2 (SH2) domain interactions with phosphotyrosine-containing peptide motifs (pTyr), are ubiquitous and important to many biochemical processes of the cell. The desire to map and quantify these interactions has resulted in the development of high-throughput (HTP) quantitative measurement techniques, such as microarray or fluorescence polarization assays. For example, in the last 15 years, experiments have progressed from measuring single interactions to covering 500,000 of the 5.5 million possible SH2-pTyr interactions in the human proteome. However, high variability in affinity measurements and disagreements about positive interactions between published datasets led us to re-evaluate the analysis methods and raw data of published SH2-pTyr HTP experiments. We identified several opportunities for improving the identification of positive and negative interactions, and the accuracy of affinity measurements. We implemented model fitting techniques that are more statistically appropriate for the non-linear SH2-pTyr interaction data. We developed a novel method to account for protein concentration errors due to impurities and degradation, as well as addressing protein inactivity and aggregation. Our revised analysis increases reported affinity accuracy, reduces the false negative rate, and results in an increase in useful data due to the addition of reliable true negative results. We demonstrate improvement in classification of binding vs non-binding when using machine learning techniques, suggesting improved coherence in the reanalyzed datasets. We present revised SH2-pTyr affinity results, and propose a new analysis pipeline for future HTP measurements of domain-peptide interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ronan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garnett, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naegle, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.02.892901</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[New analysis pipeline for high-throughput domain-peptide affinity experiments improves SH2 interactiondata]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.06.896258v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A new domestic cat genome assembly based on long sequence reads empowers feline genomic medicine and identifies a novel gene for dwarfism. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.06.896258v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The domestic cat (Felis catus) numbers over 94 million in the USA alone, occupies households as a companion animal, and, like humans, suffers from cancer and common and rare diseases. However, genome-wide sequence variant information is limited for this species. To empower trait analyses, a new cat genome reference assembly was developed from PacBio long sequence reads that significantly improve sequence representation and assembly contiguity. The whole genome sequences of 54 domestic cats were aligned to the reference to identify single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and structural variants (SVs). Across all cats, 16 SNVs predicted to have deleterious impacts and in a singleton state were identified as high priority candidates for causative mutations. One candidate was a stop gain in the tumor suppressor FBXW7. The SNV is found in cats segregating for feline mediastinal lymphoma and is a candidate for inherited cancer susceptibility. SV analysis revealed a complex deletion coupled with a nearby potential duplication event that was shared privately across three unrelated dwarfism cats and is found within a known dwarfism associated region on cat chromosome B1. This SV interrupted UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase (UGDH), a gene involved in the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans. Importantly, UGDH has not yet been associated with human dwarfism and should be screened in undiagnosed patients. The new high-quality cat genome reference and the compilation of sequence variation demonstrate the importance of these resources when searching for disease causative alleles in the domestic cat and for identification of feline biomedical models.

Author summaryThe practice of genomic medicine is predicated on the availability of a high quality reference genome and an understanding of the impact of genome variation. Such resources have lead to countless discoveries in humans, however by working exclusively within the framework of human genetics, our potential for understanding diseases biology is limited, as similar analyses in other species have often lead to novel insights. The generation of Felis_catus_9.0, a new high quality reference genome for the domestic cat, helps facilitate the expansion of genomic medicine into the felis lineage. Using Felis_catus_9.0 we analyze the landscape of genomic variation from a collection of 54 cats within the context of human gene constraint. The distribution of variant impacts in cats is correlated with patterns of gene constraint in humans, indicating the utility of this reference for identifying novel mutations that cause phenotypes relevant to human and cat health. Moreover, structural variant analysis revealed a novel variant for feline dwarfism in UGDH, a gene that has not been associated with dwarfism in any other species, suggesting a role for UGDH in cases of undiagnosed dwarfism in humans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Buckley, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brashear, W. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farias, F. H. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuroki, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graves, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hillier, L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kremitzki, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Middleton, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minx, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomlinson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyons, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warren, W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.06.896258</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A new domestic cat genome assembly based on long sequence reads empowers feline genomic medicine and identifies a novel gene for dwarfism.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.07.897140v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adult mice lacking VIP SCN neurons retain circadian locomotor behavior but exhibit dampened daily glucocorticoid rhythms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.07.897140v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) drives circadian rhythms in locomotion through coupled, single-cell oscillations. Global genetic deletion of the neuropeptide, Vip or its receptor Vipr2, results in profound deficits in daily synchrony among SCN cells and daily rhythms in locomotor behavior and glucocorticoid secretion. To test whether this phenotype depends on VIP neurons in the SCN, we ablated VIP SCN neurons in vivo in adult mice through Caspase3-mediated induction of the apoptotic pathway in cre-expressing VIP neurons. We found that ablation of VIP SCN neurons in adult mice caused a phenotype distinct from Vip- and Vipr2- null mice. Mice lacking VIP neurons retained rhythmic locomotor activity with a shortened circadian period, more variable onsets and decreased duration of daily activity. Circadian hormonal outputs, specifically corticosterone rhythms were severely dampened. In contrast, deletion of neonatal SCN VIP neurons dramatically reduced circadian gene expression in the cultured SCN, mimicking the effects of global deletion of Vip or Vipr2. These results suggest that SCN VIP neurons play a role in lengthening circadian period and stimulating the daily surge in glucocorticoids in adults and in synchronizing and sustaining daily rhythms among cells in the developing SCN.

Significance StatementThe importance of the neuropeptide, VIP, for circadian rhythms has been described in mice lacking the gene for Vip or its receptor, Vipr2. This study found that ablation of VIP neurons only in the adult SCN reproduced the loss of circadian rhythms in glucocorticoids, but not the loss of circadian locomotor behavior, seen with global loss of VIP signaling. We conclude that VIP SCN neurons play two roles: one in adulthood lengthening circadian period and regulating circadian outputs, and one in development coordinating synchrony among circadian cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mazuski, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herzog, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.07.897140</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adult mice lacking VIP SCN neurons retain circadian locomotor behavior but exhibit dampened daily glucocorticoid rhythms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.07.897702v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dose-Dependent Induction Of CPP Or CPA By Intra-pVTA Ethanol: Role Of Mu Opioid Receptors And Effects On NMDA Receptors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.07.897702v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The neurobiological mechanisms underlying alcohol motivational properties are still not fully understood, however, the mu-opioid receptors (MORs) have been evidenced as central elements in the manifestation of the alcohol reinforcing properties. Drug-associated environmental stimuli can trigger alcohol relapse and promote alcohol consumption whereby N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors play a pivotal role. Here we sought to demonstrate, for the first time, that ethanol induces conditioned place preference or aversion (CPP or CPA) when administered locally into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the associated role of MORs. We further analyzed the changes in the expression and mRNA levels of GluN1 and GluN2A subunits in designated brain areas. The expression of CPP or CPA was characterized following intra-VTA ethanol administration and we showed that either reinforcing (CPP) or aversive (CPA) properties are dependent on the dose administered (ranging here from 35 to 300 nmol). Furthermore, the critical contribution of local MORs in the acquisition of CPP was revealed by a selective antagonist, namely {beta}-Funaltrexamine. Finally, modifications of the expression of NMDA receptor subunits in the Nucleus Accumbens (NAc) and Hippocampus after ethanol-induced CPP were analyzed at the proteomic and transcriptomic levels by western blot and In Situ Hybridation RNAscope techniques, respectively. Results showed that the mRNA levels of GluN2A but not GluN1 in NAc are higher after ethanol CPP. These novel results pave the way for further characterisation of the mechanisms by which ethanol motivational properties are associated with learned environmental cues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Campos-Jurado, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marti-Prats, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moron, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polache, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Granero, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hipolito, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.07.897702</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dose-Dependent Induction Of CPP Or CPA By Intra-pVTA Ethanol: Role Of Mu Opioid Receptors And Effects On NMDA Receptors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.08.898908v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Gossypium longicalyx genome as a resource for cotton breeding and evolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.08.898908v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cotton is an important crop that has made significant gains in production over the last century. Emerging pests such as the reniform nematode have threatened cotton production. The rare African diploid species Gossypium longicalyx is a wild species that has been used as an important source of reniform nematode immunity. While mapping and breeding efforts have made some strides in transferring this immunity to the cultivated polyploid species, the complexities of interploidal transfer combined with substantial linkage drag have inhibited progress in this area. Moreover, this species shares its most recent common ancestor with the cultivated A-genome diploid cottons, thereby providing insight into the evolution of long, spinnable fiber. Here we report a newly generated de novo genome assembly of G. longicalyx. This high-quality genome leveraged a combination of PacBio long-read technology, Hi-C chromatin conformation capture, and BioNano optical mapping to achieve a chromosome level assembly. The utility of the G. longicalyx genome for understanding reniform immunity and fiber evolution is discussed.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Grover, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arick, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brase, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stelly, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmitz, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterson, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wendel, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Udall, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.08.898908</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Gossypium longicalyx genome as a resource for cotton breeding and evolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.10.893024v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Population sequencing data reveal a compendium of mutational processes in human germline 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.10.893024v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mechanistic processes underlying human germline mutations remain largely unknown. Variation in mutation rate and spectra along the genome is informative about the biological mechanisms. We statistically decompose this variation into separate processes using a blind source separation technique. The analysis of a large-scale whole genome sequencing dataset (TOPMed) reveals nine processes that explain the variation in mutation properties between loci. Seven of these processes lend themselves to a biological interpretation. One process is driven by bulky DNA lesions that resolve asymmetrically with respect to transcription and replication. Two processes independently track direction of replication fork and replication timing. We identify a mutagenic effect of active demethylation primarily acting in regulatory regions. We also demonstrate that a recently discovered mutagenic process specific to oocytes can be localized solely from population sequencing data. This process is spread across all chromosomes and is highly asymmetric with respect to the direction of transcription, suggesting a major role of DNA damage.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Seplyarskiy, V. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soldatov, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGinty, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldmann, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnes, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Correa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burchard, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellinor, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGarvey, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramachandran, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Redline, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silverman, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiss, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnett, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blangero, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boerwinkle, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montgomery, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rotter, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brody, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-D. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuentes, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwu, C.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rich, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manichaikul, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mychaleckyj, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kardia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peyser, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bielak, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Connor, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emery, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed),</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>TOPMed Population Genetics Working Group,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilissen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.10.893024</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Population sequencing data reveal a compendium of mutational processes in human germline]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.13.904011v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systems level profiling of arginine starvation reveals MYC and ERK adaptive metabolic reprogramming 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.13.904011v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Arginine auxotrophy due to the silencing of argininosuccinate synthetase 1 (ASS1) occurs in many cancers, especially sarcomas. Arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG20) therapy exploits this metabolic vulnerability by depleting extracellular arginine, causing arginine starvation. ASS1-negative cells develop resistance to ADI-PEG20 through a metabolic adaptation that includes re-expressing ASS1. As arginine-based multiagent therapies are being developed, further characterization of the changes induced by arginine starvation is needed. In order to develop a systems-level understanding of these changes, activity-based proteomic profiling (ABPP) and phosphoproteomic profiling were performed before and after ADI-PEG20 treatment in ADI-PEG20-sensitive and resistant sarcoma cells. When integrated with previous metabolomic profiling (Kremer et al, 2017a), this multi-omic analysis reveals that cellular response to arginine starvation is mediated by adaptive ERK signaling, driving a Myc-Max transcriptional network. Concomitantly, these data elucidate proteomic changes that facilitate oxaloacetate production by enhancing glutamine and pyruvate anaplerosis, and altering lipid metabolism to recycle citrate for oxidative glutaminolysis. Based on the complexity of metabolic and cellular signaling interactions, these multi-omic approaches could provide valuable tools for evaluating response to metabolically targeted therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brashears, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rathore, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schultze, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ehrhardt, W. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tzeng, S.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Tine, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Held, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.13.904011</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systems level profiling of arginine starvation reveals MYC and ERK adaptive metabolic reprogramming]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.14.906966v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
25-Hydroxycholesterol amplifies microglial IL-1β production in an apoE isoform-dependent manner 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.14.906966v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-wide association studies associated with Alzheimers disease (AD) have implicated pathways related to both lipid homeostasis and innate immunity in the pathophysiology of AD. However, the exact cellular and chemical mediators of neuroinflammation in AD remain poorly understood. The oxysterol 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC) is an important immunomodulator produced by peripheral macrophages with wide-ranging effects on cell signaling and innate immunity. Genetic variants of the enzyme responsible for 25-HC production, cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H), have been found to be associated with AD. In the present study, we found that the CH25H expression is upregulated in human AD brain tissue and in transgenic mouse brain tissue bearing amyloid-{beta} (A{beta}) plaques or tau pathology. Treatment with the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS) markedly upregulates CH25H expression in the mouse brain in vivo. LPS also stimulates CH25H expression and 25-HC secretion in cultured mouse primary microglia. We also found that LPS-induced microglial production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL1{beta} is markedly potentiated by 25-HC and attenuated by genetic deletion of CH25H. Microglia expressing apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4), a genetic risk factor for AD, produce greater amounts of 25-HC than apoE3-expressing microglia following treatment with LPS. Remarkably, treatment of microglia with 25-HC results in a much greater level of IL1{beta} secretion in LPS-activated apoE4-expressing microglia than in apoE2- or apoE3-expressing microglia. Blocking potassium efflux or inhibiting caspase-1 prevents 25-HC-potentiated IL1{beta} release in apoE4-expressing microglia, indicating the involvement of caspase-1/NLRP3 inflammasome activity. 25-HC may function as a microglial secreted inflammatory mediator in brain, promoting IL1{beta}-mediated neuroinflammation in an apoE isoform-dependent manner (E4>>E2/E3) and thus may be an important mediator of neuroinflammation in AD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wong, M. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doherty, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sullivan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Covey, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petsko, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holtzman, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.14.906966</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[25-Hydroxycholesterol amplifies microglial IL-1β production in an apoE isoform-dependent manner]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.22.915777v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-resolution transcriptional and morphogenetic profiling of cells from micropatterned human embryonic stem cell gastruloid cultures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.22.915777v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During mammalian gastrulation, germ layers arise and are shaped into the body plan while extraembryonic layers sustain the embryo. Human embryonic stem cells, cultured with BMP4 on extracellular matrix micro-discs, reproducibly differentiate into gastruloids, expressing markers of germ layers and extraembryonic cells with radial organization. Single-cell RNA sequencing and cross-species comparisons with mouse and cynomolgus monkey gastrulae suggest that gastruloids contain seven major cell types, including epiblast, ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm, and extraembryonic trophoblast- and amnion-like cells. Upon gastruloid dissociation, single cells reseeded onto micro-discs were motile and aggregated with the same but segregated from distinct cell types. Ectodermal cells segregated from endodermal and extraembryonic cells but mixed with mesodermal cells. Our work demonstrates that the gastruloid system supports primate-specific features of embryogenesis, and that gastruloid cells exhibit evolutionarily conserved sorting behaviors. This work generates a resource for transcriptomes of human extraembryonic and embryonic germ layers differentiated in a stereotyped arrangement.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Minn, K. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Y. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anastasio, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solnica-Krezel, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.22.915777</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-resolution transcriptional and morphogenetic profiling of cells from micropatterned human embryonic stem cell gastruloid cultures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.22.916122v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-molecule orientation localization microscopy for resolving structural heterogeneities within amyloid fibrils 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.22.916122v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Simultaneous measurements of single-molecule positions and orientations provide critical insight into a variety of biological and chemical processes. Various engineered point spread functions (PSFs) have been introduced for measuring the orientation and rotational diffusion of dipole-like emitters, but the widely used Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) only evaluates performance for one specific orientation at a time. Here, we report a performance metric, termed variance upper bound (VUB), that yields a global maximum CRB for all possible molecular orientations, thereby enabling the measurement performance of any PSF to be computed efficiently (~1000x faster than calculating average CRB). Our VUB reveals that the simple polarized standard PSF provides robust and precise orientation measurements if emitters are near a refractive index interface. Using this PSF, we measure the orientations and positions of Nile red (NR) molecules transiently bound to amyloid aggregates. Our super-resolved images reveal the main binding mode of NR on amyloid fiber surfaces, as well as structural heterogeneities along amyloid fibrillar networks, that cannot be resolved by single-molecule localization alone.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ding, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazidi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lew, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.22.916122</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-molecule orientation localization microscopy for resolving structural heterogeneities within amyloid fibrils]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.23.909457v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A new Spirodela polyrhiza genome and proteome reveal a conserved chromosomal structure with high abundances of proteins favoring energy production 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.23.909457v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Duckweeds are a monophyletic group of rapidly reproducing aquatic monocots in the Lemnaceae family. Spirodela polyrhiza, the Greater Duckweed, has the largest body plan yet the smallest genome size in the family (1C = 150 Mb). Given their clonal, exponentially fast reproduction, a key question is whether genome structure is conserved across the species in the absence of meiotic recombination. We generated a highly contiguous, chromosome-scale assembly of Spirodela polyrhiza line Sp7498 using Oxford Nanopore plus Hi-C scaffolding (Sp7498_HiC) which is highly syntenic with a related line (Sp9509). Both the Sp7498_HiC and Sp9509 genome assemblies reveal large chromosomal misorientations in a recent PacBio assembly of Sp7498, highlighting the necessity of orthogonal long-range scaffolding techniques like Hi-C and BioNano optical mapping. Shotgun proteomics of Sp7498 verified the expression of [~]2,250 proteins and revealed a high abundance of proteins involved in photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism among other functions. In addition, a strong increase in chloroplast proteins was observed that correlated to chloroplast density. This Sp7498_HiC genome was generated cheaply and quickly with a single Oxford Nanopore MinION flow cell and one Hi-C library in a classroom setting. Combining these data with a mass spectrometry-generated proteome illustrates the utility of duckweed as a model for genomics- and proteomics-based education.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Harkess, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McLoughlin, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bilkey, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elliott, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emenecker, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mattoon, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Czymmek, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vierstra, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyers, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.23.909457</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A new Spirodela polyrhiza genome and proteome reveal a conserved chromosomal structure with high abundances of proteins favoring energy production]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.25.919902v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TMEM184B controls pruriceptor specification and function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.25.919902v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nociceptive and pruriceptive neurons in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) convey sensations of pain and itch to the spinal cord, respectively. One subtype of mature DRG neurons, comprising about 5% of neurons in the ganglia, is responsible for sensing mediators of acute itch and atopic dermatitis, including the cytokine IL-31. How itch-sensitive (pruriceptive) neurons are specified is unclear. Here we show that Tmem184b, a gene with roles in axon degeneration and nerve terminal maintenance, is required for the expression of a large cohort of itch receptors, including those for IL-31, Leukotriene C4, and Histamine. Male and female mice lacking Tmem184b show reduced responses to IL-31, but maintain normal responses to pain and mechanical force, indicating a specific behavioral defect in pruriception. Calcium imaging experiments indicate that a reduction in IL-31 induced calcium entry is a likely contributor to this phenotype. We identify an early failure of proper Wnt-dependent transcriptional signatures and signaling components in Tmem184b mutant mice that may explain the improper DRG neuronal subtype specification. Accordingly, lentiviral re-expression of Tmem184b in mutant embryonic neurons restores Wnt signatures. Together, these data demonstrate that Tmem184b promotes adult somatosensation through developmental Wnt signaling and promotion of proper pruriceptive gene expression. Our data illuminate a new key regulatory step in the processes controlling the establishment of diversity in the somatosensory system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Larsen, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McBride, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manivannan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madura, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Verdugo, H. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jarvis, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khanna, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Largent-Milnes, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharya, M. R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.25.919902</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TMEM184B controls pruriceptor specification and function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.26.920132v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Non-invasive red-light optogenetic control of Drosophila cardiac function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.26.920132v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Drosophila is a powerful genetic model system for cardiovascular studies. Recently, optogenetic pacing tools have been developed to control Drosophila heart rhythm noninvasively with blue light, which has a limited penetration depth. Here we developed both a red-light sensitive opsin expressing Drosophila system and an integrated red-light stimulation and optical coherence microscopy (OCM) imaging system. We demonstrated noninvasive control of Drosophila cardiac rhythms, including simulated tachycardia in ReaChR-expressing flies and bradycardia and cardiac arrest in halorhodopsin (NpHR)-expressing flies at multiple developmental stages. By using red excitation light, we were able to pace flies at higher efficiency and with lower power than with equivalent blue light excitation systems. The recovery dynamics after red-light stimulation of NpHR flies were observed and quantified. The combination of red-light stimulation, OCM imaging, and transgenic Drosophila systems provides a promising and easily manipulated research platform for noninvasive cardiac optogenetic studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Men, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jerwick, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanzi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.26.920132</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Non-invasive red-light optogenetic control of Drosophila cardiac function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.28.919910v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sonogenetics for noninvasive and cellular-level neuromodulation in rodent brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.28.919910v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sonogenetics, which uses ultrasound to noninvasively control cells genetically modified with ultrasound-sensitive ion channels, can be a powerful tool for investigating intact brain circuits. Here we show that TRPV1 is an ultrasound-sensitive ion channel that can modify the activity of TRPV1-expressing cells in vitro when exposing to focused ultrasound. We also show that focused ultrasound exposure at the mouse brain in vivo can selectively activate neurons that are genetically modified to express TRPV1. We demonstrate that precise manipulation of neural activity via TRPV1-based sonogenetics can be achieved by spatiotemporal control of ultrasound-induced heating. The focused ultrasound exposure is safe based on our inspection of neuronal integrity, apoptosis, and inflammation markers. This sonogenetic tool enables noninvasive, cell-type specific, spatiotemporally controlled modulation of mammalian brain activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pacia, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baek, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yue, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Culver, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruchas, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.28.919910</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sonogenetics for noninvasive and cellular-level neuromodulation in rodent brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.28.922187v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Alterations in neuronal physiology, development, and function associated with a common duplication of chromosome 15 involving CHRNA7 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.28.922187v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundCopy number variants at chromosome 15q13.3 contribute to liability for multiple intellectual and developmental disabilities including Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Individuals with duplications of this interval, which includes the gene CHRNA7, have multiple psychiatric disorders with widely variable penetrance. However, the basis of such differential affectation remains uncharacterized.

MethodsInduced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) models were generated from two first degree relatives with the same 15q13.3 duplication, a boy with distinct features of autism and emotional dysregulation (the affected proband, AP) and his clinically unaffected mother (the UM). These models were compared to unrelated control subjects lacking this duplication (UC, male and female). iPSC-derived neural progenitors and cortical neuroids consisting of cortical excitatory and inhibitory neurons were used to model potential contributors to neuropsychiatric impairment.

ResultsThe AP-derived model uniquely exhibited disruptions of cellular physiology and neurodevelopment not observed in either the UM or the unrelated male and female controls. These included enhanced neural progenitor proliferation but impaired neuronal differentiation, maturation, and migration, and increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Both the AP models neuronal migration deficit and elevated ER stress could be selectively rescued by different pharmacologic agents. Neuronal gene expression was also specifically dysregulated in the AP, including reduced expression of genes related to behavior, psychological disorders, neuritogenesis, neuronal migration, and WNT, axonal guidance, and GABA receptor signaling. Interestingly, the UM model exhibited upregulated expression of genes in many of these same pathways, by comparison with both the AP and UC models, suggesting that cell intrinsic molecular compensation could have contributed to the lack of neurodevelopmental phenotypes in the UM model. However, by contrast with the AP-specific neurodevelopmental phenotypes, both the AP- and UM-derived neurons exhibited shared alterations of neuronal function, including increased action potential firing and elevated cholinergic activity, consistent with increased homomeric CHRNA7 channel activity.

ConclusionTogether, these data define both affectation-specific phenotypes seen only in the AP, as well as abnormalities observed in both individuals with CHRNA7 duplication, the AP and UM, but not in UC-derived neurons. This is, to our knowledge, the first study to use a human stem cell-based platform to study the basis of variable affectation in cases of 15q13.3 duplication at the cellular, molecular, and functional levels. This work suggests potential approaches for suppressing abnormal neurodevelopment or physiology that may contribute to severity of affectation. Some of these AP-specific neurodevelopmental anomalies, or the functional anomalies observed in both 15q13.3 duplication carriers (the AP and UM), could also contribute to the variable phenotypic penetrance seen in other individuals with 15q13.3 duplication.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Meganathan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prakasam, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baldridge, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gontarz, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urano, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Constantino, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kroll, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.28.922187</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Alterations in neuronal physiology, development, and function associated with a common duplication of chromosome 15 involving CHRNA7]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.28.923730v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Synchronized genetic activities in Alzheimer's brains revealed by heterogeneity-capturing network analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.28.923730v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
It is becoming increasingly evident that the efficacy of single-gene computational analyses for complex traits is nearly exhausted and future advances hinge on unraveling the intricate combinatorial interactions among multiple genes. However, the discovery of modules of genes working in concert to manifest a complex trait has been crippled by combinatorial complexity, genetic heterogeneity, and validation biases. We introduce Maestro, a novel network approach that employs a multifaceted correlation measure, which captures heterogeneity, and a rigorous validation method. Maestros utilization for Alzheimers disease (AD) reveals an expression pattern that has virtually zero probability of simultaneous expression by an individual, assuming independence. Yet this pattern is exhibited by 19.0% of AD cases and 7.3% of controls, establishing an unprecedented pattern of synchronized genetic activities in the human brain. This pattern is significantly associated with AD, with an odds ratio of 3.0. This study substantiates Maestros power for discovery of orchestrated genetic activities underlying complex traits. More generally, Maestro can be applied in diverse domains in which heterogeneity exists.

HighlightsO_LISynchronized genetic activities associated with Alzheimers disease
C_LIO_LINovel vector-based correlation measure that captures genetic heterogeneity
C_LIO_LIEnhanced network model for revealing combinatorial genetic interactions
C_LIO_LIPro-survival genetic activities associated with Alzheimers disease
C_LIO_LIGeneral approach for revealing patterns in data subject to heterogeneity
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Climer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Templeton, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garvin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lane, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hulver, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheid, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cruchaga, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.28.923730</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Synchronized genetic activities in Alzheimer's brains revealed by heterogeneity-capturing network analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.28.923839v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural Circuit Dynamics for Sensory Detection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.28.923839v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We consider the question of how sensory networks enable the detection of sensory stimuli in a combinatorial coding space. We are specifically interested in the olfactory system, wherein recent experimental studies have reported the existence of rich, enigmatic response patterns associated with stimulus onset and offset. This study aims to identify the functional relevance of such response patterns, i.e., what benefits does such neural activity provide in the context of detecting stimuli in a natural environment. We study this problem through the lens of normative, optimization-based modeling. Here, we define the notion of a low dimensional latent representation of stimulus identity, which is generated through action of the sensory network. The objective of our optimization framework is to ensure high fidelity tracking of a nominal representation in this latent space in an energy efficient manner. It turns out that the optimal motifs emerging from this framework possess morphological similarity with prototypical onset and offset responses observed in vivo. Furthermore, this objective can be exactly achieved by a network with reciprocal excitatory-inhibitory competitive dynamics, similar to interactions between principal neurons (PNs) and local neurons (LNs) in the early olfactory system of insects. The derived model also makes several predictions regarding maintenance of robust latent representations in the presence of confounding background information and tradeoffs between the energy of sensory activity and resultant behavioral measures such as speed and accuracy of stimulus detection.

Significance StatementA key area of study in olfactory coding involves understanding the transformation from high-dimensional sensory stimulus to low-dimensional decoded representation. Here, we treat not only the dimensionality reduction of this mapping but also its temporal dynamics, with specific focus on stimuli that are temporally continuous. We examine through optimization-based synthesis how sensory networks can track representations without prior assumption of discrete trial structure. We show that such tracking can be achieved by canonical network architectures and dynamics, and that the resulting responses resemble observations from neurons in the insect olfactory system. Thus, our results provide hypotheses regarding the functional role of olfactory circuit activity at both single neuronal and population scales.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mallik, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizampatnam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nandi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saha, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ching, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.28.923839</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural Circuit Dynamics for Sensory Detection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.31.928911v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ADAR1 editing dependency in triple-negative breast cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.31.928911v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the deadliest form of breast cancer. Unlike other types of breast cancer that can be effectively treated by targeted therapies, no such targeted therapy exists for all TNBC patients. The ADAR1 enzyme carries out A-to-I editing of RNA to prevent sensing of cellular double-stranded RNAs (dsRNA). ADAR1 is highly expressed in breast cancer including TNBC. Here, we demonstrate that ADAR1 expression and editing activity is required in TNBC cell lines but not in ER+ and/or Her2+ cells. In TNBC cells, knockdown of ADAR1 attenuates proliferation and tumorigenesis. PKR expression is elevated in TNBC and its activity is induced upon ADAR1-knockdown, which correlates with a decrease in translation. ADAR1-dependent TNBC cell lines also exhibit elevated IFN stimulated gene expression. IFNAR1 reduction significantly rescues the proliferative defects of ADAR1 loss. These findings establish ADAR1 as a novel therapeutic target for TNBC tumors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kung, C.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cottrell, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bramel, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kladney, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bross, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maggi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weber, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.928911</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ADAR1 editing dependency in triple-negative breast cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.02.931337v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Oft-Overlooked Massively Parallel Reporter Assay: Where, When, and Which Psychiatric Genetic Variants are Functional? 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.02.931337v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuropsychiatric phenotypes have been long known to be influenced by heritable risk factors. The past decade of genetic studies have confirmed this directly, revealing specific common and rare genetic variants enriched in disease cohorts. However, the early hope for these studies--that only a small set of genes would be responsible for a given disorder--proved false. The picture that has emerged is far more complex: a given disorder may be influenced by myriad coding and noncoding variants of small effect size, and/or by rare but severe variants of large effect size, many de novo. Noncoding genomic sequences harbor a large portion of these variants, the molecular functions of which cannot usually be inferred from sequence alone. This creates a substantial barrier to understanding the higher-order molecular and biological systems underlying disease risk. Fortunately, a proliferation of genetic technologies--namely, scalable oligonucleotide synthesis, high-throughput RNA sequencing, CRISPR, and CRISPR derivatives--have opened novel avenues to experimentally identify biologically significant variants en masse. These advances have yielded an especially versatile technique adaptable to large-scale functional assays of variation in both untranscribed and untranslated regulatory features: Massively Parallel Reporter Assays (MPRAs). MPRAs are powerful molecular genetic tools that can be used to screen tens of thousands of predefined sequences for functional effects in a single experiment. This approach has several ideal features for psychiatric genetics, but remains underutilized in the field to date. To emphasize the opportunities MPRA holds for dissecting psychiatric polygenicity, we review here its applications in the literature, discuss its ability to test several biological variables implicated in psychiatric disorders, illustrate this flexibility with a proof-of-principle, in vivo cell-type specific implementation of the assay, and envision future outcomes of applying MPRA to both computational and experimental neurogenetics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mulvey, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lagunas, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.02.931337</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Oft-Overlooked Massively Parallel Reporter Assay: Where, When, and Which Psychiatric Genetic Variants are Functional?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.07.939124v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exploring the coronavirus epidemic using the new WashU Virus Genome Browser 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.07.939124v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Since its debut in mid-December, 2019, the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has rapidly spread from its origin in Wuhan, China, to several countries across the globe, leading to a global health crisis. As of February 7, 2020, 44 strains of the virus have been sequenced and uploaded to NCBIs GenBank [1], providing insight into the viruss evolutionary history and pathogenesis. Here, we present the WashU Virus Genome Browser, a web-based portal for viewing virus genomic data. The browser is home to 16 complete 2019-nCoV genome sequences, together with hundreds of related viral sequences including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and Ebola virus. In addition, the browser features unique customizability, supporting user-provided upload of novel viral sequences in various formats. Sequences can be viewed in both a track-based representation as well as a phylogenetic tree-based view, allowing the user to easily compare sequence features across multiple strains. The WashU Virus Genome Browser inherited many features and track types from the WashU Epigenome Browser, and additionally incorporated a new type of SNV track to address the specific needs of viral research. Our Virus Browser portal can be accessed at https://virusgateway.wustl.edu, and documentation is available at https://virusgateway.readthedocs.io/.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Flynn, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Purushotham, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choudhary, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matt, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.07.939124</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exploring the coronavirus epidemic using the new WashU Virus Genome Browser]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.07.939165v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ARF suppresses 5'-terminal oligopyrimidine mRNA translation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.07.939165v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tumor cells require nominal increases in protein synthesis in order to maintain high proliferation rates. As such, tumor cells must acquire enhanced ribosome production. How many of the mutations in tumor cells ultimately achieve this aberrant production is largely unknown. The gene encoding ARF is the most commonly deleted gene in human cancer. ARF plays a significant role in regulating ribosomal RNA synthesis and processing, ribosome export into the cytoplasm, and global protein synthesis. Utilizing ribosome profiling, we show that ARF is a major suppressor of 5-terminal oligopyrimidine mRNA translation. Genes with increased translational efficiency following loss of ARF include many ribosomal proteins and translation factors. Knockout of p53 caused a similar increase in 5-TOP mRNA translation. The 5-TOP regulators mTORC1, eIF4G1 and LARP1 are dysregulated in ARF and p53 null cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cottrell, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiou, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weber, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.07.939165</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ARF suppresses 5'-terminal oligopyrimidine mRNA translation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.09.940510v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discovery of a cryptic allosteric site in Ebola's 'undruggable' VP35 protein using simulations and experiments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.09.940510v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid interactions are often considered difficult drug targets because the surfaces involved lack obvious druggable pockets. Cryptic pockets could present opportunities for targeting these interactions, but identifying and exploiting these pockets remains challenging. Here, we apply a general pipeline for identifying cryptic pockets to the interferon inhibitory domain (IID) of Ebola viral protein 35 (VP35). VP35 plays multiple essential roles in Ebolas replication cycle but lacks pockets that present obvious utility for drug design. Using adaptive sampling simulations and machine learning algorithms, we predict VP35 harbors a cryptic pocket that is allosterically coupled to a key dsRNA-binding interface. Thiol labeling experiments corroborate the predicted pocket and mutating the predicted allosteric network supports our model of allostery. Finally, covalent modifications that mimic drug binding allosterically disrupt dsRNA binding that is essential for immune evasion. Based on these successes, we expect our pipeline is equally applicable to other proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cruz, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frederick, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vithani, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmerman, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porter, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moeder, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amarasinghe, G. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.09.940510</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discovery of a cryptic allosteric site in Ebola's 'undruggable' VP35 protein using simulations and experiments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.10.932327v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Recent ultra-rare inherited mutations identify novel autism candidate risk genes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.10.932327v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Autism is a highly heritable, complex disorder where de novo mutation (DNM) variation contributes significantly to disease risk. Using whole-genome sequencing data from 3,474 families, we investigate another source of large-effect risk variation, ultra-rare mutations. We report and replicate a transmission disequilibrium of private likely-gene disruptive (LGD) mutations in probands but find that 95% of this burden resides outside of known DNM-enriched genes. This variant class more strongly affects multiplex family probands and supports a multi-hit model for autism. Candidate genes with private LGD variants preferentially transmitted to probands converge on the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex, intracellular transport, and Erb signaling protein networks. We estimate these mutations are ~2.5 generations old and significantly younger than other mutations of similar type and frequency in siblings. Overall, private LGD variants are under strong purifying selection and act on a distinct set of genes not yet associated with autism.

One sentence summaryUltra-rare autism variants preferentially transmitted to probands are younger and identify distinct gene candidates and functional networks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wilfert, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, T. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murali, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sulovari, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coe, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoekzema, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakken, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winterkorn, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evani, U. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Byrska-Bishop, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Earl, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernier, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>The SPARK Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zody, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eichler, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.10.932327</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Recent ultra-rare inherited mutations identify novel autism candidate risk genes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.10.940866v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Explosive sensing with insect-based biorobots 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.10.940866v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Stand-off chemical sensing is an important capability with applications in several domains including homeland security. Engineered devices for this task, popularly referred to as electronic noses, have limited capacity compared to the broad-spectrum abilities of the biological olfactory system. Therefore, we propose a hybrid bio-electronic solution that directly takes advantage of the rich repertoire of olfactory sensors and sophisticated neural computational framework available in an insect olfactory system. We show that select subsets of neurons in the locust (Schistocerca americana) brain were activated upon exposure to various explosive chemical species (such as DNT and TNT). Responses from an ensemble of neurons provided a unique, multivariate fingerprint that allowed discrimination of explosive vapors from non-explosive chemical species and from each other. Notably, target chemical recognition could be achieved within a few hundred milliseconds of exposure. Finally, we developed a minimally-invasive surgical approach and mobile multi-unit electrophysiological recording system to tap into the neural signals in a locust brain and realize a biorobotic explosive sensing system. In sum, our study provides the first demonstration of how biological olfactory systems (sensors and computations) can be hijacked to develop a cyborg chemical sensing approach.

SUMMARYWe demonstrate a bio-robotic chemical sensing approach where signals from an insect brain are directly utilized to detect and distinguish various explosive chemical vapors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Saha, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehta, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandak, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Traner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singamaneni, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakrabartty, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.10.940866</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Explosive sensing with insect-based biorobots]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.10.942540v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Remote-controlled insect navigation using plasmonic nanotattoos 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.10.942540v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Developing insect cyborgs by integrating external components (optical, electrical or mechanical) with biological counterparts has a potential to offer elegant solutions for complex engineering problems.1 A key limiting step in the development of such biorobots arises at the nano-bio interface, i.e. between the organism and the nano implant that offers remote controllability.1,2 Often, invasive procedures are necessary that tend to severely compromise the navigation capabilities as well as the longevity of such biorobots. Therefore, we sought to develop a non-invasive solution using plasmonic nanostructures that can be photoexcited to generate heat with spatial and temporal control. We designed a  nanotattoo using silk that can interface the plasmonic nanostructures with a biological tissue. Our results reveal that both structural and functional integrity of the biological tissues such as insect antenna, compound eyes and wings were preserved after the attachment of the nanotattoo. Finally, we demonstrate that insects with the plasmonic nanotattoos can be remote controlled using light and integrated with functional recognition elements to detect the chemical environment in the region of interest. In sum, we believe that the proposed technology will play a crucial role in the emerging fields of biorobotics and other nano-bio applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tadepalli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saha, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, K.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bae, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singamaneni, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.10.942540</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Remote-controlled insect navigation using plasmonic nanotattoos]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.14.946269v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Increased mTOR activity and metabolic efficiency in mouse and human cells containing the African-centric tumor-predisposing p53 variant Pro47Ser 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.14.946269v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Pro47Ser variant of p53 exists in African-descent populations, and is associated with increased cancer risk in humans and mice. This variant, hereafter S47, shows altered regulation of the cystine importer Slc7a11, and S47 cells possess increased cysteine and glutathione (GSH) accumulation compared to cells with wild type p53. In this study we show that mice containing the S47 variant have increased mTOR activity, increased oxidative metabolism, larger size, and improved metabolic efficiency. Mechanistically, we show that there is increased association between mTOR and its positive regulator Rheb in S47 cells, due to altered redox state of GAPDH, which normally binds and sequesters Rheb. Compounds that decrease glutathione in S47 cells normalize GAPDH-Rheb complex formation and mTOR activity. The enhanced metabolic efficiency may have been selected for in early Africa, making the S47 variant one of a growing number of cancer-predisposing genetic variants that possesses other positive, potentially selectable attributes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gnanapradeepan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnoud, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leu, J. I.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Good, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quinn, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kung, C.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahima, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baur, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wellen, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schug, Z. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.14.946269</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Increased mTOR activity and metabolic efficiency in mouse and human cells containing the African-centric tumor-predisposing p53 variant Pro47Ser]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.14.948356v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Central vestibular tuning arises from patterned convergence of otolith afferents 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.14.948356v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As sensory information moves through the brain, higher-order areas exhibit more complex tuning than lower areas. Though models predict this complexity is due to convergent inputs from neurons with diverse response properties, in most vertebrate systems convergence has only been inferred rather than tested directly. Here we measure sensory computations in zebrafish vestibular neurons across multiple axes in vivo. We establish that whole-cell physiological recordings reveal tuning of individual vestibular afferent inputs and their postsynaptic targets. An independent approach, serial section electron microscopy, supports the inferred connectivity. We find that afferents with similar or differing preferred directions converge on central vestibular neurons, conferring more simple or complex tuning, respectively. Our data also resolve a long-standing contradiction between anatomical and physiological analyses by revealing that sensory responses are produced by sparse but powerful inputs from vestibular afferents. Together these results provide a direct, quantifiable demonstration of feedforward input convergence in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kimura, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Higashijima, S.-i.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hildebrand, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morgan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holy, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagnall, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.14.948356</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Central vestibular tuning arises from patterned convergence of otolith afferents]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.18.946335v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Vitamin D receptor protects against dysbiosis and tumorigenesis via the JAK/STAT pathway in intestine 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.18.946335v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundVitamin D exerts regulatory roles via vitamin D receptor (VDR) in mucosal immunity, host defense, and inflammation involving host factors and microbiome. Human Vdr gene variation shapes the microbiome and VDR deletion leads to dysbiosis. Low VDR expression and diminished vitamin D/VDR signaling are observed in colon cancer. Nevertheless, how intestinal epithelial VDR is involved in tumorigenesis through gut microbiota remains unknown. We hypothesized that intestinal VDR protects mice against dysbiosis via modulating the JAK/STAT pathway in tumorigenesis. To test our hypothesis, we used an azoxymethane/Dextran Sulfate Sodium-induced cancer model in intestinal VDR conditional knockout (VDR{Delta}IEC) mice, cell cultures, stem-cell derived colonoids, and human colon cancer samples.

ResultsVDR{Delta}IEC mice have higher numbers of tumors with location shifted from distal to proximal colon. Fecal microbiota analysis showed that VDR deletion leads to bacterial profile shift from normal to susceptible carcinogenesis. We found enhanced bacterial staining in mouse and human tumors. Microbial metabolites from VDR{Delta}IEC mice showed elevated secondary bile acids, consistent with the observations in human CRC. We further identified that VDR protein bound to the Jak2 promoter, suggesting that VDR transcriptionally regulated Jak2. The JAK/STAT pathway is critical in intestinal and microbial homeostasis. Fecal samples from VDR{Delta}IEC mice activate the STAT3 activation in human and mouse organoids. Lack of VDR led to hyperfunction of Jak2 in respond to intestinal dysbiosis. A JAK/STAT inhibitor abolished the microbiome-induced activation of STAT3.

ConclusionWe provide insights into the mechanism of VDR dysfunction leading to dysbiosis and tumorigenesis. It indicates a new target -- microbiome and VDR for prevention of cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.-g.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatterjee, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.18.946335</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Vitamin D receptor protects against dysbiosis and tumorigenesis via the JAK/STAT pathway in intestine]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.22.960278v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Latent Plasticity of Effector-like Exhausted CD8 T cells contributes to memory responses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.22.960278v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Persistent antigen induces a dysfunctional CD8 T cell state known as T cell "exhaustion" characterized by expression of PD-1 and decreased effector functions. Nevertheless, dysfunctional CD8 T cells can mediate control of antigen burden which is long-lasting. While heterogeneity of exhausted CD8 T cells has been described, the cells which actively proliferate and exert viral control have remained elusive. Here, we define subsets of PD-1+ CD8 T cells during chronic infection marked by expression of CX3CR1 with substantial in situ proliferation and high expression of granzyme B. Moreover, these cells maintain the effector pool through self-renewal independently of previously defined stem-like cells. Unexpectedly, CX3CR1+ CD8 T cells retain plasticity to be reprogrammed to memory cells through expression of TCF-1 and re-gain polyfunctionality. Thus, we define a subset of effector-like exhausted CD8 T cells with capacity to contribute to the memory pool, offering a prime target for novel immunotherapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Raju, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yost, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bradshaw, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tonc, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verbaro, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satpathy, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egawa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.22.960278</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Latent Plasticity of Effector-like Exhausted CD8 T cells contributes to memory responses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.22.961219v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Global Motion Detection and Censoring in High-Density Diffuse Optical Tomography 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.22.961219v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Motion-induced artifacts can significantly corrupt optical neuroimaging, as in most neuroimaging modalities. For high-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT) with hundreds to thousands of source-detector pair measurements, motion detection methods are underdeveloped relative to both functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and standard functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). This limitation restricts the application of HD-DOT in many challenging situations and subject populations (e.g., bedside monitoring and children). Here, we evaluate a new motion detection method for multichannel optical imaging systems that leverages spatial patterns across channels. Specifically, we introduce a global variance of temporal derivatives (GVTD) metric as a motion detection index. We show that GVTD strongly correlates with external measures of motion and has high sensitivity and specificity to instructed motion - with area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.88, calculated based on five different types of instructed motion. Additionally, we show that applying GVTD-based motion censoring on both task and resting state HD-DOT data with natural head motion results in an improved spatial similarity to fMRI mapping for the same respective protocols (task or rest). We then compare the GVTD similarity scores with several commonly used motion correction methods described in the fNIRS literature, including correlation-based signal improvement (CBSI), temporal derivative distribution repair (TDDR), wavelet filtering, and targeted principal component analysis (tPCA). We find that GVTD motion censoring outperforms other methods and results in spatial maps more similar to matched fMRI data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sherafati, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snyder, A. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eggebrecht, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergonzi, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burns-Yocum, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lugar, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferradal, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robichaux-Viehoever, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smyser, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palanca, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hershey, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Culver, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.22.961219</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Global Motion Detection and Censoring in High-Density Diffuse Optical Tomography]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.24.963652v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
3D Epigenomic Characterization Reveals Insights Into Gene Regulation and Lineage Specification During Corticogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.24.963652v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lineage-specific epigenomic changes during human corticogenesis have previously remained elusive due to challenges with tissue heterogeneity and sample availability. Here, we analyze cis-regulatory chromatin interactions, open chromatin regions, and transcriptomes for radial glia, intermediate progenitor cells, excitatory neurons, and interneurons isolated from mid-gestational human brain samples. We show that chromatin looping underlies transcriptional regulation for lineage-specific genes, with transcription factor motifs, families of transposable elements, and disease-associated variants enriched at distal interacting regions in a cell type-specific manner. A subset of promoters exhibit unusually high degrees of chromatin interactivity, which we term super interactive promoters. Super interactive promoters are enriched for critical lineage-specific genes, suggesting that interactions at these loci contribute to the fine-tuning of cell type-specific transcription. Finally, we present CRISPRview, a novel approach for validating distal interacting regions in primary cells. Our study presents the first characterization of cell type-specific 3D epigenomic landscapes during human corticogenesis, advancing our understanding of gene regulation and lineage specification during human brain development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Song, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pebworth, M.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abnousi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choudhary, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergenholtz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eze, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juric, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maliskova, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pollen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kriegstein, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.24.963652</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[3D Epigenomic Characterization Reveals Insights Into Gene Regulation and Lineage Specification During Corticogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.01.955443v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ConsHMM Atlas: conservation state annotations for major genomes and human genetic variation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.01.955443v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ConsHMM is a method recently introduced to annotate genomes into conservation states, which are defined based on the combinatorial and spatial patterns of which species align to and match a reference genome in a multi-species DNA sequence alignment. Previously, ConsHMM was only applied to a single genome for one multi-species sequence alignment. Here we apply ConsHMM to produce 22 additional genome annotations covering human and seven other organisms for a variety of multi-species alignments. Additionally, we have extended ConsHMM to generate allele specific annotations, which we used to produce conservation state annotations for every possible single nucleotide mutation in the human genome. Finally, we provide a web interface to interactively visualize parameters and annotation enrichments for ConsHMM models. These annotations and visualizations comprise the ConsHMM Atlas, which we expect will be a valuable resource for analyzing a variety of major genomes and genetic variation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arneson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Felsheim, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chien, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ernst, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.01.955443</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ConsHMM Atlas: conservation state annotations for major genomes and human genetic variation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.03.975193v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extended amygdala-parabrachial circuits alter threat assessment to regulate feeding 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.03.975193v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
An animals evolutionary success depends on the ability to seek and consume foods while avoiding environmental threats. However, how evolutionarily conserved threat detection circuits modulate feeding is unknown. In mammals, feeding and threat assessment are strongly influenced by the parabrachial nucleus (PBN), a structure that responds to threats and inhibits feeding. Here, we report that the PBN receives dense inputs from the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), an extended amygdala structure that encodes affective information. Using a series of complementary approaches, we identify opposing BNST-PBN circuits that modulate a genetically-defined population of PBN neurons to control feeding. This previously unrecognized neural circuit integrates threat assessment with the intrinsic drive to eat.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bhatti, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luskin, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pedersen, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mulvey, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oden-Brunson, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kimbell, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sawyer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gereau, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruchas, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.03.975193</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extended amygdala-parabrachial circuits alter threat assessment to regulate feeding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.04.960179v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chemokine receptor 2-targeted molecular imaging in pulmonary fibrosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.04.960179v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, inflammatory lung disease that is monitored clinically by measures of lung function, without effective molecular markers of disease activity or therapeutic efficacy. Lung immune cells active in the pro-fibrotic process include inflammatory monocyte and interstitial macrophages that express the C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2). CCR2+ monocyte lung influx is essential for disease phenotypes in models of fibrosis and identified in lungs from subjects with IPF. Here, we show that our peptide-based radiotracer 64Cu-DOTA-ECL1i identifies CCR2+ inflammatory monocytes and interstitial macrophages in multiple preclinical mouse models of lung fibrosis, using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Mice with bleomycin-induced fibrosis treated with blocking antibodies to interleukin-1{beta}, a mediator of fibrosis associated with CCR2+ cell inflammation, or with pirfenidone, an approved anti-fibrotic agent, demonstrated decreased CCR2-dependent interstitial macrophage accumulation and reduced 64Cu-DOTA-ECL1i PET uptake, compared to controls. Lung tissues from patients with fibrotic lung disease demonstrated abundant CCR2+ cells surrounding regions of fibrosis, and an ex vivo tissue-binding assay showed correlation between radiotracer localization and CCR2+ cells. In a phase 0/1 clinical study of 64Cu-DOTA-ECL1i PET, healthy volunteers showed little lung uptake, while subjects with pulmonary fibrosis exhibited increased uptake, notably in zones of subpleural fibrosis, reflecting the distribution of CCR2+ cells in the profibrotic niche. These findings support a pathologic role of inflammatory lung monocytes/macrophages in fibrotic lung disease and the translational use of 64Cu-DOTA-ECL1i PET to track CCR2-specific inflammation for image-guided therapy.

One Sentence SummaryPET imaging of CCR2+ cells in lung fibrosis identifies a therapeutic response in mouse models and displays a perifibrotic signal in subjects with IPF.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brody, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunsten, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luehmann, H. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sultan, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoelscher, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heo, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koenitzer, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mpoy, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laforest, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salter, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russell, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shifren, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Combadiere, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavine, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kreisel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humphreys, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grierada, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Byers, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gropler, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atkinson, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.04.960179</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chemokine receptor 2-targeted molecular imaging in pulmonary fibrosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.04.960724v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Computing and Optimizing Over All Fixed-Points of Discrete Systems on Large Networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.04.960724v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Equilibria, or fixed points, play an important role in dynamical systems across various domains, yet finding them can be computationally challenging. Here, we show how to efficiently compute all equilibrium points of discrete-valued, discrete-time systems on sparse networks. Using graph partitioning, we recursively decompose the original problem into a set of smaller, simpler problems that are easy to compute, and whose solutions combine to yield the full equilibrium set. This makes it possible to find the fixed points of systems on arbitrarily large networks meeting certain criteria. This approach can also be used without computing the full equilibrium set, which may grow very large in some cases. For example, one can use this method to check the existence and total number of equilibria, or to find equilibria that are optimal with respect to a given cost function. We demonstrate the potential capabilities of this approach with examples in two scientific domains: computing the number of fixed points in brain networks and finding the minimal energy conformations of lattice-based protein folding models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Riehl, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmerman, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ching, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.04.960724</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Computing and Optimizing Over All Fixed-Points of Discrete Systems on Large Networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.06.981407v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single nucleus RNASeq profiling of mouse lung: reduced dissociation bias and improved detection of rare cell types compared with single cell RNASeq 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.06.981407v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RATIONALESingle cell RNA-sequencing (scRNASeq) has led to multiple recent advances in our understanding of lung biology and pathophysiology, but utility is limited by the need for fresh samples, loss of cell types due to death or inadequate dissociation, and the induction of transcriptional stress responses during tissue digestion. Single nucleus RNASeq (snRNASeq) has addressed these deficiencies in some other tissues, but no protocol exists for lung. We sought to develop such a protocol and compare its results with scRNA-seq.

METHODSSingle nucleus suspensions were prepared rapidly (45 min) from two mouse lungs in lysis buffer on ice while a single cell suspension from an additional mouse lung was generated using a combination of enzymatic and mechanical dissociation (1.5 h). Cells and nuclei were processed using the 10x Genomics platform, and following sequencing of cDNA libraries single cell data was analyzed by Seurat.

RESULTS16,656 single nucleus and 11,934 single cell transcriptomes were generated. Despite reduced mRNA levels in nuclei vs. cells, gene detection rates were equivalent in snRNASeq and scRNASeq ([~]1,750 genes and 3,000 UMI per cell) when mapping intronic and exonic reads. snRNASeq identified a much greater proportion of epithelial cells than scRNASeq (46% vs 2% of total), including basal and neuroendocrine cells, while reducing immune cells from 54% to 15%. snRNASeq transcripts are enriched for transcription factors and signaling proteins, with reduced detection of housekeeping genes, mitochondrial genes, and artifactual stress response genes. Both techniques improved mesenchymal cell detection over previous studies, and analysis of fibroblast diversity showed two transcriptionally distinct populations of Col13a1+ cells, termed Bmper+ and Brinp1+ fibroblasts. To define homeostatic signaling relationships among cell types, receptor-ligand mapping of was performed for alveolar compartment cells using snRNASeq data, revealing complex interplay among epithelial, mesenchymal, and capillary endothelial cells.

CONCLUSIONSingle nucleus RNASeq can be readily applied to snap frozen, archival murine lung samples, improves dissociation bias, eliminates artifactual gene expression and provides similar gene detection compared to scRNASeq.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Koenitzer, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atkinson, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brody, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humphreys, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.06.981407</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single nucleus RNASeq profiling of mouse lung: reduced dissociation bias and improved detection of rare cell types compared with single cell RNASeq]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.10.986075v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Harnessing Expressed Single Nucleotide Variation and Single Cell RNA Sequencing to Define Immune Cell Chimerism in the Rejecting Kidney Transplant 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.10.986075v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In solid organ transplantation, donor derived immune cells are assumed to decline with time after surgery. Whether donor leukocytes persist within kidney transplants or play any role in rejection is unknown, however, in part because of limited techniques for distinguishing recipient and donor cells. To address this question, we performed paired whole exome sequencing of donor and recipient DNA and single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of 5 human kidney transplant biopsy cores. Exome sequences were used to define single nucleotide variations (SNV) across all samples. By analyzing expressed SNVs in the scRNA-seq dataset we could define recipient vs. donor cell origin for all 81,139 cells. The leukocyte donor to recipient ratio varied with rejection status for macrophages and with time post-transplant for lymphocytes. Recipient macrophages were characterized by inflammatory activation and donor macrophages by antigen presentation and complement signaling. Recipient origin T cells expressed cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory genes consistent with an effector cell phenotype whereas donor origin T cells are likely quiescent expressing oxidative phosphorylation genes relative to recipient T cells. Finally, both donor and recipient T cell clones were present within the rejecting kidney, suggesting lymphoid aggregation. Our results indicate that donor origin macrophages and T cells have distinct transcriptional profiles compared to their recipient counterparts and donor macrophages can persist for years post transplantation. This study demonstrates the power of this approach to accurately define leukocyte chimerism in a complex tissue such as the kidney transplant coupled with the ability to examine transcriptional profiles at single cell resolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Malone, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fronick, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fulton, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaut, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humphreys, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.10.986075</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Harnessing Expressed Single Nucleotide Variation and Single Cell RNA Sequencing to Define Immune Cell Chimerism in the Rejecting Kidney Transplant]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.12.989731v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
IRF8 Governs Tumor-Associated Macrophage Control of T Cell Exhaustion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.12.989731v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tumor progression is associated with overstimulation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), resulting in a dysfunctional state of exhaustion. How T cell exhaustion is elicited in the tumor remains poorly understood. Here we show that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) present cancer cell antigen and induce CTL exhaustion through a gene expression program dependent on the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor-8 (IRF8). In a transgenic model of murine breast cancer, CTL priming was supported by IRF8-dependent dendritic cells; yet, CTL exhaustion required TAM expression of IRF8, and its ablation suppressed tumor growth. An analysis of the highly immune-infiltrated human renal cell carcinoma tumors revealed abundant TAMs that expressed IRF8 and were enriched for an IRF8 gene expression signature. The IRF8 signature co-segregated with T cell exhaustion markers and was negatively associated with long-term patient survival. Thus, CTL exhaustion is promoted by TAMs via IRF8, and this crosstalk may be disrupted in TAM-targeted therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nixon, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Capistrano, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Do, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franklin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kansler, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srivastava, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Purohit, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vuong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishna, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morse, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hakimi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.12.989731</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[IRF8 Governs Tumor-Associated Macrophage Control of T Cell Exhaustion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.13.991224v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CRISPR-TRAPSeq identifies the QKI RNA binding protein as important for astrocytic maturation and control of thalamocortical synapses. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.13.991224v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Quaking RNA binding protein(QKI) is essential for oligodendrocyte development as myelination requires MBP mRNA regulation and localization by the cytoplasmic isoforms(e.g. QKI-6). QKI-6 is also highly expressed in astrocytes, which were recently demonstrated to have regulated mRNA localization. Here, we show via CLIPseq that QKI-6 binds 3 UTRs of a subset of astrocytic mRNAs, including many enriched in peripheral processes. Binding is enriched near stop codons, which is mediated partially by QKI binding motifs(QBMs) yet spreads to adjacent sequences. We developed CRISPR TRAPseq: a viral approach for mosaic, cell-type specific gene mutation with simultaneous translational profiling. This enabled study of QKI-deleted astrocytes in an otherwise normal brain. Astrocyte-targeted QKI deletion altered translation and maturation, while also increasing synaptic density within the astrocytes territory. Overall, our data indicate QKI is required for astrocyte maturation and demonstrate an approach for a highly targeted translational assessment of gene knockout in specific cell-types in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sakers, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Llaci, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasek, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rieger, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brophy, S. a.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tycksen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maloney, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.13.991224</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CRISPR-TRAPSeq identifies the QKI RNA binding protein as important for astrocytic maturation and control of thalamocortical synapses.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.20.000661v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Scalable Surrogate Deconvolution for Identification of Partially-Observable Systems and Brain Modeling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.20.000661v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
For many biophysical systems, direct measurement of all state-variables, in - vivo is not-feasible. Thus, a key challenge in biological modeling and signal processing is to reconstruct the activity and structure of interesting biological systems from indirect measurements. These measurements are often generated by approximately linear time-invariant (LTI) dynamical interactions with the hidden system and may therefore be described as a convolution of hidden state-variables with an unknown kernel. In the current work, we present an approach termed surrogate deconvolution, to directly identify such coupled systems (i.e. parameterize models). Surrogate deconvolution reframes certain nonlinear partially-observable identification problems, which are common in neuroscience/biology, as analytical objectives that are compatible with almost any user-chosen optimization procedure. We show that the proposed technique is highly scalable, low in computational complexity, and performs competitively with the current gold-standard in partially-observable system estimation: the joint Kalman Filters (Unscented and Extended). We show the benefits of surrogate deconvolution for model identification when applied to simulations of the Local Field Potential and blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal. Lastly, we demonstrate the empirical stability of Hemodynamic Response Function (HRF) kernel estimates for Mesoscale Individualized NeuroDynamic (MINDy) models of individual human brains. The recovered HRF parameters demonstrate reliable individual variation as well as a stereotyped spatial distribution, on average. These results demonstrate that surrogate deconvolution promises to enhance brain-modeling approaches by simultaneously and rapidly fitting large-scale models of brain networks and the physiological processes which generate neuroscientific measurements (e.g. hemodynamics for BOLD fMRI).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Singh, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braver, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ching, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.20.000661</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Scalable Surrogate Deconvolution for Identification of Partially-Observable Systems and Brain Modeling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.22.002261v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell profiling of mouse acute kidney injury reveals conserved cellular responses to injury 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.22.002261v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
After acute kidney injury (AKI), patients either recover or alternatively develop fibrosis and chronic kidney disease. Interactions between injured epithelia, stroma and inflammatory cells determine whether kidneys repair or undergo fibrosis, but the molecular events that drive these processes are poorly understood. Here, we use single nucleus RNA sequencing of a mouse model of AKI to characterize cell states during repair from acute injury. We identify a distinct proinflammatory and profibrotic proximal tubule cell state that fails to repair. Deconvolution of bulk RNA-seq datasets indicates that this "failed-repair proximal tubule cell" or FR-PTC, state can be detected in other models of kidney injury, increasing in the aging rat kidney and over time in human kidney allografts. We also describe dynamic intercellular communication networks and discern transcriptional pathways driving successful vs. failed repair. Our study provides a detailed description of cellular responses after injury and suggests that the FR-PTC state may represent a therapeutic target to improve repair.

Significance StatementSingle nucleus RNA sequencing revealed gene expression changes during repair after acute kidney injury. We describe a small population of proximal tubule cells that fail to repair (FR-PTC). Since this subpopulation expresses abundant pro-inflammatory and profibrotic genes, it may represent a new therapeutic target to improve repair and reduce fibrosis after AKI.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kirita, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uchimura, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humphreys, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.22.002261</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell profiling of mouse acute kidney injury reveals conserved cellular responses to injury]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.24.005744v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A reversibly induced CRISPRi system targeting Photosystem II in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.24.005744v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is used as a model organism to study photosynthesis, as it can utilize glucose as the sole carbon source to support its growth under heterotrophic conditions. CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) has been widely applied to repress the transcription of genes in a targeted manner in cyanobacteria. However, a robust and reversible induced CRISPRi system has not been explored in Synechocystis 6803 to knock down and recover the expression of a targeted gene. In this study, we built a tightly controlled chimeric promoter, PrhaBAD-RSW, in which a theophylline responsive riboswitch was integrated into a rhamnose-inducible promoter system. We applied this promoter to drive the expression of ddCpf1 (DNase-dead Cpf1 nuclease) in a CRISPRi system and chose the PSII reaction center gene psbD (D2 protein) to target for repression. psbD was specifically knocked down by over 95% of its native expression, leading to severely inhibited Photosystem II activity and growth of Synechocystis 6803 under photoautotrophic conditions. Significantly, removal of the inducers rhamnose and theophylline reversed repression by CRISPRi. Expression of PsbD recovered following release of repression, coupled with increased Photosystem II content and activity. This reversibly induced CRISPRi system in Synechocystis 6803 represents a new strategy for study of the biogenesis of photosynthetic complexes in cyanobacteria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pakrasi, H. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.24.005744</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A reversibly induced CRISPRi system targeting Photosystem II in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.24.006874v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human microglia upregulate cytokine signatures and accelerate maturation of neural networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.24.006874v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microglia are the resident macrophages of the brain that emerge in early development and play vital role disease states, as well as in normal development. Many fundamental questions about microglia diversity and function during human brain development remain unanswered, as we currently lack cellular-resolution datasets focusing on microglia in developing primary tissue, or experimental strategies for interrogating their function. Here, we report an integrative analysis of microglia throughout human brain development, which reveals molecular signatures of stepwise maturation, as well as human-specific cytokine-associated subtype that emerges around the onset of neurogenesis. To demonstrate the utility of this atlas, we have compared microglia across several culture models, including cultured primary microglia, pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia. We identify gene expression signatures differentially recruited and attenuated across experimental models, which will accelerate functional characterization of microglia across perturbations, species, and disease conditions. Finally, we identify a role for human microglia in development of synchronized network activity using a xenotransplantation model of human microglia into cerebral organoids.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schmunk, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soliman, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keefe, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bogdanoff, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tejera, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ziffra, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chhun, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGinnis, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winkler, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abla, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gartner, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehta, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hengen, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nowakowski, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.24.006874</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human microglia upregulate cytokine signatures and accelerate maturation of neural networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.25.007344v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanisms of Action of Autophagy Modulators Dissected by Quantitative Systems Pharmacology Analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.25.007344v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Autophagy plays an essential role in cell survival/death and functioning. Modulation of autophagy has been recognized as a promising therapeutic strategy against diseases/disorders associated with uncontrolled growth or accumulation of biomolecular aggregates, organelles or cells including those caused by cancer, aging, neurodegeneration, and liver diseases such as 1-antitrypsin deficiency. Numerous pharmacological agents that enhance or suppress autophagy have been discovered. However, their molecular mechanisms of action are far from clear. Here we collected a set of 225 autophagy modulators and carried out a comprehensive quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) analysis of their targets using both existing databases and predictions made by our machine learning algorithm. Autophagy modulators include several highly promiscuous drugs (e.g. artenimol and olanzapine acting as activator, fostamatinib as inhibitor, or melatonin as dual-modulator), as well as selected drugs uniquely targeting specific proteins ([~]30% of modulators). They are mediated by three layers of regulation: (i) pathways involving core autophagy-related (ATG) proteins such as mTOR, AKT, and AMPK; (ii) upstream signaling events that regulates the activity of ATG pathways such as calcium-, cAMP-, and MAPK-signaling pathways; and (iii) transcription factors regulating the expression ATG proteins such as TFEB, TFE3, HIF-1, FoxO, and NF-{kappa}B. Our results suggest that PKA serves as a linker bridging between various signal transduction events and autophagy. These new insights contribute to a better assessment of the mechanism of action of autophagy modulators as well as their side effects, development of novel polypharmacological strategies, and identification of drug repurposing opportunities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shi, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pei, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perlmutter, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bahar, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.25.007344</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanisms of Action of Autophagy Modulators Dissected by Quantitative Systems Pharmacology Analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.25.008748v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Therapeutic genetic variation revealed in diverse Hsp104 homologs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.25.008748v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The AAA+ protein disaggregase, Hsp104, increases fitness under stress by reversing stress-induced protein aggregation. We have engineered potentiated Hsp104 variants to antagonize proteotoxic misfolding linked to human neurodegenerative diseases. However, these Hsp104 variants can exhibit off-target toxicity, which may limit their therapeutic utility. Hsp104 is conserved among all nonmetazoan eukaryotes, which raises the possibility that natural variants might exist with enhanced, selective activity against neurodegenerative disease substrates. To assess this possibility, we screened a cross-kingdom collection of Hsp104 homologs in several yeast proteotoxicity models. We uncovered therapeutic genetic variation among several Hsp104 homologs that specifically antagonize TDP-43 or -synuclein condensate formation and toxicity in yeast, human cells, and C. elegans. Surprisingly, this variation manifested as increased passive chaperone activity, distinct from disaggregase activity, which neutralizes proteotoxicity of specific substrates. Thus, by exploring natural tuning of passive chaperone activity we elucidated enhanced, substrate-specific agents to counter proteotoxicity underlying neurodegenerative disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>March, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sweeney, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castellano, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackrel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuang, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomes, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michalska, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jedrzejczak, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joachimiak, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caldwell, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caldwell, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shalem, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shorter, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.25.008748</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Therapeutic genetic variation revealed in diverse Hsp104 homologs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.30.015495v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Facilitative priority effects drive parasite assembly under coinfection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.30.015495v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Host individuals are often coinfected with diverse parasite assemblages, resulting in complex interactions among parasites within hosts. Within hosts, priority effects occur when the infection sequence alters the outcome of interactions among parasites. Yet, the role of host immunity in this process remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that the host response to first infection could generate priority effects among parasites, altering the assembly of later arriving strains during epidemics. We tested this by infecting sentinel host genotypes of Plantago lanceolata with strains of the fungal parasite, Podosphaera plantaginis, and measuring susceptibility to subsequent infection during experimental and natural epidemics. In these experiments, prior infection by one strain often increased susceptibility to other strains, and these facilitative priority effects altered the structure of parasite assemblages, but this effect depended on host genotype, host population, and parasite genotype. Thus, host genotype, spatial structure, and priority effects among strains all independently altered parasite assembly. Then, using a fine-scale survey and sampling of infections on wild hosts in several populations, we identified a signal of facilitative priority effects, which altered parasite assembly during natural epidemics. Together, these results provide evidence that within host priority effects by early arriving strains can drive parasite assembly, with implications for how strain diversity is spatially and temporally distributed during epidemics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Halliday, F. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penczykowski, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barres, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eck, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Numminen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laine, A.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.30.015495</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Facilitative priority effects drive parasite assembly under coinfection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.01.020099v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ventral arkypallidal neurons modulate accumbal firing to promote reward consumption. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.01.020099v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A pause in firing of nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh) neurons is critical for reward consumption; however, the substrate driving this pause is unknown. While ventral pallidal (VP) activity encodes reward value, the specific roles of VP subpopulations in computation and expression of this value are poorly understood. Here, we establish that inhibitory input from the VP is crucial for reward-related inhibition of NAc firing. A sparse, non-canonical subpopulation of VP neurons, the so-called "ventral arkypallidal (vArky)" neurons makes inhibitory synaptic contacts throughout the NAcSh, and drives inhibition of NAcSh neurons in vivo. Moreover, endogenous calcium activity of vArky neurons predicted subsequent reward consumption behavior, while optogenetically activating this pathway increased reward consumption by amplifying hedonic value of reward. Classically, the VP is considered downstream of the NAc; however, our results challenge this view and establish that vArky neurons in the VP promote reward consumption via potent modulation of NAcSh firing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vachez, Y. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tooley, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casey, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Earnest, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abiraman, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silberberg, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godynyuk, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uddin, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marconi, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Pichon, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creed, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.01.020099</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ventral arkypallidal neurons modulate accumbal firing to promote reward consumption.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.02.020875v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Diffusion Basis Spectrum Imaging with Deep Neural Network Differentiates Distinct Histology in Pediatric Brain Tumors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.02.020875v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
High-grade pediatric brain tumors constitute the highest mortality of cancer-death in children. While conventional MRI has been widely adopted for examining pediatric high-grade brain tumor clinically, accurate neuroimaging detection and differentiation of tumor histopathology for improved diagnosis, surgical planning, and treatment evaluation, remains an unmet need in the clinical management of pediatric brain tumor. We employed a novel Diffusion Histology Imaging (DHI) approach that incorporates diffusion basis spectrum imaging (DBSI) and deep neural network. DHI aims to detect, differentiate, and quantify heterogenous areas in pediatric high-grade brain tumors, which include normal white matter (WM), densely cellular tumor (DC tumor), less densely cellular tumor (LDC tumor), infiltrating edge, necrosis, and hemorrhage. Distinct diffusion metric combination would thus indicate the unique distributions of each distinct tumor histology features. DHI, by incorporating DBSI metrics and the deep neural network algorithm, classified pediatric tumor histology with an overall accuracy of 83.3%. Receiver operating analysis (ROC) analysis suggested DHIs great capability in distinguishing individual tumor histology with AUC values (95%CI) of 0.983 (0.985-0.989), 0.961 (0.957-0.964), 0.993 (0.992-0.994), 0.953 (0.947-0.958), 0.974 (0.970-0.978) and 0.980 (0.977-0.983) for normal WM, DC tumor, LDC tumor, infiltrating edge, necrosis and hemorrhage, respectively. Our results suggest that DBSI-DNN, or DHI, accurately characterized and classified multiple tumor histologic features in pediatric high-grade brain tumors. If further validated in patients, the novel DHI might emerge as a favorable alternative to the current neuroimaging techniques to better guide biopsy and resection as well as monitor therapeutic response in patients with high-grade brain tumors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ye, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srinivasa, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Viox, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, S.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dahiya, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubin, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.02.020875</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Diffusion Basis Spectrum Imaging with Deep Neural Network Differentiates Distinct Histology in Pediatric Brain Tumors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.02.021683v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Mechanosensitive Ion Channel MSL10 Potentiates Responses to Cell Swelling in Arabidopsis Seedlings 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.02.021683v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ability to respond to unanticipated increases in volume is a fundamental property of cells, essential for cellular integrity in the face of osmotic challenges. Plants must manage cell swelling during flooding, rehydration, and pathogenesis-but little is known about the mechanisms by which this occurs. It has been proposed that plant cells could sense and respond to cell swelling through the action of mechanosensitive ion channels. Here we develop and characterize a new assay to study the effects of cell swelling on Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings and to test the contributions of the mechanosensitive ion channel MscS-Like10 (MSL10). The assay incorporates both cell wall softening and hypo-osmotic treatment to induce cell swelling. We show that MSL10 is required for previously demonstrated responses to hypo-osmotic shock, including a cytoplasmic calcium transient within the first few seconds, accumulation of ROS within the first 30 minutes, and increased transcript levels of mechano-inducible genes within 60 minutes. We also show that cell swelling induces programmed cell death within 3 hours, also in a MSL10-dependent manner. Finally, we show that MSL10 is unable to potentiate cell swelling-induced death when phosphomimetic residues are introduced into its soluble N-terminus. Thus, MSL10 functions as a phospho-regulated membrane-based sensor that connects the perception of cell swelling to a downstream signaling cascade and programmed cell death.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Basu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haswell, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.02.021683</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Mechanosensitive Ion Channel MSL10 Potentiates Responses to Cell Swelling in Arabidopsis Seedlings]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.02.022384v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
One-step RNA extraction for RT-qPCR detection of 2019-nCoV 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.02.022384v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has placed an unprecedented burden on healthcare systems as the virus spread from the initial 27 reported cases in the city of Wuhan, China to a global pandemic in under three month[1]. Resources essential to monitoring virus transmission have been challenged with a demand for expanded surveillance. The CDC 2019-nCoV Real-Time Diagnostic Panel uses a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) consisting of two TaqMan probe and primer sets specific for the 2019-nCoV N gene, which codes for the nucleocapsid structural protein that encapsulates viral RNA, for the qualitative detection of 2019-nCoV viral RNA in respiratory samples. To isolate RNA from respiratory samples, the CDC lists RNA extraction kits from four manufacturers. In anticipation of a limited supply chain of RNA extraction kits and the need for test scalability, we sought to identify alternative RNA extraction methods. Here we show that direct lysis of respiratory samples can be used in place of RNA extraction kits to run the CDC 2019-nCoV Real-Time Diagnostic assay with the additional benefits of higher throughput, lower cost, faster turnaround and possibly higher sensitivity and improved safety.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sentmanat, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kouranova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.02.022384</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[One-step RNA extraction for RT-qPCR detection of 2019-nCoV]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.07.029751v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The histone deacetylase complex MiDAC regulates a neurodevelopmental gene expression program 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.07.029751v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MiDAC is a recently identified histone deacetylase (HDAC) complex. While other HDAC complexes have been implicated in neurogenesis, the physiological role of MiDAC remains unknown. Here, we show that MiDAC constitutes an important regulator of neural differentiation. We demonstrate that MiDAC functions as a modulator of a neurodevelopmental gene expression program and binds to important regulators of neurite outgrowth. On the one hand, MiDAC upregulates gene expression by mediating the removal of H4K20ac on the promoters and enhancers of pro-neural genes such as those encoding the secreted ligands SLIT3 and NETRIN1 (NTN1). Conversely, MiDAC inhibits gene expression by reducing H3K27ac on promoter-proximal and -distal elements of negative regulators of neurogenesis. Furthermore, loss of MiDAC results in neurite outgrowth defects that can be rescued by supplementation with SLIT3 and/or NTN1. These findings indicate a crucial role for MiDAC in regulating the ligands of the SLIT3 and NTN1 signaling axes to ensure the proper integrity of neurite development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mondal, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kallappagoudar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sedkov, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sentmanat, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poet, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pruett-Miller, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herz, H.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.07.029751</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The histone deacetylase complex MiDAC regulates a neurodevelopmental gene expression program]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.08.032078v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Geographic mosaic of selection by avian predators on hindwing warning colour in a polymorphic aposematic moth 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.08.032078v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Warning signals are predicted to develop signal monomorphism via positive frequency-dependent selection (+FDS) albeit many aposematic systems exhibit signal polymorphism. To understand this mismatch, we conducted a large-scale predation experiment in four locations, among which the frequencies of hindwing warning coloration of aposematic Arctia plantaginis differ. Here we show that selection by avian predators on warning colour is predicted by local morph frequency and predator community composition. We found +FDS to be strongest in monomorphic Scotland, and in contrast, lowest in polymorphic Finland, where different predators favour different male morphs. +FDS was also found in Georgia, where the predator community was the least diverse, whereas in the most diverse avian community in Estonia, hardly any models were attacked. Our results support the idea that spatial variation in predator and prey communities alters the strength or direction of selection on warning signals, thus facilitating a geographic mosaic of selection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ronka, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valkonen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nokelainen, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rojas, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burdfield-Steel, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mappes, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.08.032078</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Geographic mosaic of selection by avian predators on hindwing warning colour in a polymorphic aposematic moth]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.08.033027v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Activity-dependent translation in astrocytes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.08.033027v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene expression requires two steps - transcription and translation - which can be regulated independently to allow nuanced, localized, and rapid responses to cellular stimuli. Neurons are known to respond transcriptionally and translationally to bursts of brain activity, and a transcriptional response to this activation has also been recently characterized in astrocytes. However, the extent to which astrocytes respond translationally is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that astrocytes also have a programmed translational response by characterizing the change in transcript ribosome occupancy in astrocytes using Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification(TRAP) subsequent to a robust induction of neuronal activity in vivo via acute seizure. We identified a change in transcripts on astrocyte ribosomes, highlighted by a rapid decrease in transcripts coding for ribosomal and mitochondrial components, and a rapid increase in transcripts related to cytoskeletal dynamics, motor activity, ion transport, and cell communication. This indicates a set of dynamic responses, some of which might be secondary to activation of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase(TRK) signaling. Using acute slices, we quantified the extent to which individual cues and sequela of neuronal activity can activate translation acutely in astrocytes. We identified both BDNF and ion concentration changes as contributors to translation induction, with potassium using both action-potential sensitive and insensitive components. We showed this translational response requires the presence of neurons, indicating the response is non-cell autonomous. We also show that this induction of new translation extends into peripheral astrocyte processes (PAPs). Accordingly, proteomics following fear conditioning in mice, showed that new translation influences peri-synaptic astrocyte protein composition in vivo under physiological conditions. Regulation of translation in astrocytes by neuronal activity suggests an additional mechanism by which astrocytes may dynamically modulate nervous system functioning.

Main PointsAstrocytes have a programmed, transcript-specific translational response to neuronal activity.

Both BDNF and K+, cues of neuronal activity, trigger this response.

This response requires the presence of neurons.

This response alters the astrocytic protein composition at the synapse.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sapkota, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sakers, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lake, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khazanchi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khankan, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.08.033027</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Activity-dependent translation in astrocytes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.09.033621v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In silico APC/C substrate discovery reveals cell cycle degradation of chromatin regulators including UHRF1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.09.033621v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase and critical regulator of cell cycle progression. Despite its vital role, it has remained challenging to globally map APC/C substrates. By combining orthogonal features of known substrates, we predicted APC/C substrates in silico. This analysis identified many known substrates and suggested numerous candidates. Unexpectedly, chromatin regulatory proteins are enriched among putative substrates and we show that several chromatin proteins bind APC/C, oscillate during the cell cycle and are degraded following APC/C activation, consistent with being direct APC/C substrates. Additional analysis revealed detailed mechanisms of ubiquitylation for UHRF1, a key chromatin regulator involved in histone ubiquitylation and DNA methylation maintenance. Disrupting UHRF1 degradation at mitotic exit accelerates G1-phase cell cycle progression and perturbs global DNA methylation patterning in the genome. We conclude that APC/C coordinates crosstalk between cell cycle and chromatin regulatory proteins. This has potential consequences in normal cell physiology, where the chromatin environment changes depending on proliferative state, as well as in disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kernan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Chacin, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiedemann, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonacci, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choudhury, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolhuis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Damrauer, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harrison, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Major, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoadley, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suzuki, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rothbart, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, N. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emanuele, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.09.033621</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In silico APC/C substrate discovery reveals cell cycle degradation of chromatin regulators including UHRF1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.10.035683v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sphingolipid Biosynthesis Inhibition As A Host Strategy Against Diverse Pathogens 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.10.035683v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chloroquine is an anti-malarial and immunosuppressant drug that has cationic amphipathic chemical properties. We performed genome-wide screens in human cells with chloroquine and several other widely used cationic amphipathic drugs (CADs) including the anti-depressants, sertraline (Zoloft) and fluoxetine (Prozac), the analgesic nortriptyline (Pamelor), the anti-arrhythmic amiodarone (Cordarone), and the anti-hypertensive verapamil (Calan) to characterize their molecular similarities and differences. Despite CADs having different disease indications but consistent with them sharing key chemical properties, we found CADs to have remarkably similar phenotypic profiles compared with non-CADs we and others have previously screened (1-5). The most significant genetic interaction for all CADs was the initiating step in sphingolipid biosynthesis catalyzed by serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT). A comparison of genome-wide screens performed with diverse pathogens from viruses, bacteria, plants, and parasites including Ebola (6), adeno-associated virus AAV2 (7), HIV (8), Rotavirus (9), Influenza A (10), Zika virus (11), Picornavirus (12), Exotoxin A (13), Cholera toxin (14), Type III secretion system and Shiga toxin (15, 16), Ricin toxin (17), and Toxoplasma gondii (18) showed SPT as a top common host factor and 80% overlap overall in top hits specifically with CADs. Potential sphingolipid-mediated mechanisms for the host response- and virulence-modulating effects of CADs involve autophagy and SERPINE1/PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1). Chloroquine has recently shown potential as an anti-viral agent for the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19 respiratory disease (19, 20). Our study demonstrates that numerous readily available drugs molecularly function highly similar to chloroquine, which suggests they might be considered for further pre-clinical investigation in the context of SARS-CoV-2. More generally, our work suggests the diverse pathogen mitigating potential of drugs that inhibit host sphingolipid biosynthesis such as CADs.

Brief SummaryOur study demonstrates that numerous readily available drugs molecularly function highly similar to chloroquine, which suggests they might be considered for further pre-clinical investigation in the context of SARS-CoV-2.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kumar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hart, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bean, N. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coler-Reilly, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobs, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burrow, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Onyshchenko Pendergrass, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pierre, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bradley, I. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varadarajan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carette, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brummelkamp, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolle, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterson, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.10.035683</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sphingolipid Biosynthesis Inhibition As A Host Strategy Against Diverse Pathogens]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.10.036491v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predicting Tumor Cell Response to Synergistic Drug Combinations Using a Novel Simplified Deep Learning Model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.10.036491v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Drug combinations targeting multiple targets/pathways are believed to be able to reduce drug resistance. Computational models are essential for novel drug combination discovery. In this study, we proposed a new simplified deep learning model, DeepSignalingSynergy, for drug combination prediction. Compared with existing models that use a large number of chemical-structure and genomics features in densely connected layers, we built the model on a small set of cancer signaling pathways, which can mimic the integration of multi-omics data and drug target/mechanism in a more biological meaningful and explainable manner. The evaluation results of the model using the NCI ALMANAC drug combination screening data indicated the feasibility of drug combination prediction using a small set of signaling pathways. Interestingly, the model analysis suggested the importance of heterogeneity of the 46 signaling pathways, which indicates that some new signaling pathways should be targeted to discover novel synergistic drug combinations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payne, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.10.036491</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predicting Tumor Cell Response to Synergistic Drug Combinations Using a Novel Simplified Deep Learning Model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.13.039487v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Investigate the relevance of major signaling pathways in cancer survival using a biologically meaningful deep learning model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.13.039487v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Survival analysis and prediction are important in cancer studies. In addition to the Cox proportional hazards model, recently deep learning models have been proposed to integrate the multi-omics data for survival prediction. Cancer signaling pathways are important and interpretable concepts that define the signaling cascades regulating cancer development and drug resistance. Thus, it is interesting and important to investigate the relevance to patients survival of individual signaling pathways. In this exploratory study, we propose to investigate the relevance and difference of a small set of core cancer signaling pathways in the survival analysis of cancer patients. Specifically, we built a biologically meaningful and simplified deep neural network, DeepSigSurvNet, for survival prediction. In the model, the gene expression and copy number data of 1648 genes from 46 major signaling pathways are used. We applied the model on 4 types of cancer and investigated the relevance and difference of the 46 signaling pathways among the 4 types of cancer. Interestingly, the interpretable analysis identified the distinct patterns of these signaling pathways, which are helpful to understand the relevance of the signaling pathways in terms of their association with cancer survival time. These highly relevant signaling pathways can be novel targets, combined with other essential signaling pathways inhibitors, for drug and drug combination prediction to improve cancer patients survival time.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Feng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.13.039487</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Investigate the relevance of major signaling pathways in cancer survival using a biologically meaningful deep learning model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.14.032557v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ancestry-Specific Predisposing Germline Variants in Cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.14.032557v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundCancer risk differs across ancestries and these differences may result from differing prevalence of inherited genetic predisposition. Yet, most germline genomic studies performed to date have focused on individuals of European ancestry. Ancestry-specific analyses of germline genomes are required to inform cancer genetic risk and prognosis for each ancestral group. Here, we investigate potentially germline pathogenic variants in cancer predisposition genes (CPG) and their somatic effects in patients across diverse ancestral backgrounds.

MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of germline genomic data of 9,899 patients from 33 cancer types generated by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project along with matching somatic genomic and transcriptomic data. By collapsing pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants to the gene level, we analyzed the association between variants in CPGs and cancer types within each ancestry. We also identified ancestry- specific predisposing variants and their associated somatic two-hit events and gene expression levels.

ResultsRecent genetic ancestry analysis classified the cohort of 9,899 cancer cases into individuals of primarily European, (N = 8,184, 82.7%), African (N = 966, 9.8%), East Asian (N = 649, 6.6%), South Asian (N=48, 0.5%), Native/Latin American (N=41, 0.4%), and admixed (N=11, 0.1%) ancestries. In the African ancestry, we discovered a potentially novel association of BRCA2 in lung squamous cell carcinoma (OR = 41.4 [95% CI, 6.1-275.6]; FDR = 0.002) along with the previously identified association of BRCA2 in ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma (OR=8.5 [95% CI, 1.5-47.4]; FDR=0.045). Similarly, in the East Asian ancestry, we discovered one previously known association of BRIP1 in stomach adenocarcinoma (OR=12.8 [95% CI, 1.8-90.84]; FDR=0.038). Rare variant burden analysis further identified 7 suggestive associations for cancer-gene pairs in African ancestry individuals previously well described in European ancestry including SDHB in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma, ATM in prostate adenocarcinoma, VHL in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma, FH in kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma, and PTEN in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma. Loss of heterozygosity was identified for 7 out of the 15 African ancestry carriers of predisposing variants. Further, tumors from the SDHB or BRCA2 carriers showed simultaneous allelic specific expression and low gene expression of their respective affected genes; and FH splice-site variant carriers showed mis-splicing of FH.

ConclusionWhile several predisposing genes are shared across patients, many pathogenic variants are found to be ancestry-specific and trigger somatic effects. Analysis of larger diverse ancestries genomic cohorts are required to pinpoint ancestry- specific genetic predisposition to inform personalized diagnosis and screening strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Oak, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cherniak, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mashl, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>TCGA Analysis Network,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirsch, F. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beroukhim, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gumus, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plon, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, K.-l.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.14.032557</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ancestry-Specific Predisposing Germline Variants in Cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.16.044842v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Signal diversification is associated with corollary discharge evolution in weakly electric fish 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.16.044842v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Communication signal diversification is a driving force in the evolution of sensory and motor systems. However, little is known about the evolution of sensorimotor integration. Mormyrid fishes generate stereotyped electric pulses (electric organ discharge [EOD]) for communication and active sensing. The EOD has diversified extensively, especially in duration, which varies across species from 0.1 to over 10 ms. In the electrosensory hindbrain, a corollary discharge that signals the timing of EOD production provides brief, precisely timed inhibition that effectively blocks responses to self-generated EODs. However, corollary discharge inhibition has only been studied in a few species, all with short duration EODs. Here, we asked how corollary discharge inhibition has coevolved with the diversification of EOD duration. We addressed this question by comparing 7 mormyrid species having varied EOD duration. For each individual fish, we measured EOD duration and then measured corollary discharge inhibition by recording evoked potentials from midbrain electrosensory nuclei. We found that delays in the onset of corollary discharge inhibition were strongly correlated with EOD duration as well as delay to the first peak of the EOD. In addition, we showed that electrosensory receptors respond to self-generated EODs with spikes occurring in a narrow time window immediately following the first peak of the EOD. Direct comparison of time courses between the EOD and corollary discharge inhibition revealed that the inhibition overlaps the first peak of the EOD. Our results suggest that internal delays have shifted the timing of corollary discharge inhibition to optimally block responses to self-generated signals.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCorollary discharges are internal copies of motor commands that are essential for brain function. For example, corollary discharge allows an animal to distinguish self-generated from external stimuli. Despite widespread diversity in behavior and its motor control, we know little about the evolution of corollary discharges. Mormyrid fishes generate stereotyped electric pulses used for communication and active sensing. In the electrosensory pathway that processes communication signals, a corollary discharge inhibits sensory responses to self-generated signals. We found that fish with long duration pulses have delayed corollary discharge inhibition, and that this time-shifted corollary discharge optimally blocks electrosensory responses to the fishs own signal. Our study provides the first evidence for evolutionary change in sensorimotor integration related to diversification of communication signals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fukutomi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlson, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.16.044842</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Signal diversification is associated with corollary discharge evolution in weakly electric fish]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.17.039339v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Organ-on-a-chip model of vascularized human bone marrow niches 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.17.039339v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Animal models of bone marrow have limited spatial and temporal resolution to observe biological events (intravasation and cellular egress) and are inadequate to dissect dynamic events at the niche level (100 microns). Utilizing microfluidic and stem cell technology, we present a 3D in vitro model of human bone marrow that contains perivascular and endosteal niches complete with dynamic, perfusable vascular networks. We demonstrate that our model can perform in vivo functions including maintenance and differentiation of CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) for up to fourteen days, egress of myeloid progenitors, and expression of markers consistent with in vivo human bone marrow. The platform design enables the addition of tissue niches at a later timepoint to probe mechanisms such as tumor cell migration. Overall, we present a novel organ-on-a-chip platform that is capable of recapitulating the human bone marrow microenvironment to observe hematopoietic phenomena at high spatial and temporal resolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Glaser, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curtis, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sariano, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rollins, Z. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shergill, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anand, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deely, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shirure, V. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lowen, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weilbaecher, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Link, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.17.039339</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Organ-on-a-chip model of vascularized human bone marrow niches]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.21.054015v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 mediate SARS-CoV-2 infection of human small intestinal enterocytes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.21.054015v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Both gastrointestinal symptoms and fecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA have been frequently observed in COVID-19 patients. However, whether SARS-CoV-2 replicate in the human intestine and its clinical relevance to potential fecal-oral transmission remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate productive infection of SARS-CoV-2 in ACE2+ mature enterocytes in human small intestinal enteroids. In addition to TMPRSS2, another mucosa-specific serine protease, TMPRSS4, also enhanced SARS-CoV-2 spike fusogenic activity and mediated viral entry into host cells. However, newly synthesized viruses released into the intestinal lumen were rapidly inactivated by human colonic fluids and no infectious virus was recovered from the stool specimens of COVID-19 patients. Our results highlight the intestine as a potential site of SARS-CoV-2 replication, which may contribute to local and systemic illness and overall disease progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castro, M. F. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCune, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rothlauf, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sonnek, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brulois, K. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenberg, H. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamond, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ciorba, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whelan, S. P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.21.054015</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 mediate SARS-CoV-2 infection of human small intestinal enterocytes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.22.055459v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cognitive Deficits and Altered Functional Brain Network Organization in Pediatric Brain Tumor Patients 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.22.055459v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pediatric brain tumor survivors experience significant cognitive sequelae from their diagnosis and treatment. The exact mechanisms of cognitive injury are poorly understood, and validated predictors of long-term cognitive outcome are lacking. Large-scale, distributed brain systems provide a window into brain organization and function that may yield insight into these mechanisms and outcomes.

Here, we evaluated functional network architecture, cognitive performance, and brain-behavior relationships in pediatric brain tumor patients. Patients ages 4-18 years old with diagnosis of a brain tumor underwent awake resting state fMRI during regularly scheduled clinical visits and were tested with the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery. We observed that functional network organization was significantly altered in patients compared to age- and sex-matched healthy controls, with the integrity of the dorsal attention network particularly affected. Moreover, patients demonstrated significant impairments in multiple domains of cognitive performance, including attention. Finally, a significant amount of variance of age-adjusted total composite scores from the Toolbox was explained by changes in segregation between the dorsal attention and default mode networks.

Our results suggest that changes in functional network organization may provide insight into long-term changes in cognitive function in pediatric brain tumor patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Anandarajah, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seitzman, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMichael, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dworetsky, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coalson, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbour, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlaggar, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Limbrick, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubin, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shimony, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perkins, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.22.055459</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cognitive Deficits and Altered Functional Brain Network Organization in Pediatric Brain Tumor Patients]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.23.058008v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Peptidoglycan editing provides immunity to Acinetobacter baumannii during bacterial warfare 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.23.058008v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Peptidoglycan (PG) is essential in most bacteria. Thus, it is often targeted by various assaults, including the host immune response, antibiotic treatment and interbacterial attacks via the type VI secretion system (T6SS). Here, we report that the Gram-negative bacterium Acinetobacter baumannii strain ATCC 17978 produces, secretes and incorporates the non-canonical D-amino acid D-Lysine into its PG during stationary phase. We show that PG editing increases the competitiveness of A. baumannii during bacterial warfare by providing immunity against peptidoglycan-targeting T6SS effectors from various bacterial competitors. We propose that PG editing has evolved as an effective strategy for bacteria to overcome T6SS attacks. In contrast, we found that D-Lys production is detrimental to pathogenesis due, at least in part, to the activity of the human enzyme D-amino acid oxidase (DAO), which degrades D-Lys producing H2O2 toxic to bacteria. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that the last common ancestor of A. baumannii possessed the ability to produce D-Lys. However, this trait was independently lost multiple times, likely reflecting the evolution of A. baumannii as a human pathogen.

One sentence summaryAcinetobacter baumannii attains immunity against nonkin competitors during T6SS warfare by incorporating D-Lysine into its peptidoglycan.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Le, N.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Espaillat, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheldon, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gray, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Venanzio, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Djahanschiri, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hennon, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levin, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ebersberger, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skaar, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cava, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vollmer, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feldman, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.23.058008</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Peptidoglycan editing provides immunity to Acinetobacter baumannii during bacterial warfare]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.27.060061v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The qBED track: a novel genome browser visualization for point processes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.27.060061v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryTransposon calling cards is a genomic assay for identifying transcription factor binding sites in both bulk and single cell experiments. Here we describe the qBED format, an open, text-based standard for encoding and analyzing calling card data. In parallel, we introduce the qBED track on the WashU Epigenome Browser, a novel visualization that enables researchers to inspect calling card data in their genomic context. Finally, through examples, we demonstrate that qBED files can be used to visualize non-calling card datasets, such as CADD scores and GWAS/eQTL hits, and may have broad utility to the genomics community.

Availability and ImplementationThe qBED track is available on the WashU Epigenome Browser (http://epigenomegateway.wustl.edu/browser), beginning with version 46. Source code for the WashU Epigenome Browser with qBED support is available on GitHub (http://github.com/arnavm/eg-react and http://github.com/lidaof/eg-react). We have also released a tutorial on how to upload qBED data to the browser (dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bca8ishw).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moudgil, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Purushotham, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitra, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.27.060061</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The qBED track: a novel genome browser visualization for point processes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.27.063404v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Site-specific effects of neurosteroids on GABAA receptor activation and desensitization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.27.063404v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This study examines how site-specific binding to the three identified neurosteroid binding sites in the 1{beta}3 GABAA receptor (GABAAR) contributes to neurosteroid allosteric modulation. We found that the potentiating neurosteroid, allopregnanolone, but not its inhibitory 3{beta}-epimer epi-allopregnanolone, binds to the canonical {beta}3(+)-1(-) intersubunit site that mediates receptor activation by neurosteroids. In contrast, both allopregnanolone and epi-allopregnanolone bind to intrasubunit sites in the {beta}3 subunit, promoting receptor desensitization and the 1 subunit promoting ligand-specific effects. Two neurosteroid analogues with diazirine moieties replacing the 3-hydroxyl (KK148 and KK150) bind to all three sites, but do not potentiate GABAAR currents. KK148 is a desensitizing agent, whereas KK150 is devoid of allosteric activity. These compounds provide potential chemical scaffolds for site-specific and general neurosteroid antagonists. Collectively, these data show that differential occupancy and efficacy at three discrete neurosteroid binding sites determine whether a neurosteroid has potentiating, inhibitory, or competitive antagonist activity on GABAARs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sugasawa, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, W. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bracamontes, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Germann, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pierce, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Senneff, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reichert, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Covey, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akk, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evers, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.27.063404</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Site-specific effects of neurosteroids on GABAA receptor activation and desensitization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.29.067835v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proteomic and functional mapping of cardiac NaV1.5 channel phosphorylation reveals multisite regulation of surface expression and gating 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.29.067835v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phosphorylation of NaV1.5 channels regulates cardiac excitability, yet the phosphorylation sites regulating channel function and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Using a systematic quantitative phosphoproteomic approach, we analyzed NaV1.5 channel complexes purified from non-failing and failing mouse left ventricles, and we identified 42 phosphorylation sites on NaV1.5. Most sites are clustered, and three of these clusters are highly phosphorylated. Analyses of phosphosilent and phosphomimetic NaV1.5 mutants revealed the roles of three phosphosites in regulating NaV1.5 channel expression and gating. The phosphorylated serines-664 and -667 regulate the voltage-dependence of channel activation in a cumulative manner, whereas phosphorylation of the nearby serine-671, which is increased in failing hearts, decreases cell surface NaV1.5 expression and peak Na+ current. No additional roles could be assigned to the other clusters of phosphosites. Taken together, the results demonstrate that ventricular NaV1.5 is highly phosphorylated, and that the phosphorylation-dependent regulation of NaV1.5-encoded channels is highly complex, site-specific and dynamic.

AbbreviationsA, alanine; E, glutamate; HEK-293, Human Embryonic Kidney 293 cells; INa, peak Na+ current; INaL, late Na+ current; IP, immunoprecipitation; mNaVPAN, anti-NaV channel subunit mouse monoclonal antibody; MS, Mass Spectrometry; MS1, mass spectrum of peptide precursors; MS2 or MS/MS, fragmentation mass spectrum of peptides selected in narrow mass range (2 Da) from MS1 scan; NaV, voltage-gated Na+ channel; pS, phosphoserine; pT, phosphothreonine; S, serine; T, threonine; TAC, Transverse Aortic Constriction; TMT, Tandem Mass Tag.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lorenzini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lesage, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charriere, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chevillard, P.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evrard, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maloney, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruff, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nerbonne, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Townsend, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maier, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marionneau, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.29.067835</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proteomic and functional mapping of cardiac NaV1.5 channel phosphorylation reveals multisite regulation of surface expression and gating]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.29.069294v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A synthetic mechanogenetic gene circuit for autonomous drug delivery in engineered tissues 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.29.069294v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mechanobiologic signals regulate cellular responses under physiologic and pathologic conditions. Using synthetic biology and tissue engineering, we developed a mechanically-responsive bioartificial tissue that responds to mechanical loading to produce a pre-programmed therapeutic biologic drug. By deconstructing the signaling networks induced by activation of the mechanically-sensitive ion channel transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), we created synthetic TRPV4-responsive genetic circuits in chondrocytes. We engineered these cells into living tissues that respond to mechanical loading by producing the anti-inflammatory biologic drug, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. Chondrocyte TRPV4 is activated by osmotic loading and not direct cellular deformation, suggesting tissue loading is transduced into an osmotic signal that activates TRPV4. Either osmotic or mechanical loading of tissues transduced with TRPV4-responsive circuits protected constructs from inflammatory degradation by interleukin-1. This synthetic mechanobiology approach was used to develop a mechanogenetic system to enable long-term, autonomously regulated drug delivery driven by physiologically-relevant loading.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nims, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pferdehirt, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savadipour, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorentz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sohi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kassab, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ross, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Conor, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liedtke, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McNulty, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guilak, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.29.069294</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A synthetic mechanogenetic gene circuit for autonomous drug delivery in engineered tissues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.30.070029v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Earlier springs enable High-Arctic wolf spiders to produce a second clutch 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.30.070029v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spiders at southern latitudes commonly produce multiple clutches, but this has not been observed at high latitudes where activity seasons are much shorter. Yet the timing of snowmelt is advancing in the Arctic, and may allow some species to produce an additional clutch. To determine if this is already happening, we used specimens of the wolf spider Pardosa glacialis caught by pitfall traps from the long-term (1996-2014) monitoring program at Zackenberg, Northeast Greenland. We dissected individual egg sacs and counted the number of eggs and partially developed juveniles, and measured carapace width of the mothers. Upon discovery of a bimodal frequency distribution of clutch sizes, as is typical for wolf spiders at lower latitudes producing a second clutch, we assigned egg sacs to being a first or second clutch depending on clutch size. We tested whether the median capture date differed among first and second clutches, whether clutch size was correlated to female size, and whether the proportion of second clutches produced within a season was related to climate. We found that assigned second clutches appeared significantly later in the season than first clutches. In years with earlier snowmelt, first clutches occurred earlier and the proportion of second clutches produced was larger. This result, likely a result of female spiders producing first clutches earlier in those years, which allowed time for another clutch. Clutch size for first clutches was correlated to female size, while this was not the case for second clutches. Our results provide the first evidence for Arctic invertebrates producing additional clutches in response to warming. This could be a common but overlooked phenomenon due to the challenges associated with long-term collection of life history data in the Arctic. Moreover, given that wolf spiders are a widely distributed, important tundra predator, we may expect to see population and food web consequences of their increased reproductive rates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hoye, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kresse, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koltz, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowden, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.30.070029</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Earlier springs enable High-Arctic wolf spiders to produce a second clutch]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.04.067181v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanical dysfunction induced by a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutation is the primary driver of cellular adaptation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.04.067181v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a leading cause of sudden cardiac death, is primarily caused by mutations in sarcomeric proteins. The pathogenesis of HCM is complex, with functional changes that span scales from molecules to tissues. This makes it challenging to deconvolve the biophysical molecular defect that drives the disease pathogenesis from downstream changes in cellular function. Here, we examined a HCM mutation in troponin T, R92Q. We demonstrate that the primary molecular insult driving the disease pathogenesis is mutation-induced alterations in tropomyosin positioning, which causes increased molecular and cellular force generation during calcium-based activation. We demonstrate computationally that these increases in force are direct consequences of the initial molecular insult. This altered cellular contractility causes downstream alterations in gene expression, calcium handling, and electrophysiology. Taken together, our results demonstrate that molecularly driven changes in mechanical tension drive the early disease pathogenesis, leading to activation of adaptive mechanobiological signaling pathways.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Clippinger, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cloonan, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenberg, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stump, W. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angsutararux, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nerbonne, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenberg, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.04.067181</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanical dysfunction induced by a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutation is the primary driver of cellular adaptation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.05.076273v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Brain/MINDS Beyond Human Brain MRI Study: Multi-Site Harmonization for Brain Disorders Throughout the Lifespan 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.05.076273v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Psychiatric and neurological disorders are afflictions of the brain that can affect individuals throughout their lifespan. Many brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have been conducted; however, imaging-based biomarkers are not yet well established for diagnostic and therapeutic use. This article describes an outline of the planned study, the Brain/MINDS Beyond human brain MRI project (FY2018 [~] FY2023), which aims to establish clinically-relevant imaging biomarkers with multi-site harmonization by collecting data from healthy traveling subjects (TS) at 13 research sites. Collection of data in psychiatric and neurological disorders across the lifespan is also scheduled at 13 sites, whereas designing measurement procedures, developing and analyzing neuroimaging protocols, and databasing are done at three research sites. The Harmonization protocol (HARP) was established for five high-quality 3T scanners to obtain multimodal brain images including T1 and T2-weighted, resting state and task functional and diffusion-weighted MRI. Data are preprocessed and analyzed using approaches developed by the Human Connectome Project. Preliminary results in 30 TS demonstrated cortical thickness, myelin, functional connectivity measures are comparable across 5 scanners, providing high reproducibility and sensitivity to subject-specific connectome. A total of 75 TS, as well as patients with various psychiatric and neurological disorders, are scheduled to participate in the project, allowing a mixed model statistical harmonization. The HARP protocols are publicly available online, and all the imaging, demographic and clinical information, harmonizing database will also be made available by 2024. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first project to implement a rigorous, prospective harmonization protocol with multi-site TS data. It explores intractable brain disorders across the lifespan and may help to identify the disease-specific pathophysiology and imaging biomarkers for clinical practice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Koike, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanaka, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okada, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aso, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asano, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maikusa, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morita, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okada, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fukunaga, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uematsu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Togo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miyazaki, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murata, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urushibata, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Autio, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ose, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoshiomoto, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Araki, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glasser, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Essen, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murayama, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadato, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawato, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kasai, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okamoto, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanakawa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayashi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brain/MINDS Beyond Human Brain MRI Group,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.05.076273</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Brain/MINDS Beyond Human Brain MRI Study: Multi-Site Harmonization for Brain Disorders Throughout the Lifespan]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.08.085498v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic redundancy in iron and manganese transport in the metabolically versatile bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris TIE-1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.08.085498v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The purple non-sulfur bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris TIE-1 can produce useful biochemicals such as bioplastics and biobutanol. Production of such biochemicals requires intracellular electron availability, which is governed by the availability and the transport of essential metals such as iron (Fe). Because of the distinct chemical properties of ferrous [Fe(II)] and ferric iron [Fe(III)], different transport systems are required for their transport and storage in bacteria. Although Fe(III) transport systems are well characterized, we know much less about Fe(II) transport systems except for the FeoAB system. Iron transporters can also import manganese (Mn). Here, we study Fe and Mn transport by five putative Fe transporters in TIE-1 under metal-replete, -deplete, oxic and anoxic conditions. We observe that by overexpressing feoAB, efeU, and nramp1AB, the intracellular concentration of Fe and Mn can be enhanced in TIE-1, under oxic and anoxic conditions, respectively. The deletion of a single gene/operon does not attenuate Fe or Mn uptake in TIE-1 regardless of the growth conditions used. This indicates that genetically dissimilar yet functionally redundant Fe transporters in TIE-1 can complement each other. Relative gene expression analysis shows that feoAB and efeU are expressed during Fe and Mn depletion under both oxic and anoxic conditions. The promoters of these transporter genes contain a combination of Fur and Fnr boxes suggesting that their expression is regulated by both Fe and oxygen availability. The findings from this study will help us modulate intracellular Fe and Mn concentration, ultimately improving TIE-1s ability to produce desirable biomolecules.

IMPORTANCERhodopseudomonas palustris TIE-1 is a metabolically versatile bacterium that can use various electron donors including Fe(II) and poised electrodes for photoautotrophic growth. TIE-1 can produce useful biomolecules such as biofuels and bioplastics during various growth conditions. Production of such reduced biomolecules is controlled by intracellular electron availability, which in turn is mediated by various iron-containing proteins in the cell. Several putative Fe transporters exist in TIE-1s genome. Some of these transporters can also transport Mn, part of several important cellular enzymes. Therefore, understanding the ability to transport and respond to varying levels of Fe and Mn under different conditions is important to improve TIE-1s ability to produce useful biomolecules. Our data suggest that by overexpressing Fe transporter genes via plasmid-based expression, we can increase the import of Fe and Mn in TIE-1. Future work will leverage these data to improve TIE-1 as an attractive microbial chassis and future biotechnological workhorse.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Singh, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ranaivoarisoa, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bose, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.08.085498</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic redundancy in iron and manganese transport in the metabolically versatile bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris TIE-1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.11.089334v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Conspecific negative density dependence and why its study should not be abandoned 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.11.089334v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent studies showing bias in the measurement of density dependence have the potential to sow confusion in the field of ecology. We provide clarity by elucidating key conceptual and statistical errors with the null-model approach used in Detto et al. (2019). We show that neither their null model nor a more biologically-appropriate null model reproduces differences in density-dependent recruitment between forests, indicating that the latitudinal gradient in negative density dependence is not an artefact of statistical bias. Finally, we suggest a path forward that combines observational comparisons of density dependence in multiple fitness components across localities with mechanistic and geographically-replicated experiments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>LaManna, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mangan, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myers, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.11.089334</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Conspecific negative density dependence and why its study should not be abandoned]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.12.091421v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-molecule 3D orientation imaging reveals nanoscale compositional heterogeneity in lipid membranes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.12.091421v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In soft matter, thermal energy causes molecules to continuously translate and rotate, even in crowded environments, impacting the spatial organization and function of most molecular assemblies, such as lipid membranes. Directly measuring the orientation and spatial organization of large collections (>3000 molecules/m2) of single molecules with nanoscale resolution remains elusive. We present SMOLM, single-molecule orientation localization microscopy, to directly measure the orientation spectra (3D orientation plus "wobble") of lipophilic probes transiently bound to lipid membranes, revealing that Nile reds (NR) orientation spectra are extremely sensitive to membrane chemical composition. SMOLM images resolve nanodomains and enzyme-induced compositional heterogeneity within membranes, where NR within liquid-ordered vs. liquid-disordered domains shows a ~4{degrees} difference in polar angle and a ~0.3{pi} sr difference in wobble angle. As a new type of imaging spectroscopy, SMOLM exposes the organizational and functional dynamics of lipid-lipid, lipid-protein, and lipid-dye interactions with single-molecule, nanoscale resolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazidi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lew, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.12.091421</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-molecule 3D orientation imaging reveals nanoscale compositional heterogeneity in lipid membranes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.13.093161v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gait asymmetry, and bilateral coordination of gait during a six-minute walk test in persons with multiple sclerosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.13.093161v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gait impairments in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) underlying reduced walking endurance are still poorly understood. Thus, our objective was to assessed gait asymmetry (GA) and bilateral coordination of gait (BCG), among pwMS during the six-minute walk test (6MWT) and their association with disease severity. For this aim, we recruited ninety-two pwMS (age: 46.6 {+/-} 7.9; 83% females) with a broad range of clinical disability who completed the 6MWT wearing gait analysis system. GA was assessed by comparing left and right swing times, and BCG by using the phase coordination index (PCI). Several functional and subjective gait assessments were performed. Results show that gait is more asymmetric and less coordinated as the disease progresses (p<.0001). Participants with mild MS showed significant better BCG as reflected by lower PCI values in comparison to the other two MS severity groups (severe: p =.001, moderate: p=.02). GA and PCI also deteriorated significantly with time during the 6MWT (p<.0001). GA and PCI (i.e., BCG) show somewhat weaker associations with clinical MS status than associations observed between functional and subjective gait assessments and MS status. Similar to other neurological cohorts, GA and PCI are important parameters to assess and to target in interventions among pwMS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Plotnik, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adusumilli, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gottlieb, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naismith, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.13.093161</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gait asymmetry, and bilateral coordination of gait during a six-minute walk test in persons with multiple sclerosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.13.093351v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Connecting coil-to-globule transitions to full phase diagrams for intrinsically disordered proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.13.093351v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phase separation is thought to underlie spatial and temporal organization that is required for controlling biochemical reactions in cells. Multivalence of interaction motifs also known as stickers is a defining feature of proteins that drive phase separation. Intrinsically disordered proteins with stickers uniformly distributed along the linear sequence can serve as scaffold molecules that drive phase separation. The sequence-intrinsic contributions of disordered proteins to phase separation can be discerned by computing or measuring sequence-specific phase diagrams. These help to delineate the combinations of protein concentration and a suitable control parameter such as temperature that support phase separation. Here, we present an approach that combines detailed simulations with a numerical adaptation of an analytical Gaussian cluster theory to enable the calculation of sequence-specific phase diagrams. Our approach leverages the known equivalence between the driving forces for single chain collapse in dilute solutions and the driving forces for phase separation in concentrated solutions. We demonstrate the application of the theory-aided computations through calculation of phase diagrams for a set of archetypal intrinsically disordered low complexity domains.

STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCEIntrinsically disordered proteins that have the requisite valence of adhesive linear motifs can drive phase separation and give rise to membraneless biomolecular condensates. Knowledge of how phase diagrams vary with amino acid sequence and changes to solution conditions is essential for understanding how proteins contribute to condensate assembly and dissolution. In this work, we introduce a new two-pronged computational approach to predict sequence-specific phase diagrams. This approach starts by extracting key parameters from simulations of single-chain coil-to-globule transitions. We use these parameters in our numerical implementation of the Gaussian cluster theory (GCT) for polymer solutions to construct sequences-specific phase diagrams. The method is efficient and demonstrably accurate and should pave the way for high-throughput assessments of phase behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zeng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chilkoti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mittag, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.13.093351</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Connecting coil-to-globule transitions to full phase diagrams for intrinsically disordered proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.18.102038v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neutralizing antibody and soluble ACE2 inhibition of a replication-competent VSV-SARS-CoV-2 and a clinical isolate of SARS-CoV-2. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.18.102038v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Antibody-based interventions against SARS-CoV-2 could limit morbidity, mortality, and possibly disrupt epidemic transmission. An anticipated correlate of such countermeasures is the level of neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, yet there is no consensus as to which assay should be used for such measurements. Using an infectious molecular clone of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) that expresses eGFP as a marker of infection, we replaced the glycoprotein gene (G) with the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 (VSV-eGFP-SARS-CoV-2) and developed a high-throughput imaging-based neutralization assay at biosafety level 2. We also developed a focus reduction neutralization test with a clinical isolate of SARS-CoV-2 at biosafety level 3. We compared the neutralizing activities of monoclonal and polyclonal antibody preparations, as well as ACE2-Fc soluble decoy protein in both assays and find an exceptionally high degree of concordance. The two assays will help define correlates of protection for antibody-based countermeasures including therapeutic antibodies, immune {gamma}-globulin or plasma preparations, and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Replication-competent VSV-eGFP-SARS-CoV-2 provides a rapid assay for testing inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 mediated entry that can be performed in 7.5 hours under reduced biosafety containment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Case, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rothlauf, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bloyet, L.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tahan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Droit, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ilagan, M. X. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tartell, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amarasinghe, G. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henderson, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miersch, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ustav, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sidhu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Virgin, H. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corti, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Theel, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fremont, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamond, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whelan, S. P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.18.102038</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neutralizing antibody and soluble ACE2 inhibition of a replication-competent VSV-SARS-CoV-2 and a clinical isolate of SARS-CoV-2.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.24.112771v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrated hiPSC-based liver and heart microphysiological systems predict unsafe drug-drug interaction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.24.112771v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microphysiological systems (MPSs) mimicking human organ function in vitro are an emerging alternative to conventional cell culture and animal models for drug development. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have the potential to capture the diversity of human genetics and provide an unlimited supply of cells. Combining hiPSCs with microfluidics technology in MPSs offers new perspectives for drug development. Here, the integration of a newly developed liver MPS with a cardiac MPS--both built with the same hiPSC line--to study drug-drug interaction (DDI) is reported. As a prominent example of clinically relevant DDI, the interaction of the arrhythmogenic gastroprokinetic cisapride with the fungicide ketoconazole was investigated. As seen in patients, metabolic conversion of cisapride to non-arrhythmogenic norcisapride in the liver MPS by the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP3A4 was inhibited by ketoconazole, leading to arrhythmia in the cardiac MPS. These results establish functional integration of isogenic hiPSC-based liver and cardiac MPSs, which allows screening for DDI, and thus drug efficacy and toxicity, in the same genetic background.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee-Montiel, F. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laemmle, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dumont, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huebsch, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charwat, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okochi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hancock, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siemons, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bogess, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goswami, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willenbring, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Healy, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.24.112771</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrated hiPSC-based liver and heart microphysiological systems predict unsafe drug-drug interaction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.25.108654v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inferring TF activities and activity regulators from gene expression data with constraints from TF perturbation data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.25.108654v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe activity of a transcription factor (TF) in a sample of cells is the extent to which it is exerting its regulatory potential. Many methods of inferring TF activity from gene expression data have been described, but due to the lack of appropriate large-scale datasets, systematic and objective validation has not been possible until now.

ResultsUsing a new dataset, we systematically evaluate and optimize the approach to TF activity inference in which a gene expression matrix is factored into a condition-independent matrix of control strengths and a condition-dependent matrix of TF activity levels. These approaches require a TF network map, which specifies the target genes of each TF, as input. We evaluate different approaches to building the network map and deriving constraints on the matrices. We find that such constraints are essential for good performance. Constraints can be obtained from expression data in which the activities of individual TFs have been perturbed, and we find that such data are both necessary and sufficient for obtaining good performance. Remaining uncertainty about whether a TF activates or represses a target is a major source of error. To a considerable extent, control strengths inferred using expression data from one growth condition carry over to other conditions. As a result, the control strength matrices derived here can be used for other applications. Finally, we apply these methods to gain insight into the upstream factors that regulate the activities of four yeast TFs: Gcr2, Gln3, Gcn4, and Msn2. Evaluation code and data available at https://github.com/BrentLab/TFA-evaluation

ConclusionsWhen a high-quality network map, constraints, and perturbation-response data are available, inferring TF activity levels by factoring gene expression matrices is effective. Furthermore, it provides insight into regulators of TF activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ma, C. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brent, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.25.108654</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inferring TF activities and activity regulators from gene expression data with constraints from TF perturbation data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.27.119636v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tumor-on-a-chip platform to interrogate the role of macrophages in tumor progression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.27.119636v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tumor-infiltrating leukocytes, in particular macrophages, play an important role in tumor behavior and clinical outcome. The spectrum of macrophage subtypes ranges from antitumor "M1"-type to protumor "M2"-type macrophages. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) typically display phenotypic features of both M1 and M2, and the population distribution is thought to be dynamic and evolve as the tumor progresses. However, our understanding of how TAMs impact the tumor microenvironment remains limited by the lack of appropriate 3D in vitro models that can capture cell to cell dynamics at high spatial and temporal resolution. Using our recently developed micro-physiological "tumor-on-a-chip" (TOC) device, we present here our findings on the impact of defined macrophage subsets on tumor behavior. The TOC device design contains three adjacent and connected chambers in which both the upper and lower chambers are loaded with tumor cells while the central chamber contains a dynamic, perfused, living microvascular network. Introduction of human pancreatic or colorectal cancer cells together with M1-polorized macrophages significantly inhibited tumor growth and tumor-induced angiogenesis. Protein analysis and antibody-based neutralization studies confirmed that these effects were mediated through production of chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11. By contrast, M2-macrophages mediated increased tumor cell migration into the vascularized chamber and did not inhibit tumor growth or angiogenesis. In fact, single-cell RNA-sequencing showed that M2 macrophages further segregated endothelial cells into two distinct subsets, corresponding to static cells in vessels versus active cells involved in angiogenesis. The impact of M2 macrophages was mediated mostly by production of MMP7 and ANGPT2. In summary, our data demonstrate the utility of the TOC device to mechanistically probe biological questions in a 3D in vitro microenvironment.

Insight BoxMacrophages in the tumor microenvironment are key determinants of tumor behavior and clinical outcome. The macrophage subset composition and its functional impact change as tumors progress or during treatment, but adequate models to study this are lacking. We developed a tumor-on-a-chip model of perfused 3D tumor growth to probe the impact of defined macrophage subsets. Our data is consistent with previously described macrophage activity in the tumor microenvironment, and provides potential new molecular targets. Herein, we demonstrate feasibility of probing immuno-oncology questions in a 3D in vitro microenvironment and at a spatiotemporal resolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shirure, V. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cunningham, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meacham, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goedegebuure, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fields, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.27.119636</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tumor-on-a-chip platform to interrogate the role of macrophages in tumor progression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.05.136481v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to acute infection with dynamic cellular and inflammatory flux in the lung that varies across nonhuman primate species 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.05.136481v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
There are no known cures or vaccines for COVID-19, the defining pandemic of this era. Animal models are essential to fast track new interventions and nonhuman primate (NHP) models of other infectious diseases have proven extremely valuable. Here we compare SARS-CoV-2 infection in three species of experimentally infected NHPs (rhesus macaques, baboons, and marmosets). During the first 3 days, macaques developed clinical signatures of viral infection and systemic inflammation, coupled with early evidence of viral replication and mild-to-moderate interstitial and alveolar pneumonitis, as well as extra-pulmonary pathologies. Cone-beam CT scans showed evidence of moderate pneumonia, which progressed over 3 days. Longitudinal studies showed that while both young and old macaques developed early signs of COVID-19, both groups recovered within a two-week period. Recovery was characterized by low-levels of viral persistence in the lung, suggesting mechanisms by which individuals with compromised immune systems may be susceptible to prolonged and progressive COVID-19. The lung compartment contained a complex early inflammatory milieu with an influx of innate and adaptive immune cells, particularly interstitial macrophages, neutrophils and plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and a prominent Type I-interferon response. While macaques developed moderate disease, baboons exhibited prolonged shedding of virus and extensive pathology following infection; and marmosets demonstrated a milder form of infection. These results showcase in critical detail, the robust early cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection, which are not sterilizing and likely impact development of antibody responses. Thus, various NHP genera recapitulate heterogeneous progression of COVID-19. Rhesus macaques and baboons develop different, quantifiable disease attributes making them immediately available essential models to test new vaccines and therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Singh, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ganatra, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cole, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alfson, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clemmons, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gazi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Escabedo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, T.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatterjee, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goez-Gazi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thippeshappa, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gough, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blakely, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferdin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartley, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Staples, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parodi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Callery, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mannino, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klaffke, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Escareno, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Platt, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodara, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scordo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oyejide, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ajithdoss, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Copin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baum, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kyratsous, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarez, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosa, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodroe, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dutton, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall-Ursone, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frost, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voges, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ross, C. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sayers, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hallam, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khader, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>M</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.05.136481</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to acute infection with dynamic cellular and inflammatory flux in the lung that varies across nonhuman primate species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.05.136614v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Artificial scaffolds that mimic the plant extracellular environment for the culture and attachment of plant cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.05.136614v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plant growth and development involves an intricate program of cell division and cell expansion to generate different cell types, tissue patterns and organ shapes. Plant cells are stuck together by their cell walls and the spatial context of cells within tissues plays a critical role in cell fate specification and morphogenesis. An in vitro model system to study plant development and its regulation by various extrinsic and intrinsic factors requires the ability to mimic the physical interactions between cells and their environment. Here, we present a set of artificial scaffolds to which cultured tobacco BY-2 cells adhere without causing morphological abnormalities. These scaffolds mimic native plant cell walls in terms of their fibrous nature, charge, hydrophobicity and piezoelectricity. We found that the extent of plant cell adhesion was essentially insensitive to the stiffness, fiber dimension, and fiber orientation of the scaffolds, but was affected by the piezoelectric properties of scaffolds where adhesion increased on piezoelectric materials. We also found that the plant cell wall polysaccharide, pectin, is largely responsible for adhesion to scaffolds, analogous to pectin-mediated adhesion of plant cells in tissues. Together, this work establishes biomimetic scaffolds that realistically emulate the plant tissue environment and provide the capability to develop microfluidic devices to study how cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions affect plant developmental pathways.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Calcutt, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vincent, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dean, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arinzeh, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixit, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.05.136614</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Artificial scaffolds that mimic the plant extracellular environment for the culture and attachment of plant cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.08.141077v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase suppresses SARS-CoV-2 replication by blocking membrane fusion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.08.141077v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H) is an interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) that shows broad antiviral activities against a wide range of enveloped viruses. Here, using an ISG screen against VSV-SARS-CoV and VSV-SARS-CoV-2 chimeric viruses, we identified CH25H and its enzymatic product 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC) as potent inhibitors of virus replication. Mechanistically, internalized 25HC accumulates in the late endosomes and blocks cholesterol export, thereby restricting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein catalyzed membrane fusion. Our results highlight a unique antiviral mechanism of 25HC and provide the molecular basis for its possible therapeutic development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ding, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Case, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez Castro, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Son, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rothlauf, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bose, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vahey, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirchhausen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fremont, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamond, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whelan, S. P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.08.141077</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase suppresses SARS-CoV-2 replication by blocking membrane fusion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.14.151167v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single cell transcriptional and chromatin accessibility profiling redefine cellular heterogeneity in the adult human kidney 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.14.151167v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The integration of single cell transcriptome and chromatin accessibility datasets enables a deeper understanding of cell heterogeneity. We performed single nucleus ATAC (snATAC-seq) and RNA (snRNA-seq) sequencing to generate paired, cell-type-specific chromatin accessibility and transcriptional profiles of the adult human kidney. We demonstrate that snATAC-seq is comparable to snRNA-seq in the assignment of cell identity and can further refine our understanding of functional heterogeneity in the nephron. The majority of differentially accessible chromatin regions are localized to promoters and a significant proportion are closely-associated with differentially expressed genes. Cell-type-specific enrichment of transcription factor binding motifs implicates the activation of NF{kappa}B that promotes VCAM1 expression and drives transition between a subpopulation of proximal tubule epithelial cells. These datasets can be visualized at this resource: http://humphreyslab.com/SingleCell/. Our multi-omics approach improves the ability to detect unique cell states within the kidney and redefines cellular heterogeneity in the proximal tubule and thick ascending limb.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Muto, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waikar, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humphreys, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.14.151167</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single cell transcriptional and chromatin accessibility profiling redefine cellular heterogeneity in the adult human kidney]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.15.153072v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PKIS Deep Dive Yields a Chemical Starting Point for Dark Kinases and a Cell Active BRSK2 Inhibitor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.15.153072v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Published Kinase Inhibitor Set (PKIS) is a publicly-available chemogenomic library distributed to more than 300 laboratories by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) between 2011–2015 and by SGC-UNC from 2015–2017. Screening this library of well-annotated, published kinase inhibitors has yielded a plethora of data in diverse therapeutic and scientific areas, funded applications, publications, and provided impactful pre-clinical results. Based on kinome-wide screening results, we report a thorough investigation of one PKIS compound, GW296115, as an inhibitor of several members of the Illuminating the Druggable Genome (IDG) list of understudied dark kinases. Specifically, GW296115 validates as a potent lead chemical tool that inhibits six IDG kinases with IC50 values less than 100nM. Focused studies establish that GW296115 is cell active, and directly engages BRSK2. Further evaluation showed that GW296115 downregulates BRSK2-driven phosphorylation and downstream signaling.Summary Statement GW296115 inhibits understudied kinases, including BRSK2, with IC50 values less than 100nM.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tamir, T. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drewry, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wells, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Major, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Axtman, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.15.153072</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PKIS Deep Dive Yields a Chemical Starting Point for Dark Kinases and a Cell Active BRSK2 Inhibitor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.15.153312v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Habitat patchiness drives spatial structure in morphological trait variation and co-variation in spotted salamanders (Ambystoma maculatum) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.15.153312v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The influence of intraspecific trait variation on species interactions makes trait-based approaches critical to understanding eco-evolutionary processes. Because species occupy habitats that are patchily distributed in space, advancement in trait-based ecology hinges on understanding how trait variation is distributed within and between habitat patches. We sampled larval spotted salamanders (Ambystoma maculatum) across spatially discrete ponds to quantify within- and between-pond variation in mass, length, and their allometric relationship. Between-pond variation explained 7-35% of total observed variation in the length and shape of salamander larvae, depending on the body segment measured (i.e., head, body, or tail). Salamander tail morphology was more variable and exhibited more between-pond variation than head or body morphology. Salamander mass was highly variable and strongly correlated with total length. Allometric analysis revealed that the slopes of mass-length relationships were similar across ponds, but that intercepts differed across ponds. Preliminary evidence hinted that newly constructed ponds were a driver of the observed differences in mass-length relationships. Pond construction may therefore bolster trait diversity across the broader landscape, and in so doing instil more adaptive potential of salamander populations under current and future environmental change.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Green, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dell, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crawford, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biro, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daversa, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.15.153312</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Habitat patchiness drives spatial structure in morphological trait variation and co-variation in spotted salamanders (Ambystoma maculatum)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.24.168724v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Shared and unique brain network features predict cognition, personality and mental health in childhood 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.24.168724v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The manner through which individual differences in brain network organization track population-level behavioral variability is a fundamental question in systems neuroscience. Recent work suggests that resting-state and task-state functional connectivity can predict specific traits at the individual level. However, the focus of most studies on single behavioral traits has come at the expense of capturing broader relationships across behaviors. Here, we utilized a large-scale dataset of 1858 typically developing children to estimate whole-brain functional network organization that is predictive of individual differences in cognition, impulsivity-related personality, and mental health during rest and task states. Predictive network features were distinct across the broad behavioral domains: cognition, personality and mental health. On the other hand, traits within each behavioral domain were predicted by highly similar network features. This is surprising given decades of research emphasizing that distinct brain networks support different mental processes. Although tasks are known to modulate the functional connectome, we found that predictive network features were similar between resting and task states. Overall, our findings reveal shared brain network features that account for individual variation within broad domains of behavior in childhood, yet are unique to different behavioral domains.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tam, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kebets, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orban, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ooi, L. Q. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dosenbach, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eickhoff, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bzdok, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holmes, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, B. T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.24.168724</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Shared and unique brain network features predict cognition, personality and mental health in childhood]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.25.171611v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GENERATION OF HEART ORGANOIDS MODELING EARLY HUMAN CARDIAC DEVELOPMENT UNDER DEFINED CONDITIONS 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.25.171611v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cardiovascular-related disorders are a significant worldwide health problem. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in developed countries, making up a third of the mortality rate in the US1. Congenital heart defects (CHD) affect ∼1% of all live births2, making it the most common birth defect in humans. Current technologies provide some insight into how these disorders originate but are limited in their ability to provide a complete overview of disease pathogenesis and progression due to their lack of physiological complexity. There is a pressing need to develop more faithful organ-like platforms recapitulating complex in vivo phenotypes to study human development and disease in vitro. Here, we report the most faithful in vitro organoid model of human cardiovascular development to date using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Our protocol is highly efficient, scalable, shows high reproducibility and is compatible with high-throughput approaches. Furthermore, our hPSC-based heart organoids (hHOs) showed very high similarity to human fetal hearts, both morphologically and in cell-type complexity. hHOs were differentiated using a two-step manipulation of Wnt signaling using chemical inhibitors and growth factors in completely defined media and culture conditions. Organoids were successfully derived from multiple independent hPSCs lines with very similar efficiency. hHOs started beating at ∼6 days, were mostly spherical and grew up to ∼1 mm in diameter by day 15 of differentiation. hHOs developed sophisticated, interconnected internal chambers and confocal analysis for cardiac markers revealed the presence of all major cardiac lineages, including cardiomyocytes (TNNT2+), epicardial cells (WT1+, TJP+), cardiac fibroblasts (THY1+, VIM+), endothelial cells (PECAM1+), and endocardial cells (NFATC1+). Morphologically, hHOs developed well-defined epicardial and adjacent myocardial regions and presented a distinct vascular plexus as well as endocardial-lined microchambers. RNA-seq time-course analysis of hHOs, monolayer differentiated iPSCs and fetal human hearts revealed that hHOs recapitulate human fetal heart tissue development better than previously described differentiation protocols3,4. hHOs allow higher-order interaction of distinct heart tissues for the first time and display biologically relevant physical and topographical 3D cues that closely resemble the human fetal heart. Our model constitutes a powerful novel tool for discovery and translational studies in human cardiac development and disease.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Israeli, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabalski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ball, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wasserman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ni, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguirre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.25.171611</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GENERATION OF HEART ORGANOIDS MODELING EARLY HUMAN CARDIAC DEVELOPMENT UNDER DEFINED CONDITIONS]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.25.172320v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
N-terminal modification of actin by acetylation and arginylation determines the architecture and assembly rate of linear and branched actin networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.25.172320v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The great diversity in actin network architectures and dynamics is exploited by cells to drive fundamental biological processes, including cell migration, endocytosis and cell division. While it is known that this versatility is the result of the many actin-remodeling activities of actin-binding proteins, recent work implicates post-translational modification of the actin N-terminus by either acetylation or arginylation itself as an equally important regulatory mechanism. However, the molecular mechanisms by which acetylation and arginylation alter the properties of actin are not well understood. Here, we directly compare how processing, and modification of the N-terminus of actin affects its intrinsic polymerization dynamics and its remodeling by actin-binding proteins that are essential for cell migration. We find that in comparison to acetylated actin, arginylated actin reduces intrinsic as well as formin-mediated elongation and Arp2/3-mediated nucleation. By contrast, there are no significant differences in Cofilin-mediated severing. Taken together, these results suggest that cells can employ the differently modified actins to precisely regulate actin dynamics. In addition, unprocessed, or non-acetylated actin show very different effects on formin-mediated-elongation, Arp2/3-mediated nucleation, and severing by Cofilin. Altogether, this study shows that the nature of the N-terminus of actin can induce distinct actin network dynamics, which can be differentially used by cells to locally finetune actin dynamics at distinct cellular locations, such as at the leading edge.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chin, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatano, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sivashanmugam, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suchenko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kashina, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>BALASUBRAMANIAN, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jansen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.25.172320</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[N-terminal modification of actin by acetylation and arginylation determines the architecture and assembly rate of linear and branched actin networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.26.173922v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The structure and diversity of strain level variation in vaginal bacteria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.26.173922v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The vaginal microbiome plays an important role in human health and species of vaginal bacteria have been associated with reproductive disease. Strain level variation is also thought to be important, but the diversity, structure and evolutionary history of vaginal strains is not as well characterized. We developed and validated an approach to measure strain variation from metagenomic data based on SNPs within the core-genomes for six species of vaginal bacteria: G. vaginalis, L. crispatus, L. iners, L. jensenii, L. gasseri, and A. vaginae. Despite inhabiting the same environment, strain diversity and structure varies across species. All species except L. iners are characterized by multiple distinct groups of strains. Even so, strain diversity is lower in the Lactobacillus species, consistent with a more recent colonization of the human vaginal microbiome. Both strain diversity and the frequency of multi-strain samples is related to species-level diversity of the microbiome in which they occur, suggesting similar ecological factors influencing diversity within the vaginal niche. We conclude that the structure of strain level variation provides both the motivation and means of testing whether strain level differences contribute to the function and health consequences of the vaginal microbiome.

Data SummaryAll vaginal metagenomic sequence data generated for this project can be found on the Sequence Read Archive under BioProject PRJNA639592.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tortelli, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fay, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.26.173922</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The structure and diversity of strain level variation in vaginal bacteria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.26.174052v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LINE-1 expression in cancer correlates with DNA damage response, copy number variation, and cell cycle progression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.26.174052v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ABSTRACTRetrotransposons are genomic DNA sequences that are capable of copying themselves to new genomic locations via RNA intermediates; LINE-1 is the only retrotransposon that remains autonomous and active in the human genome. The mobility of LINE-1 is largely repressed in somatic tissues, but LINE-1 is active in many cancers. Recent studies using LINE-1 constructs indicate that host cells activate a DNA damage response (DDR) to repair retrotransposition intermediates and resolve conflicts between LINE-1 and DNA replication. Using multi-omic data from the CPTAC project, we found correlations between LINE-1 expression and ATM-MRN-SMC DDR signalling in endometrial cancer and between LINE-1 and the ATR-CHEK1 pathway in p53 wild type breast cancer. This provides evidence that conflicts between LINE-1 and DNA replication occur in at least some human cancers. Furthermore, LINE-1 expression in these cancers is correlated with the total amount of copy number variation genome wide, indicating that, when active in cancer, pointing to a direct impact of LINE-1 associated DNA damage on genome structure. We also find that, in endometrial and ovarian cancer, LINE-1 expression is correlated with the expression of genes that drive cycle progression including E2F3, PLK1 and Aurora kinase B. This study provides evidence, supporting recent work in model cell lines, of a LINE-1/DDR connection in human tumors and raises the possibility of additional interactions between LINE-1 and the cell cycle.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McKerrow, W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mita, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grivainis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LaCava, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boeke, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fenyö, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.26.174052</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LINE-1 expression in cancer correlates with DNA damage response, copy number variation, and cell cycle progression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.27.175430v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Citizen Scientists Create an Exascale Computer to Combat COVID-19 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.27.175430v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 has intricate mechanisms for initiating infection, immune evasion/suppression, and replication, which depend on the structure and dynamics of its constituent proteins. Many protein structures have been solved, but far less is known about their relevant conformational changes. To address this challenge, over a million citizen scientists banded together through the Folding@home distributed computing project to create the first exascale computer and simulate an unprecedented 0.1 seconds of the viral proteome. Our simulations capture dramatic opening of the apo Spike complex, far beyond that seen experimentally, which explains and successfully predicts the existence of  cryptic epitopes. Different Spike homologues modulate the probabilities of open versus closed structures, balancing receptor binding and immune evasion. We also observe dramatic conformational changes across the proteome, which reveal over 50  cryptic pockets that expand targeting options for the design of antivirals. All data and models are freely available online, providing a quantitative structural atlas.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zimmerman, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porter, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ward, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vithani, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meller, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mallimadugula, U. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuhn, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borowsky, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiewiora, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hurley, M. F. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harbison, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fogarty, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coffland, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fadda, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voelz, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chodera, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.27.175430</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Citizen Scientists Create an Exascale Computer to Combat COVID-19]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.29.177964v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Parallel Ratchet-Stroke Mechanism Leads to an Optimum Force for Molecular Motor Function. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.29.177964v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Molecular motors convert chemical potential energy into mechanical work and perform a great number of critical biological functions. Examples include the polymerization and manipulation of nucleic acids, the generation of cellular motility and contractility, the formation and maintenance of cell shape, and the transport of materials within cells. The mechanisms underlying these molecular machines are routinely divided into two categories: Brownian ratchet and power stroke. While a ratchet uses chemical energy to bias thermally activated motion, a stroke depends on a direct coupling between chemical events and motion. However, the multi-dimensional nature of protein energy landscapes allows for the possibility of multiple reaction paths connecting two states. Here, we investigate the properties of a hypothetical molecular motor able to utilize parallel ratchet and stroke translocation mechanisms. We explore motor velocity and force-dependence as a function of the energy landscape of each path and reveal the potential for such a mechanism to result in an optimum force for motor function. We explore how the presence of this optimum depends on the rates of the individual paths and show that the distribution of stepping times characterized by the randomness parameter may be used to test for parallel path mechanisms. Lastly, we caution that experimental data consisting solely of measurements of velocity as a function of ATP concentration and force cannot be used to eliminate the possibility of such a parallel path mechanism.

SIGNIFICANCEMolecular motors perform various mechanical functions in cells allowing them to move, replicate and perform various housekeeping functions required for life. Biophysical studies often aim to determine the molecular mechanism by which these motors convert chemical energy to mechanical work by fitting experimental data with kinetic models that fall into one of two classes: Brownian ratchets or power strokes. However, nothing a priori requires that a motor function via a single mechanism. Here, we consider a theoretical construct where a motor has access to both class of mechanism in parallel. Combining stochastic simulations and analytical solutions we describe unique signatures of such a mechanism that could be observed experimentally. We also show that absence of these signatures does not formally eliminate the existence of such a parallel mechanism. These findings expand our theoretical understanding of the potential motor behaviors with which to interpret experimental results.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mallimadugula, U. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galburt, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.29.177964</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Parallel Ratchet-Stroke Mechanism Leads to an Optimum Force for Molecular Motor Function.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.29.179242v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The transcription factor Pdr802 regulates Cryptococcus neoformans Titan cell production and pathogenicity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.29.179242v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cryptococcus neoformans is a ubiquitous, opportunistic fungal pathogen that kills almost 200,000 people worldwide each year. It is acquired when mammalian hosts inhale the infectious propagules; these are deposited in the lung and, in the context of immunocompromise, may disseminate to the brain and cause lethal meningoencephalitis. Once inside the host, C. neoformans undergoes a variety of adaptive processes, including secretion of virulence factors, expansion of a polysaccharide capsule that impedes phagocytosis, and the production of giant (Titan) cells. The transcription factor Pdr802 is one regulator of these responses to the host environment. Expression of the corresponding gene is highly induced under host-like conditions in vitro and is critical for C. neoformans dissemination and virulence in a mouse model of infection. Direct targets of Pdr802 include the quorum sensing proteins Pqp1, Opt1 and Liv3; the transcription factors Stb4, Zfc3 and Bzp4, which regulate cryptococcal brain infectivity and capsule thickness; the calcineurin targets Had1 and Crz1, important for cell wall remodeling and C. neoformans virulence; and additional genes related to resistance to host temperature and oxidative stress, and to urease activity. Notably, cryptococci engineered to lack Pdr802 showed a dramatic increase in Titan cells, which are not phagocytosed and have diminished ability to directly cross biological barriers. This explains the limited dissemination of pdr802 mutant cells to the central nervous system and the consequently reduced virulence of this strain. The role of Pdr802 as a negative regulator of Titan cell formation is thus critical for cryptococcal pathogenicity.

IMPORTANCEThe pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans presents a worldwide threat to human health, especially in the context of immunocompromise, and current antifungal therapy is hindered by cost, limited availability, and inadequate efficacy. After the infectious particle is inhaled, C. neoformans initiates a complex transcriptional program that integrates cellular responses and enables adaptation to the host lung environment. Here we describe the role of the transcription factor Pdr802 in the response to host conditions and its impact on C. neoformans virulence. We identified direct targets of Pdr802 and also discovered that it regulates cellular features that influence movement of this pathogen from the lung to the brain, where it causes fatal disease. These findings advance our understanding of a serious disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Reuwsaat, J. C. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Motta, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agustinho, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kmetzsch, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doering, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.29.179242</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The transcription factor Pdr802 regulates Cryptococcus neoformans Titan cell production and pathogenicity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.01.183079v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Smoothened Transduces Hedgehog Signals via Activity-Dependent Sequestration of PKA Catalytic Subunits 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.01.183079v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ABSTRACTThe Hedgehog (Hh) pathway is essential for organ development, homeostasis, and regeneration. Dysfunction of this cascade drives several cancers. To control expression of pathway target genes, the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) Smoothened (SMO) activates glioma-associated (GLI) transcription factors via an unknown mechanism. Here we show that, rather than conforming to traditional GPCR signaling paradigms, SMO activates GLI by binding and sequestering protein kinase A (PKA) catalytic subunits at the membrane. This sequestration, triggered by GPCR kinase 2 (GRK2)-mediated phosphorylation of SMO intracellular domains, prevents PKA from phosphorylating soluble substrates, releasing GLI from PKA-mediated inhibition. Our work provides a mechanism directly linking Hh signal transduction at the membrane to GLI transcription in the nucleus. This process is more fundamentally similar between species than prevailing hypotheses suggest. The mechanism described here may apply broadly to other GPCR- and PKA-containing cascades in diverse areas of biology.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arveseth, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Happ, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hedeen, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Capener, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaw, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deshpande, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stubben, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, I. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krogan, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grunwald, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hüttenhain, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manglik, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myers, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.01.183079</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Smoothened Transduces Hedgehog Signals via Activity-Dependent Sequestration of PKA Catalytic Subunits]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.04.187161v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Calmodulin acts as a state-dependent switch to control a cardiac potassium channel opening 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.04.187161v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Calmodulin (CaM) and PIP2 are potent regulators of the voltage-gated potassium channel KCNQ1 (KV7.1), which conducts the IKs current important for repolarization of cardiac action potentials. Although cryo-EM structures revealed intricate interactions between the KCNQ1 voltage-sensing domain (VSD), CaM, and PIP2, the functional consequences of these interactions remain unknown. Here, we show that CaM-VSD interactions act as a state-dependent switch to control KCNQ1 pore opening. Combined electrophysiology and molecular dynamics network analysis suggest that VSD transition into the fully-activated state allows PIP2 to compete with CaM for binding to VSD, leading to the conformational change that alters the VSD-pore coupling. We identify a motif in the KCNQ1 cytosolic domain which works downstream of CaM-VSD interactions to facilitate the conformational change. Our findings suggest a gating mechanism that integrates PIP2 and CaM in KCNQ1 voltage-dependent activation, yielding insights into how KCNQ1 gains the phenotypes critical for its function in the heart.Competing Interest StatementJ.S. and J.C. are cofounders of a startup company VivoCor LLC, which is targeting IKs for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmia. The authors declare that they have no other competing interests.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kang, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westerlund, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McFarland White, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dou, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delemotte, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.04.187161</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Calmodulin acts as a state-dependent switch to control a cardiac potassium channel opening]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.06.189878v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Virulent disease epidemics can increase host density by depressing foraging of hosts 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.06.189878v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
All else equal, parasites that harm host fitness should depress densities of their hosts. However, parasites that alter host traits may increase host density via indirect ecological interactions. Here, we show how depression of infected host foraging rate can produce such a hydra effect. Using a foraging assay, we quantified reduced foraging rates of a zooplankton host infected with a virulent fungal parasite. We then parameterized a dynamical model of hosts, parasites, and resources with this foraging function, showing how foraging depression can create a hydra effect. Mathematically, the hydra arose when increased resource productivity exceeded any increase in resource consumption per host. Therefore, the foraging-mediated hydra effect more likely emerged (1) for hosts which strongly control logistic-like resources and (2) during larger epidemics of moderately virulent parasites. We then analyzed epidemics from 13 fungal epidemics in nature. We found evidence for a foraging-mediated hydra effect: large outbreaks depressed foraging rate and correlated with increased densities of both algae and hosts. Therefore, depression of foraging rate of infected hosts can produce higher host densities even during epidemics of parasites that increase host mortality. Such hydras might prevent collapse of host populations but also could produce higher densities of infected hosts.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Penczykowski, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shocket, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Housley Ochs, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemanski, B. C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sundar, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duffy, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.06.189878</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Virulent disease epidemics can increase host density by depressing foraging of hosts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.09.196386v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Replication-competent vesicular stomatitis virus vaccine vector protects against SARS-CoV-2-mediated pathogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.09.196386v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused millions of human infections and hundreds of thousands of deaths. Accordingly, an effective vaccine is of critical importance in mitigating coronavirus induced disease 2019 (COVID-19) and curtailing the pandemic. We developed a replication-competent vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-based vaccine by introducing a modified form of the SARS-CoV-2 spike gene in place of the native glycoprotein gene (VSV-eGFP-SARS-CoV-2). Immunization of mice with VSV-eGFP-SARS-CoV-2 elicits high titers of antibodies that neutralize SARS-CoV-2 infection and target the receptor binding domain that engages human angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2). Upon challenge with a human isolate of SARS-CoV-2, mice expressing human ACE2 and immunized with VSV-eGFP-SARS-CoV-2 show profoundly reduced viral infection and inflammation in the lung indicating protection against pneumonia. Finally, passive transfer of sera from VSV-eGFP-SARS-CoV-2-immunized animals protects naive mice from SARS-CoV-2 challenge. These data support development of VSV-eGFP-SARS-CoV-2 as an attenuated, replication-competent vaccine against SARS-CoV-2.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>James Brett Case</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul Rothlauf</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rita E. Chen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Natasha Kafai</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Julie M. Fox</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swathi Shrihari</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Broc T. McCune</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ian B. Harvey</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brittany Smith</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shamus Keeler</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Louis-Marie Bloyet</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emma S Winkler</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael J. Holtzman</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daved H. Fremont</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sean P. J. Whelan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael S. Diamond</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.09.196386</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Replication-competent vesicular stomatitis virus vaccine vector protects against SARS-CoV-2-mediated pathogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.10.195859v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DNMT3A haploinsufficiency results in behavioral deficits and global epigenomic dysregulation shared across neurodevelopment disorders 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.10.195859v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mutations in DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) have been detected in autism and related disorders, but how these mutations disrupt nervous system function is unknown. Here we define the effects of neurodevelopmental disease-associated DNMT3A mutations. We show that diverse mutations affect different aspects of protein activity yet lead to shared deficiencies in neuronal DNA methylation. Heterozygous DNMT3A knockout mice mimicking DNMT3A disruption in disease display growth and behavioral alterations consistent with human phenotypes. Strikingly, in these mice we detect global disruption of neuron-enriched non-CG DNA methylation, a binding site for the Rett syndrome protein MeCP2. Loss of this methylation leads to enhancer and gene dysregulation that overlaps with models of Rett syndrome and autism. These findings define effects of DNMT3A haploinsufficiency in the brain and uncover disruption of the non-CG methylation pathway as a convergence point across neurodevelopmental disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Christian, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, D. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clemens, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nettles, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirkland, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hill, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wozniak, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabel, H. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.10.195859</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DNMT3A haploinsufficiency results in behavioral deficits and global epigenomic dysregulation shared across neurodevelopment disorders]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.15.204305v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Small molecule resensitizes Salmonella to itaconate and decreases bacterial proliferation in macrophages 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.15.204305v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Antimicrobial resistance is a global health crisis offering little reprieve. The situation urgently calls for new drug targets and therapies for infections. We have previously suggested a different approach to treat infections, termed bacterio-modulation, in which a compound modulates the bacterial response to the host immune defense. Herein we show that monocytes infected with Salmonella enterica spp. Typhimurium can be cured using non-antimicrobial compounds that resensitize the bacterium to itaconate, a macrophage-derived antimicrobial metabolite. We propose that this represents a novel strategy to treat infections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Duncan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Artyomov, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Auclair, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.15.204305</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Small molecule resensitizes Salmonella to itaconate and decreases bacterial proliferation in macrophages]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.15.204578v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Liver inflammation before spinal cord injury worsens neuropathology, hepatic injury, metabolic syndrome and locomotor deficits 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.15.204578v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Liver inflammation can enhance acute leukocyte recruitment to sites of central nervous system (CNS) injury. The consequences of hepatic inflammation on recovery after injury, however, are unknown. Here, we hypothesize that liver inflammation at the time of spinal cord injury (SCI) will exacerbate spinal cord pathology and impair recovery. Rats receiving SCI with concomitant liver inflammation had worse intraspinal pathology and greater locomotor deficits than rats with baseline liver inflammation. Hepatic inflammation also potentiated SCI-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), endotoxemia, insulin resistance and adiposity. Circulating and cerebrospinal levels of Fetuin-A were higher in SCI rats with liver inflammation. When microinjected into intact spinal cords, Fetuin-A caused robust macrophage activation, iron accumulation and neuron loss. These studies verify that outcomes from CNS injury are worse if the liver is concomitantly inflamed and implicate Fetuin-A as a potential neuropathological mediator. These novel data suggest hepatic inflammation is a potential clinical target for improving recovery from SCI.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Goodus, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carson, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sauerbeck, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dey, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alfredo, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Popovich, P. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruno, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McTigue, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.15.204578</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Liver inflammation before spinal cord injury worsens neuropathology, hepatic injury, metabolic syndrome and locomotor deficits]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.21.214809v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
cDC1 Coordinate Innate and Adaptive Responses in the Omentum required for T cell Priming and Memory 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.21.214809v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The omentum in the peritoneal cavity contains fat associated lymphoid clusters (FALCs) whose role in the response to microbial challenge are poorly understood. After intraperitoneal immunization with Toxoplasma gondii, type I dendritic cells (cDC1) were critical to induce innate sources of IFN-{gamma} required to recruit monocytes to the FALCs. The migration of infected peritoneal macrophages into T and B cell rich areas of the FALCs allowed the TCR-induced activation of parasite-specific T cells. Unexpectedly, cDC1 were not required for T cell priming but rather supported the expansion of parasite-specific CD8+ T cells. An agent-based mathematical model predicted that the lack of cDC1 would impact the early proliferative burst, and we confirmed that cDC1 were required for optimal T cell expression of nutrient uptake receptors and cell survival. These studies highlight that cDC1 in the FALCs have distinct roles in the co-ordination of the innate and adaptive responses to microbial challenge.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Christian, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shallberg, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Theisen, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phan, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abraha, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perry, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruthel, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kedl, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunter, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.21.214809</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[cDC1 Coordinate Innate and Adaptive Responses in the Omentum required for T cell Priming and Memory]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.22.216978v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The glycoprotease CpaA secreted by medically relevant Acinetobacter species targets multiple O-linked host glycoproteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.22.216978v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glycans decorate proteins and affect their biological function, including protection against proteolytic degradation. However, pathogenic, and commensal bacteria have evolved specific glycoproteases that overcome the steric impediment posed by carbohydrates, cleaving glycoproteins precisely at their glycosylation site(s). Medically relevant Acinetobacter strains employ their type II secretion system (T2SS) to secrete the glycoprotease CpaA, which contributes to virulence. Previously, CpaA was shown to cleave two O-linked glycoproteins, factors V and XII, leading to reduced blood coagulation. In this work, we show that CpaA cleaves a broader range of O-linked human glycoproteins, including several glycoproteins involved in complement activation, such as CD55 and CD46. However, only CD55 was removed from the cell surface, while CD46 remained unaltered during the A. nosocomialis infection assay. We show that CpaA has a unique consensus target sequence that consists of a glycosylated serine or threonine residue after a proline residue (P-S/T), and its activity is not affected by sialic acids. Molecular modeling and mutagenesis analysis of CpaA suggest that the indole ring of Trp493 and the ring of the Pro residue in the substrate form a key interaction that contributes to CpaA sequence selectivity. Similar bacterial glycoproteases have recently gained attention as tools for proteomic analysis of human glycoproteins, and CpaA appears to be a robust and attractive new component of the glycoproteomics toolbox. Combined, our work provides insight into the function and possible application of CpaA, a member of a widespread class of broad-spectrum bacterial glycoproteases involved in host-pathogen interactions.

IMPORTANCECpaA is a glycoprotease expressed by members of the Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex and it is the first bona fide secreted virulence factor identified in these species. Here, we show that CpaA cleaves multiple targets precisely at O-glycosylation sites preceded by a Pro residue. This feature, together with the observation that sialic acid does not impact CpaA activity, makes of this enzyme an attractive tool for the analysis of O-linked human protein for biotechnical and diagnostic purposes. Previous work identified proteins involved in blood coagulation as targets of CpaA. Our work broadens the set of targets of CpaA, pointing towards additional roles in bacteria-host interactions. We propose that CpaA belongs to an expanding class of functionally-defined glycoproteases that targets multiple O-linked host glycoproteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Haurat, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Venanzio, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pluvinage, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boraston, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferracane, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feldman, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.22.216978</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The glycoprotease CpaA secreted by medically relevant Acinetobacter species targets multiple O-linked host glycoproteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.27.222778v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modelling white matter in gyral blades as a continuous vector field 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.27.222778v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
1Many brain imaging studies aim to measure structural connectivity with diffusion tractography. However, biases in tractography data, particularly near the boundary between white matter and cortical grey matter can limit the accuracy of such studies. When seeding from the white matter, streamlines tend to travel parallel to the convoluted cortical surface, largely avoiding sulcal fundi and terminating preferentially on gyral crowns. When seeding from the cortical grey matter, streamlines generally run near the cortical surface until reaching deep white matter. These so-called "gyral biases" limit the accuracy and effective resolution of cortical structural connectivity profiles estimated by tractography algorithms, and they do not reflect the expected distributions of axonal densities seen in invasive tracer studies or stains of myelinated fibres. We propose an algorithm that concurrently models fibre density and orientation using a divergence-free vector field within gyral blades to encourage an anatomically-justified streamline density distribution along the cortical white/grey-matter boundary while maintaining alignment with the diffusion MRI estimated fibre orientations. Using in vivo data from the Human Connectome Project, we show that this algorithm reduces tractography biases. We compare the structural connectomes to functional connectomes from resting-state fMRI, showing that our model improves cross-modal agreement. Finally, we find that after parcellation the changes in the structural connectome are very minor with slightly improved interhemispheric connections (i.e, more homotopic connectivity) and slightly worse intrahemispheric connections when compared to tracers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cottaar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bastiani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boddu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glasser, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haber, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Essen, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sotiropoulos, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jbabdi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.27.222778</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modelling white matter in gyral blades as a continuous vector field]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.27.222992v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Charged Pore-lining Residues are Required for Normal Channel Kinetics in the Eukaryotic Mechanosensitive Ion Channel MSL1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.27.222992v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels are widespread mechanisms for cellular mechanosensation that can be directly activated by membrane tension. The well-studied MscS family of MS ion channels is found in bacteria, archaea, and plants. MscS-Like (MSL)1 is localized to the inner mitochondrial membrane of Arabidopsis thaliana, where it is required for normal mitochondrial responses to oxidative stress. Like Escherichia coli MscS, MSL1 has a pore-lining helix that is kinked. However, in MSL1 this kink is comprised of two charged pore-lining residues, R326 and D327. Using single channel patch-clamp electrophysiology in E. coli, we show that altering the size and charge of R326 and D327 leads to dramatic changes in open state dwell time. Modest changes in gating pressure and open state stability were also observed while no effects on channel rectification or conductance were detected. MSL1 channel variants had differing physiological function in E. coli hypoosmotic shock assays, without clear correlation between function and particular channel characteristics. Taken together, these results demonstrate that altering pore-lining residue charge and size disrupts normal channel state stability and gating transitions, and led us to propose the "sweet spot" model. In this model, the transition to the closed state is facilitated by attraction between R326 and D327 and repulsion between R326 residues of neighboring monomers. In the open state, expansion of the channel reduces inter-monomeric repulsion, rendering open state stability influenced mainly by attractive forces. This work provides insight into how unique charge-charge interactions can be combined with an otherwise conserved structural feature to help modulate MS channel function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schlegel, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haswell, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.27.222992</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Charged Pore-lining Residues are Required for Normal Channel Kinetics in the Eukaryotic Mechanosensitive Ion Channel MSL1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.28.225771v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lesion Quantification Toolkit: A MATLAB software tool for estimating grey matter damage and white matter disconnections in patients with focal brain lesions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.28.225771v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lesion studies are an important tool for cognitive neuroscientists and neurologists. However, while brain lesion studies have traditionally aimed to localize neurological symptoms to specific anatomical loci, a growing body of evidence indicates that neurological diseases such as stroke are best conceptualized as brain network disorders. While researchers in the fields of neuroscience and neurology are therefore increasingly interested in quantifying the effects of focal brain lesions on the white matter connections that form the brains structural connectome, few dedicated tools exist to facilitate this endeavor. Here, we present the Lesion Quantification Toolkit, a publicly available MATLAB software package for quantifying the structural impacts of focal brain lesions. The Lesion Quantification Toolkit uses atlas-based approaches to estimate parcel-level grey matter lesion loads and multiple measures of white matter disconnection severity that include tract-level disconnection measures, voxel-wise disconnection maps, and parcel-wise disconnection matrices. The toolkit also estimates lesion-induced increases in the lengths of the shortest structural paths between parcel pairs, which provide information about changes in higher-order structural network topology. We describe in detail each of the different measures produced by the toolkit, discuss their applications and considerations relevant to their use, and perform example analyses using real behavioral data collected from sub-acute stroke patients. We show that analyses performed using the different measures produced by the toolkit produce results that are highly consistent with results that have been reported in the prior literature, and we demonstrate the consistency of results obtained from analyses conducted using the different disconnection measures produced by the toolkit. We anticipate that the Lesion Quantification Toolkit will empower researchers to address research questions that would be difficult or impossible to address using traditional lesion analyses alone, and ultimately, lead to advances in our understanding of how white matter disconnections contribute to the cognitive, behavioral, and physiological consequences of focal brain lesions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Griffis, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metcalf, N. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbetta, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shulman, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.28.225771</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lesion Quantification Toolkit: A MATLAB software tool for estimating grey matter damage and white matter disconnections in patients with focal brain lesions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.30.229492v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Network variants are similar between task and rest states 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.30.229492v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent work has demonstrated that individual-specific variations in functional networks (that we call "network variants") can be identified in individuals using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). These network variants exhibit reliability over time with resting-state fMRI data. These properties have suggested that network variants may be trait-like markers of individual differences in brain organization. Another test of this conclusion would be to examine if network variants are stable between task and rest states. Here, we use precision data from the Midnight Scan Club (MSC) to demonstrate that (1) task data can be used to identify network variants reliably, (2) these network variants show substantial spatial overlap with those observed in rest, although state-specific effects are present, (3) network variants assign to similar canonical functional networks in different states, and (4) single tasks or a combination of multiple tasks produce similar network variants to rest. Together, these findings further reinforce the trait-like nature of network variants and demonstrate the utility of using task data to define network variants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kraus, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ladwig, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seitzman, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dworetsky, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petersen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gratton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.30.229492</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Network variants are similar between task and rest states]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.02.233288v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Increasing temperature threatens an already endangered coastal dune plant 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.02.233288v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Climate change has the potential to reduce the abundance and distribution of species and threaten global biodiversity, but it is typically not listed as a threat in classifying species conservation status. This likely occurs because demonstrating climate change as a threat requires data-intensive demographic information. Moreover, the threat from climate change is often studied in specific biomes, such as polar or arid ones. Other biomes, such as coastal ones, have received little attention, despite being currently exposed to substantial climate change effects. We forecast the effect of climate change on the demography and population size of a federally endangered coastal dune plant (Lupinus tidestromii). We use data from a 14-year demographic study across seven extant populations of this endangered plant. Using model selection, we found that survival and fertility measures responded negatively to temperature anomalies. We then produced forecasts based on stochastic individual based population models that account for uncertainty in demographic outcomes. Despite large uncertainties, we predict that all populations will decline if temperatures increase by 1{degrees} Celsius. Considering the total number of individuals across all seven populations, the most likely outcome is a population decline of 90%. Moreover, we predict extinction is certain for one of our seven populations. These results demonstrate that climate change will profoundly decrease the current and future population growth rates of this plant, and its chance of persistence. Thus, our study provides the first evidence that climate change is an extinction threat for a plant species classified as endangered under the USA Endangered Species Act.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Compagnoni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pardini, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.02.233288</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Increasing temperature threatens an already endangered coastal dune plant]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.03.233403v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Brain Network Mechanisms of Visual Shape Completion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.03.233403v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Visual shape completion represents object shape, size, and number from spatially segregated edges. Despite being extensively investigated, the processs underlying brain regions, networks, and functional connections are still not well understood. To shed light on the topic, we scanned (fMRI) healthy adults during rest and during a task in which they discriminated pac-man configurations that formed or failed to form visually completed shapes (illusory and fragmented condition, respectively). Task activation differences (illusory-fragmented), resting-state functional connectivity, and multivariate pattern differences were identified on the cortical surface using 360 predefined parcels and 12 functional networks composed of such parcels. Brain activity flow mapping (ActFlow) was used to evaluate the likely involvement of resting-state connections for shape completion. We identified 34 differentially-active parcels including a posterior temporal region, PH, whose activity was consistent across all 20 observers. Significant task regions primarily occupied the secondary visual network but also incorporated the frontoparietal, dorsal attention, default mode, and cingulo-opercular networks. Each parcels task activation difference could be modeled via its resting-state connections with the remaining parcels (r=.62, p<10-9), suggesting that such connections undergird shape completion. Functional connections from the dorsal attention network were key in modeling activation differences in the secondary visual network and across all remaining networks. Taken together, these results suggest that shape completion relies upon a distributed but densely interconnected network coalition that is centered in the secondary visual network, coordinated by the dorsal attention network, and inclusive of at least three other networks.

HighlightsO_LIShape completion differentially activates regions distributed across five networks
C_LIO_LIThe secondary visual network plays the clearest role in shape completion
C_LIO_LIDorsal attention functional connections likely coordinate activity across networks
C_LIO_LIPosterior temporal region, PH, played a highly consistent role in completion
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Keane, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barch, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mill, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silverstein, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krekelberg, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cole, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.03.233403</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Brain Network Mechanisms of Visual Shape Completion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.04.236182v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The SWELL1-LRRC8 complex regulates endothelial AKT-eNOS-mTOR signaling and vascular function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.04.236182v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The endothelium responds to a multitude of chemical and mechanical factors in regulating vascular tone, angiogenesis, blood pressure and blood flow. The endothelial volume regulatory anion channel (VRAC) has been proposed to be mechano-sensitive, to activate in response to fluid flow/hydrostatic pressure and putatively regulate vascular reactivity and angiogenesis. Here, we show that the Leucine Rich Repeat Containing Protein 8a, LRRC8a (SWELL1) functionally encodes VRAC in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Endothelial SWELL1 (SWELL1) expression positively regulates AKT-eNOS signaling while negatively regulating mTOR signaling, via a SWELL1-GRB2-Cav1-eNOS signaling complex. Endothelium-restricted SWELL1 KO (SWELL1 KO) mice exhibit enhanced tube formation from ex-vivo aortic ring explants in matrigel angiogenesis assays, develop hypertension in response to chronic angiotensin II infusion and have impaired retinal blood flow with both diffuse and focal blood vessel narrowing in the setting of Type 2 diabetes (T2D). These data demonstrate that SWELL1 antithetically regulates AKT-eNOS and mTOR signaling in endothelium and is required for maintaining vascular function, particularly in the setting of T2D.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alghanem, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ta, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maurer, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunasekar, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fatima, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adeola, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abello, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riker, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elliot-Hudson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minerath, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stratman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grueter, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mullins, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sah, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.04.236182</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The SWELL1-LRRC8 complex regulates endothelial AKT-eNOS-mTOR signaling and vascular function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.15.252346v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ligand Effects on Phase Separation of Multivalent Macromolecules 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.15.252346v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biomolecular condensates enable spatial and temporal control over cellular processes by concentrating biomolecules into non-stoichiometric assemblies. Many condensates form via reversible phase transitions of condensate-specific multivalent macromolecules known as scaffolds. Phase transitions of scaffolds can be regulated by changing the concentrations of ligands, which are defined as non-scaffold molecules that bind to specific sites on scaffolds. Here, we use theory and computation to uncover rules that underlie ligand-mediated control over scaffold phase behavior. We use the stickers-and-spacers model wherein reversible non-covalent crosslinks among stickers drive phase transitions of scaffolds, and spacers modulate the driving forces for phase transitions. We find that the modulatory effects of ligands are governed by: the valence of ligands; whether they bind directly to stickers versus spacers; and the relative affinities of ligand-scaffold versus scaffold-scaffold interactions. In general, all ligands have a diluting effect on the concentration of scaffolds within condensates. Whereas monovalent ligands destabilize condensates, multivalent ligands can stabilize condensates by binding directly to spacers or destabilize condensates by binding directly to stickers. Bipartite ligands that bind to stickers and spacers can alter the structural organization of scaffold molecules within condensates even when they have a null effect on condensate stability. Our work highlights the importance of measuring dilute phase concentrations of scaffolds as a function of ligand concentration in cells. This can reveal whether ligands modulate scaffold phase behavior by enabling or suppressing phase separation at endogeneous levels thereby regulating the formation and dissolution of condensates in vivo.

SignificancePhase transitions of multivalent macromolecules known as scaffolds help drive the formation of functional biomolecular condensates in cells. The formation and dissolution of condensates is tightly regulated, as aberrant phase behavior is associated with disease. Here, we show that distinct types of ligands can exert control over the formation and dissolution of condensates by binding to distinct sites on scaffold molecules. We further show that the extent and direction of regulation can be inferred through direct measurements of how ligands impact scaffold phase boundaries. Our findings have broad implications for understanding and modeling ligand-mediated regulation of condensates in cells, and for designing novel molecules that exert regulatory control over condensates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ruff, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dar, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.15.252346</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ligand Effects on Phase Separation of Multivalent Macromolecules]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.27.269282v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regulation of Vacuole Morphology by PIEZO Channels in Spreading Earth Moss 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.27.269282v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The perception of mechanical force is a fundamental property of most, if not all cells. PIEZO channels are plasma membrane-embedded mechanosensitive calcium channels that play diverse and essential roles in mechanobiological processes in animals1,2. PIEZO channel homologs are found in plants3,4, but their role(s) in the green lineage are almost completely unknown. Plants and animals diverged approximately 1.5 billion years ago, independently evolved multicellularity, and have vastly different cellular mechanics5. Here, we investigate PIEZO channel function in the moss Physcomitrium patens, a representative of one of the first land plant lineages. PpPIEZO1 and PpPIEZO2 were redundantly required for normal growth, size, and shape of tip-growing caulonema cells. Both were localized to vacuolar membranes and facilitated the release of calcium into the cytosol in response to hypoosmotic shock. Loss-of-function ({Delta}Pppiezo1/2) and gain-of-function (PpPIEZO2-R2508K and -R2508H) mutants revealed a role for moss PIEZO homologs in regulating vacuole morphology. Our work here shows that plant and animal PIEZO homologs have diverged in both subcellular localization and in function, likely co-opted to serve different needs in each lineage. The plant homologs of PIEZO channels thus provide a compelling lens through which to study plant mechanobiology and the evolution of mechanoperceptive strategies in multicellular eukaryotes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Radin, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richardson, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiner, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bascom, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bezanilla, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haswell, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.27.269282</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regulation of Vacuole Morphology by PIEZO Channels in Spreading Earth Moss]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.28.270751v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
De Novo Mutation in an Enhancer of EBF3 in simplex autism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.28.270751v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Previous research in autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) has indicated an important contribution of de novo protein-coding variants within specific genes. The role of de novo noncoding variation has been observable as a general increase in genetic burden but has yet to be resolved to individual functional elements. In this study, we assessed whole-genome sequencing data in 2,671 families with autism, with a specific focus on de novo variation in enhancers with previously characterized in vivo activity. We identified three independent de novo mutations limited to individuals with autism in the enhancer hs737. These mutations result in similar phenotypic characteristics, affect enhancer activity in vitro, and preferentially occur in AAT motifs in the enhancer with predicted disruptions of transcription factor binding. We also find that hs737 is enriched for copy number variation in individuals with NDDs, is dosage sensitive in the human population, is brain-specific, and targets the NDD gene EBF3 that is genome-wide significant for protein coding de novo variants, demonstrating the importance of understanding all forms of variation in the genome.

One Sentence SummaryWhole-genome sequencing in thousands of families reveals variants relevant to simplex autism in a brain enhancer of the well-established neurodevelopmental disorder gene EBF3.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Padhi, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayeck, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mannion, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatterjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Byrska-Bishop, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Musunuri, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narzisi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abhyankar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunter, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akiyama, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fries, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stong, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickel, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernier, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorkin, D. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pennacchio, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zody, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, T. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.28.270751</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[De Novo Mutation in an Enhancer of EBF3 in simplex autism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.28.271874v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Aberrant RNA methylation triggers recruitment of an alkylation repair complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.28.271874v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A critical question in genome stability is the nature of the chemical damage responsible for repair activation. We previously reported a novel pathway specifically activated during alkylation damage in human cells, where the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF113A mediates the recruitment of the ASCC repair complex. Yet the mechanistic basis for the alkylation damage selectivity of this pathway remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that RNA but not DNA alkylation is the initiating signal for this process. Aberrantly methylated RNA is sufficient to recruit ASCC, while an RNA dealkylase suppresses ASCC recruitment during chemical alkylation. This aberrant RNA methylation causes transcriptional repression in a manner dependent on the ASCC complex. We show that an alkylated pre-mRNA, or an RNA containing a single damaged base, is sufficient to activate RNF113A E3 activity in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Together, our work identifies an unexpected role for RNA damage in eliciting a DNA repair response, and suggests that RNA may serve as the "canary in the coal mine" for sensing alkylation damage.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brickner, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodell, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oyeniran, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lukinovic, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bacolla, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soll, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casanova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ganguly, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tainer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reynoird, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mosammaparast, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.28.271874</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Aberrant RNA methylation triggers recruitment of an alkylation repair complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.03.275479v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cingulo-Opercular Control Network Supports Disused Motor Circuits in Standby Mode 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.03.275479v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Whole-brain resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) during two weeks of limb constraint revealed that disused motor regions became more strongly connected to the cingulo-opercular network (CON), an executive control network that includes regions of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and insula (1). Disuse-driven increases in functional connectivity (FC) were specific to the CON and somatomotor networks and did not involve any other networks, such as the salience, frontoparietal, or default mode networks. Censoring and modeling analyses showed that FC increases during casting were mediated by large, spontaneous activity pulses that appeared in the disused motor regions and CON control regions. During limb constraint, disused motor circuits appear to enter a standby mode characterized by spontaneous activity pulses and strengthened connectivity to CON executive control regions.

SignificanceMany studies have examined plasticity in the primary somatosensory and motor cortex during disuse, but little is known about how disuse impacts the brain outside of primary cortical areas. We leveraged the whole-brain coverage of resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) to discover that disuse drives plasticity of distant executive control regions in the cingulo-opercular network (CON). Two complementary analyses, pulse censoring and pulse addition, demonstrated that increased functional connectivity between the CON and disused motor regions was driven by large, spontaneous pulses of activity in the CON and disused motor regions. These results point to a previously unknown role for the CON in supporting motor plasticity and reveal spontaneous activity pulses as a novel mechanism for reorganizing the brains functional connections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Newbold, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laumann, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montez, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seider, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gross, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nielsen, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoyt, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hampton, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ortega, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adeyemo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlaggar, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kay, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greene, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raichle, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petersen, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snyder, A. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dosenbach, N. U. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.03.275479</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cingulo-Opercular Control Network Supports Disused Motor Circuits in Standby Mode]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.08.288431v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dysregulation of adipose ILC2 underlies thermogenic failure in aging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.08.288431v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aging impairs the integrated immunometabolic responses which have evolved to maintain core body temperature in homeotherms to survive cold-stress, infections, and dietary restriction. Adipose tissue inflammation regulates the thermogenic stress response but how adipose tissue-resident cells instigate thermogenic failure in aged are unknown. Here, we define alterations in the adipose-resident immune system and identify that type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) are lost in aging. Restoration of ILC2 numbers in aged mice to levels seen in adults through IL-33 supplementation failed to rescue old mice from metabolic impairment and cold-induced lethality. Transcriptomic analyses revealed intrinsic defects in aged ILC2, and adoptive transfer of adult ILC2 are sufficient to protect old mice against cold. Thus, the functional defects in adipose ILC2 during aging drive thermogenic failure.

One Sentence SummaryAge-related changes in adipose tissue drive reprogramming of ILC2 that leads to impaired cold tolerance
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Goldberg, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shchukina, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Youm, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camell, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dlugos, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Artyomov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixit, V. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.08.288431</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dysregulation of adipose ILC2 underlies thermogenic failure in aging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.11.294363v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ketogenesis restrains aging-induced exacerbation of COVID in a mouse model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.11.294363v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Increasing age is the strongest predictor of risk of COVID-19 severity. Unregulated cytokine storm together with impaired immunometabolic response leads to highest mortality in elderly infected with SARS-CoV-2. To investigate how aging compromises defense against COVID-19, we developed a model of natural murine beta coronavirus (mCoV) infection with mouse hepatitis virus strain MHV-A59 (mCoV-A59) that recapitulated majority of clinical hallmarks of COVID-19. Aged mCoV-A59-infected mice have increased mortality and higher systemic inflammation in the heart, adipose tissue and hypothalamus, including neutrophilia and loss of {gamma}{delta} T cells in lungs. Ketogenic diet increases beta-hydroxybutyrate, expands tissue protective {gamma}{delta} T cells, deactivates the inflammasome and decreases pathogenic monocytes in lungs of infected aged mice. These data underscore the value of mCoV-A59 model to test mechanism and establishes harnessing of the ketogenic immunometabolic checkpoint as a potential treatment against COVID-19 in the elderly.

Highlights - Natural MHV-A59 mouse coronavirus infection mimics COVID-19 in elderly.
- Aged infected mice have systemic inflammation and inflammasome activation
- Murine beta coronavirus (mCoV) infection results in loss of pulmonary {gamma}{delta} T cells.
- Ketones protect aged mice from infection by reducing inflammation.


eTOC BlurbElderly have the greatest risk of death from COVID-19. Here, Ryu et al report an aging mouse model of coronavirus infection that recapitulates clinical hallmarks of COVID-19 seen in elderly. The increased severity of infection in aged animals involved increased inflammasome activation and loss of {gamma}{delta} T cells that was corrected by ketogenic diet.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ryu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shchukina, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Youm, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qing, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hilliard, B. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dlugos, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yasumoto, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Booth, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez-Hernando, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suarez, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khanna, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horvath, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dietrich, M. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Artyomov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixit, V. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.11.294363</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ketogenesis restrains aging-induced exacerbation of COVID in a mouse model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.11.294462v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gut metabolites influence susceptibility of neonatal mice to cryptosporidiosis. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.11.294462v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium is a leading cause of diarrheal disease in those with compromised or under-developed immune systems, particularly infants and toddlers in resource-poor localities. As an enteric pathogen, Cryptosporidium invades the apical surface of intestinal epithelial cells, where it resides in close proximity to metabolites in the intestinal lumen. However, the effect of gut metabolites on susceptibility to Cryptosporidium infection remains largely unstudied. Here, we first identified which gut metabolites are prevalent in neonatal mice when they are most susceptible to Cryptosporidium parvum infection, and then tested the isolated effects of these metabolites on C. parvum invasion and growth. Our findings demonstrate that medium or long-chain saturated fatty acids inhibit C. parvum growth, while long-chain unsaturated fatty acids enhance C. parvum invasion. The influence of these two classes of metabolites on C. parvum infection likely reflects the streamlined metabolism in C. parvum, which is unable to synthesize fatty acids. Hence, gut metabolites, either from diet or produced by the microbiota, play an important role in the early susceptibility to cryptosporidiosis seen in young animals.

ImportanceCryptosporidium occupies a unique intracellular niche that exposes the parasite to both host cell contents and the intestinal lumen, including metabolites from the diet and produced by the microbiota. Both dietary and microbial products change over the course of early development, and could contribute to the changes seen in susceptibility to cryptosporidiosis in humans and mice. Consistent with this model, we show that the immature gut metabolome influenced growth of C. parvum in vitro and may increase susceptibility to infection in young mice. Interestingly, metabolites that significantly altered parasite growth were fatty acids, a class of molecules that Cryptosporidium is unable to synthesize de novo. The enhancing effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids and the inhibitory effects of saturated fatty acids provide further insight into reliance on fatty acid salvage and metabolism of this enteric parasite.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>VanDussen, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Funkhouser-Jones, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akey, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaefer, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ackerman, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riggs, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stappenbeck, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sibley, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.11.294462</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gut metabolites influence susceptibility of neonatal mice to cryptosporidiosis.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.18.304402v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control (DMCC) Project 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.18.304402v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control (DMCC) project provides an ambitious and rigorous empirical test of a theoretical framework that posits two key cognitive control modes: proactive and reactive. The frameworks central tenets are that proactive and reactive control reflect domain-general dimensions of individual variation, with distinctive neural signatures, involving lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) in interactions with other brain networks and circuits (e.g., frontoparietal, cingulo-opercular). In the DMCC project, each participant is scanned while performing theoretically-targeted variants of multiple well-established cognitive control tasks (Stroop, Cued Task-Switching, AX-CPT, Sternberg Working Memory) in three separate imaging sessions, that each encourage utilization of different control modes, plus also completes an extensive out-of-scanner individual differences battery. Additional key features of the project include a high spatio-temporal resolution (multiband) acquisition protocol, and a sample that includes a substantial subset of monozygotic twin pairs and participants recruited from the Human Connectome Project. Although data collection is still continuing (target N=200), we provide an overview of the study design and protocol, planned analytic approaches and methodological development, along with initial results (N=80) revealing novel evidence of a domain-general neural signature of reactive control. In the interests of scientific community building, the dataset will be made public at project completion, so it can serve as a valuable resource.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Braver, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kizhner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freund, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Etzel, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.18.304402</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control (DMCC) Project]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.20.305482v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex Encodes the Subjective Motivational Value of Cognitive Task Performance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.20.305482v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Humans can seamlessly combine value signals from diverse motivational incentives, yet it is not well-understood how these signals are "bundled" in the brain to modulate cognitive control. The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) is theorized to integrate motivational value dimensions in the service of goal-directed action, though this hypothesis has yet to receive rigorous confirmation. In the present study, we examined the role of human dACC in motivational incentive integration. Healthy young adult men and women were scanned with fMRI while engaged in an experimental paradigm that quantifies the combined effects of liquid (e.g., juice, neutral, saltwater) and monetary incentives on cognitive task performance. Monetary incentives modulated trial-by-trial dACC activation, whereas block-related effects of liquid incentives on dACC activity were observed. When bundled together, incentive-related dACC modulation predicted fluctuations in both cognitive performance and self-report motivation ratings. Statistical mediation analyses suggest that dACC encoded the incentives in terms of their integrated subjective motivational value, and that this value signal was most proximally associated with task performance. Finally, we confirmed that these incentive integration effects were selectively present in dACC. Together, the results support an account in which dACC integrates motivational signals to compute the expected value of goal-directed cognitive control.

Significance StatementHow are primary and secondary incentives integrated in the brain to influence goal-directed behavior? Using an innovative experimental fMRI paradigm that combines motivational incentives that have historically been studied independently between species (e.g., monetary rewards for humans, food rewards for animals), we examine the relationship between incentive motivational value and cognitive control allocation. We find evidence that the integrated incentive motivational value of combined incentives is encoded in human dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). Further, self-reported motivational shifts mediated the effects of incentive-modulated dACC activity on task performance, revealing convergence in how self-reported and experimentally-induced motivation are encoded in the human brain. Our findings may inform future translational studies examining affective/motivational and cognitive impairments in psychopathology (e.g., anxiety, depression, addiction).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yee, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crawford, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braver, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.20.305482</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex Encodes the Subjective Motivational Value of Cognitive Task Performance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.28.317461v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A deep learning algorithm to translate and classify cardiac electrophysiology: From iPSC-CMs to adult cardiac cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.28.317461v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The development of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) has been a critical in vitro advance in the study of patient-specific physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology. We designed a new deep learning multitask network approach intended to address the low throughput, high variability and immature phenotype of the iPSC-CM platform. It was trained using simulated action potential (AP) data and applied to classify cells into the drug-free and drugged categories and to predict the impact of electrophysiological perturbation across the continuum of aging from the immature iPSC-CMs to the adult ventricular myocytes. The phase of the AP extremely sensitive to perturbation due to a steep rise of the membrane resistance was found to contain the key information required for successful network multitasking. We also demonstrated successful translation of both experimental and simulated iPSC-CM AP data validating our network by prediction of experimental drug-induced effects on adult cardiomyocyte APs by the latter.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aghasafari, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, P.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kernik, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sakamoto, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanda, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurokawa, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vorobyov, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clancy, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.28.317461</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A deep learning algorithm to translate and classify cardiac electrophysiology: From iPSC-CMs to adult cardiac cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.29.318220v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Brazilin Removes Toxic alpha-Synuclein and Seeding Competent Assemblies from Parkinson Brain by Altering Conformational Equilibrium 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.29.318220v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alpha-synuclein (-syn) fibrils, a major constituent of the neurotoxic Lewy Bodies in Parkinsons disease, form via nucleation dependent polymerization and can replicate by a seeding mechanism. Brazilin, a small molecule derived from red cedarwood trees in Brazil, has been shown to inhibit the fibrillogenesis of amyloid-beta (A{beta}) and -syn, prompting our inquiry in its mechanism of action. Here we test the effects of Brazilin on both seeded and unseeded -syn fibril formation and show that the natural polyphenol inhibits fibrillogenesis of -syn by a unique mechanism that is distinct from other polyphenols and is also distinct from its effect on A{beta}. Brazilin preserves the natively unfolded state of -syn by stabilizing the compact conformation of the -syn monomer over the aggregation-competent extended conformation. Molecular docking of Brazilin shows the molecule to interact both with unfolded -syn monomers and with the cross-{beta} sheet structure of -syn fibrils. Brazilin eliminates seeding competence of -syn assemblies from Parkinsons disease patient brain tissue, and treatment of pre-formed fibril assemblies with Brazilin significantly reduces their toxicity in primary neurons. Our findings suggest that Brazilin has substantial potential as a neuroprotective and therapeutic agent for Parkinsons Disease.

Highlights- The natural polyphenol Brazilin binds to monomeric, oligomeric and fibrillar -syn
- Brazilin shifts the equilibrium away from aggregation-competent monomer conformations
- Brazilin inactivates seeding-competent -syn isolated from Parkinson patients brains
- Brazilin detoxifies -syn aggregation intermediates and stabilizes mature amyloid fibrils


Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=117 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/318220v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nahass, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batchelor, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reilly, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benilova, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kedia, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spehar, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sobott, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sessions, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caughey, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radford, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jat, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collinge, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bieschke, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.29.318220</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Brazilin Removes Toxic alpha-Synuclein and Seeding Competent Assemblies from Parkinson Brain by Altering Conformational Equilibrium]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.30.320895v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Novel Chlamydiae and Amoebophilus endosymbionts are prevalent in wild isolates of the model social amoebae Dictyostelium discoideum 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.30.320895v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Amoebae interact with bacteria in diverse and multifaceted ways. Amoeba predation can serve as a selective pressure for the development of bacterial virulence traits. Bacteria may also adapt to life inside amoebae, resulting in symbiotic relationships (pathogenic or mutualistic). Indeed, particular lineages of obligate bacterial endosymbionts have been found in different amoebae. Here, we screened an extensive collection of Dictyostelium discoideum wild isolates for the presence of such bacterial symbionts using PCR primers that identify these endosymbionts. This is the first report of obligate symbionts in this highly-studied amoeba species. They are surprisingly common, identified in 42% of screened isolates (N=730). Members of the Chlamydiae phylum are particularly prevalent, occurring in 27% of the host strains. They are novel and phylogenetically distinct. We also found Amoebophilus symbionts in 8% of screened isolates (N=730). Antibiotic-cured amoebae behave similarly to their endosymbiont-infected counterparts, suggesting that endosymbionts do not significantly impact host fitness, at least in the laboratory. We found several natural isolates were co-infected with multiple endosymbionts, with no obvious fitness effects of co-infection under laboratory conditions. The high prevalence and novelty of amoeba endosymbiont clades in the model organism D. discoideum opens the door to future research on the significance and mechanisms of amoeba-symbiont interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Haselkorn, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jimenez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bashir, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sallinger, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Queller, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strassmann, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiSalvo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.30.320895</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Novel Chlamydiae and Amoebophilus endosymbionts are prevalent in wild isolates of the model social amoebae Dictyostelium discoideum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.30.321372v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ontogenetic Oxycodone Exposure Affects Early-Life Communicative Behaviors, Sensorimotor Reflexes, and Weight Trajectory in Mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.30.321372v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nation-wide, opioid misuse among pregnant women has risen 4-fold from 1999 to 2014, with commensurate increase in neonates hospitalized for Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS). NAS occurs when a fetus exposed to opioids in utero goes into rapid withdrawal after birth. NAS treatment via continued postnatal opioid exposure has been suggested to worsen neurodevelopmental outcomes. We developed a novel model to characterize the impact of in utero and postnatal oxycodone (Oxy) exposure on early behavior and development. Via subcutaneous pump implanted before breeding, C57BL/6J dams were infused with oxycodone at 10 mg/kg/day from conception through pup-weaning. At birth, in utero oxy-exposed pups were either cross-fostered (paired with non-oxy exposed dams) to model opioid abstinence (short-oxy) or reared by their biological dams still receiving Oxy to model continued postnatal opioid exposure (long-oxy). Offspring from vehicle-exposed dams served as cross-fostered (short-veh) or biologically-reared (long-veh) controls. Short-oxy exposure resulted in sex-dependent weight reductions and altered spectrotemporal features of isolation-induced ultrasonic vocalization (USV). Meanwhile, long-oxy pups exhibited reduced weight and sex-differential delays in righting reflex. Specifically, long-oxy female offspring exhibited increased latency to righting reflex. Long-oxy pups also showed decreases in number of USV calls, and changes to spectrotemporal USV features. Overall, ontogenetic Oxy exposure was associated with impaired attainment of gross and sensorimotor milestones, as well as alterations in communication and affective behaviors, indicating a need for therapeutic interventions. The model developed here will enable studies of withdrawal physiology and opioid-mediated mechanisms underlying these neurodevelopmental deficits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Minakova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarafinovska, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mikati, M. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barclay, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCullough, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Hasani, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maloney, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.30.321372</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ontogenetic Oxycodone Exposure Affects Early-Life Communicative Behaviors, Sensorimotor Reflexes, and Weight Trajectory in Mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.04.325118v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Peripheral kappa opioid receptor activation drives cold hypersensitivity in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.04.325118v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Noxious cold sensation is commonly associated with peripheral neuropathies, however, there has been limited progress in understanding the mechanism of cold pain. Here we identify a role for kappa opioid receptors (KOR) in driving noxious cold hypersensitivity. First, we show that systemic activation of KOR by the agonist U50,488 (U50), increases the latency to jump and the number of jumps on a cold plate at 3{degrees}C, and that the KOR antagonist NorBNI attenuates U50-induced noxious cold hypersensitivity. However, the central administration of NorBNI does not block U50-induced noxious cold hypersensitivity, suggesting that peripheral KOR may modulate this effect. To directly test this, we use the peripherally-restricted KOR agonist, ff(nle)r-NH2 and also show selective activation of peripheral KOR causes noxious cold hypersensitivity. To begin to understand how peripheral KOR drive noxious cold hypersensitivity we investigated whether KOR interact with transient receptor potential ankyrin 1(TRPA1) channels, known to facilitate the perception of noxious cold, in dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Using fluorescent in situ hybridization, we show that KOR mRNA colocalizes with the transcripts for the cold-activated TRPA1 channels in DRG. We also show a potentiation in intracellular calcium release in DRG neurons during the simultaneous application of the TRPA1 agonist, mustard oil (MO), and a KOR agonist, U50, when compared to MO alone. Together our data suggest that peripheral KOR may induce noxious cold hypersensitivity through modulation of TRPA1 channels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Madasu, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thang, L. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chilukuri, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palanisamy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arackal, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheahan, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foshage, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Houghten, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McLaughlin, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCall, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Hasani, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.04.325118</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Peripheral kappa opioid receptor activation drives cold hypersensitivity in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.06.327288v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ablation of Proliferating Osteoblast Lineage Cells After Fracture Leads to Atrophic Nonunion in a Mouse Model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.06.327288v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nonunion is defined as the permanent failure of a fractured bone to heal, often necessitating surgical intervention. Atrophic nonunions are a subtype that are particularly difficult to treat. Animal models of atrophic nonunion are available; however, these require surgical or radiation-induced trauma to disrupt periosteal healing. These methods are invasive and not representative of many clinical nonunions where osseous regeneration has been arrested by a "failure of biology". We hypothesized that arresting osteoblast cell proliferation after fracture would lead to atrophic nonunion in mice. Using mice that express a thymidine kinase (tk) "suicide gene" driven by the 3.6Col1a1 promoter (Col1-tk), proliferating osteoblast lineage cells can be ablated upon exposure to the nucleoside analog ganciclovir (GCV). Wild-type (WT; control) and Col1-tk littermates were subjected to a full femur fracture and intramedullary fixation at 12 weeks age. We confirmed abundant tk+ cells in fracture callus of Col-tk mice dosed with water or GCV, specifically many osteoblasts, osteocytes, and chondrocytes at the cartilage-bone interface. Histologically, we observed altered callus composition in Col1-tk mice at 2 and 3 weeks post fracture, with significantly less bone and more fibrous tissue. Col1-tk mice, monitored for 12 weeks with in vivo radiographs and microCT scans, had delayed bone bridging and reduced callus size. Following sacrifice, ex vivo microCT and histology demonstrated failed union with residual bone fragments and fibrous tissue in Col1-tk mice. Biomechanical testing demonstrated a failure to recover torsional strength in Col1-tk mice, in contrast to WT. Our data indicates that suppression of proliferating osteoblast-lineage cells for at least 2 weeks after fracture blunts the formation and remodeling of a mineralized callus leading to a functional nonunion. We propose this as a new murine model of atrophic nonunion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hixon, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sykes, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoneda, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hensley, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buettmann, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skouteris, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKenzie, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.06.327288</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ablation of Proliferating Osteoblast Lineage Cells After Fracture Leads to Atrophic Nonunion in a Mouse Model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.13.336636v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sustainable Production of the Biofuel n-Butanol by Rhodopseudomonas palustris TIE-1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.13.336636v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) release in the atmosphere from fossil fuel combustion has inspired scientists to study CO2 to fuel conversion. Oxygenic phototrophs such as cyanobacteria have been used to produce biofuels using CO2. However, oxygen generation during oxygenic photosynthesis affects biofuel production efficiency. To produce n-butanol (biofuel) from CO2, here we introduced an n-butanol biosynthesis pathway into an anoxygenic (non-oxygen evolving) photoautotroph, Rhodopseudomonas palustris TIE-1 (TIE-1). Using different carbon, nitrogen, and electron sources, we achieved n-butanol production in wild-type TIE-1 and mutants lacking electron-consuming (nitrogen-fixing) or acetyl-CoA-consuming (polyhydroxybutyrate and glycogen synthesis) pathways. The mutant lacking the nitrogen-fixing pathway produced highest n-butanol. Coupled with novel hybrid bioelectrochemical platforms, this mutant produced n-butanol using CO2, solar panel-generated electricity, and light, with high electrical energy conversion efficiency. Overall, this approach showcases TIE-1 as an attractive microbial chassis for carbon-neutral n-butanol bioproduction using sustainable, renewable, and abundant resources.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bai, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ranaivoarisoa, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rengasamy, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bose, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.13.336636</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sustainable Production of the Biofuel n-Butanol by Rhodopseudomonas palustris TIE-1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.19.344754v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The active repertoire of Escherichia coli peptidoglycan amidases varies with physiochemical environment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.19.344754v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nearly all bacteria are encased in a peptidoglycan cell wall, an essential crosslinked matrix of polysaccharide strands and short peptide stems. In the Gram-negative model organism Escherichia coli, more than forty cell wall synthases and autolysins coordinate the growth and division of the peptidoglycan sacculus in the periplasm. The precise contribution of many of these enzymes to cell wall metabolism remains unclear due to significant apparent redundancy, particularly among the cell wall autolysins. E. coli produces three major LytC-type-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidases, which share a role in separating the newly formed daughter cells during cytokinesis. Here, we reveal two of the three amidases exhibit growth medium-dependent changes in activity. Specifically, we report acidic growth conditions stimulate AmiB--and to a lesser extent, AmiC--activity. Combining computational and genetic analysis, we demonstrate that low pH-dependent stimulation of AmiB requires three periplasmic amidase activators: EnvC, NlpD, and YgeR. Altogether, our findings support overlapping, but not redundant, roles for the E. coli amidases in cell separation and illuminate the physiochemical environment as an important mediator of cell wall enzyme activity.

IMPORTANCEPenicillin and related {beta}-lactam antibiotics targeting the bacterial cell wall synthesis are among the most commonly prescribed antimicrobials worldwide. However, rising rates of antibiotic resistance and tolerance jeopardize their continued clinical use. Development of new cell wall active therapeutics, including those targeting cell wall autolysins, has been stymied in part due to high levels of apparent enzymatic redundancy. In this study, we report a subset of E. coli amidases involved in cell separation during cell division are not redundant and instead are preferentially active during growth in distinct pH environments. Specifically, we discover E. coli amidases AmiB and AmiC are activated by acidic pH. Three semi-redundant periplasmic regulators--NlpD, EnvC, and YgeR--collectively mediate low pH-dependent stimulation of amidase activity. This discovery contributes to our understanding of how the cell wall remains robust across diverse environmental conditions and reveals opportunities for the development of condition-specific antimicrobial agents.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mueller, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iken, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oeztuerk, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmitz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Ventura, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levin, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.19.344754</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The active repertoire of Escherichia coli peptidoglycan amidases varies with physiochemical environment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.20.348110v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Contribution of noncanonical antigens to virulence and adaptive immunity in human infection with enterotoxigenic E. coli 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.20.348110v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) contribute significantly to the substantial burden of infectious diarrhea among children living in low and middle income countries. In the absence of a vaccine for ETEC, children succumb to acute dehydration as well as non-diarrheal sequelae related to these infections including malnutrition. The considerable diversity of ETEC genomes has complicated canonical vaccine development approaches focused on a subset of antigens known as colonization factors (CFs). To identify additional conserved immunogens, we mined genomic sequences of 89 ETEC isolates, bioinformatically selected potential surface-exposed pathovar-specific antigens conserved in more than 40% of the genomes (n=118), and assembled the representative proteins onto microarrays, complemented with known or putative colonization factor subunit molecules (n=52), and toxin subunits to interrogate samples from individuals with acute symptomatic ETEC infections. Surprisingly, in this open-aperture approach, we found that immune responses were largely constrained to a small number of antigens including individual colonization factor antigens and EtpA, an extracellular adhesin. In a Bangladeshi cohort of naturally infected children < 2 years of age, both EtpA and a second noncanonical antigen, EatA, elicited significant serologic responses that were associated with protection from symptomatic illness. In addition, children infected with ETEC isolates bearing either etpA or eatA genes were significantly more likely to develop symptomatic disease. These studies support a role for more recently discovered noncanonical antigens in virulence and the development of adaptive immune responses during ETEC infections, findings that may inform vaccine design efforts to complement existing approaches.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kuhlmann, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laine, R. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Afrin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakajima, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akhtar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vickers, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parker, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizam, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grigura, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goss, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Felgner, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasko, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qadri, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleckenstein, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.20.348110</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Contribution of noncanonical antigens to virulence and adaptive immunity in human infection with enterotoxigenic E. coli]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.21.349688v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial and Temporal Organization of Odor-evoked Responses in a Fly Olfactory Circuit: Inputs, Outputs and Idiosyncrasies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.21.349688v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How is sensory information routed through different types of neurons within a circuit, and do equivalent circuits in different individuals follow similar organizational principles? We examined this issue in the fruit fly olfactory system. Odor-evoked signals from sensory neurons (ORNs) triggered neural responses that were patterned over space and time in cholinergic ePNs and GABAergic iPNs within the antennal lobe. The dendritic-axonal (I/O) response mapping was complex and diverse, and axonal organization was region-specific (mushroom body vs. lateral horn). In the lateral horn, feed-forward excitatory and inhibitory axonal projections matched  odor tuning in a stereotyped, dorsal-lateral locus, but mismatched in most other locations. In the temporal dimension, ORN, ePN and iPN odor-evoked responses had similar encoding features, such as information refinement over time and divergent ON and OFF responses. Notably, analogous spatial and temporal coding principles were observed in all flies, and the latter emerged from idiosyncratic neural processing approaches.

HighlightsO_LIConsistency and idiosyncrasy both exist in ORN, ePN and iPN functional maps
C_LIO_LISignal transformations between different ePN compartments are complex and diverse
C_LIO_LITemporal decorrelation between stimuli happens in all three neuronal populations
C_LIO_LIOFF responses that are orthogonal to ON responses emerge after odor termination
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben-Shahar, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holy, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.21.349688</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial and Temporal Organization of Odor-evoked Responses in a Fly Olfactory Circuit: Inputs, Outputs and Idiosyncrasies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.23.341396v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Goblet cell LRRC26 regulates BK channel activation and protects against colitis in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.23.341396v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Goblet cells (GCs) are specialized cells of the intestinal epithelium contributing critically to mucosal homeostasis. One of the functions of GCs is to produce and secrete MUC2, the mucin that forms the scaffold of the intestinal mucus layer coating the epithelium and separates the luminal pathogens and commensal microbiota from the host tissues. Although a variety of ion channels and transporters are thought to impact on MUC2 secretion, the specific cellular mechanisms that regulate GC function remain incompletely understood. Previously, we demonstrated that leucine-rich-repeat-containing protein 26 (LRRC26), a known regulatory subunit of the Ca2+-and voltage-activated K+ channel (BK channel), localizes specifically to secretory cells within the intestinal tract. Here, utilizing a mouse model in which MUC2 is fluorescently tagged allowing visualization of single GCs in intact colonic crypts, we show that murine colonic GCs have functional LRRC26-associated BK channels. In the absence of LRRC26, BK channels are present in GCs, but are not activated at physiological conditions. In contrast, all tested MUC2-negative cells completely lacked BK channels. Moreover, LRRC26-associated BK channels underlie the BK channel contribution to the resting transepithelial current across mouse distal colonic mucosa. Genetic ablation of either LRRC26 or BK-pore forming -subunit in mice results in a dramatically enhanced susceptibility to colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). These results demonstrate that normal potassium flux through LRRC26-associated BK channels in GCs has protective effects against colitis in mice.

SignificanceA primary function of goblet cells (GCs) of the intestinal epithelium is to generate a protective mucus layer lining the intestinal lumen. GC dysfunction is linked to Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). GC mucus secretion is thought to be dependent on contributions of an ensemble of anion and cation fluxes, although understanding remains limited. Here, it is shown in mouse colon that the Ca2+- and voltage-dependent BK-type K+ channel, specifically in association with the LRRC26 regulatory subunit, plays a critical role in normal GC function, protecting mice against chemically-induced colitis. The results demonstrate that normal K+ fluxes mediated by LRRC26-containing BK channels are required for normal GC function, potentially providing insights into the potential role of BK channels in IBD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez-Perez, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Espinosa, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sala-Rabanal, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bharadwaj, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarado, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gustafsson, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ciorba, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lingle, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.23.341396</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Goblet cell LRRC26 regulates BK channel activation and protects against colitis in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.25.353326v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spontaneous emergence of behaviorally relevant motifs in human motor cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.25.353326v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spontaneous neural activity has been shown to preserve the inter-regional structure of cortical activity evoked by a task. It is unclear, however, whether patterns of spontaneous activity within a cortical region comprise representations associated with specific behaviors or mental states. The current study investigated the hypothesis that spontaneous neural activity in human motor cortex represents motor responses that commonly occur in daily life. To test this hypothesis 15 healthy participants were scanned in a 3T fMRI scanner while performing four simple hand movements differing by their daily life relevance, and while not performing any specific task (resting-state scans). Using the task data, we identified cortical patterns in a motor ROI corresponding to the different hand movements. These task-defined patterns were compared to spontaneous cortical activity patterns in the same motor ROI. The results indicated a higher similarity of the spontaneous patterns to the most common hand movement than to the least common hand movement. This finding provides the first evidence that spontaneous activity in human cortex forms fine-scale, patterned representations associated with behaviors that frequently occur in daily life.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Livne, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metcalf, N. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shulman, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbetta, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.25.353326</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spontaneous emergence of behaviorally relevant motifs in human motor cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.28.355826v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modulating Intra-Nuclear LC3 with Small Molecules Rescues Cells from a Docetaxel-Induced Phenotype 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.28.355826v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nucleus-associated autophagy has been described as a cellular metabolic response by which nuclear material is actively degraded. This degradation occurs after stress, such as nuclear damage or the onset of tumorigenesis. Here we describe a nucleus-associated autophagic process distinct from other forms of selective autophagy in human cell lines. We found that although nuclear localization of MAP1LC3B (LC3) is not dependent on particular nuclear importins, knockdown of nuclear importins, which causes nuclear stress, can induce a nuclear autophagic response. Our characterization of this autophagic phenomenon was facilitated by chemical modulation of the process via two compounds discovered previously in a high content analysis. These small molecules bidirectionally regulate nuclear LC3 in human renal, pancreatic, and bladder cell lines. One molecule (NSC31762 or DTEP) enhances nuclear LC3 puncta and increases lysosomal targeting of LC3. This compound also decreases the nuclear envelope protein LaminB1. Another molecule (NSC279895 or DIHI) reduces the nuclear localization of LC3. Finally, we applied these chemical tools in the setting of mitotic-disruptor induced nuclear stress. The compound DIHI, shown to reduce nuclear autophagic puncta, diminished the mitotic disruptor effect. These new tools will allow for deeper exploration of nucleus-associated autophagies, and could serve as proof-of-principle in guiding new therapies for diseases involving nuclear stress.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rosenberg, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolla, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cassio, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veenstra, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vakaki, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anyetei-Anum, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allison, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchser, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.28.355826</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modulating Intra-Nuclear LC3 with Small Molecules Rescues Cells from a Docetaxel-Induced Phenotype]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.28.359026v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human transcriptional activation domains require hydrophobic and acidic residues 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.28.359026v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Acidic activation domains are intrinsically disordered regions of transcription factors that bind coactivators. The intrinsic disorder and low conservation of activation domains have made it difficult to identify general rules governing their function. To address this problem, we designed thousands of variants in seven acidic activation domains and measured their activities with a new high-throughput assay in human cell culture. From these data we identify three design principles of acidic activation domains: hydrophobic motifs must be balanced by acidic residues; acidic residues make large contributions to activity when they are adjacent to motifs; and motif composition reflects the structural constraints of coactivator interactions. These design principles motivated a simple predictor of activation domains in the human proteome: scanning for clusters of aromatic and leucine residues embedded in regions of high acidity identifies known activation domains and accurately predicts new ones. Our results support a flexible model in which acidic residues solubilize hydrophobic motifs so that they can interact with coactivators.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Staller, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.28.359026</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human transcriptional activation domains require hydrophobic and acidic residues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.28.359554v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Label-free cell viability assay using phase imaging with computational specificity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.28.359554v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Existing approaches to evaluate cell viability involve cell staining with chemical reagents. However, this step of exogenous staining makes these methods undesirable for rapid, nondestructive and long-term investigation. Here, we present instantaneous viability assessment of unlabeled cells using phase imaging with computation specificity (PICS). This new concept utilizes deep learning techniques to compute viability markers associated with the specimen measured by label-free quantitative phase imaging. Demonstrated on different live cell cultures, the proposed method reports approximately 95% accuracy in identifying live and dead cells. The evolution of the cell dry mass and projected area for the labelled and unlabeled populations reveal that the viability reagents decrease viability. The nondestructive approach presented here may find a broad range of applications, from monitoring the production of biopharmaceuticals, to assessing the effectiveness of cancer treatments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anastasio, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Popescu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.28.359554</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Label-free cell viability assay using phase imaging with computational specificity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.31.363341v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fast inactivation of Na+ current in rat adrenal chromaffin cells involves two independent inactivation pathways 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.31.363341v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Voltage-dependent sodium (Nav) current in adrenal chromaffin cells (CCs) is rapidly inactivating and TTX-sensitive. The fractional availability of CC Nav current has been implicated in regulation of action potential (AP) frequency and the occurrence of slow-wave burst firing. To ascertain whether features of CC Nav inactivation might influence AP firing, we recorded Nav current in rat CCs, primarily from adrenal medullary slices. A key feature of CC Nav current is that recovery from inactivation, even following brief (5 ms) inactivation steps, exhibits two exponential components of generally similar amplitude. Variations of standard paired pulse protocols support the view that entry into the fast and slower recovery processes result from largely independent, competing inactivation pathways, both of which occur with similar onset times at depolarizing potentials. Over voltages from -120 to -80 mV, faster recovery varies from ~3 to 30 ms, while slower recovery from about 50-400 ms. At strong activation voltages (+0 mV and more positive), the relative entry into slow or fast recovery pathways is similar and independent of voltage. Trains of brief inactivating steps result in cumulative increases in the slower recovery fraction. This supports idea that brief recovery intervals preferentially allow recovery of channels from fast recovery pathways, thereby increasing the fraction of channels in the slow recovery pathway with each subsequent inactivation step. This provides a mechanism whereby differential rates of recovery produce use-dependent accumulation in slower recovery pathways. Consistent with use-dependent accumulation of channels in slow recovery pathways, repetitive AP clamp waveforms at 1-10 Hz frequencies reduce Nav availability to 10-20% of initial amplitude dependent on holding potential. The results indicate that there are two distinct pathways of fast inactivation, one that leads to normal fast recovery and the other with a slower time course, which together are well-suited to mediate use-dependent changes in Nav availability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Espinosa, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neely, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lingle, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.31.363341</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fast inactivation of Na+ current in rat adrenal chromaffin cells involves two independent inactivation pathways]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.31.363416v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nav1.3 and fibroblast growth factor homologous factor 14 are primary determinants of the TTX-sensitive sodium current in mouse adrenal chromaffin cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.31.363416v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adrenal chromaffin cells (CCs) in rodents express a rapidly inactivating, TTX-sensitive sodium current. The current has generally been attributed to Nav1.7, although a possible role for Nav1.3 has also been suggested. Nav channels in rat CCs rapidly inactivate into two separable pathways, which differ in their time course of recovery from inactivation. One population recovers with time constants similar to traditional fast inactivation and the other about 10-fold slower. Inactivation properties suggest that the two pathways result from a single homogenous population of channels. Here we probe the properties and molecular components of the Nav current present in mouse CCs. We first confirm that functional properties of Nav current in rat and mouse cells are generally similar in terms of activation range, steady-state inactivation, and dual pathway fast inactivation. The results then show that all inward Nav current is absent in CCs from Nav1.3 KO mice. Subsequently, in a mouse with KO of fibroblast growth factor homology factor 14 (FGF14), we find that the slow component of recovery from fast inactivation is completely absent in most CCs, with no change in the time constant of fast recovery. Experiments probing the use-dependence of Nav current diminution between WT and FGF14 KO mice directly demonstrate a role of slow recovery from inactivation in determination of Nav current availability. Overall, the results indicate that the FGF14-mediated inactivation is the major determinant in defining use-dependent changes in Nav availability in CCs. We also consider the potential impact that inactivating FGFs with different recovery kinetics can exert on differential use-dependent changes in Nav availability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Espinosa, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lingle, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.31.363416</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nav1.3 and fibroblast growth factor homologous factor 14 are primary determinants of the TTX-sensitive sodium current in mouse adrenal chromaffin cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.01.363994v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The genetic architecture of larval aggregation behavior in Drosophila 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.01.363994v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many insect species exhibit basal social behaviors such as aggregation, which play important roles in their feeding and mating ecologies. However, the evolutionary, genetic, and physiological mechanisms that regulate insect aggregation remain unknown for most species. Here, we used natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster to identify the genetic architecture that drives larval aggregation feeding behavior. By using quantitative and reverse genetic approaches, we have identified a complex neurogenetic network that plays a role in regulating the decision of larvae to feed in either solitude or as a group. Results from single gene, RNAi-knockdown experiments show that several of the identified genes represent key nodes in the genetic network that determines the level of aggregation while feeding. Furthermore, we show that a single non-coding SNP in the gene CG14205, a putative acyltransferase, is associated with both decreased mRNA expression and increased aggregate formation, which suggests that it has a specific role in inhibiting aggregation behavior. Our results identify, for the first time, the genetic components which interact to regulate naturally occurring levels of aggregation in D. melanogaster larvae.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McKinney, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben-Shahar, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.01.363994</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The genetic architecture of larval aggregation behavior in Drosophila]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.02.365650v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transient K+ current explains cross-species differences in the effects of myofibroblasts on myocytes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.02.365650v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Electrical and paracrine couplings between cardiomyocytes (CMs) and myofibroblasts (MFBs) affect both physiology and pathophysiology of cardiac tissues in a range of animal models, but relating these observations to humans is a challenge because effects vary greatly across species. To address this challenge, we developed a mathematical model for mechanoelectrical interactions between CM and MFB, considering both electrical and paracrine couplings between CMs and MFBs, with the aim of identifying the sources of cross-species variation and extrapolating animal models to predicted effects in humans. Our results revealed substantial differences across species in how these couplings modulate excitation-contraction coupling and Ca2+ transients of CMs. Both classes of couplings prolong action potential and increase APD in rat CMs, but shorten action potential and decrease APD in human CMs. Electrical coupling attenuates Ca2+ transients and active tension generation in human CMs, but has no significant effect on rat CMs. Paracrine coupling reduces Ca2+ transients and active tension in both human and rat CM. The results suggest that the variance of functional interactions between CM and MFB in cross-species may be explained by differences in the transient outward K+ currents associated with the KCND2 gene, and thus suggest potential therapeutic pathways for fibrotic cardiomyopathy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genin, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.02.365650</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transient K+ current explains cross-species differences in the effects of myofibroblasts on myocytes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.04.368043v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MarkovHC: Markov hierarchical clustering for the topological structure of high-dimensional single-cell omics data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.04.368043v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Distinguishing cell types and cell states is one of the fundamental questions in single-cell studies. Meanwhile, exploring the lineage relations among cells and finding the path and critical points in the cell fate transition are also of great importance.

Existing unsupervised clustering methods and lineage trajectory reconstruction methods often face several challenges such as clustering data of arbitrary shapes, tracking precise trajectories and identifying critical points. Certain adaptive landscape approach1-3, which constructs a pseudo-energy landscape of the dynamical system, may be used to explore such problems. Thus, we propose Markov hierarchical clustering algorithm (MarkovHC), which reconstructs multi-scale pseudo-energy landscape by exploiting underlying metastability structure in an exponentially perturbed Markov chain4. A Markov process describes the random walk of a hypothetically traveling cell in the corresponding pseudo-energy landscape over possible gene expression states. Technically, MarkovHC integrates the tasks of cell classification, trajectory reconstruction, and critical point identification in a single theoretical framework consistent with topological data analysis (TDA)5.

In addition to the algorithm development and simulation tests, we also applied MarkovHC to diverse types of real biological data: single-cell RNA-Seq data, cytometry data, and single-cell ATAC-Seq data. Remarkably, when applying to single-cell RNA-Seq data of human ESC derived progenitor cells6, MarkovHC not only could successfully identify known cell types, but also discover new cell types and stages. In addition, when using MarkovHC to analyze single-cell RNA-Seq data of human preimplantation embryos in early development7, the hierarchical structure of the lineage trajectories was faithfully reconstituted. Furthermore, the critical points representing important stage transitions had also been identified by MarkovHC from early gastric cancer data8.

In summary, these results demonstrate that MarkovHC is a powerful tool based on rigorous metastability theory to explore hierarchical structures of biological data, to identify a cell sub-population (basin) and a critical point (stage transition), and to track a lineage trajectory (differentiation path).

HighlightsO_LIMarkovHC explores the topology hierarchy in high-dimensional data.
C_LIO_LIMarkovHC can find clusters (basins) and cores (attractors) of clusters in different scales.
C_LIO_LIThe trajectory of state transition (transition paths) and critical points in the process of state transition (critical points) among clusters can be tracked.
C_LIO_LIMarkovHC can be applied on diverse types of single-cell omics data.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.04.368043</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MarkovHC: Markov hierarchical clustering for the topological structure of high-dimensional single-cell omics data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.04.369017v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanistic inferences from analysis of measurements of protein phase transitions in live cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.04.369017v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The combination of phase separation and disorder-to-order transitions can give rise to ordered, semi-crystalline fibrillar assemblies that underlie prion phenomena namely, the non-Mendelian transfer of information across cells. Recently, a method known as Distributed Amphifluoric Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (DAmFRET) was developed to study the convolution of phase separation and disorder-to-order transitions in live cells. In this assay, a protein of interest is expressed to a broad range of concentrations and the acquisition of local density and order, measured by changes in FRET, is used to map phase transitions for different proteins. The high-throughput nature of this assay affords the promise of uncovering sequence-to-phase behavior relationships in live cells. Here, we report the development of a supervised method to obtain automated and accurate classifications of phase transitions quantified using the DAmFRET assay. Systems that we classify as undergoing two-state discontinuous transitions are consistent with prion-like behaviors, although the converse is not always true. We uncover well-established and surprising new sequence features that contribute to two-state phase behavior of prion-like domains. Additionally, our method enables quantitative, comparative assessments of sequence-specific driving forces for phase transitions in live cells. Finally, we demonstrate that a modest augmentation of DAmFRET measurements, specifically time-dependent protein expression profiles, can allow one to apply classical nucleation theory to extract sequence-specific lower bounds on the probability of nucleating ordered assemblies. Taken together, our approaches lead to a useful analysis pipeline that enables the extraction of mechanistic inferences regarding phase transitions in live cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Posey, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruff, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lalmansingh, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kandola, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lange, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halfmann, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.04.369017</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanistic inferences from analysis of measurements of protein phase transitions in live cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.05.369835v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cryo-EM structure of a proton-activated chloride channel TMEM206 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.05.369835v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
TMEM206 has been recently identified as an evolutionarily conserved chloride channel that underlies ubiquitously expressed, proton-activated, outwardly rectifying anion currents. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of pufferfish TMEM206, which forms a trimeric channel, with each subunit comprising two transmembrane segments, the outer and inner helices, and a large extracellular domain. An ample vestibule in the extracellular region is accessible laterally from the three side portals. The central pore contains multiple constrictions preventing ion conduction. A conserved lysine residue near the cytoplasmic end of the inner helix forms the presumed chloride ion selectivity filter. Unprecedentedly, the core structure and assembly closely resemble those of the epithelial sodium channel/degenerin family of sodium channels that are unrelated in amino acid sequence and conduct cations instead of anions. Together with electrophysiology, this work provides insights into ion conduction and gating for a new class of chloride channels that is architecturally distinct from previously characterized chloride channel families.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Deng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rau, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitzpatrick, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.05.369835</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cryo-EM structure of a proton-activated chloride channel TMEM206]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.06.372037v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Landscape analysis of escape variants identifies SARS-CoV-2 spike mutations that attenuate monoclonal and serum antibody neutralization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.06.372037v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein are a goal of COVID-19 vaccines and have received emergency use authorization as therapeutics, viral escape mutants could compromise their efficacy. To define the immune-selected mutational landscape in S protein, we used a VSV-eGFP-SARS-CoV-2-S chimeric virus and 19 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) to generate 50 different escape mutants. The variants were mapped onto the RBD structure and evaluated for cross-resistance to mAbs and convalescent human sera. Each mAb had a unique resistance profile, although many shared residues within an epitope. Some variants (e.g., S477N) were resistant to neutralization by multiple mAbs, whereas others (e.g., E484K) escaped neutralization by convalescent sera, suggesting some humans induce a narrow repertoire of neutralizing antibodies. Comparing the antibody-mediated mutational landscape in S with sequence variation in circulating SARS-CoV-2, we define substitutions that may attenuate neutralizing immune responses in some humans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>VanBlargan, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rothlauf, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bloyet, L.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stumpf, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Errico, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Theel, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellebedy, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fremont, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamond, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whelan, S. P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.06.372037</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Landscape analysis of escape variants identifies SARS-CoV-2 spike mutations that attenuate monoclonal and serum antibody neutralization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.07.372870v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Invariant Odor Recognition with ON-OFF Neural Ensembles 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.07.372870v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Invariant recognition of a stimulus is a challenging pattern-recognition problem that must be dealt with by all sensory systems. Since neural responses evoked by a stimulus could be perturbed in a multitude of ways, could a single scheme be devised to achieve this computational capability? We examined this issue in locust olfactory system. We found that odor-evoked responses in individual projection neurons in the locust antennal lobe varied unpredictably with repetition, stimulus dynamics, stimulus history, presence of background odorants, and changes in ambient conditions. Yet, a highly-constrained Bayesian logistic regression approach with ternary weights could provide robust odor recognition. We found that this approach could be further simplified: sum firing rates of ON neurons and subtract total activity in OFF neurons ( ON minus OFF classifier). Notably, we found that this approach could be generalized to develop a Boolean neural network that can perform well in a non-olfactory pattern recognition task.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nizampatnam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandak, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katta, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.07.372870</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Invariant Odor Recognition with ON-OFF Neural Ensembles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.13.381897v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Design of intrinsically disordered proteins that undergo phase transitions with lower critical solution temperatures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.13.381897v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many naturally occurring elastomers are intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) built up of repeating units and they can demonstrate two types of thermoresponsive phase behavior. Systems characterized by lower critical solution temperatures (LCST) undergo phase separation above the LCST whereas systems characterized by upper critical solution temperatures (UCST) undergo phase separation below the UCST. There is congruence between thermoresponsive coil-globule transitions and phase behavior whereby the theta temperatures above or below which the IDPs transition from coils to globules serve as useful proxies for the LCST / UCST values. This implies that one can design sequences with desired values for the theta temperature with either increasing or decreasing radii of gyration above the theta temperature. Here, we show that the Monte Carlo simulations performed in the so-called intrinsic solvation (IS) limit version of the temperature-dependent the ABSINTH (self-Assembly of Biomolecules Studied by an Implicit, Novel, Tunable Hamiltonian) implicit solvation model, yields a useful heuristic for discriminating between sequences with known LCST versus UCST phase behavior. Accordingly, we use this heuristic in a supervised approach, integrate it with a genetic algorithm, combine this with IS limit simulations, and demonstrate that novel sequences can be designed with LCST phase behavior. These calculations are aided by direct estimates of temperature dependent free energies of solvation for model compounds that are derived using the polarizable AMOEBA (atomic multipole optimized energetics for biomolecular applications) forcefield. To demonstrate the validity of our designs, we calculate coil-globule transition profiles using the full ABSINTH model and combine these with Gaussian Cluster Theory calculations to establish the LCST phase behavior of designed IDPs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zeng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fossat, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chilkoti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.13.381897</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Design of intrinsically disordered proteins that undergo phase transitions with lower critical solution temperatures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.18.385815v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ancestral class-promiscuity as a driver of functional diversity in the BAHD acyltransferase family in plants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.18.385815v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Large enzyme families catalyze metabolic diversification by virtue of their ability to use diverse chemical scaffolds. How enzyme families attain such functional diversity is not clear. Here, we addressed this question using BAHD acyltransferases as a model, and identified the routes by which duplication, promiscuity and sequence changes influenced BAHD diversification. This fast-evolving family expanded drastically during land plant evolution from 1-5 copies in algae to [~]100 copies in diploid angiosperm genomes. In vitro characterization of fourteen BAHDs against a substrate panel and compilation of >160 published activities revealed the wide prevalence of promiscuity among BAHDs. Using phylogenetic analysis, we predicted the substrate classes that the ancestral enzymes were likely capable of using prior to land plant origins. While the anthocyanin acylation activity was fixed in BAHDs later near the origin of angiosperms, in vitro testing of BAHDs from non-seed plant lineages suggested that the ability to acylate anthocyanins likely existed promiscuously millions of years prior to its fixation. Motif enrichment analysis in anthocyanin-acylating BAHDs identified two motifs fixed in the largest anthocyanin acylating clade. Molecular dynamic simulations and enzyme kinetics revealed the important role of an active site tryptophan, whose bulkiness, hydrophobicity and aromaticity are critical for anthocyanin acylation. Our results thus describe the molecular processes in robust, evolvable enzymes that drive emergence of functional diversity in enzyme families.

One sentence summaryUsing a combination of phylogenetics, biochemistry and protein structure analysis, we investigated how the BAHD acyltransferase family evolved to use a structurally diverse array of substrates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kruse, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weigle, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Gomez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chobirko, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaffer, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Specht, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jez, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shukla, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moghe, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.18.385815</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ancestral class-promiscuity as a driver of functional diversity in the BAHD acyltransferase family in plants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.19.390492v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Frontoparietal pattern similarity analyses of cognitive control in monozygotic twins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.19.390492v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ability to flexibly adapt thoughts and actions in a goal-directed manner appears to rely on cognitive control mechanisms that are strongly impacted by individual differences. A powerful research strategy for investigating the nature of individual variation is to study monozygotic (identical) twins. Evidence of twin effects have been observed in prior behavioral and neuroimaging studies, yet within the domain of cognitive control, it remains to be demonstrated that the neural underpinnings of such effects are specific and reliable. Here, we utilize a multi-task, within-subjects event-related neuroimaging design with functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate twin effects through multivariate pattern similarity analyses. We focus on fronto-parietal brain regions exhibiting consistently increased activation associated with cognitive control demands across four task domains: selective attention, context processing, multi-tasking, and working memory. Healthy young adult monozygotic twin pairs exhibited increased similarity of within- and cross-task activation patterns in these fronto-parietal regions, relative to unrelated pairs. Twin activation pattern similarity effects were clearest under high control demands, were not present in a set of task-unrelated parcels or due to anatomic similarity, and were primarily observed during the within-trial timepoints in which the control demands peaked. Together, these results indicate that twin similarity in the neural representation of cognitive control may be domain-general but also functionally and temporally specific in relation to the level of control demand. The findings suggest a genetic and/or environmental basis for individual variation in cognitive control function, and highlight the potential of twin-based neuroimaging designs for exploring heritability questions within this domain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Etzel, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kizhner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braver, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.19.390492</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Frontoparietal pattern similarity analyses of cognitive control in monozygotic twins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.22.392704v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A representational similarity analysis of cognitive control during color-word Stroop 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.22.392704v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Progress in understanding the neural bases of cognitive control has been supported by the paradigmatic color-word Stroop task, in which a target response (color name) must be selected over a more automatic, yet potentially incongruent, distractor response (word). For this paradigm, models have postulated complementary coding schemes: dorsomedial frontal cortex (DMFC) is proposed to evaluate the demand for control via incongruency-related coding, whereas dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is proposed to implement control via goal and target-related coding. Yet, mapping these theorized schemes to measured neural activity within this task has been challenging. Here, we tested for these coding schemes relatively directly, by decomposing an event-related color-word Stroop task via representational similarity analysis (RSA). Three neural coding models were fit to the similarity structure of multi-voxel patterns of human fMRI activity, acquired from 65 healthy, young-adult males and females. Incongruency coding was predominant in DMFC, whereas both target and incongruency coding were present with indistinguishable strength in DLPFC. In contrast, distractor coding was strongly encoded within early visual cortex. Further, these coding schemes were differentially related to behavior: individuals with stronger DLPFC (and lateral posterior parietal cortex) target coding, but weaker DMFC incongruency coding, exhibited less behavioral Stroop interference. These results highlight the utility of the RSA framework for investigating neural mechanisms of cognitive control and point to several promising directions to extend the Stroop paradigm.

Significant StatementHow the human brain enables cognitive control -- the ability to override behavioral habits to pursue internal goals -- has been a major focus of neuroscience research. This ability has been frequently investigated by using the Stroop color-word naming task. With the Stroop as a test-bed, many theories have proposed specific neuroanatomical dissociations, in which medial and lateral frontal brain regions underlie cognitive control by encoding distinct types of information. Yet providing a direct confirmation of these claims has been challenging. Here, we demonstrate that representational similarity analysis (RSA), which estimates and models the similarity structure of brain activity patterns, can successfully establish the hypothesized functional dissociations within the Stroop task. RSA may provide a useful approach for investigating cognitive control mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Freund, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bugg, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braver, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.22.392704</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A representational similarity analysis of cognitive control during color-word Stroop]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.24.396143v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neuroskeletal effects of chronic bioelectric nerve stimulation in health and diabetes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.24.396143v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Background/AimsBioelectric nerve stimulation (eStim) is a novel clinical paradigm that can promote nerve regeneration after trauma, including within the context of diabetes. However, its ability to prevent the onset of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) has not yet been evaluated. Beyond the nerve itself, DPN has emerged as a potential contributor to sarcopenia and bone disease; thus, we hypothesized that eStim could serve as a strategy to simultaneously promote neural and musculoskeletal health in diabetes.

MethodsTo address this question, an eStim paradigm pre-optimized to promote nerve regeneration was applied to the sciatic nerve, which directly innervates the tibia and lower limb, for 8-weeks in control and streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic (T1D) rats. Metabolic, gait, nerve and bone assessments were used to evaluate the progression of diabetes and the effect of sciatic nerve eStim on neuropathy and musculoskeletal disease, while also considering the effects of cuff placement and chronic eStim in otherwise healthy animals.

ResultsRats with T1D exhibited increased mechanical allodynia in the hindpaw, reduced muscle mass, decreased cortical and cancellous bone volume fraction (BVF), reduced cortical bone tissue mineral density (TMD), and decreased bone marrow adiposity. T1D also had an independent effect on gait. Placement of the cuff electrode alone was sufficient to alter gait patterns and to promote unilateral reductions in tibia length, cortical BVF, and bone marrow adiposity. Alterations in gait patterns and left-right balance to tibia length were restored with eStim, but it did not prevent T1D-induced changes in muscle, bone, marrow adiposity or mechanical sensitivity. Beyond this, chronic eStim resulted in an independent, bilateral reduction in cortical TMD.

ConclusionOverall, these results provide new insight into the pathogenesis of diabetic neuroskeletal disease and its regulation by eStim. Though eStim did not prevent neural or musculoskeletal complications in T1D, our results demonstrate that clinical applications of peripheral neuromodulation ought to consider the impact of device placement and eStim on long-term skeletal health in both healthy individuals and those with metabolic disease. This includes monitoring for compounded bone loss to prevent unintended consequences including decreased bone mineral density and increased fracture risk.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Beeve, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magee, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacEwan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheller, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.24.396143</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neuroskeletal effects of chronic bioelectric nerve stimulation in health and diabetes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.25.399204v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The kinase specificity of protein kinase inhibitor peptide (PKI) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.25.399204v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
G-protein-coupled-receptor (GPCR) signaling is exquisitely controlled to achieve spatial and temporal specificity. The endogenous protein kinase inhibitor peptide (PKI) confines the spatial and temporal spread of the activity of protein kinase A (PKA), which integrates inputs from three major types of GPCRs. Despite its wide usage as a pharmaceutical inhibitor of PKA, it was unclear whether PKI only inhibits PKA activity. Here, the effects of PKI on 55 mouse kinases were tested in in vitro assays. We found that in addition to inhibiting PKA activity, both PKI (6-22) amide and full-length PKI facilitated the activation of multiple isoforms of protein kinase C (PKC), albeit at much higher concentrations than necessary to inhibit PKA. Thus, our results call for appropriate interpretation of experimental results using PKI as a pharmaceutical agent. Furthermore, our study lays the foundation to explore the potential functions of PKI in regulating PKC activity and in coordinating PKC and PKA activities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sabatini, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.25.399204</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The kinase specificity of protein kinase inhibitor peptide (PKI)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.29.402735v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microfluidic Device Facilitates Novel In Vitro Modeling of Human Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis-on-a-Chip 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.29.402735v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a deadly gastrointestinal disease of premature infants characterized by an exaggerated inflammatory response, dysbiosis of the gut microbiome, decreased epithelial cell proliferation, and gut barrier disruption. Here, we describe a novel in vitro model of human neonatal small intestinal epithelium (Neonatal-Intestine-on-a-Chip) that mimics key features of intestinal physiology by utilizing a combination of premature infant intestinal enteroids co-cultured with human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells within a microfluidic device. We used our Neonatal-Intestine-on-a-Chip to recapitulate NEC pathophysiology in an in vitro model system of the premature gut inoculated with infant-derived microbiota. This model, also known as NEC-on-a-Chip, emulates the prominent features of NEC, demonstrating significant upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, decreased intestinal epithelial cell markers, reduced epithelial proliferation and disrupted epithelial barrier integrity. NEC-on-a-Chip provides a novel preclinical model of NEC, which may be used as a personalized medicine approach to test new therapeutics for this devastating disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lanik, W. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luke, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nolan, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rimer, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gale, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luc, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bidani, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sibald, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mihi, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agrawal, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goree, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maestas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Good, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.29.402735</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microfluidic Device Facilitates Novel In Vitro Modeling of Human Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis-on-a-Chip]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.30.404905v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 N protein reveals multiple functional consequences of the C-terminal domain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.30.404905v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nucleocapsid protein (N) is the most abundant viral protein encoded by SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19. N plays key roles at different steps in the replication cycle and is used as a serological marker of infection. Here we characterize the biochemical properties of SARS-CoV-2 N. We define the N domains important for oligomerization and RNA binding that are associated with spherical droplet formation and suggest that N accessibility and assembly may be regulated by phosphorylation. We also map the RNA binding interface using hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. Finally, we find that the N protein C-terminal domain is the most immunogenic by sensitivity, based upon antibody binding to COVID-19 patient samples from the US and Hong Kong. Together, these findings uncover domain-specific insights into the significance of SARS-CoV-2 N and highlight the diagnostic value of using N domains as highly specific and sensitive markers of COVID-19.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qavi, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hachim, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kavian, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cole, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moyle, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sweeney-Gibbons, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rohrs, H. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gross, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peiris, J. S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basler, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farnsworth, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valkenburg, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amarasinghe, G. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leung, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.30.404905</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 N protein reveals multiple functional consequences of the C-terminal domain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.01.395210v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Parallel Hippocampal-Parietal Circuits for Self- and Goal-oriented Processing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.01.395210v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The hippocampus is critically important for a diverse range of cognitive processes, such as episodic memory, prospective memory, affective processing, and spatial navigation. The human hippocampus has been thought of as being solely functionally connected to a set of neocortical regions known as the default mode network (DMN), which supports self-referential cognition. Using individual-specific precision functional mapping of resting state fMRI data, we found the anterior hippocampus (head and body) to be preferentially connected to the DMN as expected. The hippocampal tail, however, was strongly preferentially connected to the parietal memory network (PMN), which supports goal-oriented cognition and stimulus recognition. This resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) anterior-posterior dichotomy was well-matched by differences in task deactivations and anatomical segmentations of the hippocampus. Task deactivations were localized to the head and body of the hippocampus (DMN), relatively sparing the tail (PMN). Anterior and posterior hippocampal connectivity was network-specific even though the DMN and PMN are interdigitated in medial parietal cortex. The functional dichotomization of the hippocampus into anterior DMN-connected and posterior PMN-connected parcels suggests parallel, but distinct circuits between the hippocampus and medial parietal cortex for self vs. goal-oriented processing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zheng, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montez, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilmore, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newbold, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laumann, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kay, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seider, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hampton, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexopolous, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlaggar, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sylvester, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greene, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shimony, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wig, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gratton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDermott, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raichle, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dosenbach, N. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.01.395210</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Parallel Hippocampal-Parietal Circuits for Self- and Goal-oriented Processing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.02.408823v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A single intranasal or intramuscular immunization with chimpanzee adenovirus vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccine protects against pneumonia in hamsters. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.02.408823v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The development of an effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent of COVID-19, is a global priority. Here, we compared the protective capacity of intranasal and intramuscular delivery of a chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored vaccine encoding a pre-fusion stabilized spike protein (ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S) in Golden Syrian hamsters. While immunization with ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S induced robust spike protein specific antibodies capable or neutralizing the virus, antibody levels in serum were higher in hamsters immunized by an intranasal compared to intramuscular route. Accordingly, ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S immunized hamsters were protected against a challenge with a high dose of SARS-CoV-2. After challenge, ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S-immunized hamsters had less weight loss and showed reductions in viral RNA and infectious virus titer in both nasal swabs and lungs, and reduced pathology and inflammatory gene expression in the lungs, compared to ChAd-Control immunized hamsters. Intranasal immunization with ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S provided superior protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and inflammation in the upper respiratory tract. These findings support intranasal administration of the ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S candidate vaccine to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection, disease, and possibly transmission.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bricker, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darling, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hassan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harastani, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soung, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, Y.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holtzman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bailey, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Case, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fremont, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamond, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.02.408823</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A single intranasal or intramuscular immunization with chimpanzee adenovirus vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccine protects against pneumonia in hamsters.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.03.411165v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Insulinase like protease 1 contributes to macrogamont formation in Cryptosporidium parvum 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.03.411165v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The apicomplexan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum contains an expanded family of 22 insulinase like proteases (INS), a feature that contrasts with their otherwise streamlined genome. Here we examined the function of INS1, which is most similar to the human insulinase protease that cleaves a variety of small peptide substrates. INS1 is a M16A clan member and contains a signal peptide, an N-terminal domain with the HxxEH active site, followed by three inactive domains. Unlike previously studied C. parvum INS proteins that are expressed in sporozoites and during merogony, INS1 was expressed exclusively in macrogamonts, where it was localized in small cytoplasmic vesicles. Although INS1 did not colocalize with the oocyst wall protein recognized by the antibody OW50, immune-electron microscopy indicated that INS1 resides in small vesicles in the secretory system. Notably, these small INS1 positive vesicles often subtend large vacuoles resembling wall forming bodies, which contain precursors for oocyst wall formation. Genetic deletion of INS1, or replacement with an active site mutant, resulted in lower formation of macrogamonts in vitro and reduced oocyst shedding in vivo. Our findings reveal that INS1 functions in formation or maturation of macrogamonts and that its loss results in attenuated virulence in immunocompromised mice.

ImportanceCryptosporidiosis is a debilitating diarrheal disease in young children in developing countries. Absence of effective treatments or vaccines makes this infection very difficult to manage in susceptible populations. Although the oral dose of oocysts needed to cause infection is low, infected individuals shed very high numbers of oocysts, hence readily contaminating the environment. Our studies demonstrate that the protease INS1 is important for formation of female sexual stages and that in its absence, parasites produce fewer oocysts and are attenuated in immunocompromised mice. These findings suggest that mutants lacking INS1, or related proteases, may be useful for producing attenuated vaccines to induce immunity without causing disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sibley, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.03.411165</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Insulinase like protease 1 contributes to macrogamont formation in Cryptosporidium parvum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.05.412478v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Probing E. coli SSB Protein-DNA topology by reversing DNA backbone polarity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.05.412478v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
E. coli single strand (ss) DNA binding protein (SSB) is an essential protein that binds ssDNA intermediates formed during genome maintenance. SSB homo-tetramers bind ssDNA in two major modes differing in occluded site size and cooperativity. The (SSB)35 mode in which ssDNA wraps on average around two subunits is favored at low [NaCl] and high SSB to DNA ratios and displays high "unlimited", nearest-neighbor cooperativity forming long protein clusters. The (SSB)65 mode, in which ssDNA wraps completely around four subunits of the tetramer, is favored at higher [NaCl] (> 200 mM) and displays "limited" low cooperativity. Crystal structures of E. coli SSB and P. falciparum SSB show ssDNA bound to the SSB subunits (OB-folds) with opposite polarities of the sugar phosphate backbones. To investigate whether SSB subunits show a polarity preference for binding ssDNA, we examined EcSSB and PfSSB binding to a series of (dT)70 constructs in which the backbone polarity was switched in the middle of the DNA by incorporating a reverse polarity (RP) phosphodiester linkage, either 3-3 or 5-5. We find only minor effects on the DNA binding properties for these RP constructs, although (dT)70 with a 3-3 polarity switch shows decreased affinity for EcSSB in the (SSB)65 mode and lower cooperativity in the (SSB)35 mode. However, (dT)70 in which every phosphodiester linkage is reversed, does not form a completely wrapped (SSB)65 mode, but rather binds EcSSB in the (SSB)35 mode, with little cooperativity. In contrast, PfSSB, which binds ssDNA only in an (SSB)65 mode and with opposite backbone polarity and different topology, shows little effect of backbone polarity on its DNA binding properties. We present structural models suggesting that strict backbone polarity can be maintained for ssDNA binding to the individual OB-folds if there is a change in ssDNA wrapping topology of the RP ssDNA.

Statement of SignificanceSingle stranded (ss) DNA binding (SSB) proteins are essential for genome maintenance. Usually homo-tetrameric, bacterial SSBs bind ssDNA in multiple modes, one of which involves wrapping 65 nucleotides of ssDNA around all four subunits. Crystal structures of E. coli and P. falciparum SSB-ssDNA complexes show ssDNA bound with different backbone polarity orientations raising the question of whether these SSBs maintain strict backbone polarity in binding ssDNA. We show that both E. coli and P. falciparum SSBs can still form high affinity fully wrapped complexes with non-natural DNA containing internal reversals of the backbone polarity. These results suggest that both proteins maintain a strict backbone polarity preference, but adopt an alternate ssDNA wrapping topology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lohman, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kozlov, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.05.412478</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Probing E. coli SSB Protein-DNA topology by reversing DNA backbone polarity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.06.413849v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Starvation induces shrinkage of the bacterial cytoplasm 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.06.413849v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Environmental fluctuations are a common challenge for single-celled organisms; enteric bacteria such as Escherichia coli experience dramatic changes in nutrient availability, pH, and temperature during their journey into and out of the host. While the effects of altered nutrient availability on gene expression and protein synthesis are well known, their impacts on cytoplasmic dynamics and cell morphology have been largely overlooked. Here, we discover that depletion of utilizable nutrients results in shrinkage of E. colis inner membrane from the cell wall. Shrinkage was accompanied by a [~]17% reduction in cytoplasmic volume and a concurrent increase in periplasmic volume. Inner membrane retraction occurred almost exclusively at the new cell pole. This phenomenon was distinct from turgor-mediated plasmolysis and independent of new transcription, translation, or canonical starvation-sensing pathways. Cytoplasmic dry-mass density increased during shrinkage, suggesting that it is driven primarily by loss of water. Shrinkage was reversible: upon a shift to nutrient-rich medium, expansion started almost immediately at a rate dependent on carbon-source quality. Robust recovery from starvation required the Tol-Pal system, highlighting the importance of envelope coupling during recovery. Klebsiella pneumoniae also exhibited shrinkage when shifted to carbon-free conditions, suggesting a conserved phenomenon. These findings demonstrate that even when Gram-negative bacterial growth is arrested, cell morphology and physiology are still dynamic.

Significance statementBacterial cells constantly face nutrient fluctuations in their natural environments. While previous studies have identified gene expression changes upon nutrient depletion, it is much less well known how cellular morphology and cytoplasmic properties respond to shifts in nutrient availability. Here, we discovered that switching fast-growing Escherichia coli cells to nutrient-free conditions results in substantial shrinkage of the inner membrane away from the cell wall, especially at the new pole. Shrinkage was primarily driven by loss of cytoplasmic water contents. Shrinkage was also exhibited by cells naturally entering stationary phase, highlighting its biological relevance across starvation conditions. The membrane-spanning Tol-Pal system was critical for robust entry into and recovery from shrinkage, indicating the importance of cell-envelope homeostasis in surviving nutrient starvation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westfall, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Odermatt, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cesar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sievert, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elias, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levin, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.06.413849</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Starvation induces shrinkage of the bacterial cytoplasm]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.08.416271v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Accurate neoantigen prediction depends on mutation position relative to patient allele-specific MHC anchor location 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.08.416271v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neoantigens are novel peptide sequences resulting from sources such as somatic mutations in tumors. Upon loading onto major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, they can trigger recognition by T cells. Accurate neoantigen identification is thus critical for both designing cancer vaccines and predicting response to immunotherapies. Neoantigen identification and prioritization relies on correctly predicting whether the presenting peptide sequence can successfully induce an immune response. As the majority of somatic mutations are single nucleotide variants, changes between wildtype and mutated peptides are typically subtle and require cautious interpretation. A potentially underappreciated variable in neoantigen-prediction pipelines is the mutation position within the peptide relative to its anchor positions for the patients specific MHC molecules. While a subset of peptide positions are presented to the T-cell receptor for recognition, others are responsible for anchoring to the MHC, making these positional considerations critical for predicting T-cell responses. We computationally predicted high probability anchor positions for different peptide lengths for 328 common HLA alleles and identified unique anchoring patterns among them. Analysis of 923 tumor samples shows that 6-38% of neoantigen candidates are potentially misclassified and can be rescued using allelespecific knowledge of anchor positions. A subset of anchor results were orthogonally validated using protein crystallography structures. Representative anchor trends were experimentally validated using peptide-MHC stability assays and competition binding assays. By incorporating our anchor prediction results into neoantigen prediction pipelines, we hope to formalize, streamline and improve the identification process for relevant clinical studies.

One Sentence SummaryNeoantigen prediction accuracy is significantly influenced by the mutation position within the neoantigen and its relative position to the patients allele-specific MHC anchor locations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xia, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMichael, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Supabphol, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richters, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puig-Saus, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cotto, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hundal, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiwala, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goedegebuure, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johanns, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunn, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fehniger, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ribas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillanders, W. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffith, O. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffith, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.08.416271</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Accurate neoantigen prediction depends on mutation position relative to patient allele-specific MHC anchor location]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.10.420109v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 Nsp16 activation mechanism and a cryptic pocket with pan-coronavirus antiviral potential 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.10.420109v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Coronaviruses have caused multiple epidemics in the past two decades, in addition to the current COVID-19 pandemic that is severely damaging global health and the economy. Coronaviruses employ between twenty and thirty proteins to carry out their viral replication cycle including infection, immune evasion, and replication. Among these, nonstructural protein 16 (Nsp16), a 2-O-methyltransferase, plays an essential role in immune evasion. Nsp16 achieves this by mimicking its human homolog, CMTr1, which methylates mRNA to enhance translation efficiency and distinguish self from other. Unlike human CMTr1, Nsp16 requires a binding partner, Nsp10, to activate its enzymatic activity. The requirement of this binding partner presents two questions that we investigate in this manuscript. First, how does Nsp10 activate Nsp16? While experimentally-derived structures of the active Nsp16/Nsp10 complex exist, structures of inactive, monomeric Nsp16 have yet to be solved. Therefore, it is unclear how Nsp10 activates Nsp16. Using over one millisecond of molecular dynamics simulations of both Nsp16 and its complex with Nsp10, we investigate how the presence of Nsp10 shifts Nsp16s conformational ensemble in order to activate it. Second, guided by this activation mechanism and Markov state models (MSMs), we investigate if Nsp16 adopts inactive structures with cryptic pockets that, if targeted with a small molecule, could inhibit Nsp16 by stabilizing its inactive state. After identifying such a pocket in SARS-CoV-2 Nsp16, we show that this cryptic pocket also opens in SARS-CoV-1 and MERS, but not in human CMTr1. Therefore, it may be possible to develop pan-coronavirus antivirals that target this cryptic pocket.

Statement of SignificanceCoronaviruses are a major threat to human health. These viruses employ molecular machines, called proteins, to infect host cells and replicate. Characterizing the structure and dynamics of these proteins could provide a basis for designing small molecule antivirals. In this work, we use computer simulations to understand the moving parts of an essential SARS-CoV-2 protein, understand how a binding partner turns it on and off, and identify a novel pocket that antivirals could target to shut this protein off. The pocket is also present in other coronaviruses but not in the related human protein, so it could be a valuable target for pan-coronavirus antivirals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vithani, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ward, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmerman, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novak, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borowsky, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.10.420109</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2 Nsp16 activation mechanism and a cryptic pocket with pan-coronavirus antiviral potential]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.10.420273v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enhancing Task fMRI Preprocessing via Individualized Model-Based Filtering of Intrinsic Activity Dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.10.420273v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Brain responses recorded during fMRI are thought to reflect both rapid, stimulus-evoked activity and the propagation of spontaneous activity through brain networks. In the current work we describe a method to improve the estimation of task-evoked brain activity by first "filtering-out" the intrinsic propagation of pre-event activity from the BOLD signal. We do so using Mesoscale Individualized NeuroDynamic (MINDy; [1]) models built from individualized resting-state data (MINDy-based Filtering). After filtering, time-series are analyzed using conventional techniques. Results demonstrate that this simple operation significantly improves the statistical power and temporal precision of estimated group-level effects. Moreover, use of MINDy-based filtering increased the similarity of neural activation profiles and prediction of individual differences in behavior across tasks measuring the same construct (cognitive control).Thus, by subtracting the propagation of previous activity, we obtain better estimates of task-related neural activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Singh, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cole, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ching, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braver, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.10.420273</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enhancing Task fMRI Preprocessing via Individualized Model-Based Filtering of Intrinsic Activity Dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.11.422162v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bridges, not walls: the hippocampus builds narrative memories across distant events 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.11.422162v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lifes events are scattered throughout time, yet we often recall different events in the context of an integrated narrative. Prior research suggests that the hippocampus, which supports memory for past events, can sometimes support integration of overlapping associations or separate events, but the conditions which lead to hippocampus-dependent memory integration are unclear. We used functional brain imaging to test whether the ability to form a larger narrative (narrative coherence) drives hippocampal memory integration. During encoding of fictional stories, the hippocampus supported patterns of activity, including activity at boundaries between events, which were more similar between distant events that formed one coherent narrative, compared with events taken from unrelated narratives. Twenty-four hours later, the hippocampus preferentially supported detailed recall of coherent narrative events, through reinstatement of hippocampal activity patterns from encoding. These findings reveal a key function of the hippocampus: the dynamic integration of events into a narrative structure for memory.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cohn-Sheehy, B. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delarazan, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reagh, Z. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crivelli-Decker, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zacks, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ranganath, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.11.422162</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bridges, not walls: the hippocampus builds narrative memories across distant events]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.13.422502v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Association of Structural Variation with Cardiometabolic Traits in Finns 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.13.422502v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The contribution of genome structural variation (SV) to quantitative traits associated with cardiometabolic diseases remains largely unknown. Here, we present the results of a study examining genetic association between SVs and cardiometabolic traits in the Finnish population. We used sensitive methods to identify and genotype 129,166 high-confidence SVs from deep whole genome sequencing (WGS) data of 4,848 individuals. We tested the 64,572 common and low frequency SVs for association with 116 quantitative traits, and tested candidate associations using exome sequencing and array genotype data from an additional 15,205 individuals. We discovered 31 genome-wide significant associations at 15 loci, including two novel loci at which SVs have strong phenotypic effects: (1) a deletion of the ALB gene promoter that is greatly enriched in the Finnish population and causes decreased serum albumin level in carriers (p=1.47x10-54), and is also associated with increased levels of total cholesterol (p=1.22x10-28) and 14 additional cholesterol-related traits, and (2) a multiallelic copy number variant (CNV) at PDPR that is strongly associated with pyruvate (p=4.81x10-21) and alanine (p=6.14x10-12) levels and resides within a structurally complex genomic region that has accumulated many rearrangements over evolutionary time. We also confirmed six previously reported associations, including five led by stronger signals in single nucleotide variants (SNVs), and one linking recurrent HP gene deletion and cholesterol levels (p=6.24x10-10), which was also found to be strongly associated with increased glycoprotein level (p=3.53x10-35). Our study confirms that integrating SVs in trait-mapping studies will expand our knowledge of genetic factors underlying disease risk.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abel, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larson, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ganel, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanchi, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Regier, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christ, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Service, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, C. W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Havulinna, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuusisto, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boehnke, M. W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laakso, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palotie, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ripatti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freimer, N. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Locke, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stitziel, N. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.13.422502</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Association of Structural Variation with Cardiometabolic Traits in Finns]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.14.420174v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Total recall: episodic memory retrieval,choice, and memory confidence in the rat 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.14.420174v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Episodic memory enables recollection of past experiences to guide future behavior. Humans know which memories to trust (high confidence) and which to doubt (low confidence). How memory retrieval, memory confidence, and memory-guided decisions are related, however, is not understood. Additionally, whether animals can assess confidence in episodic memories to guide behavior is unknown. We developed a spatial episodic memory task in which rats were incentivized to gamble their time: betting more following a correct choice yielded greater reward. Rat behavior reflected memory confidence, with higher temporal bets following correct choices. We applied modern machine learning to identify a memory decision variable, and built a generative model of memories evolving over time that accurately predicted both choices and confidence reports. Our results reveal in rats an ability thought to exist exclusively in primates, and introduce a unified model of memory dynamics, retrieval, choice, and confidence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Joo, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geaghan-Breiner, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nachman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kepecs, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frank, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.14.420174</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Total recall: episodic memory retrieval,choice, and memory confidence in the rat]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.15.390716v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microbial Species Abundance Distributions Guide Human Population Size Estimation from Sewage Metagenomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.15.390716v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The metagenome embedded in urban sewage is an attractive new data source to understand urban ecology and assess human health status at scales beyond a single host. Analyzing the viral fraction of wastewater in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has shown the potential of wastewater as aggregated samples for early detection, prevalence monitoring, and variant identification of human diseases in large populations. However, using census-based population size instead of real-time population estimates can mislead the interpretation of data acquired from sewage, hindering assessment of representativeness, inference of prevalence, or comparisons of taxa across sites. Here, we show that taxon abundance and sub-species diversisty in gut-associated microbiomes are new feature space to utilize for human population estimation. Using a population-scale human gut microbiome sample of over 1,100 people, we found that taxon-abundance distributions of gut-associated multi-person microbiomes exhibited generalizable relationships with respect to human population size. Here and throughout this paper, the human population size is essentially the sample size from the wastewater sample. We present a new algorithm, MicrobiomeCensus, for estimating human population size from sewage samples. MicrobiomeCensus harnesses the inter-individual variability in human gut microbiomes and performs maximum likelihood estimation based on simultaneous deviation of multiple taxas relative abundances from their population means. MicrobiomeCensus outperformed generic algorithms in data-driven simulation benchmarks and detected population size differences in field data. New theorems are provided to justify our approach. This research provides a mathematical framework for inferring population sizes in real time from sewage samples, paving the way for more accurate ecological and public health studies utilizing the sewage metagenome.

Author summaryWastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is an emerging field that employs sewage as aggregated samples of human populations. This approach is particularly promising for tracking diseases that can spread asymptomatically in large populations, such as the COVID-19. As a new type of biological data, sewage has its own unique challenges to utilize. While wastewater samples are usually assumed to represent large populations, it is not guaranteed, because of stochasticity in toilet flushes; unlike epidemiological experiments collecting data from individuals, sample size, i.e., the human population size represented by a wastewater sample, is a fundamental yet difficult-to-characterize parameter for sewage samples. Researchers would need to aggregate data from large areas and week-long collection to stabilize data, during which, important spikes in small areas or short time scales may be lost. It also remains challenging to turn viral titers into case prevalences, evaluating representativeness, or comparing measurements across sites/studies.

This study provides a framework to estimate human population size from sewage utilizing human gut-associated microorganisms. Through analysis, we demonstrate that variance of taxon abundances and single-nucleotide polymorphism as two variables that change with population size. We provide a new tool MicrobiomeCensus that performs population size estimation from microbial taxon abundances. MicrobiomeCensus outperforms generic algorithms in terms of computational efficiency while at comparable or better accuracy. Using MicrobiomeCensus, we detected population size differences in sewage samples taken in Cambridge, MA, under two sampling approaches, i.e., "grab" or "composite" sampling. This study provides a framework to utilize individual-level microbiomes to learn from sewage, paving the way to prevalence estimation and improved spatio-temporal resolutions in WBE..
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ling, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duvallet, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isazadeh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frois-Moniz, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duarte, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ratti, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alm, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.15.390716</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microbial Species Abundance Distributions Guide Human Population Size Estimation from Sewage Metagenomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.15.408237v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure-guided microbial targeting of antistaphylococcal prodrugs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.15.408237v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Carboxy ester prodrugs have been widely employed as a means to increase oral absorption and potency of phosphonate antibiotics. Prodrugging can successfully mask problematic chemical features that prevent cellular uptake and can be used to target delivery of compounds to specific tissues. However, many carboxy ester promoieties are rapidly hydrolyzed by serum esterases, curbing their potential therapeutic applications. While carboxy ester-based prodrug targeting is feasible, it has seen limited use in microbes due to a paucity of information about the selectivity of microbial esterases. Here we identify the bacterial esterases, GloB and FrmB, that are required for carboxy ester prodrug activation in Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, we determine the substrate specificities for FrmB and GloB and demonstrate the structural basis of these preferences. Finally, we establish the carboxy ester substrate specificities of human and mouse sera, which revealed several promoieties likely to be serum esterase-resistant while still being microbially labile. These studies lay the groundwork for structure-guided design of anti-staphyloccal promoieties and expand the range of molecules to target staphyloccal pathogens.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Miller, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, I. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatten, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barekatain, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moustafa, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dowd, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Planet, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muller, F. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jez, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Odom John, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.15.408237</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure-guided microbial targeting of antistaphylococcal prodrugs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.15.422864v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predicting which genes will respond to perturbations of a TF: TF-independent properties of genes are major determinants of their responsiveness 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.15.422864v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe ability to predict which genes will respond to perturbation of a TFs activity serves as a benchmark for our systems-level understanding of transcriptional regulatory networks. In previous work, machine learning models have been trained to predict static gene expression levels in a given sample by using data from the same or similar conditions, including data on TF binding locations, histone marks, or DNA sequence. We report on a different challenge - training machine learning models that can predict which genes will respond to perturbation of a TF without using any data from the perturbed cells.

ResultsExisting TF location data (ChIP-Seq) from human K562 cells have no detectable utility for predicting which genes will respond to perturbation of the TF, but data obtained by newer methods in yeast cells are useful. TF-independent features of genes, including their pre-perturbation expression level and expression variation, are very useful for predicting responses to TF perturbations. This shows that some genes are poised to respond to TF perturbations and others are resistant, shedding significant light on why it has been so difficult to predict responses from binding locations. Certain histone marks (HMs), including H3K4me1 and H3K4me3, have some predictive power, especially when downstream of the transcription start site. In human, the predictive power of HMs is much less than that of gene expression level and variation. Code is available at https://github.com/yiming-kang/TFPertRespExplainer.

ConclusionsSequence-based or epigenetic properties of genes strongly influence their tendency to respond to direct TF perturbations, partially explaining the oft-noted difficulty of predicting responsiveness from TF binding location data. These molecular features are largely reflected in and summarized by the genes expression level and expression variation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brent, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.15.422864</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predicting which genes will respond to perturbations of a TF: TF-independent properties of genes are major determinants of their responsiveness]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.17.423095v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A MYT1L Syndrome mouse model recapitulates patient phenotypes and reveals altered brain development due to disrupted neuronal maturation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.17.423095v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human genetics have defined a new autism-associated syndrome caused by loss-of-function mutations in MYT1L, a transcription factor known for enabling fibroblast-to-neuron conversions. However, how MYT1L mutation causes autism, ADHD, intellectual disability, obesity, and brain anomalies is unknown. Here, we develop a mouse model of this syndrome. Physically, Myt1l haploinsufficiency causes obesity, white-matter thinning, and microcephaly in the mice, mimicking clinical phenotypes. During brain development we discovered disrupted gene expression, mediated in part by loss of Myt1l gene target activation, and identified precocious neuronal differentiation as the mechanism for microcephaly. In contrast, in adults we discovered that mutation results in failure of transcriptional and chromatin maturation, echoed in disruptions in baseline physiological properties of neurons. This results in behavioral anomalies including hyperactivity, muscle weakness and fatigue, and social alterations with more severe phenotypes in males. Overall, our findings provide insight into the mechanistic underpinnings of this disorder and enable future preclinical studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lambo, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dearborn, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCullough, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swift, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tabachnick, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noguchi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garbow, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabel, H. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hengen, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maloney, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.17.423095</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A MYT1L Syndrome mouse model recapitulates patient phenotypes and reveals altered brain development due to disrupted neuronal maturation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.20.423533v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 protein ORF3a is pathogenic in Drosophila and causes phenotypes associated with COVID-19 post-viral syndrome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.20.423533v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Graphic abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/423533v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (31K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1be5b38org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@56e061org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1a52040org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1e86751_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG SummaryInfections and neurodegenerative diseases induce neuroinflammation, but affected individuals often show a number of non-neural symptoms including muscle pain and muscle fatigue. The molecular pathways by which neuroinflammation causes pathologies outside the central nervous system (CNS) are poorly understood, so we developed three models to investigate the impact of neuroinflammation on muscle performance. We found that bacterial infection, COVID-like viral infection, and expression of a neurotoxic protein associated with Alzheimer' s disease promoted the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brain. Excessive ROS induces the expression of the cytokine Unpaired 3 (Upd3) in insects, or its orthologue IL-6 in mammals, and CNS-derived Upd3/IL-6 activates the JAK/Stat pathway in skeletal muscle. In response to JAK/Stat signaling, mitochondrial function is impaired and muscle performance is reduced. Our work uncovers a brain-muscle signaling axis in which infections and chronic diseases induce cytokine-dependent changes in muscle performance, suggesting IL-6 could be a therapeutic target to treat muscle weakness caused by neuroinflammation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.20.423533</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2 protein ORF3a is pathogenic in Drosophila and causes phenotypes associated with COVID-19 post-viral syndrome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.22.424032v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The evolutionary assembly of forest communities along environmental gradients: recent diversification or sorting of pre-adapted clades? 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.22.424032v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LIBiogeographic events occurring in the deep past can contribute to the structure of modern ecological communities. However, little is known about how the emergence of environmental gradients shape the evolution of species that underlie community assembly. In this study, we address how the creation of novel environments lead to community assembly via two non-mutually exclusive processes: 1) the immigration and ecological sorting of pre-adapted clades (ISPC), and 2) recent adaptive diversification (RAD). We study these processes in the context of the elevational gradient created by the uplift of the Central Andes.
C_LIO_LIWe develop a novel approach and method based on the decomposition of species turnover into within- and among-clade components, where clades correspond to lineages that originated before mountain uplift. Effects of ISPC and RAD can be inferred from how components of turnover change with elevation. We test our approach using data from over 500 Andean forest plots.
C_LIO_LIWe found that species turnover between communities at different elevations is dominated by the replacement of clades that originated before the uplift of the Central Andes.
C_LIO_LIOur results suggest that immigration and sorting of clades pre-adapted to montane habitats is the primary mechanism shaping communities across elevations.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Linan, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myers, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zanne, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arellano, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cayola, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farfan-Rios, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuentes, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Cabrera, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzales-Caro, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loza, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macia, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malhi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nieto-Ariza, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salinas, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silman, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tello, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.22.424032</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The evolutionary assembly of forest communities along environmental gradients: recent diversification or sorting of pre-adapted clades?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.23.424020v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-Modal Biomarkers of Cerebral Edema in Low Resolution MRI 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.23.424020v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A central challenge of medical imaging studies is to extract biomarkers that characterize disease pathology or outcomes. Modern automated approaches have found tremendous success in high-resolution, high-quality magnetic resonance images (MRI). These methods, however, may not translate to low resolution images acquired on MRI scanners with lower magnetic field strength. In low-resource settings where low-field scanners are more common and there is a shortage of radiologists to manually interpret MRI scans, it is critical to develop automated methods that can augment or replace manual interpretation, while accommodating reduced image quality. We present a fully automated framework for translating radiological diagnostic criteria into image-based biomarkers, inspired by a project in which children with cerebral malaria were imaged using low-field 0.35 Tesla MRI. We integrate multi-atlas label fusion, which leverages high-resolution images from another sample as prior spatial information, with parametric Gaussian hidden Markov models based on image intensities, to create a robust method for determining ventricular cerebrospinal fluid volume. We also propose normalized image intensity and texture measurements to determine the loss of gray-to-white matter tissue differentiation and sulcal effacement. These integrated biomarkers have excellent classification performance for determining severe brain swelling due to cerebral malaria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goyal, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dworkin, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kampondeni, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vidal, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biondo-Savin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juvvadi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raghavan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicholas, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chetcuti, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satterthwaite, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yushkevich, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davatzikos, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erus, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Postels, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Small, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shinohara, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.23.424020</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-Modal Biomarkers of Cerebral Edema in Low Resolution MRI]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.23.424230v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Signaling interaction link prediction using deep graph neural networks integrating protein-protein interactions and omics data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.23.424230v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Uncovering signaling links or cascades among proteins that potentially regulate tumor development and drug response is one of the most critical and challenging tasks in cancer molecular biology. Inhibition of the targets on the core signaling cascades can be effective as novel cancer treatment regimens. However, signaling cascades inference remains an open problem, and there is a lack of effective computational models. The widely used gene co-expression network (no-direct signaling cascades) and shortest-path based protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis (with too many interactions, and did not consider the sparsity of signaling cascades) were not specifically designed to predict the direct and sparse signaling cascades. To resolve the challenges, we proposed a novel deep learning model, deepSignalingLinkNet, to predict signaling cascades by integrating transcriptomics data and copy number data of a large set of cancer samples with the protein-protein interactions (PPIs) via a novel deep graph neural network model. Different from the existing models, the proposed deep learning model was trained using the curated KEGG signaling pathways to identify the informative omics and PPI topology features in the data-driven manner to predict the potential signaling cascades. The validation results indicated the feasibility of signaling cascade prediction using the proposed deep learning models. Moreover, the trained model can potentially predict the signaling cascades among the new proteins by transferring the learned patterns on the curated signaling pathways. The code was available at: https://github.com/fuhaililab/deepSignalingPathwayPrediction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Feng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payne, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.23.424230</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Signaling interaction link prediction using deep graph neural networks integrating protein-protein interactions and omics data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.01.425046v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deciphering how naturally occurring sequence features impact the phase behaviors of disordered prion-like domains 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.01.425046v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phase separation of intrinsically disordered prion-like low-complexity domains (PLCDs) derived from RNA-binding proteins enable the formation of biomolecular condensates in cells. PLCDs have distinct amino acid compositions, and here we decipher the physicochemical impact of conserved compositional biases on the driving forces for phase separation. We find that tyrosine residues make for stronger drivers of phase separation than phenylalanine. Depending on their sequence contexts, arginine residues enhance or weaken phase separation, whereas lysine residues weaken cohesive interactions within PLCDs. Increased net charge per residue (NCPR) weakens the driving forces for phase separation of PLCDs and this effect can be modeled quantitatively. The effects of NCPR also weaken known correlations between the dimensions of single chains in dilute solution and the driving forces for phase separation. We build on experimental data to develop a coarse-grained model for accurate simulations of phase separation that yield novel insights regarding PLCD phase behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bremer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farag, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borcherds, W. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peran, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mittag, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.01.425046</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deciphering how naturally occurring sequence features impact the phase behaviors of disordered prion-like domains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.04.425190v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stroke-related alterations in inter-areal communication revealed via Granger causality analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.04.425190v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Beyond causing local ischemia and cell damage at the site of injury, stroke strongly affects long-range anatomical connections, perturbing the functional organization of brain networks. Several studies reported functional connectivity abnormalities parallelling both behavioral deficits and functional recovery across different cognitive domains. FC alterations suggest that long-range communication in the brain is altered after stroke. However, standard FC analyses cannot reveal the directionality and time scale of inter-areal information transfer. We used resting-state fMRI and covariance-based Granger causality analysis to quantify network-level information transfer and its alteration in stroke. Two main large-scale anomalies were observed in stroke patients. First, inter-hemispheric information transfer was significantly decreased with respect to healthy controls. Second, stroke caused inter-hemispheric asymmetries, as information transfer within the affected hemisphere and from the affected to the intact hemisphere was significantly reduced. Both anomalies were more prominent in resting-state networks related to attention and language, and they correlated with impaired performance in several behavioral domains. Overall, our findings support the hypothesis that stroke provokes asymmetries between the affected and spared hemisphere, with different functional consequences depending on which hemisphere is lesioned.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Allegra, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Favaretto, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metcalf, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbetta, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brovelli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.04.425190</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stroke-related alterations in inter-areal communication revealed via Granger causality analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.05.425498v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Kinetic and structural mechanism for DNA unwinding by a non-hexameric helicase 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.05.425498v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
UvrD, a model for non-hexameric Superfamily 1 helicases, utilizes ATP hydrolysis to translocate stepwise along single-stranded DNA and unwind the duplex. To dissect the mechanism underlying DNA unwinding, we use optical tweezers to measure directly the stepping behavior of UvrD as it processes a DNA hairpin and show that UvrD exhibits a variable step size averaging ~3 base pairs. Analyzing stepping kinetics across ATP reveals the type and number of catalytic events that occur with different step sizes. These single-molecule data reveal a mechanism in which UvrD moves one base pair at a time but sequesters the nascent single strands, releasing them non-uniformly after a variable number of catalytic cycles. Molecular dynamics simulations point to a structural basis for this behavior, identifying the protein-DNA interactions responsible for strand sequestration. Based on structural and sequence alignment data, we propose that this stepping mechanism may be conserved among other non-hexameric helicases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Carney, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitley, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lohman, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luthey-Schulten, Z. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chemla, Y. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.05.425498</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Kinetic and structural mechanism for DNA unwinding by a non-hexameric helicase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.13.426413v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial drivers and pre-cancer populations collaborate with the microenvironment in untreated and chemo-resistant pancreatic cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.13.426413v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal disease with limited treatment options and poor survival. We studied 73 samples from 21 patients (7 treatment-naive and 14 treated with neoadjuvant regimens), analyzing distinct spatial units and performing bulk proteogenomics, single cell sequencing, and cellular imaging. Spatial drivers, including mutant KRAS, SMAD4, and GNAQ, were associated with differential phosphosignaling and metabolic responses compared to wild type. Single cell subtyping discovered 12 of 21 tumors with mixed basal and classical features. Trefoil factor family members were upregulated in classical populations, while the basal populations showed enhanced expression of mesenchymal genes, including VIM and IGTB1. Acinar-ductal metaplasia (ADM) populations, present in 95% of patients, with 46% reduction of driver mutation fractions compared to tumor populations, exhibited suppressive and oncogenic features linked to morphologic states. We identified coordinated expression of TIGIT in exhausted and regulatory T cells and Nectin receptor expression in tumor cells. Higher expression of angiogenic and stress response genes in dendritic cells compared to tumor cells suggests they have a pro-tumorigenic role in remodeling the microenvironment. Treated samples contain a three-fold enrichment of inflammatory CAFs when compared to untreated samples, while other CAF subtypes remain similar. A subset of tumor and/or ADM-specific biomarkers showed differential expression between treatment groups, and several known drug targets displayed potential cross-cell type reactivities. This resolution that spatially defined single cell omics provides reveals the diversity of tumor and microenvironment populations in PDAC. Such understanding may lead to more optimal treatment regimens for patients with this devastating disease.

HIGHLIGHTSO_LIAcinar-ductal metaplasia (ADM) cells represent a genetic and morphologic transition state between acinar and tumor cells.
C_LIO_LIInflammatory cancer associated fibroblasts (iCAFs) are a major component of the PDAC TME and are significantly higher in treated samples
C_LIO_LIReceptor-ligand analysis reveals tumor cell-TME interactions through NECTIN4-TIGIT
C_LIO_LITumor and ADM cell proteogenomics differ between treated and untreated samples, with unique and shared potential drug targets
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cui Zhou, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jayasinghe, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herndon, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Storrs, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mo, C.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fulton, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wyczalkowski, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fronick, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fulton, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thammavong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sato, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMichael, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davies, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Appelbaum, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robbins, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chasnoff, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reeb, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wendl, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serasanambati, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lal, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varghese, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mashl, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ponce, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Terekhanova, N. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naser Al Deen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schnaubelt, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puram, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, S.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shoghi, K. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ju, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawkins, W. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ch</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.13.426413</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial drivers and pre-cancer populations collaborate with the microenvironment in untreated and chemo-resistant pancreatic cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.15.426828v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spontaneous neural synchrony links intrinsic spinal sensory and motor networks during unconsciousness 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.15.426828v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Non-random functional connectivity during unconsciousness is a defining feature of supraspinal networks. However, its generalizability to intrinsic spinal networks remains incompletely understood. Previously, Barry et al. (2014) used fMRI to reveal bilateral resting state functional connectivity within sensory-dominant and, separately, motor-dominant regions of the spinal cord. Here, we record spike trains from large populations of spinal interneurons in vivo in rats and demonstrate that spontaneous functional connectivity also links sensory- and motor-dominant regions during unconsciousness. The spatiotemporal patterns of connectivity could not be explained by latent afferent activity or by populations of interconnected neurons spiking randomly. We also document connection latencies compatible with mono- and di-synaptic interactions and putative excitatory and inhibitory connections. The observed activity is consistent with the hypothesis that salient, experience-dependent patterns of neural transmission introduced during behavior or by injury/disease are reactivated during unconsciousness. Such a spinal replay mechanism could shape circuit-level connectivity and ultimately behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McPherson, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bandres, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.15.426828</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spontaneous neural synchrony links intrinsic spinal sensory and motor networks during unconsciousness]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.19.427324v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neutralizing and protective human monoclonal antibodies recognizing the N-terminaldomain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.19.427324v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 recognize the spike (S) protein receptor-binding domain and block virus interactions with the cellular receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. We describe a panel of human mAbs binding to diverse epitopes on the N-terminal domain (NTD) of S protein from SARS-CoV-2 convalescent donors and found a minority of these possessed neutralizing activity. Two mAbs (COV2-2676 and COV2-2489) inhibited infection of authentic SARS-CoV-2 and recombinant VSV/SARS-CoV-2 viruses. We mapped their binding epitopes by alanine-scanning mutagenesis and selection of functional SARS-CoV-2 S neutralization escape variants. Mechanistic studies showed that these antibodies neutralize in part by inhibiting a post-attachment step in the infection cycle. COV2-2676 and COV2-2489 offered protection either as prophylaxis or therapy, and Fc effector functions were required for optimal protection. Thus, natural infection induces a subset of potent NTD-specific mAbs that leverage neutralizing and Fc-mediated activities to protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection using multiple functional attributes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Suryadevara, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shrihari, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilchuk, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>VanBlargan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Binshtein, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zost, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nargi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sutton, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winkler, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fouch, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doranz, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carnahan, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thackray, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamond, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crowe, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.19.427324</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neutralizing and protective human monoclonal antibodies recognizing the N-terminaldomain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.24.428007v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effect of mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on protein stability, cleavage, and cell-cell fusion function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.24.428007v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S) is the sole viral protein responsible for both viral binding to a host cell and the membrane fusion event needed for cell entry. In addition to facilitating fusion needed for viral entry, S can also drive cell-cell fusion, a pathogenic effect observed in the lungs of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. While several studies have investigated S requirements involved in viral particle entry, examination of S stability and factors involved in S cell-cell fusion remain limited. We demonstrate that S must be processed at the S1/S2 border in order to mediate cell-cell fusion, and that mutations at potential cleavage sites within the S2 subunit alter S processing at the S1/S2 border, thus preventing cell-cell fusion. We also identify residues within the internal fusion peptide and the cytoplasmic tail that modulate S cell-cell fusion. Additionally, we examine S stability and protein cleavage kinetics in a variety of mammalian cell lines, including a bat cell line related to the likely reservoir species for SARS-CoV-2, and provide evidence that proteolytic processing alters the stability of the S trimer. This work therefore offers insight into S stability, proteolytic processing, and factors that mediate S cell-cell fusion, all of which help give a more comprehensive understanding of this highly sought-after therapeutic target.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barrett, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neal, H. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edmonds, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moncman, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Branttie, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boggs, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leung, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dutch, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.24.428007</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effect of mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on protein stability, cleavage, and cell-cell fusion function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.27.428390v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
P. falciparum K13 mutations present varying degrees of artemisinin resistance and reduced fitness in African parasites 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.27.428390v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The emergence of artemisinin (ART) resistance in Plasmodium falciparum parasites, driven by K13 mutations, has led to widespread antimalarial treatment failure in Southeast Asia. In Africa, our genotyping of 3,299 isolates confirms the emergence of the K13 R561H variant in Rwanda and reveals the continuing dominance of wild-type K13 across 11 countries. We show that this mutation, along with M579I and C580Y, confers varying degrees of in vitro ART resistance in African parasites. C580Y and M579I cause substantial fitness costs, which may counter-select against their dissemination in high-transmission settings. We also define the impact of multiple K13 mutations on ART resistance and fitness in multiple Southeast Asian strains. ART susceptibility is unaltered upon editing point mutations in ferrodoxin or mdr2, earlier resistance markers. These data point to the lack of an evident biological barrier to mutant K13 mediating ART resistance in Africa, while identifying their detrimental impact on parasite growth.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stokes, B. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubiano, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dhingra, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mok, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Straimer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gnadig, N. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bath, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deni, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ward, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Striepen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ross, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Legrand, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ariey, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cunningham, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Souleymane, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gansane, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nzoumbou-Boko, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ndayikunda, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kabanywanyi, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uwimana, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolley, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ndounga, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warsame, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nosten, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenthal, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menard, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fidock, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.27.428390</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[P. falciparum K13 mutations present varying degrees of artemisinin resistance and reduced fitness in African parasites]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.27.428529v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic and structural basis for recognition of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein by a two-antibody cocktail 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.27.428529v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has led to an urgent need to understand the molecular basis for immune recognition of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein antigenic sites. To define the genetic and structural basis for SARS-CoV-2 neutralization, we determined the structures of two human monoclonal antibodies COV2-2196 and COV2-21301, which form the basis of the investigational antibody cocktail AZD7442, in complex with the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2. COV2-2196 forms an "aromatic cage" at the heavy/light chain interface using germline-encoded residues in complementarity determining regions (CDRs) 2 and 3 of the heavy chain and CDRs 1 and 3 of the light chain. These structural features explain why highly similar antibodies (public clonotypes) have been isolated from multiple individuals1-4. The structure of COV2-2130 reveals that an unusually long LCDR1 and HCDR3 make interactions with the opposite face of the RBD from that of COV2-2196. Using deep mutational scanning and neutralization escape selection experiments, we comprehensively mapped the critical residues of both antibodies and identified positions of concern for possible viral escape. Nonetheless, both COV2-2196 and COV2-2130 showed strong neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 strain with recent variations of concern including E484K, N501Y, and D614G substitutions. These studies reveal germline-encoded antibody features enabling recognition of the RBD and demonstrate the activity of a cocktail like AZD7442 in preventing escape from emerging variant viruses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zost, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greaney, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Starr, T. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dingens, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Case, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sutton, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilchuk, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armstrong, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gainza, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nargi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Binshtein, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Logue, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weston, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGrath, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frieman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brady, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuffy, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bright, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loo, Y.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McvTamney, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esser, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carnahan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamond, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bloom, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crowe, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.27.428529</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic and structural basis for recognition of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein by a two-antibody cocktail]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.29.428712v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
3D Visualization of the Podocyte Actin Network using Integrated Membrane Extraction, Electron Microscopy, and Deep Learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.29.428712v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although actin stress fibers are abundant in cultured cells, little is known about these structures in vivo. In podocytes of the kidney glomerulus, much evidence suggests that mechanobiological mechanisms underlie injury, with changes to actin stress fiber structures potentially responsible for pathological changes to cell morphology. However, this hypothesis is difficult to rigorously test in vivo due to challenges with visualization. We therefore developed the first visualization technique capable of resolving the three-dimensional (3D) podocyte actin network with unprecedented detail in healthy and injured podocytes, and applied this technique to reveal the changes in the actin network that occur upon podocyte injury. Using isolated glomeruli from healthy mice as well as from three different mouse injury models (Cd2ap-/-, Lamb2-/- and the Col4a3-/- model of Alport syndrome), we applied our novel imaging technique that integrates membrane-extraction, focused ion bean scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM), and deep learning image segmentation. In healthy glomeruli, we observed actin cables that link the interdigitating podocyte foot processes to newly described actin structures located at the periphery of the cell body. The actin cables within the foot processes formed a continuous, mesh-like, electron dense sheet that incorporated the slit diaphragms required for kidney filtration. After injury, the actin network was markedly different, having lost its organization and presenting instead as a disorganized assemblage of actin condensates juxtaposed to the glomerular basement membrane. The new visualization method enabled us, for the first time, to observe the detailed 3D organization of actin networks in both healthy and injured podocytes. Shared features of actin condensations across all three injury models further suggested common mechanobiological pathways that govern changes to podocyte morphology after injury.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roth, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loitman, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammad, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genin, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miner, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suleiman, H. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.29.428712</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[3D Visualization of the Podocyte Actin Network using Integrated Membrane Extraction, Electron Microscopy, and Deep Learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.03.429623v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Glutamatergic dysfunction precedes neuron loss in cerebral organoids with MAPT mutation. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.03.429623v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) due to MAPT mutation causes pathological accumulation of tau and glutamatergic cortical neuronal death by unknown mechanisms. We used human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cerebral organoids expressing tau-V337M and isogenic corrected controls to discover early alterations due to the mutation that precede neurodegeneration. At 2 months, mutant organoids show upregulated expression of MAPT, and glutamatergic signaling pathways and regulators including the RNA-binding protein ELAVL4. Over the following 4 months, mutant organoids accumulate splicing changes, disruption of autophagy function and build-up of tau and P-tau S396. By 6 months, tau-V337M organoids show specific loss of glutamatergic neurons of layers affected in patients. Mutant neurons are susceptible to glutamate toxicity which was rescued pharmacologically by treatment with the PIKFYVE kinase inhibitor apilimod. Our results demonstrate a sequence of events that precede cell death, revealing molecular pathways associated with glutamate signaling as potential targets for therapeutic intervention in FTD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bowles, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitney, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertucci, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garza, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boles, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strang, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahali, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marsh, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pugh, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berlind, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goderie, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chowdhury, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lotz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lane, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Onanuga, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karch, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ichida, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crary, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haggarty, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goate, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Temple, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.03.429623</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Glutamatergic dysfunction precedes neuron loss in cerebral organoids with MAPT mutation.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.04.429735v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolution of butterfly-plant networks over time, as revealed by Bayesian inference of host repertoire 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.04.429735v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The study of herbivorous insects underpins much of the theory that concerns the evolution of species interactions. In particular, Pieridae butterflies and their host plants have served as a model system for studying evolutionary arms-races. To learn more about the coevolution of these two clades, we reconstructed ancestral ecological networks using stochastic mappings that were generated by a phylogenetic model of host-repertoire evolution. We then measured if, when, and how two ecologically important structural features of the ancestral networks (modularity and nestedness) evolved over time. Our study shows that as pierids gained new hosts and formed new modules, a subset of them retained or recolonized the ancestral host(s), preserving connectivity to the original modules. Together, host-range expansions and recolonizations promoted a phase transition in network structure. Our results demonstrate the power of combining network analysis with Bayesian inference of host-repertoire evolution to understand changes in complex species interactions over time.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Braga, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janz, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nylin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ronquist, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landis, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.04.429735</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolution of butterfly-plant networks over time, as revealed by Bayesian inference of host repertoire]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.04.429838v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Uncovering Differences in Hydration Free Energies for Model Compound Mimics of Charged Sidechains of Amino Acids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.04.429838v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Free energies of hydration are of fundamental interest for modeling and understanding conformational and phase equilibria of macromolecular solutes in aqueous phases. Of particular relevance to systems such as intrinsically disordered proteins are the free energies of hydration and hydration structures of model compounds that mimic charged sidechains of Arg, Lys, Asp, and Glu. Here, we deploy a Thermodynamic Cycle based Proton Dissociation (TCPD) approach in conjunction with data from direct measurements to obtain estimates for the free energies of hydration for model compounds that mimic the sidechains of Arg+, Lys+, Asp-, and Glu-. Irrespective of the choice made for the hydration free energy of the proton, the TCPD approach reveals clear trends regarding the free energies of hydration for Arg+, Lys+, Asp-, and Glu-. These trends include asymmetries between the hydration free energies of acidic (Asp- and Glu-) and basic (Arg+ and Lys+) residues. Further, the TCPD analysis, which relies on a combination of experimental data, shows that the free energy of hydration of Arg+ is less favorable than that of Lys+. We sought a physical explanation for the TCPD derived trends free energies of hydration. To this end, we performed temperature dependent calculations of free energies of hydration and analyzed hydration structures from simulations that use the polarizable AMOEBA (Atomic Multipole Optimized Energetics for Biomolecular Applications) forcefield and water model. At 298 K, the AMOEBA model generates estimates of free energies of hydration that are consistent with TCPD values with a free energy of hydration for the proton of {approx} -259 kcal / mol. Analysis of temperature dependent simulations leads to a structural explanation for the observed differences in free energies of hydration of ionizable residues and reveals that the heat capacity of hydration is positive for Arg+ and Lys+ and negative for Asp- and Glu-.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fossat, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.04.429838</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Uncovering Differences in Hydration Free Energies for Model Compound Mimics of Charged Sidechains of Amino Acids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.08.430180v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modeling features of addiction with an oral oxycodone self-administration paradigm 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.08.430180v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Prescription opioid use is an initiating factor driving the current opioid epidemic. There are several challenges with modeling prescription opioid addiction. First, prescription opioids such as oxycodone are orally self-administered and have different pharmacokinetics and dynamics than morphine or fentanyl. This oral route of administration determines the pharmacokinetic profile, which is critical for establishing reliable drug-reinforcement associations in animals. Moreover, the pattern of intake and environment in which addictive drugs are self-administered intake are critical determinants of the levels of drug intake, sensitization and relapse behavior. This is an important consideration with prescription opioid use, which is characterized by continuous drug access in familiar environments. Thus, to model features of prescription opioid use and the transition to abuse, we present an oral oxycodone self-administration paradigm that is administered in the home cage. Mice voluntarily self-administer oxycodone in this paradigm without any taste modification such as sweeteners, and exhibit preference for oxycodone, escalation of intake, physical signs of dependence, reinstatement of seeking after withdrawal, and a subset of animals demonstrate drug taking that is resistant to aversive consequences. This model could be useful for studying the neurobiological substrates specifically relevant to prescription opioid abuse.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Murphy, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pareta, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Earnest, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tooley, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vachez, Y. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gereau, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Copits, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kravitz, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creed, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.08.430180</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modeling features of addiction with an oral oxycodone self-administration paradigm]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.10.430645v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gene dosage effects of polyA track engineered hypomorphs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.10.430645v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The manipulation of gene activity through the creation of hypomorphic mutants has been a long-standing tool in examining gene function. Our previous studies have indicated that hypomorphic mutants could be created by inserting cis-regulatory sequences composed of consecutive adenosine nucleotides called polyA tracks. Here we use polyA tracks to create hypomorphic mutants and functional characterization of membrane, secretory and endogenous proteins. Insertion of polyA tracks into the sequences of interleukin-2 and membrane protein CD20 results in a programmable reduction of mRNA stability and attenuation of protein expression regardless of the presence of signaling sequence. Likewise, CRISPR/Cas9 targeted insertion of polyA tracks in the coding sequence of endogenous human genes AUF1 and TP53 results in a programmable reduction of targeted protein and mRNA levels. Functional analyses of AUF1 engineered hypomorphs indicate a direct correlation between AUF1 gene levels and the stability of AUF1-regulated mRNAs. Hypomorphs of TP53 affect the expression of the target genes differentially depending upon the severity of the hypomorphic mutation. Finally, decreases in TP53 protein affect the same cellular pathways in polyA track engineered cells as in cancer cells, indicating these variants biological relevance. These results highlight this technologys power to create predictable, stable hypomorphs in recombinant or endogenous genes in combination with CRISPR/Cas9 engineering tools.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Powell, G. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pavlovic-Djuranovic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Djuranovic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.10.430645</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gene dosage effects of polyA track engineered hypomorphs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.10.430657v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An endogenous opioid circuit determines state-dependent appetitive behavior 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.10.430657v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mu-opioid peptide receptor (MOPR) stimulation alters respiration, analgesia, and reward behavior, and can induce addiction and drug overdose. Despite its evident importance, the endogenous mechanisms for MOPR regulation of appetitive behavior have remained unknown. Here we report that endogenous MOPR regulation of appetitive behavior in mice acts through a specific dorsal raphe to nucleus accumbens projection. MOPR-mediated inhibition of raphe terminals is necessary and sufficient to determine appetitive behavioral state while select enkephalin-containing NAc ensembles are engaged prior to reward consumption, suggesting that local enkephalin release is the source of endogenous MOPR ligand. Selective modulation of NAc enkephalin neurons and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated disruption of enkephalin substantiate this finding. These results isolate a fundamental endogenous opioid circuit for state-dependent appetitive behavior and suggest alternative mechanisms for opiate modulation of reward.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Castro, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oswell, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pedersen, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piantadosi, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rossi, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunker, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guglin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moron, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zweifel, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stuber, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruchas, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.10.430657</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An endogenous opioid circuit determines state-dependent appetitive behavior]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.14.431184v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatially Interacting Phosphorylation Sites and Mutations in Cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.14.431184v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Advances in mass-spectrometry have generated increasingly large-scale proteomics datasets containing tens of thousands of phosphorylation sites (phosphosites) that require prioritization. We develop a bioinformatics tool called HotPho and systematically discover 3D co-clustering of phosphosites and cancer mutations on protein structures. HotPho identifies 474 such hybrid clusters containing 1,255 co-clustering phosphosites, including RET p.S904/Y928, the conserved HRAS/KRAS p.Y96, and IDH1 p.Y139/IDH2 p.Y179 that are adjacent to recurrent mutations on protein structures not found by linear proximity approaches. Hybrid clusters, enriched in histone and kinase domains, frequently include expression-associated mutations experimentally shown as activating and conferring genetic dependency. Approximately 300 co-clustering phosphosites are verified in patient samples of 5 cancer types or previously implicated in cancer, including CTNNB1 p.S29/Y30, EGFR p.S720, MAPK1 p.S142, and PTPN12 p.S275. In summary, systematic 3D clustering analysis highlights nearly 3,000 likely functional mutations and over 1,000 cancer phosphosites for downstream investigation and evaluation of potential clinical relevance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, K.-l.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.-b.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weerasinghe, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elmas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wendl, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wyczalkowski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baral, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sengupta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruggles, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payne, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raphael, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fenyo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mills, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.14.431184</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatially Interacting Phosphorylation Sites and Mutations in Cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.18.431884v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cellular, Circuit and Transcriptional Framework for Modulation of Itch in the Central Amygdala 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.18.431884v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Itch is an unpleasant sensation that elicits robust scratching and active avoidance. However, the identity of the cells and neural circuits that organize this information remains elusive. Here we show the necessity and sufficiency of itch-activated neurons in the central amygdala (CeA) for both itch sensation and active avoidance. Further, we show that itch-activated CeA neurons play important roles in itch-related comorbidities, including anxiety-like behaviors, but not in some aversive and appetitive behaviors previously ascribed to CeA neurons. RNA-sequencing of itch-activated CeA neurons identified several differentially expressed genes as well as potential key signaling pathways in regulating pruritis. Finally, viral tracing experiments demonstrate that these neurons send a critical projection to the periaqueductal gray to mediate modulation of itch. These findings reveal a cellular and circuit signature of CeA neurons orchestrating behavioral and affective responses to pruritus in mice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Samineni, V. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grajales-Reyes, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grajales-Reyes, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tycksen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Copits, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pedersen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ankudey, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sackey, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sewell, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruchas, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gereau, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.18.431884</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cellular, Circuit and Transcriptional Framework for Modulation of Itch in the Central Amygdala]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.19.432008v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A photoswitchable GPCR-based opsin for presynaptic silencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.19.432008v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Optical manipulations of genetically defined cell types have generated significant insights into the dynamics of neural circuits. While optogenetic activation has been relatively straightforward, rapid and reversible synaptic inhibition has been far more difficult to achieve. Instead of relying on unpredictable ion manipulations or slow photoactivatable toxins at axon terminals, we took a different approach to leverage the natural ability of inhibitory presynaptic GPCRs to silence synaptic transmission. Here we characterize parapinopsin (PPO), a photoswitchable non-visual opsin from lamprey pineal gland that couples to Gi/o-signaling cascades. PPO can be rapidly activated by pulsed blue light, switched off with amber light, and is effective for repeated or prolonged inhibition. We developed viral vectors for cell-specific expression of PPO, which traffics very effectively in numerous neuron types. At presynaptic terminals, PPO can silence glutamate release and suppress dopamine-dependent reward and cocaine place preference behaviors in vivo. PPO immediately fills a significant gap in the neuroscience toolkit for rapid and reversible synaptic inhibition, and has broader utility for achieving spatiotemporal control of inhibitory GPCR signaling cascades in other biological and pharmacological applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Copits, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Neill, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gowrishankar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoo, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meshik, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parker, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spangler, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasquez, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elerding, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stander, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalyanaraman, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vogt, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samineni, V. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gautam, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sunahara, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gereau, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruchas, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.19.432008</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A photoswitchable GPCR-based opsin for presynaptic silencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.19.432025v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Vesicular stomatitis virus chimeras expressing the Oropouche virus glycoproteins elicit protective immune responses in mice. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.19.432025v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Oropouche virus (OROV) infection of humans is associated with a debilitating febrile illness that can progress to meningitis or encephalitis. First isolated from a forest worker in Trinidad and Tobago in 1955, the arbovirus OROV has since been detected throughout the Amazon basin with an estimated 500,000 human infections. Like other members of the family Peribunyaviridae, the viral genome exists as 3 single-stranded negative-sense RNA segments. The medium sized segment encodes a viral glycoprotein complex (GPC) that is proteolytically processed into two viral envelope proteins Gn and Gc responsible for attachment and membrane fusion. There are no therapeutics or vaccines to combat OROV infection, and we have little understanding of protective immunity to infection. Here we generated a replication competent chimeric vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), in which the endogenous glycoprotein was replaced by the GPC of OROV. Serum from mice immunized with VSV-OROV specifically neutralized wild type OROV, and using peptide arrays we mapped multiple epitopes within an N-terminal variable region of Gc recognized by the immune sera. VSV-OROV lacking this variable region of Gc was also immunogenic in mice producing neutralizing sera that recognize additional regions of Gc. Challenge of both sets of immunized mice with wild type OROV shows that the VSV-OROV chimeras reduce wild type viral infection and suggest that antibodies that recognize the variable N-terminus of Gc afford less protection than those that target more conserved regions of Gc.

ImportanceOropouche virus (OROV), an orthobunyavirus found in Central and South America, is an emerging public health challenge that causes debilitating febrile illness. OROV is transmitted by arthropods, and increasing mobilization has the potential to significantly increase the spread of OROV globally. Despite this, no therapeutics or vaccines have been developed to combat infection. Using vesicular stomatitis (VSV) as a backbone, we developed a chimeric virus bearing the OROV glycoproteins (VSV-OROV) and tested its ability to elicit a neutralizing antibody response. Our results demonstrate that VSV-OROV produces a strong neutralizing antibody response that is at least partially targeted to the N-terminal region of Gc. Importantly, vaccination with VSV-OROV reduces viral loads in mice challenged with wildtype virus. This data provides the first evidence that targeting the OROV glycoproteins may be an effective vaccination strategy to combat OROV infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stubbs, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pontelli, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MISHRA, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Souza, J. d. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Viana, R. M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lipkin, W. I. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knipe, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arruda, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whelan, S. P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.19.432025</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Vesicular stomatitis virus chimeras expressing the Oropouche virus glycoproteins elicit protective immune responses in mice.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.21.431622v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Precise topology of adjacent domain-general and sensory-biased regions in the human brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.21.431622v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent functional MRI studies identified sensory-biased regions across much of the association cortices and cerebellum. However, their anatomical relationship to multiple-demand (MD) regions, characterized as domain-general due to their co-activation during multiple cognitive demands, remains unclear. For a better anatomical delineation, we used multimodal MRI techniques of the Human Connectome Project to scan subjects performing visual and auditory versions of a working memory (WM) task. The contrast between hard and easy WM showed strong domain generality, with essentially identical patterns of cortical, subcortical and cerebellar MD activity for visual and auditory materials. In contrast, modality preferences were shown by contrasting easy WM with baseline; most MD regions showed visual preference while immediately adjacent to cortical MD regions, there were interleaved regions of both visual and auditory preference. The results may exemplify a general motif whereby domain-specific regions feed information into and out of an adjacent, integrative MD core.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Assem, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shashidhara, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glasser, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duncan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.21.431622</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Precise topology of adjacent domain-general and sensory-biased regions in the human brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.23.432498v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deletion of Fibroblast growth factor 9 globally and in skeletal muscle results in enlarged tuberosities at sites of deltoid tendon attachments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.23.432498v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The growth of most bony tuberosities, like the deltoid tuberosity (DT), rely on the transmission of muscle forces at the tendon-bone attachment during skeletal growth. Tuberosities distribute muscle forces and provide mechanical leverage at attachment sites for joint stability and mobility. The genetic factors that regulate tuberosity growth remain largely unknown. In mouse embryos with global deletion of fibroblast growth factor 9 (Fgf9), the DT size is notably enlarged. In this study, we explored the tissue-specific regulation of DT size using both global and targeted deletion of Fgf9. We showed that cell hypertrophy and mineralization dynamics of the DT, as well as transcriptional signatures from skeletal muscle but not bone, were influenced by the global loss of Fgf9. Loss of Fgf9 during embryonic growth led to increased chondrocyte hypertrophy and reduced cell proliferation at the DT attachment site. This endured hypertrophy and limited proliferation may explain the abnormal mineralization patterns and locally dysregulated expression of markers of endochondral development in Fgf9null attachments. We then showed that targeted deletion of Fgf9 in skeletal muscle leads to postnatal enlargement of the DT. Taken together, we discovered that Fgf9 may play an influential role in muscle-bone crosstalk during embryonic and postnatal development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Leek, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soulas, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharya, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ganji, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Locke, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhavsar, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polson, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ornitz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Killian, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.23.432498</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deletion of Fibroblast growth factor 9 globally and in skeletal muscle results in enlarged tuberosities at sites of deltoid tendon attachments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.25.432939v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modulating the voltage sensor of a cardiac potassium channel shows antiarrhythmic effects 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.25.432939v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cardiac arrhythmias are the most common cause of sudden cardiac death worldwide. Lengthening the ventricular action potential duration (APD) either congenitally or via pathologic or pharmacologic means, predisposes to a life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia, Torsade de Pointes. IKs, a slowly activating K+ current plays a role in action potential repolarization. In this study, we screened a chemical library in silico by docking compounds to the voltage sensing domain (VSD) of the IKs channel. Here we show that C28 specifically shifted IKs VSD activation in ventricle to more negative voltages and reversed drug-induced lengthening of APD. At the same dosage, C28 did not cause significant changes of the normal APD in either ventricle or atrium. This study provides evidence in support of a computational prediction of IKs VSD activation as a potential therapeutic approach for all forms of APD prolongation. This outcome could expand the therapeutic efficacy of a myriad of currently approved drugs that may trigger arrhythmias.

Significance statementC28, identified by in silico screening, specifically facilitated voltage dependent activation of a cardiac potassium ion channel, IKs. C28 reversed drug-induced prolongation of action potentials, but minimally affected the normal action potential at the same dosage. This outcome supports a computational prediction of modulating IKs activation as a potential therapy for all forms of action potential prolongation, and could expand therapeutic efficacy of many currently approved drugs that may trigger arrhythmias.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grinter, S. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clausen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, P.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, I. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.25.432939</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modulating the voltage sensor of a cardiac potassium channel shows antiarrhythmic effects]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.01.433110v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ultrapotent miniproteins targeting the receptor-binding domain protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.01.433110v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite the introduction of public health measures and spike protein-based vaccines to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 infections and deaths continue to rise. Previously, we used a structural design approach to develop picomolar range miniproteins targeting the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain. Here, we investigated the capacity of modified versions of one lead binder, LCB1, to protect against SARS-CoV-2-mediated lung disease in human ACE2-expressing transgenic mice. Systemic administration of LCB1-Fc reduced viral burden, diminished immune cell infiltration and inflammation, and completely prevented lung disease and pathology. A single intranasal dose of LCB1v1.3 reduced SARS-CoV-2 infection in the lung even when given as many as five days before or two days after virus inoculation. Importantly, LCB1v1.3 protected in vivo against a historical strain (WA1/2020), an emerging B.1.1.7 strain, and a strain encoding key E484K and N501Y spike protein substitutions. These data support development of LCB1v1.3 for prevention or treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Case, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ying, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winkler, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goreshnik, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shrihari, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kafai, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bailey, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravichandran, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamond, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.01.433110</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ultrapotent miniproteins targeting the receptor-binding domain protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.01.433431v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systematic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection of an ACE2-negative human airway cell 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.01.433431v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Established in vitro models for SARS-CoV-2 infection are limited and include cell lines of non-human origin and those engineered to overexpress ACE2, the cognate host cell receptor. We identified human H522 lung adenocarcinoma cells as naturally permissive to SARS-CoV-2 infection despite complete absence of ACE2. Infection of H522 cells required the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, though in contrast to ACE2-dependent models, spike alone was not sufficient for H522 infection. Temporally resolved transcriptomic and proteomic profiling revealed alterations in cell cycle and the antiviral host cell response, including MDA5-dependent activation of type-I interferon signaling. Focused chemical screens point to important roles for clathrin-mediated endocytosis and endosomal cathepsins in SARS-CoV-2 infection of H522 cells. These findings imply the utilization of an alternative SARS-CoV-2 host cell receptor which may impact tropism of SARS-CoV-2 and consequently human disease pathogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Puray-Chavez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lapak, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schrank, T. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elliott, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhatt, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agajanian, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jasuja, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawson, D. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rothlauf, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tenneti, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eschbach, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shema Mugisha, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vuong, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bailey, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayes, D. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whelan, S. P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brody, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldfarb, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Major, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kutluay, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.01.433431</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systematic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection of an ACE2-negative human airway cell]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.03.433799v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide analysis of focal DNA hypermethylation in IDH-mutant AML samples 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.03.433799v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recurrent mutations in IDH1 or IDH2 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are associated with increased DNA methylation, but the genome-wide patterns of this hypermethylation phenotype have not been comprehensively studied in AML samples. We analyzed whole-genome bisulfite sequencing data from 15 primary AML samples with IDH1 or IDH2 mutations, which identified ~4,000 focal regions that were uniquely hypermethylated vs. normal CD34+ cells. These regions had modest, but significant, hypermethylation in AMLs with biallelic TET2 mutations, and 5-hydroxymethylation levels that were dependent on functional TET2, indicating that hypermethylation in these regions is caused by inhibition of TET-mediated demethylation. Focal hypermethylation in IDHmut AMLs occurred in regions with low methylation in normal CD34+ cells, implying that DNA methylation and demethylation are active at these loci. AML samples containing IDH and DNMT3AR882 mutations were significantly less hypermethylated, suggesting that methylation in these regions is mediated by DNMT3A. IDHmut-specific hypermethylation was highly enriched for enhancers that form direct interactions with genes involved in normal hematopoiesis and AML, including MYC and ETV6. These results suggest that focal hypermethylation in IDH-mutant AML occurs by altering the balance between DNA methylation and demethylation, and that disruption of these pathways at enhancers may contribute to AML pathogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wilson, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helton, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heath, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fulton, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payton, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welch, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walter, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westervelt, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiPersio, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Link, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ley, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spencer, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.03.433799</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide analysis of focal DNA hypermethylation in IDH-mutant AML samples]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.04.433795v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intraspecific variation in elemental accumulation and its association with salt tolerance in Paspalum vaginatum 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.04.433795v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most plant species, including most crops, perform poorly in salt-affected soils because high sodium levels are cytotoxic and can disrupt uptake of water and important nutrients. Halophytes are species that have evolved adaptations to overcome these challenges and may be a useful source of knowledge for salt tolerance mechanisms and genes that may be transferable to crop species. The salt content of saline habitats can vary dramatically by location, providing ample opportunity for different populations of halophytic species to adapt to their local salt concentrations; however, the extent of this variation, and the physiology and polymorphisms that drive it, remain poorly understood. Differential accumulation of inorganic elements between genotypes or populations may play an important role in local salinity adaptation. To test this, we investigated the relationships between population structure, tissue ion concentrations (i.e., ionomic profiles) and salt tolerance in 17 "fine-textured" genotypes of the halophytic turfgrass seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz). A high-throughput ionomics pipeline was used to quantify the shoot concentration of 18 inorganic elements across three salinity treatments. We found a significant relationship between population structure and ion accumulation, with strong correlations between principal components derived from genetic and ionomic data. Additionally, genotypes with higher salt tolerance accumulated more K and Fe and less Ca than less tolerant genotypes. Together these results indicate that differences in ion accumulation between P. vaginatum populations may reflect locally adapted salt stress responses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Goad, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kellogg, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baxter, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olsen, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.04.433795</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intraspecific variation in elemental accumulation and its association with salt tolerance in Paspalum vaginatum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.04.433973v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Killing of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria by a bifunctional cell wall-targeting T6SS effector 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.04.433973v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a powerful tool deployed by Gram-negative bacteria to antagonize neighboring organisms. Here, we report that Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 17978 (Ab17978) secretes D-lysine (D-Lys), increasing the extracellular pH and enhancing the peptidoglycanase activity of the T6SS effector Tse4. This synergistic effect of D-Lys on Tse4 activity enables Ab17978 to outcompete Gram-negative bacterial competitors, demonstrating that bacteria can modify their microenvironment to increase their fitness during bacterial warfare. Remarkably, this lethal combination also results in T6SS-mediated killing of Gram-positive bacteria. Further characterization revealed that Tse4 is a bifunctional enzyme consisting of both lytic transglycosylase and endopeptidase activities, thus representing a novel family of modularly organized T6SS PG degrading effectors with an unprecedented impact in antagonistic bacterial interactions.

One sentence summaryBy modulating local environmental pH through D-Lys secretion, Acinetobacter baumannii enhances the activity of a bifunctional cell wall-targeting T6SS effector, increasing its killing activity against Gram-negative and -positive competitors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Le, N.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinedo, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cava, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feldman, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.04.433973</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Killing of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria by a bifunctional cell wall-targeting T6SS effector]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.04.434006v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A genetic screen for regulators of muscle morphogenesis in Drosophila 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.04.434006v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mechanisms that determine the final topology of skeletal muscles remain largely unknown. We have been developing Drosophila body wall musculature as a model to identify and characterize the pathways that control muscle size, shape, and orientation during embryogenesis (Johnson et al., 2013; Williams et al., 2015; Yang et al., 2020a; Yang et al., 2020b). Our working model argues muscle morphogenesis is regulated by (1) extracellular guidance cues that direct muscle cells toward muscle attachment sites, and (2) contact dependent interactions between muscles and tendons. While we have identified several pathways that regulate muscle morphogenesis, our understanding is far from complete. Here we report the results of a recent EMS-based forward genetic screen that identified a myriad of loci not previously associated with muscle morphogenesis. We recovered new alleles of known muscle morphogenesis genes, including bsd, kon, ths, and tum, arguing our screening strategy was effective and efficient. We also identified and sequenced new alleles of salm, barr, and ptc that presumably disrupt independent pathways directing muscle morphogenesis. Equally as important, our screen shows that at least 11 morphogenetic loci remain to be identified. This screen has developed exciting new tools to study muscle morphogenesis, which may provide future insights into the mechanisms that determine skeletal muscle topology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Johnson, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skeath, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ou, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gontarz, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.04.434006</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A genetic screen for regulators of muscle morphogenesis in Drosophila]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.05.434094v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Engineered Peptide-Functionalized Hydrogels Modulate the RNA Transcriptome of Human Nucleus Pulposus Cells In Vitro 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.05.434094v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Degeneration and aging of the nucleus pulposus (NP) of the intervertebral disc (IVD) is accompanied by alterations in NP cell phenotype marked by a shift towards a fibroblast-like, catabolic state. We have recently demonstrated an ability to manipulate the phenotype of human adult degenerative NP cells through 2D culture upon poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hydrogels dually functionalized with integrin- and syndecan-binding laminin-mimetic peptides (LMPs). In the present study, we sought to understand the transcriptomic changes elicited through NP cell interactions with the LMP-functionalized hydrogel system (LMP gel) by examining targets of interest a priori and by conducting unbiased analysis to identify novel mechanosensitive targets. The results of gene specific analysis demonstrated that the LMP gel promoted adult degenerative NP cells to upregulate 148 genes including several NP markers (e.g. NOG and ITGA6) and downregulate 277 genes, namely several known fibroblastic markers. Additionally, 13 genes associated with G protein-coupled receptors, many of which are known drug targets, were identified as differentially regulated following culture upon the gel. Furthermore, through gene set enrichment analysis we identified over 700 pathways enriched amongst the up- and downregulated genes including pathways related to cell differentiation, notochord morphogenesis, and intracellular signaling. Together these findings demonstrate the global mechanobiological effects induced by the LMP gel and confirm the ability of this substrate to modulate NP cell phenotype.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barcellona, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Speer, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jing, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchowski, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Setton, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.05.434094</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Engineered Peptide-Functionalized Hydrogels Modulate the RNA Transcriptome of Human Nucleus Pulposus Cells In Vitro]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.05.434177v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptional-Regulatory Convergence Across Functional MDD Risk Variants Identified by Massively Parallel Reporter Assays 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.05.434177v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Family and population studies indicate clear heritability of major depressive disorder (MDD), though its underlying biology remains unclear. The majority of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) linkage blocks associated with MDD by genome-wide association studies (GWASes) are believed to alter transcriptional regulators (e.g., enhancers, promoters), based on enrichment of marks correlated with these functions. A key to understanding MDD pathophysiology will be elucidation of which SNPs are functional and how such functional variants biologically converge to elicit the disease. Furthermore, retinoids can elicit MDD in patients, and promote depressive behaviors in rodent models, acting via a regulatory system of retinoid receptor transcription factors (TFs). We therefore sought to simultaneously identify functional genetic variants and assess retinoid pathway regulation of MDD risk loci. Using Massively Parallel Reporter Assays (MPRAs), we functionally screened over 1 000 SNPs prioritized from 39 neuropsychiatric trait/disease GWAS loci, with SNPs selected based on overlap with predicted regulatory features--including expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and histone marks--from human brains and cell cultures. We identified >100 SNPs with allelic effects on expression in a retinoid-responsive model system. Further, functional SNPs were enriched for binding sequences of retinoic acid-receptive transcription factors (TFs); with additional allelic differences unmasked by treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Finally, motifs overrepresented across functional SNPs corresponded to TFs highly specific to serotonergic neurons, suggesting an in vivo site of action. Our application of MPRAs to screen MDD-associated SNPs suggests a shared transcriptional regulatory program across loci, a subset of which are unmasked by retinoids.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mulvey, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.05.434177</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptional-Regulatory Convergence Across Functional MDD Risk Variants Identified by Massively Parallel Reporter Assays]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.06.434233v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural variants are a major source of gene expression differences in humans and often affect multiple nearby genes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.06.434233v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Structural variants (SVs) are an important source of human genome diversity but their functional effects are not well understood. We mapped 61,668 SVs in 613 individuals with deep genome sequencing data from the GTEx project and measured their effects on gene expression. We estimate that common SVs are causal at 2.66% of eQTLs, which is a 10.5-fold enrichment relative to their abundance in the genome and consistent with prior work using smaller sample sizes. Duplications and deletions were the most impactful variant types, whereas the contribution of mobile element insertions was surprisingly small (0.12% of eQTLs, 1.9-fold enriched). Multi-tissue analysis of expression effects revealed that gene-altering SVs show significantly more constitutive effects than other variant types, with 62.09% of coding SV-eQTLs active in all tissues with known eQTL activity compared to 23.08% of coding SNV- and indel-eQTLs, whereas noncoding SVs, SNVs and indels show broadly similar patterns. We also identified 539 rare SVs associated with nearby gene expression outliers. Of these, 62.34% are noncoding SVs that show strong effects on gene expression yet modest enrichment at known regulatory elements, demonstrating that rare noncoding SVs are a major source of gene expression differences but remain difficult to predict from current annotations. Remarkably, both common and rare noncoding SVs often show strong regional effects on the expression of multiple genes: SV-eQTLs affect an average of 1.82 nearby genes compared to 1.09 genes affected by SNV- and indel-eQTLs, and 21.34% of rare expression-altering SVs show strong effects on 2-9 different genes. We also observe significant effects on gene expression extending 1 Mb from the SV. This provides a mechanism by which individual noncoding SVs may have strong and/or pleiotropic effects on phenotypic variation and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scott, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.06.434233</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural variants are a major source of gene expression differences in humans and often affect multiple nearby genes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.09.434561v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiple nucleotide polymorphism DNA markers for the accurate evaluation of genetic variations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.09.434561v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DNA markers are an essential tool for the detection and evaluation of genetic variations, a central theme in genetics and biology. Effective markers must be highly reproducible, polymorphic, accurate and efficient to profile. We developed multiple dispersed nucleotide polymorphism (MNP) DNA marker and an efficient MNP genotyping method called MNP-Seq. The MNP marker was 17.48% more polymorphic than the highly polymorphic marker of microsatellites on a collection of hybrid rice plants. When applied to genotype more than 80,000 individual MNP markers of diploid rice and polyploidy hybrid cotton varieties which were notoriously difficult to genotype accurately, MNP-Seq finished in two days and achieved accuracies of 99.999% and 99.988%, respectively. We adopted MNP-Seq to reveal the ubiquitous, albeit subtle and neglected, genetic heterogeneities in homonyms of Nipponbare rice, a popular model organism for plant biology. This result raised a question on the consistency of the published results using the model plant. We also used MNP-Seq to accurately and efficiently determine the identities of plant varieties, a key but difficult problem for the protection of plant intellectual property rights. While being applied to plants in the current study, the MNP marker and MNP-Seq are general and readily applicable to similar problems in animals and micro-organisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.09.434561</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiple nucleotide polymorphism DNA markers for the accurate evaluation of genetic variations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.10.434762v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Supports Gut Mucosal Immunity and Commensal Microbiome Recognition in Autoimmune Arthritis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.10.434762v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Brutons tyrosine kinase (Btk) deficiency preferentially eliminates autoreactive B cells while sparing normal humoral responses, but has not been studied in mucosal immunity. Commensal microbes are essential for arthritis in K/BxN mice, used here to examine how BTK-mediated signaling interfaces with the microbiome. Btk-deficient K/BxN mice were found to have small Peyers Patches with reduced germinal center and IgA+ B cells. Although lamina propria IgA+ plasma cells were numerically normal, intestinal IgA was low and IgA coating of commensal bacteria was reduced. IgA-seq showed a shift in microbes that are normally IgA-coated into the uncoated fraction in Btk-deficient mice. In this altered microbial milieau, the proportion of Parabacteroides distasonis was reduced in Btk-deficient K/BxN mice. To determine whether P. distasonis contributes to arthritis, it was reintroduced into antibiotic-protected K/BxN mice, where it restored disease. This suggests that P. distasonis inability to thrive in Btk-deficient mice may be a factor in disease protection. Thus, BTK supports normal intestinal IgA development, with downstream effects on the microbiome that may contribute to autoimmunity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bonami, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thurman, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nyhoff, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westlake, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barron, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kendall, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.10.434762</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Supports Gut Mucosal Immunity and Commensal Microbiome Recognition in Autoimmune Arthritis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.12.434746v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mitochondrial Phenotypes Distinguish Pathogenic MFN2 Mutations by Pooled Functional Genomics Screen 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.12.434746v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most human genetic variation is classified as VUS - variants of uncertain significance. While advances in genome editing have allowed innovation in pooled screening platforms, many screens deal with relatively simple readouts (viability, fluorescence) and cannot identify the complex cellular phenotypes that underlie most human diseases. In this paper, we present a generalizable functional genomics platform that combines high-content imaging, machine learning, and microraft isolation in a new method termed "Raft-Seq". We highlight the efficacy of our platform by showing its ability to distinguish pathogenic point mutations of the mitochondrial regulator MFN2, even when the cellular phenotype is subtle. We also show that our platform achieves its efficacy using multiple cellular features, which can be configured on-the-fly. Raft-Seq enables a new way to perform pooled screening on sets of mutations in biologically relevant cells, with the ability to physically capture any cell with a perturbed phenotype and expand it clonally, directly from the primary screen.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=121 SRC="FIGDIR/small/434746v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (46K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@c774b4org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@bee63corg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@fd7099org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@eb7d87_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG Here, we address the need to evaluate the impact of numerous genetic variants. This manuscript depicts the methods of using machine learning on a biologically relevant phenotype to predict specific point mutations, followed by physically capturing those mutated cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yenkin, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bramley, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waligorski, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kremitzki, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liebeskind, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vakaki, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandrasekaran, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitra, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milbrandt, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchser, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.12.434746</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mitochondrial Phenotypes Distinguish Pathogenic MFN2 Mutations by Pooled Functional Genomics Screen]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.12.435017v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mental health explains individual deviations from normative range in cognition-associated brain states 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.12.435017v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Links between cognitive deficits and psychiatric disorders have been studied predominantly at the group level, leaving unique individual characteristics largely elusive. Here, we applied normative modeling to UK Biobank data (N=18,634) and estimated the individual-level interplay of large-scale brain networks over time (i.e., dynamic brain state) as a function of general cognitive ability. Abnormality in such brain states was linked to individual variation in mental health. Specifically, brain state measures including fractional occupancy that indicates the brain state probability over time were estimated using a Hidden Markov Model, followed by a Gaussian process regression to estimate the normative range of these brain state measures from general cognitive ability. Abnormality scores per participant were quantified to represent the degree of deviations relative to the estimated population norm. We found significant associations between the abnormality scores of several brain states and individuals overall mental health. Our findings suggest potential impact of mental health on dynamic brain states that subserve cognitive functions and shed light on the relevant brain mechanisms underlying cognitive deficits in mental illness.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vidaurre, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bijsterbosch, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.12.435017</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mental health explains individual deviations from normative range in cognition-associated brain states]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.13.435127v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Individualized precision targeting of dorsal attention and default mode networks with rTMS in traumatic brain injury-associated depression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.13.435127v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundAt the group level, antidepressant efficacy of rTMS targets is inversely related to their normative connectivity with subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC). Individualized connectivity may yield better targets, particularly in patients with neuropsychiatric disorders who may have aberrant connectivity. However, sgACC connectivity shows poor test-retest reliability at the individual level. Individualized resting-state network mapping (RSNM) can reliably map inter-individual variability in brain network organization.

ObjectiveTo identify individualized RSNM-based rTMS targets that reliably target the sgACC connectivity profile.

MethodsWe used RSNM to identify network-based rTMS targets in 10 healthy controls and 13 individuals with traumatic brain injury-associated depression (TBI-D). These "RSNM targets" were compared with consensus structural targets and targets based on individualized anti-correlation with a group-mean-derived sgACC region ("anti-group-mean sgACC targets"). The TBI-D cohort was randomized to receive active (n=9) or sham (n=4) rTMS to RSNM targets.

ResultsThe group-mean sgACC connectivity profile was reliably estimated by individualized correlation with default mode network (DMN) and anti-correlation with dorsal attention network (DAN). Individualized RSNM targets were then identified based on DAN anti-correlation and DMN correlation. Counterintuitively, anti-correlation with the group-mean sgACC connectivity profile was stronger and more reliable for RSNM-derived targets than for "anti-group-mean sgACC targets". Improvement in depression after RSNM-targeted rTMS was predicted by target anti-correlation with the portions of sgACC. Active treatment led to increased connectivity within and between several relevant regions.

ConclusionsRSNM may enable reliable individualized rTMS targeting, although further research is needed to determine whether this personalized approach can improve clinical outcomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Siddiqi, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kandala, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hacker, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trapp, N. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leuthardt, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brody, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.13.435127</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Individualized precision targeting of dorsal attention and default mode networks with rTMS in traumatic brain injury-associated depression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.16.389791v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RCytoGPS: An R Package for Reading and Visualizing Cytogenetics Data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.16.389791v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryCytogenetics data, or karyotypes, are among the most common clinically used forms of genetic data. Karyotypes are stored as standardized text strings using the International System for Human Cytogenomic Nomenclature (ISCN). Historically, these data have not been used in large-scale computational analyses due to limitations in the ISCN text format and structure. Recently developed computational tools such as CytoGPS have enabled large-scale computational analyses of karyotypes. To further enable such analyses, we have now developed RCytoGPS, an R package that takes JSON files generated from CytoGPS.org and converts them into objects in R. This conversion facilitates the analysis and visualizations of karyotype data. In effect this tool streamlines the process of performing large-scale karyotype analyses, thus advancing the field of computational cytogenetic pathology.

Availability and ImplementationFreely available at https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=RCytoGPS

Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Abrams, Z. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tally, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abruzzo, L. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coombes, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.16.389791</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RCytoGPS: An R Package for Reading and Visualizing Cytogenetics Data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.16.435709v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The arrested state of processing bodies supports mRNA regulation in early development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.16.435709v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biomolecular condensates that form via liquid-liquid phase separation can exhibit diverse physical states. Despite considerable progress, the relevance of condensate physical states for in vivo biological function remains limited. Here, we investigated the physical properties of in vivo processing bodies (P bodies) and their impact on mRNA storage in mature Drosophila oocytes. We show that the conserved DEAD-box RNA helicase Me31B forms P body condensates which adopt a less dynamic, arrested physical state. We demonstrate that structurally distinct proteins and hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions, together with RNA and intrinsically disordered regions, regulate the physical properties of P bodies. Finally, using live imaging, we show that the arrested state of P bodies is required to prevent the premature release of bicoid (bcd) mRNA, a body axis determinant, and that P body dissolution leads to bcd release. Together, this work establishes a role for arrested states of biomolecular condensates in regulating cellular function in a developing organism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sankaranarayanan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emenecker, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahnel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trussina, I. R. E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wayland, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alberti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weil, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.16.435709</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The arrested state of processing bodies supports mRNA regulation in early development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.16.435727v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GABAergic neuronal IL-4R mediates T cell effect on memory 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.16.435727v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mechanisms governing how immune cells and their derived molecules impact homeostatic brain function are still poorly understood. Here, we elucidate neuronal mechanisms underlying effects of T cells on synaptic function and episodic memory. Depletion of CD4 T cells led to memory deficits and impaired long term potentiation. Severe combined immune-deficient (SCID) mice exhibited amnesia, which was reversible by repopulation with T cells from wild-type but not from IL-4-knockout mice. This rescue was mediated via IL-4 receptors (IL-4R) expressed on neurons. Exploration of snRNAseq of neurons participating in memory processing provided insights into synaptic organization and plasticity-associated pathways and genes regulated by immune cells and molecules. IL-4R knockout in inhibitory neurons impaired contextual fear memory, suggesting participation of an IL-4-associated switch in regulating synaptic function and promoting contextual fear memory. These findings provide insights into neuroimmune interactions at the transcriptional and functional levels in neurons.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kipnis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dykstra, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salvador, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrews, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papadopoulos, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smirnov, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.16.435727</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GABAergic neuronal IL-4R mediates T cell effect on memory]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.17.435795v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Continuous Polony Gels for Tissue Mapping with High Resolution and RNA Capture Efficiency 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.17.435795v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Current technologies for acquiring spatial transcript information from tissue sections rely on either RNA probes or spatial barcodes. The former methods require a priori knowledge for probeset formulation; the latter have yet to achieve single cell resolution and/or transcript capture efficiencies approaching dissociative, single-cell methods. Here, we describe a novel spatial transcriptome assay called polony (or DNA cluster)-indexed library-sequencing (PIXEL-seq). It improves upon other spatial barcoding methods by employing "continuous" polony oligos arrayed across a customized gel surface. In terms of assay performance, PIXEL-seq attains [&le;] 1 {micro}m resolution and captures >1,000 unique molecular identifiers/10x10 {micro}m2. In other words, this global, naive platform achieves subcellular spatial transcriptome mapping while maintaining high transcript capture efficiencies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmiter, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.17.435795</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Continuous Polony Gels for Tissue Mapping with High Resolution and RNA Capture Efficiency]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.19.436079v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nonsense Mediated RNA Decay Is a Unique Vulnerability of Cancer Cells with SF3B1 and U2AF1 Mutations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.19.436079v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nonsense-mediated RNA decay (NMD) is well recognized as an RNA surveillance pathway that targets aberrant mRNAs with premature translation termination codons (PTCs) for degradation; however, its molecular mechanisms and roles in health and disease remain incompletely understood. In this study, we developed a novel reporter system that can accurately measure NMD activity in individual cells. By carrying out a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen using this reporter system, we identified novel NMD-promoting factors, including multiple components of the SF3B complex and other U2 spliceosome factors. Interestingly, we also found that cells with mutations in the U2 spliceosome genes SF3B1 and U2AF1--which are commonly found in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and cancers--have overall attenuated NMD activity. Furthermore, we found that compared to wild type cells, SF3B1 and U2AF1 mutant cells are more sensitive to NMD inhibition, a phenotype that is accompanied by elevated DNA replication obstruction, DNA damage and chromosomal instability. Remarkably, the sensitivity of spliceosome mutant cells to NMD inhibition could be rescued by overexpression of RNase H1, which removes R-loops in the genome. Together, our findings shed new light on the functional interplay between NMD and RNA splicing and suggest a novel strategy for the treatment of MDS and cancers with spliceosome mutations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>You, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheruiyot, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srivatsan, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemacon, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wadugu, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warner, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pruett-Miller, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Obeng, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Link, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bailis, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walter, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.19.436079</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nonsense Mediated RNA Decay Is a Unique Vulnerability of Cancer Cells with SF3B1 and U2AF1 Mutations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.25.437003v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mining signaling flow to interpret mechanisms of synergy of drug combinations using deep graph neural networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.25.437003v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Complex signaling pathways/networks are believed to be responsible for drug resistance in cancer therapy. Drug combinations inhibiting multiple signaling targets within cancer-related signaling networks have the potential to reduce drug resistance. Deep learning models have been reported to predict drug combinations. However, these models are hard to be interpreted in terms of mechanism of synergy (MoS), and thus cannot well support the human-AI based clinical decision making. Herein, we proposed a novel computational model, DeepSignalingFlow, which seeks to address the preceding two challenges. Specifically, a graph convolutional network (GCN) was developed based on a core cancer signaling network consisting of 1584 genes, with gene expression and copy number data derived from 46 core cancer signaling pathways. The novel up-stream signaling-flow (from up-stream signaling to drug targets), and the down-stream signaling-flow (from drug targets to down-stream signaling), were designed using trainable weights of network edges. The numerical features (accumulated information due to the signaling-flows of the signaling network) of drug nodes that link to drug targets were then used to predict the synergy scores of such drug combinations. The model was evaluated using the NCI ALMANAC drug combination screening data. The evaluation results showed that the proposed DeepSignalingFlow model can not only predict drug combination synergy score, but also interpret potentially interpretable MoS of drug combinations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payne, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.25.437003</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mining signaling flow to interpret mechanisms of synergy of drug combinations using deep graph neural networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.29.437431v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Oxytocin receptor activation does not mediate associative fear deficits in a Williams Syndrome model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.29.437431v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Williams Syndrome is caused by a deletion of 26-28 genes on chromosome 7q11.23. Patients with this disorder have distinct behavioral phenotypes including learning deficits, anxiety, increased phobias, and hypersociability. Some studies also suggest elevated blood oxytocin and altered oxytocin receptor expression, and this oxytocin dysregulation is hypothesized to be involved in the underlying mechanisms driving a subset of these phenotypes. A  Complete Deletion mouse, modeling the hemizygous critical region deletion in Williams Syndrome, recapitulates many of the phenotypes present in humans. These Complete Deletion mice also exhibited impaired fear responses in the conditioned fear task. Here, we address whether oxytocin dysregulation is responsible for this impaired associative fear memory response. We show direct delivery of an oxytocin receptor antagonist to the central nervous system did not rescue the attenuated contextual or cued fear memory responses in Complete Deletion mice. Thus, increased oxytocin signaling is not acutely responsible for this phenotype. We also evaluated oxytocin receptor and serotonin transporter availability in regions related to fear learning, memory, and sociability using autoradiography in wild type and Complete Deletion mice. While we identified trends in lowered oxytocin receptor expression in the lateral septal nucleus, and trends towards lowered serotonin transporter availability in the striatum and orbitofrontal cortex, we found no significant differences after correction. Together, these data suggest the fear conditioning anomalies in the Williams Syndrome mouse model are independent of any alterations in the oxytocinergic system caused by deletion of the Williams locus.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nygaard, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swift, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glick, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maloney, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gould, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.29.437431</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Oxytocin receptor activation does not mediate associative fear deficits in a Williams Syndrome model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.04.438377v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional connectivity of the developing mouse cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.04.438377v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cross-sectional studies have established a variety of structural, synaptic and cell physiological changes corresponding to key critical periods in cortical development. However, the emergence of functional connectivity (FC) in development has not been fully characterized, and hemodynamic-based measures are vulnerable to any neurovascular coupling changes occurring in parallel. We therefore used optical fluorescence imaging to trace longitudinal calcium FC in the awake, resting-state mouse cortex in the same mice at 5 developmental time points beginning at postnatal day 15 (P15) and ending in early adulthood (P60), resulting in over 500 imaging epochs with both calcium and hemodynamics available as a resource for the field. Proof-of-principle analyses revealed that calcium FC displayed coherent functional maps as early as P15, and FC significantly varied in connections between many regions across development, with the developmental trajectorys shape specific to the functional region. This longitudinal developmental calcium FC dataset provides an essential resource for further algorithm development and studies of healthy development and neurodevelopmental disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rahn, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brier, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bice, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reisman, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Culver, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.04.438377</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional connectivity of the developing mouse cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.06.438566v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of Structures for Ion Channel Kinetic Models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.06.438566v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Markov models of ion channel dynamics have evolved as experimental advances have improved our understanding of channel function. Past studies have examined various topologies for Markov models of channel dynamics. We present a systematic method for identification of all possible Markov model topologies using experimental data for two types of native voltage-gated ion channel currents: mouse atrial sodium and human left ventricular fast transient outward potassium currents. In addition to optional biophysically inspired restrictions on the number of connections from a state and elimination of long-range connections, this study further suggests successful models have more than minimum number of connections for set number of states. When working with topologies with more than the minimum number of connections, the topologies with three and four connections to the open state tend to serve well as Markov models of ion channel dynamics.

Significance StatementHere, we present a computational routine to thoroughly search for Markov model topologies for simulating whole-cell currents given an experimental dataset. We test this method on two distinct types of voltage-gated ion channels that function in the generation of cardiac action potentials. Particularly successful models have more than one connection between an open state and the rest of the model, and large models may benefit from having even more connections between the open state and the rest of the other states.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mangold, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhagavan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreno, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nerbonne, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.06.438566</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of Structures for Ion Channel Kinetic Models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.06.438689v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sustained Oxygenation Accelerates Diabetic Wound Healing by Simultaneously Promoting Epithelialization and Angiogenesis, and Decreasing Tissue Inflammation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.06.438689v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Non-healing diabetic wound is one of the most common complications for diabetic patients. Chronic hypoxia is among the prominent factors that delay the wound healing process. Therefore, sustained oxygenation to alleviate hypoxia is hypothesized to promote diabetic wound healing. Yet it cannot be achieved by current clinical approaches including hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Herein, we developed a sustained oxygenation system consisting of oxygen-release microspheres and a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging hydrogel. The hydrogel was used to capture the ROS that is elevated in the diabetic wounds, and that may be generated due to oxygen release. The sustainedly released oxygen augmented survival and migration of keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts; promoted angiogenic growth factor expression, and angiogenesis in the diabetic wounds; and decreased M1 macrophage density. These effects led to a significant increase of wound closure rate. These findings reveal that sustained oxygenation alone without using drugs is capable of healing diabetic wounds.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zayed, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.06.438689</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sustained Oxygenation Accelerates Diabetic Wound Healing by Simultaneously Promoting Epithelialization and Angiogenesis, and Decreasing Tissue Inflammation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.07.438885v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An open source statistical and data processing toolbox for wide-field optical imaging in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.07.438885v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Wide-field optical imaging (WOI) produces concurrent hemodynamic and cell-specific calcium recordings across the entire cerebral cortex. There have been multiple studies using WOI to image mouse models with various environmental or genetic manipulations to understand various diseases. Despite the obvious utility of pursuing mouse WOI alongside human functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and the multitude of analysis toolboxes in the fMRI literature, there is not an available open-source, user-friendly data processing and statistical analysis toolbox for WOI data. Here, we present our MATLAB toolbox for pre-processing WOI data, as described and adapted to combine processing techniques from multiple WOI groups. Additionally, we provide multiple data analysis packages and translate two commonly used statistical approaches from the fMRI literature to the WOI data. To illustrate the utility, we demonstrate the ability of the processing and analysis framework to detect a well-established deficit in a mouse model of stroke. Additionally, we evaluate resting state data in healthy mice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brier, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Culver, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.07.438885</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An open source statistical and data processing toolbox for wide-field optical imaging in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.08.439081v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modern Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates replicate inside spacious vacuoles and egress from macrophages 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.08.439081v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections are increasing at alarming rates. Therefore, novel antibiotic-sparing treatments to combat these A. baumannii infections are urgently needed. The development of these interventions would benefit from a better understanding of this bacteriums pathobiology, which remains poorly understood. A. baumannii is regarded as an extracellular opportunistic pathogen. However, research on Acinetobacter has largely focused on common lab strains, such as ATCC 19606, that have been isolated several decades ago. These strains exhibit reduced virulence when compared to recently isolated clinical strains. In this work, we demonstrate that, unlike ATCC 19606, several modern A. baumannii clinical isolates, including the recent clinical urinary isolate UPAB1, persist and replicate inside macrophages within spacious vacuoles. We show that intracellular replication of UPAB1 is dependent on a functional type I secretion system (T1SS) and pAB5, a large conjugative plasmid that controls the expression of several chromosomally-encoded genes. Finally, we show that UPAB1 escapes from the infected macrophages by a lytic process. To our knowledge, this is the first report of intracellular growth and replication of A. baumannii. We suggest that intracellular replication within macrophages may contribute to evasion of the immune response, dissemination, and antibiotic tolerance of A. baumannii.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sycz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Venanzio, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sartorio, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, N.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beatty, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feldman, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.08.439081</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modern Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates replicate inside spacious vacuoles and egress from macrophages]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.09.439200v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Shu Complex Prevents Mutagenesis and Cytotoxicity of Single-Strand Specific Alkylation Lesions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.09.439200v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Three-methyl cytosine (3meC) are toxic DNA lesions, blocking base pairing. Bacteria and humans, express members of the AlkB enzymes family, which directly remove 3meC. However, other organisms, including budding yeast, lack this class of enzymes. It remains an unanswered evolutionary question as to how yeast repairs 3meC, particularly in single-stranded DNA. The yeast Shu complex, a conserved homologous recombination factor, aids in preventing replication-associated mutagenesis from DNA base damaging agents such as methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). We found that MMS-treated Shu complex-deficient cells, exhibit a genome-wide increase in A:T and G:C substitutions mutations. The G:C substitutions displayed transcriptional and replicational asymmetries consistent with mutations resulting from 3meC. Ectopic expression of a human AlkB homolog in Shu-deficient yeast rescues MMS-induced growth defects and increased mutagenesis. Finally, the Shu complex exhibits increased affinity for 3meC-containing DNA. Thus, our work identifies a novel mechanism for coping with alkylation adducts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bonilla, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hengel, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rapchak, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pressimone, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fagunloye, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luong, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaher, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mosammaparast, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malc, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mieczkowski, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernstein, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.09.439200</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Shu Complex Prevents Mutagenesis and Cytotoxicity of Single-Strand Specific Alkylation Lesions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.12.439415v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human Fronto-Striatal Connectivity is Organized into Discrete Functional Subnetworks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.12.439415v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The striatum is interconnected with the cerebral cortex via multiple recurrent loops that play a major role in many neuropsychiatric conditions. Primate cortico-striatal connections can be precisely mapped using invasive tract-tracing. However, noninvasive human research has not mapped these connections with anatomical precision, limited by the practice of averaging neuroimaging data across individuals. Here we utilized highly-sampled resting-state functional connectivity MRI for individually-specific precision functional mapping of cortico-striatal connections. We identified ten discrete, individual-specific subnetworks linking cortex--predominately frontal cortex--to striatum. These subnetworks included previously unknown striatal connections to the human language network. The discrete subnetworks formed a stepped rostral-caudal gradient progressing from nucleus accumbens to posterior putamen; this organization was strongest for projections from medial frontal cortex. The stepped gradient organization fit patterns of fronto-striatal connections better than a smooth, continuous gradient. Thus, precision subnetworks identify detailed, individual-specific stepped gradients of cortico-striatal connectivity that include human-specific language networks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gordon, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laumann, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newbold, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hampton, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seider, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montez, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nielsen, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siegel, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kay, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snyder, A. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greene, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlaggar, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petersen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dosenbach, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.12.439415</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human Fronto-Striatal Connectivity is Organized into Discrete Functional Subnetworks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.14.439842v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Opening of a Cryptic Pocket in β-lactamase Increases Penicillinase Activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.14.439842v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding the functional role of protein excited states has important implications in protein design and drug discovery. However, because these states are difficult to find and study, it is still unclear if excited states simply result from thermal fluctuations and generally detract from function or if these states can actually enhance protein function. To investigate this question, we consider excited states in {beta}-lactamases and particularly a subset of states containing a cryptic pocket which forms under the {Omega}-loop. Given the known importance of the {Omega}-loop and the presence of this pocket in at least two homologs, we hypothesized that these excited states enhance enzyme activity. Using thiol labeling assays to probe {Omega}-loop pocket dynamics and kinetic assays to probe activity, we find that while this pocket is not completely conserved across {beta}-lactamase homologs, those with the {Omega}-loop pocket have a higher activity against the substrate benzylpenicillin. We also find that this is true for TEM {beta}-lactamase variants with greater open {Omega}-loop pocket populations. We further investigate the open population using a combination of NMR CEST experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. To test our understanding of the {Omega}-loop pockets functional role, we designed mutations to enhance/suppress pocket opening and observed that benzylpenicillin activity is proportional to the probability of pocket opening in our designed variants. The work described here suggests that excited states containing cryptic pockets can be advantageous for function and may be favored by natural selection, increasing the potential utility of such cryptic pockets as drug targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Knoverek, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mallimadugula, U. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rennella, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frederick, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuwen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raavicharla, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kay, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.14.439842</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Opening of a Cryptic Pocket in β-lactamase Increases Penicillinase Activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.15.439516v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Measuring Transcription Factor Binding and Gene Expression using Barcoded Self-Reporting Transposon Calling Cards and Transcriptomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.15.439516v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Calling cards technology using self-reporting transposons enables the identification of DNA-protein interactions through RNA sequencing. Although immensely powerful, current implementations of calling cards in bulk experiments on populations of cells are technically cumbersome and require many replicates to identify independent insertions into the same genomic locus. Here, we have drastically reduced the cost and labor requirements of calling card experiments in bulk populations of cells by introducing a DNA barcode into the calling card itself. An additional barcode incorporated during reverse transcription enables simultaneous transcriptome measurement in a facile and affordable protocol. We demonstrate that barcoded self-reporting transposons recover in vitro binding sites for four basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors with important roles in cell fate specification: ASCL1, MYOD1, NEUROD2, and NGN1. Further, simultaneous calling cards and transcriptional profiling during transcription factor overexpression identified both binding sites and gene expression changes for two of these factors. Lastly, we demonstrated barcoded calling cards can record binding in vivo in the mouse brain. In sum, RNA-based identification of transcription factor binding sites and gene expression through barcoded self-reporting transposon calling cards and transcriptomes is an efficient and powerful method to infer gene regulatory networks in a population of cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lalli, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milbrandt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitra, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.15.439516</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Measuring Transcription Factor Binding and Gene Expression using Barcoded Self-Reporting Transposon Calling Cards and Transcriptomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.16.439894v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A cortico-hippocampal scaffold for representing and recalling lifelike events 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.16.439894v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although every life event is unique, there are considerable commonalities across events. However, little is known about whether or how the brain flexibly represents information about different event components at encoding and during remembering. Here, we show that different cortico-hippocampal networks systematically represent specific components of events depicted in videos, both during viewing and during episodic memory retrieval. Regions of an Anterior Temporal Network represented information about people, generalizing across contexts, whereas regions of a Posterior Medial Network represented context information, generalizing across people. Medial prefrontal cortex generalized across videos depicting the same schema, whereas the hippocampus maintained event-specific representations. Similar effects were seen in real-time and recall, suggesting reuse of event components across overlapping episodic memories. These findings reveal a computationally optimal strategy in cortico-hippocampal networks for encoding different high-level event components, supporting efficient reuse for event comprehension, imagination, and recollection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Reagh, Z. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ranganath, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.16.439894</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A cortico-hippocampal scaffold for representing and recalling lifelike events]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.18.440340v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sequence determinants of in cell condensate assembly morphology, dynamics, and oligomerization as measured by number and brightness analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.18.440340v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundBiomolecular condensates are non-stoichiometric assemblies that are characterized by their capacity to spatially concentrate biomolecules and play a key role in cellular organization. Proteins that drive the formation of biomolecular condensates frequently contain oligomerization domains and intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs), both of which can contribute multivalent interactions that drive higher-order assembly. Our understanding of the relative and temporal contribution of oligomerization domains and IDRs to the material properties of in vivo biomolecular condensates is limited. Similarly, the spatial and temporal dependence of protein oligomeric state inside condensates has been largely unexplored in vivo.

MethodsIn this study, we combined quantitative microscopy with number and brightness analysis to investigate the aging, material properties, and protein oligomeric state of biomolecular condensates in vivo. Our work is focused on condensates formed by AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 19 (ARF19), which is a transcription factor integral to the signaling pathway for the plant hormone auxin. ARF19 contains a large central glutamine-rich IDR and a C-terminal Phox Bem1 (PB1) oligomerization domain and forms cytoplasmic condensates.

ResultsOur results reveal that the IDR amino acid composition can influence the morphology and material properties of ARF19 condensates. In contrast the distribution of oligomeric species within condensates appears insensitive to the IDR composition. In addition, we identified a relationship between the abundance of higher- and lower-order oligomers within individual condensates and their apparent fluidity.

ConclusionsIDR amino acid composition affects condensate morphology and material properties. In ARF condensates, altering the amino acid composition of the IDR did not greatly affect the oligomeric state of proteins within the condensate.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Emenecker, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strader, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.18.440340</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sequence determinants of in cell condensate assembly morphology, dynamics, and oligomerization as measured by number and brightness analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.19.440511v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Negative regulation of a ribonucleoprotein condensate driven by dilute phase oligomerization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.19.440511v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ribonucleoprotein bodies are exemplars of membraneless biomolecular condensates that can form via spontaneous or driven phase transitions. The fungal protein Whi3 forms ribonucleoprotein condensates with different RNA molecules, and these condensates are implicated in key processes such as cell-cycle control and generating cell polarity. Whi3 has a modular architecture that includes a Q-rich intrinsically disordered region (IDR) and a tandem RNA recognition module. Here, we demonstrate that a 21-residue stretch within the Q-rich IDR has a weak intrinsic preference for forming alpha-helical conformations. Through mutagenesis, we find that increased alpha helicity enhances oligomerization in the dilute phase. One consequence of enhanced oligomerization is a dilution of Whi3 in the dense phase. The opposite behavior is observed when helicity within the 21-residue stretch of the Q-rich region is abrogated. Thus, the formation of dilute phase oligomers, driven by a specific sequence motif and potential synergies with the rest of the IDR, opposes incorporation of the Whi3 protein into the dense phase, thereby altering the dense phase stoichiometry of protein to RNA. Our findings, which stand in contrast to other systems where oligomerization has been shown to enhance the drive for phase separation, point to a novel mechanism that might be operative for influencing compositions of condensates. Our work also points to routes for designing synthetic ribonucleoprotein condensates whereby modulation of protein oligomerization via homotypic interactions can impact dense phase concentrations, stoichiometries, and material properties.

SignificanceA large sub-class of biomolecular condensates are linked to RNA regulation and are known as ribonucleoprotein (RNP) bodies. While extensive work has identified driving forces for biomolecular condensate formation, relatively little is known about forces that oppose assembly. Here, using a fungal RNP protein, Whi3, we show that a portion of its intrinsically disordered, glutamine-rich region modulates phase separation by forming transient alpha helical structures that promote the assembly of dilute phase oligomers. These oligomers detour Whi3 proteins from condensates, thereby impacting the driving forces for phase separation, the protein-to-RNA ratio in condensates, and the material properties of condensates. Our findings show how nanoscale conformational and oligomerization equilibria can influence mesoscale phase equilibria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Seim, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Posey, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snead, W. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stormo, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klotsa, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gladfelter, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.19.440511</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Negative regulation of a ribonucleoprotein condensate driven by dilute phase oligomerization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.22.440982v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HSP90 inhibitors reduce cholesterol storage in Niemann-Pick type C1 mutant fibroblasts 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.22.440982v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Niemann Pick type C1 (NPC1) disease is a lysosomal lipid storage disorder caused by mutations of the NPC1 gene. More than 300 disease-associated mutations are reported in patients, resulting in abnormal accumulation of unesterified cholesterol, glycosphingolipids and other lipids in late endosomes and lysosomes (LE/Ly) of many cell types. Previously, we showed that treatment of many different NPC1 mutant fibroblasts with histone deacetylase inhibitors resulted in reduction of cholesterol storage, and we found that this was associated with enhanced exit of the NPC1 protein from the endoplasmic reticulum and delivery to LE/Ly. This suggested that histone deacetylase inhibitors may work through changes in protein chaperones to enhance the folding of NPC1 mutants, allowing them to be delivered to LE/Ly. In this study we evaluated the effect of several HSP90 inhibitors on NPC1I1061T skin fibroblasts. We found that HSP90 inhibition resulted in clearance of cholesterol from LE/Ly, and this was associated with enhanced delivery of the mutant NPC1I1061T protein to LE/Ly. We also observed that inhibition of HSP90 increased the expression of HSP70, and overexpression of HSP70 also reduced cholesterol storage in NPC1I1061T fibroblasts. However, we did not see correction of cholesterol storage by arimoclomol, a drug that is reported to increase HSP70 expression, at doses up to 0.5 mM. These results indicate that manipulation of molecular chaperones may lead to effective treatments for NPC1 disease, but further investigation of mechanisms will be required.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pipalia, N. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saad, S. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subramanian, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cross, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Motawa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garg, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blagg, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neckers, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helquist, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiest, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ory, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maxfield, F. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.22.440982</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HSP90 inhibitors reduce cholesterol storage in Niemann-Pick type C1 mutant fibroblasts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.25.441346v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The F-box protein AFF1 regulates ARF protein accumulation to regulate auxin response 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.25.441346v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Auxin critically regulates nearly every aspect of plant growth and development. Auxin-driven transcriptional responses are mediated through the AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF) family of transcription factors. Although ARF protein stability is regulated via the 26S proteasome, molecular mechanisms underlying ARF stability and turnover are unknown. Here, we report the identification and functional characterization of an F-box E3 ubiquitin ligase, which we have named AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR F-BOX1 (AFF1). AFF1 directly interacts with ARF19 and regulates its accumulation. Mutants defective in AFF1 display ARF19 protein hyperaccumulation, attenuated auxin responsiveness, and developmental defects. Together, our data suggest a new mechanism, namely control of ARF protein stability, in regulating auxin response.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jing, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korasick, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emenecker, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morffy, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilkinson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Powers, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strader, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.25.441346</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The F-box protein AFF1 regulates ARF protein accumulation to regulate auxin response]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.25.441358v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Abscisic acid modulates auxin-responsive hypocotyl elongation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.25.441358v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Auxin regulates many aspects of plant growth and development in concert with other plant hormones. Auxin interactions with these other phytohormones to regulate distinct processes is not fully understood. Using a forward genetics screen designed to identify seedlings resistant to the suppressive effects of auxin on dark-grown hypocotyl elongation, we identified a mutant defective in ABA ALDEHYDE OXIDASE3 (AAO3), which encodes for the enzyme that carries out the final step in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA). We found that all examined ABA deficient mutants display resistance to the inhibitory effects of auxin on dark-grown hypocotyl elongation, suggesting that aspects of ABA signaling are downstream of auxin in regulating dark-grown hypocotyl elongation. Conversely, these mutants display wild type responsiveness to auxin in root elongation assays, suggesting that ABA does not act downstream of auxin in regulating elongation of the root. Our RNA-seq analysis suggests that many auxin-repressed genes in the hypocotyl require an intact ABA pathway for full repression. Our results suggest a model in which auxin partially requires intact ABA biosynthesis in order to regulate hypocotyl elongation, but not to regulate primary root elongation, suggesting that the genetic interactions between these two pathways are tissue-dependent.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Emenecker, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cammarata, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strader, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.25.441358</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Abscisic acid modulates auxin-responsive hypocotyl elongation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.26.441501v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A potently neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody inhibits variants of concern by binding a highly conserved epitope 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.26.441501v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants with increased transmissibility and potential resistance, antibodies and vaccines with broadly inhibitory activity are needed. Here we developed a panel of neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 mAbs that bind the receptor binding domain of the spike protein at distinct epitopes and block virus attachment to cells and its receptor, human angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (hACE2). While several potently neutralizing mAbs protected K18-hACE2 transgenic mice against infection caused by historical SARS-CoV-2 strains, others induced escape variants in vivo and lost activity against emerging strains. We identified one mAb, SARS2-38, that potently neutralizes all SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern tested and protects mice against challenge by multiple SARS-CoV-2 strains. Structural analysis showed that SARS2-38 engages a conserved epitope proximal to the receptor binding motif. Thus, treatment with or induction of inhibitory antibodies that bind conserved spike epitopes may limit the loss of potency of therapies or vaccines against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>VanBlargan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilchuk, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raju, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Case, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winkler, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitener, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Droit, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aziati, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creanga, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pegu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handley, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crowe, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whelan, S. P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fremont, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamond, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.26.441501</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A potently neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody inhibits variants of concern by binding a highly conserved epitope]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.29.442002v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TNF drives AKI-to-CKD transition downstream of proximal tubule EGFR 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.29.442002v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Proximal-tubule-cell EGFR activation mediates tubule cell proliferation and repair early after kidney injury, while sustained EGFR activation causes kidney fibrosis. Inflammation is a key driver of AKI-to-CKD transition and fibrosis, but mechanisms of EGFR-driven profibrotic responses are not well understood. In a mouse model of AKI-to-CKD transition and CKD progression, we show that EGFR-inhibition significantly reduced kidney expression of many immunoregulatory molecules already by day two after injury, including the potent inflammatory cytokine tumor-necrosis-factor (TNF). Single nuclei RNA-sequencing analysis showed that macrophages were among the main early cellular sources of TNF in the injured kidney. In vitro, EGFR activation in macrophages increased macrophage TNF expression, while EGFR inhibition in vivo reduced kidney macrophage accumulation, as early as two days after injury. Thus, profibrotic EGFR signaling increases kidney TNF levels both directly and indirectly. TNF inhibition did not alter tubule EGFR activation and in contrast to EGFR inhibition did not reduce early macrophage accumulation in the kidney, suggesting that TNF does not promote early infiltration of immune cells in the kidney, but rather regulates profibrotic functions of kidney and/or immune cells. TNF inhibition with etanercept in vivo in AKI-injured mice downregulated a number of cytokines, including TNF itself. This cytokine downregulation overlapped with EGFR inhibition, and additional non-overlapping downregulated cytokines shared the same functions, predicting that TNF inhibition would prevent AKI-to-CKD transition like EGFR inhibition. Indeed, TNF-inhibition with etanercept reduced AKI-induced fibrosis to the same degree as the EGFR-inhibition, while the combination of both treatments showed no additive effect. In conclusion, our results identify TNF as a downstream effector of profibrotic EGFR activation and motivate the examination of TNF pathway inhibition in human AKI or CKD.

Translational statementProximal tubule epidermal-growth-factor (EGFR) activation in mice and likely also in humans drives inflammation in the kidney after acute-kidney-injury (AKI) and causes chronic-kidney-disease (CKD) with fibrosis in a process termed AKI-to-CKD transition. Recent retrospective data shows that patients treated with TNF inhibitors show decreased incidence and progression of CKD. Our current work shows that TNF inhibition in mice is equally as effective as EGFR inhibition in preventing AKI-to-CKD transition and fibrosis. Thus, our results have translational potential and may stimulate examination of short-term TNF inhibition in AKI to prevent AKI-to-CKD transition or possibly of longer-term TNF inhibition in CKD to prevent CKD progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Abdelmageed, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kefaloyianni, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arthanarisami, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khamissi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atkinson, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herrlich, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.29.442002</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TNF drives AKI-to-CKD transition downstream of proximal tubule EGFR]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.30.442189v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Shelterin components modulate nucleic acids condensation and phase-separation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.30.442189v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Telomeres are nucleoprotein complexes that protect the ends of chromosomes and are essential for chromosome stability in Eukaryotes. In cells, individual telomeres form distinct globules of finite size that appear to be smaller than expected for bare DNA. Moreover, upon changes in their protein composition, telomeres can cluster to form telomere-induced-foci (TIFs) or co-localize with promyelocytic leukemia (PML) nuclear bodies. The physical basis for collapse of individual telomeres and coalescence of multiple ones remains unclear, as does the relationship between these two phenomena. By combining single-molecule measurements, optical microscopy, turbidity assays, and simulations, we show that the telomere scaffolding protein TRF2 can condense individual DNA chains and drives coalescence of multiple DNA molecules, leading to phase separation and the formation of liquid-like droplets. Addition of the TRF2 binding protein hRap1 modulates phase boundaries and tunes the specificity of solution demixing while simultaneously altering the degree of DNA compaction. Our results suggest that the condensation of single telomeres and formation of biomolecular condensates containing multiple telomeres are two different outcomes driven by the same set of molecular interactions. Moreover, binding partners, such as other telomere components, can alter those interactions to promote single-chain DNA compaction over multiple-chain phase separation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Soranno, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Incicco, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Bona, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomko, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galburt, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galletto, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.30.442189</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Shelterin components modulate nucleic acids condensation and phase-separation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.02.442326v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Convergent antibody responses to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in convalescent and vaccinated individuals 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.02.442326v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Unrelated individuals can produce genetically similar clones of antibodies, known as public clonotypes, which have been seen in responses to different infectious diseases as well as healthy individuals. Here we identify 37 public clonotypes in memory B cells from convalescent survivors of SARS-CoV-2 infection or in plasmablasts from an individual after vaccination with mRNA-encoded spike protein. We identified 29 public clonotypes, including clones recognizing the receptor-binding domain (RBD) in the spike protein S1 subunit (including a neutralizing, ACE2-blocking clone that protects in vivo), and others recognizing non-RBD epitopes that bound the heptad repeat 1 region of the S2 domain. Germline-revertant forms of some public clonotypes bound efficiently to spike protein, suggesting these common germline-encoded antibodies are preconfigured for avid recognition. Identification of large numbers of public clonotypes provides insight into the molecular basis of efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and sheds light on the immune pressures driving the selection of common viral escape mutants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilchuk, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zost, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suryadevara, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winkler, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cabel, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Binshtein, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sutton, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Day, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myers, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trivette, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doranz, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campos, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carnahan, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thorne, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamond, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crowe, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.02.442326</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Convergent antibody responses to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in convalescent and vaccinated individuals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.02.442355v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Homotopic contralesional excitation suppresses spontaneous circuit repair and global network reconnections following ischemic stroke 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.02.442355v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding circuit-level changes that affect the brains capacity for plasticity will inform the design of targeted interventions for treating stroke recovery. We combine optogenetic photostimulation with optical neuroimaging to examine how contralesional excitatory activity affects cortical remodeling after stroke in mice. Following photothrombosis of left primary somatosensory forepaw (S1FP) cortex, mice received chronic excitation of right S1FP, a maneuver mimicking the use of the unaffected limb during recovery. Contralesional excitation suppressed perilesional S1FP remapping and was associated with abnormal patterns of evoked activity in the unaffected limb. Contralesional stimulation prevented the restoration of resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) within the S1FP network, RSFC in several networks functionally-distinct from somatomotor regions, and resulted in persistent limb-use asymmetry. In stimulated mice, perilesional tissue exhibited suppressed transcriptional changes in several genes important for recovery. These results suggest that contralesional excitation impedes local and global circuit reconnection through suppression of several neuroplasticity-related genes after stroke.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bice, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenthal, Z. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kraft, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wieloch, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Culver, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bauer, A. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.02.442355</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Homotopic contralesional excitation suppresses spontaneous circuit repair and global network reconnections following ischemic stroke]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.03.442479v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Circadian pacemaker neurons display co-phasic rhythms in basal calcium level and in fast calcium fluctuations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.03.442479v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Circadian pacemaker neurons in the Drosophila brain display daily rhythms in the levels of intracellular calcium. These calcium rhythms are driven by molecular clocks and are required for normal circadian behavior. To study their biological basis, we employed genetic manipulations in conjunction with in vivo light-sheet microscopy to measure calcium dynamics in individual pacemaker neurons over complete 24-hour periods. We found co-phasic daily rhythms in basal calcium levels and in high frequency calcium fluctuations. Further we found that the rhythms of basal calcium levels require the activity of the IP3R, a channel that mediates calcium fluxes from internal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium stores. Independently, the rhythms of fast calcium fluctuations required the T-type voltage-gated calcium channel, a conductance that mediates extracellular calcium influx. These results suggest that Drosophila molecular clocks regulate IP3R and T-type channels to generate coupled rhythms in basal calcium and in fast calcium fluctuations, respectively. We propose that both internal and external calcium fluxes are essential for circadian pacemaker neurons to provide rhythmic outputs, and thereby regulate the activities of downstream brain centers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holy, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taghert, P. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.03.442479</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Circadian pacemaker neurons display co-phasic rhythms in basal calcium level and in fast calcium fluctuations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.06.442421v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A morphological transformation in respiratory syncytial virus leads to enhanced complement activation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.06.442421v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The complement system is a critical host defense against infection, playing a protective role that can also enhance disease if misregulated. Although many consequences of complement activation during viral infection are well-established, specific mechanisms that contribute to activation by different human viruses remain elusive. Here, we investigate complement activation by human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a respiratory pathogen that causes severe disease in infants, the immunocompromised, and the elderly. Using a strain of RSV harboring tags on the surface glycoproteins F and G, we were able to monitor opsonization of single RSV particles with monoclonal antibodies and complement components using fluorescence microscopy. These experiments revealed an antigenic hierarchy in complement activation, where antibodies that bind towards the apex of F in either the pre- or postfusion conformation are able to activate complement whereas other antibodies are not. Additionally, among antibodies that were able to activate complement, we observed preferential targeting of a subset of particles with globular morphology, in contrast to the more prevalent viral filaments. We found that enhanced complement activation on these particles arises from changes in surface curvature that occur when the viral matrix detaches from the surrounding membrane. This transformation occurs naturally over time under mild conditions, and correlates with the accumulation of postfusion F on the viral surface. Collectively, these results identify antigenic and biophysical characteristics of virus particles that contribute to the formation of immune complexes, and suggest models for how these factors may shape disease severity and adaptive immune responses to RSV.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kuppan, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitrovich, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vahey, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.06.442421</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A morphological transformation in respiratory syncytial virus leads to enhanced complement activation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.07.442430v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Failure to detect mutations U2AF1 due to changes in the GRCh38 reference sequence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.07.442430v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The U2AF1 gene is a core part of mRNA splicing machinery and frequently contains somatic mutations that contribute to oncogenesis in MDS, AML, and other cancers. A change introduced in the GRCh38 version of the human reference build prevents mutations in this gene from being detected by many variant calling pipelines. We describe the problem in detail and show that a modified GRCh38 reference build with unchanged coordinates can be used to ameliorate the issue. This reference is available at https://zenodo.org/record/4684553 (doi:10.5281/zenodo.4684553)
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Miller, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensen, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hooper, W. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fulton, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Painter, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sekeres, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ley, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spencer, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goll, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walter, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.07.442430</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Failure to detect mutations U2AF1 due to changes in the GRCh38 reference sequence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.07.443177v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mathematical Analysis and Topology of SARS-CoV-2, Bonding with Cells and Unbonding 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.07.443177v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWWe consider the structure of the novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) in terms of the number of spikes that are critical in bonding with the cells in the host. Bonding formation is considered for selection criteria with and without any treatments. Functional mappings from the discrete space of spikes and cells and their analysis are performed. We found that careful mathematical constructions help in understanding the treatment impacts, and the role of vaccines within a host. Smales famous 2-D horseshoe examples inspired us to create 3-D visualizations and understand the topological diffusion of spikes from one human organ to another organ. The pharma industry will benefit from such an analysis for designing efficient treatment and vaccine strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>S.R. Srinivasa Rao, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krantz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.07.443177</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mathematical Analysis and Topology of SARS-CoV-2, Bonding with Cells and Unbonding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.08.443267v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An intranasal vaccine durably protects against SARS-CoV-2 variants in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.08.443267v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 variants that attenuate antibody neutralization could jeopardize vaccine efficacy and the end of the COVID-19 pandemic. We recently reported the protective activity of a single-dose intranasally-administered spike protein-based chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored vaccine (ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S) in animals, which has advanced to human trials. Here, we assessed its durability, dose-response, and cross-protective activity in mice. A single intranasal dose of ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S induced durably high neutralizing and Fc effector antibody responses in serum and S-specific IgG and IgA secreting long-lived plasma cells in the bone marrow. Protection against a historical SARS-CoV-2 strain was observed across a 100-fold vaccine dose range and over a 200-day period. At 6 weeks or 9 months after vaccination, serum antibodies neutralized SARS-CoV-2 strains with B.1.351 and B.1.1.28 spike proteins and conferred almost complete protection in the upper and lower respiratory tracts after challenge. Thus, in mice, intranasal immunization with ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S provides durable protection against historical and emerging SARS-CoV-2 strains.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hassan, A. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shrihari, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorman, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ying, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raju, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dmitriev, I. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kashentseva, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fremont, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curiel, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alter, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamond, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.08.443267</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An intranasal vaccine durably protects against SARS-CoV-2 variants in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.10.443470v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RevGadgets: an R Package for visualizing Bayesian phylogenetic analyses from RevBayes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.10.443470v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LIStatistical phylogenetic methods are the foundation for a wide range of evolutionary and epidemiological studies. However, as these methods grow increasingly complex, users often encounter significant challenges with summarizing, visualizing, and communicating their key results.
C_LIO_LIWe present RevGadgets, an R package for creating publication-quality figures from the results of a large variety of phylogenetic analyses performed in RevBayes (and other phylogenetic software packages).
C_LIO_LIWe demonstrate how to use RevGadgets through a set of vignettes that cover the most common use cases that researchers will encounter.
C_LIO_LIRevGadgets is an open-source, extensible package that will continue to evolve in parallel with RevBayes, helping researchers to make sense of and communicate the results of a diverse array of analyses.
C_LI

[Bayesian phylogenetics, data visualization, R, RevBayes]
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tribble, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freyman, W. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landis, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barido-Sottani, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kopperud, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Höhna, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>May, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.10.443470</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RevGadgets: an R Package for visualizing Bayesian phylogenetic analyses from RevBayes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.10.443539v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Autophagy gene-dependent intracellular immunity triggered by interferon-γ 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.10.443539v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genes required for the lysosomal degradation pathway of autophagy play key roles in topologically distinct cellular processes with significant physiologic importance. One of the first-described of these ATG gene-dependent processes is the requirement for a subset of ATG genes in interferon-{gamma} (IFN{gamma})-induced inhibition of norovirus and Toxoplasma gondii replication. Herein we identified new genes that are required for or that negatively regulate this immune mechanism. Enzymes involved in the conjugation of UFM1 to target proteins including UFC1 and UBA5, negatively regulated IFN{gamma}-induced inhibition of norovirus replication via effects of Ern1. IFN{gamma}-induced inhibition of norovirus replication required Wipi2b and Atg9a, but not Becn1 (encoding Beclin1), Atg14, or Sqstm1. The phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate and ATG16L1 binding domains of WIPI2B were required for IFN{gamma}-induced inhibition of norovirus replication. Both WIPI2 and SQSTM1 were required for IFN{gamma}-induced inhibition of Toxoplasma gondii replication in HeLa cells. These studies further delineate the mechanisms of a programmable form of cytokine-induced intracellular immunity that relies on an expanding cassette of essential ATG genes to restrict the growth of phylogenetically diverse pathogens.

ImportanceInterferon-{gamma} is a critical mediator of cell-intrinsic immunity to intracellular pathogens. Understanding the complex cellular mechanisms supporting robust interferon-{gamma}-induced host defenses could aid in developing new therapeutics to treat infections. Here, we examined the impact of autophagy in the interferon-{gamma} induced host response. We demonstrate that CRISPR-Cas9 screens specifically targeting the autophagy pathway uncover a role for WIPI2 in IFN{gamma}-induced inhibition of Norovirus replication in mouse cells and IFN{gamma} mediated restriction of the Toxoplasma gondii parasitophorous vacuole in human cells. Furthermore, we found perturbation of UFMylation pathway components led to more robust IFN{gamma}-induced inhibition of Norovirus due to ER stress in vitro. Enhancing or inhibiting these dynamic cellular components could serve as a strategy to weaken intracellular pathogens and maintain an effective immune response.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McAllaster, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhushan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balce, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orvedahl, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sullender, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sibley, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Virgin, H. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.10.443539</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Autophagy gene-dependent intracellular immunity triggered by interferon-γ]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.12.443853v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
8-azaadenosine and 8-chloroadenosine are not selective inhibitors of ADAR 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.12.443853v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The RNA editing enzyme ADAR, is an attractive therapeutic target for multiple cancers. Through its deaminase activity, ADAR edits adenosine to inosine in dsRNAs. Loss of ADAR in some cancer cell lines causes activation of the type I interferon pathway and the PKR translational repressor, leading to inhibition of proliferation and stimulation of cell death. As such, inhibition of ADAR function is a viable therapeutic strategy for many cancers. However, there are no FDA approved inhibitors of ADAR. Two small molecules have been previously described as inhibitors of ADAR: 8-azaadenosine and 8-chloroadenosine. Here we show that neither molecule is a selective inhibitor of ADAR. Both 8-azaadenosine and 8-chloroadenosine show similar toxicity to ADAR-dependent and independent cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the toxicity of both small molecules is comparable between cell lines with knockdown of ADAR and cells with unperturbed ADAR expression. Treatment with neither molecule causes activation of PKR. Finally, treatment with either molecule has no effect on A-to-I editing of an ADAR substrate. Together these data show that 8-azaadenosine and 8-chloroadenosine are not suitable small molecules for therapies that require selective inhibition of ADAR, and neither should be used in preclinical studies as ADAR inhibitors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cottrell, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torres, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weber, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.12.443853</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[8-azaadenosine and 8-chloroadenosine are not selective inhibitors of ADAR]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.12.443936v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Trio of Ubiquitin Ligases Sequentially Drive Ubiquitylation and Autophagic Degradation of Dysfunctional Yeast Proteasomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.12.443936v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As central effectors of ubiquitin (Ub)-mediated proteolysis, proteasomes are regulated at multiple levels, including degradation of unwanted or dysfunctional particles via autophagy (termed proteaphagy). In yeast, inactive proteasomes are exported from the nucleus, sequestered into cytoplasmic aggresomes via the Hsp42 chaperone, extensively ubiquitylated, and then tethered to the expanding phagophore by the autophagy receptor Cue5. Here, we demonstrate the need for ubiquitylation driven by the trio of Ub ligases (E3s) San1, Rsp5 and Hul5, which, together with their corresponding E2s, work sequentially to promote nuclear export and Cue5 recognition. Whereas San1 functions prior to nuclear export, Rsp5 and Hul5 likely decorate aggresome-localized proteasomes in concert. Ultimately, topologically complex Ub chain(s) containing both K48 and K63 Ub-Ub linkages are assembled, mainly on the regulatory particle, to generate autophagy-competent substrates. As San1, Rsp5, Hul5, Hsp42, and Cue5 also participate in general proteostasis, proteaphagy likely engages an essential mechanism for eliminating inactive/misfolded proteins.

HIGHLIGHTSO_LIUbiquitylation is essential for the autophagic turnover of dysfunctional proteasomes.
C_LIO_LIThe San1, Rsp5 and Hul5 E3s act sequentially to drive proteaphagy.
C_LIO_LIThe E2s Ubc1, Ubc4 and Ubc5 are collectively required.
C_LIO_LIBoth K48- and K63-mediated Ub-Ub linkages are assembled for efficient proteaphagy.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marshall, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vierstra, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.12.443936</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Trio of Ubiquitin Ligases Sequentially Drive Ubiquitylation and Autophagic Degradation of Dysfunctional Yeast Proteasomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.14.444182v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Conformational buffering underlies functional selection in intrinsically disordered protein regions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.14.444182v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many disordered proteins conserve essential functions in the face of extensive sequence variation. This makes it challenging to identify the forces responsible for functional selection. Viruses are robust model systems to investigate functional selection and they take advantage of protein disorder to acquire novel traits. Here, we combine structural and computational biophysics with evolutionary analysis to determine the molecular basis for functional selection in the intrinsically disordered adenovirus early gene 1A (E1A) protein. E1A competes with host factors to bind the retinoblastoma (Rb) protein, triggering early S-phase entry and disrupting normal cellular proliferation. We show that the ability to outcompete host factors depends on the picomolar binding affinity of E1A for Rb, which is driven by two binding motifs tethered by a hypervariable disordered linker. Binding affinity is determined by the spatial dimensions of the linker, which constrain the relative position of the two binding motifs. Despite substantial sequence variation across evolution, the linker dimensions are finely optimized through compensatory changes in amino acid sequence and sequence length, leading to conserved linker dimensions and maximal affinity. We refer to the mechanism that conserves spatial dimensions despite large-scale variations in sequence as conformational buffering. Conformational buffering explains how variable disordered proteins encode functions and could be a general mechanism for functional selection within disordered protein regions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez-Foutel, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borcherds, W. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glavina, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrera-Vilarmau, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sagar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Estana, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barozet, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez-Ballester, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanes-Mira, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez, I. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Prat Gay, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cortes, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernado, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daughdrill, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chemes, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.14.444182</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Conformational buffering underlies functional selection in intrinsically disordered protein regions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.14.444269v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Zika virus infection of pregnant Ifnar1-/- mice triggers strain-specific differences in fetal outcomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.14.444269v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus that causes a constellation of adverse fetal outcomes collectively termed Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS). However, not all pregnancies exposed to ZIKV result in an infant with apparent defects. During the 2015-2016 American outbreak of ZIKV, CZS rates varied by geographic location. The underlying mechanisms responsible for this heterogeneity in outcomes have not been well defined. Therefore, we sought to characterize and compare the pathogenic potential of multiple Asian/American-lineage ZIKV strains in an established Ifnar1-/- pregnant mouse model. Here, we show significant differences in the rate of fetal demise following maternal inoculation with ZIKV strains from Puerto Rico, Panama, Mexico, Brazil, and Cambodia. Rates of fetal demise broadly correlated with maternal viremia but were independent of fetus and placenta virus titer, indicating that additional underlying factors contribute to fetus outcome. Our results, in concert with those from other studies, suggest that subtle differences in ZIKV strains may have important phenotypic impacts. With ZIKV now endemic in the Americas, greater emphasis needs to be placed on elucidating and understanding the underlying mechanisms that contribute to fetal outcome.

IMPORTANCEZika virus (ZIKV) actively circulates in 89 countries and territories around the globe. ZIKV infection during pregnancy is associated with adverse fetal outcomes including birth defects, microcephaly, neurological complications, and even spontaneous abortion. Rates of adverse fetal outcomes vary between regions, and not every pregnancy exposed to ZIKV results in birth defects. Not much is known about how or if the infecting ZIKV strain is linked to fetal outcomes. Our research provides evidence of phenotypic heterogeneity between Asian/American-lineage ZIKV strains and provides insight into the underlying causes of adverse fetal outcomes. Understanding ZIKV strain-dependent pathogenic potential during pregnancy and elucidating underlying causes of diverse clinical sequelae observed during human infections is critical to understanding ZIKV on a global scale.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bohm, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vangorder-Braid, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaeger, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moriarty, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baczenas, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Connor, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fritsch, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuhler, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noguchi, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aliota, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.14.444269</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Zika virus infection of pregnant Ifnar1-/- mice triggers strain-specific differences in fetal outcomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.15.444302v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Differential sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1PR1) protein expressions in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex between schizophrenia Type 1 and Type 2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.15.444302v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding the etiology and treatment approaches in schizophrenia is challenged in part by the heterogeneity of this disorder. One encouraging progress is the growing evidence that there are subtypes of schizophrenia that may relate to disease duration and premorbid severity. Recent in vitro findings of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) gene expression on postmortem dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) showed that schizophrenia has two subtypes, those with a relatively normal DLPFC transcriptome (Type 1) and those with differentially expressed genes (Type 2). Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1PR1) is one of the genes that was highly upregulated in Type 2 compared to Type 1 and controls. The impact of that finding is limited because it only can be confirmed through analysis of autopsy tissue, and the clinical characteristics such as symptoms severity or illness duration was not available from that Medical Examiner based autopsy study. However, S1PR1 has great potential because it is a target gene that can be accessed via positron emission tomography (PET) in vivo using specific radioligands (starting with [11C]CS1P1) successfully developed at our center in human brain imaging. As a preliminary study to validate this PET target in schizophrenia, S1PR1 protein expression was assessed by receptor autoradiography (ARG) using [3H]CS1P1 and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the DLPFC from patients with schizophrenia classified as Type 1 or Type 2 based on their DLPFC transcriptomes and from controls. Our analyses demonstrate that ARG S1PR1 protein expression is significantly higher in Type 2 compared to Type 1 (p < 0.05) and controls (p < 0.05), which was consistent with previous mRNA S1PR1. These findings support the possibility that PET S1PR1 can be used as a future imaging biomarker to distinguish these subgroups of schizophrenic patients during life with obvious implications for both patient management and the design of clinical trials to validate novel pharmacologic therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chand, G. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahmani, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benzinger, T. L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rhodes, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.15.444302</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Differential sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1PR1) protein expressions in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex between schizophrenia Type 1 and Type 2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.16.444367v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dissecting the Cellular Landscape and Transcriptome Network in Viral Myocarditis by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.16.444367v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Myocarditis induced with Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is commonly employed to study viral pathogenesis in mice. Although infectious virus is cleared after the acute phase, affected animals chronically develop the features of dilated cardiomyopathy, which may involve the mediation of immune and non-immune cells. To dissect this complexity, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on heart cells obtained from healthy and myocarditic mice, leading us to note that myocarditic mice had significantly higher proportions of myeloid cells, CD4 and CD8 T cells, and fibroblasts, whereas NK cells, ILCs and B cells were low. While the transcriptome profiles of myeloid cells revealed detection of monocytes and macrophages of M2 phenotype with pathways important in immune metabolism and inflammation, T cells consisted of Th17 cells, CTLs, and Treg cells with transcriptome signatures critical for cytotoxic functions. Although fibroblasts detected in myocarditic mice were phenotypically heterogeneous, their transcriptomes played roles in fibrosis and regulation of inflammation and immune responses. Additionally, analysis of intercellular communication networks revealed unique interactions and signaling pathways in the cardiac cellulome, whereas myeloid cells and T cells in myocarditic mice revealed uniquely upregulated transcription factors modulating cardiac remodeling functions. Taken together, our data suggest that M2 cells, T cells, and fibroblasts may cooperatively or independently participate in the pathogenesis of viral myocarditis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lasrado, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borcherding, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arumugam, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Starr, T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reddy, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.16.444367</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dissecting the Cellular Landscape and Transcriptome Network in Viral Myocarditis by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.17.444475v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bexarotene derivatives modify responses in acute myeloid leukemia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.17.444475v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The retinoids all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and bexarotene are active in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but responses beyond acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) have been more modest than APL responses. To determine whether chemical modification of bexarotene might augment retinoid responses in AML, we screened a series of 38 bexarotene derivatives for activity in a mouse MLL-AF9 leukemia cell line, which exhibits strong synergistic sensitivity to the combination of ATRA and bexarotene. We found that RXRA potency correlated with anti-leukemic activity and that only one compound (103-4) with dual RARA/RXRA activity was capable of ATRA-independent anti-leukemic activity. We evaluated bioisostere and cyclohexane modifications for potential resistance to P450 metabolism and found that bioisosteres reduced potency and that bezopyran, cyclopentane, and cyclohexene modifications only modestly reduced susceptibility to metabolism. Collectively, these studies provide a map of the structure-activity relationships of bexarotene with outcomes related to RXRA and RARA activity, corepressor binding, compound stability, and anti-leukemic potential.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hadwiger, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>di Martino, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferris, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frederick, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruminski, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welch, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.17.444475</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bexarotene derivatives modify responses in acute myeloid leukemia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.17.444514v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Cre-dependent massively parallel reporter assay allows for cell-type specific assessment of the functional effects of genetic variants in vivo 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.17.444514v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The function of regulatory elements is highly dependent on the cellular context, and thus for understanding the function of elements associated with psychiatric diseases these would ideally be studied in neurons in a living brain. Massively Parallel Reporter Assays (MPRAs) are molecular genetic tools that enable functional screening of hundreds of predefined sequences in a single experiment. These assays have not yet been adapted to query specific cell types in vivo in a complex tissue like the mouse brain. Here, using a test-case 3'UTR MPRA library with genomic elements containing variants from ASD patients, we developed a method to achieve reproducible measurements of element effects in vivo in a cell type-specific manner, using excitatory cortical neurons and striatal medium spiny neurons as test cases. This new technique should enable robust, functional annotation of genetic elements in the cellular contexts most relevant to psychiatric disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lagunas, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plassmyer, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedman, R. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rieger, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucero, A. F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanders, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.17.444514</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Cre-dependent massively parallel reporter assay allows for cell-type specific assessment of the functional effects of genetic variants in vivo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.17.444531v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reduced calcium storage blunts calcium signaling in Toxoplasma bradyzoites and impedes motility and egress 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.17.444531v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Toxoplasma gondii has evolved different developmental stages for disseminating during acute infection (i.e. tachyzoites) and for establishing chronic infection (i.e. bradyzoites). Calcium ion (Ca2+) signaling tightly regulates the lytic cycle of tachyzoites by controlling microneme secretion and motility to drive egress and cell invasion. However, the roles of Ca2+ signaling pathways in bradyzoites remain largely unexplored. Here we show that Ca2+ responses are highly restricted in bradyzoites and that they fail to egress in response to agonists. Development of dual-reporter parasites revealed dampened calcium responses and minimal microneme secretion by bradyzoites induced in vitro or harvested from infected mice and tested ex vivo. Ratiometric Ca2+ imaging demonstrated lower Ca2+ basal levels, reduced magnitude, and slower Ca2+ kinetics in bradyzoites compared with tachyzoites stimulated with agonists. Diminished responses in bradyzoites were associated with down-regulation of calcium ATPases involved in intracellular Ca2+ storage in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and acidocalcisomes. Once liberated from cysts by trypsin digestion, bradyzoites incubated in glucose plus calcium rapidly restored their intracellular Ca2+ and ATP stores leading to enhanced gliding. Collectively, our findings indicate that intracellular bradyzoites exhibit dampened Ca2+ signaling and lower energy levels that restrict egress, and yet upon release they rapidly respond to changes in the environment to regain motility.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, N. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreno, S. N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sibley, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.17.444531</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reduced calcium storage blunts calcium signaling in Toxoplasma bradyzoites and impedes motility and egress]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.21.445045v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PARROT: a flexible recurrent neural network framework for analysis of large protein datasets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.21.445045v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The rise of high-throughput experiments has transformed how scientists approach biological questions. The ubiquity of large-scale assays that can test thousands of samples in a day has necessitated the development of new computational approaches to interpret this data. Among these tools, machine learning approaches are increasingly being utilized due to their ability to infer complex non-linear patterns from high-dimensional data. Despite their effectiveness, machine learning (and in particular deep learning) approaches are not always accessible or easy to implement for those with limited computational expertise. Here we present PARROT, a general framework for training and applying deep learning-based predictors on large protein datasets. Using an internal recurrent neural network architecture, PARROT is capable of tackling both classification and regression tasks while only requiring raw protein sequences as input. We showcase the potential uses of PARROT on three diverse machine learning tasks: predicting phosphorylation sites, predicting transcriptional activation function of peptides generated by high-throughput reporter assays, and predicting the fibrillization propensity of amyloid beta with data generated by deep mutational scanning. Through these examples, we demonstrate that PARROT is easy to use, performs comparably to state-of-the-art computational tools, and is applicable for a wide array of biological problems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Griffith, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.21.445045</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PARROT: a flexible recurrent neural network framework for analysis of large protein datasets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.21.445229v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Formylglycine-generating enzyme-like proteins constitute a novel family of widespread type VI secretion system immunity proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.21.445229v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Competition is a critical aspect of bacterial life, as it enables niche establishment and facilitates the acquisition of essential nutrients. Warfare between Gram-negative bacteria is largely mediated by the type VI secretion system (T6SS), a dynamic nanoweapon that delivers toxic effector proteins from an attacking cell to adjacent bacteria in a contact-dependent manner. Effector-encoding bacteria prevent self-intoxication and kin cell killing by the expression of immunity proteins, which prevent effector toxicity by specifically binding their cognate effector and occluding its active site. In this study, we investigate Tsi3, a previously uncharacterized T6SS immunity protein present in multiple strains of the human pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii. We show that Tsi3 is the cognate immunity protein of the antibacterial effector of unknown function Tse3. Our bioinformatic analyses indicate that Tsi3 homologs are widespread among Gram-negative bacteria, often encoded within T6SS effector-immunity modules. Surprisingly, we found that Tsi3 homologs possess a characteristic formylglycine-generating enzyme (FGE) domain, which is present in various enzymatic proteins. Our data shows that Tsi3-mediated immunity is dependent on Tse3-Tsi3 protein-protein interactions and that Tsi3 homologs from various bacteria do not protect against Tse3-dependent bacterial killing. Thus, we conclude that Tsi3 homologs are unlikely to be functional enzymes. Collectively, our work identifies FGE domain-containing proteins as important mediators of immunity against T6SS attacks and indicates that the FGE domain can be co-opted as a scaffold in multiple proteins to carry out diverse functions.

ImportanceDespite the wealth of knowledge on the diversity of biochemical activities carried out by T6SS effectors, comparably little is known about the various strategies bacteria employ to prevent susceptibility to T6SS-dependent bacterial killing. Our work establishes a novel family of T6SS immunity proteins with a characteristic FGE domain. This domain is present in enzymatic proteins with various catalytic activities. Our characterization of Tsi3 expands the known functions carried out by FGE-like proteins to include defense during T6SS-mediated bacterial warfare. Moreover, it highlights the evolution of FGE domain-containing proteins to carry out diverse biological functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lopez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen-Hung, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moon, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salomon, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bosis, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feldman, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.21.445229</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Formylglycine-generating enzyme-like proteins constitute a novel family of widespread type VI secretion system immunity proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.24.445057v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Promising Chemical Series of Positive Allosteric Modulators of the μ-Opioid Receptor that Enhance the Antinociceptive Efficacy of Opioids but not their Adverse Effects 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.24.445057v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of the {micro}-opioid receptor (MOR) have been proposed to exhibit therapeutic potential by maximizing the analgesic properties of clinically used opioid drugs while limiting their adverse effects or risk of overdose as a result of using lower drug doses. We herein report in vitro and in vivo characterization of two small molecules from a chemical series of MOR PAMs that exhibit: (i) MOR PAM activity and receptor subtype selectivity in vitro, (ii) a differential potentiation of the antinociceptive effect of oxycodone, morphine, and methadone in mouse models of pain that roughly correlates with in vitro activity, and (iii) a lack of potentiation of adverse effects associated with opioid administration, such as somatic withdrawal, respiratory depression, and analgesic tolerance. This series of MOR PAMs holds promise for the development of adjuncts to opioid therapy to mitigate against overdose and opioid use disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pryce, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sakloth, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toth, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kapoor, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicolais, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Che, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertherat, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaniskan, H. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cameron, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roth, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zachariou, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Filizola, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.24.445057</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Promising Chemical Series of Positive Allosteric Modulators of the μ-Opioid Receptor that Enhance the Antinociceptive Efficacy of Opioids but not their Adverse Effects]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.25.445499v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Variation in upstream open reading frames contributes to allelic diversity in protein abundance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.25.445499v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The 5 untranslated region (UTR) sequence of eukaryotic mRNAs may contain upstream open reading frames (uORFs), which can regulate translation of the main open reading frame (mORF). The current model of translational regulation by uORFs posits that when a ribosome scans an mRNA and encounters a uORF, translation of that uORF can prevent ribosomes from reaching the mORF and cause decreased mORF translation. In this study, we first observed that rare variants in the 5 UTR dysregulate protein abundance. Upon further investigation, we found that rare variants near the start codon of uORFs can repress or derepress mORF translation, causing allelic changes in protein abundance. This finding holds for common variants as well, and common variants that modify uORF start codons also contribute disproportionately to metabolic and whole-plant phenotypes, suggesting that translational regulation by uORFs serves an adaptive function. These results provide evidence for the mechanisms by which natural sequence variation modulates gene expression, and ultimately, phenotype.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gage, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mali, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McLoughlin, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khaipho-Burch, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monier, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bailey-Serres, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vierstra, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buckler, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.25.445499</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Variation in upstream open reading frames contributes to allelic diversity in protein abundance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.25.445656v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Precise genotyping of circular mobile elements uncovers human associated plasmids with surprisingly recent common ancestors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.25.445656v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mobile genetic elements with circular genomes play a key role in the evolution of microbial communities. These circular genomes correspond to cyclic paths in metagenome graphs, and yet, assemblies derived from natural microbial communities produce graphs riddled with spurious cycles, complicating the accurate reconstruction of circular genomes. We present an algorithm that reconstructs true circular genomes based on the identification of so-called  dominant cycles. Our algorithm leverages paired reads to bridge gaps between assembly contigs and scrutinizes cycles through a nucleotide-level analysis, making the approach robust to mis-assembly artifacts. We validated the approach using simulated and reference data. Application of this approach to 32 publicly available DNA shotgun sequence data sets from diverse natural environments led to the reconstruction of hundreds of circular mobile genomes. Clustering revealed 20 clusters of cryptic, prevalent, and abundant plasmids that have clonal population structures with surprisingly recent common ancestors. This work enables the robust study of evolution and spread of mobile elements in natural settings.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shalon, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Relman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yaffe, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.25.445656</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Precise genotyping of circular mobile elements uncovers human associated plasmids with surprisingly recent common ancestors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.26.445798v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The complete sequence of a human genome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.26.445798v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In 2001, Celera Genomics and the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium published their initial drafts of the human genome, which revolutionized the field of genomics. While these drafts and the updates that followed effectively covered the euchromatic fraction of the genome, the heterochromatin and many other complex regions were left unfinished or erroneous. Addressing this remaining 8% of the genome, the Telomere-to-Telomere (T2T) Consortium has finished the first truly complete 3.055 billion base pair (bp) sequence of a human genome, representing the largest improvement to the human reference genome since its initial release. The new T2T-CHM13 reference includes gapless assemblies for all 22 autosomes plus Chromosome X, corrects numerous errors, and introduces nearly 200 million bp of novel sequence containing 2,226 paralogous gene copies, 115 of which are predicted to be protein coding. The newly completed regions include all centromeric satellite arrays and the short arms of all five acrocentric chromosomes, unlocking these complex regions of the genome to variational and functional studies for the first time.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nurk, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koren, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rhie, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rautiainen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bzikadze, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mikheenko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vollger, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altemose, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uralsky, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gershman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aganezov, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoyt, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diekhans, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Logsdon, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alonge, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antonarakis, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borchers, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouffard, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brooks, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caldas, G. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chin, C.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chow, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Lima, L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dishuck, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durbin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dvorkina, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiddes, I. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Formenti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fulton, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fungtammasan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garrison, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grady, P. G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graves-Lindsay, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, N. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartley, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haukness, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howe, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunkapiller, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.26.445798</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The complete sequence of a human genome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.28.446178v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control dataset: A theoretically-guided within-subject task fMRI battery 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.28.446178v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cognitive control is a critical higher mental function, which is subject to considerable individual variation, and is impaired in a range of mental health disorders. We describe here the initial release of Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control (DMCC) project data, the DMCC55B dataset, with 55 healthy unrelated young adult participants. Each participant performed four well-established cognitive control tasks (AX-CPT, Cued Task-Switching, Sternberg Working Memory, and Stroop) while undergoing functional MRI scanning. The dataset includes a range of state and trait self-report questionnaires, as well as behavioural tasks assessing individual differences in cognitive ability. The DMCC project is on-going and features additional components (e.g., related participants, manipulations of cognitive control mode, resting state fMRI, longitudinal testing) that will be publicly released following study completion. This DMCC55B subset is released early with the aim of encouraging wider use and greater benefit to the scientific community. The DMCC55B dataset is suitable for benchmarking and methods exploration, as well as analyses of task performance and individual differences.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Etzel, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brough, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freund, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kizhner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tay, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braver, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.28.446178</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control dataset: A theoretically-guided within-subject task fMRI battery]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.30.446349v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
metapredict: a fast, accurate, and easy-to-use cross-platform predictor of consensus disorder 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.30.446349v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intrinsically disordered proteins and protein regions make up a substantial fraction of many proteomes where they play a wide variety of essential roles. A critical first step in understanding the role of disordered protein regions in biological function is to identify those disordered regions correctly. Computational methods for disorder prediction have emerged as a core set of tools to guide experiments, interpret results, and develop hypotheses. Given the multiple different predictors available, consensus scores have emerged as a popular approach to mitigate biases or limitations of any single method. Consensus scores integrate the outcome of multiple independent disorder predictors and provide a per-residue value that reflects the number of tools that predict a residue to be disordered. Although consensus scores help mitigate the inherent problems of using any single disorder predictor, they are computationally expensive to generate. They also necessitate the installation of multiple different software tools, which can be prohibitively difficult. To address this challenge, we developed a deep-learning-based predictor of consensus disorder scores. Our predictor, metapredict, utilizes a bidirectional recurrent neural network trained on the consensus disorder scores from 12 proteomes. By benchmarking metapredict using two orthogonal approaches, we found that metapredict is among the most accurate disorder predictors currently available. Metapredict is also remarkably fast, enabling proteome-scale disorder prediction in minutes. Importantly, metapredict is fully open source and is distributed as a Python package, a collection of command-line tools, and a web server, maximizing the potential practical utility of the predictor. We believe metapredict offers a convenient, accessible, accurate, and high-performance predictor for single-proteins and proteomes alike.

Statement of SignificanceIntrinsically disordered regions are found across all kingdoms of life where they play a variety of essential roles. Being able to accurately and quickly identify disordered regions in proteins using just the amino acid sequence is critical for the appropriate design and interpretation of experiments. Despite this, performing large-scale disorder prediction on thousands of sequences is challenging using extant disorder predictors due to various difficulties including general installation and computational requirements. We have developed an accurate, high-performance and easy-to-use predictor of protein disorder and structure. Our predictor, metapredict, was designed for both proteome-scale analysis and individual sequence predictions alike. Metapredict is implemented as a collection of local tools and an online web server, and is appropriate for both seasoned computational biologists and novices alike.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Emenecker, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffith, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.30.446349</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[metapredict: a fast, accurate, and easy-to-use cross-platform predictor of consensus disorder]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.31.446440v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Anatomical Structures, Cell Types, and Biomarkers Tables Plus 3D Reference Organs in Support of a Human Reference Atlas 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.31.446440v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
1.This paper reviews efforts across 16 international consortia to construct human anatomical structures, cell types, and biomarkers (ASCT+B) tables and three-dimensional reference organs in support of a Human Reference Atlas. We detail the ontological descriptions and spatial three-dimensional anatomical representations together with user interfaces that support the registration and exploration of human tissue data. Four use cases are presented to demonstrate the utility of ASCT+B tables for advancing biomedical research and improving health.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Borner, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teichmann, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quardokus, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Browne, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osumi-Sutherland, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herr, B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bueckle, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haniffa, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jardine, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, S.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halushka, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boppana, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Longacre, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hickey, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valerius, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pryhuber, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jorgensen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radtke, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wasserfall, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ginty, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sunshine, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beuschel, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brusko, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malhotra, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weber, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.31.446440</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Anatomical Structures, Cell Types, and Biomarkers Tables Plus 3D Reference Organs in Support of a Human Reference Atlas]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.01.446616v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Building Back More Equitable STEM Education: Teach Science by Engaging Students in Doing Science 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.01.446616v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The COVID-19 pandemic is a national tragedy, one that has focused our attention on both the need to improve science education and the need to confront systemic racism in our country. We know that active learning strategies, in particular research experiences, can engage and empower STEM undergraduates, effectively closing the achievement gap for historically excluded persons. The apprenticeship model for STEM training - supervised research under a dedicated mentor - is highly effective, but out of reach for most students. Recent efforts have demonstrated that Course-based Undergraduate Research Experiences (CUREs) can be an effective approach for making STEM research accessible for all. Our meta-analysis of CUREs finds that published examples now cover the breadth of the typical undergraduate biology curriculum. A thoughtfully designed CURE can go beyond foundational knowledge and analytical thinking to include career-related skills, e.g., teamwork and communication. Similarly, it can be designed with equity as a foundational principle, taking into account the unique contributions of all students and their varying needs. We provide here an example framework (The "Do Science Framework") for making STEM training more effective and inclusive using CUREs. While CUREs do not inherently address equity, there can be no equity in STEM education without equal access to research participation, and progress toward this goal can be achieved using CUREs. However, implementing new CUREs is not a trivial undertaking, particularly at schools with high teaching loads and little or no research infrastructure, including many community colleges. We therefore propose a National Center for Science Engagement to support this transition, building on experiences of current nationally established CUREs as well as the work of many individual faculty. In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, academia has a renewed responsibility to dismantle structural inequities in education; engaging all STEM students in research can be a key step.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Elgin, S. C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hays, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mingo, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaffer, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.01.446616</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Building Back More Equitable STEM Education: Teach Science by Engaging Students in Doing Science]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.02.446756v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gonadal sex patterns p21-induced cellular senescence in mouse and human glioblastoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.02.446756v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Males exhibit higher incidence and worse prognosis for the majority of cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM). Disparate survival may be related to sex-biased responses to treatment, including radiation. Using a mouse model of GBM, we show that female cells are more sensitive to radiation, and that senescence represents a major component of the radiation therapeutic response in both sexes. Correlation analyses revealed that the CDK inhibitor p21 and irradiation induced senescence were differentially regulated between male and female cells. Indeed, female cellular senescence was more sensitive to changes in p21 levels, a finding that was observed in both wildtype and transformed murine astrocytes and patient-derived GBM cell lines. Using a novel Four Core Genotypes model of GBM, we further show that sex differences in p21-induced senescence are patterned by gonadal sex. These data suggest that sex differences in p21 induced senescence contribute to the female survival advantage in GBM.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Broestl, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grandison, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shenoy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tallman, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rhee, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sponagel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kfoury-Beaumont, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hill, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venere, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubin, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.02.446756</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gonadal sex patterns p21-induced cellular senescence in mouse and human glioblastoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.05.447209v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NeTOIF: A Network-based Approach for Time-Series Omics Data Imputation and Forecasting 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.05.447209v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationHigh-throughput studies of biological systems are rapidly generating a wealth of  omics-scale data. Many of these studies are time-series collecting proteomics and genomics data capturing dynamic observations. While time-series omics data are essential to unravel the mechanisms of various diseases, they often include missing (or incomplete) values resulting in data shortage. Data missing and shortage are especially problematic for downstream applications such as omics data integration and computational analyses that need complete and sufficient data representations. Data imputation and forecasting methods have been widely used to mitigate these issues. However, existing imputation and forecasting techniques typically address static omics data representing a single time point and perform forecasting on data with complete values. As a result, these techniques lack the ability to capture the time-ordered nature of data and cannot handle omics data containing missing values at multiple time points.

ResultsWe propose a network-based method for time-series omics data imputation and forecasting (NeTOIF) that handle omics data containing missing values at multiple time points. NeTOIF takes advantage of topological relationships (e.g., protein-protein and gene-gene interactions) among omics data samples and incorporates a graph convolutional network to first infer the missing values at different time points. Then, we combine these inferred values with the original omics data to perform time-series imputation and forecasting using a long short-term memory network. Evaluating NeTOIF with a proteomic and a genomic dataset demonstrated a distinct advantage of NeTOIF over existing data imputation and forecasting methods. The average mean square error of NeTOIF improved 11.3% for imputation and 6.4% for forcasting compared to the baseline methods.

Contactsmollah@wustl.edu
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mollah, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.05.447209</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NeTOIF: A Network-based Approach for Time-Series Omics Data Imputation and Forecasting]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.08.447489v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Brain charts for the human lifespan 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.08.447489v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Over the past few decades, neuroimaging has become a ubiquitous tool in basic research and clinical studies of the human brain. However, no reference standards currently exist to quantify individual differences in neuroimaging metrics over time, in contrast to growth charts for anthropometric traits such as height and weight1. Here, we built an interactive resource to benchmark brain morphology, www.brainchart.io, derived from any current or future sample of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. With the goal of basing these reference charts on the largest and most inclusive dataset available, we aggregated 123,984 MRI scans from 101,457 participants aged from 115 days post-conception through 100 postnatal years, across more than 100 primary research studies. Cerebrum tissue volumes and other global or regional MRI metrics were quantified by centile scores, relative to non-linear trajectories2 of brain structural changes, and rates of change, over the lifespan. Brain charts identified previously unreported neurodevelopmental milestones3; showed high stability of individual centile scores over longitudinal assessments; and demonstrated robustness to technical and methodological differences between primary studies. Centile scores showed increased heritability compared to non-centiled MRI phenotypes, and provided a standardised measure of atypical brain structure that revealed patterns of neuroanatomical variation across neurological and psychiatric disorders. In sum, brain charts are an essential first step towards robust quantification of individual deviations from normative trajectories in multiple, commonly-used neuroimaging phenotypes. Our collaborative study proves the principle that brain charts are achievable on a global scale over the entire lifespan, and applicable to analysis of diverse developmental and clinical effects on human brain structure. Furthermore, we provide open resources to support future advances towards adoption of brain charts as standards for quantitative benchmarking of typical or atypical brain MRI scans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bethlehem, R. A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seidlitz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vogel, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adamson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adler, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexopoulos, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anagnostou, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Areces-Gonzalez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Astle, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Auyeung, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayub, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ball, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baron-Cohen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beare, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bedford, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benegal, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beyer, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bin Bae, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blangero, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blesa Cabez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boardman, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borzage, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bosch-Bayard, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourke, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calhoun, V. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakravarty, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chertavian, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chetelat, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chong, Y. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cole, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corvin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Courchesne, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crivello, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cropley, V. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crosbie, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crossley, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delarue, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desrivieres, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.08.447489</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Brain charts for the human lifespan]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.09.447772v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Normal Aging in Mice is Associated with a Global Reduction in Cortical Spectral Power and a Network-Specific Decline in Functional Connectivity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.09.447772v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Normal aging is associated with a variety of neurologic changes including declines in cognition, memory, and motor activity. These declines correlate with neuronal changes in synaptic structure and function. Degradation of brain network activity and connectivity represents a likely mediator of age-related functional deterioration resulting from these neuronal changes. Human studies have demonstrated both general decreases in spontaneous cortical activity and disruption of cortical networks with aging. Current techniques used to study cerebral network activity are hampered either by limited spatial resolution (e.g. electroencephalography, EEG) or limited temporal resolution (e.g., functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI). Here we utilize mesoscale imaging of neuronal activity in Thy1-GCaMP6f mice to characterize neuronal network changes in aging with high spatial resolution across a wide frequency range. We show that while evoked activity is unchanged with aging, spontaneous neuronal activity decreases across a wide frequency range (0.01-4Hz) involving all regions of the cortex. In contrast to this global reduction in cortical power, we found that aging is associated with functional connectivity (FC) deterioration of select networks including somatomotor, cingulate, and retrosplenial nodes. These changes are corroborated by reductions in homotopic FC and node degree within somatomotor and visual cortices. Finally, we found that whole cortex delta power and delta band node degree correlate with exploratory activity in young but not aged animals. Together these data suggest that aging is associated with global declines in spontaneous cortical activity and focal deterioration of network connectivity, and that these reductions may be associated with age-related behavioral declines.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Albertson, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landsness, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenthal, Z. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Culver, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bauer, A. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.09.447772</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Normal Aging in Mice is Associated with a Global Reduction in Cortical Spectral Power and a Network-Specific Decline in Functional Connectivity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.11.448124v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
p53 mutations exhibit sex specific gain-of-function activity in gliomagenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.11.448124v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The tumor suppressor TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in cancer. Most TP53 mutations are missense mutations in the DNA-binding domain, which in addition to loss of canonical p53 activity, frequently confer gain-of-function (GOF) aberrant transcriptional activity through mutant p53 localization to non-canonical genes. GOF phenotypes differ by mutation and cell identity and are reported to include increased proliferation, migration, metabolic reprogramming, and therapy resistance. We found that several recurring p53 mutations exhibit a sex-bias in patients with glioblastoma (GBM). In vitro and in vivo analysis of three mutations, p53R172H, p53Y202C, and p53Y217C revealed sex differences in each mutations ability to transform primary mouse astrocytes. p53R172H exhibited a far greater ability to transform female astrocytes than males, p53Y202C transformed both male and female astrocytes with a small male bias, and p53Y217C only exhibited GOF transformation effects in male astrocytes. These phenotypic differences reflect an interaction between sex and GOF mutation to drive unique gene expression patterns in cancer pathways. We found that mutant p53 exhibits sex and mutation specific aberrant genomic localization to the transcriptional start sites of upregulated genes, whose promoter regions were enriched for different sets of transcription factor DNA-binding motifs. Together, our data establish a novel paradigm for sex specific mutant p53 GOF activity in GBM with implications for all cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rockwell, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warrington, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffith, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffith, O. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gurnett, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baldridge, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubin, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.11.448124</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[p53 mutations exhibit sex specific gain-of-function activity in gliomagenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.13.448171v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolution of the open-access CIViC knowledgebase is driven by the needsof the cancer variant interpretation community 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.13.448171v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CIViC (Clinical Interpretation of Variants in Cancer; civicdb.org) is a crowd-sourced, public domain knowledgebase composed of literature-derived evidence characterizing the clinical utility of cancer variants. As clinical sequencing becomes more prevalent in cancer management, the need for cancer variant interpretation has grown beyond the capability of any single institution. With nearly 300 contributors, CIViC contains peer-reviewed, published literature curated and expert-moderated into structured data units (Evidence Items) that can be accessed globally and in real time, reducing barriers to clinical variant knowledge sharing. We have extended CIViCs functionality to support emergent variant interpretation guidelines, increase interoperability with other variant resources, and promote widespread dissemination of structured curated data. To support the full breadth of variant interpretation from basic to translational, including integration of somatic and germline variant knowledge and inference of drug response, we have enabled curation of three new evidence types (predisposing, oncogenic and functional). The growing CIViC knowledgebase distributes clinically-relevant cancer variant data currently representing >2500 variants in >400 genes from >2800 publications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Krysiak, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danos, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiwala, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMichael, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coffman, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnell, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheta, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saliba, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grisdale, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kujan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pema, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lever, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spies, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiorean, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rieke, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takahashi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horak, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ritter, D. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ainscough, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamping, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marr, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, W.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Terraf, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salama, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farncombe, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanagal-Shamanna, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cotto, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skidmore, Z. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milosavljevic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, R. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giles, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schriml, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mardis, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.13.448171</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolution of the open-access CIViC knowledgebase is driven by the needsof the cancer variant interpretation community]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.14.448281v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SOD1 Mediates Lysosome-to-Mitochondria Communication and its Dysregulation by Amyloid-β Oligomers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.14.448281v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Altered mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) occurs in neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimers disease (AD); how mtDNA synthesis is linked to neurodegeneration is poorly understood. We discovered Nutrient-induced Mitochondrial Activity (NiMA), an inter-organelle signaling pathway where nutrient-stimulated lysosomal mTORC1 activity regulates mtDNA replication in neurons by a mechanism sensitive to amyloid-{beta} oligomers (A{beta}Os), a primary factor in AD pathogenesis. Using 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation into mtDNA of cultured neurons, along with photoacoustic and mitochondrial metabolic imaging of cultured neurons and mouse brains, we show these effects being mediated by mTORC1-catalyzed T40 phosphorylation of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). Mechanistically, tau, another key factor in AD pathogenesis and other tauopathies, reduced the lysosomal content of the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), thereby increasing NiMA and suppressing SOD1 activity and mtDNA synthesis. A{beta}Os inhibited these actions. Dysregulation of mtDNA synthesis was observed in fibroblasts derived from TS patients, who lack functional TSC and elevated SOD1 activity was also observed in human AD brain. Together, these findings imply that tau and SOD1 couple nutrient availability to mtDNA replication, linking mitochondrial dysfunction to AD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Norambuena, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallrabe, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pardo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shivange, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Post, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferris, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Periasamy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bloom, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.14.448281</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SOD1 Mediates Lysosome-to-Mitochondria Communication and its Dysregulation by Amyloid-β Oligomers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.14.448297v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Live Imaging Reveals the Cellular Events Downstream of SARM1 Activation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.14.448297v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SARM1 is an inducible NAD+ hydrolase that triggers axon loss and neuronal cell death in the injured and diseased nervous system. While SARM1 activation and enzyme function are well defined, the cellular events downstream of SARM1 activity but prior to axonal demise are much less well understood. Defects in calcium, mitochondria, ATP, and membrane homeostasis occur in injured axons, but the relationships among these events have been difficult to disentangle because prior studies analyzed large collections of axons in which cellular events occur asynchronously. Here we used live imaging with single axon resolution to investigate the cellular events downstream of SARM1 activity. Our studies support a model in which SARM1 NADase activity leads to an ordered sequence of events from loss of cellular ATP, to defects in mitochondrial movement and depolarization, followed by calcium influx, externalization of phosphatidylserine, and loss of membrane permeability prior to catastrophic axonal self-destruction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ko, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milbrandt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiAntonio, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.14.448297</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Live Imaging Reveals the Cellular Events Downstream of SARM1 Activation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.15.448562v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Skeletal dysplasia-causing TRPV4 mutations suppress the hypertrophic differentiation of human iPSC-derived chondrocytes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.15.448562v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mutations in the TRPV4 ion channel can lead to a range of skeletal dysplasias. However, the mechanisms by which TRPV4 mutations lead to distinct disease severity remain unknown. Here, we use CRISPR-Cas9-edited human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) harboring either the mild V620I or lethal T89I mutations to elucidate the differential effects on channel function and chondrogenic differentiation. We found that hiPSC-derived chondrocytes with the V620I mutation exhibited increased basal currents through TRPV4. However, both mutations showed more rapid calcium signaling with a reduced overall magnitude in response to TRPV4 agonist GSK1016790A compared to wildtype. There were no differences in overall cartilaginous matrix production, but the V620I mutation resulted in reduced mechanical properties of cartilage matrix later in chondrogenesis. mRNA sequencing revealed that both mutations upregulated several anterior HOX genes and downregulated antioxidant genes CAT and GSTA1 throughout chondrogenesis. BMP4 treatment upregulated several essential hypertrophic genes in WT chondrocytes; however, this hypertrophic maturation response was inhibited in mutant chondrocytes. These results indicate that the TRPV4 mutations alter BMP signaling in chondrocytes and prevent proper chondrocyte hypertrophy, as a potential mechanism for dysfunctional skeletal development. Our findings provide potential therapeutic targets for developing treatments for TRPV4-mediated skeletal dysplasias.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dicks, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maksaev, G. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harissa, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savadipour, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steward, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liedtke, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guilak, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.15.448562</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Skeletal dysplasia-causing TRPV4 mutations suppress the hypertrophic differentiation of human iPSC-derived chondrocytes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.16.448733v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ACES: Analysis of Conservation with Expansive Species 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.16.448733v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationAn abundance of new reference genomes are becoming available through large-scale sequencing efforts. While the reference FASTA for each genome is available, there is currently no automated mechanism to query a specific sequence across all new reference genomes.

ResultsWe developed ACES (Analysis of Conservation with Expansive Species) as a computational workflow to query specific sequences of interest (e.g., enhancers, promoters, exons) against reference genomes with an available reference FASTA. This automated workflow generates BLAST hits against each of the reference genomes, a multiple sequence alignment file, a graphical fragment assembly file, and a phylogenetic tree file. These data files can then be used by the researcher in several ways to provide key insights into conservation of the query sequence.

AvailabilityACES is available at https://github.com/TNTurnerLab/ACES

Contacttychele@wustl.edu

Supplementary informationSupplementary Figure 1 is available on bioRxiv.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Padhi, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehinovic, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sams, E. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, T. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.16.448733</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ACES: Analysis of Conservation with Expansive Species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.17.448915v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rotavirus NSP1 contributes to intestinal viral replication, pathogenesis, and transmission 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.17.448915v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rotavirus (RV)-encoded non-structural protein 1 (NSP1), the product of gene segment 5, effectively antagonizes host interferon (IFN) signaling via multiple mechanisms. Recent studies with the newly established RV reverse genetics system indicate that NSP1 is not essential for the replication of simian RV SA11 strain in cell culture. However, the role of NSP1 in RV infection in vivo remains poorly characterized due to the limited replication of heterologous simian RVs in the suckling mouse model. Here, we used an optimized reverse genetics system and successfully recovered recombinant murine RVs with or without NSP1 expression. While the NSP1-null virus replicated comparably with the parental murine RV in IFN-deficient and IFN-competent cell lines in vitro, it was highly attenuated in 5-day-old wild-type suckling pups. In the absence of NSP1 expression, murine RV had significantly reduced replication in the ileum, systemic spread to mesenteric lymph nodes, fecal shedding, diarrhea occurrence, and transmission to uninoculated littermates. Of interest, the replication and pathogenesis defects of NSP1-null RV were only minimally rescued in Stat1 knockout pups, suggesting that NSP1 facilitates RV replication in an IFN-independent manner. Our findings highlight a pivotal function of NSP1 during homologous RV infections in vivo and identify NSP1 as an ideal viral protein for targeted attenuation for future vaccine development.

IMPORTANCERotavirus remains one of the most important causes of severe diarrhea and dehydration in young children worldwide. Although NSP1 is dispensable for rotavirus replication in cell culture, its exact role in virus infection in vivo remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that in the context of a fully replication-competent, pathogenic, and transmissible murine rotavirus, loss of NSP1 expression substantially attenuated virus replication in the gastrointestinal tract, diarrheal disease, and virus transmission in suckling mice. Notably, the NSP1-deficient murine rotavirus also replicated poorly in mice lacking host interferon signaling. Our data provide the first piece of evidence that NSP1 is essential for murine rotavirus replication in vivo, making it an attractable target for developing improved next-generation rotavirus vaccines better suited for socioeconomically disadvantaged and immunocompromised individuals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hou, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matthijnssens, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenberg, H. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.17.448915</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rotavirus NSP1 contributes to intestinal viral replication, pathogenesis, and transmission]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.18.449049v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Economic Choices under Simultaneous or Sequential Offers Rely on the Same Neural Circuit 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.18.449049v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A series of studies in which monkeys chose between two juices offered in variable amounts identified in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) different groups of neurons encoding the value of individual options (offer value), the binary choice outcome (chosen juice) and the chosen value. These variables capture both the input and the output of the choice process, suggesting that the cell groups identified in OFC constitute the building blocks of a decision circuit. Several lines of evidence support this hypothesis. However, in previous experiments offers were presented simultaneously, raising the question of whether current notions generalize to when goods are presented or are examined in sequence. Recently, Ballesta and Padoa-Schioppa (2019) examined OFC activity under sequential offers. An analysis of neuronal responses across time windows revealed that a small number of cell groups encoded specific sequences of variables. These sequences appeared analogous to the variables identified under simultaneous offers, but the correspondence remained tentative. Thus in the present study we examined the relation between cell groups found under sequential versus simultaneous offers. We recorded from the OFC while monkeys chose between different juices. Trials with simultaneous and sequential offers were randomly interleaved in each session. We classified cells in each choice modality and we examined the relation between the two classifications. We found a strong correspondence - in other words, the cell groups measured under simultaneous offers and under sequential offers were one and the same. This result indicates that economic choices under simultaneous or sequential offers rely on the same neural circuit.

Significance StatementResearch in the past 20 years has shed light on the neuronal underpinnings of economic choices. A large number of results indicates that decisions between goods are formed in a neural circuit within the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). In most previous studies, subjects chose between two goods offered simultaneously. Yet, in daily situations, goods available for choice are often presented or examined in sequence. Here we recorded neuronal activity in the primate OFC alternating trials under simultaneous and under sequential offers. Our analyses demonstrate that the same neural circuit supports choices in the two modalities. Hence current notions on the neuronal mechanisms underlying economic decisions generalize to choices under sequential offers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shi, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ballesta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Padoa-Schioppa, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.18.449049</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Economic Choices under Simultaneous or Sequential Offers Rely on the Same Neural Circuit]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.01.449170v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Role of the Human Brain Neuron-Glia-Synaptic Composition in Forming Resting State Functional Connectivity Networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.01.449170v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While significant progress has been achieved in studying resting state functional networks in a healthy human brain and in a wide range of clinical conditions, many questions related to their relationship to the brains cellular constituents remain open. Herein we use quantitative Gradient-Recalled-Echo (qGRE) MRI for mapping human brain cellular composition, and BOLD (blood oxygen level dependent) MRI to explore how the brain cellular constituents relate to resting state functional networks. Results show that the BOLD-signal-defined synchrony of connections between cellular circuits in network-defined individual functional units is mainly associated with the regional neuronal density, while the between-functional-units connectivity strength is also influenced by the glia and synaptic components of brain tissue cellular constituents. These mechanisms lead to a rather broad distribution of resting state functional networks properties. Visual networks with the highest neuronal density (but lowest density of glial cells and synapses) exhibit the strongest coherence of BOLD signal, as well as the strongest intra-network connectivity. The Default Mode Network (DMN) is positioned near the opposite part of the spectrum with relatively low coherence of the BOLD signal but a remarkably balanced cellular content enabling DMN prominent role in the overall organization of the brain and the hierarchy of functional networks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kahali, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raichle, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yablonskiy, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.01.449170</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Role of the Human Brain Neuron-Glia-Synaptic Composition in Forming Resting State Functional Connectivity Networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.03.451008v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enzymatic and structural characterization of HAD5, an essential phosphomannomutase of malaria parasites 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.03.451008v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is responsible for over 200 million infections and 400,000 deaths per year. At multiple stages during its complex life cycle, P. falciparum expresses several essential proteins tethered to its surface by glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors, which are critical for biological processes such as parasite egress and reinvasion of host red blood cells. Targeting this pathway therapeutically has the potential to broadly impact parasite development across several life stages. Here, we characterize an upstream component of GPI anchor biosynthesis, the putative phosphomannomutase (EC 5.4.2.8) of the parasites, HAD5 (PF3D7_1017400). We confirm the phosphomannomutase and phosphoglucomutase activity of purified recombinant HAD5. By regulating expression of HAD5 in transgenic parasites, we demonstrate that HAD5 is required for malaria parasite egress and erythrocyte reinvasion. Finally, we determine the three-dimensional crystal structure of HAD5 and identify a substrate analog that specifically inhibits HAD5, compared to orthologous human phosphomannomutases. These findings demonstrate that the GPI anchor biosynthesis pathway is exceptionally sensitive to inhibition, and that HAD5 has potential as a multi-stage antimalarial target.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Frasse, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soleimani, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jakeman, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jez, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldberg, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Odom John, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.03.451008</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enzymatic and structural characterization of HAD5, an essential phosphomannomutase of malaria parasites]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.05.450926v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stable Isotope Tracing In Vivo Reveals A Metabolic Bridge Linking The Microbiota To Host Histone Acetylation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.05.450926v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The gut microbiota influences host epigenetics by fermenting dietary fiber into butyrate. Although butyrate could promote histone acetylation by inhibiting histone deacetylases, it may also undergo oxidation to acetyl-CoA, a necessary cofactor for histone acetyltransferases. Here, we find that epithelial cells from germ-free mice harbor a loss of histone H4 acetylation across the genome except at promoter regions. Using stable isotope tracing in vivo with 13C-labeled fiber, we demonstrate that the microbiota supplies carbon for histone acetylation. Subsequent metabolomic profiling revealed hundreds of labeled molecules and supported a microbial contribution to host fatty acid metabolism, which declined in response to colitis and correlated with reduced expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation. These results illuminate the flow of carbon from the diet to the host via the microbiota, disruptions to which may affect energy homeostasis in the distal gut and contribute to the development of colitis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lund, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gates, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leboeuf, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chau, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedman, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopes, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saiman, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petucci, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allis, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.05.450926</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stable Isotope Tracing In Vivo Reveals A Metabolic Bridge Linking The Microbiota To Host Histone Acetylation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.06.451378v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
KSTAR: An algorithm to predict patient-specific kinase activities from phosphoproteomic data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.06.451378v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Kinase inhibitors are one of the largest classes of FDA-approved drugs and are major targets in oncology. Although kinase inhibitors have played an important role in improving cancer outcomes, major challenges still exist, including the development of resistance and failure to respond to treatments. Improvements for tumor profiling of kinase activity would be an important step in improving treatment outcomes and identifying effective kinase targets. Here, we present a graph- and statistics-based algorithm, called KSTAR, which harnesses the phosphoproteomic profiling of human cells and tissues by predicting kinase activity profiles from the observed phosphorylation of kinase substrates. The algorithm is based on the hypothesis that the more active a kinase is, the more of its substrates will be observed in a phosphoproteomic experiment. This method is error- and bias-aware in its approach, overcoming challenges presented by the variability of phosphoproteomic pipelines, limited information about kinase-substrate relationships, and limitations of global kinase-substrate predictions, such as training set bias and high overlap between predicted kinase networks. We demonstrate that the predicted kinase activities: 1) reproduce physiologically-relevant expectations and generates novel hypotheses within cell-specific experiments, 2) improve the ability to compare phosphoproteomic samples on the same tissues from different labs, and 3) identify tissue-specific kinase profiles. Global benchmarking and comparison to other algorithms demonstrates that KSTAR is particularly superior for predicting tyrosine kinase activities and, given its focus on utilizing more of the available phosphoproteomic data, significantly less sensitive to study bias. Finally, we apply the approach to complex human tissue biopsies in breast cancer, where we find that KSTAR activity predictions complement current clinical standards for identifying HER2-status - KSTAR can identify clinical false positives, patients who will fail to respond to inhibitor therapy, and clinically defined HER2-negative patients that might benefit from HER2-targeted therapy. KSTAR will be useful for both basic biological understanding of signaling networks and for improving clinical outcomes through improved clinical trial design, identification of new and/or combination therapies, and for identifying the failure to respond to targeted kinase therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Crowl, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jordan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naegle, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.06.451378</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[KSTAR: An algorithm to predict patient-specific kinase activities from phosphoproteomic data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.07.451180v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-throughput functional analysis of CFTR and other apically localized channels in iPSC derived intestinal organoids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.07.451180v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) can be differentiated into epithelial organoids that recapitulate the relevant context for CFTR and enable testing of therapies targeting Cystic Fibrosis (CF)-causing mutant proteins. However, to date, CF-iPSC-derived organoids have only been used to study pharmacological modulation of mutant CFTR channel activity and not the activity of other disease relevant membrane protein constituents. In the current work, we describe a high-throughput, fluorescence-based assay of CFTR channel activity in iPSC-derived intestinal organoids and describe how this method can be adapted to study other apical membrane proteins. In these proof-of-concept studies, we show how this fluorescence-based assay of apical membrane potential can be employed to study CFTR and ENaC channels and an electrogenic acid transporter in the same iPSC-derived intestinal tissue. This multiparameter phenotypic platform promises to expand CF therapy discovery to include strategies to target multiple determinants of epithelial fluid transport.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bozoky, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laselva, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiPaola, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmadi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, J. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pitstick, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rotin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayhew, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, N. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bear, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.07.451180</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-throughput functional analysis of CFTR and other apically localized channels in iPSC derived intestinal organoids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.09.451777v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Connectome-based Modeling of Mnemonic Discrimination in Younger and Older Adults 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.09.451777v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ability to distinguish existing memories from similar perceptual experiences is a core feature of episodic memory. This ability is often examined using the Mnemonic Similarity Task in which people discriminate memories of studied objects from perceptually similar lures. Studies of the neural basis of such mnemonic discrimination have mostly focused on hippocampal function and connectivity. However, default mode network (DMN) connectivity may also support such discrimination, given that the DMN includes the hippocampus, and its connectivity supports many aspects of episodic memory. Here, we used connectome-based predictive modeling to identify associations between intrinsic DMN connectivity and mnemonic discrimination. We leveraged a wide range of abilities across healthy younger and older adults to facilitate this predictive approach. Resting-state functional connectivity in the DMN predicted mnemonic discrimination outside the MRI scanner, especially among prefrontal and temporal regions and including several hippocampal regions. This predictive relationship was stronger for younger than older adults, primarily for temporalprefrontal connectivity. The novel associations established here are consistent with mounting evidence that broader cortical networks including the hippocampus support mnemonic discrimination. They also suggest that age-related network disruptions undermine the extent that the DMN supports this ability. This study provides the first indication of how intrinsic functional properties of the DMN support mnemonic discrimination.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wahlheim, C. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christensen, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reagh, Z. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cassidy, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.09.451777</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Connectome-based Modeling of Mnemonic Discrimination in Younger and Older Adults]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.16.452689v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neurotoxins subvert the allosteric activation mechanism of SARM1 to induce neuronal loss 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.16.452689v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SARM1 is an inducible TIR-domain NAD+ hydrolase that mediates pathological axon degeneration. SARM1 is activated by an increased ratio of NMN to NAD+, which competes for binding to an allosteric activating site. When NMN binds, the TIR domain is released from autoinhibition, activating its NAD+ hydrolase activity. The discovery of this allosteric activating site led us to hypothesize that other NAD+-related metabolites might also activate SARM1. Here we show that the nicotinamide analogue 3-acetylpyridine (3-AP), first identified as a neurotoxin in the 1940s, is converted to 3-APMN which activates SARM1 and induces SARM1-dependent NAD+ depletion, axon degeneration and neuronal death. Systemic treatment with 3-AP causes rapid SARM1-dependent death, while local application to peripheral nerve induces SARM1-dependent axon degeneration. We also identify a related pyridine derivative, 2-aminopyridine, as another SARM1-dependent neurotoxin. These findings identify SARM1 as a candidate mediator of environmental neurotoxicity, and furthermore, suggest that SARM1 agonists could be developed into selective agents for neurolytic therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strickland, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ko, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasaki, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dingwall, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamada, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figley, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neiner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bloom, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiAntonio, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milbrandt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.16.452689</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neurotoxins subvert the allosteric activation mechanism of SARM1 to induce neuronal loss]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.19.452784v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Connectivity and dynamics in the olfactory bulb 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.19.452784v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dendrodendritic interactions between excitatory mitral cells and inhibitory granule cells in the olfactory bulb create a dense interaction network, reorganizing sensory representations of odors and, consequently, perception. Large-scale computational models are needed for revealing how the collective behavior of this network emerges from its global architecture. We propose an approach where we summarize anatomical information through dendritic geometry and density distributions which we use to calculate the probability of synapse between mitral and granule cells, while capturing activity patterns of each cell type in the neural dynamical systems theory of Izhikevich. In this way, we generate an efficient, anatomically and physiologically realistic large-scale model of the olfactory bulb network. Our model reproduces known connectivity between sister vs. non-sister mitral cells; measured patterns of lateral inhibition; and theta, beta, and gamma oscillations. It in turn predicts testable relations between network structure, lateral inhibition, and odor pattern decorrelation; between the density of granule cell activity and LFP oscillation frequency; how cortical feedback to granule cells affects mitral cell activity; and how cortical feedback to mitral cells is modulated by the network embedding. Additionally, the methodology we describe here provides a tractable tool for other researchers.

Author summaryThe function of the olfactory bulb (OB) critically depends on connectivity patterns between its excitatory and inhibitory cells. Here, we develop an anatomically grounded algorithm for efficiently determining the probability of synapses between mitral cells and granule cells in the OB. We use this algorithm to generate a large-scale network model of the OB with characteristic connectivity distributions between cell types, as well as between sister mitral cells. We simulate the network using the dynamical systems approach of Izhikevich for describing neurons, and show how network structure affects GC-mediated processes, including LFP oscillation frequency, lateral inhibition, odor decorrelation, and cortical feedback. Our results suggest how alterations to the OB network through processes like neurogenesis, or via injury or disease, can have significant effects on function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kersen, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tavoni, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balasubramanian, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.19.452784</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Connectivity and dynamics in the olfactory bulb]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.21.453285v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Drop, Swap, and Generate: A Self-Supervised Approach for Generating Neural Activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.21.453285v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Meaningful and simplified representations of neural activity can yield insights into how and what information is being processed within a neural circuit. However, without labels, finding representations that reveal the link between the brain and behavior can be challenging. Here, we introduce a novel unsupervised approach for learning disentangled representations of neural activity called Swap-VAE. Our approach combines a generative modeling framework with an instance-specific alignment loss that tries to maximize the representational similarity between transformed views of the input (brain state). These transformed (or augmented) views are created by dropping out neurons and jittering samples in time, which intuitively should lead the network to a representation that maintains both temporal consistency and invariance to the specific neurons used to represent the neural state. Through evaluations on both synthetic data and neural recordings from hundreds of neurons in different primate brains, we show that it is possible to build representations that disentangle neural datasets along relevant latent dimensions linked tso behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azabou, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dabagia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azar, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hengen, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valko, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dyer, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.21.453285</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Drop, Swap, and Generate: A Self-Supervised Approach for Generating Neural Activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.23.453393v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mesalamine Reduces Intestinal ACE2 Expression Without Modifying SARS-CoV-2 Infection or Disease Severity in Mice. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.23.453393v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionCoronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing public health crisis that has sickened or precipitated death in millions. The etiologic agent of COVID-19, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), infects the intestinal epithelium, and can induce GI symptoms similar to the human inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). An international surveillance epidemiology study (SECURE-IBD) reported that the standardized mortality ratio trends higher in IBD patients (1.5-1.8) and that mesalamine/sulfasalazine therapy correlates with poor outcome. The goal of our study was to experimentally address the relationship between mesalamine and SARS-CoV-2 entry, replication, and/or pathogenesis.

MethodsViral infection was performed with a chimeric vesicular stomatitis virus expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and EGFP (VSV-SARS-CoV-2) and SARS-CoV-2 virus derived from an infectious cDNA clone of 2019n-CoV/USA_WA1/2020. Primary human ileal spheroids derived from healthy donors were grown as 3D spheroids or on 2D transwells. We assessed the effect of 10 mM mesalamine (Millipore Sigma) on viral RNA levels, as well as the expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor angiotensin II-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), Transmembrane Serine Protease 2 (TMPRSS2), TMPRSS4, Cathepsin B (CTSB) and CTSL by qRT-PCR. 8-12 week old K18-ACE2 were treated orally with PBS or mesalamine at 200 mg/kg daily. Mice were inoculated intranasally with 1x103 FFU of SARS-CoV-2. Mice were weighed daily and viral titers were determined 7 days post infection (dpi) by qRT-PCR. For the intestinal viral entry model, VSV-SARS-CoV-2 was injected into a ligated intestinal loop of anesthetized K18-ACE2 mice and tissues were harvested 6 hours post-infection.

ResultsWe found no change in viral RNA levels in human intestinal epithelial cells in response to mesalamine. Expression of ACE2 was reduced following mesalamine treatment in enteroids, while CTSL expression was increased. Mice receiving mesalamine lost weight at similar rates compared to mice receiving vehicle control. Mesalamine treatment did not change viral load in the lung, heart, or intestinal tissues harvested at 7 dpi. Pretreatment with mesalamine did not modulate intestinal entry of the chimeric VSV-SARS-CoV-2 in K18-ACE2 mice.

ConclusionsMesalamine did not alter viral entry, replication, or pathogenesis in vitro or in mouse models. Mesalamine treatment reduced expression of the viral receptor ACE2 while concurrently increasing CTSL expression in human ileum organoids.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alvarado, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Son, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thackray, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamond, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ciorba, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Washington University IBD Investigators Group,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.23.453393</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mesalamine Reduces Intestinal ACE2 Expression Without Modifying SARS-CoV-2 Infection or Disease Severity in Mice.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.26.453874v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Understanding SARS-CoV-2 budding through molecular dynamics simulations of M and E protein complexes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.26.453874v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses pose major threats to global health, yet computational efforts to understand them have largely overlooked the process of budding, a key part of the coronavirus life cycle. When expressed together, coronavirus M and E proteins are sufficient to facilitate budding into the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC). To help elucidate budding, we ran atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using the Feig laboratorys refined structural models of the SARS-CoV-2 M protein dimer and E protein pentamer. Our MD simulations consisted of M protein dimers and E protein pentamers in patches of membrane. By examining where these proteins induced membrane curvature in silico, we obtained insights around how the budding process may occur. Multiple M protein dimers acted together to induce global membrane curvature through protein-lipid interactions while E protein pentamers kept the membrane planar. These results could eventually help guide development of antiviral therapeutics which inhibit coronavirus budding.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Collins, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elkholy, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mubin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ezike, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singhal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.26.453874</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Understanding SARS-CoV-2 budding through molecular dynamics simulations of M and E protein complexes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.27.454087v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Increased risk of thrombocytopenia and death in patients with bacteremia caused by high alpha toxin-producing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.27.454087v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundAlpha toxin (Hla) is a major virulence factor of Staphylococcus aureus that targets platelets but clinical data on Hla pathogenesis in bacteremia (SAB) is limited.

ObjectiveWe examined the link between in vitro Hla activity and outcome.

MethodsStudy isolates obtained from 100 patients with SAB (50 survivors; 50 non-survivors) were assessed for in vitro Hla production and activity by Western immunoblotting and hemolysis assay, respectively. Relevant demographics, laboratory and clinical data were extracted from patients medical records to correlate Hla activity of the infecting isolates with outcome.

ResultsHla production strongly correlated with hemolytic activity (rs=0.93) in vitro. A trend towards higher hemolytic activity was observed for MRSA compared to MSSA and with high-risk source infection. Significantly higher hemolytic activity was noted for MRSA strains isolated from patients who developed thrombocytopenia (median 52.48 vs 16.55 HU/ml in normal platelet count, p=0.012) and from non survivors (median 30.96 vs 14.87 HU/ml in survivors, p= 0.014) but hemolytic activity of MSSA strains did not differ between patient groups.

ConclusionsIn vitro Hla activity of S. aureus strains obtained from patients with bacteremia may be used to predict risk for thrombocytopenia and death which supports bedside phenotyping and therapeutic targeting in the future.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alhurayri, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porter, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Douglas-Louis, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minejima, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bubeck Wardenburg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong-Beringer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.27.454087</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Increased risk of thrombocytopenia and death in patients with bacteremia caused by high alpha toxin-producing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.29.453595v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Internet of Things Architecture for High Throughput Biology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.29.453595v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Internet of Things (IoT) provides a simple framework to easily control online devices. IoT is now a commonplace tool used by technology companies, but it is rarely used in biology experiments. IoT can benefit research through alarm notifications, automation, and the real-time monitoring of experiments. We developed and implemented an IoT architecture to control biological devices used in experiments. We developed our own electrophysiology, microscopy, and microfluidic devices so that may be controlled through a unified IoT architecture. The system allows each device to be monitored and controlled through an online web tool. We present our IoT architecture so other labs may replicate it for their own experiments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Parks, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voitiuk, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elliott, M. A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keefe, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robbins, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baudin, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ly, V. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawthorne, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yong, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanso, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rezaee, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sevetson, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seiler, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Currie, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hengen, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nowakowski, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salama, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teodorescu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haussler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.29.453595</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Internet of Things Architecture for High Throughput Biology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.02.454803v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Uncertainty quantification in subject-specific estimation of local vessel mechanical properties 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.02.454803v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Quantitative estimation of local mechanical properties remains critically important in the ongoing effort to elucidate how blood vessels establish, maintain, or lose mechanical homeostasis. Recent advances based on panoramic digital image correlation (pDIC) have made high-fidelity 3D reconstructions of small-animal (e.g., murine) vessels possible when imaged in a variety of quasi-statically loaded configurations. While we have previously developed and validated inverse modeling approaches to translate pDIC-measured surface deformations into biomechanical metrics of interest, our workflow did not heretofore include a methodology to quantify uncertainties associated with local point estimates of mechanical properties. This limitation has compromised our ability to infer biomechanical properties on a subject-specific basis, such as whether stiffness differs significantly between multiple material locations on the same vessel or whether stiffness differs significantly between multiple vessels at a corresponding material location. In the present study, we have integrated a novel uncertainty quantification and propagation pipeline within our inverse modeling approach, relying on empirical and analytic Bayesian techniques. To demonstrate the approach, we present illustrative results for the ascending thoracic aorta from three mouse models, quantifying uncertainties in constitutive model parameters as well as circumferential and axial tangent stiffness. Our extended workflow not only allows parameter uncertainties to be systematically reported, but also facilitates both subject-specific and group-level statistical analyses of the mechanics of the vessel wall.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rego, B. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiss, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bersi, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humphrey, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.02.454803</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Uncertainty quantification in subject-specific estimation of local vessel mechanical properties]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.03.454066v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single Cell Atlas of Human Dura Reveals Cellular Meningeal Landscape and Insights into Meningioma Immune Response 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.03.454066v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent investigation of the meninges, specifically the dura layer, has highlighted its importance in CNS immune surveillance beyond a purely structural role. However, most of our understanding of the meninges stems from the use of pre-clinical models rather than human samples. In this study, we use single cell RNA-sequencing to perform the first characterization of both non-tumor-associated human dura and meningioma samples. First, we reveal a complex immune microenvironment in human dura that is transcriptionally distinct from that of meningioma. In addition, through T cell receptor sequencing, we show significant TCR overlap between matched dura and meningioma samples. We also identify a functionally heterogeneous population of non-immune cell types and report copy-number variant heterogeneity within our meningioma samples. Our comprehensive investigation of both the immune and non-immune cell landscapes of human dura and meningioma at a single cell resolution provide new insight into previously uncharacterized roles of human dura.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, A. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman-Kirigin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desai, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bender, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marlin, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osbun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leuthardt, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chicoine, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dacey, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zipfel, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petti, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunn, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.03.454066</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single Cell Atlas of Human Dura Reveals Cellular Meningeal Landscape and Insights into Meningioma Immune Response]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.03.454958v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Principles of sensor-effector organization in six-transmembrane ion channels 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.03.454958v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Receptor proteins sense stimuli and generate downstream signals via sensor and effector domains. Presently, the structural constraints on sensor-effector organization across receptor protein superfamilies are not clear. Here, we perform statistical coupling analysis (SCA) on the transient receptor potential (TRP) and voltage-gated potassium (Kv) ion channel superfamilies to characterize the networks of coevolving residues, or protein sectors, that mediate their receptor functions. Comparisons to structural and functional studies reveal a conserved "core" sector that extends from the pore and mediates effector functions, including pore gating and sensor-pore coupling, while sensors correspond to family-specific "accessory" sectors and localize according to three principles: Sensors (1) may emerge in any region with access to the core, (2) must maintain contact with the core, and (3) must preserve the integrity of the core. This sensor-core architecture may represent a conserved and generalizable paradigm for the structure-function relationships underlying the evolution of receptor proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dou, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaydman, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jegla, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.03.454958</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Principles of sensor-effector organization in six-transmembrane ion channels]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.05.455310v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural manifolds for odor-driven innate and acquired appetitive preferences 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.05.455310v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sensory stimuli evoke spiking neural responses that innately or after learning drive suitable behavioral outputs. How are these spiking activities intrinsically patterned to encode for innate preferences, and could the neural response organization impose constraints on learning? We examined this issue in the locust olfactory system. Using a diverse odor panel, we found that ensemble activities both during ( ON response) and after stimulus presentations ( OFF response) could be linearly mapped onto overall appetitive preference indices. Although diverse, ON and OFF response patterns generated by innately appetitive odorants were still limited to a low-dimensional subspace (a  neural manifold). Similarly, innately non-appetitive odorants evoked responses that were separable yet confined to another neural manifold. Notably, only odorants that evoked neural response excursions in the appetitive manifold were conducive for learning. In sum, these results provide insights on how encoding for innate preferences can also set limits on associative learning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chandak, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.05.455310</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural manifolds for odor-driven innate and acquired appetitive preferences]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.06.455469v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Recombinant NAGLU-IGF2 prevents physical and neurological disease and improves survival in Sanfilippo B syndrome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.06.455469v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recombinant human alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase-insulin-like growth factor-2 (rhNAGLU-IGF2) is an investigational enzyme replacement therapy for Sanfilippo B, a lysosomal storage disease. Because recombinant human NAGLU (rhNAGLU) is poorly mannose 6-phosphorylated, we generated a fusion protein of NAGLU with IGF2 to permit its binding to the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor. We previously administered rhNAGLU-IGF2 intracerebroventricularly to Sanfilippo B mice, and demonstrated therapeutic restoration of NAGLU, normalization of lysosomal storage, and improvement in markers of neurodegeneration and inflammation. Here, we studied repeated intracerebroventricular rhNAGLU-IGF2 delivery in both murine and canine Sanfilippo B to determine potential effects on their behavioral phenotypes and survival. Treated mice showed improvement in disease markers such as heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans, beta-hexosaminidase, microglial activation, and lysosomal-associated membrane protein-1. Sanfilippo B mice treated with rhNAGLU-IGF2 displayed partial normalization of their stretch attend postures, a defined fear pose in mice (p<0.001). We found an improved rotarod performance in Sanfilippo B mice treated with rhNAGLU-IGF2 compared to vehicle-treated Sanfilippo B mice (p=0.002). We also found a 61% increase in survival in Sanfilippo B mice treated with rhNAGLU-IGF2 (mean 53w, median 48w) compared to vehicle-treated Sanfilippo B mice (mean 33w, median 37w; p<0.001). In canine Sanfilippo B, we found that rhNAGLU-IGF2 administered into cerebrospinal fluid normalized HS and beta-hexosaminidase activity in gray and white matter brain regions. Proteomic analysis of cerebral cortex showed restoration of protein expression levels in pathways relevant to cognitive, synaptic, and lysosomal functions. These data suggest that treatment with rhNAGLU-IGF2 may improve the phenotype of Sanfilippo B disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Le, S. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kan, S.-h.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nunez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dearborn, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LI, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snella, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jens, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valentine, B. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelvagal, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorensen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chou, T.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellinwood, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sands, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickson, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.06.455469</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Recombinant NAGLU-IGF2 prevents physical and neurological disease and improves survival in Sanfilippo B syndrome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.08.455570v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transmit Field Bias Correction of T1w/T2w Myelin Maps 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.08.455570v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
T1-weighted divided by T2-weighted (T1w/T2w) myelin maps were initially developed for neuroanatomical analyses such as identifying cortical areas, but they are increasingly used in statistical comparisons across individuals and groups with other variables of interest. Existing T1w/T2w myelin maps contain radiofrequency transmit field (B1+) biases, which may be correlated with these variables of interest, leading to potentially spurious results. Here we propose two empirical methods for correcting these transmit field biases using either explicit measures of the transmit field or alternatively a  pseudo-transmit approach that is highly correlated with the transmit field at 3T. We find that the resulting corrected T1w/T2w myelin maps are both better neuroanatomical measures (e.g., for use in cross-species comparisons), and more appropriate for statistical comparisons of relative T1w/T2w differences across individuals and groups (e.g., sex, age, or body-mass-index) within a consistently acquired study at 3T. We recommend that investigators who use the T1w/T2w approach for mapping cortical myelin use these B1+ transmit field corrected myelin maps going forward.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Glasser, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coalson, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harms, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baum, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Autio, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Auerbach, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greve, D. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yacoub, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Essen, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bock, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayashi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.08.455570</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transmit Field Bias Correction of T1w/T2w Myelin Maps]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.09.455663v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intrinsically disordered pathogen effector alters the STAT1 dimer to prevent recruitment of co-transcriptional activators CBP/p300 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.09.455663v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STATs) proteins signal from cell-surface receptors to drive transcription of immune response genes. The parasite Toxoplasma gondii blocks STAT1-mediated gene expression by secreting the intrinsically disordered protein TgIST that traffics to the host nucleus, binds phosphorylated STAT1 dimers, and occupies nascent transcription sites that unexpectantly remain silenced. Here we define a core repeat region within internal repeats of TgIST that is necessary and sufficient to block STAT1-mediated gene expression. Cellular, biochemical, mutational, and structural studies demonstrate that the repeat region of TgIST adopts a helical conformation upon binding to STAT1 dimers. The binding interface is defined by a groove formed from two loops in the STAT1 SH2 domains that reorient during dimerization. TgIST binding to this newly exposed site at the STAT1 dimer interface altered its conformation and prevented recruitment of co-transcriptional activators, thus defining the mechanism of blocked transcription.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nix, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knoverek, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amarasinghe, G. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sibley, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.09.455663</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intrinsically disordered pathogen effector alters the STAT1 dimer to prevent recruitment of co-transcriptional activators CBP/p300]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.09.455668v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
isotracer: An R package for the analysis of tracer addition experiments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.09.455668v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LITracer addition experiments, particularly using isotopic tracers, are becoming increasingly important in a variety of studies aiming at characterizing the flows of molecules or nutrients at different levels of biological organization, from the cellular and tissue levels, to the organismal and ecosystem levels.
C_LIO_LIWe present an approach based on Hidden Markov Models (HMM) to estimate nutrient flow parameters across a network, and its implementation in the R package isotracer.
C_LIO_LIThe isotracer package is capable of handling a variety of tracer study designs, including continuous tracer drips, pulse experiments, and pulse-chase experiments. It can also take into account tracer decay when radioactive isotopes are used.
C_LIO_LITo illustrate its use, we present three case studies based on published data and spanning different levels of biological organization: a molecular-level study of protein synthesis and degradation in Arabidopsis thaliana, an organismal-level study of phosphorus incorporation in the eelgrass Zostera marina, and an ecosystem-level study of nitrogen dynamics in Trinidadian montane streams.
C_LIO_LIWith these case studies, we illustrate how isotracer can be used to estimate uptake rates, turnover rates, and total flows, as well as their uncertainty. We also show how to perform model selection to compare alternative hypotheses.
C_LIO_LIWe conclude by discussing isotracers further applications, limitations, and possible future improvements and expansions.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bruneaux, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Sepulcre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.09.455668</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[isotracer: An R package for the analysis of tracer addition experiments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.11.455969v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sulfonylureas target the neurovascular response to decrease Alzheimer's pathology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.11.455969v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hyperexcitability is a defining feature of Alzheimers disease (AD), where aberrant neuronal activity is both a cause and consequence of AD. Therefore, identifying novel targets that modulate cellular excitability is an important strategy for treating AD. ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels are metabolic sensors that modulate cellular excitability. Sulfonylureas are KATP channel antagonists traditionally used to combat hyperglycemia in diabetic patients by inhibiting pancreatic KATP channels, thereby stimulating insulin release. However, KATP channels are not limited to the pancreas and systemic modulation of KATP channels has pleotropic physiological effects, including profound effects on vascular function. Here, we demonstrate that human AD patients have higher cortical expression of vascular KATP channels, important modulators of vasoreactivity. We demonstrate that peripheral treatment with the sulfonylurea and KATP channel inhibitor, glyburide, reduced the aggregation and activity-dependent production of amyloid-beta (A{beta}), a hallmark of AD, in mice. Since glyburide does not readily cross the blood brain barrier, our data suggests that glyburide targets vascular KATP channel activity to reduce arterial stiffness, improve vasoreactivity, and normalize pericyte-endothelial cell morphology, offering a novel therapeutic target for AD.

Graphical abstractTargeting vascular KATP channel activity for the treatment of Alzheimers disease pathology.

O_FIG_DISPLAY_L [Figure 1] M_FIG_DISPLAY C_FIG_DISPLAY
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Macauley, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stanley, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caesar, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moritz, W. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bice, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cruz-Diaz, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carroll, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Day, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grizzanti, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahan, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snipes, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orr, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Culver, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Remedi, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nichols, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karch, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cox, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diz, D. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bauer, A. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holtzman, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.11.455969</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sulfonylureas target the neurovascular response to decrease Alzheimer's pathology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.13.456308v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural transitions in the GTP cap visualized by cryo-EM of catalytically inactive microtubules 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.13.456308v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microtubules (MTs) are polymers of /{beta}-tubulin heterodimers that stochastically switch between growth and shrinkage phases. This dynamic instability is critically important for MT function. It is believed that GTP hydrolysis within the MT lattice is accompanied by destabilizing conformational changes, and that MT stability depends on a transiently existing GTP cap at the growing MT end. Here we use cryo-EM and TIRF microscopy of GTP hydrolysis-deficient MTs assembled from mutant recombinant human tubulin to investigate the structure of a GTP-bound MT lattice. We find that the GTP-MT lattice of two mutants in which the catalytically active glutamate in -tubulin was substituted by inactive amino acids (E254A and E254N) is remarkably plastic. Undecorated E254A and E254N MTs with 13 protofilaments both have an expanded lattice, but display opposite protofilament twists, making these lattices distinct from the compacted lattice of wildtype GDP-MTs. End binding proteins of the EB family have the ability to compact both mutant GTP-lattices and to stabilize a negative twist, suggesting that they promote this transition also in the GTP cap of wildtype MTs, thereby contributing to the maturation of the MT structure. We also find that the MT seam appears to be stabilized in mutant GTP-MTs and destabilized in GDP-MTs, supporting the proposal that the seam plays an important role in MT stability. Together, these first high-resolution structures of truly GTP-bound MTs add mechanistic insight to our understanding of MT dynamic instability.

Significance StatementMicrotubules (MTs) are non-equilibrium polymers that switch between states of growth and shrinkage. This property is critical for their function and is a consequence of GTP hydrolysis in the MT. The structure of the stable GTP part of the MT (the GTP cap) has previously been inferred from MTs polymerized with non-hydrolyzable GTP analogs. Here, we report the first high-resolution structures of MTs truly containing GTP, polymerized from mutated, hydrolysis-deficient tubulins. We find that GTP-MTs have an "expanded lattice" and a "closed seam", structural characteristics possibly responsible for stabilizing the GTP cap. These results provide new insight into the structural transitions at growing MT ends, furthering our understanding of the bistable nature of MTs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>LaFrance, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roostalu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henkin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greber, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Normanno, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCollum, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Surrey, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nogales, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.13.456308</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural transitions in the GTP cap visualized by cryo-EM of catalytically inactive microtubules]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.16.456555v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular Swiss Army Knives: Tardigrade CAHS Proteins Mediate Desiccation Tolerance Through Multiple Mechanisms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.16.456555v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tardigrades, also known as water bears, make up a phylum of small but extremely hardy animals, renowned for their ability to survive extreme stresses, including desiccation. How tardigrades survive desiccation is one of the enduring mysteries of animal physiology. Here we show that CAHS D, an intrinsically disordered protein belonging to a unique family of proteins possessed only by tardigrades, undergoes a liquid-to-gel phase transition in a concentration dependent manner. Unlike other gelling proteins, such as gelatin, our data support a mechanism in which gel formation of CAHS D is driven by intermolecular {beta}-{beta} interactions. We find that gel formation corresponds with strong coordination of water and slowing of water diffusion. The degree of water coordination correlates with the ability of CAHS D to protect lactate dehydrogenase from unfolding when dried. This implies that the mechanism for unfolding protection can be attributed to a combination of hydration and slowed molecular motion. Conversely, rapid diffusion leading to efficient molecular shielding appears to be the predominant mechanism preventing protein aggregation. Our study demonstrates that distinct mechanisms are required for holistic protection during desiccation, and that protectants, such as CAHS D, can act as molecular  Swiss Army Knives capable of providing protection through several different mechanisms simultaneously.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hesgrove, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biswas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Childs, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>KC, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medina, B. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarado, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sukenik, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malferrari, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Francia, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venturoli, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boothby, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.16.456555</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular Swiss Army Knives: Tardigrade CAHS Proteins Mediate Desiccation Tolerance Through Multiple Mechanisms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.17.456650v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Test of the Pioneer Factor Hypothesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.17.456650v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Pioneer Factor Hypothesis (PFH) states that pioneer factors (PFs) are a subclass of transcription factors (TFs) that bind to and open inaccessible sites and then recruit non-pioneer factors (nonPFs) that activate batteries of silent genes. We tested the PFH by expressing the endodermal PF FoxA1 and nonPF Hnf4a in K562 lymphoblast cells. While co-expression of FoxA1 and Hnf4a activated a burst of endoderm-specific gene expression, we found no evidence for functional distinction between these two TFs. When expressed independently, both TFs bound and opened inaccessible sites, activated endodermal genes, and "pioneered" for each other, although FoxA1 required fewer copies of its motif to bind at inaccessible sites. A subset of targets required both TFs, but the mode of action at these targets did not conform to the sequential activity predicted by the PFH. From these results we propose an alternative to the PFH where "pioneer activity" depends not on the existence of discrete TF subclasses, but on TF binding affinity and genomic context.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hansen, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.17.456650</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Test of the Pioneer Factor Hypothesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.19.456831v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Uncovering non-random sequence patterns within intrinsically disordered proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.19.456831v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sequence-ensemble relationships of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are governed by binary patterns such as the linear clustering or mixing of specific residues or residue types with respect to one another. To enable the discovery of potentially important, shared patterns across sequence families, we describe a computational method referred to as NARDINI for Non-random Arrangement of Residues in Disordered Regions Inferred using Numerical Intermixing. This work was partially motivated by the observation that parameters that are currently in use for describing different binary patterns are not interoperable across IDPs of different amino acid compositions and lengths. In NARDINI, we generate an ensemble of scrambled sequences to set up a composition-specific null model for the patterning parameters of interest. We then compute a series of pattern-specific z-scores to quantify how each pattern deviates from a null model for the IDP of interest. The z-scores help in identifying putative non-random linear sequence patterns within an IDP. We demonstrate the use of NARDINI derived z-scores by identifying sequence patterns in three well-studied IDP systems. We also demonstrate how NARDINI can be deployed to study archetypal IDPs across homologs and orthologs. Overall, NARDINI is likely to aid in designing novel IDPs with a view toward engineering new sequence-function relationships or uncovering cryptic ones. We further propose that the z-scores introduced here are likely to be useful for theoretical and computational descriptions of sequence-ensemble relationships across IDPs of different compositions and lengths.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cohan, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shinn, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lalmansingh, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.19.456831</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Uncovering non-random sequence patterns within intrinsically disordered proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.20.457073v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sequence grammar underlying unfolding and phase separation of globular proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.20.457073v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aberrant phase separation of globular proteins is associated with many diseases. Here, we use a model protein system to understand how unfolded states of globular proteins drive phase separation and the formation of unfolded protein deposits (UPODs). For UPODs to form, the concentrations of unfolded molecules must be above a threshold value. Additionally, unfolded molecules must possess appropriate sequence grammars to drive phase separation. While UPODs recruit molecular chaperones, their compositional profiles are also influenced by synergistic physicochemical interactions governed by the sequence grammars of unfolded proteins and sequence features of cellular proteins. Overall, we find that the driving forces for phase separation and the compositional profiles of UPODs are governed by the sequence grammar of unfolded proteins. Our studies highlight the need for uncovering the sequence grammars of unfolded proteins that drive UPOD formation and lead to gain-of-function interactions whereby proteins are aberrantly recruited into UPODs.

HighlightsO_LIUnfolded states of globular proteins phase separate to form UPODs in cells
C_LIO_LIThe fraction of unfolded molecules and the sticker grammar govern phase separation
C_LIO_LIHydrophobic residues act as stickers that engage in intermolecular interactions
C_LIO_LISticker grammar also influences gain-of-function recruitment into aberrant UPODs
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ruff, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, Y. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cox, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ormsby, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myung, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ascher, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radford, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatters, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.20.457073</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sequence grammar underlying unfolding and phase separation of globular proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.24.457522v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TopoRoot: A method for computing hierarchy and fine-grained traits of maize roots from X-ray CT images 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.24.457522v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Background3D imaging, such as X-ray CT and MRI, has been widely deployed to study plant root structures. Many computational tools exist to extract coarse-grained features from 3D root images, such as total volume, root number and total root length. However, methods that can accurately and efficiently compute fine-grained root traits, such as root number and geometry at each hierarchy level, are still lacking. These traits would allow biologists to gain deeper insights into the root system architecture (RSA).

ResultsWe present TopoRoot, a high-throughput computational method that computes fine-grained architectural traits from 3D X-ray CT images of field-excavated maize root crowns. These traits include the number, length, thickness, angle, tortuosity, and number of children for the roots at each level of the hierarchy. TopoRoot combines state-of-the-art algorithms in computer graphics, such as topological simplification and geometric skeletonization, with customized heuristics for robustly obtaining the branching structure and hierarchical information. TopoRoot is validated on both real and simulated root images, and in both cases it was shown to improve the accuracy of traits over existing methods. We also demonstrate TopoRoot in differentiating a maize root mutant from its wild type segregant using fine-grained traits. TopoRoot runs within a few minutes on a desktop workstation for volumes at the resolution range of 400^3, without need for human intervention.

ConclusionsTopoRoot improves the state-of-the-art methods in obtaining more accurate and comprehensive fine-grained traits of maize roots from 3D CT images. The automation and efficiency makes TopoRoot suitable for batch processing on a large number of root images. Our method is thus useful for phenomic studies aimed at finding the genetic basis behind root system architecture and the subsequent development of more productive crops.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zeng, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ju, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schreiber, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chambers, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Letscher, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ju, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Topp, C. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.24.457522</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TopoRoot: A method for computing hierarchy and fine-grained traits of maize roots from X-ray CT images]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.24.457556v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interactions between a mechanosensitive channel and cell wall integrity signaling influence pollen germination in Arabidopsis thaliana 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.24.457556v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cells employ multiple systems to maintain cellular integrity, including mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels and the cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway. Here, we use pollen as a model system to ask how these different mechanisms are interconnected at the cellular level. MscS-Like (MSL)8 is an MS channel required to protect Arabidopsis thaliana pollen from osmotic challenges during in vitro rehydration, germination and tube growth. New CRISPR/Cas9 and artificial microRNA-generated msl8 alleles produced unexpected pollen phenotypes, including the ability to germinate a tube after bursting, dramatic defects in cell wall structure and disorganized callose deposition at the germination site. We document complex genetic interactions between MSL8 and two previously established components of the CWI pathway, MARIS, and ANXUR1/2. Overexpression of MARISR240C-FP suppressed the bursting, germination, and callose deposition phenotypes of msl8 mutant pollen. Null msl8 alleles suppressed the internalized callose structures observed in MARISR240C-FP lines. Similarly, MSL8-YFP overexpression suppressed bursting in the anxur1/2 mutant background, while anxur1/2 alleles reduced the strong rings of callose around ungerminated pollen grains in MSL8-YFP over-expressors. These data show that MS ion channels modulate callose deposition in pollen and provides evidence that cell wall and membrane surveillance systems coordinate in a complex manner to maintain cell integrity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coomey, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensen, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haswell, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.24.457556</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interactions between a mechanosensitive channel and cell wall integrity signaling influence pollen germination in Arabidopsis thaliana]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.30.458295v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Weakly activated core inflammation pathways were identified as a central signaling mechanism contributing to the chronic neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.30.458295v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuro-inflammation signaling has been identified as an important hallmark of Alzheimers disease (AD) in addition to amyloid {beta} plaques (A{beta}) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). However, our knowledge of neuro-inflammation is very limited; and the core signaling pathways associated with neuro-inflammation are missing. From a novel perspective, i.e., investigating weakly activated molecular signals (rather than the strongly activated molecular signals), in this study, we uncovered the core neuro-inflammation signaling pathways in AD. Our novel hypothesis is that weakly activated neuro-inflammation signaling pathways can cause neuro-degeneration in a chronic process; whereas, strongly activated neuro-inflammation often cause acute disease progression like in COVID-19. Using the two large-scale genomics datasets, i.e., Mayo Clinic (77 control and 81 AD samples) and RosMap (97 control and 260 AD samples), our analysis identified 7 categories of signaling pathways implicated on AD and related to virus infection: immune response, x-core signaling, apoptosis, lipid dysfunctional, biosynthesis and metabolism, and mineral absorption signaling pathways. More interestingly, most of genes in the virus infection, immune response and x-core signaling pathways, are associated with inflammation molecular functions. Specifically, the x-core signaling pathways were defined as a group of 9 signaling proteins: MAPK, Rap1, NF-kappa B, HIF-1, PI3K-Akt, Wnt, TGF-beta, Hippo and TNF, which indicated the core neuro-inflammation signaling pathways responding to the low-level and weakly activated inflammation and hypoxia, and leading to the chronic neuro-degeneration. The core neuro-inflammation signaling pathways can be used as novel therapeutic targets for effective AD treatment and prevention.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eteleeb, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchser, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payne, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDade, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karch, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harari, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cruchaga, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.30.458295</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Weakly activated core inflammation pathways were identified as a central signaling mechanism contributing to the chronic neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.31.458420v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantifying charge state heterogeneity for proteins with multiple ionizable residues 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.31.458420v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ionizable residues can release and take up protons and this has an influence on protein structure and function. The extent of protonation is linked to the overall pH of the solution and the local environments of ionizable residues. Binding or unbinding of a single proton generates a distinct charge microstate defined by a specific pattern of charges. Accordingly, the overall partition function is a sum over all charge microstates and Boltzmann weights of all conformations associated with each of the charge microstates. This ensemble-of-ensembles description recast as a q-canonical ensemble allows us to analyze and interpret potentiometric titrations that provide information regarding net charge as a function of pH. In the q-canonical ensemble, charge microstates are grouped into mesostates where each mesostate is a collection of microstates of the same net charge. Here, we show that leveraging the structure of the q-canonical ensemble allows us to decouple contributions of net proton binding and release from proton arrangement and conformational considerations. Through application of the q-canonical formalism to analyze potentiometric measurements of net charge in proteins with repetitive patterns of Lys and Glu residues, we are able to determine the underlying mesostate pKa values and, more importantly, we estimate relative mesostate populations as a function of pH. This is a strength of using the q-canonical approach and cannot be obtained using purely site-specific analyses. Overall, our work shows how measurements of charge equilibria, decoupled from measurements of conformational equilibria, and analyzed using the framework of the q-canonical ensemble, provide protein-specific quantitative descriptions of pH-dependent populations of mesostates. This method is of direct relevance for measuring and understanding how different charge states contribute to conformational, binding, and phase equilibria of proteins.

STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCEThe net charge of a protein in solution is governed by the overall pH as well as context and conformational contexts. Measurements of net charge are accessible via techniques such as potentiometry that quantify the buffering capacity of a protein solution. Here, we use the formal structure of the q-canonical ensemble to identify charge states that are compatible with a measured net charge profile as a function of pH. Our approach highlights how measurements of charge, decoupled from measurements of conformation, can be used to identify the ensembles of charge states that contribute to the overall population for given solution conditions. The methods introduced will be useful for measuring charge states and interpreting these measurements in different contexts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fossat, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Posey, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.31.458420</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantifying charge state heterogeneity for proteins with multiple ionizable residues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.03.458879v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Immunosuppression and Outcomes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.03.458879v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients rarely have long first remissions (> 5 years) after standard-of-care chemotherapy, unless classified as favorable risk at presentation. Identification of the mechanisms responsible for long vs. more typical, short remissions may help to define prognostic determinants for chemotherapy responses. Using exome sequencing, RNA-sequencing and functional immunologic studies, we characterized 28 Normal Karyotype (NK)-AML patients with >5 year first remissions after chemotherapy (Long First Remissions, LFR) and compared them to a well-matched group of 31 NK-AML patients who relapsed within 2 years (Standard First Remissions, SFR). Our combined analyses indicated that genetic risk profiling at presentation (as defined by ELN 2017 Criteria) was not sufficient to explain the outcomes of many SFR cases. Single cell RNA-sequencing studies of 15 AML samples showed that SFR AML cells differentially expressed many genes associated with immune suppression. The bone marrow of SFR cases had significantly fewer CD4+ Th1 cells; these T-cells expressed an exhaustion signature and were resistant to activation by T-cell receptor stimulation in the presence of autologous AML cells. T-cell activation could be restored by removing the AML cells, or blocking the inhibitory MHC Class II receptor, LAG3. Most LFR cases did not display these features, suggesting that their AML cells were not as immunosuppressive. These findings were confirmed and extended in an independent set of 50 AML cases representing all ELN 2017 risk groups. AML cell-mediated suppression of CD4+ T-cell activation at presentation is strongly associated with unfavorable outcomes in AML patients treated with standard chemotherapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ferraro, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christensen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helton, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Laughlin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fronick, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fulton, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kohlschmidt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eisfeld, A.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bloomfield, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramakrishnan, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Day, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wartman, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uy, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welch, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christopher, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heath, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baty, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuelke, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payton, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spencer, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rettig, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Link, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walter, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peter, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiPersio, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ley, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.03.458879</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Immunosuppression and Outcomes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.03.458944v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell perturbation dissects transcription factor control of progression speed and trajectory choice in early T-cell development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.03.458944v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In early T-cell development, single cells dynamically shift expression of multiple transcription factors (TFs) during transition from multipotentiality to T-lineage commitment, but the functional roles of many TFs have been obscure. Here, synchronized in vitro differentiation systems, scRNA-seq with batch indexing, and controlled gene-disruption strategies have unraveled single-cell impacts of perturbing individual TFs at two stages in early T-cell development. Single-cell CRISPR perturbation revealed that early-acting TFs Bcl11a, Erg, Spi1 (PU.1), Gata3, and Tcf7 (TCF1) each play individualized roles promoting or retarding T-lineage progression and suppressing alternative trajectories, collectively determining population dynamics and path topologies. Later, during T-lineage commitment, cells prevented from expressing TF Bcl11b  realized this abnormality not with a developmental block, but by shifting into a divergent path via bZIP and Sox TF activation as well as E protein antagonism, finally exiting the T-lineage trajectory. These TFs thus exert a network of impacts to control progression kinetics, trajectories, and differentiation outcomes of early pro-T cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romero-Wolf, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rothenberg, E. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.03.458944</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell perturbation dissects transcription factor control of progression speed and trajectory choice in early T-cell development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.04.458998v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Over-expression Screen of Interferon-Stimulated Genes Identifies RARRES3 as a Restrictor of Toxoplasma gondii Infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.04.458998v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Toxoplasma gondii is an important human pathogen infecting an estimated 1 in 3 people worldwide. The cytokine interferon gamma (IFN{gamma}) is induced during infection and is critical for restricting T. gondii growth in human cells. Growth restriction is presumed to be due to the induction interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) that are upregulated to protect the host from infection. Although there are hundreds of ISGs induced by IFN{gamma}, their individual roles in restricting parasite growth in human cells remain somewhat elusive. To address this deficiency, we screened a library of 414 IFN{gamma} induced ISGs to identify factors that impact T. gondii infection in human cells. In addition to IRF1, which likely acts through induction of numerous downstream genes, we identified RARRES3 as a single factor that restricts T. gondii infection by inducing premature egress of the parasite in multiple human cell lines. Overall, while we successfully identified a novel IFN{gamma} induced factor restricting T. gondii infection, the limited number of ISGs capable of restricting T. gondii infection when individually expressed suggests that IFN{gamma} mediated immunity to T. gondii infection is a complex, multifactorial process.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rinkenberger, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abrams, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matta, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schoggins, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alto, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sibley, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.04.458998</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Over-expression Screen of Interferon-Stimulated Genes Identifies RARRES3 as a Restrictor of Toxoplasma gondii Infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.10.459810v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deep-Learning-Based Accelerated and Noise-Suppressed Estimation (DANSE) of quantitative Gradient Recalled Echo (qGRE) MRI metrics associated with Human Brain Neuronal Structure and Hemodynamic Properties 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.10.459810v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PurposeTo introduce a Deep-Learning-Based Accelerated and Noise-Suppressed Estimation (DANSE) method for reconstructing quantitative maps of biological tissue cellular-specific, R2t* and hemodynamic-specific, R2' from Gradient-Recalled-Echo (GRE) MRI data with multiple gradient-recalled echoes.

MethodsDANSE method adapts supervised learning paradigm to train a convolutional neural network for robust estimation of R2t* and R2' maps free from the adverse effects of macroscopic (B0) magnetic field inhomogeneities directly from the GRE magnitude images without utilizing phase images. The corresponding ground-truth maps were generated by means of a voxel-by-voxel fitting of a previously-developed biophysical quantitative GRE (qGRE) model accounting for tissue, hemodynamic and B0-inhomogeneities contributions to GRE signal with multiple gradient echoes using nonlinear least square (NLLS) algorithm.

ResultsWe show that the DANSE model efficiently estimates the aforementioned brain maps and preserves all features of NLLS approach with significant improvements including noise-suppression and computation speed (from many hours to seconds). The noise-suppression feature of DANSE is especially prominent for data with SNR characteristic for typical GRE data (SNR~50), where DANSE-generated R2t* and R2' maps had three times smaller errors than that of NLLS method.

ConclusionsDANSE method enables fast reconstruction of magnetic-field-inhomogeneity-free and noise-suppressed quantitative qGRE brain maps. DANSE method does not require any information about field inhomogeneities during application. It exploits spatial patterns in the qGRE MRI data and previously-gained knowledge from the biophysical model, thus producing clean brain maps even in the environments with high noise levels. These features along with fast computational speed can lead to broad qGRE clinical and research applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kahali, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kothapalli, S. V. V. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamilov, U. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yablonskiy, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.10.459810</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deep-Learning-Based Accelerated and Noise-Suppressed Estimation (DANSE) of quantitative Gradient Recalled Echo (qGRE) MRI metrics associated with Human Brain Neuronal Structure and Hemodynamic Properties]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.13.460088v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The conventional dendritic cell 1 subset primes CD8+ T cells and traffics tumor antigen to drive anti-tumor immunity in the brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.13.460088v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The central nervous system (CNS) antigen presenting cell (APC) which primes anti-tumor CD8+ T cell responses remains undefined. Elsewhere, the conventional dendritic cell 1 (cDC1) performs this role. However, steady-state brain cDC1 are rare; cDC localize to choroid plexus and dura. Using preclinical glioblastoma models and cDC1-deficient mice, we explored the role of cDC1 in CNS anti-tumor immunity. We determined that cDC1 mediate checkpoint blockade-induced survival benefit and prime neoantigen-specific CD8+ T cells against brain tumors. We observed that cDC, including cDC1, isolated from the tumor, the dura, and the CNS-draining cervical lymph nodes harbored a traceable fluorescent tumor-antigen. In patient samples, we observed several APC subsets (including the CD141+ cDC1-equivalent) infiltrating glioblastomas, meningiomas, and dura. In these same subsets, we identified a tumor-specific fluorescent metabolite of 5- aminolevulinic acid, which labels tumor cells during fluorescence-guided glioblastoma resection. Together, these data elucidate the specialized behavior of cDC1 and suggest cDC1 play a significant role in CNS anti-tumor immunity.

One Sentence SummaryCNS cDC1 engage in previously undefined behavior to establish immune responses against brain tumors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bowman-Kirigin, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saunders, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desai, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaettler, M. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Livingstone, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kobayashi, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durai, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kretzer, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zipfel, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leuthardt, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osbun, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chicoine, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johanns, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zinselmeyer, B. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunn, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.13.460088</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The conventional dendritic cell 1 subset primes CD8+ T cells and traffics tumor antigen to drive anti-tumor immunity in the brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.13.460135v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy of 3D Orientation and Anisotropic Wobble using a Polarized Vortex Point Spread Function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.13.460135v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Within condensed matter, single fluorophores are sensitive probes of their chemical environments, but it is difficult to use their limited photon budget to image precisely their positions, 3D orientations, and rotational diffusion simultaneously. We demonstrate the polarized vortex point spread function (PSF) for measuring these parameters, including characterizing the anisotropy of a molecules wobble, simultaneously from a single image. Even when imaging dim emitters ([~]500 photons detected), the polarized vortex PSF is able to obtain 12 nm localization precision, 4-8{degrees} orientation precision, and 26{degrees} wobble precision. We use the vortex PSF to measure the emission anisotropy of fluorescent beads, the wobble dynamics of Nile red (NR) within supported lipid bilayers, and the distinct orientation signatures of NR in contact with amyloid-beta fibrils, oligomers, and tangles. The unparalleled sensitivity of the vortex PSF transforms single-molecule microscopes into nanoscale orientation imaging spectrometers, where the orientations and wobbles of individual probes reveal structures and organization of soft matter that are nearly impossible to perceive using molecular positions alone.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ding, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lew, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.13.460135</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy of 3D Orientation and Anisotropic Wobble using a Polarized Vortex Point Spread Function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.17.459296v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Donor Macrophages Modulate Rejection after Heart Transplantation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.17.459296v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundCellular rejection after heart transplantation imparts significant morbidity and mortality. Current immunosuppressive strategies are imperfect, target recipient T-cells, and have a multitude of adverse effects. The innate immune response plays an essential role in the recruitment and activation of T-cells. Targeting the donor innate immune response would represent the earliest interventional opportunity within the immune response cascade. There is limited knowledge regarding donor immune cell types and functions in the setting of cardiac transplantation and no current therapeutics exist for targeting these cell populations.

MethodsUsing genetic lineage tracing, cell ablation, and conditional gene deletion, we examined donor mononuclear phagocyte diversity and function during acute cellular rejection of transplanted hearts in mice. We performed single cell RNA sequencing on donor and recipient macrophages, dendritic cells, and monocytes at multiple timepoints after transplantation. Based on our single cell RNA sequencing data, we evaluated the functional relevance of donor CCR2+ and CCR2- macrophages using selective cell ablation strategies in donor grafts prior to transplant. Finally, we perform functional validation of our single cell-derived hypothesis that donor macrophages signal through MYD88 to facilitate cellular rejection.

ResultsDonor macrophages persisted in the transplanted heart and co-existed with recipient monocyte-derived macrophages. Single-cell RNA sequencing identified donor CCR2+ and CCR2- macrophage populations and revealed remarkable diversity amongst recipient monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Temporal analysis demonstrated that donor CCR2+ and CCR2- macrophages were transcriptionally distinct, underwent significant morphologic changes, and displayed unique activation signatures after transplantation. While selective depletion of donor CCR2- macrophages reduced allograft survival, depletion of donor CCR2+ macrophages prolonged allograft survival. Pathway analysis revealed that donor CCR2+ macrophages were being activated through MYD88/NF-{beta} signaling. Deletion of MYD88 in donor macrophages resulted in reduced antigen presenting cell recruitment, decreased emergence of allograft reactive T-cells, and extended allograft survival.

ConclusionsDistinct populations of donor and recipient macrophages co-exist within the transplanted heart. Donor CCR2+ macrophages are key mediators of allograft rejection and inhibition of MYD88 signaling in donor macrophages is sufficient to suppress rejection and extend allograft survival. This highlights the therapeutic potential of donor heart-based interventions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kopecky, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amrute, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bredemeyer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Terada, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bayguinov, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koenig, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frye, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitzpatrick, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kreisel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavine, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.17.459296</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Donor Macrophages Modulate Rejection after Heart Transplantation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.17.459779v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Context, competition, and symbiont-induced bet-hedging between Dictyostelium discoideum and Paraburkholderia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.17.459779v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Symbiotic interactions change with environmental context. Measuring these context-dependent effects in hosts and symbionts is critical to determining the nature of symbiotic interactions. We investigated context-dependence in the symbiosis between social amoeba hosts and their inedible Paraburkholderia bacterial symbionts, where the context is the abundance of host food bacteria. Paraburkholderia have been shown to harm hosts dispersed to food-rich environments, but aid hosts dispersed to food-poor environments by allowing hosts to carry food bacteria. Through measuring symbiont density and host spore production, we show that this food context matters in three other ways. First, it matters for symbionts, who suffer a greater cost from competition with food bacteria in the food-rich context. Second, it matters for host-symbiont conflict, changing how symbiont density negatively impacts host spore production. Third, data-based simulations show that symbiosis often provides a long-term fitness advantage for hosts after rounds of growth and dispersal in variable food-contexts, especially when conditions are harsh with little food. These results show how food context can have many consequences for the Dictyostelium-Paraburkholderia symbiosis and that both sides can frequently benefit.

Impact StatementMany organisms form symbiotic relationships with other species. These symbioses often exhibit context-dependence, where the sign or magnitude of one partners effect on the other will change in different environments. Context-dependent effects make it difficult to assign interactions to categories like mutualisms or antagonisms because they involve both benefits and costs depending on the environment. However, in some cases, accounting for context-dependence can clarify an interaction so that it more easily fits a mutualism or antagonism. We investigated context-dependence using the symbiosis between Dictyostelium discoideum and two symbiotic Paraburkholderia species. In this symbiosis, Paraburkholderia bacteria allow hosts to carry food bacteria to food-poor contexts, where hosts rarely survive without food, but reduce host fitness in the more hospitable food-rich contexts. The effect of food context on Paraburkholderia symbionts is unknown. We show that Paraburkholderia symbionts are also affected by this context, through facing reduced competition after being dispersed by hosts to food-poor contexts. We also identify a new way that symbionts affect hosts, where symbiont density reduces host fitness, but less so in food-poor contexts. Finally, we use simulations to show that infected hosts benefit in the long-term across variable food contexts, especially in the harshest environments with little food. These results show that context-dependence in symbiosis can have many consequences for hosts and symbionts, though in general for D. discoideum and Paraburkholderia, both are likely to benefit.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scott, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Queller, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strassmann, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.17.459779</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Context, competition, and symbiont-induced bet-hedging between Dictyostelium discoideum and Paraburkholderia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.17.460776v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
m6A modifications regulate intestinal immunity and rotavirus infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.17.460776v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is an abundant mRNA modification and affects many biological processes. However, how m6A levels are regulated during physiological or pathological processes such as virus infections, and the in vivo function of m6A in the intestinal immune defense against virus infections are largely unknown. Here, we uncover a novel antiviral function of m6A modification during rotavirus (RV) infection in small bowel intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). We found that rotavirus infection induced global m6A modifications on mRNA transcripts by down-regulating the m6a eraser ALKBH5. Mice lacking the m6A writer enzymes METTL3 in IECs (Mettl3{Delta}IEC) were resistant to RV infection and showed increased expression of interferons (IFNs) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Using RNA-sequencing and m6A RNA immuno-precipitation (RIP)-sequencing, we identified IRF7, a master regulator of IFN responses, as one of the primary m6A targets during virus infection. In the absence of METTL3, IECs showed increased Irf7 mRNA stability and enhanced type I and III IFN expression. Deficiency in IRF7 attenuated the elevated expression of IFNs and ISGs and restored susceptibility to RV infection in Mettl3{Delta}IEC mice. Moreover, the global m6A modification on mRNA transcripts declined with age in mice, with a significant drop from 2 weeks to 3 weeks post birth, which likely has broad implications for the development of intestinal immune system against enteric viruses early in life. Collectively, we demonstrated a novel host m6A-IRF7-IFN antiviral signaling cascade that restricts rotavirus infection in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flavell, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.17.460776</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[m6A modifications regulate intestinal immunity and rotavirus infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.17.460799v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Two common and distinct forms of variation in human functional brain networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.17.460799v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cortex has a characteristic layout with specialized functional areas forming distributed large-scale networks. However, substantial work shows striking variation in this organization across people, which relates to differences in behavior. While most prior work treats all individual differences as equivalent and primarily linked to boundary shifts between the borders of regions, here we show that cortical  variants actually occur in two different forms. In addition to border shifts, variants also occur at a distance from their typical position, forming ectopic intrusions. Both forms of variants are common across individuals, but the forms differ in their location, network associations, and activations during tasks, patterns that replicate across datasets and methods of definition. Border shift variants also track significantly more with shared genetics than ectopic variants, suggesting a closer link between ectopic variants and environmental influences. Further, variant properties are categorically different between subgroups of individuals. Exploratory evidence suggests that variants can predict individual differences in behavior, but the two forms differ in which behavioral phenotypes they predict. This work argues that individual differences in brain organization commonly occur in two dissociable forms - border shifts and ectopic intrusions - suggesting that these types of variation are indexing distinct forms of cortical variation that must be separately accounted for in the analysis of cortical systems across people. This work expands our knowledge of cortical variation in humans and helps reconceptualize the discussion of how cortical systems variability arises and links to individual differences in cognition and behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dworetsky, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seitzman, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adeyemo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petersen, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gratton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.17.460799</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Two common and distinct forms of variation in human functional brain networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.17.460835v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification and Functional Annotation of Long Intergenic Non-coding RNAs in the Brassicaceae 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.17.460835v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) are a large yet enigmatic class of eukaryotic transcripts with critical biological functions. Despite the wealth of RNA-seq data available, lincRNA identification lags in the plant lineage. In addition, there is a need for a harmonized identification and annotation effort to enable cross-species functional and genomic comparisons. In this study we processed >24 Tbp of RNA-seq data from >16,000 experiments to identify ~130,000 lincRNAs in four Brassicaceae: Arabidopsis thaliana, Camelina sativa, Brassica rapa, and Eutrema salsugineum. We used Nanopore RNA-seq, transcriptome-wide structural information, peptide data, and epigenomic data to characterize these lincRNAs and identify functional motifs. We then used comparative genomic and transcriptomic approaches to highlight lincRNAs in our dataset with sequence or transcriptional evolutionary conservation, including lincRNAs transcribed adjacent to orthologous genes that display little sequence similarity and likely function as transcriptional regulators. Finally, we used guilt-by-association techniques to further classify these lincRNAs according to putative function. LincRNAs with Brassicaceae-conserved putative miRNA binding motifs, short ORFs, and whose expression is modulated by abiotic stress are a few of the annotations that will prioritize and guide future functional analyses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Palos, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson Dittrich, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brock, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sokolowska, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skirycz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, P. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyons, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beilstein, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, A. D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.17.460835</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification and Functional Annotation of Long Intergenic Non-coding RNAs in the Brassicaceae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.20.461087v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Loss of Fgfr1 and Fgfr2 in Scleraxis-lineage cells leads to enlarged bone eminences and attachment cell death 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.20.461087v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tendons and ligaments are structural tissues that attach to bone and are essential for joint mobility and stability in vertebrates. Tendon and ligament attachments (i.e., entheses) are often found at bony protrusions (i.e., eminences), and the shape and size of these protrusions depends on both mechanical forces and cellular cues during growth and development. The formation of tendon eminences also contributes to mechanical leverage for skeletal muscle. Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling plays a critical role in bone development, and Fgfr1 and Fgfr2 are highly expressed in the perichondrium and periosteum of bone where tendon and ligament attachments can be found. However, the role of FGFR signaling in attachment development and maintenance in the limb remains unknown. In this study, we used transgenic mouse models for combinatorial knockout of Fgfr1 and/or Fgfr2 in tendon/ligament and attachment progenitors using ScxCre and measured eminence size and bone shape in the appendicular skeleton. Conditional deletion of both, but not individual, Fgfr1 and Fgfr2 in Scx progenitors led to enlarged eminences in the postnatal appendicular skeleton and smaller secondary ossification centers in long bones. In addition, Fgfr1 Fgfr2 double conditional knockout mice had more variation in the size of collagen fibrils in tendon, narrowed synovial joint spacing, and increased cell death at sites of ligament attachments, as well as decreased plasticity of mature bone compared to age-matched wildtype littermates. These findings identify a role for FGFR signaling in regulating growth and maintenance of tendon/ligament attachments and the size and shape of bony eminences.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shuff, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Offutt, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Killian, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ornitz, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leek, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ganji, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tata, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paparella, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sonnenfelt, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sullivan, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wernle, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.20.461087</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Loss of Fgfr1 and Fgfr2 in Scleraxis-lineage cells leads to enlarged bone eminences and attachment cell death]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.20.461098v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Progenitor-intrinsic Metabolic Sensing Promotes Hematopoietic Homeostasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.20.461098v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hematopoietic homeostasis is maintained by stem and progenitor cells in part by extrinsic feedback cues triggered by mature cell loss. We demonstrate a different mechanism by which hematopoietic progenitors intrinsically anticipate and prevent the loss of mature progeny through metabolic switches. We examined hematopoiesis in mice conditionally deficient in long-chain fatty acid oxidation (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2, Cpt2), glutaminolysis (glutaminase, Gls), or mitochondrial pyruvate import (mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 2, Mpc2). While genetic ablation of Cpt2 or Gls minimally impacted most blood lineages, deletion of Mpc2 led to a sharp decline in mature myeloid cells. However, MPC2-deficient myeloid cells rapidly recovered due to a transient increase in myeloid progenitor proliferation. Competitive bone marrow chimera and stable isotope tracing experiments demonstrated that this proliferative burst was intrinsic to MPC2-deficient progenitors and accompanied by a metabolic switch to glutaminolysis. Thus, hematopoietic progenitors intrinsically adjust to metabolic perturbations independently of feedback from downstream mature cells to maintain homeostasis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pizzato, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfgang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finck, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patti, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharya, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.20.461098</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Progenitor-intrinsic Metabolic Sensing Promotes Hematopoietic Homeostasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.20.461152v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinct ground state and activated state modes of spiking in forebrain neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.20.461152v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuronal firing patterns have significant spatiotemporal variability with no agreed upon theoretical framework. Using a combined experimental and modeling approach, we found that spike interval statistics can be described by discrete modes of activity. Of these, a "ground state" (GS) mode of low-rate spiking is universal among forebrain excitatory neurons and characterized by irregular spiking at neuron-specific rates. In contrast, "activated state" (AS) modes consist of spiking at characteristic timescales and regularity that are specific to neuron populations in a given region and brain state. The majority of spiking is contributed by GS mode, while neurons can transiently switch to AS spiking in response to stimuli or in coordination with population activity patterns. We hypothesize that GS spiking serves to maintain a persistent backbone of neuronal activity while AS modes support communication functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Levenstein, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Girardeau, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gornet, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grosmark, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huszar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peyrache, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Senzai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rinzel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buzsaki, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.20.461152</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinct ground state and activated state modes of spiking in forebrain neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.21.461325v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Association of RACK1 protein with ribosomes in Plasmodium falciparum 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.21.461325v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The receptor for activated C-kinase 1 (RACK1), a highly conserved eukaryotic protein, is known to have many, varying biological roles and functions. Previous work has established RACK1 as a ribosomal protein, with defined regions important for binding ribosomes in both human and yeast cells. In Plasmodium falciparum, RACK1 has been shown to be required for parasite growth, however conflicting evidence has been presented about the RACK1 ribosome binding and its role in mRNA translation. Given the importance of RACK1 as a regulatory component of mRNA translation and ribosome quality control, the case could be made in parasites for either of the binary options: bound or unbound to the ribosome. Here we used bioinformatics and transcription analyses to describe P. falciparum RACK1 protein. Based on homology modeling and structural analyses, we generated a model of P. falciparum RACK1 protein. We created and explored mutant and chimeric human and P. falciparum RACK1 proteins binding properties to the human and P. falciparum ribosome. Wild type, chimeric and mutant RACK1 proteins suggest different binding characteristics for P. falciparum and human RACK1 proteins and different regions being involved in their ribosome association. The ribosomal binding of RACK1 variants in human and parasite cells shown here demonstrates that although RACK1 proteins have highly conserved sequences and structures across species, ribosomal binding is affected by species specific alterations to the protein. In conclusion, we show that in the case of P. falciparum, contrary to the structural data, RACK1 is found to be bound to ribosomes and in actively translating polysomes of P. falciparum cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Djuranovic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erath, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.21.461325</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Association of RACK1 protein with ribosomes in Plasmodium falciparum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.28.462107v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Defining hierarchical protein interaction networks from spectral analysis of bacterial proteomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.28.462107v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cellular phenotypes emerge from a hierarchy of molecular interactions: proteins interact to form complexes, pathways, and phenotypes. We show that hierarchical networks of protein interactions can be extracted from the statistical pattern of proteome variation as measured across thousands of bacteria and that these hierarchies reflect the emergence of complex bacterial phenotypes. We describe the mathematics underlying our statistical approach and validate our results through gene-set enrichment analysis and comparison to existing experimentally-derived hierarchical databases. We demonstrate the biological utility of our unbiased hierarchical models by creating a model of motility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and using it to discover a previously unappreciated genetic effector of twitch-based motility. Overall, our approach, SCALES (Spectral Correlation Analysis of Layered Evolutionary Signals), predicts hierarchies of protein interaction networks describing emergent biological function using only the statistical pattern of bacterial proteome variation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zaydman, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Little, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haro, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aksianiuk, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchser, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiAntonio, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milbrandt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.28.462107</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Defining hierarchical protein interaction networks from spectral analysis of bacterial proteomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.28.462146v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromosome-scale genome assembly of the brown anole (Anolis sagrei), a model species for evolution and ecology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.28.462146v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rapid technological improvements are democratizing access to high quality, chromosome-scale genome assemblies. No longer the domain of only the most highly studied model organisms, now non-traditional and emerging model species can be genome-enabled using a combination of sequencing technologies and assembly software. Consequently, old ideas built on sparse sampling across the tree of life have recently been amended in the face of genomic data drawn from a growing number of high-quality reference genomes. Arguably the most valuable are those long-studied species for which much is already known about their biology; what many term emerging model species. Here, we report a new, highly complete chromosome-scale genome assembly for the brown anole, Anolis sagrei - a lizard species widely studied across a variety of disciplines and for which a high-quality reference genome was long overdue.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Geneva, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bock, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Mello, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarigol, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tollis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donihue, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reynolds, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feiner, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasys, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lauderdale, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minchey, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alcala, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Infante, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolbe, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schluter, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menke, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Losos, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.28.462146</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromosome-scale genome assembly of the brown anole (Anolis sagrei), a model species for evolution and ecology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.28.462271v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ex Vivo and In Vivo CD46 Receptor Utilization by Species D Human Adenovirus Serotype 26 (HAdV26) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.28.462271v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human adenovirus serotype 26 (Ad26) is used as a gene-based vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1. Yet, its primary receptor portfolio remains controversial, potentially including sialic acid, CAR, integrins, and CD46. We and others have shown that Ad26 can use CD46, but these observations were questioned by the inability to co-crystallize Ad26 fiber with CD46. Recent work demonstrated that Ad26 binds CD46 with its hexon protein rather than its fiber. We examined the functional consequences of Ad26 for infection in vitro and in vivo. Ectopic expression of human CD46 on Chinese hamster ovary cells increased Ad26 infection significantly. Deletion of the complement control protein domains CCP1 or CCP2 or the serine-threonine-proline (STP) region of CD46 reduced infection. Comparing wild type and sialic acid-deficient CHO cells, we show that the usage of CD46 is independent of its sialylation status. Ad26 transduction was increased in CD46 transgenic mice after intramuscular (IM) injection, but not after intranasal (IN) administration. Ad26 transduction was 10-fold lower than Ad5 after intratumoral (IT) injection of CD46-expressing tumors. Ad26 transduction of liver was 1000-fold lower than Ad5 after intravenous (IV) injection. These data demonstrate the use of CD46 by Ad26 under certain situations, but also show that the receptor has little consequence by other routes of administration. Finally, IV injection of high doses of Ad26 into CD46 mice induced release of liver enzymes in the bloodstream and reduced white blood cell counts, but did not induce thrombocytopenia. This suggests that Ad26 virions do not induce direct clotting side effects seen during COVID-19 vaccination with this serotype of adenovirus.

IMPORTANCEHuman species D Ad26 is being pursued as a low seroprevalence vector for oncolytic virotherapy and gene-based vaccination against HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2. However, there is debate in the literature about its tropism and receptor utilization, which directly influence its efficiency for certain applications. This work was aimed at determining which receptor(s) this virus uses for infection, and its role in virus biology, vaccine efficacy, and importantly, in vaccine safety.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hemsath, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liaci, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parrett, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, S.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reddy, V. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cupelli, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stehle, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liszewski, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atkinson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barry, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.28.462271</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ex Vivo and In Vivo CD46 Receptor Utilization by Species D Human Adenovirus Serotype 26 (HAdV26)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.29.461531v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sex Differences in Brain Tumor Glutamine Metabolism Reveal Sex-Specific Vulnerabilities to Treatment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.29.461531v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sex differences in normal metabolism are well described, but whether they persist in cancerous tissue is unknown. We assessed metabolite abundance in glioblastoma surgical specimens and found that male glioblastomas are enriched for amino acids, including glutamine. Using PET imaging, we found that gliomas in male patients exhibit significantly higher glutamine uptake. These sex differences were well-modeled in murine transformed astrocytes, in which male cells imported and metabolized more glutamine and were more sensitive to glutaminase 1 (GLS1) inhibition. The sensitivity to GLS1 inhibition in males was driven by their dependence on glutamine-derived glutamate for -ketoglutarate synthesis and TCA cycle replenishment. Females were resistant to GLS1 inhibition through greater pyruvate carboxylase-mediated TCA cycle replenishment. Thus, clinically important sex differences exist in targetable elements of metabolism. Recognition of sex-biased metabolism is an opportunity to improve treatments for all patients through further laboratory and clinical research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sponagel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frankfater, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tung, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tinkum, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gass, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nunez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spitz, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chinnaiyan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaefer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patti, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graham, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mauguen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grkovski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunphy, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krebs, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubin, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ippolito, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.29.461531</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sex Differences in Brain Tumor Glutamine Metabolism Reveal Sex-Specific Vulnerabilities to Treatment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.29.462233v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Convergent mosaic brain evolution is associated with the evolution of novel electrosensory systems in teleost fishes. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.29.462233v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Brain region size generally scales allometrically with total brain size, but mosaic shifts in brain region size independent of brain size have been found in several lineages and may be related to the evolution of behavioral novelty. African weakly electric fishes (Mormyroidea) evolved a mosaically enlarged cerebellum and hindbrain, yet the relationship to their behaviorally novel electrosensory system remains unclear. We addressed this by studying South American weakly electric fishes (Gymnotiformes) and weakly electric catfishes (Synodontis spp.), which evolved varying aspects of electrosensory systems, independent of mormyroids. If the mormyroid mosaic increases are related to evolving an electrosensory system, we should find similar mosaic shifts in gymnotiforms and Synodontis. Using micro-computed tomography scans, we quantified brain region scaling for multiple electrogenic, electroreceptive, and non-electrosensing species. We found mosaic increases in cerebellum in all three electrogenic lineages relative to non-electric lineages and mosaic increases in torus semicircularis and hindbrain associated with the evolution of electrogenesis and electroreceptor type. These results show that evolving novel electrosensory systems is repeatedly and independently associated with changes in the sizes of individual brain regions independent of brain size, which suggests that selection can impact structural brain composition to favor specific regions involved in novel behaviors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schumacher, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlson, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.29.462233</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Convergent mosaic brain evolution is associated with the evolution of novel electrosensory systems in teleost fishes.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.08.463634v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Polyunsaturated fatty acids inhibit a pentameric ligand-gated ion channel through one of two binding sites 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.08.463634v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) inhibit pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (pLGICs) but the mechanism of inhibition is not well understood. The PUFA, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), inhibits agonist responses of the pLGIC, ELIC, more effectively than palmitic acid, similar to the effects observed in the GABAA receptor and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Using photo-affinity labeling and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, we identified two fatty acid binding sites in the outer transmembrane domain (TMD) of ELIC. Fatty acid binding to the photolabeled sites is selective for DHA over palmitic acid, and specific for an agonist-bound state. Hexadecyl-methanethiosulfonate modification of one of the two fatty acid binding sites in the outer TMD recapitulates the inhibitory effect of PUFAs in ELIC. The results demonstrate that DHA selectively binds to multiple sites in the outer TMD of ELIC, but that state-dependent binding to a single intrasubunit site mediates DHA inhibition of ELIC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dietzen, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arcario, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petroff, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brannigan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Covey, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, W. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.08.463634</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Polyunsaturated fatty acids inhibit a pentameric ligand-gated ion channel through one of two binding sites]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.08.463750v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reliability and Stability Challenges in ABCD Task fMRI Data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.08.463750v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Trait stability of measures is an essential requirement for individual differences research. Functional MRI has been increasingly used in studies that rely on the assumption of trait stability, such as attempts to relate task related brain activation to individual differences in behavior and psychopathology. However, recent research using adult samples has questioned the trait stability of task-fMRI measures, as assessed by test-retest correlations. To date, little is known about trait stability of task fMRI in children. Here, we examined within-session reliability and longitudinal stability of task-fMRI using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study using its tasks focused on reward processing, response inhibition, and working memory. We also evaluated the effects of factors potentially affecting reliability and stability. Reliability and stability [quantified via an intraclass correlation (ICC) that focuses on rank consistency] was poor in virtually all brain regions, with an average ICC of .078 and .054 for short (within-session) and long-term (between-session) ICCs, respectively, in regions of interest (ROIs) historically-recruited by the tasks. ICC values in ROIs did not exceed the  poor cut-off of .4, and in fact rarely exceeded .2 (only 5.9%). Motion had a pronounced effect on estimated ICCs, with the lowest motion quartile of participants having a mean reliability/stability three times higher (albeit still  poor) than the highest motion quartile. Regions with stronger activation tended to show higher ICCs, with the absolute value of activity and reliability/stability correlating at .53. Across regions, the magnitude of age-related longitudinal (between-session) changes positively correlated with the longitudinal stability of individual differences, which suggests developmental change was not necessarily responsible for poor stability. Poor reliability and stability of task-fMRI, particularly in children, diminishes potential utility of fMRI data due to a drastic reduction of effect sizes and, consequently, statistical power for the detection of brain-behavior associations. This essential issue needs to be addressed through optimization of preprocessing pipelines and data denoising methods.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harms, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korucuoglu, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Astafiev, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barch, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bjork, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anokhin, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.08.463750</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reliability and Stability Challenges in ABCD Task fMRI Data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.10.461291v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-edited zebrafish model of ABCC8 loss-of-function disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.10.461291v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
KATP channel gain- (GOF) and loss-of-function (LOF) mutations in SUR1 or Kir6.2 underlie human neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) and congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI), respectively. Genetically modified mice with transgenic overexpression of GOF mutations recapitulate many features of human NDM and transgenic mice expressing incomplete KATP LOF do reiterate mild hyperinsulinism, although complete KATP knockout mice do not exhibit persistent hyperinsulinism. We have shown that islet excitability and glucose homeostasis in zebrafish are regulated by identical KATP channels to those in mammals, and to explore the possibility of using zebrafish for modeling CHI, we have examined SUR1 truncation mutation (K499X) introduced into the abcc8 gene. Patch-clamp analysis confirmed complete absence of channel activity in {beta}-cells from K499X (SUR1-/-) fish. No difference in random blood glucose was detected in heterozygous SUR1+/- fish, nor in homozygous SUR1-/- fish, mimicking findings in SUR1 knockout mice. Mutant fish also demonstrated impaired glucose tolerance, similar to LOF mouse models. In paralleling features of mammalian hyperinsulinism resulting from loss-of-function mutations, this gene-edited animal provides a valid zebrafish model of KATP LOF driven-dependent pancreatic disease.

Key PointsO_LILoss-of function in the Kir6.2 (KCNJ11) and SUR1 (ABCC8)-encoded pancreatic islet {beta}-cell KATP channels underlie congenital hyperinsulinism. Mouse models reiterate key features, but zebrafish models could provide a powerful model for further analysis and therapy testing.
C_LIO_LIAn early nonsense mutation in exon 10 of SUR1 was generated by ENU mutagenesis.
C_LIO_LIPatch-clamp analysis revealed an absence of {beta}-cells of SUR1 truncation mutants.
C_LIO_LICa imaging demonstrated elevated basal [Ca]i in {beta}-cells with SUR1 truncation.
C_LIO_LIHomozygous SUR1 truncation mutants had normal fasting glucose but impaired glucose tolerance as adults, mimicking findings in mouse SUR1 knockouts.
C_LIO_LIIn paralleling features of mammalian diabetes and hyperinsulinism resulting from equivalent loss-of-function mutations, this gene-edited animal provides a valid zebrafish model of KATP -LOF dependent pancreatic diseases.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ikle, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tryon, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singareddy, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>York, N. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Remedi, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nichols, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.10.461291</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-edited zebrafish model of ABCC8 loss-of-function disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.12.464031v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chemical inhibition of auxin inactivation pathway uncovers the metabolic turnover of auxin homeostasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.12.464031v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The phytohormone auxin, specifically indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) plays a prominent role in plant development. Cellular auxin concentration is coordinately regulated by auxin synthesis, transport, and inactivation to maintain auxin homeostasis; however, the physiological contribution of auxin inactivation to auxin homeostasis has remained elusive. The GH3 genes encode auxin amino acid conjugating enzymes that perform a central role in auxin inactivation. The chemical inhibition of GH3s in planta is challenging because the inhibition of GH3 enzymes leads to IAA overaccumulation that rapidly induces GH3 expression. Here, we developed a potent GH3 inhibitor, designated as kakeimide (KKI), that selectively targets auxin-conjugating GH3s. Chemical knockdown of the auxin inactivation pathway demonstrates that auxin turnover is very rapid (about 10 min), indicating auxin biosynthesis and inactivation dynamically regulate auxin homeostasis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fukui, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arai, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanaka, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aoi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kukshal, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jez, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kubes, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Napier, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kasahara, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayashi, K.-i.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.12.464031</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chemical inhibition of auxin inactivation pathway uncovers the metabolic turnover of auxin homeostasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.16.464654v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex supports speech perception in listeners with cochlear implants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.16.464654v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cochlear implants are neuroprosthetic devices that can restore hearing in people with severe to profound hearing loss by electrically stimulating the auditory nerve. Because of physical limitations on the precision of this stimulation, the acoustic information delivered by a cochlear implant does not convey the same level of acoustic detail as that conveyed by normal hearing. As a result, speech understanding in listeners with cochlear implants is typically poorer and more effortful than in listeners with normal hearing. The brain networks supporting speech understanding in listeners with cochlear implants are not well understood, partly due to difficulties obtaining functional neuroimaging data in this population. In the current study, we assessed the brain regions supporting spoken word understanding in adult listeners with right unilateral cochlear implants (n=20) and matched controls (n=18) using high-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT), a quiet and non-invasive imaging modality with spatial resolution comparable to that of functional MRI. We found that while listening to spoken words in quiet, listeners with cochlear implants showed greater activity in left prefrontal cortex than listeners with normal hearing, specifically in a region engaged in a separate spatial working memory task. These results suggest that listeners with cochlear implants require greater cognitive processing during speech understanding than listeners with normal hearing, supported by compensatory recruitment of left prefrontal cortex.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sherafati, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dwyer, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bajracharya, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hassanpour, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eggebrecht, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Firszt, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Culver, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peelle, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.16.464654</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex supports speech perception in listeners with cochlear implants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.17.464694v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The ASCC2 CUE domain contacts adjacent ubiquitins to recognize K63-linked polyubiquitin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.17.464694v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alkylation of DNA and RNA is a potentially toxic lesion that can result in mutations and cell death. In response to alkylation damage, K63-linked polyubiquitin chains are assembled that localize the ALKBH3-ASCC repair complex to damage sites in the nucleus. The protein ASCC2, a subunit of the ASCC complex, selectively binds K63-linked polyubiquitin chains using its CUE domain, a type of ubiquitin-binding domain that typically binds monoubiquitin and does not discriminate among different polyubiquitin linkage types. We report here that the ASCC2 CUE domain selectively binds K63-linked diubiquitin by contacting both the distal and proximal ubiquitin. Whereas the ASCC2 CUE domain binds the distal ubiquitin in a manner similar to that reported for other CUE domains bound to a single ubiquitin, the contacts with the proximal ubiquitin are unique to ASCC2. The N-terminal portion of the ASCC2 1 helix, including residues E467 and S470, contributes to the binding interaction with the proximal ubiquitin of K63-linked diubiquitin. Mutation of residues within the N-terminal portion of the ASCC2 1 helix decreases ASCC2 recruitment in response to DNA alkylation, supporting the functional significance of these interactions during the alkylation damage response.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lombardi, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haile, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rusanov, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodell, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anoh, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baer, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burke, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gray, L. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hacker, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kebreau, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ngandu, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orland, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osei-Asante, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmelyun, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shorb, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Syed, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veilleux, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Majumdar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mosammaparast, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolberger, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.17.464694</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The ASCC2 CUE domain contacts adjacent ubiquitins to recognize K63-linked polyubiquitin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.17.464751v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adaptation of peristaltic pumps for laminar flow experiments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.17.464751v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Endothelial cells (ECs) are the primary cellular constituent of blood vessels that are in direct contact with hemodynamic forces over the course of a lifetime. Throughout the body, vessels experience different types of blood flow patterns and rates that alter vascular architecture and cellular behavior. Because of the complexities of studying blood flow in an intact organism, particularly during development, modeling of blood flow in vitro has become a powerful technique for studying hemodynamic dependent signaling mechanisms in ECs. While commercial flow systems that recirculate fluids exist, many commercially available pumps are peristaltic and best model pulsatile flow conditions. However, there are many important in vivo situations in which ECs experience laminar flow conditions, such as along long, straight stretches of the vasculature. To understand EC function under these situations, it is important to be able to consistently model laminar flow conditions in vitro. Here, we outline a method to reliably adapt commercially available peristaltic pumps to reproducibly study laminar flow conditions. Our proof of concept study focuses on 2-dimensional (2D) models but could be further adapted to 3-dimensional (3D) environments to better model in vivo scenarios such as organ development. Our studies make significant inroads into solving technical challenges associated with flow modeling, and allow us to conduct functional studies towards understanding the mechanistic role of flow forces on vascular architecture, cellular behavior, and remodeling during a variety of physiological contexts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Abello, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yien, Y. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stratman, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.17.464751</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adaptation of peristaltic pumps for laminar flow experiments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.19.464977v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In vitro experiments and kinetic models of pollen hydration show that MSL8 is not a simple tension-gated osmoregulator 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.19.464977v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pollen, a neighbor-less cell that contains the male gametes, undergoes multiple mechanical challenges during plant sexual reproduction, including desiccation and rehydration. It was previously showed that the pollen-specific mechanosensitive ion channel MscS-Like (MSL)8 is essential for pollen survival during hydration and proposed that it functions as a tension-gated osmoregulator. Here we test this hypothesis with a combination of mathematical modeling and laboratory experiments. Time-lapse imaging revealed that wild-type pollen grains swell and then stabilize in volume rapidly during hydration. msl8 mutant pollen grains, however, continue to expand and eventually burst. We found that a mathematical model wherein MSL8 acts as a simple tension-gated osmoregulator does not replicate this behavior. A better fit was obtained from variations of the model wherein MSL8 inactivation is independent of its membrane tension gating threshold or MSL8 strengthens the cell wall without osmotic regulation. Experimental and computational testing of several perturbations, including hydration in an osmolyte-rich solution, hyper-desiccation of the grains, and MSL8-YFP overexpression, indicated that the Cell Wall Strengthening Model best simulated experimental responses. Finally, expression of a non-conducting MSL8 variant did not complement the msl8 overexpansion phenotype. These data indicate that, contrary to our hypothesis and to known MS ion channel function in single-cell systems, MSL8 does not act as a simple membrane tension-gated osmoregulator. Instead, they support a model wherein ion flux through MSL8 is required to alter pollen cell wall properties. These results demonstrate the utility of pollen as a cellular-scale model system and illustrate how mathematical models can correct intuitive hypotheses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Miller, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strychalski, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nickaeen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlsson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haswell, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.19.464977</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In vitro experiments and kinetic models of pollen hydration show that MSL8 is not a simple tension-gated osmoregulator]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.19.465030v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic Brain Network States during Suspenseful Film Viewing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.19.465030v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Studies of brain activity evoked by naturalistic stimuli have found narrative suspense produces reliable patterns of activation consistent with increased attention to the narrative and decreased processing of non-narrative stimuli (Bezdek et al., 2015). Yet the progression of brain states (i.e. patterns of activity levels across the whole brain) at suspense peaks and how they differ from suspense valleys or resting state scans has not previously been investigated. We used a fast fMRI acquisition sequence to measure sub-second brain states at peaks and valleys of narrative suspense and during rest. We found five brain states that occur during suspenseful film viewing, four of which differ in their frequency near suspense peaks compared to valleys. The pattern of results is consistent with the theoretical view that suspense captures and focuses attentional processing, triggering subsequent cognitive processing of narrative events.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bezdek, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keilholz, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schumacher, E. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.19.465030</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic Brain Network States during Suspenseful Film Viewing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.19.465033v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Resolving the 3D rotational and translational dynamics of single molecules using radially and azimuthally polarized fluorescence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.19.465033v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We report a radially and azimuthally polarized (raPol) microscope for high detection and estimation performance in single-molecule orientation-localization microscopy (SMOLM). With 5000 photons detected from Nile red (NR) transiently bound within supported lipid bilayers (SLBs), raPol SMOLM achieves 2.9 nm localization precision, 1.5{degrees} orientation precision, and 0.17 sr precision in estimating rotational wobble. Within DPPC SLBs, SMOLM imaging reveals the existence of randomly oriented binding pockets that prevent NR from freely exploring all orientations. Treating the SLBs with cholesterol-loaded methyl-{beta}-cyclodextrin (M{beta}CD-chol) causes NRs orientational diffusion to be dramatically reduced, but curiously, NRs median lateral displacements drastically increase from 20.8 nm to 75.5 nm (200 ms time lag). These jump diffusion events overwhelmingly originate from cholesterol-rich nanodomains within the SLB. These detailed measurements of single-molecule rotational and translational dynamics are made possible by raPols high measurement precision and are not detectable in standard SMLM.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lew, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.19.465033</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Resolving the 3D rotational and translational dynamics of single molecules using radially and azimuthally polarized fluorescence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.21.465323v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Defining cellular complexity in human autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease by multimodal single cell analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.21.465323v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the leading genetic cause of end stage renal disease and is characterized by the formation and progressive expansion of kidney cysts. Most ADPKD cases arise from mutations in either the PKD1 or PKD2 gene but the precise downstream signaling pathways driving cyst growth are not well understood, and relatively few studies investigate human cystic kidney due to sample scarcity. In order to better understand the cell types and states driving human ADPKD progression, we analyzed eight ADPKD and five healthy human kidney samples, generating a single cell multiomic atlas consisting of ~100,000 single nucleus transcriptomes and ~50,000 single nucleus epigenomes. The integrated datasets identified 11 primary cell clusters including most epithelial cell types as well as large endothelial and fibroblast cell clusters. Proximal tubular cells from ADPKD kidneys expressed a failed repair transcriptomic signature characterized by profibrotic and proinflammatory transcripts. We identified the G protein-coupled receptor GPRC5A as specifically upregulated in cyst lining cells derived from collecting duct. The principal cell subpopulation enriched for GPRC5A expression also exhibited increased transcription factor binding motif availability for NF-{kappa}B, TEAD, CREB and retinoic acid receptor families and we identified and validated a distal enhancer regulating GPRC5A expression containing these transcription factor binding motifs. This study establishes the single cell transcriptomic and epigenomic landscape of ADPKD, revealing previously unrecognized cellular heterogeneity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Muto, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixon, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoshimura, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Omachi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunawan, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cox, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miner, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seliger, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodward, O. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welling, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watnick, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humphreys, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.21.465323</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Defining cellular complexity in human autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease by multimodal single cell analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.22.465536v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli degrades the host MUC2 mucin barrier to facilitate critical pathogen-enterocyte interactions in human small intestine. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.22.465536v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are a genetically diverse pathologic variant of E. coli defined by the production of heat-labile (LT) and/or heat-stable (ST) toxins. ETEC are estimated to cause hundreds of millions of cases of diarrheal illness annually. However, it is not clear that all strains are equally equipped to cause disease and asymptomatic colonization with ETEC is common in low-middle income regions lacking basic sanitation and clean water where ETEC are ubiquitous. Recent molecular epidemiology studies have revealed a significant association between strains which produce EatA, a secreted autotransporter protein, and the development of symptomatic infection. Here, we demonstrate that LT stimulates production of MUC2 mucin by goblet cells in human small intestine, enhancing the protective barrier between pathogens and enterocytes. In contrast, using explants of human small intestine as well as small intestinal enteroids, we show that EatA counters this host defense by engaging and degrading the MUC2 mucin barrier to promote bacterial access to target enterocytes and ultimately toxin delivery suggesting that EatA plays a crucial role in the molecular pathogenesis of ETEC. These findings may inform novel approaches to prevention of the acute diarrheal illness as well as the sequelae associated with ETEC and other pathogens that rely on EatA and similar proteases for efficient interaction with their human hosts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sheikh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wangdi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vickers, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aaron, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herring, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simoes, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crainic, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gildersleeve, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Post, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansson, G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleckenstein, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.22.465536</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli degrades the host MUC2 mucin barrier to facilitate critical pathogen-enterocyte interactions in human small intestine.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.28.466323v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mecp2 deletion results in profound alterations of developmental and adult functional connectivity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.28.466323v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As a regressive neurodevelopmental disorder with a well-established genetic cause, Rett Syndrome and its Mecp2 loss-of-function mouse model provide an excellent opportunity to define potentially translatable functional signatures of disease progression, as well as offer insight into Mecp2s role in functional circuit development. Thus, we applied optical fluorescence imaging to assess mesoscale calcium functional connectivity (FC) in the Mecp2 cortex prior to symptom onset as well as during decline. We found that FC was profoundly disrupted in Mecp2 males both in juvenile development and early adulthood. Female Mecp2 mice displayed a subtle homotopic contralateral increase in motor cortex as juveniles but not in adulthood, where instead parietal regions were implicated. Additionally, conditional rescue studies indicated FC phenotypes are driven by excitatory neurons. Altogether, the female results identify subtle candidate translatable biomarkers of disease progression, while the male results indicate MeCP2 protein is needed in a circuit-specific manner for FC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rahn, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaines, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bice, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brier, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swift, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maloney, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Culver, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.28.466323</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mecp2 deletion results in profound alterations of developmental and adult functional connectivity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.28.466370v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development and Validation of Subject-Specific 3D Human Head Models Based on a Nonlinear Visco-Hyperelastic Constitutive Framework 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.28.466370v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Computational models of the human head are promising tools for the study and prediction of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). Most available head models are developed using inputs (i.e., head geometry, material properties, and boundary conditions) derived from ex-vivo experiments on cadavers or animals and employ linear viscoelasticity (LVE)-based constitutive models, which leads to high uncertainty and poor accuracy in capturing the nonlinear response of brain tissue under impulsive loading conditions. To resolve these issues, a framework for the development of fully subject-specific 3D human head models is proposed, in which model inputs are derived from the same living human subject using a comprehensive in-vivo brain imaging protocol, and the viscous dissipation-based visco-hyperelastic constitutive modeling framework is employed. Specifically, brain tissue material properties are derived from in-vivo magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), and full-field strain-response of brain under rapid rotational acceleration is obtained from tagged MRI, which is used for model validation. The constitutive model comprises the Ogden hyperelastic strain energy density and the Upadhyay-Subhash-Spearot viscous dissipation potential. The simulated strain-response is compared with experimental data and with predictions from subject-specific models employing two commonly used LVE-based constitutive models, using a rigorous validation procedure that evaluates agreement in spatial strain distribution, temporal strain evolution, and differences in maximum values of peak and average strain. Results show that the head model developed in this work reasonably captures 3D brain dynamics, and when compared to LVE-based models, provides improvements in the prediction of peak strains and temporal strain evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Upadhyay, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alshareef, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knutsen, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carass, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bayly, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramesh, K. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.28.466370</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development and Validation of Subject-Specific 3D Human Head Models Based on a Nonlinear Visco-Hyperelastic Constitutive Framework]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.01.466776v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Coiled Coil Crosslinked Alginate Hydrogels Dampen Macrophage-Driven Inflammation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.01.466776v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alginate hydrogels are widely used for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to their excellent biocompatibility. A facile and commonly used strategy to crosslink alginate is the addition of Ca2+ that leads to hydrogelation. However, extracellular Ca2+ is a secondary messenger in activating inflammasome pathways following physical injury or pathogenic insult leading to persistent inflammation and scaffold rejection. Here we present graft copolymers of charge complementary heterodimeric coiled coil (CC) peptides and alginate that undergo supramolecular self-assembly to form Ca2+ free alginate hydrogels. The formation of heterodimeric CCs was confirmed using circular dichroism spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed a significant difference in pore size between Ca2+ and CC crosslinked gels. The resulting hydrogels were self-supporting and display shear-thinning and shear-recovery properties. In response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, peritoneal macrophages and bone marrow derived dendritic cells cultured in the CC crosslinked gels exhibited a 10-fold reduction in secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1{beta} compared to Ca2+ crosslinked gels. A similar respose was also observed in vivo upon peritoneal delivery of Ca2+ or CC crosslinked gels. Analysis of peritoneal lavage showed that macrophages in mice injected with Ca2+ crosslinked gels display a more inflammatory phenotype compared to macrophages from mice injected with CC crosslinked gels. These results suggest that CC peptides by virtue of their tunable sequence-structure-function relationship and mild gelation conditions are promising alternative crosslinkers for alginate and other biopolymer scaffolds used in tissue engineering.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Clapacs, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Neill, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shrimali, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lokhande, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Files, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaharwar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rudra, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.01.466776</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Coiled Coil Crosslinked Alginate Hydrogels Dampen Macrophage-Driven Inflammation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.01.466849v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sex significantly impacts the function of major depression-linked variants in vivo 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.01.466849v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-wide association studies have discovered blocks of common variants--likely transcriptional-regulatory--associated with major depressive disorder (MDD), though the functional subset and their biological impacts remain unknown. Likewise, why depression occurs in females more frequently than males is unclear. We therefore tested the hypothesis that risk-associated functional variants interact with sex and produce greater impact in female brains. We developed methods to directly measure regulatory variant activity and sex interactions using massively parallel reporter assays (MPRAs) in the mouse brain in vivo, in a cell type-specific manner. We measured activity of >1,000 variants from >30 MDD loci, identifying extensive sex-by-allele effects in mature hippocampal neurons and suggesting sex-differentiated impacts of genetic risk may underlie sex bias in disease. Unbiased informatics approaches indicated that functional MDD variants recurrently disrupt sex hormone receptor binding sequences. We confirmed this with MPRAs in neonatal brains, comparing brains undergoing the masculinizing hormone surge to hormonally-quiescent juveniles. Our study provides novel insights into the influence of age, biological sex, and cell type on regulatory-variant function, and provides a framework for in vivo parallel assays to functionally define interactions between organismal variables like sex and regulatory variation.

One-Sentence SummaryMassively parallel assays in vivo identified extensive functional and sex-interacting common variants in depression risk loci.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mulvey, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Selmanovic, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.01.466849</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sex significantly impacts the function of major depression-linked variants in vivo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.02.466984v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ultrapotent and Broad Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Variants by Modular, Tetravalent, Bi-paratopic Antibodies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.02.466984v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) that target the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein are approved for treatment of COVID-19. However, with the emergence of variants of concern, there is a need for new treatment options. We report a novel format that enables modular assembly of bi-paratopic, tetravalent nAbs with antigen-binding sites from two distinct nAbs. The tetravalent nAb was purified in high yield, and it exhibited biophysical characteristics that were comparable to those of approved therapeutic antibodies. The tetravalent nAb bound to the spike protein trimer at least 100-fold more tightly than bivalent IgGs (apparent KD < 1 pM), and it exhibited extremely high potencies against a broad array of pseudoviruses, chimeric viruses, and authentic virus variants. Together, these results establish the tetravalent diabody-Fc-Fab as a robust, modular platform for rapid production of drug-grade nAbs with potencies and breadth of coverage that greatly exceed those of conventional bivalent IgGs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Miersch, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saberianfar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amarasinghe, G. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caruso, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caccuri, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novelli, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sidhu, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.02.466984</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ultrapotent and Broad Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Variants by Modular, Tetravalent, Bi-paratopic Antibodies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.03.466963v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An ex vivo culture model of kidney podocyte injury reveals mechanosensitive, synaptopodin-templating, sarcomere-like structures. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.03.466963v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chronic kidney diseases are widespread and incurable. The biophysical mechanisms underlying them are unclear, in part because material systems for reconstituting the microenvironment of the relevant kidney cells are limited. A critical question is how kidney podocytes (glomerular epithelial cells) regenerate the foot processes of the filtration apparatus following injury. Recently identified sarcomere-like structures (SLSs) with periodically spaced myosin IIA (a contractile protein) and synaptopodin (an actin-associated protein) appear in injured podocytes in vivo. We hypothesized that SLSs template synaptopodin in the initial stages of recovery, and tested this hypothesis by developing an ex vivo culture system that models both kidney physiology and pathophysiology. SLSs were observed in vitro for the first time as podocytes migrated out of harvested kidney glomeruli onto micropatterns of physiologically relevant proteins. SLSs emerged over two days, and cells formed foot process-like extensions from these periodically spaced proteins. SLS distributions and morphology were sensitive to actomyosin inhibitors, substrate stiffness, and extracellular matrix proteins associated with pathology. These results indicate a role for mechanobiological factors in podocyte recovery from injury, and suggest SLSs as a target for therapeutic intervention.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shumeng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alisafaei, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miner, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genin, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suleiman, H. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.03.466963</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An ex vivo culture model of kidney podocyte injury reveals mechanosensitive, synaptopodin-templating, sarcomere-like structures.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.03.467169v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Measuring G Protein Activation with Spectrally Resolved Fluorescence Fluctuation Spectroscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.03.467169v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
G protein-coupled receptor signaling has been posited to occur through either collision coupling or pre-assembled complexes with G protein transducers. To investigate the dynamics of G protein signaling, we introduce fluorescence covariance matrix analysis (FCMA), a novel implementation of fluorescence cumulant analysis applied to spectrally resolved fluorescence images. We labeled the GPCR, G, and G{beta}{gamma} units with distinct fluorescent protein labels and we applied FCMA to measure directly the complex formation during stimulation of dopamine and adrenergic receptors. To determine the prevalence of hetero-oligomers, we compared the GPCR data to those from control samples expressing three fluorescent protein labels with known stoichiometries. Interactions between G and G{beta}{gamma} subunits determined by FCMA were sensitive to stimulation with GPCR ligands. However, GPCR/G protein interactions were too weak to be distinguished from background. These findings support a collision coupling mechanism rather than pre-assembled complexes for the two GPCRs studied.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Foust, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piston, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.03.467169</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Measuring G Protein Activation with Spectrally Resolved Fluorescence Fluctuation Spectroscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.05.467459v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sleep promoting neurons remodel their response properties to calibrate sleep drive with environmental demands. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.05.467459v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Falling asleep at the wrong time can place an individual at risk of immediate physical harm. However, not sleeping degrades cognition and adaptive behavior. To understand how animals match sleep need with environmental demands, we used live-brain imaging to examine the physiological response properties of the Drosophila sleep homeostat (dFB) following interventions that modify sleep (sleep deprivation, starvation, time-restricted feeding, memory consolidation). We report that dFB neurons can distinguish between different types of waking and can change their physiological response-properties accordingly. That is, dFB neurons are not simply passive components of a hard-wired circuit. Rather, the dFB neurons themselves can determine their response to the activity from upstream circuits. Finally, we show that the dFB appears to contain a memory trace of prior exposure to metabolic challenges induced by starvation or time-restricted feeding. Together these data highlight that the sleep homeostat is plastic and suggests an underlying mechanism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dissel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klose, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Swinderen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaw, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.05.467459</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sleep promoting neurons remodel their response properties to calibrate sleep drive with environmental demands.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.05.467526v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell cycle stage classification using phase imaging with computational specificity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.05.467526v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Traditional methods for cell cycle stage classification rely heavily on fluorescence microscopy to monitor nuclear dynamics. These methods inevitably face the typical phototoxicity and photobleaching limitations of fluorescence imaging. Here, we present a cell cycle detection workflow using the principle of phase imaging with computational specificity (PICS). The proposed method uses neural networks to extract cell cycle-dependent features from quantitative phase imaging (QPI) measurements directly. Our results indicate that this approach attains very good accuracy in classifying live cells into G1, S, and G2/M stages, respectively. We also demonstrate that the proposed method can be applied to study single-cell dynamics within the cell cycle as well as cell population distribution across different stages of the cell cycle. We envision that the proposed method can become a nondestructive tool to analyze cell cycle progression in fields ranging from cell biology to biopharma applications.

TeaserWe present a non-destructive, high-throughput method for cell cycle detection combining label-free imaging and deep learning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kandel, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sobh, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anastasio, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Popescu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.05.467526</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell cycle stage classification using phase imaging with computational specificity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.07.467645v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neuronal origins of biases in economic choices under sequential offers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.07.467645v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Economic choices are characterized by a variety of biases. Understanding their origins is a long-term goal for neuroeconomics, but progress on this front has been limited. Here we examined choice biases observed when two goods are offered sequentially. In the experiments, rhesus monkeys chose between different juices offered simultaneously or in sequence. Choices under sequential offers were less accurate (higher variability). They were also biased in favor of the second offer (order bias) and in favor of the preferred juice (preference bias). Analysis of neuronal activity recorded in orbitofrontal cortex revealed that these phenomena emerged at different computational stages. The lower choice accuracy reflected weaker offer value signals (valuation stage), the order bias emerged during value comparison (decision stage), and the preference bias emerged late in the trial (post-comparison). Our approach, leveraging recent notions on the neural mechanisms of economic decisions, may shed light on other aspects of choice behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shi, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ballesta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Padoa-Schioppa, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.07.467645</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neuronal origins of biases in economic choices under sequential offers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.08.467770v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Macrophage proliferation machinery leads to PDAC progression, but susceptibility to innate immunotherapy. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.08.467770v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are involved in many aspects of cancer progression and correlate with poor clinical outcomes in many cancer types, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs). Previous studies have shown that TAMs can populate PDAC tumors not only by monocyte recruitment but also by local proliferation. However, the impact local proliferation might have on macrophage phenotype and cancer progression is unknown. Here, we utilized genetically engineered cancer models, single-cell RNA-sequencing data, and in vitro systems to show that proliferation of TAMs was driven by colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF1) produced by cancer-associated fibroblasts. CSF1 induced high levels of p21 in macrophages, which regulated both TAM proliferation and phenotype. TAMs in human and mouse PDACs with high levels of p21 had more inflammatory and immunosuppressive phenotypes. The p21 expression in TAMs was induced by both stromal interaction and/or chemotherapy treatment. Finally, by modeling p21 expression levels in TAMs, we found that p21-driven macrophage immunosuppression in vivo drove tumor progression. Serendipitously, the same p21-driven pathways that drive tumor progression, also drive response to CD40 agonist. These data suggest that stromal or therapy-induced regulation of cell cycle machinery can regulate both macrophage-mediated immune suppression and susceptibility to innate immunotherapy.

SummaryTAMs are indicative of poor clinical outcomes and in PDAC their number is sustained in part by local proliferation. This study shows that stromal desmoplasia drives local proliferation of TAMs, and induces their immunosuppressive ability through altering cell cycle machinery, including p21 expression. Serendipitously, these changes in p21 in TAMs also potentially render tumors more sensitive to CD40 agonist therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>DeNardo, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baer, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knolhoff, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belle, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hogg, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kingston, N. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brenden, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alarcon De La Lastra, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dodhiawala, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kian-Huat, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fields, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawkins, W. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weber, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.08.467770</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Macrophage proliferation machinery leads to PDAC progression, but susceptibility to innate immunotherapy.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.09.467963v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effects of tendon viscoelasticity in the distribution of forces over sutures in a model tendon-to-bone repair 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.09.467963v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tears to the rotator cuff often require surgical repair. These repairs often culminate in re-tearing when sutures break through the tendon in the weeks following repair. Although numerous studies have been performed to identify suturing strategies that reduce this risk by balancing forces across sutures, none have accounted for how the viscoelastic nature of tendon influences load sharing. With the aim of providing insight into this problem, we studied how tendon viscoelasticity, tendon stiffness, and suture anchor spacing affect this balancing of forces across sutures. Results from a model of a three-row sutured re-attachment demonstrated that optimized distributions of suture stiffnesses and of the spacing of suture anchors can balance the forces across sutures to within a few percent, even when accounting for tendon viscoelasticity. Non-optimized distributions resulted in concentrated force, typically in the outermost sutures. Results underscore the importance of accounting for viscoelastic effects in the design of tendon to bone repairs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>hoppe, e.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurtaliaj, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birman, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomopoulos, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genin, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.09.467963</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effects of tendon viscoelasticity in the distribution of forces over sutures in a model tendon-to-bone repair]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.11.468308v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A single-cell massively parallel reporter assay detects cell type specific cis-regulatory activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.11.468308v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Massively parallel reporter gene assays are key tools in regulatory genomics, but cannot be used to identify cell-type specific regulatory elements without performing assays serially across different cell types. To address this problem, we developed a single-cell massively parallel reporter assay (scMPRA) to measure the activity of libraries of cis-regulatory sequences (CRSs) across multiple cell-types simultaneously. We assayed a library of core promoters in a mixture of HEK293 and K562 cells and showed that scMPRA is a reproducible, highly parallel, single-cell reporter gene assay that detects cell-type specific cis-regulatory activity. We then measured a library of promoter variants across multiple cell types in ex vivo mouse retinas and showed that subtle genetic variants can produce cell-type specific effects on cis-regulatory activity. We anticipate that scMPRA will be widely applicable for studying the role of CRSs across diverse cell types.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Granas, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.11.468308</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A single-cell massively parallel reporter assay detects cell type specific cis-regulatory activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.15.468679v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Essential functions of MLL1 and MLL2 in retinal development and cone cell maintenance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.15.468679v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MLL1 (KMT2A) and MLL2 (KMT2B) are homologous members of the mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) family of histone methyltransferases involved in epigenomic transcriptional regulation. Their sequence variants have been associated with neurological and psychological disorders, but little is known about their roles and mechanism of action in CNS development. Using mouse retina as a model, we previously reported MLL1s role in retinal neurogenesis and horizontal cell maintenance. Here we determine roles of MLL2 and MLL1/MLL2 together in retinal development using conditional knockout (CKO) mice. Deleting Mll2 from Chx10+ retinal progenitors resulted in a similar phenotype as Mll1 CKO, but removal of both alleles produced much more severe deficits than each single CKO: 1-month double CKO mutants displayed null light responses in electroretinogram; thin retinal layers, including shorter photoreceptor outer segments with impaired phototransduction gene expression; and reduced numbers of M-cones, horizontal and amacrine neurons, followed by fast retinal degeneration. Despite moderately reduced progenitor cell proliferation at P0, the neurogenic capacity was largely maintained in double CKO mutants. However, upregulated apoptosis and reactive gliosis were detected during postnatal retinal development. Finally, the removal of both MLLs in fated rods produced a normal phenotype, but the CKO in M-cones impaired M-cone function and survival, indicating both cell non-autonomous and autonomous mechanisms. Altogether, our results suggest that MLL1/MLL2 play redundant roles in maintaining specific retinal neurons after cell fate specification and are essential for establishing functional neural networks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruzycki, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.15.468679</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Essential functions of MLL1 and MLL2 in retinal development and cone cell maintenance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.15.468723v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lateral Line Ablation by Toxins Results in Distinct Rheotaxis Profiles in Fish 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.15.468723v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The zebrafish lateral line is an established model for hair cell organ damage, yet few studies link mechanistic disruptions to changes in biologically relevant behavior. We used larval zebrafish to determine how damage via ototoxic compounds impact rheotaxis. Larvae were treated with CuSO4 or neomycin to disrupt lateral line function then exposed to water flow stimuli. Their swimming behavior was recorded on video then DeepLabCut and SimBA software were used to track movements and classify rheotaxis behavior, respectively. Lateral line-disrupted fish performed rheotaxis, but they swam greater distances, for shorter durations, and with greater angular variance than controls. Furthermore, spectral decomposition analyses confirmed that lesioned fish exhibited ototoxic compound-specific behavioral profiles with distinct changes in the magnitude, frequency, and cross-correlation between fluctuations in linear and angular movements. Our observations demonstrate that lateral line input is needed for fish to hold their station in flow efficiently and reveals that commonly used lesion methods have unique effects on rheotaxis behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Newton, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kacev, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nilsson, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golden, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheets, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.15.468723</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lateral Line Ablation by Toxins Results in Distinct Rheotaxis Profiles in Fish]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.15.468755v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SC2MeNetDrug: A computational tool to uncover inter-cell signaling targets and identify relevant drugs based on single cell RNA-seq data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.15.468755v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a powerful technology to investigate the transcriptional programs in stromal, immune, and disease cells, like tumor cells or neurons within the Alzheimers Disease (AD) brain or tumor microenvironment (ME) or niche. Cell-cell communications within ME play important roles in disease progression and immunotherapy response and are novel and critical therapeutic targets. Though many tools of scRNA-seq analysis have been developed to investigate the heterogeneity and sub-populations of cells, few were designed for uncovering cell-cell communications of ME and predicting the potentially effective drugs to inhibit the communications. Moreover, the data analysis processes of discovering signaling communication networks and effective drugs using scRNA-seq data are complex and involve a set of critical analysis processes and external supportive data resources, which are difficult for researchers who have no strong computational background and training in scRNA-seq data analysis. To address these challenges, in this study, we developed a novel open-source computational tool, sc2MeNetDrug (https://fuhaililab.github.io/sc2MeNetDrug/). It was specifically designed using scRNA-seq data to identify cell types within disease MEs, uncover the dysfunctional signaling pathways within individual cell types and interactions among different cell types, and predict effective drugs that can potentially disrupt cell-cell signaling communications. sc2MeNetDrug provided a user-friendly graphical user interface to encapsulate the data analysis modules, which can facilitate the scRNA-seq data-based discovery of novel inter-cell signaling communications and novel therapeutic regimens.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Feng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goedegebuure, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payne, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeNardo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawkins, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fields, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.15.468755</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SC2MeNetDrug: A computational tool to uncover inter-cell signaling targets and identify relevant drugs based on single cell RNA-seq data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.15.468767v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antenna modification leads to enhanced nitrogenase activity in a high light tolerant cyanobacterium 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.15.468767v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biological nitrogen fixation is an energy intensive process that contributes significantly towards supporting life on this planet. Among nitrogen-fixing organisms, cyanobacteria remain unrivaled in their ability to fuel the energetically expensive nitrogenase reaction with photosynthetically harnessed solar energy. In heterocystous cyanobacteria light-driven, photosystem I (PSI)-mediated ATP synthesis plays a key role in propelling the nitrogenase reaction. Efficient light transfer to the photosystems rely on phycobilisomes (PBS), the major antenna protein complexes. PBS undergo degradation as a natural response to nitrogen starvation. Upon nitrogen availability, these proteins are resynthesized back to normal levels in vegetative cells, but their occurrence and function in heterocysts remains inconclusive. Anabaena 33047 is a heterocystous cyanobacterium that thrives under high light, harbors higher amounts of PBS in its heterocysts and fixes nitrogen at higher rates compared to other heterocystous cyanobacteria. To assess the relationship between PBS in heterocysts and nitrogenase function, we engineered a strain that retains high amounts of the antenna proteins in its heterocysts. Intriguingly, under high light intensities the engineered strain exhibited unusually high rates of nitrogenase activity compared to the wild type. Spectroscopic analysis revealed altered PSI kinetics in the mutant, with increased cyclic electron flow around PSI, a route that contributes to ATP generation and nitrogenase activity in heterocysts. Retaining higher levels of PBS in heterocysts appears to be an effective strategy to enhance nitrogenase function in cyanobacteria that are equipped with the machinery to operate under high light intensities.

ImportanceThe function of phycobilisomes, the large antenna protein complexes in heterocysts has long been debated. This study provides direct evidence of the involvement of these proteins in supporting nitrogenase activity in Anabaena 33047, a heterocystous cyanobacterium that has affinity for very high light intensities. This strain was previously known to be recalcitrant to genetic manipulation and hence despite its many appealing traits, remained largely unexplored. We developed a genetic modification system for this strain and generated a {Delta}nblA mutant that exhibited resistance to phycobilisome degradation upon nitrogen starvation. Physiological characterization of the strain indicated that PBS degradation is not essential for acclimation to nitrogen deficiency and retention of PBS is advantageous for nitrogenase function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bandyopadhyay, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benedikty, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trtilek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pakrasi, H. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.15.468767</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antenna modification leads to enhanced nitrogenase activity in a high light tolerant cyanobacterium]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.24.469609v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hidden structure in disordered proteins is adaptive to intracellular changes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.24.469609v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intrinsically disordered proteins and protein regions (IDPs) are essential to cellular function in all proteomes. Unlike folded proteins, IDPs exist in an ensemble of rapidly interchanging conformations. IDP sequences encode interactions that create structural biases within the ensemble. Such structural biases determine the three-dimensional shape of IDP ensembles and can affect their activity. However, the plasticity and sensitivity of IDP ensembles means structural biases, often measured in vitro, may differ in the dynamic and heterogeneous intracellular environment. Here we reveal that structural biases found in vitro in well-studied IDPs persist inside human-derived cells. We further show that a subset of IDPs are able to sense changes in cellular physical-chemical composition and modulate their ensemble in response. We propose that IDP ensembles can evolve to sense and respond to intracellular physicochemical changes, or to resist them. This property can be leveraged for biological function, be the underlying cause of IDP-driven pathology, or be leveraged for the design of disorder-based biosensors and actuators.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moses, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guadalupe, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flores, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McAnelly, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shamoon, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cuevas-Zepeda, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sukenik, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.24.469609</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hidden structure in disordered proteins is adaptive to intracellular changes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.30.470617v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Protein proximity networks and functional evaluation of the Casein Kinase 1 γ family reveals unique roles for CK1γ3 in WNT signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.30.470617v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The WNT/{beta}-catenin signaling pathway is evolutionarily conserved and controls normal embryonic development, adult tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Aberrant activation or suppression of WNT signaling contributes to cancer initiation and progression, developmental disorders, neurodegeneration, and bone disease. Despite great need and more than 40 years of research, targeted therapies for the WNT pathway have yet to be fully realized. Kinases are exceptionally druggable and occupy key nodes within the WNT signaling network, but several pathway-relevant kinases remain understudied and  dark. Here we studied the function of the CSNK1{gamma} subfamily of human kinases. miniTurbo-based proximity biotinylation and mass spectrometry analysis of CSNK1{gamma}1, CSNK1{gamma}2, and CSNK1{gamma}3 revealed numerous established components of the {beta}-catenin- dependent and independent WNT signaling pathway, as well as novel interactors. In gain-of- function experiments leveraging a panel of transcriptional reporters, CSNK1{gamma}3 but not CSNK1{gamma}1 or CSNK1{gamma}2 activated {beta}-catenin-dependent WNT signaling and the Notch pathway. Within the family, CSNK1{gamma}3 expression uniquely induced LRP6 phosphorylation. Conversely, siRNA- mediated silencing of CSNK1{gamma}3 alone had no impact on WNT signaling, though co-silencing of all three family members decreased WNT pathway activity. We characterized two moderately selective and potent small molecule inhibitors of the CSNK1{gamma} family. These inhibitors and a CSNK1{gamma}3 kinase dead mutant suppressed but did not eliminate WNT-driven LRP6 phosphorylation and {beta}-catenin stabilization. Our data suggest that while CSNK1{gamma}3 expression uniquely drives pathway activity, potential functional redundancy within the family necessitates loss of all three family members to suppress the WNT signaling pathway.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Agajanian, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Potjewyd, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solomon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LaPak, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhatt, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldfarb, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Axtman, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Major, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.30.470617</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Protein proximity networks and functional evaluation of the Casein Kinase 1 γ family reveals unique roles for CK1γ3 in WNT signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.03.471183v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Disrupted controlling mechanism of salience network on default-mode network and central-executive network in schizophrenia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.03.471183v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuroimaging studies suggest that the human brain consists of intrinsically organized large-scale neural networks. Among those networks, the interplay among default-mode network (DMN), salience network (SN), and central-executive network (CEN)has been widely employed to understand the functional interaction patterns in health and diseases. This triple network model suggests that SN causally controls DMN and CEN in healthy individuals. This interaction is often referred to as the dynamic controlling mechanism of SN. However, such interactions are not well understood in individuals with schizophrenia. In this study, we leveraged resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data of schizophrenia (n = 67) and healthy controls (n = 81) to evaluate the functional interactions among DMN, SN, and CEN using dynamical causal modeling. In healthy controls, our analyses replicated previous findings that SN regulates DMN and CEN activities (Mann-Whitney U test; p < 10-8). In schizophrenia, however, our analyses revealed the disrupted SN-based controlling mechanism on DMN and CEN (Mann-Whitney U test; p < 10-16). These results indicate that the disrupted controlling mechanism of SN on two other neural networks may be a candidate neuroimaging phenotype in schizophrenia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chand, G. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thakuri, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soni, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.03.471183</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Disrupted controlling mechanism of salience network on default-mode network and central-executive network in schizophrenia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.07.471645v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural insights into distinct signaling profiles of the μOR activated by diverse agonists 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.07.471645v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Drugs targeting the G protein-coupled -opioid receptor (OR) are the most effective analgesics available but are also associated with fatal respiratory depression. While some partial opioid agonists appear to be safer than full agonists, the signaling pathways responsible for respiratory depression have yet to be elucidated. Here we investigated the structural and mechanistic basis of action of lofentanil (LFT) and mitragynine pseudoindoxyl (MP), two OR agonists with different safety profiles. LFT, one of the most potent and lethal opioids, and MP, a derivative from the kratom plant with reduced respiratory depression in animal studies at equianalgesic doses, exhibited markedly different signaling efficacy profiles for G protein subtype activation and recruitment of {beta}-arrestins. Cryo-EM structures of the OR-Gi1 complex with MP (2.5[A]) and LFT (3.2[A]) revealed that the two ligands engage distinct sub-pockets, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations showed additional differences in the binding site that propagate to the intracellular side of the receptor where G proteins and {beta}-arrestins bind. While MP favors the precise G protein-bound active state observed in the cryo-EM structures, LFT favors a distinct active state. These results highlight how drugs engaging different parts of the OR orthosteric pocket can lead to distinct signaling outcomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aydin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paggi, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seven, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakraborty, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Che, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiBerto, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robertson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Inoue, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roth, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Majumdar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dror, R. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kobilka, B. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skiniotis, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.07.471645</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural insights into distinct signaling profiles of the μOR activated by diverse agonists]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.09.471883v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Shared mechanisms of auditory and non-auditory vocal learning in the songbird brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.09.471883v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Songbirds and humans share the ability to adaptively modify their vocalizations based on sensory feedback. Prior studies have focused primarily on the role that auditory feedback plays in shaping vocal output throughout life. In contrast, it is unclear whether and how non-auditory information drives vocal plasticity. Here, we first used a reinforcement learning paradigm to establish that non-auditory feedback can drive vocal learning in adult songbirds. We then assessed the role of a songbird basal ganglia-thalamocortical pathway critical to auditory vocal learning in this novel form of vocal plasticity. We found that both this circuit and its dopaminergic inputs are necessary for non-auditory vocal learning, demonstrating that this pathway is not specialized exclusively for auditory-driven vocal learning. The ability of this circuit to use both auditory and non-auditory information to guide vocal learning may reflect a general principle for the neural systems that support vocal plasticity across species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McGregor, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grassler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaffe, P. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacob, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brainard, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sober, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.09.471883</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Shared mechanisms of auditory and non-auditory vocal learning in the songbird brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.14.472629v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Islet primary cilia motility controls insulin secretion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.14.472629v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Primary cilia are specialized cell-surface organelles that mediate sensory perception and, in contrast to motile cilia and flagella, are thought to lack motility function. Here we show that primary cilia in pancreatic beta cells exhibit movement that is required for glucose-dependent insulin secretion. Beta cell cilia contain motor proteins conserved from those found in classic motile cilia, and their 3D motion is dynein-driven and dependent on ATP and glucose metabolism. Inhibition of cilia motion blocks beta cell calcium influx and insulin secretion. Beta cells from humans with type 2 diabetes have altered expression of cilia motility genes. Our findings redefine primary cilia as dynamic structures possessing both sensory and motile function and establish that pancreatic beta cell cilia movement plays a critical role in controlling insulin secretion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cho, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muegge, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roseman, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Utterback, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodhams, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bayly, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>HUGHES, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.14.472629</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Islet primary cilia motility controls insulin secretion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.15.472818v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Paw placement during walking is altered by analgesic doses of opioids and post-surgical injury in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.15.472818v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hind paw-directed assays are commonly used to study the analgesic effects of opioids in mice. However, opioid-induced hyper-locomotion can obscure results of such assays. We aimed to overcome this potential confound by using gait analysis to observe hind paw usage during walking in mice. We measured changes in paw print area following induction of post-surgical pain (using the paw incision model) and treatment with oxycodone. Paw incision surgery reduced the paw print area of the injured hind paw as the mice avoided placing the incised section of the paw on the floor. Surprisingly, oxycodone caused a tiptoe-like gait in mice, resulting in a reduced paw print area in both hind paws. Further investigation of this opioid-induced phenotype revealed that analgesic doses of oxycodone or morphine dose-dependently reduced hind paw print area in uninjured mice. The gait changes were not dependent on opioid-induced increases in locomotor activity; speed and paw print area had no correlation in opioid-treated mice, and other analgesic compounds that alter locomotor activity did not affect paw print area. Unfortunately, the opioid-induced "tiptoe" gait phenotype prevented gait analysis from being a viable metric for demonstrating opioid analgesia in injured mice. However, this work reveals an important, previously uncharacterized effect of treatment with analgesic doses of opioids on paw placement. Our characterization of how opioids affect gait has important implications for the use of mice to study opioid pharmacology and suggests that scientists should use caution when using hind paw-directed nociceptive assays to test opioid analgesia in mice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brings, V. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payne, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gereau, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.15.472818</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Paw placement during walking is altered by analgesic doses of opioids and post-surgical injury in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.16.473020v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Orbitofrontal cortex contributes to the comparison of values underlying economic choices 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.16.473020v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Economic choices between goods entail the computation and comparison of subjective values. Previous studies examined neuronal activity in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) of monkeys choosing between different types of juices. Three groups of neurons were identified: offer value cells encoding the value of individual offers, chosen juice cells encoding the identity of the chosen juice, and chosen value cells encoding the value of the chosen offer. The encoded variables capture both the input (offer value) and the output (chosen juice, chosen value) of the decision process, suggesting that values are compared within OFC. Recent work demonstrates that choices are causally linked to the activity of offer value cells. Conversely, the hypothesis that OFC contributes to value comparison has not been confirmed. Here we show that weak electrical stimulation of OFC specifically disrupts value comparison without altering offer values. This result implies that neuronal populations in OFC participate in the decision process.

SignificanceEconomic choices encompass two mental stages: values are assigned to the available offers, and a decision is made by comparing values. Previous work showed that choices are causally related to offer values encoded in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Conversely, the neural underpinnings of value comparison remain poorly understood. Here we show that weak electrical stimulation of OFC selectively disrupts the decision process without affecting offer values. Hence, neurons in OFC contribute to value comparison.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ballesta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Padoa-Schioppa, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.16.473020</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Orbitofrontal cortex contributes to the comparison of values underlying economic choices]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.18.473250v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Global cerebrospinal fluid circulation mapping using gold nanoparticle enhanced X-ray microtomography reveals region-specific brain and spinal cord CSF pathways 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.18.473250v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) movement within the brain interstitium is essential for the development and functioning of the brain. However, the interstitium has largely been thought of as a single entity through which CSF circulates, and it is not known whether specific cell populations within the CNS preferentially interact with CSF. Here, we developed a novel technique for CSF tracking, gold nanoparticle enhanced X-ray microtomography, to achieve micrometer-scale resolution visualization of CSF pathways during development. Using this method and subsequent histological analysis, we map global CSF pathways and present novel particle size-dependent circulation patterns through the CNS. We identify an intraparenchymal CSF circulation that targets stem cell-rich and cholinergic neuronal populations. CSF solute distribution to these areas is mediated by CSF flow along projections from the basal cisterns which is altered in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Our study uncovers region-specific patterns in a biologically driven CSF circulation that has implications for normal brain development and the pathophysiology of hydrocephalus and neurodegenerative disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeFreitas, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramagiri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bayguinov, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hacker, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snyder, A. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilborn, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, P. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raval, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sviben, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Achilefu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haller, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quirk, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitzpatrick, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esakky, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strahle, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.18.473250</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Global cerebrospinal fluid circulation mapping using gold nanoparticle enhanced X-ray microtomography reveals region-specific brain and spinal cord CSF pathways]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.21.473705v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deep Learning-powered Bessel-beam Multi-parametric Photoacoustic Microscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.21.473705v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Enabling simultaneous and high-resolution quantification of the total concentration of hemoglobin (CHb), oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (sO2), and cerebral blood flow (CBF), multi-parametric photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) has emerged as a promising tool for functional and metabolic imaging of the live mouse brain. However, due to the limited depth of focus imposed by the Gaussian-beam excitation, the quantitative measurements become inaccurate when the imaging object is out of focus. To address this problem, we have developed a hardware-software combined approach by integrating Bessel-beam excitation and conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN)-based deep learning. Side-by-side comparison of the new cGAN-powered Bessel-beam multi-parametric PAM against the conventional Gaussian-beam multi-parametric PAM shows that the new system enables high-resolution, quantitative imaging of CHb, sO2, and CBF over a depth range of [~]600 m in the live mouse brain, with errors 13-58 times lower than those of the conventional system. Better fulfilling the rigid requirement of light focusing for accurate hemodynamic measurements, the deep learning-powered Bessel-beam multi-parametric PAM may find applications in large-field functional recording across the uneven brain surface and beyond (e.g., tumor imaging).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.21.473705</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deep Learning-powered Bessel-beam Multi-parametric Photoacoustic Microscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.22.473917v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An ensemble of toxic channel types underlies the severity of the de novo variant G375R of the human BK channel 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.22.473917v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The molecular basis of a severe developmental and neurological disorder associated with a de novo G375R variant of the tetrameric BK channel is unknown. Here we address this question by recording from single BK channels expressed for a heterozygous G375R mutation. Five different types of functional BK channels were observed: 3% were WT, 12% were homomeric mutant, and 85% were three different types of hybrid channels. All channel types except WT showed a marked gain-of-function in voltage activation and a smaller loss-of-function in single channel conductance, with both becoming more pronounced as the number of mutant subunits per tetrameric channel increased. The molecular phenotype suggested codominance for the two homomeric channels and partial dominance for the hybrid channels. A model in which BK channels are randomly assembled from mutant and WT subunits, with each subunit contributing increments of activation and conductance, approximated the molecular phenotype of the heterozygous G375R mutation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Geng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salkoff, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magleby, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.22.473917</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An ensemble of toxic channel types underlies the severity of the de novo variant G375R of the human BK channel]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.23.470799v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Conserved angio-immune subtypes of the cancer microenvironment predict response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.23.470799v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tumor microenvironment (TME) shapes the tumor progression and therapy outcome. Particularly, tumor angiogenesis and immunity impact the effect of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Here, we analyzed the transcriptome from 11,069 patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to assess 91 functional gene sets corresponding to endothelial and T-cell activity. Intriguingly, TME across 30 non-hematological tumors can be classified into three distinct conserved angio-immune subtypes: high angiogenesis with low immune activity, low angiogenesis with high immune activity, and the one in-between. Remarkably, patients displaying TME with poor angiogenic activity with corresponding high immune activity show the most significant responses to ICB therapy in many cancer types. Notably, re-evaluation of the Javelin Renal 101, renal cell carcinoma clinical trial, provided compelling evidence that the baseline angiogenic state is critical in determining responses to checkpoint blockade. This study offers a clear rationale for incorporating baseline angiogenic state for ICB treatment decision-making.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Subramanian, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kabir, A. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barisas, D. A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krchma, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.23.470799</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Conserved angio-immune subtypes of the cancer microenvironment predict response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.25.474038v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ultra-high-speed multi-parametric photoacoustic microscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.25.474038v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multi-parametric photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) is uniquely capable of simultaneous, high-resolution mapping of blood hemoglobin concentration, oxygenation, and flow in vivo. However, its speed has been limited by the dense sampling required for blood flow quantification. To overcome this limitation, we have developed an ultra-high-speed multi-parametric PAM system, which enables simultaneous acquisition of ~500 densely sampled B-scans by superposing the rapid laser scanning across the line-shaped focus of a cylindrically focused ultrasonic transducer over the conventional mechanical scan of the optical-acoustic dual foci. A novel optical-acoustic combiner is designed and implemented to accommodate the short working distance of the transducer, enabling convenient confocal alignment of the dual foci in the reflection mode. This new system enables continuous monitoring of microvascular hemoglobin concentration, blood oxygenation, and flow over a 4.5 x 3 mm2 area in the awake mouse brain with high spatial and temporal resolution (6.9 m and 0.3 Hz, respectively).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.25.474038</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ultra-high-speed multi-parametric photoacoustic microscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.30.474544v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
pixOL: pixel-wise dipole-spread function engineering for simultaneously measuring the 3D orientation and 3D localization of dipole-like emitters 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.30.474544v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Interactions between biomolecules are characterized by both where they occur and how they are organized, e.g., the alignment of lipid molecules to form a membrane. However, spatial and angular information are mixed within the image of a fluorescent molecule-the microscopes dipolespread function (DSF). We demonstrate the pixOL algorithm for simultaneously optimizing all pixels within a phase mask to produce an engineered Greens tensor-the dipole extension of point-spread function engineering. The pixOL DSF achieves optimal precision for measuring simultaneously the 3D orientation and 3D location of a single molecule, i.e., 1.14{degrees} orientation, 0.24 sr wobble angle, 8.17 nm lateral localization, and 12.21 nm axial localization precisions over an 800-nm depth range using 2500 detected photons. The pixOL microscope accurately and precisely resolves the 3D positions and 3D orientations of Nile red within a spherical supported lipid bilayer, resolving both membrane defects and differences in cholesterol concentration, in 6 dimensions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lew, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.30.474544</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[pixOL: pixel-wise dipole-spread function engineering for simultaneously measuring the 3D orientation and 3D localization of dipole-like emitters]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.30.474545v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure-function relationships in mitochondrial transcriptional condensates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.30.474545v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phase separation organizes many membraneless structures in cells. The functional consequences of concentrating cellular machinery into biomolecular condensates, however, are largely unclear. One fundamental cellular function that has been linked to condensate formation is transcription. Here, we have reconstituted mitochondrial transcription in condensates from purified components. We find that the core components of the mttranscriptional machinery form multi-phasic, viscoelastic condensates in vitro. Strikingly, the rates of condensate-mediated transcription are substantially lower than equivalent reactions in bulk solution. These condensate-mediated decreases in transcriptional rates are associated with the formation of dynamically arrested vesicular structures that are driven by the production and accumulation of RNA during transcription. Using coarse-grained, equilibrium simulations, we show that the generation of RNA alters the phase behavior and the organization of transcriptional components within condensates and that the in vitro mtcondensates are non-equilibrium structures. Together, our in vitro and in silico approaches shed light on how proteins and (ribo)nucleic acids biophysically self-assemble within mitochondria in vivo. Our results highlight the complex morphologies of transcribing, multicomponent condensates and they illustrate the interdependent structure-function relationships in condensates.

Significance StatementMitochondria condense their genome into transcriptionally active mt-nucleoids. These structures fit the definition of biomolecular condensates that form via macromolecular phase separation. We take advantage of the ability to reconstitute mitochondrial transcriptional condensates in vitro from minimal components. We find that the production and accumulation of RNA alters the phase behavior of transcriptional condensates. The altered phase behavior is linked to the formation of arrested, non-equilibrium vesicular structures. Similar changes to phase behavior of proteins and (ribo)nucleic acids can be recapitulated in live mitochondria through knockdown of mt-nucleoid core components. Computer simulations help identify biophysical mechanisms that are needed to maintain the steady-state structures of transcriptional condensates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Feric, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarfallah, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dar, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Temiakov, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Misteli, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.30.474545</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure-function relationships in mitochondrial transcriptional condensates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.10.475668v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A pleiotropic chemoreceptor facilitates the functional coupling of pheromone production and perception 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.10.475668v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Optimal mating decisions depend on the robust coupling of signal production and perception because independent changes in either could carry a fitness cost. However, since the perception and production of mating signals are often mediated by different tissues and cell types, the mechanisms that drive and maintain their coupling remain unknown for most animal species. Here, we show that in Drosophila, sensory perception and production of an inhibitory mating pheromone are co-regulated by Gr8a, a member of the Gustatory receptor gene family. Specifically, we found that the pleiotropic action of Gr8a independently regulates the perception of pheromones by the chemosensory systems of males and females, as well as their production in the fat body and oenocytes of males. These findings provide a relatively simple molecular explanation for how pleiotropic receptors maintain robust mating signaling systems at the population and species levels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vernier, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zelle, k.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leitner, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halloran, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Millar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben-Shahar, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.10.475668</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A pleiotropic chemoreceptor facilitates the functional coupling of pheromone production and perception]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.11.475920v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Competing interactions give rise to two-state behavior and switch-like transitions in charge-rich intrinsically disordered proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.11.475920v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The most commonly occurring intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are polyampholytes, which are defined by the duality of low net charge per residue and high fractions of charged residues. Recent experiments have uncovered nuances regarding sequence-ensemble relationships of model polyampholytic IDPs. These include differences in conformational preferences for sequences with lysine vs. arginine, and the suggestion that well-mixed sequences form a range of conformations, including globules, conformations with ensemble averages that are reminiscent of ideal chains, or self-avoiding walks. Here, we explain these observations by analyzing results from atomistic simulations. We find that polyampholytic IDPs generally sample two distinct stable states, namely globules and self-avoiding walks. Globules are favored by electrostatic attractions between oppositely charged residues, whereas self-avoiding walks are favored by favorable free energies of hydration of charged residues. We find sequence-specific temperatures of bistability at which globules and self-avoiding walks can coexist. At these temperatures, ensemble averages over coexisting states give rise to statistics that resemble ideal chains without there being an actual counterbalancing of intra-chain and chain-solvent interactions. At equivalent temperatures, arginine-rich sequences tilt the preference toward globular conformations whereas lysine-rich sequences tilt the preference toward self-avoiding walks. We also identify differences between aspartate and glutamate containing sequences, whereby the shorter aspartate sidechain engenders preferences for metastable, necklace-like conformations. Finally, although segregation of oppositely charged residues within the linear sequence maintains the overall two-state behavior, compact states are highly favored by such systems.

Significance StatementIntrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) of proteins, when tethered to folded domains, function either as flexible tails or as linkers between domains. Most IDRs are polyampholytes that comprise a mixture of oppositely charged residues. Recent measurements of tethered polyampholytes showed that tendency of arginine- and lysine-rich sequences to behave very differently from one another. Using computer simulations, we show that these differences are determined by differences in free energies of hydration, steric volumes, and other considerations. Further, the interplay between electrostatic attractions and favorable free energies of hydration creates distinct stable states for polyampholytic IDRs. These findings have implications for switch-like transitions and the regulation of effective concentrations of interaction motifs by IDRs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zeng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruff, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.11.475920</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Competing interactions give rise to two-state behavior and switch-like transitions in charge-rich intrinsically disordered proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.12.476057v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enhanced food motivation in obese mice is controlled by D1R expressing spiny projection neurons in the nucleus accumbens. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.12.476057v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Obesity is a chronic relapsing disorder that is caused by an excess of caloric intake relative to energy expenditure. In addition to homeostatic feeding mechanisms, there is growing recognition of the involvement of food reward and motivation in the development of obesity. However, it remains unclear how brain circuits that control food reward and motivation are altered in obese animals. Here, we tested the hypothesis that signaling through pro-motivational circuits in the core of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is enhanced in the obese state, leading to invigoration of food seeking. Using a novel behavioral assay that quantifies physical work during food seeking, we confirmed that obese mice work harder than lean mice to obtain food, consistent with an increase in the relative reinforcing value of food in the obese state. To explain this behavioral finding, we recorded neural activity in the NAc core with both in vivo electrophysiology and cell-type specific calcium fiber photometry. Here we observed greater activation of D1-receptor expressing NAc spiny projection neurons (NAc D1SPNs) during food seeking in obese mice relative to lean mice. With ex vivo slice physiology we identified both pre- and post-synaptic mechanisms that contribute to this enhancement in NAc D1SPN activity in obese mice. Finally, blocking synaptic transmission from D1SPNs decreased physical work during food seeking and attenuated high-fat diet-induced weight gain. These experiments demonstrate that obesity is associated with a selective increase in the activity of D1SPNs during food seeking, which enhances the vigor of food seeking. This work also establishes the necessity of D1SPNs in the development of diet-induced obesity, establishing these neurons as a potential therapeutic target for preventing obesity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Matikainen-Ankney, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Legaria, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vachez, Y. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, Y. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaefer, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGrath, Q. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bluitt, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norris, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creed, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kravitz, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.12.476057</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enhanced food motivation in obese mice is controlled by D1R expressing spiny projection neurons in the nucleus accumbens.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.12.476120v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An antibody targeting the N-terminal domain of SARS-CoV-2 disrupts the spike trimer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.12.476120v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The protective human antibody response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus focuses on the spike (S) protein which decorates the virion surface and mediates cell binding and entry. Most SARS-CoV-2 protective antibodies target the receptor- binding domain or a single dominant epitope ( supersite) on the N terminal domain (NTD). Here, using the single B cell technology LIBRA-seq, we isolated a large panel of NTD-reactive and SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies from an individual who had recovered from COVID-19. We found that neutralizing antibodies to the NTD supersite commonly are encoded by the IGHV1-24 gene, forming a genetic cluster that represents a public B cell clonotype. However, we also discovered a rare human antibody, COV2-3434, that recognizes a site of vulnerability on the SARS-CoV-2 S protein in the trimer interface and possesses a distinct class of functional activity. COV2-3434 disrupted the integrity of S protein trimers, inhibited cell-to-cell spread of virus in culture, and conferred protection in human ACE2 transgenic mice against SARS-CoV-2 challenge. This study provides insight about antibody targeting of the S protein trimer interface region, suggesting this region may be a site of virus vulnerability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Suryadevara, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shiakolas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>VanBlargan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Binshtein, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Case, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kramer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armstrong, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myers, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trivette, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gainza, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nargi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Selverian, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doranz, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handal, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carnahan, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamond, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Georgiev, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crowe, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.12.476120</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An antibody targeting the N-terminal domain of SARS-CoV-2 disrupts the spike trimer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.14.476362v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Contrast-enhanced microCT evaluation of degeneration following partial and full width injuries to mouse lumbar intervertebral disc 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.14.476362v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Study DesignPreclinical animal study

ObjectiveEvaluation of the degenerative progression resulting from either a partial- or full- width injury to the mouse lumbar intervertebral disc (IVD) using contrast-enhanced micro-computed tomography and histological analyses. We utilized a lateral-retroperitoneal surgical approach to access the lumbar IVD, and the injuries to the IVD were induced by either incising one side of the annulus fibrosus or puncturing both sides of the annulus fibrosus. The full-width injury caused dramatic reduction in nucleus pulposus hydration and significant degeneration. A partial-width injury produces localized deterioration around the annulus fibrosus that resulted in local tissue remodeling without gross degeneration to the IVD.

MethodsFemale C57BL/6J mice of 3-4 months age were used in this study. They were divided into three groups to undergo partial-width, full-width, or sham injuries. The L5/L6 and L6/S1 lumbar IVDs were surgically exposed using a lateral-retroperitoneal approach. The L6/S1 IVDs were injured using either a surgical scalpel (partial-width) or a 33G needle (full-width), with the L5/L6 serving as an internal control. These animals were allowed to recover and then sacrificed at 2-, 4-, or 8-weeks post-surgery. The IVDs were assessed for degeneration using contrast-enhanced microCT (CE{micro}CT) and histological analysis.

ResultsThe high-resolution 3D evaluation of the IVD confirmed that the respective injuries localized within one side of the annulus fibrosus or spanned the full width of the IVD. The full-width injury caused deteriorations in the nucleus pulposus after 2 weeks and progressed to significant degeneration at 8 weeks, while the partial width injury caused localized disruptions that remained limited to the annulus fibrosus.

ConclusionThe use of CE{micro}CT revealed distinct IVD degeneration profiles resulting from partial- and full- width injuries. The partial width injury may serve as an alternative for IVD degeneration resulting from localized annulus fibrosus injuries in humans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Walk, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moon, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.14.476362</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Contrast-enhanced microCT evaluation of degeneration following partial and full width injuries to mouse lumbar intervertebral disc]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.17.476650v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
How Glutamate Promotes Liquid-liquid Phase Separation and DNA Binding Cooperativity of E. coli SSB Protein 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.17.476650v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
E. coli single-stranded-DNA binding protein (EcSSB) displays nearest-neighbor (NN) and non-nearest-neighbor (NNN)) cooperativity in binding ssDNA during genome maintenance. NNN cooperativity requires the intrinsically-disordered linkers (IDL) of the C-terminal tails. Potassium glutamate (KGlu), the primary E. coli salt, promotes NNN-cooperativity, while KCl inhibits it. We find that KGlu promotes compaction of a single polymeric SSB-coated ssDNA beyond what occurs in KCl, indicating a link of compaction to NNN-cooperativity. EcSSB also undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), inhibited by ssDNA binding. We find that LLPS, like NNN-cooperativity, is promoted by increasing [KGlu] in the physiological range, while increasing [KCl] and/or deletion of the IDL eliminate LLPS, indicating similar interactions in both processes. From quantitative determinations of interactions of KGlu and KCl with protein model compounds, we deduce that the opposing effects of KGlu and KCl on SSB LLPS and cooperativity arise from their opposite interactions with amide groups. KGlu interacts unfavorably with the backbone (especially Gly) and side chain amide groups of the IDL and therefore promotes amide-amide interactions in LLPS and NNN-cooperativity. By contrast, KCl interacts favorably with these amide groups and therefore inhibits LLPS and NNN-cooperativity. These results highlight the importance of salt interactions in regulating the propensity of proteins to undergo LLPS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kozlov, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shinn, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiland, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shkel, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zytkiewicz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finkelstein, I. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Record, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lohman, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.17.476650</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[How Glutamate Promotes Liquid-liquid Phase Separation and DNA Binding Cooperativity of E. coli SSB Protein]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.18.476849v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exploring genomic data coupled with 3D chromatin structures using the WashU Epigenome Browser 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.18.476849v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biological functions are not only encoded by the genomes sequence but also regulated by its three-dimensional (3D) structure. More and more studies have revealed the importance of 3D chromatin structures in development and diseases; therefore, visualizing the connections between genome sequence, epigenomic dynamics (1D) and the 3D genome becomes a pressing need. The WashU Epigenome Browser introduces a new 3D visualization module to integrate visualization of 1D (such as sequence features, epigenomic data) and 2D data (such as chromosome conformation capture data) with 3D genome structure. Genomic coordinates are encoded in 3D models of the chromosomes; thus, all genomic information displayed on a 1D genome browser can be visualized on a 3D model, supported by genome browser utilities and facilitating interpretation of genomic data. Biological information that is difficult to illustrate in 1D becomes more intuitive when displayed in 3D, providing novel and powerful tools for investigators to hypothesize and understand the connections between biological functions and 3D genome structures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Purushotham, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harrison, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.18.476849</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exploring genomic data coupled with 3D chromatin structures using the WashU Epigenome Browser]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.19.476972v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Longitudinal Morphological and Functional Characterization of Human Heart Organoids Using Optical Coherence Tomography 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.19.476972v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Organoids play an increasingly important role as in vitro models for studying organ development, disease mechanisms, and drug discovery. Organoids are self-organizing, organ-like three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures developing organ-specific cell types and functions. Recently, three groups independently developed self-assembling human heart organoids (hHOs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). In this study, we utilized a customized spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) system to characterize the growth of hHOs. Development of chamber structures and beating patterns of the hHOs were observed via OCT and calcium imaging. We demonstrated the capability of OCT to produce 3D images in a fast, label-free, and non-destructive manner. The hHOs formed cavities of various sizes, and complex interconnections were observed as early as on day 4 of differentiation. The hHOs models and the OCT imaging system showed promising insights as an in vitro platform for investigating heart development and disease mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ming, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goestenkors, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis-Israeli, Y. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Volmert, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguirre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.19.476972</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Longitudinal Morphological and Functional Characterization of Human Heart Organoids Using Optical Coherence Tomography]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.21.477296v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nasally-delivered interferon-{lambda} protects mice against upper and lower respiratory tract infection of SARS-CoV-2 variants including Omicron 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.21.477296v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although vaccines and monoclonal antibody countermeasures have reduced the morbidity and mortality associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, variants with constellations of mutations in the spike gene threaten their efficacy. Accordingly, antiviral interventions that are resistant to further virus evolution are needed. The host-derived cytokine IFN-{lambda} has been proposed as a possible treatment based on correlative studies in human COVID-19 patients. Here, we show IFN-{lambda} protects against SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 (Beta) and B.1.1.529 (Omicron)variants in three strains of conventional and human ACE2 transgenic mice. Prophylaxis or therapy with nasally-delivered IFN-{lambda}2 limited infection of historical or variant (B.1.351 and B.1.1.529) SARS-CoV-2 strains in the upper and lower respiratory tracts without causing excessive inflammation. In the lung, IFN-{lambda} was produced preferentially in epithelial cells and acted on radio-resistant cells to protect against of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, inhaled IFN-{lambda} may have promise as a treatment for evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants that develop resistance to antibody-based countermeasures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chong, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karl, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halfmann, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawaoka, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winkler, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamond, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.21.477296</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nasally-delivered interferon-{lambda} protects mice against upper and lower respiratory tract infection of SARS-CoV-2 variants including Omicron]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.24.477543v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BOLD cofluctuation 'events' are predicted from static functional connectivity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.24.477543v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent work identified single time points ("events") of high regional cofluctuation in functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) which contain more large-scale brain network information than other, low cofluctuation time points. This suggested that events might be a discrete, temporally sparse signal which drives functional connectivity (FC) over the timeseries. However, a different, not yet explored possibility is that network information differences between time points are driven by sampling variability on a constant, static, noisy signal. Using a combination of real and simulated data, we examined the relationship between cofluctuation and network structure and asked if this relationship was unique, or if it could arise from sampling variability alone. First, we show that events are not discrete - there is a gradually increasing relationship between network structure and cofluctuation; [~]50% of samples show very strong network structure. Second, using simulations we show that this relationship is predicted from sampling variability on static FC. Finally, we show that randomly selected points can capture network structure about as well as events, largely because of their temporal spacing. Together, these results suggest that, while events exhibit particularly strong representations of static FC, there is little evidence that events are unique timepoints that drive FC structure. Instead, a parsimonious explanation for the data is that events arise from a single static, but noisy, FC structure.

HIGHLIGHTSO_LIPast results suggested high cofluctuation BOLD "events" drive fMRI functional connectivity, FC
C_LIO_LIHere, events were examined in both real fMRI data and a stationary null model to test this model
C_LIO_LIIn real data, >50% of BOLD timepoints show high modularity and similarity to time- averaged FC
C_LIO_LIStationary null models identified events with similar behavior to real data
C_LIO_LIEvents may not be a transient driver of static FC, but rather an expected outcome of it.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ladwig, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seitzman, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dworetsky, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adeyemo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petersen, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gratton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.24.477543</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BOLD cofluctuation 'events' are predicted from static functional connectivity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.28.478204v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multimodal single cell sequencing of human diabetic kidney disease implicates chromatin accessibility and genetic background in disease progression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.28.478204v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multimodal single cell sequencing is a powerful tool for interrogating cell-specific changes in transcription and chromatin accessibility. We performed single nucleus RNA (snRNA-seq) and assay for transposase accessible chromatin sequencing (snATAC-seq) on human kidney cortex from donors with and without diabetic kidney disease (DKD) to identify altered signaling pathways and transcription factors associated with DKD. Both snRNA-seq and snATAC-seq had an increased proportion of VCAM1+ injured proximal tubule cells (PT_VCAM1) in DKD samples. PT_VCAM1 has a pro-inflammatory expression signature and transcription factor motif enrichment implicated NFkB signaling. We used stratified linkage disequilibrium score regression to partition heritability of kidney-function-related traits using publicly-available GWAS summary statistics. Cell-specific PT_VCAM1 peaks were enriched for heritability of chronic kidney disease (CKD), suggesting that genetic background may regulate chromatin accessibility and DKD progression. snATAC-seq found cell-specific differentially accessible regions (DAR) throughout the nephron that change accessibility in DKD and these regions were enriched for glucocorticoid receptor (GR) motifs. Changes in chromatin accessibility were associated with decreased expression of insulin receptor, increased gluconeogenesis, and decreased expression of the GR cytosolic chaperone, FKBP5, in the diabetic proximal tubule. Cleavage under targets and release using nuclease (CUT&RUN) profiling of GR binding in bulk kidney cortex and an in vitro model of the proximal tubule (RPTEC) showed that DAR co-localize with GR binding sites. CRISPRi silencing of GR response elements (GRE) in the FKBP5 gene body reduced FKBP5 expression in RPTEC, suggesting that reduced FKBP5 chromatin accessibility in DKD may alter cellular response to GR. We developed an open-source tool for single cell allele specific analysis (SALSA) to model the effect of genetic background on gene expression. Heterozygous germline single nucleotide variants (SNV) in proximal tubule ATAC peaks were associated with allele-specific chromatin accessibility and differential expression of target genes within cis-coaccessibility networks. Partitioned heritability of proximal tubule ATAC peaks with a predicted allele-specific effect was enriched for eGFR, suggesting that genetic background may modify DKD progression in a cell-specific manner.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wilson, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muto, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karihaloo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waikar, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humphreys, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.28.478204</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multimodal single cell sequencing of human diabetic kidney disease implicates chromatin accessibility and genetic background in disease progression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.28.478270v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An allosteric agonist activates BK channels by perturbing coupling between Ca2+ binding and pore opening 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.28.478270v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BK type Ca2+-activated K+ channels activate in response to both the membrane voltage and intracellular Ca2+ with distinct mechanisms. Ca2+ binds to the cytosolic domain (CTD) to open the pore across the membrane, but the mechanism that couples Ca2+ binding to pore opening is not clear. Here we show that a compound, BC5, identified using in silico screening, interacts with BK channels at the interface between the CTD and the transmembrane voltage sensing domain (VSD) and enhances channel activity by specifically affecting the Ca2+ dependent mechanism. BC5 activates the channel in the absence of Ca2+ binding but Ca2+ binding inhibits BC5 effects. Thus, BC5 perturbs the pathway that couples Ca2+ binding to pore opening to allosterically affect both, which is supported by atomistic simulations and mutagensis. The results suggest that the CTD- VSD interaction makes a major contribution to the mechanism of Ca2+ dependent activation and is an important site for allosteric agonists to modulate BK channel activation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marras, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abella, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magleby, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.28.478270</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An allosteric agonist activates BK channels by perturbing coupling between Ca2+ binding and pore opening]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.01.475239v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Widespread contribution of transposable elements to the rewiring of mammalian 3D genomes and gene regulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.01.475239v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transposable elements (TEs) are major contributors of genetic material in mammalian genomes. These often include binding sites for architectural proteins, including the multifarious master protein, CTCF. These TE-derived architectural protein binding sites shape the 3D genome by creating loops, domains, and compartments borders as well as RNA-DNA chromatin interactions, all of which play a role in the compact packaging of DNA in the nucleus and have the potential to facilitate regulatory function.

In this study, we explore the widespread contribution of TEs to mammalian 3D genomes by quantifying the extent to which they give rise to loops and domain border differences across various cell types and species using a variety of 3D genome mapping technologies. We show that specific (sub-)families of TEs have significantly contributed to lineage-specific 3D chromatin structures in specific mammals. In many cases, these loops have the potential to facilitate interaction between distant cis-regulatory elements and target genes, and domains have the potential to segregate chromatin state to impact gene expression in a lineage-specific and cell-type-specific manner. Backing our extensive conformation study cataloguing and computational analyses, we perform experimental validation using CRISPR-Cas9 to delete one such candidate TE and show disruption of species-specific 3D chromatin structure.

Taken together, we comprehensively quantify and selectively validate our finding that TEs contribute significantly to 3D genome organization and continuously shape it to affect gene regulation during the course of mammalian evolution over deep time.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Choudhary, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quaid, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.01.475239</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Widespread contribution of transposable elements to the rewiring of mammalian 3D genomes and gene regulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.02.478828v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Apolipoprotein E4 has extensive conformational heterogeneity in lipid free and bound forms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.02.478828v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The {varepsilon}4-allele variant of Apolipoprotein E (ApoE4) is the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimers disease, though it only differs from its neutral counterpart ApoE3 by a single amino acid substitution. While ApoE4 influences the formation of plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, the structural determinants of pathogenicity remain undetermined due to limited structural information. We apply a combination of single-molecule spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations to construct an atomically-detailed model of monomeric ApoE4 and probe the effect of lipid association. Our data reveal that ApoE4 is far more disordered than previously thought and retains significant conformational heterogeneity after binding lipids. In particular, the behavior of the hinge region and C-terminal domain of ApoE4 differs substantially from that proposed in previous models and provides a crucial foundation for understanding how ApoE4 differs from non-pathogenic and protective variants of the protein.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stuchell-Brereton, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmerman, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mallimadugula, U. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Incicco, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baban, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeKoster, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frieden, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soranno, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.02.478828</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Apolipoprotein E4 has extensive conformational heterogeneity in lipid free and bound forms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.03.478963v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lung epithelial cell-derived C3 protects against pneumonia-induced lung injury 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.03.478963v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The complement component C3 is a fundamental plasma protein for host defense. However, recent work has demonstrated the critical importance of local C3 expression in cell survival. Here we analyzed the effects of local versus peripheral sources of C3 expression in a model of bacterial pneumonia. While mice with global C3 deficiency had severe pneumonia-induced lung injury, those deficient in liver-deficient C3 remain protected, comparable to wildtype mice.

Human lung transcriptome analysis showed secretory epithelial cells are a major source of C3. Mice with a C3 gene ablation from lung epithelial cells had worse pulmonary injury compared to wild type, despite maintaining normal circulating C3 levels. Finally, in human cellular and mouse pneumonia models, we show that C3 reduces epithelial cell death mediated through the alternative pathway component Factor B. Thus, our findings suggest that a locally-derived C3-Factor B pathway protects the lung mucosal barrier.

One Sentence SummaryLung-derived C3 mitigates severe bacterial pneumonia suggesting a novel cytoprotective role at mucosal barrier surfaces independent of circulating C3.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ozanturk, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahu, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kulkarni, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barve, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McPhatter, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garnica, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dannull, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brody, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atkinson, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kulkarni, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.03.478963</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lung epithelial cell-derived C3 protects against pneumonia-induced lung injury]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.03.478969v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phase separating RNA binding proteins form heterogeneous distributions of clusters in subsaturated solutions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.03.478969v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Macromolecular phase separation is thought to be one of the processes that drives the formation of membraneless biomolecular condensates in cells. The dynamics of phase separation, especially at low endogenous concentrations found in cells, are thought to follow the tenets of classical nucleation theory describing a sharp transition between a dense phase and a dilute phase characterized by dispersed monomers. Here, we used in vitro biophysical studies to study subsaturated solutions of phase separating RNA binding proteins with intrinsically disordered prion like domains (PLDs) and RNA binding domains (RBDs). Surprisingly, we find that subsaturated solutions are characterized by heterogeneous distributions of clusters comprising tens to hundreds of molecules. These clusters also include low abundance mesoscale species that are several hundreds of nanometers in diameter. Our results show that cluster formation in subsaturated solutions and phase separation in supersaturated solutions are strongly coupled via sequence-encoded interactions. Interestingly, however, cluster formation and phase separation can be decoupled from one another using solutes that impact the solubilities of phase separating proteins. They can also be decoupled by specific types of mutations. Overall, our findings implicate the presence of distinct, sequence-specific energy scales that contribute to the overall phase behaviors of RNA binding proteins. We discuss our findings in the context of theories of associative polymers.

Significance StatementMembraneless biomolecular condensates are molecular communities with distinct compositional preferences and functions. Considerable attention has focused on phase separation as the process that gives rise to condensates. Here, we show that subsaturated solutions of RNA binding proteins form heterogeneous distributions of clusters in subsaturated solutions. The formation of clusters in subsaturated solutions and condensates in supersaturated solution are coupled through sequence-specific interactions. Given the low endogenous concentrations of phase separating proteins, our findings suggest that clusters in subsaturated conditions might be of functional relevance in cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dar, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welsh, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vogel, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuhnemuth, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Majumdar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krainer, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franzmann, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alberti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seidel, C. A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyman, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.03.478969</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phase separating RNA binding proteins form heterogeneous distributions of clusters in subsaturated solutions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.09.479745v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pancreas resident macrophage-induced fibrosis has divergent roles in pancreas inflammatory injury and PDAC 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.09.479745v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) are long-lived cells that maintain locally and can be phenotypically distinct from monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). However, whether TRMs and MDMs have functional distinction under differing pathologies is not understood. Here, we show a significant portion of macrophages that accumulated during pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer were expanded from TRMs. We further established that pancreas TRMs have a distinct extracellular matrix remodeling phenotype that was critical for maintaining tissue homeostasis during inflammation. Loss of TRMs led to exacerbation of severe pancreatitis and animal death, due to impaired acinar cell survival and recovery. In pancreatitis, TRMs elicited protective effects by triggering the accumulation and activation of fibroblasts, which was necessary for initiating fibrosis as a wound healing response. The same TRM-driven fibrosis, however, drove pancreas cancer pathogenesis and progression. Together, these findings indicate that TRMs play divergent roles in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis and cancer through regulation of stromagenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Baer, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, L.-I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alarcon de la Lastra, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borcherding, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knolhoff, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bogner, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, K.-w.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fields, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mills, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Randolph, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeNardo, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.09.479745</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pancreas resident macrophage-induced fibrosis has divergent roles in pancreas inflammatory injury and PDAC]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.09.479789v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeting fatty acid beta-oxidation impairs monocyte differentiation and prolongs heart allograft survival 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.09.479789v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWMonocytes play an important role in the regulation of alloimmune responses after heart transplantation (HTx). Recent studies have highlighted the importance of immunometabolism in the differentiation and function of myeloid cells. While the importance of glucose metabolism in monocyte differentiation and function has been reported, a role for fatty acid {beta}-oxidation (FAO) has not been explored. Heterotopic HTx was performed using hearts from Balb/c donor mice implanted into C57Bl/6 recipient mice and treated with etomoxir (eto), an irreversible inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (Cpt1), a rate-limiting step of FAO, or vehicle control. FAO inhibition prolonged HTx survival, reduced early T cell infiltration/ activation and reduced dendritic cell (DC) and macrophage infiltration to heart allografts of eto-treated HTx recipients. ELISPOT demonstrated eto-treated HTx were less reactive to activated donor antigen presenting cells. FAO inhibition reduced monocyte-to-DC and monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Further, FAO inhibition did not alter the survival of heart allografts when transplanted into Ccr2-deficient recipients, suggesting the effects of FAO inhibition on reduced immune cell infiltration and increased heart allograft survival were dependent on monocyte mobilization. Finally, we confirmed the importance of FAO on monocyte differentiation in vivo using conditional deletion of Cpt1a. Our findings demonstrate that targeting FAO attenuates alloimmunity after HTx, in part through impairing monocyte differentiation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Terada, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shriver, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patti, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kreisel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gelman, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.09.479789</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeting fatty acid beta-oxidation impairs monocyte differentiation and prolongs heart allograft survival]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.10.479916v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
OzTracs: Optical Osmolality Reporters Engineered from Mechanosensitive Ion Channels 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.10.479916v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Interactions between physical forces and membrane proteins underpin many forms of environmental sensation and acclimation. Microbes survive sudden osmotic stresses with the help of mechanically gated ion channels and osmolyte transporters. Plant mechanosensitive ion channels have been shown to function in defense signaling. Here, we engineered genetically encoded osmolality sensors (OzTracs) by fusing green fluorescent protein spectral variants to the mechanosensitive ion channels MscL from E. coli or MSL10 from A. thaliana. When expressed in yeast cells, OzTrac sensors reported osmolality changes as a proportional change in emission ratio of the two fluorescent protein domains. Live-cell imaging revealed accumulation of fluorescent sensors in internal aggregates presumably derived from the endomembrane system. Thus, OzTrac sensors serve as osmolality-dependent reporters through an indirect mechanism, such as effects on molecular crowding or fluorophore solvation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kleist, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, I. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maksaev, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadoine, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haswell, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frommer, W. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wudick, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.10.479916</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[OzTracs: Optical Osmolality Reporters Engineered from Mechanosensitive Ion Channels]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.15.480568v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Perinatal Oxycodone Exposure Causes Long Term Sex-Dependent Changes in Sensory and Reward Processing in Adult Mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.15.480568v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In utero opioid exposure is associated with lower weight and a Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome (NOWS) at birth, along with longer-term adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes and mood disorders. While NOWS is sometimes treated with continued opioids, clinical studies have not addressed if long-term neurobehavioral outcomes are worsened with continued postnatal exposure to opioids. In addition, pre-clinical studies comparing in utero only opioid exposure to continued post-natal opioid administration for withdrawal mitigation are lacking. Therefore, we implemented a rodent perinatal opioid exposure model of Oxycodone (Oxy) exposure for comparison of long-term consequences of Oxy exposure until birth (Short Oxy) to the impact of continued postnatal opioid exposure (Long Oxy) spanning gestation through birth and lactation. Short Oxy exposure was associated with a sex-specific increase in weight gain trajectory in adult male mice. Long Oxy exposure caused an increased weight gain trajectory in adult males, sex-dependent changes in morphine conditioned place preference, and alterations in nociceptive processing in females. Importantly, there was no evidence of long-term social behavioral deficits, anxiety, hyperactivity, or memory deficits following Short or Long Oxy exposure. Our findings suggest that offspring with prolonged opioid exposure experienced some long-term sequelae compared to pups with opioid cessation at birth. These results highlight the potential long-term consequences of opioid administration as a mitigation strategy for clinical NOWS symptomology and suggest alternatives should be explored.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Minakova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mikati, M. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madasu, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conway, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baldwin, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swift, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCullough, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maloney, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Hasani, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.15.480568</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Perinatal Oxycodone Exposure Causes Long Term Sex-Dependent Changes in Sensory and Reward Processing in Adult Mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.21.481340v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multimodal Thrombectomy Device for Treatment of Acute Deep Venous Thrombosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.21.481340v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a potentially deadly medical condition that is costly to treat and impacts thousands of Americans every year. DVT is characterized by the formation of blood clots within the deep venous system of the body. If a DVT dislodges it can lead to venous thromboembolism (VTE) and pulmonary embolism (PE), both of which can lead to significant morbidity or death. Current treatment options for DVT are limited in both effectiveness and safety, in part because the treatment of the DVT cannot be confined to a defined sequestered treatment zone. We therefore developed and tested a thrombectomy device that enables the sequesteration of a DVT to a defined treatment zone during fragmentation and evacuation. We observed that, compared to a predicate thrombectomy device, the sequestered approach reduced distal DVT embolization during ex vivo thrombectomy. The sequestered approach also facilitated isovolumetric infusion and suction that enabled clearance of the sequestered treatment zone without significantly impacting vein wall diameter. Results suggest that our novel device using sequestered therapy holds promise for the treatment of high risk large-volume DVTs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ismail, U. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rowe, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cashin, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genin, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zayed, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.21.481340</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multimodal Thrombectomy Device for Treatment of Acute Deep Venous Thrombosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.24.481844v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quality assessment and refinement of chromatin accessibility data using a sequence-based predictive model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.24.481844v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromatin accessibility assays are central to the genome-wide identification of gene regulatory elements associated with transcriptional regulation. However, the data have highly variable quality arising from several biological and technical factors. To surmount this problem, we use the predictability of open-chromatin peaks from DNA sequence-based machine-learning models to evaluate and refine chromatin accessibility data. Our framework, gapped k-mer SVM quality check (gkmQC), provides the quality metrics for a sample based on the prediction accuracy of the trained models. We tested 886 samples with DNase-seq from the ENCODE/Roadmap projects to demonstrate that gkmQC can effectively identify high-quality samples underperforming owing to marginal read depths. Peaks identified in high-quality samples by gkmQC are more accurately aligned at functional regulatory elements, show greater enrichment of regulatory elements harboring functional variants from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and explain greater heritability of phenotypes from their relevant tissues. Moreover, gkmQC can optimize the peak-calling threshold to identify additional peaks, especially for single-cell chromatin accessibility data as well as bulk data. Here we provide a standalone open-source toolkit (https://github.com/Dongwon-Lee/gkmQC) for such analyses and share improved regulatory maps using gkmQC. These resources will contribute to the functional interpretation of disease-associated regulatory genetic variation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Han, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muto, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakravarti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humphreys, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sampson, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.24.481844</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quality assessment and refinement of chromatin accessibility data using a sequence-based predictive model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.26.482110v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Macrophage depletion blocks congenital SARM1-dependent neuropathy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.26.482110v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Axon loss contributes to many common neurodegenerative disorders. In healthy axons, the axon survival factor NMNAT2 inhibits SARM1, the central executioner of programmed axon degeneration. We identified two rare NMNAT2 missense variants in two brothers afflicted with a progressive neuropathy syndrome. The polymorphisms result in amino acid substitutions, V98M and R232Q, which reduce NMNAT2 NAD+-synthetase activity. We generated a mouse model of the human syndrome and found that Nmnat2V98M/Nmnat2R232Q compound-heterozygous CRISPR mice survive to adulthood but develop progressive motor dysfunction, peripheral axon loss, and macrophage infiltration. These disease phenotypes are all SARM1-dependent. Remarkably, macrophage depletion therapy blocks and reverses neuropathic phenotypes in Nmnat2V98M/R232Q mice, identifying a SARM1-dependent neuroimmune mechanism as a key driver of disease pathogenesis. These findings demonstrate that SARM1 induces an inflammatory neuropathy and highlight the potential of immune therapy to treat this rare syndrome and other neurodegenerative conditions associated with NMNAT2 loss and SARM1 activation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dingwall, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strickland, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yum, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yim, A. K. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamada, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasaki, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bloom, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiAntonio, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milbrandt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.26.482110</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Macrophage depletion blocks congenital SARM1-dependent neuropathy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.26.482111v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Oropouche orthobunyavirus infection is mediated by the cellular host factor Lrp1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.26.482111v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Oropouche orthobunyavirus (OROV; Peribunyaviridae) is a mosquito-transmitted virus that causes widespread cases of human febrile illness in South America, with occasional progression to neurologic effects. Host entry factors mediating cellular entry of OROV are undefined. Here, we show that OROV requires the host protein low density lipoprotein-related protein 1 (Lrp1) for cellular infection. Cells from evolutionarily distinct species lacking Lrp1 were less permissive to OROV infection than cells with Lrp1. Treatment of cells with either the high-affinity Lrp1 ligand receptor-associated protein (RAP) or recombinant ectodomain truncations of Lrp1 significantly reduced OROV infection. Thus, Lrp1 is an important host factor required for infection of cells by OROV. Taken together with our results showing that Lrp1 is a newly identified receptor for Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), Lrp1 may play a broader role in cellular infection by bunyaviruses than previously appreciated.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schwarz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Price, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ganaie, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mishra, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoehl, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fatma, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stubbs, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whelan, S. P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egawa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leung, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amarasinghe, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartman, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.26.482111</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Oropouche orthobunyavirus infection is mediated by the cellular host factor Lrp1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.28.482415v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Acentrosomal spindles assemble from branching microtubule nucleation near chromosomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.28.482415v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microtubules are generated at centrosomes, chromosomes, and within spindles during cell division. Whereas microtubule nucleation at the centrosome is well characterized, much remains unknown about where, when, and how microtubules are nucleated at chromosomes. To address these questions, we reconstituted microtubule nucleation from purified chromosomes in meiotic Xenopus egg extract and found that chromosomes alone can form spindles. We visualized microtubule nucleation at chromosomes using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy to find that this occurs through branching microtubule nucleation. The initial branches nucleate near and towards kinetochores, helping explain how kinetochores might be efficiently captured. By depleting molecular motors, we find that the organization of the resultant polar branched networks is consistent with a theoretical model where the effectors for branching nucleation are released by chromosomes, forming a concentration gradient around them that spatially biases branching nucleation. In the presence of motors, these branched networks are organized into multipolar spindles.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gouveia, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Setru, S. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stone, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaevitz, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petry, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.28.482415</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Acentrosomal spindles assemble from branching microtubule nucleation near chromosomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.28.482437v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Isolation of a potently neutralizing and protective human monoclonal antibody targeting yellow fever virus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.28.482437v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Yellow fever virus (YFV) causes sporadic outbreaks of infection in South America and sub-Saharan Africa. While live-attenuated yellow fever virus vaccines based on three substrains of 17D are considered some of the most effective vaccines in use, problems with production and distribution have created large populations of unvaccinated, vulnerable individuals in endemic areas. To date, specific antiviral therapeutics have not been licensed for human use against YFV or any other related flavivirus. Recent advances in monoclonal antibody (mAb) technology have allowed for identification of numerous candidate therapeutics targeting highly pathogenic viruses, including many flaviviruses. Here, we sought to identify a highly neutralizing antibody targeting YFV envelope (E) protein as a therapeutic candidate. We used human B cell hybridoma technology to isolate mAbs from the circulating memory B cells from human YFV vaccine recipients. These antibodies bound to recombinant YFV E protein and recognized at least five major antigenic sites on E. Two mAbs (designated YFV-136 and YFV-121) recognized a shared antigenic site and neutralized the YFV 17D vaccine strain in vitro. YFV-136 also potently inhibited infection by multiple wild-type YFV strains, in part, at a post-attachment step in the virus replication cycle. YFV-136 showed therapeutic protection in two animal models of YFV challenge including hamsters and immunocompromised mice engrafted with human hepatocytes. These studies define features of the antigenic landscape on YFV E protein recognized by the human B cell response and identify a therapeutic antibody candidate that inhibits infection and disease caused by highly virulent strains of YFV.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Crowe, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doyle, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genualdi, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bailey, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kose, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gainza, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reeder, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jethva, P. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sutton, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bombardi, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gross, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Julander, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fremont, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamond, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.28.482437</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Isolation of a potently neutralizing and protective human monoclonal antibody targeting yellow fever virus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.07.483344v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effects of chronic cannabidiol in a mouse model of naturally occurring neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and spontaneous seizures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.07.483344v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cannabidiol (CBD) has gained attention as a therapeutic agent and is purported to have immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, and anti-seizure effects. Here, we determined the effects of chronic CBD administration in a mouse model of CLN1 disease (Cln1-/-) that simultaneously exhibits neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and spontaneous seizures. Proteomic analysis showed that putative CBD receptors are expressed at similar levels in the brains of Cln1-/- mice compared to normal animals. Cln1-/- mice received an oral dose (100mg/kg/day) of CBD for six months and were evaluated for changes in pathological markers of disease and seizures. Chronic cannabidiol administration was well-tolerated, high levels of CBD were detected in the brain, and markers of astrocytosis and microgliosis were reduced. However, CBD had no apparent effect on seizure frequency or neuron survival. These data are consistent with CBD having immunomodulatory effects. It is possible that a higher dose of CBD could also reduce neurodegeneration and seizure frequency.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dearborn, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelvagal, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rensing, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughes, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wishart, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sands, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.07.483344</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effects of chronic cannabidiol in a mouse model of naturally occurring neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and spontaneous seizures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.11.483984v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cortical interneuron loss and seizure generation as novel clinically relevant disease phenotypes in Cln2R207X mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.11.483984v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AimsCLN2 disease is a fatal inherited childhood neurodegenerative disorder. Although a disease-modifying therapy now exists, a fundamental lack of understanding of disease pathogenesis has hampered development of more effective therapies. To better understand the cellular pathophysiology of CLN2 disease, we investigated the nature and progression of neuropathological and neurological changes in the recently generated Cln2R207X mouse.

MethodsWe have detailed microglial activation, astrogliosis, cytokine and chemokine expression, and neuron loss across the forebrain and spinal cords of Cln2R207X mice, along with quantitative gait analysis. We also performed long-term electroencephalography (EEG) recordings to characterize seizure activity, a clinically-relevant phenotype yet to be defined in any CLN2 disease model.

ResultsHistology revealed early localized microglial activation months before neuron loss in the thalamocortical system and spinal cord, which was accompanied by astrogliosis. These pathological changes were more pronounced and occurred in the cortex before the thalamus or spinal cord. There were early-onset and progressive changes in the expression of specific chemokines and cytokines including IL-33, IP-10, and MIP-1. Gait analysis revealed impaired performance only at disease end stage. EEG recordings revealed robust and progressive epileptiform activity from disease mid-stage including spontaneous seizures, which were accompanied by a profound loss of cortical GABAergic interneurons.

ConclusionsOur data reveal novel phenotypes in Cln2R207X mice that differ markedly in their timing and progression through the CNS from other NCL mouse models. Our findings provide new insights on CLN2 disease pathogenesis and clinically-relevant readouts for future therapeutic studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Takahashi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eultgen, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rensing, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelvagal, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dearborn, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sands, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.11.483984</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cortical interneuron loss and seizure generation as novel clinically relevant disease phenotypes in Cln2R207X mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.13.484154v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tension anisotropy drives phenotypic transitions of cells via two-way cell-ECM feedback 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.13.484154v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mechanical factors such as stress in the extracellular environment are known to affect phenotypic commitment of cells. However, the stress fields experienced by cells in tissues are multiaxial, and the ways that cells integrate this multiaxial information are largely unknown. Here, we report that the anisotropy of these stress fields is a critical factor triggering phenotypic transition in fibroblast cells, outweighing the previously reported role of stress amplitude. Using a combined experimental and computational approach, we discovered a self-reinforcing mechanism in which cellular protrusions interact with collagen fibers to develop tension anisotropy, which in turn stabilizes protrusions and amplifies their contractile forces. Disruption of this self-reinforcing process, either by reducing tension anisotropy or by inhibiting contractile protrusions, prevented phenotypic conversion of fibroblasts to contractile myofibroblasts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alisafaei, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shakiba, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iannucci, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pryse, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, P.-h. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burdick, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lake, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shenoy, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.13.484154</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tension anisotropy drives phenotypic transitions of cells via two-way cell-ECM feedback]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.13.484188v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Loss of Stathmin-2, a hallmark of TDP-43-associated ALS, causes motor neuropathy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.13.484188v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
TDP-43 mediates proper Stathmin-2 (STMN2) mRNA splicing, and STMN2 protein is reduced in the spinal cord of most ALS patients. To test the hypothesis that STMN2 loss contributes to ALS pathogenesis, we generated constitutive and conditional STMN2 knockout mice. Constitutive STMN2 loss results in early-onset sensory and motor neuropathy featuring impaired motor behavior and dramatic distal neuromuscular junction (NMJ) denervation of fast-fatigable motor units, which are selectively vulnerable in ALS, without axon or motoneuron degeneration. Selective excision of STMN2 in motoneurons leads to similar NMJ pathology. STMN2 KO heterozygous mice, which better model the partial loss of STMN2 protein found in ALS patients, display a slowly progressive, motor-selective neuropathy with functional deficits and NMJ denervation. Thus, our findings strongly support the hypothesis that STMN2 reduction due to TDP-43 pathology contributes to ALS pathogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Krus, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strickland, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamada, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devault, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bloom, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milbrandt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiAntonio, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.13.484188</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Loss of Stathmin-2, a hallmark of TDP-43-associated ALS, causes motor neuropathy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.16.483999v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolution of transposable element-derived enhancer activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.16.483999v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many transposable elements (TEs) contain transcription factor binding sites and are implicated as potential regulatory elements. However, TEs are rarely functionally tested for regulatory activity, which in turn limits our understanding of how TE regulatory activity has evolved. We systematically tested the human LTR18A subfamily for regulatory activity using massively parallel reporter assay (MPRA) and found AP-1 and C/EBP-related binding motifs as drivers of enhancer activity. Functional analysis of evolutionarily reconstructed ancestral sequences revealed that LTR18A elements have generally lost regulatory activity over time through sequence changes, with the largest effects occurring due to mutations in the AP-1 and C/EBP motifs. We observed that the two motifs are conserved at higher rates than expected based on neutral evolution. Finally, we identified LTR18A elements as potential enhancers in the human genome, primarily in epithelial cells. Together, our results provide a model for the origin, evolution, and co-option of TE-derived regulatory elements.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Du, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sundaram, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensen, N. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaudhari, H. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saccone, N. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.16.483999</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolution of transposable element-derived enhancer activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.22.485313v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Urbanization alters phenology of plant reproduction, foliar infection, and herbivory 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.22.485313v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LIUrbanization involves numerous environmental changes that may affect the timing of plant reproduction and foliar damage by pathogens, herbivores, and human activities. Yet such relationships have not been examined simultaneously in plant populations across levels of urbanization.
C_LIO_LIWe conducted monthly surveys of 22 populations of Plantago lanceolata and P. rugelii in parks spanning an urbanization gradient. We quantified plant reproductive development and prevalence of powdery mildew infection, insect herbivory, and mowing damage. Additionally, we placed potted "sentinel" plants into field populations to directly measure infection and herbivory rates.
C_LIO_LIUrbanization was associated with earlier flowering and more seed production for P. rugelii, but less seed maturation for P. lanceolata. Mildew epidemics on P. rugelii started earlier and achieved greater prevalence in more urban sites. Correspondingly, sentinels only became infected in suburban and urban sites. There was less infection on P. lanceolata, including sentinels, suggesting low availability of pathogen genotypes able to infect this species. Early-summer herbivory on both plant species was accelerated in urban sites.
C_LIO_LIUrbanization has species-specific associations with reproductive phenology and is associated with increased early-summer herbivory, larger epidemics of a foliar pathogen, and more mowing damage on two weedy herbs
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fox, Q. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bugay, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grant, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaw, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farah, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penczykowski, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.22.485313</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Urbanization alters phenology of plant reproduction, foliar infection, and herbivory]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.22.485346v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Small Molecule Modulation of the Archetypal UbiB protein COQ8 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.22.485346v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Small molecule tools have enabled mechanistic investigations and therapeutic targeting of the protein kinase-like (PKL) superfamily. However, such tools are still lacking for many PKL members, including the highly conserved and disease-related UbiB family. Here, we sought to develop and characterize inhibitor and activator molecules for the archetypal UbiB member, COQ8, whose function is essential for coenzyme Q (CoQ) biosynthesis. Guided by crystallography, activity assays, and cellular CoQ measurements, we repurposed the 4-anilinoquinoline scaffold to selectively inhibit human COQ8A in cells. Second, using 1H-13C HMQC NMR and hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, we reveal that the CoQ precursor mimetic, 2-propylphenol (2-PP), modulates the quintessential UbiB KxGQ domain to increase COQ8A nucleotide affinity and ATPase activity. Our newfound chemical tools promise to lend new mechanistic insights into the activities of these widespread and understudied proteins and to offer potential therapeutic strategies for human diseases connected to their dysfunction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Murray, N. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asquith, C. R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pabon, J. P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ptak, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasta, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimprich, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corona, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robers, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bingman, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gross, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henzler-Wildman, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pagliarini, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.22.485346</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Small Molecule Modulation of the Archetypal UbiB protein COQ8]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.23.485543v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Prevalence of Bourbon and Heartland viruses in field collected ticks at an environmental field station in St. Louis County, Missouri, USA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.23.485543v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Heartland and Bourbon viruses are pathogenic tick-borne viruses putatively transmitted by Amblyomma americanum, an abundant tick species in Missouri. To assess the prevalence of these viruses in ticks, we collected 2778 ticks from 8 sampling sites at Tyson Research Center, an environmental field station within St. Louis County and close to the City of St. Louis, from May - July in 2019 and 2021. Ticks were pooled according to life stage and sex, grouped by year and sampling site to create 355 pools and screened by RT-qPCR for Bourbon and Heartland viruses. Overall, 14 (3.9%) and 27 (7.6%) of the pools were positive for Bourbon virus and Heartland virus respectively. In 2019, 11 and 23 pools were positive for Bourbon and Heartland viruses respectively. These positives pools were of males, females and nymphs. In 2021, there were 4 virus positive pools out of which 3 were positive for both viruses and were comprised of females and nymphs. Five out of the 8 sampling sites were positive for at least one virus. This included a site that was positive for both viruses in both years. Detection of these viruses in an area close to a relatively large metropolis presents a greater public health threat than previously thought.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aziati, I. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McFarland, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aviles Gamboa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harastani, H. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adalsteinsson, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.23.485543</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Prevalence of Bourbon and Heartland viruses in field collected ticks at an environmental field station in St. Louis County, Missouri, USA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.25.485799v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neuroimaging within the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer's Network (DIAN): PET and MRI 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.25.485799v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN) Observational Study is an international collaboration studying autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease (ADAD). This rare form of Alzheimer disease (AD) is caused by mutations in the presenilin 1 (PSEN1), presenilin 2 (PSEN2), or amyloid precursor protein (APP) genes. As individuals from these families have a 50% chance of inheriting the familial mutation, this provides researchers with a well-matched cohort of carriers vs non-carriers for case-control studies. An important trait of ADAD is that the age at symptom onset is highly predictable and consistent for each specific mutation, allowing researchers to estimate an individuals point in their disease time course prior to symptom onset. Although ADAD represents only a small proportion (approximately 0.1%) of all AD cases, studying this form of AD allows researchers to investigate preclinical AD and the progression of changes that occur within the brain prior to AD symptom onset. Furthermore, the young age at symptom onset (typically 30-60 years) means age-related comorbidities are much less prevalent than in sporadic AD, thereby allowing AD pathophysiology to be studied independent of these confounds. A major goal of the DIAN Observational Study is to create a global resource for AD researchers. To that end, the current manuscript provides an overview of the DIAN magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) protocols and highlights the key imaging results of this study to date.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McKay, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hornbeck, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jack, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koeppe, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flores, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keefe, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hobbs, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joseph-Mathurin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahmani, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCullough, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koudelis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chua, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ances, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Millar, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nickels, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perrin, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allegri, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berman, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brooks, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cash, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chhatwal, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farlow, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fox, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fulham, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghetti, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graff-Radford, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ikeuchi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Day, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klunk, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martins, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masters, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mori, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McConathy, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rowe, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salloway, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez-Valle, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schofield, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>S</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.25.485799</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neuroimaging within the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer's Network (DIAN): PET and MRI]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.07.487545v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Visualizing Molecular Interactions that Determine Assembly of a Bullet-Shaped Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Particle 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.07.487545v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a negative-strand RNA virus with a non-segmented genome, closely related to rabies virus. Both have characteristic bullet-like shapes. We report the structure of intact, infectious VSV particles determined by cryogenic electron microscopy. By compensating for polymorphism among viral particles with computational classification, we obtained a reconstruction of the shaft ("trunk") at 3.5 [A] resolution, with lower resolution for the rounded tip. The ribonucleoprotein (RNP), genomic RNA complexed with nucleoprotein (N), curls into a dome-like structure with about eight gradually expanding turns before transitioning into the regular helical trunk. Two layers of matrix (M) protein link the RNP with the membrane. Radial inter-layer subunit contacts are fixed within single RNA-N-M1-M2 modules, but flexible lateral and axial interactions allow assembly of polymorphic virions. Together with published structures of recombinant N in various states, our results suggest a mechanism for membrane- coupled self-assembly of VSV and its relatives.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jenni, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horwitz, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bloyet, L.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whelan, S. J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harrison, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.07.487545</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Visualizing Molecular Interactions that Determine Assembly of a Bullet-Shaped Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Particle]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.10.487814v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CAPG is required for Ebola virus infection by controlling virus egress from infected cells. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.10.487814v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Replication of Ebola virus (EBOV) is dependent upon actin functionality, especially at cell entry through macropinocytosis and at release of virus from cells. Previously, major actin-regulatory factors such as Rac1 and ARP2/3, involved in actin nucleation were shown important in both steps. However, downstream of nucleation, many other cell factors, are needed to control actin dynamics. How these regulate EBOV infection remains largely unknown. Here, we identified the actin-regulating protein, CAPG, as important for EBOV replication. Notably, knockdown (KD) of CAPG specifically inhibited viral infectivity and yield of infectious particles. Mechanistic analysis revealed a requirement of CAPG for virus production from infected cells. Proximity ligation and split GFP reconstitution assays revealed strong association of CAPG with VP40 that was mediated through the S1 domain of CAPG. Overall, CAPG is a novel host factor regulating EBOV infection through connecting actin filament stabilization to viral egress from cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mori, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Connell, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donahue, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boytz, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patten, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leung, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lacount, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davey, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.10.487814</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CAPG is required for Ebola virus infection by controlling virus egress from infected cells.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.12.488073v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A recombinant murine rotavirus with Nano-Luciferase expression reveals tissue tropism, replication dynamics, and virus transmission 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.12.488073v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rotaviruses (RVs) are one of the main causes of severe gastroenteritis, diarrhea, and death in children and young animals. Although suckling mice prove to be highly useful small animal models of RV infection and pathogenesis, direct visualization tools are lacking to track the temporal dynamics of RV replication and transmissibility in vivo. Here, we report the generation of the first recombinant murine RV that encodes a Nano-Luciferase reporter (NLuc) using a newly optimized RV reverse genetics system. The NLuc-expressing RV was replication-competent in cell culture and both infectious and virulent in neonatal mice in vivo. Strong luciferase signals were detected in the proximal and distal small intestines, colon, and mesenteric lymph nodes. We showed, via a noninvasive in vivo imaging system, that RV intestinal replication peaked at day 2 and day 5 post infection. Moreover, we successfully tracked RV transmission to uninoculated littermates as early as 3 days post infection, 1 day prior to clinically apparent diarrhea and 3 days prior to detectable fecal RV shedding in the uninoculated littermates. We also observed significantly increased viral replication in Stat1 knockout mice that lack the host interferon signaling. Our results suggest that the NLuc RV represents a non-lethal powerful tool for the studies of tissue tropism and host and viral factors that regulate RV replication and spread, as providing a new mechanism to facilitate the testing of prophylactic and therapeutic interventions in the future.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez-Tacuba, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawagishi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenberg, H. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.12.488073</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A recombinant murine rotavirus with Nano-Luciferase expression reveals tissue tropism, replication dynamics, and virus transmission]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.13.487655v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-omics analyses cannot identify true-positive novel associations from underpowered genome-wide association studies of four brain-related traits 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.13.487655v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe integration of multi-omics information (e.g., epigenetics and transcriptomics) can be useful for interpreting findings from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). It has additionally been suggested that multi-omics may aid in novel variant discovery, thus circumventing the need to increase GWAS sample sizes. We tested whether incorporating multi-omics information in earlier and smaller sized GWAS boosts true-positive discovery of genes that were later revealed by larger GWAS of the same/similar traits.

MethodsWe applied ten different analytic approaches to integrating multi-omics data from twelve sources (e.g., Genotype-Tissue Expression project) to test whether earlier and smaller GWAS of 4 brain-related traits (i.e., alcohol use disorder/problematic alcohol use [AUD/PAU], major depression [MDD], schizophrenia [SCZ], and intracranial volume [ICV]) could detect genes that were revealed by a later and larger GWAS.

ResultsMulti-omics data did not reliably identify novel genes in earlier less powered GWAS (PPV<0.2; 80% false-positive associations). Machine learning predictions marginally increased the number of identified novel genes, correctly identifying 1-8 additional genes, but only for well-powered early GWAS of highly heritable traits (i.e., ICV and SCZ). Multi-omics, particularly positional mapping (i.e., fastBAT, MAGMA, and H-MAGMA), was useful for prioritizing genes within genome-wide significant loci (PPVs = 0.5 - 1.0).

ConclusionsAlthough the integration of multi-omics information, particularly when multiple methods agree, helps prioritize GWAS findings and translate them into information about disease biology, it does not substantively increase novel gene discovery in brain-related GWAS. To increase power for discovery of novel genes and loci, increasing sample size is a requirement.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Baranger, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatoum, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polimanti, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gelernter, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edenberg, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bogdan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agrawal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.13.487655</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-omics analyses cannot identify true-positive novel associations from underpowered genome-wide association studies of four brain-related traits]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.13.487939v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 variant infection of human colon epithelial cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.13.487939v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Omicron B.1.1.529 became the predominant SARS-CoV-2 variant in early 2022, causing a new wave of public anxiety. Compared to the ancestral strain, Omicron has 50 mutations, with over 30 mutations in the spike protein. These differences likely underlie the changes in Omicron biology noted in other studies, including an attenuation in the lung parenchyma, compared to the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain and other variants, as well as a preference for endosomal entry, in place of the TMPRSS2-mediated membrane fusion pathway. This raises questions on Omicron tropism and infectivity in various target organ systems, including the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Up to 70% of COVID-19 patients report GI symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Here, we show that in the context of donor intrinsic genetic heterogeneity, the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infects human colonoids similarly, if not less effectively, than the ancestral WT (WA1) strain or the Delta variant. Additionally, we note a higher ratio of viral RNA to infectious virus titer, which may suggest that Omicron is potentially less infectious in the intestine. This study lays the foundation for further work defining mechanisms mediating intestinal infection and pathogenesis by Omicron.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Antia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarado, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ciorba, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.13.487939</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 variant infection of human colon epithelial cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.19.488812v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Language and the cerebellum: structural connectivity to the eloquent brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.19.488812v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurobiological models of receptive language have focused on the left-hemisphere perisylvian cortex with the assumption that the cerebellum supports peri-linguistic cognitive processes such as verbal working memory. The goal of this study was to identify language-sensitive regions of the cerebellum then map the structural connectivity profile of these regions. Functional imaging data and diffusion-weighted imaging data from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) were analyzed. We found that (a) working memory, motor activity, and language comprehension activated partially overlapping but mostly unique subregions of the cerebellum; (b) the linguistic portion of the cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuit was more extensive than the linguistic portion of the cortico-ponto-cerebellar tract; (c) there was a frontal-lobe bias in the connectivity from the cerebellum to the cerebrum; (d) there was some degree of specificity; and (e) for some cerebellar tracts, individual differences in picture identification ability covaried with fractional anisotropy metrics. These findings yield insights into the structural connectivity of the cerebellum as relates to the uniquely human process of language comprehension.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jobson, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffman, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metoki, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Popal, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dick, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reilly, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, I. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.19.488812</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Language and the cerebellum: structural connectivity to the eloquent brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.27.489651v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Retinotopic organization of feedback projections in primate early visual cortex: implications for active vision 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.27.489651v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Feedback connections play a major role in many theories of brain function. Previous studies of feedback connections to early visual areas have mainly concentrated on the representation of central visual fields. Here, injections of tracers at different eccentricities in areas V1 and V2 revealed retinotopically organized feedback. Peripheral injections revealed projections from 15 areas that are not labeled by central injections. Connection strengths for the majority of projections vary significantly with eccentricity in a systematic fashion with respect to distance and origin; whereas projections to central and upper visual fields are significantly stronger from ventral stream areas, peripheral and lower field projections are stronger from the dorsal stream. Non-invasive functional connectivity suggests a similar anatomical organization in humans. These features are discussed with respect to the cognitive and perceptual roles of these feedback pathways.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magrou, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Autio, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Misery, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coalson, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reid, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamy, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Falchier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poo, M.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dehay, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glasser, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayashi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knoblauch, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Essen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.27.489651</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Retinotopic organization of feedback projections in primate early visual cortex: implications for active vision]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.27.489695v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cortex-wide fast activation of VIP-expressing inhibitory neurons by reward and punishment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.27.489695v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Reward and punishment powerfully inform ongoing behaviors and drive learning throughout the brain, including neocortex. Yet it remains elusive how these global signals are represented and impact local cortical computations. Previously we found that in auditory cortex, VIP-expressing interneurons are recruited by reinforcement feedback. Here, we used 3D random-access two-photon microscopy and fiber photometry to monitor VIP neural activity in dozens of cortical areas while mice learned an auditory decision task. We show that reward and punishment evoke a rapid, cortex-wide activation of most VIP interneurons. This global recruitment mode of VIP interneurons showed variations in temporal dynamics in individual neurons and across areas. Neither their weak sensory tuning in visual cortex, nor their arousal state modulation was predictive of reinforcer responses of VIP interneurons. We suggest that VIP-expressing cortical inhibitory neurons transduce global reinforcement signals to provide disinhibitory control over local circuit computations and their plasticity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Szadai, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pi, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chevy, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ocsai, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albeanu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiovini, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szalay, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katona, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kepecs, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rozsa, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.27.489695</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cortex-wide fast activation of VIP-expressing inhibitory neurons by reward and punishment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.27.489709v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dapagliflozin improves endothelial integrity and hemodynamics in endotoxin treated mice through an apolipoprotein M dependent pathway 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.27.489709v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RationaleSodium-glucose co-transporter inhibitors (SGLT2i) are under active clinical investigation in patients with acute inflammatory conditions, based on their clinical cardio-and nephroprotective effects, and a pre-clinical study that demonstrated SGLT2i improve renal outcomes and survival in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model. However, a unified mechanism that explains how SGLT2i could prevent hemodynamic consequences of inflammatory conditions has not been described. Apolipoprotein M (ApoM) is inversely associated with mortality in inflammatory conditions and improves cardiac function in endotoxin-treated mice via sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling.

ObjectiveTest the hypothesis that pre-treatment with SGLT2i dapagliflozin (Dapa) improves hemodynamics in endotoxin-treated mice via the ApoM/S1P pathway.

Methods and ResultsMice with diet-induced obesity were gavaged with vehicle or Dapa for 4 days prior to LPS (10 mg/kg, IP). We found that mice receiving Dapa restored circulating ApoM levels, likely by increasing expression of the multi-ligand protein receptor megalin in the proximal tubules. Dapa attenuated LPS-induced reductions in cardiac dysfunction including reductions in ejection fraction, cardiac index, and coronary sinus area as well as vascular permeability as ascertained by intravital microscopy. Using both ApoM transgenic and knockout mice and S1P receptor inhibitors, we show that the ApoM/S1P pathway is important for the beneficial effects of Dapa in the LPS model.

ConclusionsIn the setting of acute inflammation, our data suggest that SGLT2i maintains levels of megalin, leading to preservation of ApoM, which in turn promotes endothelial barrier integrity and improves hemodynamics. Our studies suggest a novel mechanism by which SGLT2i can preserve intravascular volume in the acute inflammatory setting.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Valenzuela Ripoll, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumari, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miyata, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozcan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diab, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Girardi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kovacs, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weinheimer, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nigro, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oscarsson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esterline, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schilling, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kosiborod, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christoffersen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Javaheri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.27.489709</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dapagliflozin improves endothelial integrity and hemodynamics in endotoxin treated mice through an apolipoprotein M dependent pathway]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.28.489943v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiscale obstruction sensitivity in collective cell migration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.28.489943v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cellular forces and intercellular cooperation generate collective cell migration. Pathological changes in cell-level genetic and physical properties cause jamming, unjamming, and scattering in epithelial migration. Separately, changes in microenvironment stiffness and confinement can produce varying modes of cell migration. However, it remains unclear whether and how mesoscale disruptions in matrix topology alter collective cell migration. To address this question, we microfabricated matrices with stumps of defined geometry, density, and orientation, which serve as obstructions in the path of collectively migrating healthy mammary epithelial cells. Here, we show that cells lose their speed and directionality when moving through dense obstructions, compared to those sparsely spaced. On flat surfaces, leader cells are significantly stiffer than follower cells, while dense obstructions lead to the overall softening of cells. In moving through dense obstructions, epithelial cells lose the sense of leaders and followers in their physical properties, migration phenotypes, and fluidity. Although Rac inhibition reduces obstruction sensitivity, loss of cell-cell cooperation and induction of leader-like phenotype via -catenin depletion eliminates the effect of matrix obstructions on epithelial migration. Through a lattice-based model, we identify cellular protrusions, polarity, and leader-follower communication as key mechanisms for obstruction-sensitive collective cell migration. Together, microscale cytoskeletal response, mesoscale softening and disorder, and macroscale multicellular communication enable epithelial cell populations to sense topological obstructions encountered in challenging environments. These results reveal that cohesive, healthy populations are more obstruction sensitive than the dysfunctional, aggressive ones. The  obstruction-sensitivity could add to the emerging disease  mechanotypes such as cell stiffness and traction forces.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathur, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walter, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zmuda, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pathak, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.28.489943</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiscale obstruction sensitivity in collective cell migration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.29.490078v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ex vivo to in vivo model of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors for precision oncology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.29.490078v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) are aggressive soft tissue sarcomas that often develop in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1-MPNST), but can occur sporadically. Through a multi-institution collaboration, we have developed 13 NF1-associated MPNST patient-derived xenografts (PDX). Genomic analysis of the PDX-tumor pairs identified somatic mutations in NF1 (61%), SUZ12 (61%), EED (15%), and TP53 (15%), and chromosome 8 (Chr8) gain (77%), consistent with published data. Pre-clinical models that capture this molecular heterogeneity are needed to identify and prioritize effective drug candidates for clinical translation. Here, we describe the successful development of a medium-throughput ex vivo 3D microtissue model with several advantages over 2D cell line growth, which can be utilized to predict drug response in vivo. Herein, we present proof-of-principle of this PDX-to-microtissue system, using four genomically representative MPNST and three drugs. This work highlights the development of a novel ex vivo to in vivo preclinical platform in MPNST that successfully captures the genomic diversity observed in patients and represents a resource to identify future therapeutic strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bhatia^, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larsson^, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calizo^, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pollard, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conniff, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tibbitts, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osum, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crampton, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jubenville, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schefer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bade, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pino, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gosline, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pratilas, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Largaespada, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wood, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirbe, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.29.490078</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ex vivo to in vivo model of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors for precision oncology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.02.490316v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanically primed cells transfer memory to fibrous matrices for persistent invasion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.02.490316v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In disease and development, cells sense and migrate across mechanically dissimilar environments. We investigated whether mechanical memory of past environments empowers cells to navigate new, three-dimensional environments. Here, we show that cells primed by stiff matrices apply higher forces, compared to soft-primed cells, to accumulate and align collagen fibers towards sustained invasion. This priming advantage persists in dense or stiffened collagen. Through an energy-minimization model, we elucidate how memory-laden cells overcome mechanosensing of softer or challenging environments via a cell-matrix transfer of memory. Consistent with model predictions, depletion of -catenin and YAP hamper coordinated forces and cellular memory required for collagen remodeling before invasion. We release tension in collagen fibers via laser ablation and disable fiber remodeling by lysyl-oxidase inhibition; both of which disrupt cell-to-matrix transfer of memory and reduce invasion. These results have implications for cancer, fibrosis, and aging, where potential matrix memory may generate prolonged cellular response.

One-Sentence SummaryCell invasion across mechanically dissimilar environments is mediated by force-based storage and extraction of cell and matrix memory.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Almeida, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathur, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarker, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pathak, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.02.490316</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanically primed cells transfer memory to fibrous matrices for persistent invasion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.05.490746v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Self-Healing, Viscoelastic Hydrogel Promotes Healing of Brain Lesions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.05.490746v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Brain lesions can arise from traumatic brain injury, infection, and craniotomy. Although injectable hydrogels show promise for promoting healing of lesions and health of surrounding tissue, enabling cellular ingrowth and restoring neural tissue continue to be challenging. We hypothesized that these challenges arise in part from viscoelastic mismatch between the hydrogel and the brain parenchyma, and tested this hypothesis by developing and evaluating a self-healing hydrogel that mimicked both the composition and viscoelasticity of native brain parenchyma. The hydrogel was crosslinked by dynamic boronate ester bonds between phenylboronic acid grafted hyaluronic acid (HA-PBA) and dopamine grafted gelatin (Gel-Dopa). This HA-PBA/Gel-Dopa hydrogel could be injected into a lesion cavity in a shear-thinning manner with rapid hemostasis, high tissue adhesion and efficient self-healing. We tested this in an in vivo mouse model of brain lesions and found the hydrogel to support neural cell infiltration, decrease astrogliosis and glial scars, and close the lesions. The results suggest a role for viscoelasticity in brain lesion healing, and motivate additional experimentation in larger animals as the technology progresses towards potential application in humans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genin, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.05.490746</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Self-Healing, Viscoelastic Hydrogel Promotes Healing of Brain Lesions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.06.490816v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intracellular connections between basal bodies promote the coordinated behavior of motile cilia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.06.490816v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hydrodynamic flow produced by multi-ciliated cells is critical for fluid circulation and cell motility. Hundreds of cilia beat with metachronal synchrony for fluid flow. Cilia-driven fluid flow produces extracellular hydrodynamic forces that cause neighboring cilia to beat in a synchronized manner. However, hydrodynamic coupling between neighboring cilia is not the sole mechanism that drives cilia synchrony. Cilia are nucleated by basal bodies (BBs) that link to each other and to the cells cortex via BB-associated appendages. The intracellular BB and cortical network is hypothesized to synchronize ciliary beating by transmitting cilia coordination cues. The extent of intracellular ciliary connections and the nature of these stimuli remain unclear. Moreover, how BB connections influence the dynamics of individual cilia has not been established. We show by FIB-SEM imaging that cilia are coupled both longitudinally and laterally in the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila by the underlying BB and cortical cytoskeletal network. To visualize the behavior of individual cilia in live, immobilized Tetrahymena cells, we developed Delivered Iron Particle Ubiety Live Light-(DIPULL) microscopy. Quantitative and computer analyses of ciliary dynamics reveal that BB connections control ciliary waveform and coordinate ciliary beating. Loss of BB connections reduces cilia-dependent fluid flow forces.

SummarySoh et al investigate whether intracellular connections between basal bodies control ciliary behavior in multi-ciliated cells. Using a Tetrahymena live cell immobilization technique to quantify ciliary dynamics, they show that inter-BB connections are required for effective ciliary waveform and coordinated ciliary beating that promotes fluid flow.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Soh, A. W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodhams, L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Junker, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Enloe, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noren, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harned, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westlake, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narayan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oakey, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bayly, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pearson, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.06.490816</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intracellular connections between basal bodies promote the coordinated behavior of motile cilia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.07.491051v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chemical structures of cyclic ADP ribose (cADPR) isomers and the molecular basis of their production and signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.07.491051v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cyclic ADP ribose (cADPR) isomers are important signaling molecules produced by bacterial and plant Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domains via NAD+ hydrolysis, yet their chemical structures are unknown. We show that v-cADPR (2cADPR) and v2-cADPR (3cADPR) isomers are cyclized by O-glycosidic bond formation between the ribose moieties in ADPR. Structures of v-cADPR (2cADPR)-producing TIR domains reveal that conformational changes are required for the formation of the active assembly that resembles those of Toll-like receptor adaptor TIR domains, and mutagenesis data demonstrate that a conserved tryptophan is essential for cyclization. We show that v2-cADPR (3cADPR) is a potent activator of ThsA effector proteins from Thoeris anti-phage defence systems and is responsible for suppression of plant immunity by the effector HopAM1. Collectively, our results define new enzymatic activities of TIR domains, reveal the molecular basis of cADPR isomer production, and establish v2-cADPR (3cADPR) as an antiviral signaling molecule and an effector-mediated signaling molecule for plant immunity suppression.

One-Sentence SummaryThe chemical structures of two O-glycosidic bond-containing cyclic ADP ribose isomers, the molecular basis of their production, and their function in antiviral and plant immunity suppression by bacteria are reported.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Manik, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaydman, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Damaraju, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eastman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masic, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mosaiab, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weagley, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hancock, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasquez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartley-Tassell, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maruta, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, B. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burdett, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lansdberg, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schembri, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prokes, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grant, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiAntonio, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nanson, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milbrandt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ve, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kobe, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.07.491051</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chemical structures of cyclic ADP ribose (cADPR) isomers and the molecular basis of their production and signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.10.491382v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Cdh3-Lam332 signaling axis in a leader cell subpopulation controls protrusion dynamics and tumor organoid collective migration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.10.491382v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Carcinoma dissemination can occur when heterogeneous tumor and tumor stromal cells clusters migrate together via collective migration. Cells at the front lead and direct collective migration, yet how these leader cells form and interact with the microenvironment to direct migration are not fully appreciated. From live videos of primary mouse and human breast tumor organoids in a 3D microfluidic system that mimics the native breast tumor microenvironment, we developed 3D computational models which hypothesize that leader cells generate high protrusive forces and overcome extracellular matrix (ECM) resistance. Using single cell sequencing, we reveal leader cells are heterogeneous, and identify and isolate a unique Cadherin-3 (Cdh3) positive leader cell subpopulation that is necessary and sufficient to lead migration. Cdh3 controls leader cell protrusion dynamics through the local production of Laminin-332 which is required for integrin/focal adhesion function. Our findings highlight how a subset of leader cells interact with the microenvironment to direct collective migration.

TeaserHigher protrusions of Cdh3+ leader cells polarize tumor organoids that then invade collagen via Lam332 adhesion feedback.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hwang, P. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathur, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almeida, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cornish, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clarke, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pathak, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Longmore, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.10.491382</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Cdh3-Lam332 signaling axis in a leader cell subpopulation controls protrusion dynamics and tumor organoid collective migration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.11.491550v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier Inhibition Initiates Metabolic Crosstalk to Stimulate Branched Chain Amino Acid Catabolism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.11.491550v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveThe mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) has emerged as a therapeutic target for treating insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We evaluated whether MPC inhibitors (MPCi) might correct impairments in branched chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism, which are predictive of developing diabetes and NASH.

MethodsCirculating BCAA concentrations were measured in people with NASH and type 2 diabetes, who participated in a recent randomized, placebo-controlled Phase IIB clinical trial to test the efficacy and safety of the MPCi MSDC-0602K (EMMINENCE; NCT02784444). In this 52-week trial, patients were randomly assigned to placebo (n = 94) or 250 mg MSDC-0602K (n = 101). Human hepatoma cell lines were used to test the direct effects of various MPCi on BCAA catabolism in vitro. Lastly, we investigated how hepatocyte-specific deletion of MPC2 affects BCAA catabolism in the liver of obese mice.

ResultsIn patients with NASH, MSDC-0602K treatment, which led to marked improvements in insulin sensitivity and diabetes, decreased plasma concentrations of BCAAs compared to baseline while placebo had no effect. The rate-limiting enzyme in BCAA catabolism is the mitochondrial branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH), which is deactivated by phosphorylation. In multiple human hepatoma cell lines, MPCi markedly reduced BCKDH phosphorylation and stimulated branched chain keto acid catabolism; an effect that required the BCKDH phosphatase PPM1K. Mechanistically, the effects of MPCi were linked to activation of the energy sensing AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase signaling cascades. Finally, BCKDH phosphorylation was reduced in liver of obese, hepatocyte-specific MPC2 knockout (LS-Mpc2-/-) mice compared to wild-type controls concomitant with activation of mTOR signaling in vivo.

ConclusionsThese data demonstrate novel cross talk between mitochondrial pyruvate and BCAA metabolism and suggest that MPC inhibition leads to lower plasma BCAA concentrations and BCKDH phosphorylation by activating the AMPK/mTOR axis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ferguson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eichler, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yiew, N. K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colca, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patti, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCommis, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niemi, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finck, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.11.491550</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier Inhibition Initiates Metabolic Crosstalk to Stimulate Branched Chain Amino Acid Catabolism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.17.491528v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolution and diversification dynamics of butterflies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.17.491528v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Butterflies are a diverse and charismatic insect group that are thought to have diversified via coevolution with plants and in response to dispersals following key geological events. These hypotheses have been poorly tested at the macroevolutionary scale because a comprehensive phylogenetic framework and datasets on global distributions and larval hosts of butterflies are lacking. We sequenced 391 genes from nearly 2,000 butterfly species to construct a new, phylogenomic tree of butterflies representing 92% of all genera and aggregated global distribution records and larval host datasets. We found that butterflies likely originated in what is now the Americas, [~]100 Ma, shortly before the Cretaceous Thermal Maximum, then crossed Beringia and diversified in the Paleotropics. The ancestor of modern butterflies likely fed on Fabaceae, and most extant families were present before the K/Pg extinction. The majority of butterfly dispersals occurred from the tropics (especially the Neotropics) to temperate zones, largely supporting a "cradle" pattern of diversification. Surprisingly, host breadth changes and shifts to novel host plants had only modest impacts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kawahara, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Storer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carvalho, A. P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plotkin, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Condamine, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braga, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellis, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>St Laurent, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barve, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Earl, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frandsen, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Owens, H. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valencia-Montoya, W. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aduse-Poku, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toussaint, E. F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dexter, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doleck, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markee, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Messcher, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Badon, J. A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benitez, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braby, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buenavente, P. A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, W.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collins, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Childers, R. A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dankowicz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eastwood, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fric, Z. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gott, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, J. P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hallwachs, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hardy, N. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sipe, R. L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heath, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hinolan, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Homziak, N. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.17.491528</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolution and diversification dynamics of butterflies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.17.492364v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SARM1 promotes axonal, synaptic, and mitochondrial pathologies in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.17.492364v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) type 2A is an axonal neuropathy caused by mutations in the mitofusin 2 (MFN2) gene. MFN2 mutations result in profound mitochondrial abnormalities, but the mechanism underlying axonal pathology is unknown. SARM1, the central executioner of axon degeneration, can induce neuropathy and is activated by dysfunctional mitochondria. We tested the role of SARM1 in a rat model carrying a dominant CMT2A mutation (Mfn2H361Y) that exhibits progressive dying-back axonal degeneration, NMJ abnormalities, muscle atrophy, and mitochondrial abnormalities, all hallmarks of the human disease. We generated Sarm1 knockout and Mfn2H361Y, Sarm1 double mutant rats and find that deletion of SARM1 rescues axonal, synaptic, and muscle phenotypes, demonstrating that SARM1 induces much of the neuropathology in this model. Despite the presence of mutant Mfn2 protein in these double mutant rats, loss of SARM1 also dramatically suppressed many mitochondrial defects, including the number, size, and cristae density defects of synaptic mitochondria. This surprising finding indicates that dysfunctional mitochondria activate SARM1, and activated SARM1 feeds back on mitochondria to exacerbate mitochondrial pathology. As such, this work identifies SARM1 inhibition as an exciting therapeutic candidate for the treatment of CMT2A and other neurodegenerative diseases with prominent mitochondrial pathology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yamada, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strickland, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasaki, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bloom, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiAntonio, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milbrandt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.17.492364</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SARM1 promotes axonal, synaptic, and mitochondrial pathologies in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.20.492765v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interplay between VSD, pore and membrane lipids in electromechanical coupling in HCN channels 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.20.492765v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hyperpolarized-activated and Cyclic Nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels are the only members of the voltage-gated ion channel superfamily in mammals that open upon hyperpolarization, conferring them pacemaker properties that are instrumental for rhythmic firing of cardiac and neuronal cells. Activation of their voltage-sensor domains (VSD) upon hyperpolarization occurs through a downward movement of the S4 helix bearing the gating charges, which triggers a break in the alpha-helical hydrogen bonding pattern at the level of a conserved Serine residue. Previous structural and molecular simulation studies had however failed to capture pore opening that should be triggered by VSD activation, presumably because of a low VSD/pore electromechanical coupling efficiency and the limited timescales accessible to such techniques. Here, we have used advanced modeling strategies, including enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations exploiting comparisons between non-domain swapped voltage-gated ion channel structures trapped in closed and open states to trigger pore gating and characterize electromechanical coupling in HCN1. We propose that the coupling mechanism involves the reorganization of the interfaces between the VSD helices, in particular S4, and the pore-forming helices S5 and S6, subtly shifting the balance between hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions in a "domino effect" during activation and gating in this region. Remarkably, our simulations reveal state-dependent occupancy of lipid molecules at this emergent coupling interface, suggesting a key role of lipids in hyperpolarization-dependent gating. Our model provides a rationale for previous observations and a possible mechanism for regulation of HCN channels by the lipidic components of the membrane.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Elbahnsi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cowgill, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burtscher, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wedemann, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeckey, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chanda, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delemotte, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.20.492765</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interplay between VSD, pore and membrane lipids in electromechanical coupling in HCN channels]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.20.492867v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mutation in the matricellular gene fibulin-4 leads to endothelial dysfunction in resistance arteries 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.20.492867v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mutations in fibulin-4 (FBLN4), a matricellular gene required for extracellular matrix (ECM) assembly, result in autosomal recessive cutis laxa type 1B (ARCL1B), a syndrome characterized by loose skin, aortic aneurysms, pulmonary emphysema and skeletal abnormalities.

Fbln4E57K/E57K mice recapitulated the phenotypes observed in ARCL1B. In particular, they exhibited ascending aortic aneurysms, elastic fiber fragmentation and increased stiffness in large arteries, and systolic hypertension. Surprisingly however, internal elastic laminae of small resistance and muscular arteries were intact. Here, we show that the increased pulsatile flow resulting from the structural abnormalities and increased stiffness of conduit arteries in Fbln4E57K/E57K mice leads to increased shear stress, a highly oxidative environment, and endothelial dysfunction related to reduced nitric oxide bioavailability in resistance mesenteric arteries. These data have significant implications, not only for the basic biology of ECM assembly along the arterial tree, but also for the clinical consequences of large artery stiffness on the microcirculation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brengle, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mecham, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halabi, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.20.492867</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mutation in the matricellular gene fibulin-4 leads to endothelial dysfunction in resistance arteries]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.21.492916v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Condensates of disordered proteins have small-world network structures and interfaces defined by expanded conformations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.21.492916v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The formation of membraneless biomolecular condensates is driven by macromolecules with sticker-and-spacer architectures that undergo phase separation coupled to percolation (PSCP). Driving forces for PSCP are governed by the interplay between reversible inter-sticker crosslinks and solvation preferences of spacers. Here, we introduce molecular and mesoscale descriptions of structures within, outside, and at the interfaces of condensates that are formed by prion-like low complexity domains (PLCDs), which are exemplars of intrinsically disordered, linear multivalent proteins. Our studies are based on simulations that accurately describe sequence-specific phase behaviors of PLCDs. We find that networks of reversible, intermolecular, inter-sticker crosslinks organize PLCDs into small-world topologies within condensates. These topologies result from distinct conformational preferences within dense, dilute, and interfacial regions. Specifically, the degree of conformational expansion varies non-monotonically, being most expanded at the interface and most compact in the dilute phase with molecules preferring to be oriented perpendicular to condensate interfaces. This contrasts with dense and dilute phases where molecules are randomly oriented relative to one another. Our results demonstrate that even simple condensates, with only one type of macromolecule, feature inhomogeneous spatial organizations of molecules and interfacial features that likely prime them for being locations of biochemical activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Farag, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borcherds, W. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bremer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mittag, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.21.492916</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Condensates of disordered proteins have small-world network structures and interfaces defined by expanded conformations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.21.492918v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A comprehensive assay of social motivation reveals sex-differential roles of ASC-associated genes and oxytocin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.21.492918v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Social motivation is critical to the development of healthy social functioning. Autism spectrum condition (ASC) is characterized in part by challenges with social communication and social interaction. The root of these challenges is hypothesized to be a deficit in social motivation, specifically in one or more subcomponents (e.g. social reward reward seeking or social orienting). Current social behavior assays lack the ability to quantitatively measure both social reward seeking and social orienting simultaneously. We have developed an automated socially-rewarded operant conditioning task coupled with video tracking, to quantify effort to achieve access to a social partner and concurrent social orienting behavior in mice. We established that adult wildtype mice will work for access to a social partner, that male mice exhibit greater social motivation compared to females, and there is high test-retest reliability in the task across multiple days. We then benchmarked the method with two test-case manipulations. We first tested a mouse model of Phelan-McDermid syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with ASC. These Shank3B mutants failed to show social reward seeking and exhibited reduced social orienting. Next, we demonstrated that oxytocin receptor antagonism decreased social motivation in wildtype mice, consistent with its role in social reward circuitry. Intriguingly, only male mice were vulnerable to Shank3B mutation, while females were more vulnerable to oxytocin blockade, a double dissociation suggesting separate circuits for social motivation in male and female brain. Overall, we believe this method provides a valuable addition to the assessment of social phenotypes in rodent models of ASC and the mapping of potentially sex-specific social motivation circuits in the brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Maloney, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarafinovska, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weichselbaum, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCullough, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swift, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.21.492918</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A comprehensive assay of social motivation reveals sex-differential roles of ASC-associated genes and oxytocin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.23.493056v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unbiased proteomic and forward genetic screens reveal that mechanosensitive ion channel MSL10 functions at ER-plasma membrane contact sites in Arabidopsis thaliana 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.23.493056v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels are an evolutionarily conserved way for cells to sense mechanical forces and transduce them into ionic signals. The channel properties of Arabidopsis thaliana MscS-Like (MSL)10 have been well studied, but how MSL10 signals remains largely unknown. To uncover signaling partners of MSL10, we employed both a proteomic screen and a forward genetic screen; both unexpectedly implicated ER-plasma membrane contact sites (EPCSs) in MSL10 function. The proteomic screen revealed that MSL10 associates with multiple proteins associated with EPCSs. Of these, only VAMP-associated proteins (VAP)27-1 and VAP27-3 interacted directly with MSL10. The forward genetic screen, for suppressors of a gain-of-function MSL10 allele (msl10-3G, MSL10S640L), identified mutations in the synaptotagmin (SYT)5 and SYT7 genes. We also found that EPCSs were expanded in leaves of msl10-3G plants compared to the wild type. Taken together, these results indicate that MSL10 can be found at EPCSs and functions there, providing a new cell-level framework for understanding MSL10 signaling. In addition, placing a mechanosensory protein at EPCS provides new insight into the function and regulation of this type of subcellular compartment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Codjoe, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richardson, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haswell, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.23.493056</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unbiased proteomic and forward genetic screens reveal that mechanosensitive ion channel MSL10 functions at ER-plasma membrane contact sites in Arabidopsis thaliana]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.24.493302v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A quantitative metric of pioneer activity reveals that HNF4A has stronger in vivo pioneer activity than FOXA1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.24.493302v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We and others have suggested that pioneer activity-a transcription factors (TFs) ability to bind and open inaccessible loci-is not a qualitative trait limited to a select class of pioneer TFs. We hypothesize that most TFs display pioneering activity that depends on the TF concentration and the motif content at their target loci. Here we present a quantitative measure of pioneer activity that captures the relative difference in a TFs ability to bind accessible versus inaccessible DNA. The metric is based on experiments that use CUT&Tag to measure binding of doxycycline (dox) inducible TFs. For each location across the genome we determine a "dox50," the concentration of dox required for a TF to reach half-maximal occupancy. We propose that the ratio of a TFs average dox50 between ATAC-seq labeled inaccessible and accessible binding sites, its {Delta}dox50, is a measure of its pioneer activity. We measured {Delta}dox50s for the endodermal TFs FOXA1 and HNF4A and show that HNF4A has a smaller {Delta}dox50 than FOXA1, suggesting that HNF4A has stronger pioneer activity than FOXA1. We further show that FOXA1 binding sites with more copies of its motif have a lower {Delta}dox50, suggesting that strong motif content may compensate for weak pioneer activity. The quantitative analysis of binding suggests different modes of binding for FOXA1, including an anti-cooperative mode of binding at certain accessible loci. Our results suggest that {Delta}dox50s, or other similar measures that assess the difference in TF affinity for inaccessible and accessible DNA, are reasonable measures of pioneer activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hansen, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.24.493302</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A quantitative metric of pioneer activity reveals that HNF4A has stronger in vivo pioneer activity than FOXA1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.25.493350v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Accumulation of copy-back viral genomes during respiratory syncytial virus infection is preceded by diversification of the copy-back viral genome population followed by selection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.25.493350v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNA viruses generate non-standard viral genomes during their replication, including viral genomes of the copy-back (cbVG) type that cannot replicate in the absence of a standard virus. cbVGs play a crucial role in shaping virus infection outcomes due to their ability to interfere with virus replication and induce strong immune responses. However, despite their critical role during infection, the principles that drive the selection and evolution of cbVGs within a virus population are poorly understood. As cbVGs are dependent on the virus replication machinery to be generated and replicated, we hypothesized that host factors that affect virus replication exert selective pressure on cbVGs and drive their evolution within a virus population. To test this hypothesis, we used respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) as model and took an experimental evolution approach by serially passaging RSV in immune competent A549 control and immune deficient A549 STAT1 KO cells which allow higher levels of virus replication. As predicted, we observed that virus populations accumulated higher amounts of cbVGs in the more permissive A549 STAT1 KO cells over time but, unexpectedly, the predominant cbVG species after passages in the two conditions were different. While A549 STAT1 KO cells accumulated relatively short cbVGs, A549 control cells mainly contained cbVGs of much longer predicted size that have not been described previously. These long cbVGs were predominant at first in both cell lines in vitro and the predominant ones observed in samples from RSV infected patients. Although sustained high replication levels are associated with cbVG generation and accumulation, our data show that sustained high levels of virus replication are critical for cbVG population diversification, a process that preceded the generation of shorter cbVGs that selectively accumulated over time. Taken together, we show that selection and evolution of cbVGs within a virus population is shaped by how resistant or permissive a host is to RSV.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Felt, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Achouri, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faber, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.25.493350</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Accumulation of copy-back viral genomes during respiratory syncytial virus infection is preceded by diversification of the copy-back viral genome population followed by selection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.26.493621v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The dynseq genome browser track enables visualization of context-specific, dynamic DNA sequence features at single nucleotide resolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.26.493621v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We introduce the dynseq genome browser track, which displays DNA nucleotide characters scaled by user-specified, base-resolution scores provided in the BigWig file format. The dynseq track enables visualization of context-specific, informative genomic sequence features. We demonstrate its utility in three popular genome browsers for interpreting cis-regulatory sequence syntax and regulatory variant interpretation by visualizing nucleotide importance scores derived from machine learning models of regulatory DNA trained on protein-DNA binding and chromatin accessibility experiments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nair, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrett, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raney, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerpedjiev, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramalingam, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pampari, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lekschas, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haeussler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kundaje, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.26.493621</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The dynseq genome browser track enables visualization of context-specific, dynamic DNA sequence features at single nucleotide resolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.31.494162v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The salivary and nasopharyngeal microbiomes are associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease severity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.31.494162v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Oral and upper respiratory microbiota play important roles in modulating host immune responses to viral infection. As emerging evidence suggests the host microbiome may be involved in the pathophysiology of COVID-19, we aimed to investigate associations between the oral and nasopharyngeal microbiome and COVID-19 severity. We collected saliva (n = 78) and nasopharyngeal swab (n = 66) samples from a COVID-19 cohort and characterized the microbiomes using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. We also examined associations between the salivary and nasopharyngeal microbiome and age, COVID-19 symptoms, and blood cytokines. SARS-CoV-2 infection status, but not COVID-19 severity, was associated with community-level differences in the oral and nasopharyngeal microbiomes. Salivary and nasopharyngeal microbiome alpha diversity negatively correlated with age and were associated with fever and diarrhea. Several bacterial genera were differentially abundant by COVID-19 severity, including oral Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Solobacterium, all of which were depleted in patients with severe COVID-19. Nasopharyngeal Paracoccus was depleted while nasopharyngeal Proteus, Cupravidus, and Lactobacillus were increased in patients with severe COVID-19. Further analysis revealed that the abundance of oral Bifidobacterium was negatively associated with plasma concentrations of known COVID-19 biomarkers interleukin 17F (IL-17F) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). In conclusion, our results suggest COVID-19 disease severity is associated with the relative abundance of certain bacterial taxa.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rauseo, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goss, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mudd, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Halloran, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.31.494162</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The salivary and nasopharyngeal microbiomes are associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease severity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.01.494241v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Opto-MASS: a high-throughput engineering platform for genetically encoded fluorescentsensors enabling all optical in vivo detection of monoamines and neuropeptides 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.01.494241v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fluorescent sensor proteins are instrumental for detecting biological signals in vivo with high temporal accuracy and cell-type specificity. However, engineering sensors with physiological ligand sensitivity and selectivity is difficult because they need to be optimized through individual mutagenesis in vitro to assess their performance. The vast mutational landscape proteins constitute an obstacle that slows down sensor development. This is particularly true for sensors that require mammalian host systems to be screened. Here, we developed a novel high-throughput engineering platform that functionally tests thousands of variants simultaneously in mammalian cells and thus allows the screening of large variant numbers. We showcase the capabilities of our platform, called Optogenetic Microwell Array Screening System (Opto-MASS), by engineering novel monoamine and neuropeptide in vivo capable sensors with distinct physiological roles at high-throughput.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rappleye, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon-Fennel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castro, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matarasso, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zamorano, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wait, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siebart, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muster, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matreyek, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fowler, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stuber, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruchas, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berndt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.01.494241</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Opto-MASS: a high-throughput engineering platform for genetically encoded fluorescentsensors enabling all optical in vivo detection of monoamines and neuropeptides]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.01.494352v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mapping genomic regulation of kidney disease and traits through high-resolution and interpretable eQTLs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.01.494352v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) studies illuminate genomic variants that regulate specific genes and contribute to fine-mapped loci discovered via genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Efforts to maximize their accuracy are ongoing. Using 240 glomerular (GLOM) and 311 tubulointerstitial (TUBE) micro-dissected samples from human kidney biopsies, we discovered 5,371 GLOM and 9,787 TUBE eQTLs by incorporating kidney single-nucleus open chromatin data and transcription start site distance as an "integrative prior" for Bayesian statistical fine mapping. The use of an integrative prior resulted in higher resolution eQTLs illustrated by (1) smaller numbers of variants in credible sets with greater confidence, (2) increased enrichment of partitioned heritability for GWAS of two kidney traits, (3) an increased number of variants colocalized with the GWAS loci, and (4) enrichment of computationally predicted functional regulatory variants. A subset of variants and genes were validated experimentally in vitro and using a Drosophila nephrocyte model. More broadly, this study demonstrates that tissue-specific eQTL maps informed by single-nucleus open chromatin data have enhanced utility for diverse downstream analyses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Han, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McNulty, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benway, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenberg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Onuchic-Whitford, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>NEPTUNE,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humphreys, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sampson, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.01.494352</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mapping genomic regulation of kidney disease and traits through high-resolution and interpretable eQTLs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.01.494426v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Unified Dynamic and Computational Mechanism for Persistent and Transient Neural Activity Patterns During Delayed-Response Tasks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.01.494426v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding how the brain preserves information despite intrinsic noise is a fundamental question in working memory. Typical working memory tasks consist of delay phase for maintaining information, and decoding phase for retrieving information. While previous works have focused on the delay neural dynamics, it is poorly understood whether and how the neural process during decoding phase reduces memory error. We studied this question by training recurrent neural networks (RNNs) on a color delayed-response task. We found that the trained RNNs reduce the memory error of high-probability-occurring colors (common colors) by decoding/attributing a broader range of neural states to them during decoding phase. This decoding strategy can be further explained by a continuing converging neural dynamics following delay phase and a non-dynamic biased readout process. Our findings highlight the role of the decoding phase in working memory, suggesting that neural systems deploy multiple strategies across different phases to reduce memory errors.

SignificancePreserving information under noise is crucial in working memory. A typical working memory task consists of a delay phase for maintaining information, and a decoding phase for decoding the maintained into an output action. While the delay neural dynamics have been intensively studied, the impact of the decoding phase on memory error reduction remains unexplored. We trained recurrent neural networks (RNNs) on a color delayed-response task and found that RNNs reduce memory error of a color by decoding a larger portion of the neural state to that color. This strategy is supported both by a converging neural dynamic, and a non-dynamic readout process. Our results suggest that neural networks can utilize diverse strategies, beyond delay neural dynamics, to reduce memory errors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ye, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.01.494426</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Unified Dynamic and Computational Mechanism for Persistent and Transient Neural Activity Patterns During Delayed-Response Tasks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.03.494750v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
QuNex -- An Integrative Platform forReproducible Neuroimaging Analytics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.03.494750v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuroimaging technology has experienced explosive growth and transformed the study of neural mechanisms across health and disease. However, given the diversity of sophisticated tools for handling neuroimaging data, the field faces challenges in method integration (1-3), particularly across multiple modalities and species. Specifically, researchers often have to rely on siloed approaches which limit reproducibility, with idiosyncratic data organization and limited software interoperability. To address these challenges, we have developed Quantitative Neuroimaging Environment & Toolbox (QuNex), a platform for consistent end-to-end processing and analytics. QuNex provides several novel functionalities for neuroimaging analyses, including a "turnkey" command for the reproducible deployment of custom workflows, from onboarding raw data to generating analytic features. The platform enables inter-operable integration of multi-modal, community-developed neuroimaging software through an extension framework with a software development kit (SDK) for seamless integration of community tools. Critically, it supports high-throughput, parallel processing in high-performance compute environments, either locally or in the cloud. Notably, QuNex has successfully processed over 10,000 scans across neuroimaging consortia (4), including multiple clinical datasets. Moreover, QuNex enables integration of human and non-human workflows via a cohesive translational platform. Collectively, this effort stands to significantly impact neuroimaging method integration across acquisition approaches, pipelines, datasets, computational environments, and species. Building on this platform will enable more rapid, scalable, and reproducible impact of neuroimaging technology across health and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ji, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demsar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fonteneau, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamayo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kraljic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matkovic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Purg, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helmer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warrington, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sotiropoulos, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harms, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murray, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anticevic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Repovs, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.03.494750</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[QuNex -- An Integrative Platform forReproducible Neuroimaging Analytics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.06.494887v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metapredict V2: An update to metapredict, a fast, accurate, and easy-to-use predictor of consensus disorder and structure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.06.494887v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intrinsically disordered proteins and protein regions make up 20-40% of most eukaryotic proteomes and play essential roles in a wide gamut of cellular processes, from intracellular trafficking to epigenetic silencing. Given their importance, the ability to robustly, quickly, and easily identify IDRs within large proteins is critical. Here we present metapredict V2, an update to our deep-learning-based disorder predictor metapredict. Metapredict V2 has substantially improved accuracy, more features, and a more user-friendly interface via our web server (https://metapredict.net/), Python package, and command-line tool. To illustrate V2s improved performance we undertake a systematic analysis of human transcription factors, as well as illustrate that metapredict V2 works well for synthetic or non-natural proteins.

KEY POINTSO_LIMetapredict is a fast and easy-to-use disorder predictor released in 2021.
C_LIO_LIMetapredict V2 was released in March 2022 and includes improved accuracy and new features.
C_LIO_LIMetapredict V2 is now the default metapredict implementation, although the original implementation is available as  legacy metapredict.
C_LIO_LIThis manuscript provides a summary of how we improved the accuracy of metapredict and compares the original version (legacy) to our improved version (V2)
C_LIO_LIThis manuscript will not be submitted to a journal; if you use metapredict V2 please cite the original paper and make reference to the fact that V2 is being used.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Emenecker, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffith, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.06.494887</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metapredict V2: An update to metapredict, a fast, accurate, and easy-to-use predictor of consensus disorder and structure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.09.495472v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tracking infectious entry routes of SARS-CoV-2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.09.495472v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 cell entry starts with membrane attachment and ends with spike-protein (S) catalyzed membrane fusion depending on two cleavage steps, one usually by furin in producing cells and the second by TMPRSS2 on target cells. Endosomal cathepsins can carry out both. Using real-time 3D single virion tracking, we show fusion and genome penetration requires virion exposure to an acidic milieu of pH 6.2-6.8, even when furin and TMPRSS2 cleavages have occurred. We detect the sequential steps of S1-fragment dissociation, fusion, and content release from the cell surface in TMPRRS2 overexpressing cells only when exposed to acidic pH. We define a key role of an acidic environment for successful infection, found in endosomal compartments and at the surface of TMPRSS2 expressing cells in the acidic milieu of the nasal cavity.

Significance StatementInfection by SARS-CoV-2 depends upon the S large spike protein decorating the virions and is responsible for receptor engagement and subsequent fusion of viral and cellular membranes allowing release of virion contents into the cell. Using new single particle imaging tools, to visualize and track the successive steps from virion attachment to fusion, combined with chemical and genetic perturbations of the cells, we provide the first direct evidence for the cellular uptake routes of productive infection in multiple cell types and their dependence on proteolysis of S by cell surface or endosomal proteases. We show that fusion and content release always require the acidic environment from endosomes, preceded by liberation of the S1 fragment which depends on ACE2 receptor engagement.

One sentence summaryDetailed molecular snapshots of the productive infectious entry pathway of SARS-CoV-2 into cells
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kreutzberger, A. J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanyal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saminathan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bloyet, L.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stumpf, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ojha, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patjas, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geneid, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scanavachi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doyle, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Somerville, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cunha Correira, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Caprio, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toppila-Salmi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makitie, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiessling, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vapalahti, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whelan, S. P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balistreri, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirchhausen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.09.495472</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tracking infectious entry routes of SARS-CoV-2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.09.495494v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Non-standard viral genome-derived RNA activates TLR3 and type I IFN signaling to induce cDC1-dependent CD8+ T-cell responses during vaccination in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.09.495494v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
There is a critical need to develop vaccine adjuvants that induce robust immune responses able to protect against intracellular pathogens, including viruses. Previously, we described the virus-derived adjuvant, defective viral genome-derived oligonucleotide (DDO), as a strong inducer of type 1 immune responses, including protective Th1 CD4+ T-cells and effector CD8+ T-cells in mice. Here we unravel the early innate response required for this type 1 immunity induction. Upon DDO subcutaneous injection, type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s) accumulate rapidly in the draining lymph node in a type I interferon (IFN)-dependent manner. cDC1 accumulation in the lymph node is required for antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses. Notably, in contrast to poly I:C, DDO administration resulted in type I IFN expression at the injection site, but not in the draining lymph node. Additionally, DDO induced an inflammatory cytokine profile distinct from that induced by poly I:C. Therefore, DDO represent a powerful new adjuvant to be used during vaccination against intracellular pathogens.

IMPORTANCEThere is a paucity of vaccine adjuvants able to trigger effective and safe protective responses to many intracellular pathogens. Defining the minimal requirements to achieve type 1 immunity, which includes antigen specific CD8+ T cells capable of eliminating infected cells, is essential for the development of adjuvants that lead to optimal protective immune responses during vaccination against intracellular pathogens. We use a virus-derived immunostimulatory molecule, defective viral genome-derived oligonucleotide (DDO), to provide insights into how type 1 immune responses are triggered during vaccination using an inactivated influenza vaccine model. Understanding the mechanism of action of vaccine adjuvants not only aids in the advancement of vaccine development, but also in understanding specific immune pathways required for efficient induction of adaptive immune responses to infections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fisher, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holthausen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.09.495494</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Non-standard viral genome-derived RNA activates TLR3 and type I IFN signaling to induce cDC1-dependent CD8+ T-cell responses during vaccination in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.11.495764v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nuclear export inhibition jumbles epithelial-mesenchymal states and gives rise to migratory disorder in healthy epithelia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.11.495764v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Epithelial-mesenchymal (E-M) phenotypes govern collective cellular behaviors to facilitate diverse tissue functions, including embryogenesis, wound healing, and cancer invasion. Cellular E-M state is regulated by dynamic nucleocytoplasmic transport of corresponding E-M factors; yet, it remains unknown how concurrently trapping these factors affects epithelia at the macroscale. To explore this question, we performed nuclear export inhibition (NEI) via Leptomycin B treatment, which biases nuclear localization of CRM1- associated E-M factors. We examined changes in collective cell migration across a range of substrate stiffnesses. Our results show that NEI fosters an atypical E-M state wherein cells concurrently strengthen intercellular adhesions and develop mechanoactive characteristics. Following NEI, soft substrates elevate collective migration for up to 24 h, while stiffer substrates reduce migration at all timepoints. We demonstrate that excluding Yes-associated protein 1 from NEI shifts affected cells toward an epithelial phenotype. Meanwhile, removing -catenin maintains NEIs intercellular adhesion strengthening and mechanoactivation capabilities, but prevents mechanoactive characteristics from reaching collective behavior. Overall, our results show that NEI disrupts epithelial migration through competition between intercellular adhesions, mechanoactivation, and cell-cell coordination. Ultimately, these findings of mechanoactive NEI outcomes for healthy cells could warrant additional investigation in the context of NEI-centered cancer therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Krull, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pathak, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.11.495764</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nuclear export inhibition jumbles epithelial-mesenchymal states and gives rise to migratory disorder in healthy epithelia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.13.495842v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative genomics support reduced-genome Paraburkholderia symbionts of Dictyostelium discoideum amoebas are ancestrally adapted professional symbionts 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.13.495842v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum is a predatory soil protist frequently used for studying host-pathogen interactions. A subset of D. discoideum strains isolated from soil persistently carry symbiotic Paraburkholderia, recently formally described as P. agricolaris, P. bonniea, and P. hayleyella. The three facultative symbiont species of D. discoideum present a unique opportunity to study a naturally occurring symbiosis in a laboratory model protist. In addition, there is a large difference in genome size between P. agricolaris (8.7 million base pairs) vs. P. hayleyella and P. bonniea (4.1 Mbp) and in GC content (62% vs. 59%). We took a comparative genomics approach and compared the three genomes of D. discoideum-symbionts to 12 additional Paraburkholderia genomes to test for genome evolution patterns that frequently accompany host adaptation. Overall, P. agricolaris is difficult to distinguish from other Paraburkholderia based on its genome size and content, but the two reduced genomes of P. bonniea and P. hayleyella display characteristics that support evolution in a host environment. In addition, all three D. discoideum-symbiont genomes have increased secretion system and motility genes that may mediate interactions with their host. Specifically, adjacent BurBor-like type 3 and T6SS-5-like type 6 secretion system operons shared among all three D. discoideum-symbiont genomes may be important for host interaction. Ultimately, our combined evidence supports that the reduced-genome D. discoideum-symbionts have evolved to be professional symbionts ancestrally adapted to their protist hosts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Noh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Capodanno, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamilton, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strassmann, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Queller, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.13.495842</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative genomics support reduced-genome Paraburkholderia symbionts of Dictyostelium discoideum amoebas are ancestrally adapted professional symbionts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.15.496293v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanotransductive feedback control of endothelial cell motility and vascular morphogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.15.496293v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Vascular morphogenesis requires persistent endothelial cell motility that is responsive to diverse and dynamic mechanical stimuli. Here, we interrogated the mechanotransductive feedback dynamics that govern endothelial cell motility and vascular morphogenesis. We show that the transcriptional regulators, YAP and TAZ, are activated by mechanical cues to transcriptionally limit cytoskeletal and focal adhesion maturation, forming a conserved mechanotransductive feedback loop that mediates human endothelial cell motility in vitro and zebrafish intersegmental vessel (ISV) morphogenesis in vivo. This feedback loop closes in 4 hours, achieving cytoskeletal equilibrium in 8 hours. Feedback loop inhibition arrested endothelial cell migration in vitro and ISV morphogenesis in vivo. Inhibitor washout at 3 hrs, prior to feedback loop closure, restored vessel growth, but washout at 8 hours, longer than the feedback timescale, did not, establishing lower and upper bounds for feedback kinetics in vivo. Mechanistically, YAP and TAZ induced transcriptional suppression of RhoA signaling to maintain dynamic cytoskeletal equilibria. Together, these data establish the mechanoresponsive dynamics of a transcriptional feedback loop necessary for persistent endothelial cell migration and vascular morphogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mason, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goeckel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vega, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, P.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heo, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wirtz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burdick, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wood, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chow, B. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stratman, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boerckel, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.15.496293</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanotransductive feedback control of endothelial cell motility and vascular morphogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.16.496372v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single cell preparations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis damage the mycobacterial envelope and disrupt macrophage interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.16.496372v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
For decades, investigators have studied the interaction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) with macrophages, which serve as a major cellular niche for the bacilli. Because Mtb are prone to aggregation, investigators rely on varied methods to disaggregate the bacteria for these studies. Here, we examined the impact of routinely used preparation methods on bacterial cell envelop integrity, macrophage inflammatory responses, and intracellular Mtb survival. We found that both gentle sonication and filtering damaged the mycobacterial cell envelope and markedly impacted the outcome of macrophage infections. Unexpectedly, sonicated bacilli were hyperinflammatory, eliciting dramatically higher TLR2-dependent gene expression and elevated secretion of IL-1{beta} and TNF-. Despite evoking enhanced inflammatory responses, sonicated bacilli replicated normally in macrophages. In contrast, Mtb that had been passed through a filter induced little inflammatory response, and they were attenuated in macrophages. Previous work suggests that the mycobacterial cell envelope lipid, phthiocerol dimycocerosate (PDIM), dampens macrophage inflammatory responses to Mtb. However, we found that the impact of PDIM depended on the method used to prepare Mtb. In conclusion, widely used methodologies to disaggregate Mtb may introduce experimental artifacts in Mtb-host interaction studies, including alteration of host inflammatory signaling, intracellular bacterial survival, and interpretation of bacterial mutants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mittal, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roth, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seth, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singamaneni, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beatty, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>A. Philips, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.16.496372</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single cell preparations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis damage the mycobacterial envelope and disrupt macrophage interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.18.496114v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Charting the Spatial Landscape of Cancer Hallmarks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.18.496114v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tumors are complex ecosystems with dozens of interacting cell types. The concept of Cancer Hallmarks distills this complexity into a set of underlying principles that govern tumor growth. Here, we exploit this abstraction to explore the physical distribution of Cancer Hallmarks across 63 primary untreated tumors from 10 cancer types using spatial transcriptomics. We show that Hallmark activity is spatially organized-with 7 out of 13 Hallmarks consistently more active in cancer cells than within the non-cancerous tumor microenvironment (TME). The opposite is true for the remaining six Hallmarks. Additionally, we discovered that genomic distance between tumor subclones correlates with differences in Cancer Hallmark activity, even leading to clone-Hallmark specialization in some cases. Finally, we demonstrate interdependent relationships between Cancer Hallmarks at the junctions of TME and cancer compartments. In conclusion, including the spatial dimension, particularly through the lens of Cancer Hallmarks, can improve our understanding of tumor ecology.

SignificanceWe explored Cancer Hallmarks in 63 primary untreated tumors from 10 cancer types using spatial transcriptomics. This study unveiled spatial patterns in Hallmark activity, with some being more active in cancer cells and others in the non-cancerous tumor environment. Genomic distance impacted Hallmark activity, and we identified interdependencies at the TME-cancer junctions, improving our understanding of tumor ecology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sibai, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cervilla, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grases, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Musulen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fortian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romeo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernat, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tokheim, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esteller, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barretina, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bailey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porta-Pardo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.18.496114</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Charting the Spatial Landscape of Cancer Hallmarks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.23.497349v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The polycomb repressor complex 2 and Enhancer of Zeste 2 regulate glial reactivity and are required for the formation of Muller glia-derived progenitor cells in the retina 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.23.497349v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromatin access and epigenetic control over gene expression play important roles in regulating developmental processes. However, little is known about how chromatin access and epigenetic gene silencing influence mature glial cells and retinal regeneration. Herein we investigate the expression and functions of S-Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase (SAHH; AHCY) and Histone Methyltransferases (HMTs) during the formation of Muller glia-derived progenitor cells (MGPCs) in the chick and mouse retinas. In chick, AHCY, AHCYL1, AHCYL2 and many different HMTs are dynamically expressed by MG and MGPCs in damaged retinas. Inhibition of SAHH reduced levels of H3K27me3 and potently blocks the formation of proliferating MGPCs. By using a combination of single cell RNA-seq and single cell ATAC-seq, we find significant changes in gene expression and chromatin access in MG with SAHH inhibition and NMDA-treatment; many of these genes are associated with glial and neuronal differentiation. A strong correlation across gene expression, chromatin access, and transcription factor motif access in MG was observed for transcription factors known to covey glial identity and promote retinal development. By comparison, in the mouse retina, inhibition of SAHH has no influence on the formation of neuron-like cells from Ascl1-overexpressing MG. We conclude that in the chick, but not the mouse, the activity of SAHH and HMTs are required for the reprogramming of MG into MGPCs by regulating chromatin access to transcription factors associated with glial differentiation and retinal development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Campbell, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El-Hodiri, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torres, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawthorn, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Volkov, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akanonu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.23.497349</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The polycomb repressor complex 2 and Enhancer of Zeste 2 regulate glial reactivity and are required for the formation of Muller glia-derived progenitor cells in the retina]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.25.495533v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cooperation genes are more pleiotropic than private genes in the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.25.495533v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pleiotropy may affect the evolution of cooperation by limiting cheater mutants if such mutants also lose other important traits. Because pleiotropy limits cheaters, selection may favor cooperation genes that are more pleiotropic. However, the same should not be true for private genes with functions unrelated to cooperation. Pleiotropy in cooperative genes has mostly been studied with single genes and has not been measured on a wide scale or compared to a suitable set of control genes with private functions. I remedy this gap by comparing genomic measures of pleiotropy in previously identified cooperative and private gene sets in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. I found that cooperative genes in P. aeruginosa tended to be more pleiotropic than private genes according to the number of protein-protein interactions, the number of gene ontology terms, and gene expression specificity. These results show that pleiotropy may be a general way to limit cheating and that cooperation may shape pleiotropy in the genome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scott, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.25.495533</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cooperation genes are more pleiotropic than private genes in the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.26.497661v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Six-Dimensional Single-Molecule Imaging with Isotropic Resolution using a Multi-View Reflector Microscope 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.26.497661v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We report a radially and azimuthally polarized multi-view reflector (raMVR) microscope for precise imaging of the 3D positions and 3D orientations of single molecules (SMs, 10.9 nm and 2.0{degrees} precisions using 5000 photons). These precisions are [~]1.5 times better than those of existing methods for SM orientation-localization microscopy. The raMVR microscope achieves 6D super-resolution imaging of Nile red (NR) molecules transiently bound to 150 nm, 350 nm, and 1 {micro}m-diameter lipid-coated spheres, accurately resolving their spherical morphology despite refractive-index mismatch. Simply by observing the rotational dynamics o raMVR images also resolve the infiltration of lipid membranes by amyloid-beta oligomers without covalent labeling. Finally, we demonstrate 6D imaging of HEK-293T cell membranes, where the orientations of merocyanine 540 molecules reveal heterogeneities in membrane fluidity. With its [~]2 {micro}m depth range, nearly isotropic 3D spatial resolution, and superior orientation measurement precision, we expect the raMVR microscope to enable 6D imaging of molecular dynamics within biological and chemical systems with unprecedented detail.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vahey, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lew, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.26.497661</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Six-Dimensional Single-Molecule Imaging with Isotropic Resolution using a Multi-View Reflector Microscope]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.28.497399v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predicting the locations of cryptic pockets from single protein structures using the PocketMiner graph neural network 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.28.497399v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cryptic pockets expand the scope of drug discovery by enabling targeting of proteins currently considered undruggable because they lack pockets in their ground state structures. However, identifying cryptic pockets is labor-intensive and slow. The ability to accurately and rapidly predict if and where cryptic pockets are likely to form from a protein structure would greatly accelerate the search for druggable pockets. Here, we present PocketMiner, a graph neural network trained to predict where pockets are likely to open in molecular dynamics simulations. Applying PocketMiner to single structures from a newly-curated dataset of 39 experimentally-confirmed cryptic pockets demonstrates that it accurately identifies cryptic pockets (ROC-AUC: 0.87) >1,000-fold faster than existing methods. We apply PocketMiner across the human proteome and show that predicted pockets open in simulations, suggesting that over half of proteins thought to lack pockets based on available structures are likely to contain cryptic pockets, vastly expanding the druggable proteome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Meller, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ward, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borowsky, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lotthammer, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kshirsagar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oveido, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavista Ferres, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.28.497399</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predicting the locations of cryptic pockets from single protein structures using the PocketMiner graph neural network]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.29.497865v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Disruption of lactate metabolism in the peripheral nervous system leads to motor-selective deficits 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.29.497865v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Schwann cells (SCs) myelinate and provide trophic support to axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and disruption of SC cellular metabolism leads to demyelination and axon degeneration, both symptoms of peripheral neuropathies. The lactate shuttle hypothesis proposes that glycolytic support cells supply lactate to adjacent axons to sustain their high metabolic demands, a process that requires the interconversion of lactate and pyruvate via lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in both SCs and neurons. To test this hypothesis in the PNS, we selectively knocked out the genes for both LDH enzymes, LDHA and LDHB, in motor neurons (MNs), sensory neurons (SNs), or SCs. Interestingly, motor axons and their synapses progressively degenerate when LDH is deleted from either MNs or SCs; however, defects in sensory axons or their terminals were not observed when LDH was excised from either SNs or SCs. Deletion of LDH in SCs also leads to a decrease in total ATP levels in peripheral nerves despite a marked accumulation of pyruvate and glycolytic intermediates, consistent with the failure of pyruvate to lactate conversion in SCs leading to energetic deficits in axons. These results support a model in which motor axons are more dependent on SC-derived lactate than are sensory axons, a specific dependency that suggests LDH and lactate shuttling influence the course of motor-dominated neuropathies such as ALS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bloom, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hackett, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strickland, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamada, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ippolito, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasaki, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiAntonio, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milbrandt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.29.497865</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Disruption of lactate metabolism in the peripheral nervous system leads to motor-selective deficits]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.29.498098v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Connecting sequence features within the disordered C-terminal linker of B. subtilis FtsZ to function and bacterial cell division 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.29.498098v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) can function as autoregulators of folded enzymes to which they are tethered. One example is the bacterial cell division protein, FtsZ. This includes a folded core and a C-terminal tail (CTT) that encompasses a poorly conserved, disordered C-terminal linker (CTL) and a well-conserved 17-residue C-terminal peptide (CT17). Sites for GTPase activity of FtsZs are formed at the interface between GTP binding sites and T7 loops on cores of adjacent subunits within dimers. Here, we explore the basis of autoregulatory functions of the CTT in Bacillus subtilis FtsZ (Bs-FtsZ). Molecular simulations show that the CT17 of Bs- FtsZ makes statistically significant CTL-mediated contacts with the T7 loop. Statistical Coupling Analysis of more than 103 sequences from FtsZ orthologs reveals clear covariation of the T7 loop and the CT17 with most of the core domain whereas the CTL is under independent selection. Despite this, we discover the conservation of non-random sequence patterns within CTLs across orthologs. To test how the non-random patterns of CTLs mediate CTT-core interactions and modulate FtsZ functionalities, we designed Bs-FtsZ variants by altering the patterning of oppositely charged residues within the CTL. Such alterations disrupt the core-CTT interactions, lead to anomalous assembly and inefficient GTP hydrolysis in vitro and protein degradation, aberrant assembly, and disruption of cell division in vivo. Our findings suggest that viable CTLs in FtsZs are likely to be IDRs that encompass non-random, functionally relevant sequence patterns that also preserve three-way covariation of the CT17, the T7 loop, and core domain.

Significance StatementZ-ring formation by the protein FtsZ controls cell division in rod-shaped bacteria. The C-terminus of FtsZ encompasses a disordered C-terminal linker (CTL) and a conserved CT17 motif. Both modules are essential for Z-ring formation and proper localization of FtsZ in cells. Previous studies suggested that generic intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) might be suitable functional replacements for naturally occurring CTLs. Contrary to this suggestion, we find that the sequence-encoded conformational properties of CTLs help mediate autoregulatory interactions between covarying regions within FtsZ. Functional properties of the CTL are encoded via evolutionarily conserved, non-random sequence patterns. Disruption of these patterns impair molecular functions and cellular phenotypes. Our findings have broad implications for discovering functionally consequential sequence features within IDRs of other proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shinn, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohan, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bullock, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruff, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levin, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.29.498098</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Connecting sequence features within the disordered C-terminal linker of B. subtilis FtsZ to function and bacterial cell division]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.30.498131v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetically corrected iPSC-derived Neural Stem Cell Grafts deliver NAGLU-IGFII fusion protein to affect CNS disease in Sanfilippo B Mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.30.498131v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sanfilippo syndrome type B (Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB or MPS IIIB) is a recessive genetic disorder that severely affects the brain due to a deficiency in the enzyme -N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGLU), leading to intralysosomal accumulation of partially degraded heparan sulfate. There are no effective treatments for this disorder. In this project, we carried out an ex vivo lentiviral correction of neural stem cells derived from Naglu-/- mice (iNSCs) using a modified enzyme in which the NAGLU is fused to an Insulin-like Growth Factor II receptor (IGFIIR) binding peptide in order to improve the cross-correction efficiency. After brain transplantation of these corrected iNSCs into Naglu-/- mice and long-term evaluation of the cross-correction, we successfully detected NAGLU-IGFII activity in all transplanted animals, as well as decreased lysosomal accumulation and reduced astrocytic and microglial activation throughout the transplanted brain. In addition, we identified a novel neuropathological phenotype in untreated brains characterized by decreased levels of MAP2 protein and accumulation of synaptophysin-positive aggregates in the brain. Following transplantation, this Naglu-/- -specific phenotype was altered with restored levels of MAP2 expression and significantly reduced formation of synaptophysin-positive aggregates. Our results demonstrate the feasibility and long-term benefit of genetically corrected iNSCs transplantation in the Sanfilippo B brain and effective cross-correction of Sanfilippo-associated pathology in Naglu-/- mice. Our findings suggest that genetically engineered iNSCs can be used to effectively deliver the missing enzyme to the brain and treat Sanfilippo type B-associated neuropathology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pearse, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clarke, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kan, S.-h.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, S. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanghez, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luzzi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nih, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickson, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iacovino, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.30.498131</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetically corrected iPSC-derived Neural Stem Cell Grafts deliver NAGLU-IGFII fusion protein to affect CNS disease in Sanfilippo B Mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.30.498319v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional analysis of recurrent non-coding variants in human melanoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.30.498319v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Small nucleotide variants in non-coding regions of the genome can alter transcriptional regulation, leading to changes in gene expression which can activate oncogenic gene regulatory networks. Melanoma is heavily burdened by non-coding variants, representing over 99% of total genetic variation, including the well-characterized TERT promoter mutation. However, the compendium of regulatory non-coding variants is likely still functionally under-characterized. We developed a pipeline to identify hotspots, i.e. recurrently mutated regions, in melanoma containing putatively functional non-coding somatic variants that are located within predicted melanoma-specific regulatory regions. We identified hundreds of statistically significant hotspots, including the hotspot containing the TERT promoter variants, and focused in on a hotspot in the promoter of CDC20. We found that variants in the promoter of CDC20, which putatively disrupt an ETS motif, lead to lower transcriptional activity in reporter assays. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we generated an indel in the CDC20 promoter in a human A375 melanoma cell line and observed decreased expression of CDC20, changes in migration capabilities, and an altered transcriptional state previously associated with neural crest transcriptional programs and melanoma initiation. Overall, our analysis prioritized several recurrent functional non-coding variants that, through downregulation of CDC20, led to perturbation of key melanoma phenotypes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Godoy, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zarov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufman, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.30.498319</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional analysis of recurrent non-coding variants in human melanoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.01.497374v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gene Regulatory Network Reconfiguration in Direct Lineage Reprogramming 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.01.497374v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In direct lineage reprogramming, transcription factor (TF) overexpression reconfigures Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs) to convert cell identities between fully differentiated cell types. We previously developed CellOracle, a computational pipeline that integrates single-cell transcriptome and epigenome profiles to infer GRNs. CellOracle leverages these inferred GRNs to simulate gene expression changes in response to TF perturbation, enabling network re-configuration during reprogramming to be interrogated in silico. Here, we integrate CellOracle analysis with lineage tracing of fibroblast to induced endoderm progenitor (iEP) conversion, a prototypical direct lineage reprogramming paradigm. By linking early network state to reprogramming success or failure, we reveal distinct network configurations underlying different reprogramming outcomes. Using these network analyses and in silico simulation of TF perturbation, we identify new factors to coax cells into successfully converting cell identity, uncovering a central role for the AP-1 subunit Fos with the Hippo signaling effector, Yap1. Together, these results demonstrate the efficacy of CellOracle to infer and interpret cell-type-specific GRN configurations at high resolution, providing new mechanistic insights into the regulation and reprogramming of cell identity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kamimoto, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adil, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jindal, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffmann, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.01.497374</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gene Regulatory Network Reconfiguration in Direct Lineage Reprogramming]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.05.498865v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single Cell RNA-Sequence Analyses Reveal Uniquely Expressed Genes and Heterogeneous Immune Cell Involvement in the Rat Model of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.05.498865v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is characterized by a loss of cellularity, and changes in cell-mediated activity that drives anatomic changes to IVD structure. In this study, we use single cell RNA-sequencing analysis of cells extracted from the degenerating tissues of the rat IVD following lumbar disc puncture. Two control, uninjured IVDs (L2-3, L3-4) and two degenerated, injured IVDs (L4-5, L5-6) from each animal were examined either at two- and eight-week post-operative time points. The cells from these IVDs were extracted and transcriptionally profiled at a single-cell resolution. Unsupervised cluster analysis revealed the presence of 4 known cell types in both non-degenerative and degenerated IVDs based on previously established gene markers: IVD cells, endothelial cells, myeloid cells, and lymphoid cells. As a majority of cells were associated with the IVD cell cluster, sub-clustering was used to further identify the cell populations of the nucleus pulposus, inner and outer annulus fibrosus. The most notable difference between control and degenerated IVDs was the increase of myeloid and lymphoid cells in degenerated samples at 2- and 8- weeks post-surgery. Differential gene expression analysis revealed multiple distinct cell types from the myeloid and lymphoid lineages, most notably macrophages and B lymphocytes and demonstrated a high degree of immune specificity during degeneration. In addition to the heterogenous infiltrating immune cell populations in the degenerating IVD, the increased number of cells in the AF sub-cluster expressing Ngf and Ngfr, encoding for p75NTR, suggest that NGF signaling may be one of the key mediators of the IVD crosstalk between immune and neuronal cell populations. These findings provide the basis for future work to understand the involvement of select subsets of non-resident cells in IVD degeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rohanifar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clayton, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Easson, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patil, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jing, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barcellona, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Speer, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stivers, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Setton, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.05.498865</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single Cell RNA-Sequence Analyses Reveal Uniquely Expressed Genes and Heterogeneous Immune Cell Involvement in the Rat Model of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.06.499056v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Jointly Modeling Species Niche and Phylogenetic Model in a Bayesian Hierarchical Framework 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.06.499056v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
When studying how species will respond to climatic change, a common goal is to predict how species distributions change through time. Environmental niche models (ENMs) are commonly used to estimate a species environmental niche from observed patterns of occurrence and environmental predictors. However, species distributions are often shaped by non-environmental factors-including biotic interactions and dispersal barriers--truncating niche estimates. Though a truncated niche estimate may accurately predict present-day species distribution within the sampled area, this accuracy decreases when predicting occurrence at different places and under different environmental conditions. Modeling niche in a phylogenetic framework leverages a clades shared evolutionary history to pull species estimates closer towards phylogenetic conserved values and farther away from species specific biases. We propose a new Bayesian model of phylogenetic niche estimation implemented in R called BePhyNE (Bayesian environmental Phylogenetic Niche Estimation). Under our model, species ENM parameters are transformed into biologically interpretable continuous parameters of environmental niche optimum, breadth, and tolerance evolving as a multivariate Brownian motion. Through simulation analyses, we demonstrate model accuracy and precision that improve as phylogeny size increases. We also demonstrate our model on eastern United States Plethodontid salamanders and recover accurate estimates of species niche, even when species occurrence data is lacking and entirely informed by the evolutionary model. Our model demonstrates a novel framework where niche changes can be studied forwards and backwards through time to understand ancestral ranges, patterns of environmental specialization, and estimate niches of data-deficient species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McHugh, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Espindola, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uyeda, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.06.499056</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Jointly Modeling Species Niche and Phylogenetic Model in a Bayesian Hierarchical Framework]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.10.499487v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptomic cell type structures in vivo neuronal activity across multiple time scales. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.10.499487v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SUMMARYCell type is hypothesized to be a key determinant of the role of a neuron within a circuit. However, it is unknown whether a neurons transcriptomic type influences the timing of its activity in the intact brain. In other words, can transcriptomic cell type be extracted from the time series of a neurons activity? To address this question, we developed a new deep learning architecture that learns features of interevent intervals across multiple timescales (milliseconds to >30 min). We show that transcriptomic cell class information is robustly embedded in the timing of single neuron activity recorded in the intact brain of behaving animals (calcium imaging and extracellular electrophysiology), as well as in a bio-realistic model of visual cortex. In contrast, we were unable to reliably extract cell identity from summary measures of rate, variance, and interevent interval statistics. We applied our analyses to the question of whether transcriptomic subtypes of excitatory neurons represent functionally distinct classes. In the calcium imaging dataset, which contains a diverse set of excitatory Cre lines, we found that a subset of excitatory cell types are computationally distinguishable based upon their Cre lines, and that excitatory types can be classified with higher accuracy when considering their cortical layer and projection class. Here we address the fundamental question of whether a neuron, within a complex cortical network, embeds a fingerprint of its transcriptomic identity into its activity. Our results reveal robust computational fingerprints for transcriptomic types and classes across diverse contexts, defined over multiple timescales.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schneider, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azabou, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDougall-Vigier, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parks, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ensley, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhaskaran-Nair, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nowakowski, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dyer, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hengen, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.10.499487</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptomic cell type structures in vivo neuronal activity across multiple time scales.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.18.500563v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Staphylococcus aureus Breast Implant Infection Isolates Display Recalcitrance to Antibiotic Pocket Irrigants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.18.500563v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Breast implant-associated infections (BIAIs) are a common complication following breast prostheses placement and account for [~]100,000 infections annually. The frequency, high cost of treatment, and morbidity make BIAIs a significant health burden for women. Thus, effective BIAI prevention strategies are urgently needed. This study tests the efficacy of one infection prevention strategy: the use of a triple antibiotic pocket irrigant (TAPI) against Staphylococcus aureus, the most common cause of BIAIs. TAPI, which consists of 50,000 U bacitracin, 1 g cefazolin, and 80 mg gentamicin diluted in 500 mL of saline, is used to irrigate the breast implant pocket during surgery. We used in vitro and in vivo assays to test the efficacy of each antibiotic in TAPI, as well as TAPI at the concentration used during surgery. We found that planktonically grown S. aureus BIAI isolates displayed susceptibility to gentamicin, cefazolin, and TAPI. However, TAPI treatment enhanced biofilm formation of BIAI strains. Furthermore, we compared TAPI treatment of a S. aureus reference strain (JE2) to a BIAI isolate (117) in a mouse BIAI model. TAPI significantly reduced infection of JE2 at 1- and 7-days post infection (dpi). In contrast, BIAI strain 117 displayed high bacterial burdens in tissues and implants, which persisted out to 14-dpi despite TAPI treatment. Lastly, we demonstrated that TAPI was effective against P. aeruginosa reference (PAO1) and BIAI strains in vitro and in vivo. Together, these data suggest S. aureus BIAI strains employ unique mechanisms to resist antibiotic prophylaxis treatment and promote chronic infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Duran Ramirez, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanson, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myckatyn, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.18.500563</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Staphylococcus aureus Breast Implant Infection Isolates Display Recalcitrance to Antibiotic Pocket Irrigants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.19.500655v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Oral oxycodone self-administration leads to features of opioid addiction in male and female mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.19.500655v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Use of prescription opioids, particularly oxycodone is an initiating factor driving the current opioid epidemic. There are several challenges with modeling oxycodone abuse. First, prescription opioids including oxycodone are orally self-administered and have different pharmacokinetics and dynamics than morphine or fentanyl which have been more commonly used in rodent research. This oral route of administration determines the pharmacokinetic profile, which then influences the establishment of drug-reinforcement associations in animals. Moreover, the pattern of intake and the environment in which addictive drugs are self-administered are critical determinants of the levels of drug intake, of behavioral sensitization, and of propensity to relapse behavior. These are all important considerations when modeling prescription opioid use, which is characterized by continuous drug access in familiar environments. Thus, to model features of prescription opioid use and the transition to abuse, we designed an oral, homecage-based oxycodone self-administration paradigm. Mice voluntarily self-administer oxycodone in this paradigm without any taste modification such as sweeteners, and the majority exhibit preference for oxycodone, escalation of intake, physical signs of dependence, and reinstatement of seeking after withdrawal. In addition, a subset of animals demonstrate drug taking that is resistant to aversive consequences. This model is therefore translationally relevant and useful for studying the neurobiological substrates of prescription opioid abuse.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Slivicki, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Earnest, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pareta, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casey, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tooley, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abiraman, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vachez, Y. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolf, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sackey, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gereau, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Copits, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kravitz, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creed, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.19.500655</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Oral oxycodone self-administration leads to features of opioid addiction in male and female mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.21.501021v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
IMC-Denoise: a content aware denoising pipeline to enhance Imaging Mass Cytometry 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.21.501021v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Imaging Mass Cytometry (IMC) is an emerging multiplexed imaging technology for analyzing complex microenvironments that has the ability to detect the spatial distribution of at least 40 cell markers. However, this new modality has unique image data processing requirements, particularly when applying this technology to patient tissue specimens. In these cases, signal-to-noise ratio for particular markers can be low despite optimization of staining conditions, and the presence of pixel intensity artifacts can deteriorate image quality and the subsequent performance of downstream analysis. Here we demonstrate an automated content-aware pipeline, IMC-Denoise, to restore IMC images. Specifically, we deploy a differential intensity map-based restoration (DIMR) algorithm for removing hot pixels and a self-supervised deep learning algorithm for filtering shot noise (DeepSNF). IMC-Denoise outperforms existing methods for adaptive hot pixel removal, and delivers significant image quality improvement and background noise removal to a diverse set of IMC channels and datasets. This includes a unique, technically challenging, human bone marrow IMC dataset; in which we achieve noise level reduction of 87% for a 5.6-fold higher contrast-to-noise ratio, and more accurate background noise removal with approximately two-fold improved F1 score. Our approach remarkably enhances both manual gating and automated phenotyping with cell-scale down-stream analysis on these complex data. We anticipate that IMC-Denoise will provide similar benefits in mass cytometry imaging domains to more deeply characterize the complex and diverse tissue microenvironment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oetjen, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bender, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruzinova, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisher, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shim, K. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pachynski, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennen, W. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Link, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thorek, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.21.501021</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[IMC-Denoise: a content aware denoising pipeline to enhance Imaging Mass Cytometry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.23.501265v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hydrogel Assisted Double Molding of 3D-Print Enables Prestress Regulation of Micro-Heart Muscle Physiology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.23.501265v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Engineered heart tissues have been created to study cardiac biology and disease in a setting that more closely mimics in-vivo heart muscle than 2D monolayer culture. Previously published studies suggest that geometrically anisotropic micro-environments are crucial for inducing "in vivo-like" physiology from immature cardiomyocytes. We hypothesized that such anisotropic tissue geometries regulate tissue prestress, and that in turn this prestress is a major factor regulating cardiomyocytes electrophysiological development. Thus, we studied the effects of tissue geometry on electrophysiology of micro-heart muscle arrays (HM) engineered from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). Geometries predicted to increase tissue prestress not only affected cardiomyocyte structure, but also had profound effects on electrophysiology.

Elongated geometries led to adaptations that yielded increased calcium intake during each contraction cycle. Strikingly, pharmacologic studies revealed a prestress threshold is required for sodium channel function, whereas L-type calcium and rapidly-rectifying potassium channels were largely insensitive. Analysis of RNA and protein levels suggest sodium channel activity changes were related to post-transcriptional, and potentially post-translational, changes. HM formed from Plakophilin 2 (PKP2) knockout iPSC had a cellular structure similar to isogenic controls.

However, these tissues exhibited no functional sodium current and an overall lesser degree of electrical remodeling in response to prestress. These results suggest that PKP2, a key component of the nascent desmosome, is crucial to transducing tissue prestress into physiologically beneficial electrical remodeling via activation of sodium channels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Simmons, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shuftan, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oguntuyo, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramahdita, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munsell, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kandalaft, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pear, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huebsch, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.23.501265</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hydrogel Assisted Double Molding of 3D-Print Enables Prestress Regulation of Micro-Heart Muscle Physiology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.26.501541v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tenotomy-induced muscle atrophy is sex-specific and independent of NFκB 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.26.501541v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The nuclear factor-{kappa}B (NF{kappa}B) pathway is a major thoroughfare for skeletal muscle atrophy and is driven by diverse stimuli. Targeted inhibition of NF{kappa}B through its canonical mediator IKK{beta} effectively mitigates loss of muscle mass across many conditions, from denervation to unloading to cancer. In this study, we used gain- and loss-of-function mouse models to examine the role of NF{kappa}B in muscle atrophy following rotator cuff tenotomy - a model of chronic rotator cuff tear. IKK{beta} was knocked down or constitutively activated in muscle-specific inducible transgenic mice to elicit a 2-fold gain or loss of NF{kappa}B signaling. Surprisingly, neither knockdown of IKK{beta} nor overexpression of caIKK{beta} significantly altered the loss of muscle mass following tenotomy. This finding was consistent across measures of architectural adaptation (fiber cross-sectional area, fiber length, fiber number), tissue pathology (fibrosis and fatty infiltration) and intracellular signaling (ubiquitin-proteasome, autophagy). Intriguingly, late-stage tenotomy-induced atrophy was exacerbated in male mice compared to female mice. This sex specificity was driven by ongoing decreases in fiber cross-sectional area, which paralleled the accumulation of large autophagic vesicles in male, but not female muscle. These findings suggest that tenotomy-induced atrophy is not dependent on NF{kappa}B and instead may be regulated by autophagy in a sex-specific manner.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Meyer, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomopoulos, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abu-Amer, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.26.501541</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tenotomy-induced muscle atrophy is sex-specific and independent of NFκB]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.31.502237v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deep-SMOLM: Deep Learning Resolves the 3D Orientations and 2D Positions of Overlapping Single Molecules with Optimal Nanoscale Resolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.31.502237v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dipole-spread function (DSF) engineering reshapes the images of a microscope to maximize the sensitivity of measuring the 3D orientations of dipole-like emitters. However, severe Poisson shot noise, overlapping images, and simultaneously fitting high-dimensional information-both orientation and position-greatly complicates image analysis in single-molecule orientation-localization microscopy (SMOLM). Here, we report a deep-learning based estimator, termed Deep-SMOLM, that archives superior 3D orientation and 2D position measurement precision within 3% of the theoretical limit (3.8{whitebullet} orientation, 0.32 sr wobble angle, and 8.5 nm lateral position using 1000 detected photons). Deep-SMOLM also achieves state-of-art estimation performance on overlapping images of emitters, e.g., a 0.95 Jaccard index for emitters separated by 139 nm, corresponding to a 43% image overlap. Deep-SMOLM accurately and precisely reconstructs 5D information of both simulated biological fibers and experimental amyloid fibrils from images containing highly overlapped DSFs, at a speed [~]10 times faster than iterative estimators.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahman, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lew, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.31.502237</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deep-SMOLM: Deep Learning Resolves the 3D Orientations and 2D Positions of Overlapping Single Molecules with Optimal Nanoscale Resolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.03.502650v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neuronal Maturation-dependent Nano-Neuro Interaction and Modulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.03.502650v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nanotechnology-enabled neuromodulation, a rapidly growing technique, is a promising minimally-invasive tool in neuroscience and engineering for both fundamental studies as well as clinical applications. However, the nano-neuro interactions at different stages of maturation of a neural network and its implications on the nano-neuromodulation remain unclear. Here, we report heterogeneous to homogenous transformation of neuromodulation in a progressively maturing neural network. Utilizing plasmonic fluors as ultrabright fluorescent nanolabels, we reveal that negative surface charge of the nanoparticles renders selective nano-neuro interaction with a strong correlation between the maturation stage of the individual neurons in the neural network and the density of the nanoparticles bound on the neurons. In stark contrast to homogeneous neuromodulation in a mature neural network reported so far, the maturation-dependent density of the nanoparticles bound to neurons in a developing neural network resulted in a heterogeneous optical neuromodulation (i.e., simultaneous excitation and inhibition of neural network activity). This study advances our understanding of nano-neuro interactions and nano-neuromodulation with potential applications in minimally-invasive technologies for treating neuronal disorders in parts of mammalian brain where neurogenesis persists throughout aging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gupta, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rathi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baldi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coquerel, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Debnath, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gholami Derami, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singamaneni, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.03.502650</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neuronal Maturation-dependent Nano-Neuro Interaction and Modulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.04.502542v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hypoxia Sensing in Resident Cardiac Macrophages Regulates Monocyte-Derived Macrophage Fate Specification following Myocardial Infarction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.04.502542v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Myocardial infarction initiates cardiac remodeling and is central to heart failure pathogenesis. Following myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury, monocytes enter the heart and differentiate into diverse subpopulations of macrophages. The mechanisms and dynamics of monocyte differentiation within this context are unknown. We investigated the role of macrophage hypoxia sensing on monocyte differentiation following reperfused myocardial infarction. We show that deletion of Hif1, a hypoxia response transcription factor, in resident cardiac macrophages led to increased remodeling and overrepresentation of a macrophage subset marked by arginase 1 (Arg1) expression. Arg1+ macrophages displayed an inflammatory gene signature and were predicted to represent an intermediate state within the monocyte differentiation cascade. Lineage tracing of Arg1+ macrophages revealed the existence of a monocyte differentiation trajectory consisting of multiple transcriptionally distinct macrophage states. We further showed that deletion of Hif1 in resident cardiac macrophages resulted in arrested progression through this trajectory and accumulation of an inflammatory intermediate state marked by persistent Arg1 expression. Collectively, our findings unveil distinct trajectories of monocyte differentiation and identify hypoxia sensing as an important determinant of monocyte differentiation following myocardial infarction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kadyrov, F. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koenig, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amrute, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weinheimer, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nigro, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kovacs, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bredemeyer, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kreisel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavine, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.04.502542</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hypoxia Sensing in Resident Cardiac Macrophages Regulates Monocyte-Derived Macrophage Fate Specification following Myocardial Infarction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.08.503098v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dorsal Hippocampus To Nucleus Accumbens Projections Drive Reinforcement Via Activation of Accumbal Dynorphin Neurons. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.08.503098v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The hippocampus represents a key structure in the integration of emotional processing, learning and memory, and reward-related behaviors. While the ventral subdivision of the hippocampus (vHPC) is involved in processing emotional values of salient stimuli and goal-directed behaviors, the dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) plays a critical role in episodic, spatial, and associative memory. In addition, it has been shown that the dHPC is necessary for context- and cue-associated reward behaviors, including the expression of reward seeking. The nucleus accumbens (NAc), a central structure in the mesolimbic reward pathway, integrates the salience of aversive and rewarding stimuli and its activity is sufficient to drive aversive and appetitive behaviors. Recent evidence has demonstrated that dHPC[-&gt;]Nucleus Accumbens (NAc) pathway is necessary for expression of a conditioned place preference. However, despite years of groundbreaking research and identification of direct projections from the dHPC to the NAc, the sufficiency for dHPC[-&gt;]NAC inputs to drive reinforcement and reward associated behavior remains to be determined.

Here using a wide range of complementary and cutting-edge techniques including behavior, in-vivo manipulation using optogenetics, chemogenetics, brain clearing, local field potential and fiber photometry recordings, we demonstrate that activation of excitatory projections from the CA1 subregion of the dHPC (dCA1) is sufficient to drive reinforcing behaviors. In addition, we provide strong evidence that this reinforcing behavior is driven by 1) a direct projection from the dCA1 to the NAc and 2) enhanced glutamatergic signaling within the NAc. Furthermore, we uncovered that while dCA1 stimulation increases the activity of both enkephalin- and dynorphin-containing medium spiny neurons in the NAc, the selective activity of dynorphin-containing neurons is necessary for the expression of this reinforcing behavior. Our findings shed light on a novel pathway governing reinforcement and further extend the role of the dHPC on reward seeking.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Massaly, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibrahim, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoon, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandoval, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frye, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Post, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Idowu, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zec, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pathiranage, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kash, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moron, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.08.503098</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dorsal Hippocampus To Nucleus Accumbens Projections Drive Reinforcement Via Activation of Accumbal Dynorphin Neurons.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.08.503246v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LinguaPhylo: a probabilistic model specification language for reproducible phylogenetic analyses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.08.503246v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phylogenetic models have become increasingly complex, and phylogenetic data sets have expanded in both size and richness. However, current inference tools lack a model specification language that can concisely describe a complete phylogenetic analysis while remaining independent of implementation details. We introduce a new lightweight and concise model specification language,  LPhy, which is designed to be both human and machine-readable. A graphical user interface accompanies  LPhy, allowing users to build models, simulate data, and create natural language narratives describing the models. These narratives can serve as the foundation for manuscript method sections. Additionally, we present a command-line interface for converting LPhy-specified models into analysis specification files (in XML format) compatible with the BEAST2 software platform. Collectively, these tools aim to enhance the clarity of descriptions and reporting of probabilistic models in phylogenetic studies, ultimately promoting reproducibility of results.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Drummond, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendes, F. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.08.503246</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LinguaPhylo: a probabilistic model specification language for reproducible phylogenetic analyses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.18.504454v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Circadian rhythms in multiple behaviors depend on sex, neuropeptide signaling, and ambient light 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.18.504454v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Organisms have evolved circadian (near-24 h) rhythms in behavior to anticipate daily opportunities and challenges such as mating and predation. However, the ethological investigation of circadian behavioral rhythms has been traditionally limited to studying easy-to-measure behaviors at higher temporal resolution or difficult-to-measure behaviors with limited temporal resolution. Our ability to simultaneously record circadian rhythms in multiple behaviors has also been limited by currently available technology. We thus sought to examine eight overt, ethologically-relevant behaviors never before studied simultaneously as a function of time of day: eating, drinking, grooming, rearing, nesting, digging, exploring, and resting. To address the hypothesis that the daily patterning of these behaviors depends on neuropeptide signaling, sex, and ambient light, we used high-throughput machine learning to automatically score millions of video frames of freely-behaving male and female wild-type and vasoactive intestinal peptide (Vip)-deficient mice. Automated frame-by-frame predictions of the eight behaviors correlated highly with consensus labels by trained human classifiers. We discovered reliable daily rhythms in many previously unreported behaviors that peaked at stereotyped times of day and persisted in constant darkness. Surprisingly, nesting and digging rhythms differed dramatically in both phase and amplitude between male and female mice. In Vip-deficient mice, daily rhythms in most behaviors were low amplitude and peaked earlier in the day in a light:dark cycle, while rhythms in all behaviors peaked randomly throughout the day in constant darkness. We also found that for most behaviors, time budgets predominantly differed by light cycle, but transition probabilities predominantly differed with VIP signaling and by sex. We conclude that machine learning can be used to reveal novel sex, neuropeptide, and light-dependent behaviors at time scales from seconds to days.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wahba, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nikhil, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herzog, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.18.504454</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Circadian rhythms in multiple behaviors depend on sex, neuropeptide signaling, and ambient light]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.22.504833v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regulation of iron transport is required for terminal erythroid differentiation even under iron-replete conditions that are sufficient for hemoglobinization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.22.504833v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Iron metabolism drives key erythropoietic processes, including hemoglobinization, survival, and proliferation. Here, we developed in vivo methods to interrogate how iron regulates erythropoiesis and report that mitochondrial iron transport via MFRN1 is essential for erythroid cell cycle progression. mfrn1 embryos had severely decreased erythroid cell number caused by cell cycle arrest at G2/M. They had enlarged nuclei, suggesting a mitotic defect. Iron supplementation rescued the cell cycle defect, implicating mitochondrial iron deficiency as its cause. In contrast, fpn1 mutants, anemic from systemic iron deficiency, had less severe decreases in erythroid mitochondrial iron than mfrn1 mutants and no proliferative defects. scRNAseq and FACS analyses for cd41 (thrombocytic) and gata1 reporters indicated that developmental defects in mfrn1 mutants were largely erythroid restricted. mfrn1 mutant gata1+ erythroid progenitors were severely decreased at 3 dpf, and a further decrease in globin- expressing terminally differentiating erythroid cells. While wild-type erythroid cells mostly lost expression of the gata1 progenitor marker by 3 dpf, mfrn1 mutant erythroid cells retained gata1 expression. These data are consistent with a model where mitochondrial iron transport facilitates development of gata1+ erythroid progenitors and is required for the completion of erythropoiesis by facilitating mitosis in the terminal cell cycles.

Key pointsO_LIMitochondrial iron import through MFRN1 is required for progress through the G2/M checkpoint in the terminal cell cycles leading to terminal erythroid differentiation.
C_LIO_LIMitochondrial iron supply through MFRN1 is required for maintenance/proliferation of erythroid progenitors and terminal maturation into globin expressing erythroid cells.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danoff, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>West, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stratman, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yien, Y. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.22.504833</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regulation of iron transport is required for terminal erythroid differentiation even under iron-replete conditions that are sufficient for hemoglobinization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.24.504591v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Site-1 Protease inhibits mitochondrial metabolism by controlling the TGF-β target gene MSS51 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.24.504591v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mitochondrial response to changes in cellular energy demand is necessary for cellular adaptation and organ function. Many genes are essential in orchestrating this response, including the transforming growth factor (TGF)-{beta}1 target gene MSS51, which is an inhibitor of skeletal muscle mitochondrial metabolism. Despite the potential importance of MSS51 in the pathophysiology of obesity and musculoskeletal disease, how MSS51 is regulated is not entirely understood. Site-1 Protease (S1P) is a Golgi-resident protease that is a key activator of several transcription factors required for cellular adaptation. However, the role of S1P in muscle and mitochondrial function are unknown. Here, we identify S1P as a negative regulator of muscle mass and mitochondrial metabolism. Disruption of S1P in mouse skeletal muscle and cultured myofibers leads to a reduction in MSS51 expression, increased muscle mass, and increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption. The effects of S1P deficiency on mitochondrial activity are counteracted by overexpressing MSS51, suggesting that S1P inhibits mitochondrial metabolism by regulating the expression of MSS51. Furthermore, S1P suppression enhances TGF-{beta} signaling via the AKT pathway, potentially explaining muscle hypertrophy in S1P deficient mice. The discovery of S1P as a regulator of mitochondrial metabolism and muscle mass expands our understanding of TGF-{beta} signaling and suggests this protease could be a target for therapeutic intervention in muscle.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mousa, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vuppaladhadiam, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, M. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pietka, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finck, B. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brookheart, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.24.504591</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Site-1 Protease inhibits mitochondrial metabolism by controlling the TGF-β target gene MSS51]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.25.505251v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multimodal brain age estimates relate to Alzheimer disease biomarkers and cognition in early stages: a cross-sectional observational study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.25.505251v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundEstimates of "brain-predicted age" quantify apparent brain age compared to normative trajectories of neuroimaging features. The brain age gap (BAG) between predicted and chronological age is elevated in symptomatic Alzheimer disease (AD), but has not been well explored in preclinical AD. Prior studies have typically modeled BAG with structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but more recently other modalities, including functional connectivity (FC) and multimodal MRI, have been explored.

MethodsWe trained three models to predict age from FC, volumetric (Vol), or multimodal MRI (Vol+FC) in 390 control participants (18-89 years old). In independent samples of 144 older adult controls, 154 preclinical AD participants, and 154 cognitively impaired (CI; CDR > 0) participants, we tested relationships between BAG and AD biomarkers of amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration, as well as a global cognitive composite.

ResultsAll models predicted age in the control training set, with the multimodal model outperforming the unimodal models. All three BAG estimates were significantly elevated in CI compared to controls. FC-BAG and Vol+FC-BAG were marginally reduced in preclinical AD participants compared to controls. In CI participants only, elevated Vol-BAG and Vol+FC-BAG were associated with more advanced AD pathology and lower cognitive performance.

ConclusionsBoth FC-BAG and Vol-BAG are elevated in CI participants. However, FC and volumetric MRI also capture complementary signals. Specifically, FC-BAG may capture a unique biphasic response to preclinical AD pathology, while Vol-BAG may capture pathological progression and cognitive decline in the symptomatic stage. A multimodal age-prediction model captures these modality-specific patterns, and further, improves sensitivity to healthy age differences.

FundingThis work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (P01-AG026276, P01-AG03991, P30-AG066444, 5-R01-AG052550, 5-R01-AG057680, 1-R01-AG067505, 1S10RR022984-01A1, U19-AG032438), the BrightFocus Foundation (A2022014F), and the Alzheimers Association (SG-20-690363-DIAN).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Millar, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luckett, P. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benzinger, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cruchaga, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fagan, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hassenstab, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perrin, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schindler, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allegri, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Day, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farlow, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mori, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nübling, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bateman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ances, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.25.505251</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multimodal brain age estimates relate to Alzheimer disease biomarkers and cognition in early stages: a cross-sectional observational study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.25.505295v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeted Deletion of Fgf9 in Tendon Disrupts Mineralization of the Developing Enthesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.25.505295v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The enthesis is a transitional tissue between tendon and bone that matures postnatally. The development and maturation of the enthesis involve cellular processes likened to an arrested growth plate. In this study, we explored the role of fibroblast growth factor 9 (Fgf9), a known regulator of chondrogenesis and vascularization during bone development, on the structure and function of the postnatal enthesis. First, we confirmed spatial expression of Fgf9 in wildtype tendon and enthesis using in situ hybridization. We then used Cre recombinase driven by the scleraxis promoter (ScxCre) to conditionally inactivate Fgf9 in mouse tendon and enthesis. Characterization of enthesis morphology and mechanical properties in Fgf9ScxCre and wildtype (WT) entheses showed a smaller calcaneal and humeral apophyses, thinner cortical bone at the attachment, increased cellularity, and reduced failure load in mature entheses in Fgf9ScxCre compared to WT littermates. During postnatal development, we found reduced chondrocyte hypertrophy and disrupted type X collagen (Col X) in Fgf9ScxCre entheses. These findings support a model in which tendon-derived Fgf9 regulates the functional development of the enthesis, including its postnatal mineralization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ganji, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leek, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duncan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patra, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ornitz, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Killian, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.25.505295</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeted Deletion of Fgf9 in Tendon Disrupts Mineralization of the Developing Enthesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.29.505723v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Host network-based discovery of critical regulators of innate immunity, virus growth, and pathogenesis in influenza virus infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.29.505723v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Innate immunity is protective against viruses, but also can facilitate pathological infection responses. Despite intensive research, our understanding of the mechanisms that regulate innate immunity in virus infection remains incomplete. Systems biology-based data-driven modeling approaches hold substantial promise toward discovery of crucial innate immune signaling regulators, yet model-derived predictions are almost completely unexplored. Here, we carried out systematic experimental validation of candidate regulators predicted by a transcriptional association network model of influenza virus-infected cells. We identified dozens of novel innate immune signaling regulators with potent effects on the replication of influenza and other viruses, and importantly, we established the biological relevance of a validated regulator in vivo. Collectively, these findings aid in clarifying mechanisms of influenza virus pathogenicity and might lead to innovative approaches for treating influenza virus disease. Similar data-driven modeling strategies may be applicable for the study of other pathogen systems or immunological disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Eisfeld, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venkatachalam, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halfmann, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walters, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nair, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thackray, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kocher, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sims, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, H. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neumann, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blank, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waters, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baric, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamond, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawaoka, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.29.505723</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Host network-based discovery of critical regulators of innate immunity, virus growth, and pathogenesis in influenza virus infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.31.506078v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular regulation of GPCR-G-protein-governed PIP3 generation and its adaptation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.31.506078v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5) trisphosphate (PIP3) is a plasma membrane-bound signaling phospholipid involved in many cellular signaling pathways that control crucial cellular processes and behaviors, including cytoskeleton remodeling, metabolism, chemotaxis, and apoptosis. Therefore, defective PIP3 signaling is implicated in various disease driving processes, including cancer metastasis, diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Upon activation by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) or receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), phosphoinositide-3-kinases (PI3Ks) phosphorylate phosphatidylinositol (4,5) bisphosphate (PIP2), generating PIP3. Interestingly, though the mechanisms are unclear, PIP3 produced upon GPCR activation attenuates within minutes, indicating a tight temporal regulation. Our data show the subcellular redistributions of G proteins govern this PIP3 attenuation in the presence of sustained receptor stimulation, and thus meet the definition of signaling adaptation. Interestingly the observed adaptation of PIP3 was G{gamma} subtype-dependent. Considering distinct cell-tissue-specific G{gamma} expression profiles, our findings not only demonstrate how the GPCR-induced PIP3 response is adapted but also show how diversely this adaptation process is regulated by the dominant G{gamma}s of a cell.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wijayaratna, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ratnayake, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ubeysinghe, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kankanamge, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tennakoon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karunarathne, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.31.506078</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular regulation of GPCR-G-protein-governed PIP3 generation and its adaptation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.31.506082v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effect of genomic and cellular environments on gene expression noise 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.31.506082v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Individual cells from isogenic populations often display large cell-to-cell differences in gene expression. This "noise" in expression derives from several sources, including the genomic and cellular environment in which a gene resides. Large-scale maps of genomic environments have revealed the effects of epigenetic modifications and transcription factor occupancy on mean expression levels, but leveraging such maps to explain expression noise will require new methods to assay how expression noise changes at locations across the genome. To address this gap, we present Single-cell Analysis of Reporter Gene Expression Noise and Transcriptome (SARGENT), a method that simultaneously measures the noisiness of reporter genes integrated throughout the genome and the global mRNA profiles of individual reporter-gene-containing cells. Using SARGENT, we performed the first comprehensive genome-wide survey of how genomic locations impact gene expression noise. We found that the mean and noise of expression correlate with different histone modifications. We quantified the intrinsic and extrinsic components of reporter gene noise and, using the associated mRNA profiles, assigned the extrinsic component to differences between the CD24+ "stem-like" sub-state and the more "differentiated" sub-state. SARGENT also reveals the effects of transgene integrations on endogenous gene expression, which will help guide the search for "safe-harbor" loci. Taken together, we show that SARGENT is a powerful tool to measure both the mean and noise of gene expression at locations across the genome, and that the data generated by SARGENT reveals important insights into the regulation of gene expression noise genome-wide.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hong, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.31.506082</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effect of genomic and cellular environments on gene expression noise]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.01.505917v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mucosal and systemic neutralizing antibodies to norovirus and rotavirus by oral immunization with recombinant rotavirus in infant mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.01.505917v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rotaviruses (RVs) preferentially replicate in the small intestine, frequently cause severe diarrheal disease, and following enteric infection generally induce variable levels of protective systemic and mucosal immune responses in humans and other animals. Rhesus rotavirus (RRV) is a simian RV that was previously used as a human RV vaccine and has been extensively studied in mice. Although RRV replicates poorly in the suckling mouse intestine, infection induces a robust and protective antibody response. The recent availability of plasmid-based RV reverse genetics systems has enabled the generation of recombinant RVs expressing foreign proteins. However, recombinant RVs have not yet been experimentally tested as potential vaccine vectors to immunize against other gastrointestinal pathogens in vivo. This is a missed opportunity because several live-attenuated RV vaccines are already widely administered to infants and young children worldwide. To explore the feasibility of using RV as a dual vaccine vector, we rescued a replication-competent recombinant RRV harboring bicistronic gene segment 7 that encodes both the native RV NSP3 protein and a human norovirus (HuNoV) VP1 protein from the predominant genotype GII.4 (rRRV-HuNoV-VP1). The rRRV-HuNoV-VP1 expressed HuNoV VP1 in infected cells in vitro and importantly, elicited both systemic and local antibody responses to HuNoV following oral infection of suckling mice. Serum IgG and fecal IgA from infected suckling mice bound to and neutralized both RV and HuNoV. These findings have encouraging practical implications for the design of RV-based next-generation multivalent enteric vaccines to target HuNoV and other human enteric pathogens while providing immunity to RV.

Significance statementMucosal immunity is a key component of protection against many pathogens. Robust and effective mucosal immune responses are generally induced following infection with a replication-competent pathogen at a mucosal surface. Several studies have attempted to develop viral vector-based enteric mucosal vaccines; however, the most advanced of these are still in clinical development. Here, we successfully induced systemic and mucosal antibody responses against both rotavirus and norovirus following inoculation of a recombinant rotavirus expressing the human norovirus major capsid protein. These responses are likely to correlate with protective immunity. Live-attenuated rotavirus vaccines have already proven safe and effective worldwide. These findings confirm the potential utility of using rotaviruses as a dual enteric vaccine platform for other important human enteric pathogens.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kawagishi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez-Tacuba, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costantini, V. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, K. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vinje, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenberg, H. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.01.505917</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mucosal and systemic neutralizing antibodies to norovirus and rotavirus by oral immunization with recombinant rotavirus in infant mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.05.506254v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Drug specificity and affinity are encoded in the probability of cryptic pocket opening in myosin motor domains 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.05.506254v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The design of compounds that can discriminate between closely related target proteins remains a central challenge in drug discovery. Specific therapeutics targeting the highly conserved myosin motor family are urgently needed as mutations in at least 6 of its members cause numerous diseases. Allosteric modulators, like the myosin-II inhibitor blebbistatin, are a promising means to achieve specificity. However, it remains unclear why blebbistatin inhibits myosin-II motors with different potencies given that it binds at a highly conserved pocket that is always closed in blebbistatin-free experimental structures. We hypothesized that the probability of pocket opening is an important determinant of the potency of compounds like blebbistatin. To test this hypothesis, we used Markov state models (MSMs) built from over 2 milliseconds of aggregate molecular dynamics simulations with explicit solvent. We find that blebbistatins binding pocket readily opens in simulations of blebbistatin-sensitive myosin isoforms. Comparing these conformational ensembles reveals that the probability of pocket opening correctly identifies which isoforms are most sensitive to blebbistatin inhibition and that docking against MSMs quantitatively predicts blebbistatin binding affinities (R2=0.82). To test our ability to make blind predictions, we predicted blebbistatins binding affinity for an isoform (Myh7b) whose blebbistatin sensitivity was unknown. Encouragingly, we find good agreement between the predicted and measured IC50 (0.67 {micro}M vs. 0.36 {micro}M). Therefore, we expect this framework to be useful for the development of novel specific drugs across numerous protein targets.

SignificanceDrug development requires the discovery of compounds which specifically target one member of a protein family without triggering side effects that arise from interactions with other related proteins. Myosins are a family of motor proteins that are drug targets for heart diseases, cancer, and parasitic infections. Here, we investigate why the compound blebbistatin specifically inhibits some myosins more potently than others, even though its binding site is closed in all known experimental structures. We find that the blebbistatin binding pocket opens in molecular dynamics simulations of certain myosin motors, and that the probability of opening predicts how potently blebbistatin inhibits a particular motor. Our work suggests that differences in cryptic pocket formation can be exploited to develop specific therapeutics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Meller, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lotthammer, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novak, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuhn, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenberg, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leinwand, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenberg, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.05.506254</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Drug specificity and affinity are encoded in the probability of cryptic pocket opening in myosin motor domains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/204420v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Barriers to Integration of Bioinformatics into Undergraduate Life Sciences Education 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/204420v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bioinformatics, a discipline that combines aspects of biology, statistics, and computer science, is increasingly important for biological research. However, bioinformatics instruction is rarely integrated into life sciences curricula at the undergraduate level. To understand why, the Network for Integrating Bioinformatics into Life Sciences Education (NIBLSE, "nibbles") recently undertook an extensive survey of life sciences faculty in the United States. The survey responses to open-ended questions about barriers to integration were subjected to keyword analysis. The barrier most frequently reported by the ~1,260 respondents was lack of faculty training. Faculty at associates-granting institutions report the least training in bioinformatics and the least integration of bioinformatics into their teaching. Faculty from underrepresented minority groups (URMs) in STEM reported training barriers at a higher rate than others, although the number of URM respondents was small. Interestingly, the cohort of faculty with the most recently awarded PhD degrees reported the most training but were teaching bioinformatics at a lower rate than faculty who earned their degrees in previous decades. Other barriers reported included lack of student interest in bioinformatics; lack of student preparation in mathematics, statistics, and computer science; already overly full curricula; and limited access to resources, including hardware, software, and vetted teaching materials. The results of the survey, the largest to date on bioinformatics education, will guide efforts to further integrate bioinformatics instruction into undergraduate life sciences education.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Williams, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drew, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galindo-Gonzalez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dinsdale, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morgan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Triplett, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burnette, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donovan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elgin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fowlks, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grandgenett, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goller, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hauser, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jungck, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pearson, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryder, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson Sayres, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sierk, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tosado-Acevedo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tapprich, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tobin, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toro-Martinez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welch, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ebenbach, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McWilliams, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenwald, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pauley, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/204420</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Barriers to Integration of Bioinformatics into Undergraduate Life Sciences Education]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/205708v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Maternal SSRI treatment during offspring development results in long-term behavioral, cellular, and neuroimaging disruptions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/205708v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Serotonergic dysregulation is implicated in psychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Epidemiological studies suggest selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment during pregnancy may increase ASD risk in offspring, however it is unclear from these studies whether ASD susceptibility is related to the maternal diagnosis or if treatment poses additional risk. Here, we exposed mouse dams to fluoxetine and characterized the offspring to isolate possible effects of SSRI exposure on ASD-relevant behaviors. We demonstrate social communication and interaction deficits and repetitive behaviors, with corresponding dendritic morphology changes in pertinent brain regions. Also, using a novel application of optical intrinsic signal imaging, we show altered stimulus-evoked cortical response and region-specific decreases in functional connectivity. These findings indicate drug exposure alone is sufficient to induce long-term behavioral, cellular, and hemodynamic-response disruptions in offspring, thus contributing to our understanding of ASD pathogenesis, risk and mechanism, as well as the developmental role of serotonin.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Maloney, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahn, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akula, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rieger, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCullough, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jakes, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avdagic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bauernfeind, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Culver, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/205708</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Maternal SSRI treatment during offspring development results in long-term behavioral, cellular, and neuroimaging disruptions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/207852v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Use of a scoring strategy to determine clinical risk of progression and risk group-specific treatment adherence in subjects with latent tuberculosis infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/207852v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundAnnual incidence of active tuberculosis (TB) cases has plateaued in the US from 2013-2015. Most cases are from reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). A likely contributor is suboptimal LTBI treatment completion rates in subjects at high risk of developing active TB. It is unknown whether these patients are adequately identified and treated under current standard of care.nnMethodsIn this study, we sought to retrospectively assess the utility of an online risk calculator (tstin3d.com) in determining probability of LTBI and defining the characteristics and treatment outcomes of Low: 0-<10%, Intermediate: 10-<50% and High: 50-100% risk groups of asymptomatic subjects with LTBI seen between 2010-2015.nnResults51(41%), 46 (37%) and 28 (22%) subjects were in Low, Intermediate and High risk groups respectively. Tstin3d.com was useful in determining the probability of LTBI in tuberculin skin test positive US born subjects. Of 114 subjects with available treatment information, overall completion rate was 61% and rates of completion in Low (60%), Intermediate (63%) and High (57%) risk groups were equivalent. 75% subjects in the 3HP group completed treatment compared to 58% in the INH group. Provider documentation of important clinical risk factors was often incomplete. Logistic regression analysis showed no clear trends of treatment completion being associated with assessment of a risk factor.nnConclusionThese findings suggest tstin3d.com could be utilized in the US setting for risk stratification of patients with LTBI and select treatment based on risk. Current standard of care practice leads to subjects in all groups finishing treatment at equivalent rates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scolarici, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dekitani, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sokol-Anderson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoft, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatterjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/207852</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Use of a scoring strategy to determine clinical risk of progression and risk group-specific treatment adherence in subjects with latent tuberculosis infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/208330v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Germline determinants of the somatic mutation landscape in 2,642 cancer genomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/208330v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cancers develop through somatic mutagenesis, however germline genetic variation can markedly contribute to tumorigenesis via diverse mechanisms. We discovered and phased 88 million germline single nucleotide variants, short insertions/deletions, and large structural variants in whole genomes from 2,642 cancer patients, and employed this genomic resource to study genetic determinants of somatic mutagenesis across 39 cancer types. Our analyses implicate damaging germline variants in a variety of cancer predisposition and DNA damage response genes with specific somatic mutation patterns. Mutations in the MBD4 DNA glycosylase gene showed association with elevated C>T mutagenesis at CpG dinucleotides, a ubiquitous mutational process acting across tissues. Analysis of somatic structural variation exposed complex rearrangement patterns, involving cycles of templated insertions and tandem duplications, in BRCA1-deficient tumours. Genome-wide association analysis implicated common genetic variation at the APOBEC3 gene cluster with reduced basal levels of somatic mutagenesis attributable to APOBEC cytidine deaminases across cancer types. We further inferred over a hundred polymorphic L1/LINE elements with somatic retrotransposition activity in cancer. Our study highlights the major impact of rare and common germline variants on mutational landscapes in cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Waszak, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rausch, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muyas, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez-Martin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rabionet, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yakneen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Escaramis, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saini, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demidov, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pitkanen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delaneau, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heredia-Genestar, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weischenfeldt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shringarpure, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakagawa, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandrov, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drechsel, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dursi, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Segre, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garrison, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erkek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Habermann, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urban, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khurana, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cafferkey, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayashi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imoto, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aaltonen, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarez, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baez-Ortega, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bailey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bosio, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruzos, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchhalter, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bustamante, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calabrese, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiBiase,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/208330</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Germline determinants of the somatic mutation landscape in 2,642 cancer genomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/209114v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Terminal uridylyltransferases target RNA viruses as part of the innate immune system in animals 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/209114v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNA viruses are a major threat to animals and plants. RNA interference (RNAi) and the interferon response provide innate antiviral defense against RNA viruses. Here we performed a large-scale screen using C. elegans and its natural pathogen, the Orsay virus (OrV), and identified cde-1 as important for antiviral defense. CDE-1 is a homologue of the mammalian TUT4/7 terminal uridylyltransferases; its catalytic activity is required for its antiviral function. CDE-1 uridylates the 3' end of the OrV RNA genome and promotes its degradation, independently of the RNAi pathway. Likewise, TUT4/7 uridylate influenza A virus (IAV) mRNAs in mammalian cells. Deletion of TUT4/7 leads to increased IAV mRNA and protein levels. We have defined 3' terminal uridylation of viral RNAs as a conserved antiviral defense mechanism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Le Pen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Domenico, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kneuss, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kosalka, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morgan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Much, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rudolph, K. L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Enright, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Carroll, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miska, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/209114</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Terminal uridylyltransferases target RNA viruses as part of the innate immune system in animals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/210195v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The relationship between spatial configuration and functional connectivity of brain regions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/210195v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Brain connectivity is often considered in terms of the communication between functionally distinct brain regions. Many studies have investigated the extent to which patterns of coupling strength between multiple neural populations relates to behavior. For example, studies have used "functional connectivity fingerprints" to characterise individuals' brain activity. Here, we investigate the extent to which the exact spatial arrangement of cortical regions interacts with measures of brain connectivity. We find that the shape and exact location of brain regions interact strongly with the modelling of brain connectivity, and present evidence that the spatial arrangement of functional regions is strongly predictive of non-imaging measures of behaviour and lifestyle. We believe that, in many cases, cross-subject variations in the spatial configuration of functional brain regions are being interpreted as changes in functional connectivity. Therefore, a better understanding of these effects is important when interpreting the relationship between functional imaging data and cognitive traits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bijsterbosch, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woolrich, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glasser, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beckmann, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Essen, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harrison, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/210195</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The relationship between spatial configuration and functional connectivity of brain regions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/214551v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Towards sustainable bioplastic production in resource limited environments using the photoferroautotrophic and photoelectroautotrophic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris TIE-1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/214551v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bioplastics are an attractive alternative to petroleum-derived plastics because of the harmful environmental effects of conventional plastics and the impending fossil fuel crisis. Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a well-known bioplastic that is produced by several microbes using organic carbon sources. Autotrophic (using carbon dioxide or CO2) PHB production is reported for only a few organisms. Sustainable PHB bioproduction using other autotrophic microbes needs to be explored. Rhodopseudomonas palustris, a metabolically versatile purple non-sulfur bacterium (PNSB) is known to produce PHBs under photoheterotrophic conditions. Rhodopseudomonas palustris strain TIE-1 demonstrates extended metabolic versatility by using electron sources such as ferrous iron and poised electrodes for photoautotrophy. Here we report the ability of TIE-1 to produce PHB under photoferroautotrophic (light - energy source, ferrous iron - electron source and CO2 - carbon source) and photoelectroautotrophic (light - energy source, poised electrodes - electron source and CO2 - carbon source) growth conditions. PHB accumulation was observed both under nitrogen (N2) fixing and non-N2 fixing conditions. For comparison, we determined PHB production under chemoheterotrophic, photoheterotrophic and photoautotrophic conditions using hydrogen as the electron donor. Photoferroautotrophic and photoelectroautotrophic PHB production was on par with that observed from organic carbon substrates such as butyrate. PHB production increased during N2 fixation under photoheterotrophic conditions but not during photoautotrophic growth. Electron microscopy confirmed that TIE-1 cells accumulate PHBs internally under the conditions that showed highest production. However, gene expression analysis suggests that PHB cycle genes are not differentially regulated despite observable changes in biopolymer production.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ranaivoarisoa, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rengasamy, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guzman, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bose, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/214551</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Towards sustainable bioplastic production in resource limited environments using the photoferroautotrophic and photoelectroautotrophic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris TIE-1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/214577v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Improving microbial electrosynthesis of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) from CO2 by Rhodopseudomonas palustris TIE-1 using an immobilized iron complex modified cathode 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/214577v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbial electrosynthesis (MES) is a promising bioelectrochemical approach to produce biochemicals. A previous study showed that Rhodopseudomonas palustris TIE-1 can directly use poised electrodes as electron donors for photoautotrophic growth at cathodic potentials that avoid electrolytic H2 production (photoelectroautotrophy). To make TIE-1 an effective biocatalyst for MES, we need to improve its electron uptake ability and growth under photoelectroautotrophic conditions. Because TIE-1 interacts with various forms of iron while using it as a source of electrons for photoautotrophy (photoferrotrophy), we tested the ability of iron-based redox mediators to enhance direct electron uptake. Our data show that soluble iron cannot act as a redox mediator for electron uptake by TIE-1 from a cathode poised at +100mV vs. Standard Hydrogen electrode. We then tested whether an immobilized iron-based redox mediator Prussian Blue (PB) can enhance electron uptake by TIE-1. Chronoamperometry indicates that cathodic current uptake by TIE-1 increased from 1.47 {+/-} 0.04 to 5.6 {+/-} 0.09 {micro}A/cm2 (3.8 times) and the production of the bioplastic, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) improved from 13.5 {+/-} 0.2 g/L to 18.8 {+/-} 0.5 g/L (1.4 times) on electrodes coated with PB. Overall, our data show that immobilized PB can increase direct electron uptake by TIE-1 and enhances PHB production.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rengasamy, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ranaivoarisoa, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bose, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/214577</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Improving microbial electrosynthesis of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) from CO2 by Rhodopseudomonas palustris TIE-1 using an immobilized iron complex modified cathode]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/219469v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Species abundance plays a dominant role in local and regional extinctions in freshwater communities and allows the identification of selective extinctions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/219469v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent declines in global biodiversity emphasize that understanding the factors that determine extinction risk should be a priority for ecologists and conservation biologists. A key question is whether extinctions are nonrandom and selective, in which case knowledge of selectivity may help predict and prevent future extinction. We suggest, however, that a premature focus on the identification of selective, trait-based determinants of extinctions risk is problematic if the potential importance of stochastic extinction processes are not first considered. Within this context we aimed to determine the roles that stochastic extinction and species abundance play in extinction risk by applying a rarefaction-based null model approach to analyzing biodiversity declines and extinctions in an experimental system. We focused on aquatic macroinvertebrate declines and extinction caused by predation by fish (Lepomis cyanellus) in semi-natural freshwater mesocosms. We found that null-predicted local extirpations based on the random loss of individuals were a significant predictor of observed local extirpations, and that the majority of observed extinctions were consistent with stochastic mechanisms of extinction, as predicted by a rarefaction model. We were able to identify a number of selective extinctions that were not predicted by the rarefaction model, and while these were relatively rare, they contributed to greater-than-expected loss of diversity at both local (mesocosm) and regional (whole experiment) spatial scales. Our results confirm that species abundance and occupancy are among the most important factors in identifying extinction risk in response to a disturbance. Moreover, owing to our use of a stochastic null model, we also conclude that measures of abundance are important indicators of extinction probability because they are operated on by the random loss of individuals, suggesting that stochastic extinction is an important process in this system and in biodiversity loss in general.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Almeida, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biro, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woods, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, K. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/219469</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Species abundance plays a dominant role in local and regional extinctions in freshwater communities and allows the identification of selective extinctions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/223081v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Detecting past and ongoing natural selection among ethnically Tibetan women at high altitude in Nepal 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/223081v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adaptive evolution in humans has rarely been characterized for its whole set of components, i.e. selective pressure, adaptive phenotype, beneficial alleles and realized fitness differential. We combined approaches for detecting selective sweeps and polygenic adaptations and for mapping the genetic bases of physiological and fertility phenotypes in approximately 1000 indigenous ethnically Tibetan women from Nepal, adapted to high altitude. We performed genome-wide association analysis and tests for polygenic adaptations which showed evidence of positive selection for alleles associated with more pregnancies and live births and evidence of negative selection for those associated with higher offspring mortality. Lower hemoglobin level did not show clear evidence for polygenic adaptation, despite its strong association with an EPAS1 haplotype carrying selective sweep signals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jeong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Witonsky, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basnyat, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neupane, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beall, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Childs, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Craig, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novembre, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Rienzo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/223081</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Detecting past and ongoing natural selection among ethnically Tibetan women at high altitude in Nepal]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/230458v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neuronal tracing and analysis by multispectral tracing in densely labeled mouse brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/230458v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurate and complete neuronal wiring diagrams are necessary for understanding brain function at many scales from long-range interregional projections to microcircuits. Traditionally, light microscopy-based anatomical reconstructions use monochromatic labeling and therefore necessitate sparse labeling to eliminate tracing ambiguity between intermingled neurons. Consequently, our knowledge of neuronal morphology has largely been based on averaged estimations across many samples. Recently developed second-generation Brainbow tools promise to circumvent this limitation by revealing fine anatomical details of many unambiguously identifiable neurons in densely labeled samples. Yet, a means to quantify and analyze the information is currently lacking. Therefore, we developed nTracer, an ImageJ plugin capable of rapidly and accurately reconstructing whole-cell morphology of large neuronal populations in densely labeled brains.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roossien, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Webb, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadis, B. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Min, L. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dizaji, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bogart, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazuski, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huth, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stecher, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lichtman, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hensch, T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herzog, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/230458</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neuronal tracing and analysis by multispectral tracing in densely labeled mouse brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/230987v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A deep mutational scan of an acidic activation domain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/230987v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcriptional activation domains are intrinsically disordered peptides with little primary sequence conservation. These properties have made it difficult to identify the sequence features that define activation domains. For example, although acidic activation domains were discovered 30 years ago, we still do not know what role, if any, acidic residues play in these peptides. To address this question we designed a rational mutagenesis scheme to independently test four sequence features theorized to control the strength of activation domains: acidity (negative charge), hydrophobicity, intrinsic disorder, and short linear motifs. To test enough mutants to deconvolve these four features we developed a method to quantify the activities of thousands of activation domain variants in parallel. Our results with Gcn4, a classic acidic activation domain, suggest that acidic residues in particular regions keep two hydrophobic motifs exposed to solvent. We also found that the specific activity of the Gcn4 activation domain increases during amino acid starvation. Our results suggest that Gcn4 may have evolved to have low activity but high inducibility. Our results also demonstrate that high-throughput rational mutation scans will be powerful tools for unraveling the properties that control how intrinsically disordered proteins function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Staller, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swain-Lenz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/230987</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A deep mutational scan of an acidic activation domain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/232561v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative analysis of kidney organoid and adult human kidney single cell and single nucleus transcriptomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/232561v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Kidney organoids differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells hold great promise for understanding organogenesis, modeling disease and ultimately as a source of replacement tissue. Realizing the full potential of this technology will require better differentiation strategies based upon knowledge of the cellular diversity and differentiation state of all cells within these organoids. Here we analyze single cell gene expression in 45,227 cells isolated from 23 organoids differentiated using two different protocols. Both generate kidney organoids that contain a diverse range of kidney cells at differing ratios as well as non-renal cell types. We quantified the differentiation state of major organoid kidney cell types by comparing them against a 4,259 single nucleus RNA-seq dataset generated from adult human kidney, revealing immaturity of all kidney organoid cell types. We reconstructed lineage relationships during organoid differentiation through pseudotemporal ordering, and identified transcription factor networks associated with fate decisions. These results define impressive kidney organoid cell diversity, identify incomplete differentiation as a major roadblock for current directed differentiation protocols and provide a human adult kidney snRNA-seq dataset against which to benchmark future progress.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uchimura, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donnelly, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirita, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humphreys, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/232561</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative analysis of kidney organoid and adult human kidney single cell and single nucleus transcriptomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/233346v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Quantitative Assessment of Prefrontal Cortex in Humans Relative to Nonhuman Primates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/233346v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Humans have the largest cerebral cortex among primates. A long-standing controversy is whether association cortex, particularly prefrontal cortex (PFC), is disproportionately larger in humans compared to nonhuman primates, as some studies report that human PFC is relatively expanded whereas others report uniform PFC scaling. We address this controversy using MRI-derived cortical surfaces of many individual humans, chimpanzees, and macaques. We present two parcellation-based PFC delineations based on cytoarchitecture and function and show that a previously used morphological surrogate (cortex anterior to the genu of the corpus callosum) substantially underestimates PFC extent, especially in humans. We find that the proportion of cortical gray matter occupied by PFC in humans is up to 86% larger than in macaques and 24% larger than in chimpanzees. The disparity is even greater for PFC white matter volume, which is 140% larger in humans compared to macaques and 71% larger than in chimpanzees.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Donahue, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glasser, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preuss, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rilling, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Essen, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/233346</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Quantitative Assessment of Prefrontal Cortex in Humans Relative to Nonhuman Primates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/239368v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromatin interaction data visualization in the WashU Epigenome Browser 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/239368v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationLong-range chromatin interactions are critical for gene regulations and genome maintenance. HiC and Cool are the two most common data formats used by the community, including the 4D Nucleome Consortium (4DN), to represent chromatin interaction data from a variety of chromatin conformation capture experiments, and specialized tools were developed for their analysis, visualization, and conversion. However, there does not exist a tool that can support visualization of both data formats simultaneously.nnResultsThe WashU Epigenome Browser has integrated both HiC and Cool data formats into its visualization platform. Investigators can seamlessly explore chromatin interaction data regardless of their underlying data format. For developers it is straightforward to benchmark the differences in rendering speed and computational resource usage between the two data formats.nnAvailabilityhttp://epigenomegateway.wustl.edu/browser/.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Purushotham, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/239368</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromatin interaction data visualization in the WashU Epigenome Browser]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/246975v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The influence of everyday events on prospective timing "in the moment" 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/246975v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We conducted two experiments to investigate how the eventfulness of everyday experiences influences peoples prospective timing ability. Specifically, we investigated whether events contained within movies of everyday activities serve as markers of time, as predicted by Event Segmentation Theory, or whether events pull attention away from the primary timing task, as predicted by the Attentional Gate theory. In the two experiments reported here, we asked participants to reproduce a previously learned 30 second target duration while watching a movie that contained eventful and uneventful intervals. In Experiment 2, reproduction also occurred during "blank movies" while watching a fixation. In both experiments, participants made shorter and more variable reproductions while simultaneously watching eventful as compared to uneventful movie intervals. Moreover, in Experiment 2, the longest reproductions were produced when participants had to watch the blank movies, which contained no events. These results support Event Segmentation Theory and demonstrate that the elapsing events during prospective temporal reproduction appear to serve as markers of temporal duration rather than distracting from the timing task.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bangert, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurby, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zacks, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/246975</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The influence of everyday events on prospective timing "in the moment"]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/250944v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Atomic force microscopy of phase separation on ruptured, giant unilamellar vesicles 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/250944v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) and supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) are synthetic model systems widely used in biophysical studies of lipid membranes. Phase separation behaviors of lipid species in these two model systems differ due to the lipid-substrate interactions that are present only for SLBs. Therefore, GUVs are believed to resemble natural cell membranes more closely, and a very large body of literature focuses on applying nano-characterization techniques to quantify phase separation on GUVs. However, one important technique, atomic force microscopy (AFM), has not yet been used successfully to study phase separation on GUVs. In the present study, we report that in binary systems, certain phase domains on GUVs retain their original shapes and patterns after the GUVs rupture on glass surfaces. This enabled AFM experiments on phase domains from binary GUVs containing 1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DLPC) and either 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) or 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC). These DLPC/DSPC and DLPC/DPPC GUVs both presented two different gel phases, one of which (bright phase) included a relatively high concentration of DiI-C20 but excluded Bodipy-HPC, and the other of which (dark phase) excluded both probes. The bright phases are of interest because they seem to stabilize dark phases against coalescence. Results suggested that the gel phases labeled by DiI-C20 in the DLPC/DSPC membrane, which surround the dark gel phase, is an extra layer of membrane, indicating a highly curved structure that might stabilize the interior dark domains. This phenomenon was not found in the DLPC/DPPC membrane. These results show the utility of AFM on collapsed GUVs, and suggest a possible mechanism for stabilization of lipid domains.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genin, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pryse, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elson, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/250944</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Atomic force microscopy of phase separation on ruptured, giant unilamellar vesicles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/251926v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A constraint-based model reveals hysteresis in island biogeography 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/251926v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AimWe present a Constraint-based Model of Dynamic Island Biogeography (C-DIB) that predicts how species functional traits interact with dynamic environments to determine the candidate species available for local community assembly on real and habitat islands through time.nnLocationReal and habitat islands globally.nnMethodsWe develop the C-DIB model concept, synthesize the relevant literature, and present a toolkit for evaluating model predictions for a wide variety of "island" systems and taxa.nnResultsThe C-DIB model reveals that as islands cycle between phases of increasing or decreasing size and connectivity to a source pool, the dominant process driving species presence or absence switches between colonization and extinction. Both processes are mediated by interactions between organismal traits and environmental constraints. Colonization probability is predicted by a species ability to cross the intervening matrix between a population source and the island; population persistence (or extinction) is predicted by the minimum spatial requirements to sustain an isolated population. The non-random distributions of mammals on islands of the Sunda Shelf and Great Basin "sky islands" provide example study systems for evaluating the C-DIB model.nnMain conclusionsBecause different suites of traits impose constraints on the processes of colonization and extinction, similar environmental conditions can host different candidate species despite the same predicted richness. Thus, the model exemplifies the specific yet underappreciated role of hysteresis -the dependency of outcomes not only on the current system state -but also the historical contingency of environmental change in affecting populations and communities in insular systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Burger, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balk, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fristoe, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/251926</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A constraint-based model reveals hysteresis in island biogeography]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/255620v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lost in Space: The Impact of Traditional Neuroimaging Methods on the Spatial Localization of Cortical Areas 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/255620v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Localizing human brain functions is a long-standing goal in systems neuroscience. Towards this goal, neuroimaging studies have traditionally used volume-based smoothing, registered data to volume-based standard spaces, and reported results relative to volume-based parcellations. A novel 360-area surface-based cortical parcellation was recently generated using multimodal data from the Human Connectome Project (HCP), and a volume-based version of this parcellation has frequently been requested for use with traditional volume-based analyses. However, given the major methodological differences between traditional volumetric and HCP-style processing, the utility and interpretability of such an altered parcellation must first be established. By starting from automatically generated individual-subject parcellations and processing them with different methodological approaches, we show that traditional processing steps, especially volume-based smoothing and registration, substantially degrade cortical area localization when compared to surface-based approaches. We also show that surface-based registration using features closely tied to cortical areas, rather than to folding patterns alone, improves the alignment of areas, and that the benefits of high resolution acquisitions are largely unexploited by traditional volume-based methods. Quantitatively, we show that the most common version of the traditional approach has spatial localization that is only 35% as good as the best surface-based method as assessed with two objective measures (peak areal probabilities and  captured area fraction for maximum probability maps). Finally, we demonstrate that substantial challenges exist when attempting to accurately represent volume-based group analysis results on the surface, which has important implications for the interpretability of studies, both past and future, that use these volume-based methods.nnSignificance StatementMost human brain imaging studies have traditionally used low-resolution images, inaccurate methods of cross-subject alignment, and extensive blurring. Recently, a high-resolution approach with more accurate alignment and minimized blurring was used by the Human Connectome Project to generate a multi-modal map of human cortical areas in hundreds of individuals. Starting from this data, we systematically compared these two approaches, showing that the traditional approach is nearly three times worse than the HCPs improved approach in two objective measures of spatial localization of cortical areas. Further, we demonstrate considerable challenges in comparing data across the two approaches, and, as a result, argue that there is an urgent need for the field to adopt more accurate methods of data acquisition and analysis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Coalson, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Essen, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glasser, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/255620</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lost in Space: The Impact of Traditional Neuroimaging Methods on the Spatial Localization of Cortical Areas]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/257311v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Trans-ancestral GWAS of alcohol dependence reveals common genetic underpinnings with psychiatric disorders 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/257311v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Liability to alcohol dependence (AD) is heritable, but little is known about its complex polygenic architecture or its genetic relationship with other disorders. To discover loci associated with AD and characterize the relationship between AD and other psychiatric and behavioral outcomes, we carried out the largest GWAS to date of DSM - IV diagnosed AD. Genome - wide data on 14,904 individuals with AD and 37,944 controls from 28 case / control and family - based studies were meta - analyzed, stratified by genetic ancestry (European, N = 46,568; African; N = 6,280). Independent, genome - wide significant effects of different ADH1B variants were identified in European (rs1229984; p = 9.8E - 13) and African ancestries (rs2066702; p = 2.2E - 9). Significant genetic correlations were observed with schizophrenia, ADHD, depression, and use of cigarettes and cannabis. There was only modest genetic correlation with alcohol consumption and inconsistent associations with problem drinking. The genetic underpinnings of AD only partially overlap with those for alcohol consumption, underscoring the genetic distinction between pathological and non - pathological drinking behaviors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Walters, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adkins, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aliev, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bacanu, S.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batzler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertelsen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biernacka, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bigdeli, T. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clarke, T.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chou, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Degenhardt, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Docherty, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fontanillas, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fox, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frank, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giegling, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hack, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>-,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartz, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heilmann-Heimbach, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herms, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodgkinson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffmann, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hottenga, J.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alanne-Kinnunen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Konte, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lahti, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lahti-Pulkkinen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ligthart, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loukola, A.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maher, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mbarek, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McIntosh, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McQueen, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milaneschi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palviainen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pearson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/257311</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Trans-ancestral GWAS of alcohol dependence reveals common genetic underpinnings with psychiatric disorders]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/265108v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Motif Scraper: A cross-platform, open-source tool for identifying degenerate nucleotide motif matches in FASTA files 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/265108v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryMany genomic features are defined not by exact sequence matches, but by degenerate nucleotide motifs that represent multiple compatible matches. While there are databases cataloging genomic features, such as the location of transcription factor motifs, for commonly used model species, identifying the locations of novel motifs, known motifs in non-model genomes, or known motifs in personal whole-genomes is difficult. I designed motif scraper to overcome this limitation, allowing for efficient, multiprocessor motif searches in any FASTA file.nnAvailability and implementationThe motif scraper package is available via PyPI, and the Python source is available on GitHub at https://github.com/RobersonLab/motif_scraper.nnContact: eroberson@wustl.edu
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roberson, E. D. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/265108</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Motif Scraper: A cross-platform, open-source tool for identifying degenerate nucleotide motif matches in FASTA files]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/270751v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hedgehog signaling controls progenitor differentiation timing during heart development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/270751v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Heterochrony, defined as differences in the timing of developmental processes, impacts organ development, homeostasis, and regeneration. The molecular basis of heterochrony in mammalian tissues is poorly understood. We report that Hedgehog signaling activates a heterochronic pathway that controls differentiation timing in multiple lineages. A differentiation trajectory from second heart field cardiac progenitors to first heart field cardiomyocytes was identified by single-cell transcriptional profiling in mouse embryos. A survey of developmental signaling pathways revealed specific enrichment for Hedgehog signaling targets in cardiac progenitors. Removal of Hh signaling caused loss of progenitor and precocious cardiomyocyte differentiation gene expression in the second heart field in vivo. Introduction of active Hh signaling to mESC-derived progenitors, modelled by transient expression of the Hh-dependent transcription factor GLI1, delayed differentiation in cardiac and neural lineages in vitro. A shared GLI1-dependent network in both cardiac and neural progenitors was enriched with FOX family transcription factors. FOXF1, a GLI1 target, was sufficient to delay onset of the cardiomyocyte differentiation program in progenitors, by epigenetic repression of cardiomyocyte-specific enhancers. Removal of active Hh signaling or Foxf1 expression from second heart field progenitors caused precocious cardiac differentiation in vivo, establishing a mechanism for resultant Congenital Heart Disease. Together, these studies suggest that Hedgehog signaling directly activates a gene regulatory network that functions as a heterochronic switch to control differentiation timing across developmental lineages.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rowton, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffmann, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steimle, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guzzetta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazarevic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobs-Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez-Cervantes, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, S. S.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ikegami, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garry, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kyba, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moskowitz, I. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/270751</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hedgehog signaling controls progenitor differentiation timing during heart development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/275180v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Structural Basis of IKs Ion-Channel Activation: Mechanistic Insights from Molecular Simulations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/275180v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Relating ion-channel (iCh) structural dynamics to physiological function remains a challenge. Current experimental and computational techniques have limited ability to explore this relationship in atomistic detail over physiological timescales. A framework associating iCh structure to function is necessary for elucidating normal and disease mechanisms. We formulated a modeling schema that overcomes the limitations of current methods through applications of Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning (ML). Using this approach, we studied molecular processes that underlie human IKs voltage mediated gating. IKs malfunction underlies many debilitating and life-threatening diseases. Molecular components of IKs that underlie its electrophysiological function include KCNQ1 (pore forming tetramer) and KCNE1 (auxiliary subunit). Simulations, using the IKs structure-function model, reproduced experimentally recorded saturation of gating charge displacement at positive membrane voltages, two-step voltage sensor (VS) movement shown by fluorescence, iCh gating statistics, and current-voltage (I-V) relationship. New mechanistic insights include - (1) pore energy profile determines iCh subconductance (SC), (2) entire protein structure, not limited to the pore, contributes to pore energy and channel SC, (3) interactions with KCNE1 result in two distinct VS movements, causing gating charge saturation at positive membrane voltages and current activation delay, and (4) flexible coupling between VS and pore permits pore opening at lower VS positions, resulting in sequential gating. The new modeling approach is applicable to atomistic scale studies of other proteins on timescales of physiological function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ramasubramanian, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rudy, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/275180</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Structural Basis of IKs Ion-Channel Activation: Mechanistic Insights from Molecular Simulations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/276212v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Measuring NDC80 binding reveals the molecular basis of tension-dependent kinetochore-microtubule attachments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/276212v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Proper kinetochore-microtubule attachments, mediated by the NDC80 complex, are required for error-free chromosome segregation. Erroneous attachments are corrected by the tension dependence of kinetochore-microtubule interactions. Here, we present a method, based on fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy and Forster resonance energy transfer, to quantitatively measure the fraction of NDC80 complexes bound to microtubules at individual kinetochores in living human cells. We found that NDC80 binding is modulated in a chromosome autonomous fashion over prometaphase and metaphase, and is predominantly regulated by centromere tension. We show that this tension dependency requires phosphorylation of the N-terminal tail of Hec1, a component of the NDC80 complex, and the proper localization of Aurora B kinase, which modulates NDC80 binding. Our results lead to a mathematical model of the molecular basis of tension-dependent NDC80 binding to kinetochore microtubules in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yoo, T. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Needleman, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/276212</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Measuring NDC80 binding reveals the molecular basis of tension-dependent kinetochore-microtubule attachments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/281071v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Encoding the expectation of a sensory stimulus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/281071v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most organisms possess an ability to differentiate unexpected or surprising sensory stimuli from those that are repeatedly encountered. How is this sensory computation performed? We examined this issue in the locust olfactory system. We found that odor-evoked responses in the antennal lobe (downstream to sensory neurons) systematically reduced upon repeated encounters of a temporally discontinuous stimulus. Rather than confounding information about stimulus identity and intensity, neural representations were optimized to encode equivalent stimulus-specific information with fewer spikes. Further, spontaneous activity of the antennal lobe network also changed systematically and became negatively correlated with the response elicited by the repetitive stimulus (i.e.  a negative image). Notably, while response to the repetitive stimulus reduced, exposure to an unexpected/deviant cue generated undamped and even exaggerated spiking responses in several neurons. In sum, our results reveal how expectation regarding a stimulus is encoded in a neural circuit to allow response optimization and preferential filtering.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saha, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/281071</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Encoding the expectation of a sensory stimulus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/284273v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transdiagnostic multimodal neuroimaging in psychosis: structural, resting-state, and task MRI correlates of cognitive control 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/284273v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundPsychotic disorders, including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, are associated with impairments in regulation of goal-directed behavior, termed cognitive control. Cognitive control related neural alterations have been studied in psychosis. However, studies are typically unimodal and relationships across modalities of brain function and structure remain unclear. Thus, we performed transdiagnostic multimodal analyses to examine cognitive control related neural variation in psychosis.nnMethodsStructural, resting, and working memory task imaging and behavioral data for 31 controls, 27 bipolar, and 23 schizophrenia patients were collected and processed identically to the Human Connectome Project (HCP), enabling identification of relationships with prior multimodal work. Two cognitive control related independent components (ICs) derived from the HCP using multiset canonical correlation analysis + joint independent component analysis (mCCA+jICA) were used to predict performance in psychosis. de novo mCCA+jICA was performed, and resultant IC weights were correlated with cognitive control.nnResultsA priori ICs significantly predicted cognitive control in psychosis (3/5 modalities significant). De novo mCCA+jICA identified an IC correlated with cognitive control that also discriminated groups. Structural contributions included insular, somatomotor, cingulate, and visual regions; task contributions included precentral, posterior parietal, cingulate, and visual regions; and resting-state contributions highlighted canonical network organization. Follow-up analyses suggested de novo correlations with cognitive control were primarily influenced by schizophrenia patients.nnConclusionsA priori components partially predicted performance in transdiagnostic psychosis and de novo analyses identified novel contributions in somatomotor and visual regions in schizophrenia. Together, results suggest joint contributions across modalities related to cognitive control across the healthy-to-psychosis spectrum.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lerman-Sinkoff, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kandala, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calhoun, V. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barch, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mamah, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/284273</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transdiagnostic multimodal neuroimaging in psychosis: structural, resting-state, and task MRI correlates of cognitive control]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/288605v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modeling semantic encoding in a common neural representational space 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/288605v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Encoding models for mapping voxelwise semantic tuning are typically estimated separately for each individual, limiting their generalizability. In the current report, we develop a method for estimating semantic encoding models that generalize across individuals. Functional MRI was used to measure brain responses while participants freely viewed a naturalistic audiovisual movie. Word embeddings capturing agent-, action-, object-, and scene-related semantic content were assigned to each imaging volume based on an annotation of the film. We constructed both conventional within-subject semantic encoding models and between-subject models where the model was trained on a subset of participants and validated on a left-out participant. Between-subject models were trained using cortical surface-based anatomical normalization or surface-based whole-cortex hyperalignment. We used hyperalignment to project group data into an individuals unique anatomical space via a common representational space, thus leveraging a larger volume of data for out-of-sample prediction while preserving the individuals fine-grained functional-anatomical idiosyncrasies. Our findings demonstrate that anatomical normalization degrades the spatial specificity of between-subject encoding models relative to within-subject models. Hyperalignment, on the other hand, recovers the spatial specificity of semantic tuning lost during anatomical normalization, and yields model performance exceeding that of within-subject models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Van Uden, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nastase, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Connolly, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feilong, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gobbini, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haxby, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/288605</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modeling semantic encoding in a common neural representational space]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/291955v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Circadian clock neurons mediate time-of-day dependent responses to light 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/291955v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Circadian (~24 h) rhythms influence nearly all aspects of physiology, including sleep/wake, metabolism, and hormone release. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) synchronizes these daily rhythms to the external light cycle, but the mechanisms by which this occurs is unclear. The neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is the predominant contributor to synchrony within the SCN and is important for circadian light responses, but the role of VIP neurons themselves is unclear. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that rhythmic SCN VIP neurons mediate circadian light responses. Using in vivo fiber photometry recording of SCN VIP neurons we found daily rhythms in spontaneous calcium events that peaked during the subjective day and in light-evoked calcium events that exhibited the greatest response around subjective dusk. These rhythms were correlated with spontaneous and NMDA-evoked VIP release from SCN VIP neurons in vitro. Finally, in vivo hyperpolarization of VIP neurons attenuated light-induced shifts of daily rhythms in locomotion. We conclude that SCN VIP neurons are circadian and depolarize to light to modulate entrainment of daily rhythms in the SCN and behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jones, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simon, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lones, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herzog, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/291955</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Circadian clock neurons mediate time-of-day dependent responses to light]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/292581v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Genomic Formation of South and Central Asia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/292581v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The genetic formation of Central and South Asian populations has been unclear because of an absence of ancient DNA. To address this gap, we generated genome-wide data from 362 ancient individuals, including the first from eastern Iran, Turan (Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan), Bronze Age Kazakhstan, and South Asia. Our data reveal a complex set of genetic sources that ultimately combined to form the ancestry of South Asians today. We document a southward spread of genetic ancestry from the Eurasian Steppe, correlating with the archaeologically known expansion of pastoralist sites from the Steppe to Turan in the Middle Bronze Age (2300-1500 BCE). These Steppe communities mixed genetically with peoples of the Bactria Margiana Archaeological Complex (BMAC) whom they encountered in Turan (primarily descendants of earlier agriculturalists of Iran), but there is no evidence that the main BMAC population contributed genetically to later South Asians. Instead, Steppe communities integrated farther south throughout the 2nd millennium BCE, and we show that they mixed with a more southern population that we document at multiple sites as outlier individuals exhibiting a distinctive mixture of ancestry related to Iranian agriculturalists and South Asian hunter-gathers. We call this group Indus Periphery because they were found at sites in cultural contact with the Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) and along its northern fringe, and also because they were genetically similar to post-IVC groups in the Swat Valley of Pakistan. By co-analyzing ancient DNA and genomic data from diverse present-day South Asians, we show that Indus Periphery-related people are the single most important source of ancestry in South Asia--consistent with the idea that the Indus Periphery individuals are providing us with the first direct look at the ancestry of peoples of the IVC--and we develop a model for the formation of present-day South Asians in terms of the temporally and geographically proximate sources of Indus Periphery-related, Steppe, and local South Asian hunter-gatherer-related ancestry. Our results show how ancestry from the Steppe genetically linked Europe and South Asia in the Bronze Age, and identifies the populations that almost certainly were responsible for spreading Indo-European languages across much of Eurasia.nnOne Sentence SummaryGenome wide ancient DNA from 357 individuals from Central and South Asia sheds new light on the spread of Indo-European languages and parallels between the genetic history of two sub-continents, Europe and South Asia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Narasimhan, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patterson, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moorjani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazaridis, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mark, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mallick, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rohland, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernardos, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakatsuka, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olalde, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coppa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mallory, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moiseyev, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monge, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olivieri, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adamski, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Broomandkhoshbacht, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Candilio, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheronet, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Culleton, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferry, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gamarra, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaudio, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hajdinjak, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harney, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harper, T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keating, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawson, A.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novak, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oppenheimer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rai, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sirak, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slon, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewardson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akhatov, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagashev, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baitanayev, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonora, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chikisheva, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/292581</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Genomic Formation of South and Central Asia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/292938v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Natural selection on gene-specific codon usage bias is common across eukaryotes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/292938v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although the actual molecular evolutionary forces that shape differences in codon usage across species remain poorly understood, majority of synonymous mutations are assumed to be functionally neutral because they do not affect protein sequences. However, empirical studies suggest that some synonymous mutations can have phenotypic consequences. Here we show that in contrast to the current dogma, natural selection on gene-specific codon usage bias is common across Eukaryota. Furthermore, by using bioinformatic and experimental approaches, we demonstrate that specific combinations of rare codons contribute to the spatial and sex-related regulation of some protein-coding genes in Drosophila melanogaster. Together, these data indicate that natural selection can shape gene-specific codon usage bias, which therefore, represents an overlooked genomic feature that is likely to play an important role in the spatial and temporal regulation of gene functions. Hence, the broadly accepted dogma that synonymous mutations are in general functionally neutral should be reconsidered.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Peng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaher, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben-Shahar, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/292938</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Natural selection on gene-specific codon usage bias is common across eukaryotes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/293670v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Minimizing Structural Bias in Single-Molecule Super-Resolution Microscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/293670v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) depends on sequential detection and localization of individual molecular blinking events. Due to the stochasticity of single-molecule blinking and the desire to improve SMLMs temporal resolution, algorithms capable of analyzing frames with a high density (HD) of active molecules, or molecules whose images overlap, are a prerequisite for accurate location measurements. Thus far, HD algorithms are evaluated using scalar metrics, such as root-mean-square error, that fail to quantify the structure of errors caused by the structure of the sample. Here, we show that the spatial distribution of localization errors within super-resolved images of biological structures are vectorial in nature, leading to systematic structural biases that severely degrade image resolution. We further demonstrate that the shape of the microscopes point-spread function (PSF) fundamentally affects the characteristics of imaging artifacts. We built a Robust Statistical Estimation algorithm (RoSE) to minimize these biases for arbitrary structures and PSFs. RoSE accomplishes this minimization by estimating the likelihood of blinking events to localize molecules more accurately and eliminate false localizations. Using RoSE, we measure the distance between crossing microtubules, quantify the morphology of and separation between vesicles, and obtain robust recovery using diverse 3D PSFs with unmatched accuracy compared to state-of-the-art algorithms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mazidi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nehorai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lew, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/293670</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Minimizing Structural Bias in Single-Molecule Super-Resolution Microscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/299313v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular determinants of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli heat-stable toxin secretion and delivery 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/299313v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), a heterogeneous diarrheal pathovar defined by production of heat-labile (LT) and/or heat-stable (ST) toxins, remain major causes of mortality among children in developing regions, and cause substantial morbidity in individuals living in or traveling to endemic areas. Studies demonstrating a major burden of ST-producing ETEC have focused interest on ST toxoids for ETEC vaccines. We therefore examined fundamental aspects of ETEC ST biology using ETEC H10407, which carries estH and estP genes encoding ST-H and ST-P, respectively, in addition to eltAB genes responsible for LT. In this background, we found that deletion of estH significantly diminished cGMP activation in target epithelia, while deletion of estP had a surprisingly modest impact, and a dual estH/estP mutant was not appreciably different than the estH mutant. Nevertheless, either ST-H or ST-P recombinant peptides stimulated cGMP production. We also found that the TolC efflux protein was essential for both toxin secretion and delivery, providing a potential avenue for efflux inhibitors in treatment of acute diarrheal illness. In addition, we demonstrated that the EtpA adhesin is required for optimal delivery of ST and that antibodies against either the adhesin or ST-H significantly impaired toxin delivery and cGMP activation in target T84 cells. Finally, we used FLAG epitope fusions to demonstrate that the ST-H pro-peptide sequence is secreted by the bacteria, potentially providing additional targets for antibody neutralization. These studies collectively extend our understanding of ETEC pathogenesis and potentially inform additional avenues to mitigate disease by these common diarrheal pathogens.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westra, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vickers, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleckenstein, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/299313</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular determinants of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli heat-stable toxin secretion and delivery]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/301622v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolved sequence features within the intrinsically disordered tail influence FtsZ assembly and bacterial cell division 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/301622v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) challenge the well-established sequence-structure-function paradigm for describing protein function and evolution. Here, we direct a combination of biophysical and cellular studies to further our understanding of how the intrinsically disordered C-terminal tail of FtsZ contributes to cell division in rod-shaped bacteria. FtsZ is a modular protein that encompasses a conserved GTPase domain and a highly variable intrinsically disordered C-terminal tail (CTT). The CTT is essential for forming the cytokinetic Z-ring. Despite poor sequence conservation of the CTT, the patterning of oppositely charged residues, which refers to the extent of linear mixing / segregation of oppositely charged residues within CTT sequences is bounded within a narrow range. To assess the impact of evolutionary bounds on charge patterning within CTT sequences we performed experiments, aided by sequence design, to quantify the impact of changing the patterning of oppositely charged residues within the CTT on the functions of FtsZ from B. subtilis. Z-ring formation is robust if and only if the extent of linear mixing / segregation of oppositely charged residues within the CTT sequences is within evolutionarily observed bounds. Otherwise, aberrant, CTT-mediated, FtsZ assemblies impair Z-ring formation. The complexities of CTT sequences also have to be above a threshold value because FtsZ variants with low complexity CTTs are not tolerated in cells. Taken together, our results suggest that CTT sequences have evolved to be "just right" and that this is achieved through an optimal extent of charge patterning while maintaining the sequence complexity above a threshold value.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cohan, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Posey, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grigsby, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mittal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buske, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levin, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/301622</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolved sequence features within the intrinsically disordered tail influence FtsZ assembly and bacterial cell division]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/303164v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetics of brain age suggest an overlap with common brain disorders 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/303164v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Numerous genetic and environmental factors contribute to psychiatric disorders and other brain disorders. Common risk factors likely converge on biological pathways regulating the optimization of brain structure and function across the lifespan. Here, using structural magnetic resonance imaging and machine learning, we estimated the gap between brain age and chronological age in 36,891 individuals aged 3 to 96 years, including individuals with different brain disorders. We show that several disorders are associated with accentuated brain aging, with strongest effects in schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis and dementia, and document differential regional patterns of brain age gaps between disorders. In 16,269 healthy adult individuals, we show that brain age gap is heritable with a polygenic architecture overlapping those observed in common brain disorders. Our results identify brain age gap as a genetically modulated trait that offers a window into shared and distinct mechanisms in different brain disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kaufmann, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Meer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doan, N. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwarz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lund, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agartz, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alnaes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barch, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baur-Streubel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertolino, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bettella, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beyer, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borgwardt, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandt, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buitelaar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Celius, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cervenka, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conzelmann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cordova-Palomera, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Quervain, D. J.- F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Carlo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Djurovic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorum, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eisenacher, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elvsashagen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Espeseth, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fatouros-Bergman, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flyckt, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franke, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frei, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haatveit, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haberg, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harbo, H. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartman, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heslenfeld, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoekstra, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hogestol, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jernigan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jo</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/303164</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetics of brain age suggest an overlap with common brain disorders]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/303453v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Coupled Network of Growth Transform Neurons for Spike-Encoded Auditory Feature Extraction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/303453v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This paper builds upon our previously reported growth transform based optimization framework to present a novel spiking neuron model and demonstrate its application for spike-based auditory signal processing. Unlike conventional neuromorphic approaches, the proposed Growth Transform (GT) neuron model is tightly coupled to a system objective function, which results in network dynamics that are always stable and interpretable; and the process of spike generation and population dynamics is the result of minimizing an energy functional. We then extend the model to include axonal propagation delays in a manner that the optimized solution of the system or network objective function remains unaffected. The paper characterizes the model for different types of stimuli, and explores how changing different aspects of the cost function can reproduce known single neuron dynamics. We then investigate the properties of a coupled GT neural network that can generate spike-encoded auditory features corresponding to the output of a gammatone filterbank. We show that the discriminatory information is not only encoded in the traditional spike-rates and interspike-interval statistics, but is also encoded in the subthreshold response of GT neurons for inputs that are not strong enough to elicit spikes. We also demonstrate that while different forms of coupling between the neurons could produce compact and energy-efficient representation of the auditory features, the classification performance for a speaker recognition task remains invariant across different types of coupling. Thus, we believe that the proposed GT neuron model provides a flexible neuromorphic framework to systematically design large-scale spiking neural networks with stable and interpretable dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gangopadhyay, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aono, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehta, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakrabartty, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/303453</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Coupled Network of Growth Transform Neurons for Spike-Encoded Auditory Feature Extraction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/304352v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Endosymbiotic adaptations in three new bacterial species associated with Dictyostelium discoideum: Burkholderia agricolaris sp. nov., Burkholderia hayleyella sp. nov., and Burkholderia bonniea sp. nov. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/304352v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Here we name three species of Burkholderia that can defeat the mechanisms by which bacteria are normally excluded from the spores of a soil dwelling eukaryote Dictyostelium discoideum, which is predatory on bacteria. They are B. agricolaris sp. nov., B. hayleyella sp. nov., and B. bonniea sp. nov. These new species are widespread across the eastern USA and were isolated as internal symbionts of wild collected D. discoideum. Evidence that they are each a distinct new species comes from their phylogenetic position, carbon usage, reduced cell length, cooler optimal growth temperature, and ability to invade D. discoideum amoebae and remain there for generations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brock, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hubert, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiSalvo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geist, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haselkorn, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Queller, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strassmann, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/304352</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Endosymbiotic adaptations in three new bacterial species associated with Dictyostelium discoideum: Burkholderia agricolaris sp. nov., Burkholderia hayleyella sp. nov., and Burkholderia bonniea sp. nov.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/306647v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Simulation of spontaneous G protein activation reveals a new intermediate driving GDP unbinding 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/306647v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Activation of heterotrimeric G proteins is a key step in many signaling cascades. However, a complete mechanism for this process, which requires allosteric communication between binding sites that are ~30 [A] apart, remains elusive. We construct an atomically-detailed model of G protein activation by combining three powerful computational methods; metadynamics, Markov state models (MSMs), and CARDS analysis of correlated motions. We uncover a mechanism that is consistent with a wide variety of structural and biochemical data. Surprisingly, the rate-limiting step for GDP release correlates with tilting rather than translation of the GPCR-binding helix 5. {beta}-Strands 1-3 and helix 1 emerge as hubs in the allosteric network that links conformational changes in the GPCR-binding site to disordering of the distal nucleotide-binding site and consequent GDP release. Our approach and insights provide foundations for understanding disease-implicated G protein mutants, illuminating slow events in allosteric networks, and examining unbinding processes with slow off-rates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blumer, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/306647</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Simulation of spontaneous G protein activation reveals a new intermediate driving GDP unbinding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/308247v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The HCP 7T Retinotopy Dataset 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/308247v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
About a quarter of human cerebral cortex is dedicated mainly to visual processing. The large-scale organization of visual cortex can be measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while subjects view spatially modulated visual stimuli, also known as  retinotopic mapping. One of the datasets collected by the Human Connectome Project (HCP) involved ultra-high-field (7 Tesla) fMRI retinotopic mapping in 181 healthy young adults (1.6-mm resolution), yielding the largest freely available collection of retinotopy data. Here, we describe the experimental paradigm and the results of model-based analysis of the fMRI data. These results provide estimates of population receptive field position and size. Our analyses include both results from individual subjects as well as results obtained by averaging fMRI time-series across subjects at each cortical and subcortical location and then fitting models. Both the group-average and individual-subject results reveal robust signals across much of the brain, including occipital, temporal, parietal, and frontal cortex as well as subcortical areas. The group-average results agree well with previously published parcellations of visual areas. In addition, split-half analyses show strong within-subject reliability, further demonstrating the high quality of the data. We make publicly available the analysis results for individual subjects and the group average, as well as associated stimuli and analysis code. These resources provide an opportunity for studying fine-scale individual variability in cortical and subcortical organization and the properties of high-resolution fMRI. In addition, they provide a set of observations that can be compared with other HCP measures acquired in these same participants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Benson, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jamison, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arcaro, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glasser, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coalson, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Essen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yacoub, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ugurbil, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winawer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kay, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/308247</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The HCP 7T Retinotopy Dataset]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/318212v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic basis of variation in heat and ethanol tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/318212v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Saccharomyces cerevisiae has the capability of fermenting sugar to produce concentrations of ethanol that are toxic to most organisms. Other Saccharomyces species also have a strong fermentative capacity, but some are specialized to low temperatures, whereas S. cerevisiae is the most thermotolerant. Although S. cerevisiae has been extensively used to study the genetic basis of ethanol tolerance, much less is known about temperature dependent ethanol tolerance. In this study, we examined the genetic basis of ethanol tolerance at high temperature among strains of S. cerevisiae. We identified two amino acid polymorphisms in SEC24 that cause strong sensitivity to ethanol at high temperature and more limited sensitivity to temperature in the absence of ethanol. We also identified a single amino acid polymorphism in PSD1 that causes sensitivity to high temperature in a strain dependent fashion. The genes we identified provide further insight into genetic variation in ethanol and temperature tolerance and the interdependent nature of these two traits in S. cerevisiae.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Riles, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fay, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/318212</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic basis of variation in heat and ethanol tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/318808v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrative analysis of 5-methyl- and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine indicates a role for 5-hydroxymethylcytosine as a repressive epigenetic mark 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/318808v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Since the discovery of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) as a prominent DNA base modification found in mammalian genomes, an emergent question has been what role this mark plays in gene regulation. 5hmC is hypothesized to function as an intermediate in the demethylation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and also in reactivation of silenced regulatory elements, including promoters and enhancers. Further, weak positive correlations have been observed between gene body 5hmC and gene expression. We previously demonstrated that ME-Class, which uses a high-resolution model of whole-genome bisulfite sequencing data, is an effective tool to understand relationships between 5mC and expression. In this work, we present ME-Class2, a machine-learning based tool to perform integrative 5mCG, 5hmCG and expression analysis. Using ME-Class2 we analyze whole-genome single-base resolution 5mC and 5hmC datasets from 20 primary tissue and cell samples to uncover relationships between 5hmC and expression. The addition of 5hmC improves model performance for tissues with high-levels of 5hmC such as the brain. Our analysis further indicates that conversion of 5mC to 5hmC within 2kb of the transcription start site associates with distinct functions depending on the summed level of 5mC + 5hmC. Unchanged levels of 5mC + 5hmC (i.e. conversion from 5mC to stable 5hmC) associate with repression. Meanwhile, decreases in 5mC + 5hmC (i.e. 5hmC-mediated demethylation) associate with gene activation. As more large-scale, genome-wide, differential DNA methylation studies become available, tools such as ME-Class2 will prove invaluable to interpret epigenomic data and guide mechanistic studies into the function of 5hmC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schlosberg, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/318808</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrative analysis of 5-methyl- and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine indicates a role for 5-hydroxymethylcytosine as a repressive epigenetic mark]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/322339v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Entrainment of circadian rhythms depends on firing rates and neuropeptide release of VIP SCN neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/322339v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mammalian suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) functions as a master circadian pacemaker, integrating environmental input to align physiological and behavioral rhythms to local time cues. Approximately 10% of SCN neurons express vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP); however, it is unknown how firing activity of VIP neurons releases VIP to entrain circadian rhythms. To identify physiologically relevant firing patterns, we optically tagged VIP neurons and characterized spontaneous firing over three days. VIP neurons had circadian rhythms in firing rate and exhibited two classes of instantaneous firing activity. We next tested whether physiologically relevant firing affected circadian rhythms through VIP release. We found that VIP neuron stimulation with high, but not low, frequencies shifted gene expression rhythms in vitro through VIP signaling. In vivo, high frequency VIP neuron activation rapidly entrained circadian locomotor rhythms. Thus, increases in VIP neuronal firing frequency release VIP and entrain molecular and behavioral circadian rhythms.nnHighlightsO_LIMazuski et al. identified three classes of circadian SCN neurons based on their distinct firing patterns consistent over multiple daysnC_LIO_LIThere are two distinct classes (tonic and irregular firing) of VIP SCN neurons.nC_LIO_LIStimulation of VIP SCN neurons at physiologically relevant frequencies phase shifts whole-SCN circadian rhythms in gene expression through VIP release. These effects are blocked with VIP antagonists.nC_LIO_LIFiring of VIP SCN neurons entrains circadian rhythms in locomotor behavior in a frequency and time-of-day dependent manner.nC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mazuski, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abel, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hermanstyne, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simon, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doyle, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herzog, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/322339</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Entrainment of circadian rhythms depends on firing rates and neuropeptide release of VIP SCN neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/323568v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exposons exploit cooperative changes in solvent exposure to detect cryptic allosteric sites and other functionally-relevant conformational transitions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/323568v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Proteins are dynamic molecules that undergo conformational changes to a broad spectrum of different excited states. Unfortunately, the small populations of these states make it difficult to determine their structures or functional implications. Computer simulations are an increasingly powerful means to identify and characterize functionally-relevant excited states. However, this advance has uncovered a further challenge: it can be extremely difficult to identify the most salient features of large simulation datasets. We reasoned that many functionally-relevant conformational changes are likely to involve large, cooperative changes to the surfaces that are available to interact with potential binding partners. To examine this hypothesis, we introduce a method that returns a prioritized list of potentially functional conformational changes by segmenting protein structures into clusters of residues that undergo cooperative changes in their solvent exposure, along with the hierarchy of interactions between these groups. We term these groups exposons to distinguish them from other types of clusters that arise in this analysis and others. We demonstrate, using three different model systems, that this method identifies experimentally-validated and functionally-relevant conformational changes, including conformational switches, allosteric coupling, and cryptic pockets. Our results suggest that key functional sites are hubs in the network of exposons. As a further test of the predictive power of this approach, we apply it to discover cryptic allosteric sites in two different {beta}-lactamase enzymes that are widespread sources of antibiotic resistance. Experimental tests confirm our predictions for both systems. Importantly, we provide the first evidence for a cryptic allosteric site in CTX-M-9 {beta}-lactamase. Experimentally testing this prediction did not require any mutations, and revealed that this site exerts the most potent allosteric control over activity of any pockets found in {beta}-lactamases to date. Discovery of a similar pocket that was previously overlooked in the well-studied TEM-1 {beta}-lactamase demonstrates the utility of exposons.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Porter, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moeder, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sibbald, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmerman, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hart, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenberg, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/323568</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exposons exploit cooperative changes in solvent exposure to detect cryptic allosteric sites and other functionally-relevant conformational transitions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/325043v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tau monomer encodes strains 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/325043v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tauopathies have diverse presentation, progression, and neuropathology. They are linked to tau prion strains, self-replicating assemblies of unique quaternary conformation. Strains can be propagated indefinitely in cultured cells, and induce unique patterns of transmissible neuropathology upon inoculation into mice. Aggregates from a single strain reproduce only that strain upon re-inoculation into cells or mice. DS9 and DS10 cell lines propagate distinct synthetic strains. Surprisingly, DS9 monomer inoculated into naive cells encoded an identical "sub-strain," whereas DS10 monomer encoded multiple sub-strains. Sub-strains produced distinct pathology upon inoculation into a tauopathy mouse model (PS19). Brain-derived tau monomer from an Alzheimers brain encoded a single strain. Monomer from a corticobasal degeneration brain encoded three sub-strains in which monomer from each encoded all three upon re-inoculation into cells. Tau monomer thus adopts multiple, stable seed-competent conformations, each of which encodes a limited number of strains. This provides insights into the origins of distinct tauopathies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sharma, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodard, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kashmer, O. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamond, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/325043</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tau monomer encodes strains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/332650v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Low fidelity assembly of influenza A virus promotes escape from host cells 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/332650v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Influenza viruses inhabit a wide range of host environments using a limited repertoire of protein components. Unlike viruses with stereotyped shapes, influenza produces virions with significant morphological variability even within clonal populations. Whether this tendency to form pleiomorphic virions is coupled to compositional heterogeneity and whether it affects replicative fitness remains unclear. Here we address these questions by developing live strains of influenza A virus amenable to rapid compositional characterization through quantitative, site-specific labeling of viral proteins. Using these strains, we find that influenza A produces virions with broad variations in size and composition from even single infected cells. The virus leverages this phenotypic variability to survive environmental challenges including temperature changes and anti-virals. Complimenting genetic adaptations that act over larger populations and longer times, this  low fidelity assembly of influenza A virus allows small populations to survive environments that fluctuate over individual replication cycles.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vahey, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fletcher, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/332650</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Low fidelity assembly of influenza A virus promotes escape from host cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/341966v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hierarchical heterogeneity across human cortex shapes large-scale neural dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/341966v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The large-scale organization of dynamical neural activity across cortex emerges through long-range interactions among local circuits. We hypothesized that large-scale dynamics are also shaped by heterogeneity of intrinsic local properties across cortical areas. One key axis along which microcircuit properties are specialized relates to hierarchical levels of cortical organization. We developed a large-scale dynamical circuit model of human cortex that incorporates heterogeneity of local synaptic strengths, following a hierarchical axis inferred from MRI-derived T1w/T2w mapping, and fit the model using multimodal neuroimaging data. We found that incorporating hierarchical heterogeneity substantially improves the model fit to fMRI-measured resting-state functional connectivity and captures sensory-association organization of multiple fMRI features. The model predicts hierarchically organized high-frequency spectral power, which we tested with resting-state magnetoencephalography. These findings suggest circuit-level mechanisms linking spatiotemporal levels of analysis and highlight the importance of local properties and their hierarchical specialization on the large-scale organization of human cortical dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Demirtas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burt, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helmer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adkinson, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glasser, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Essen, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sotiropoulos, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anticevic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murray, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/341966</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hierarchical heterogeneity across human cortex shapes large-scale neural dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/348946v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic Prediction During Perception of Everyday Events 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/348946v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ability to predict what is going to happen in the near future is integral for daily functioning. Previous research suggests that predictability varies over time, with increases in prediction error at those moments that people perceive as boundaries between meaningful events. These moments also tend to be points of rapid change in the environment. Eye tracking provides a method for continuous measurement of prediction as participants watch a movie of an actor performing a series of actions. In two studies, we used eye tracking to study the time course of prediction around event boundaries. In both studies, viewers looked at objects that were about to be touched by the actor shortly before the objects were contacted, demonstrating predictive looking. However, this behavior was modulated by event boundaries: looks to to-be-contacted objects near event boundaries were less likely to be early and more likely to be late, compared to looks to objects contacted within events. This result is consistent with theories proposing that event segmentation results from transient increases in prediction error.nnSignificance StatementThe ability to predict what will happen in the near future is integral for adaptive functioning, and although there has been extensive research on predictive processing, the dynamics of prediction at the second by second level during the perception of naturalistic activity has never been explored. The current studies therefore describe results from a novel task, the Predictive Looking at Action Task (PLAT) that can be used to investigate the dynamics of predictive processing. Demonstrating the utility of this task to investigate predictive processing, this task was applied to study the predictions made by Event Segmentation Theory, which suggests that people experience event boundaries at times of change and unpredictability in the environment. The results of these studies are of interest to communities investigating the dynamic comprehension and segmentation of naturalistic events and to communities studying visual perception of naturalistic activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Eisenberg, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zacks, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flores, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/348946</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic Prediction During Perception of Everyday Events]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/353482v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nicastrin haploinsufficiency alters expression of type-I interferon-stimulated genes in two immortalized human cell lines 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/353482v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A.BackgroundHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic skin disease. The symptoms can be severe, and include intensely painful nodules and abscesses in apocrine-gland rich inverse skin, such as the buttocks, under the arms, and the groin. Autosomal dominant forms of HS exist, but are rare. Some of these kindred have heterozygous loss-of-function rare variants in the {gamma}-secretase complex component nicastrin (NCSTN).nnObjectivesWe wanted to know what effect NCSTN haploinsufficiency has on human keratinocytes to assess potential mechanisms for lesion development.nnMethodsWe knocked down nicastrin using an shRNA construct in both a keratinocyte cell line (HEK001) and an embryonic kidney cell line (HEK293). We assessed differential gene expression using RNA microarray. We also generated a NCSTN heterozygous deletion in the HEK293 line using CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing and assessed NFKB activity in this line using a luciferase reporter.nnResultsThe keratinocyte NCSTN knockdown cell line demonstrated significantly increased expression of genes related to the type-I interferon response pathway when compared to controls. Both HEK001 and HEK293 knockdowns demonstrated evidence for altered growth. We observed a small, but significant increase in NFKB signaling in response to TNF treatment a HEK293 line genome-edited for reduced NCSTN.nnConclusionsOur data suggest a role for increased keratinocyte inflammatory responsiveness in familial HS. Confirming this phenotype, and characterizing additional effects in different cell types, will require study beyond cell lines in primary cells and tissues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morales-Heil, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberson, E. D. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/353482</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nicastrin haploinsufficiency alters expression of type-I interferon-stimulated genes in two immortalized human cell lines]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/355511v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Career Choice, Gender, and Mentor Impact: Results of the U.S. National Postdoc Survey 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/355511v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The postdoctoral community is an essential component of the academic and scientific workforce. As economic and political pressures impacting these enterprises continue to change, the postdoc experience has evolved from short, focused periods of training into often multidisciplinary, extended positions with less clear outcomes. As efforts are underway to amend U.S. federally funded research policies, the paucity of postdoc data has made evaluating the impact of policy recommendations challenging. Here we present comprehensive survey results from over 7,600 postdocs based at 351 academic and non-academic U.S. institutions in 2016. In addition to demographic and salary information, we present multivariate analyses on the factors that influence postdoc career plans and mentorship satisfaction in this population. We further analyze gender dynamics and expose wage disparities and career choice differences. Academic research positions remain the predominant career choice of postdocs in the U.S., although unequally between postdocs based on gender and residency status. Receiving mentorship training during the postdoctoral period has a large, positive effect on postdoc mentorship satisfaction. Strikingly, the quality of and satisfaction with postdoc mentorship appears to also heavily influence career choice. The data presented here are the most comprehensive data on the U.S. postdoc population to date. These results provide an evidence basis for informing government and institutional policies, and establish a critical cornerstone for quantifying the effects of future legislation aimed at the academic and scientific workforce.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McConnell, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westerman, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pierre, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heckler, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwartz, N. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/355511</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Career Choice, Gender, and Mentor Impact: Results of the U.S. National Postdoc Survey]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/365569v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional grading of pericellular matrix surrounding chondrocytes: potential roles in signaling and fluid transport 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/365569v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The extracellular matrix surrounding chondrocytes within cartilage and fibrocartilage has spatial gradients in mechanical properties. Although the function of these gradients is unknown, the potential exists for cells to tailor their mechanical microenvironment through these gradients. We hypothesized that these gradients enhance fluid transport around the cell during the slow loading cycles that occur over the course of a day, and that this enhancement changes the nature of the mechanical signals received at the surface of the cell. To test this hypothesis, we studied the effect of these gradients on the mechanical environment around a chondrocyte using a closed form, linearized model. Results demonstrated that functional grading of the character observed around chondrocytes in articular cartilage enhances fluid transport, and furthermore inverts compressive radial strains to provide tensile signals at the cell surface. The results point to several potentially important roles for functional grading of the pericellular matrix.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Saadat, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lagieski, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birman, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomopoulos, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genin, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/365569</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional grading of pericellular matrix surrounding chondrocytes: potential roles in signaling and fluid transport]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/377689v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In Vitro Assay for the Detection of Network Connectivity in Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Cultures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/377689v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Stem cell transplantation holds great promise as a repair strategy following spinal cord injury. Embryonic stem cell (ESC) transplantation therapies have elicited encouraging though limited improvement in motor and sensory function with the use of heterogeneous mixtures of spinal cord neural progenitors and ESCs. Recently, transgenic lines of ESCs have been developed to allow for purification of specific candidate populations prior to transplantation, but the functional network connectivity of these populations and its relationship to recovery is difficult to examine with current technological limitations. In this study, we combine an ESC differentiation protocol, multi-electrode arrays (MEAs), and previously developed neuronal connectivity detection algorithms to develop an in vitro high-throughput assay of network connectivity in ESC-derived populations of neurons. Neuronal aggregation results in more consistent detection of individual neuronal activity than dissociated cultures. Both aggregated and dissociated culture types exhibited synchronized bursting behaviors at days 17 and 18 on MEAs, and thousands of statistically significance functional connections were detected in both culture types. Aggregate cultures, however, demonstrate a tight linear relationship between the inter-neuron distance of neuronal pairs and the time delay of the neuronal pair functional connections, whereas dissociated cultures do not. These results suggest that ESC-derived aggregated cultures may reflect some of the spatiotemporal connectivity characteristics of in vivo tissue and prove to be useful models of investigating potentially therapeutic populations of ESC-derived neurons in vitro.nnNOVELTY AND SIGNIFICANCEPrevious investigations of stem cell-derived network connectivity on multi-electrode arrays (MEAs) have been limited to characterizations of bursting activity or broad averages of overall temporal network correlations, both of which overlook neuronal level interactions. The use of spike-sorting and short-time cross-correlation histograms along with statistical techniques developed specifically for MEAs allows for the characterization of functional connections between individual stem cell-derived neurons. This high-throughput connectivity assay will open doors for future examinations of the differences in functional network formation between various candidate stem cell-derived populations for spinal cord injury transplantation therapies--a critical inquiry into their therapeutic viability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gamble, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iyer, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sakiyama-Elbert, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbour, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/377689</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In Vitro Assay for the Detection of Network Connectivity in Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Cultures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/377861v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A dual motif mediates outer-membrane translocation and packing of glycosidases into Bacteroides Outer Membrane Vesicles. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/377861v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) are spherical structures derived from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. Bacteroides spp. are prominent components of the human gut microbiota, and OMV produced with these species are proposed to play key roles in gut homeostasis. OMV biogenesis in Bacteroides is a poorly understood process. Here, we revisited the protein composition of B. theta OMVs by mass spectrometry. We confirmed that OMVs produced by this organism contain large quantities of glycosidases and proteases, with most of them being lipoproteins. We found that most of these OMV-enriched lipoproteins are encoded by polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs), such as the sus operon. We examined the subcellular localization of the components of the Sus system, and found that the alpha-amylase SusG is highly enriched in OMVs while the oligosaccharide importer SusC remains mostly in the OM. We show that all OMV-enriched lipoproteins possess a lipoprotein export sequence (LES) that mediates translocation of SusG from the periplasmic face of the OM towards the extracellular milieu and is required for SusG to localize preferentially to OMVs. We also show that surface-exposed SusG in OMVs is active and can rescue growth of bacterial cells incapable of growing on starch as only carbon source. Our results support the role of OMVs as "public goods" that can be utilized by other organisms with different metabolic capabilities.nnIMPORTANCESpecies from the Bacteroides genus are predominant members of the human gut microbiota. OMVs in Bacteroides have been shown to be important for the homeostasis of complex host-commensal relationships, mainly involving immune tolerance and protection from disease. OMVs carry many enzymatic activities involved in the cleavage of complex polysaccharides and have been proposed as public goods that can provide growth to other bacterial species by release of polysaccharide breakdown products into the gut lumen. Nevertheless, the mechanistic nature of OMV biogenesis is unclear for Bacteroides spp. This works shows the presence of a negatively-charged rich amino acid dual motif that is required for efficient packing of the surface-exposed alpha-amylase SusG into OMVs. Discovery of this motif (LES) is the first step in the generation of tailor made probiotic interventions that can exploit LES-related sequences to generate Bacteroides strains displaying proteins of interest in OMVs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Valguarnera, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feldman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/377861</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A dual motif mediates outer-membrane translocation and packing of glycosidases into Bacteroides Outer Membrane Vesicles.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/379271v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Plasticity in Escherichia coli cell wall metabolism promotes fitness and mediates intrinsic antibiotic resistance across environmental conditions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/379271v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although the peptidoglycan cell wall is an essential structural and morphological feature of most bacterial cells, the extracytoplasmic enzymes involved in its synthesis are frequently dispensable under standard culture conditions. By modulating a single growth parameter--extracellular pH--we discovered a subset of these so-called "redundant" enzymes in Escherichia coli are required for maximal fitness across pH environments. Among these pH specialists are the class A penicillin binding proteins PBP1 a and PBP1 b; defects in these enzymes attenuate growth in alkaline and acidic conditions, respectively. Genetic, biochemical, and cytological studies demonstrate that synthase activity is required for cell wall integrity across a wide pH range, and differential activity across pH environments significantly alters intrinsic resistance to cell wall active antibiotics. Together, our findings reveal previously thought to be redundant enzymes are instead specialized for distinct environmental niches, thereby ensuring robust growth and cell wall integrity in a wide range of conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mueller, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levin, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/379271</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Plasticity in Escherichia coli cell wall metabolism promotes fitness and mediates intrinsic antibiotic resistance across environmental conditions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/390500v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mitochondria-encoded genes contribute to the evolution of heat and cold tolerance among Saccharomyces species 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/390500v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Over time, species evolve substantial phenotype differences. Yet, genetic analysis of these traits is limited by reproductive barriers to those phenotypes that distinguish closely related species. Here, we conduct a genome-wide non-complementation screen to identify genes that contribute to a major difference in thermal growth profile between two Saccharomyces species. S. cerevisiae is capable of growing at temperatures exceeding 40{degrees}C, whereas S. uvarum cannot grow above 33{degrees}C but outperforms S. cerevisiae at 4{degrees}C. The screen revealed only a single nuclear-encoded gene with a modest contribution to heat tolerance, but a large effect of the species mitochondrial DNA (mitotype). Furthermore, we found that, while the S. cerevisiae mitotype confers heat tolerance, the S. uvarum mitotype confers cold tolerance. Recombinant mitotypes indicate multiple genes contribute to thermal divergence. Mitochondrial allele replacements showed that divergence in the coding sequence of COX1 has a moderate effect on both heat and cold tolerance, but it does not explain the entire difference between the two mitochondrial genomes. Our results highlight a polygenic architecture for interspecific phenotypic divergence and point to the mitochondrial genome as an evolutionary hotspot for not only reproductive incompatibilities, but also thermal divergence in yeast.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, X. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peris, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hittinger, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sia, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fay, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/390500</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mitochondria-encoded genes contribute to the evolution of heat and cold tolerance among Saccharomyces species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/393603v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In vivo detection of optically-evoked opioid peptide release 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/393603v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Though the last decade has seen accelerated advances in techniques and technologies to perturb neuronal circuitry in the brain, we are still poorly equipped to adequately dissect endogenous peptide release in vivo. To this end we developed a system that combines in vivo optogenetics with microdialysis and a highly sensitive mass spectrometry-based assay to measure opioid peptide release in freely moving rodents.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Al-Hasani, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, J.-M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mabrouk, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCall, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmitz, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porter-Stransky, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aragona, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruchas, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/393603</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In vivo detection of optically-evoked opioid peptide release]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/395236v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Whole brain imaging reveals distinct spatial patterns of amyloid beta deposition in three mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/395236v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A variety of Alzheimers disease (AD) mouse models overexpress mutant forms of human amyloid precursor protein (APP), producing high levels of amyloid {beta} (A{beta}) and forming plaques However, the degree to which these models mimic spatiotemporal patterns of A{beta} deposition in brains of AD patients is unknown. Here, we mapped the spatial distribution of A{beta} plaques across ages in three APP-overexpression mouse lines (APP/PS1, Tg2576, hAPP-J20) using in vivo labeling with methoxy-X04, high throughput whole brain imaging, and an automated informatics pipeline. Images were acquired with high resolution serial 2-photon tomography and labeled plaques were detected using custom-built segmentation algorithms. Image series were registered to the Allen Mouse Brain Common Coordinate Framework, a 3D reference atlas, enabling automated brain-wide quantification of plaque density, number, and location. In both APP/PS1 and Tg2576 mice, plaques were identified first in isocortex, followed by olfactory, hippocampal, and cortical subplate areas. In hAPP-J20 mice, plaque density was highest in hippocampal areas, followed by isocortex, with little to no involvement of olfactory or cortical subplate areas. Within the major brain divisions, distinct regions were identified with high (or low) plaque accumulation; e.g., the lateral visual area within the isocortex of APP/PS1 mice had relatively higher plaque density compared with other cortical areas, while in hAPP-J20 mice, plaques were densest in the ventral retrosplenial cortex. In summary, we show how whole brain imaging of amyloid pathology in mice reveals the extent to which a given model recapitulates the regional A{beta} deposition patterns described in AD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Whitesell, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buckley, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knox, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graddis, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pelos, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukora, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wakeman, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bohn, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirokawa, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/395236</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Whole brain imaging reveals distinct spatial patterns of amyloid beta deposition in three mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/396671v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pericentromeric hypomethylation elicits an interferon response in an animal model of ICF syndrome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/396671v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pericentromeric satellite repeats are enriched in 5-methylcytosine (5mC). Loss of 5mC at these sequences is common in cancer and is a hallmark of Immunodeficiency, Centromere and Facial abnormalities (ICF) syndrome. While the general importance of 5mC is well-established, the specific functions of 5mC at pericentromeres are less clear. To address this deficiency, we generated a viable animal model of pericentromeric hypomethylation through mutation of the ICF-gene ZBTB24. Deletion of zebrafish zbtb24 caused a progressive loss of 5mC at pericentromeres and ICF-like phenotypes. Hypomethylation of these repeats triggered derepression of pericentromeric transcripts and activation of an interferon-based innate immune response. Injection of pericentromeric RNA is sufficient to elicit this response in wild-type embryos, and mutation of the MDA5-MAVS dsRNA-sensing machinery blocks the response in mutants. These findings identify activation of the innate immune system as an early consequence of pericentromeric hypomethylation, implicating derepression of pericentromeric transcripts as a trigger of autoimmunity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rajshekar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnold, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payne, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, T. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmitz, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goll, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/396671</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pericentromeric hypomethylation elicits an interferon response in an animal model of ICF syndrome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/397430v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Subclinical infection of macaques and baboons with a baboon simartevirus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/397430v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Simarteviruses (Arteriviridae: Simartevirus) are commonly found at high titers in the blood of African monkeys but do not cause overt disease in these hosts. In contrast, simarteviruses cause severe disease in Asian macaques upon accidental or experimental transmission. Here, we sought to better understand the host-dependent drivers of simartevirus pathogenesis by infecting olive baboons (n=4) and rhesus macaques (n=4) with the simartevirus Southwest baboon virus 1 (SWBV-1). Surprisingly, none of the animals in our study showed signs of disease following SWBV-1 inoculation. Three animals (two rhesus monkeys and one olive baboon) became infected and sustained high levels of SWBV-1 viremia for the duration of the study. The course of SWBV-1 infection was highly predictable: plasma viremia peaked between 1x107 and 1x108 vRNA copies/ml at 3-10 days post-inoculation, which was followed by a relative nadir and then establishment of a stable set-point between 1x106 and 1x107 vRNA copies/ml for the remainder of the study (56 days). We characterized cellular and antibody responses to SWBV-1 infection in these animals, demonstrating that macaques and baboons mount similar responses to SWBV-1 infection, yet these responses are ineffective at clearing SWBV-1 infection. SWBV-1 sequencing revealed the accumulation of non-synonymous mutations in a region of the genome that corresponds to an immunodominant epitope in the simartevirus major envelope glycoprotein GP5, which likely contribute to viral persistence by enabling escape from host antibodies.nnOne Sentence SummarySimartevirus infection has multiple disease manifestations following cross-species transmission.nnAccessible Summary/ImportanceSimarteviruses are known to infect African monkeys, such as olive baboons, without causing overt disease. In contrast, accidental infection of Asian monkeys, such as rhesus monkeys, has resulted in severe and often fatal disease. We used a simartevirus found circulating among captive olive baboons (Southwest baboon virus 1; SWBV-1) to experimentally infect both olive baboons and rhesus monkeys to model infection with the same virus in both natural and non-natural hosts. Surprisingly, neither baboons nor macaques displayed any laboratory abnormalities or signs of disease over the course of infection, despite robust SWBV-1 replication. In the accompanying study by Cornish et al., a similar experimental approach was undertaken: African patas monkeys and rhesus monkeys were infected with the simartevirus simian hemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV). In contrast to our study, SHFV caused disease in both of these hosts, albeit with much more severe disease developing in the macaques. Interestingly, we observed similar levels of immune cell activation in simartevirus-infected animals across both studies, suggesting that finer nuances of the host response, and perhaps properties of each individual simartevirus, may influences pathogenicity of these viruses in primates. Taken together, our collective findings highlight the wide clinical spectrum of simartevirus infection, ranging from highly-lethal hemorrhagic disease to persistent infection without any overt signs of disease, even in non-natural primate hosts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Buechler, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Semler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newman, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cornish, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chavez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guerra, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lanford, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brasky, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuhn, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Connor, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bailey, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/397430</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Subclinical infection of macaques and baboons with a baboon simartevirus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/398107v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Synthetic and genomic regulatory elements reveal aspects of cis-regulatory grammar in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/398107v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In embryonic stem cells (ESCs), a core network of transcription factors establish and maintain the gene expression program necessary to grow indefinitely in cell culture and generate all three primary germ layers. To understand how interactions between four key pluripotency transcription factors (TFs), SOX2, POU5F1 (OCT4), KLF4, and ESRRB, contribute to cis-regulation in mouse ESCs, we assayed two massively parallel reporter assay (MPRA) libraries composed of different combinations of binding sites for these TFs. One library was an exhaustive set of synthetic cis-regulatory elements and the second was a set of genomic sequences with comparable configurations of binding sites. Comparisons between the libraries allowed us to determine the regulatory grammar requirements for these binding sites in constrained synthetic contexts versus genomic sequence contexts. We found that binding site quality is a common attribute for active elements in both the synthetic and genomic contexts. For synthetic regulatory elements, the level of expression is mostly determined by the number of binding sites but is tuned by a grammar that includes position effects. Surprisingly, this grammar appears to only play a small role in setting the output levels of genomic sequences. The relative activity of genomic sequences is best explained by the predicted affinity of binding sites, regardless of identity, and optimized spacing between sites. Our findings highlight the need for detailed examinations of complex sequence space when trying to understand cis-regulatory grammar in the genome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>King, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maricque, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/398107</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Synthetic and genomic regulatory elements reveal aspects of cis-regulatory grammar in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/401604v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CLIP-Seq and massively parallel functional analysis of the CELF6 RNA binding protein reveals a role in destabilizing synaptic gene mRNAs through interaction with 3’UTR elements in vivo 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/401604v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CELF6 is a RNA-binding protein in a family of proteins with roles in human health and disease, however little is known about the mRNA targets or in vivo function of this protein. We utilized CLIP-Seq to identify, for the first time, in vivo targets of CELF6 and identify hundreds of transcripts bound by CELF6 in the brain. We found these are disproportionately mRNAs coding for synaptic proteins. We then conducted functional validation of these targets, testing greater than 400 CELF6 bound sequence elements for their activity, applying a massively parallel reporter assay framework to evaluation of the CLIP data. We also mutated potential binding motifs within these elements and tested their impact. This comprehensive analysis led us to ascribe a previously unknown function to CELF6: we found bound elements were generally repressive of translation, that CELF6 further enhances this repression via decreasing RNA abundance, and this process was dependent on UGU-rich sequence motifs. This greatly extends the known role for CELF6, which had previously been defined only as a splicing factor. We further extend these findings by demonstrating the same function for CELF3, CELF4, and CELF5. Finally, we demonstrate that the CELF6 targets are derepressed in CELF6 mutant mice in vivo, confirming this new role in the brain. Thus, our study demonstrates that CELF6 and other sub-family members are repressive CNS RNA-binding proteins, and CELF6 downregulates specific mRNAs in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rieger, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/401604</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CLIP-Seq and massively parallel functional analysis of the CELF6 RNA binding protein reveals a role in destabilizing synaptic gene mRNAs through interaction with 3’UTR elements in vivo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/407890v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The dark side of the mean: brain structural heterogeneity in schizophrenia and its polygenic risk. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/407890v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ImportanceBetween-subject variability in brain structure is determined by gene-environment interactions, possibly reflecting differential sensitivity to environmental and genetic perturbations. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have revealed thinner cortices and smaller subcortical volumes in patients. However, such group-level comparisons may mask considerable within-group heterogeneity, which has largely remained unnoticed in the literaturennObjectiveTo compare brain structural variability between individuals with SZ and healthy controls (HC) and to test if respective variability reflects the polygenic risk for SZ (PRS) in HC.nnDesign, Setting, and ParticipantsWe compared MRI derived cortical thickness and subcortical volumes between 2,010 healthy controls and 1,151 patients with SZ across 16 cohorts. Secondly, we tested for associations between PRS and MRI features in 12,490 participants from UK Biobank.nnMain Outcomes and MeasuresWe modeled mean and dispersion effects of SZ and PRS using double generalized linear models. We performed vertex-wise analyses for thickness, and region-of-interest analysis for cortical, subcortical and hippocampal subfield volumes. Follow-up analyses included within-sample analysis, controlling for intracranial volume and population covariates, test of robustness of PRS threshold, and outlier removal.nnResultsCompared to controls, patients with SZ showed higher heterogeneity in cortical thickness, cortical and ventricle volumes, and hippocampal subfields. Higher PRS was associated with thinner frontal and temporal cortices, as well as smaller left CA2/3, but was not significantly associated with dispersion.nnConclusion and relevanceSZ is associated with substantial brain structural heterogeneity beyond the mean differences. These findings possibly reflect higher differential sensitivity to environmental and genetic perturbations in patients, supporting the heterogeneous nature of SZ. Higher PRS for SZ was associated with thinner fronto-temporal cortices and smaller subcortical volumes, but there were no significant associations with the heterogeneity in these measures, i.e. the variability among individuals with high PRS were comparable to the variability among individuals with low PRS. This suggests that brain variability in SZ results from interactions between environmental and genetic factors that are not captured by the PGR. Factors contributing to heterogeneity in fronto-temporal cortices and hippocampus are thus key to further our understanding of how genetic and environmental factors shape brain biology in SZ.nnKey PointsQuestion: Is schizophrenia and its polygenic risk associated with brain structural heterogeneity in addition to mean changes?nnFindings: In a sample of 1151 patients and 2010 controls, schizophrenia was associated with increased heterogeneity in fronto-temporal thickness, cortical, ventricle, and hippocampal volumes, besides robust reductions in mean estimates. In an independent sample of 12,490 controls, polygenic risk for schizophrenia was associated with thinner fronto-temporal cortices and smaller CA2/3 of the left hippocampus, but not with heterogeneity.nnMeaning: Schizophrenia is associated with increased inter-individual differences in brainstructure, possibly reflecting clinical heterogeneity, gene-environment interactions, or secondary disease factors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alnaes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufmann, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Meer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cordova-Palomera, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rokicki, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moberget, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bettella, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agartz, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barch, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertolino, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandt, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cervenka, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Djurovic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doan, N. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eisenacher, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fatouros-Bergman, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flyckt, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Giorgio, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haatveit, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonsson, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>KaSP Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirsch, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lund, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer-Lindenberg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pergola, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwarz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smeland, O. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quarto, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zink, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westlye, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/407890</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The dark side of the mean: brain structural heterogeneity in schizophrenia and its polygenic risk.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/412353v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chemical signatures of honey bee group membership develop via a socially-modulated innate process 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/412353v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Large social insect colonies exhibit a remarkable ability for recognizing group members via colony-specific cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) pheromonal signatures. Previous work suggested that in some ant species colony-specific signatures are generated through a "gestalt" mechanism via the passive transfer and homogenization of CHCs across all individual members of the colony. In contrast, we demonstrate that nestmate recognition cues of worker honey bees (Apis mellifera) mature in foragers via a sequence of stereotypic age-dependent quantitative and qualitative chemical transitions, which are driven by intrinsic biosynthetic pathways. Therefore, in contrast to predictions of the "Gestalt" model, nestmate recognition cues in honey bee colonies do not represent a passive "average" signature that is carried and recognized by all colony members. Instead, specific colony members develop the relevant cues via an innately-determined developmental program that can be modulated by colony-specific social environmental factors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vernier, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krupp, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcus, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hefetz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levine, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben-Shahar, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/412353</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chemical signatures of honey bee group membership develop via a socially-modulated innate process]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/413278v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The community structure of functional brain networks exhibits scale-specific patterns of variability across individuals and time 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/413278v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The network organization of the human brain varies across individuals, changes with development and aging, and differs in disease. Discovering the major dimensions along which this variability is displayed remains a central goal of both neuroscience and clinical medicine. Such efforts can be usefully framed within the context of the brains modular network organization, which can be assessed quantitatively using powerful computational techniques and extended for the purposes of multi-scale analysis, dimensionality reduction, and biomarker generation. Though the concept of modularity and its utility in describing brain network organization is clear, principled methods for comparing multi-scale communities across individuals and time are surprisingly lacking. Here, we present a method that uses multi-layer networks to simultaneously discover the modular structure of many subjects at once. This method builds upon the well-known multi-layer modularity maximization technique, and provides a viable and principled tool for studying differences in network communities across individuals and within individuals across time. We test this method on two datasets and identify consistent patterns of inter-subject community variability, demonstrating that this variability - which would be undetectable using past approaches - is associated with measures of cognitive performance. In general, the multi-layer, multi-subject framework proposed here represents an advancement over current approaches by straighforwardly mapping community assignments across subjects and holds promise for future investigations of inter-subject community variation in clinical populations or as a result of task constraints.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Betzel, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertolero, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gratton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dosenbach, N. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bassett, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/413278</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The community structure of functional brain networks exhibits scale-specific patterns of variability across individuals and time]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/420109v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PolyA tracks and poly-lysine repeats are the Achilles heel of Plasmodium falciparum 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/420109v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plasmodium falciparum, the causative agent of human malaria, is an apicomplexan parasite with a complex, multi-host life cycle. Sixty percent of transcripts from its extreme AT-rich (81%) genome possess coding polyadenosine (polyA) runs, distinguishing the parasite from its hosts and other sequenced organisms. Recent studies indicate that transcripts with polyA runs encoding poly-lysine are hot spots for ribosome stalling and frameshifting, eliciting mRNA surveillance pathways and attenuating protein synthesis in the majority of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Here, we show that the P. falciparum translational machinery is paradigm-breaking. Using bioinformatic and biochemical approaches, we demonstrate that both endogenous genes and reporter sequences containing long polyA runs are efficiently and accurately transcribed and translated in P. falciparum cells. Translation of polyA tracks in the parasite does not elicit any response from mRNA surveillance pathways usually seen in host human cells or organisms with similar AT content. The translation efficiency and accuracy of the parasite protein synthesis machinery reveals a unique role of ribosomes in the evolution and adaptation of P. falciparum to an AU-rich transcriptome and polybasic amino sequences. Finally, we show that the ability of P. falciparum to synthesize long poly-lysine repeats has given this parasite a unique protein exportome and an advantage in infectivity that can be suppressed by addition of exogenous poly-basic polymers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pavlovic Djuranovic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erath, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrews, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bayguinov, P. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chalker, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitzpatrick, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moss, W. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szczesny, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Djuranovic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/420109</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PolyA tracks and poly-lysine repeats are the Achilles heel of Plasmodium falciparum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/420273v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Trans-ethnic genome-wide association study provides insight into effector genes and molecular mechanisms for kidney function and highlights a causal effect on kidney-specific disease aetiologies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/420273v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects [~]10% of the global population, with considerable ethnic differences in prevalence and aetiology. We assembled genome-wide association studies (GWAS)1-3 of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), a measure of kidney function that defines CKD, in 312,468 individuals from four ancestry groups. We identified 93 loci (20 novel), which were delineated to 127 distinct association signals. These signals were homogenous across ancestries, and were enriched for protein-coding exons, kidney-specific histone modifications, and transcription factor binding sites for HDAC2 and EZH2. Fine-mapping revealed 40 high-confidence variants driving eGFR associations and highlighted potential causal genes with cell-type specific expression in glomerulus, and proximal and distal nephron. Mendelian randomisation (MR) supported causal effects of eGFR on overall and cause-specific CKD, kidney stone formation, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and hypertension. These results define novel molecular mechanisms and effector genes for eGFR, offering insight into clinical outcomes and routes to CKD treatment development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Morris, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akbarov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Most, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahajan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hemani, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaulton, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nadkarni, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valladares-Salgado, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wacher-Rodarte, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mychaleckyj, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dueker, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haessler, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamatani, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stilp, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnlov, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanton, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Borst, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bottinger, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchanan, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charchar, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Damman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eales, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gharavi, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giedraitis, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heath, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ipp, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiryluk, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kubo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larsson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindgren, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madden, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kramer, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montgomery, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papanicolaou, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raffel, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>S</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/420273</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Trans-ethnic genome-wide association study provides insight into effector genes and molecular mechanisms for kidney function and highlights a causal effect on kidney-specific disease aetiologies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/424499v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Morning and Evening Circadian Pacemakers Independently Drive Premotor Centers via a Specific Dopamine Relay 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/424499v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many animals exhibit morning and evening peaks of locomotor behavior. In Drosophila, previous studies identified two corresponding circadian neural oscillators: M (morning) cells which exhixbit a morning neural activity peak, and E (evening) cells which exhibit a corresponding evening peak of activity. Yet we know little of how these distinct circadian oscillators produce specific outputs that regulate pre-motor circuits to precisely control behavioral episodes. Here we show that the Ring Neurons of the Ellipsoid Body (EB-RNs), a defined pre-motor center, display a spontaneous in vivo neural activity rhythm, with peaks in the morning and in the evening. The two EB-RN activity peaks coincide with the major bouts of locomotor activity and result from independent activation by M and E cells, respectively. Further, M and E cells regulate EB-RNs via two identified dopaminergic neurons PPM3-EB, which project to the EB and which are normally co-active with EB-RNs. Blocking the dopaminergic modulation onto EB-RNs prevents the daily two-peak pattern of neural activity in the EB-RN and greatly impairs circadian locomotor activity. These in vivo findings establish the fundamental elements of a circadian neuronal output pathway: distinct circadian oscillators independently drive a common pre-motor center through the agency of specific dopaminergic interneurons.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, M. C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holy, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taghert, P. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/424499</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Morning and Evening Circadian Pacemakers Independently Drive Premotor Centers via a Specific Dopamine Relay]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/426486v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Assessment of biological role and insight into druggability of the Plasmodium falciparum protease plasmepsin V 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/426486v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Upon infection of a red blood cell (RBC), the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum drastically remodels its host by exporting hundreds of proteins into the RBC cytosol. This program of protein export is essential for parasite survival, hence there is interest in export-related proteins as potential drug targets. One proposed target is plasmepsin V (PMV), an aspartic protease that cleaves export-destined proteins in the parasite ER at a motif called the Plasmodium export element (PEXEL). This cleavage is essential for effector export across the vacuolar membrane. Despite long-standing interest in PMV, functional studies have been hindered by the failure of current technologies to produce a regulatable lethal depletion of PMV. To overcome this technical barrier, we designed a facile system for stringent post-transcriptional regulation, allowing a tightly controlled, tunable knockdown of PMV. Under maximal knockdown conditions, parasite growth was arrested, validating PMV as essential for parasite survival in RBCs. We found that PMV levels had to be dramatically depleted to affect parasite growth, suggesting that the parasite maintains this enzyme in substantial excess. This has important implications for antimalarial development. Additionally, we found that PMV-depleted parasites arrest immediately after invasion of the host cell, suggesting that PMV has an unappreciated role in early development that is distinct from its previously reported role in protein export in later-stage parasites.nnImportanceMalaria is endemic to large swaths of the developing world, causing nearly 500,000 deaths each year. While infection can be treated with antimalarial drugs, resistance continues to emerge to frontline antimalarials, spurring calls for new drugs and targets to feed the drug development pipeline. One proposed target is the aspartic protease plasmepsin V (PMV) that processes exported proteins, enabling the export program that remodels the host cell. This work uses facile genetic tools to produce lethal depletion of PMV, validating it as a drug target and showing that PMV is made in substantial excess in blood-stage parasites. Unexpectedly, PMV depletion leads to parasite death immediately after invasion of RBCs, distinct from other disruptions of the export pathway. This suggests that PMV inhibitors could lead to relatively rapid parasite death, and that PMV has additional unexplored role(s) during RBC infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Goldberg, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niles, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polino, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nasamu, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/426486</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Assessment of biological role and insight into druggability of the Plasmodium falciparum protease plasmepsin V]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/431072v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enspara: Modeling molecular ensembles with scalable data structures and parallel computing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/431072v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Markov state models (MSMs) are quantitative models of protein dynamics that are useful for uncovering the structural fluctuations that proteins undergo, as well as the mechanisms of these conformational changes. Given the enormity of conformational space, there has been ongoing interest in identifying a small number of states that capture the essential features of a protein. Generally, this is achieved by making assumptions about the properties of relevant features--for example, that the most important features are those that change slowly. An alternative strategy is to keep as many degrees of freedom as possible and subsequently learn from the model which of the features are most important. In these larger models, however, traditional approaches quickly become computationally intractable. In this paper, we present enspara, a library for working with MSMs that provides several novel algorithms and specialized data structures that dramatically improve the scalability of traditional MSM methods. This includes ragged arrays for minimizing memory requirements, MPI-parallelized implementations of compute-intensive operations, and a flexible framework for model estimation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Porter, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmerman, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/431072</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enspara: Modeling molecular ensembles with scalable data structures and parallel computing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/436386v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A complex symbiosis involving within species variation in the response of Dictyostelium amoebae to Burkholderia bacteria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/436386v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent symbioses, particularly facultative ones, are well suited for unravelling the evolutionary give and take between partners. Here we look at variation in wild-collected samples of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum and their relationships with bacterial symbionts, Burkholderia hayleyella and Burkholderia agricolaris. Only about a third of field-collected amoebae carry a symbiont. We cured and cross-infected D. discoideum hosts with different symbiont association histories and then compared the responses of the amoebae to each symbiont type. Before curing, field-collected clones did not vary significantly in overall fitness, but infected hosts produced morphologically different multicellular structures. After curing and re-infecting, host fitness declined overall. However, natural B. hayleyella hosts suffered fewer fitness costs when re-infected with B. hayleyella, indicating that they have evolved mechanisms to tolerate their naturally acquired symbiont. Exploring relationships between endosymbionts and hosts that vary within species may also reveal much about disease dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brock, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geist, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Queller, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strassmann, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiSalvo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/436386</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A complex symbiosis involving within species variation in the response of Dictyostelium amoebae to Burkholderia bacteria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/436576v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FoxM1 drives proximal tubule proliferation during repair from acute kidney injury 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/436576v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The proximal tubule has a remarkable capacity for repair after acute injury but the cellular lineage and molecular mechanisms underlying this repair response have been poorly characterized. Here, we developed a Kim-1-GFPCreERt2 knockin mouse line (Kim-1-GCE), performed genetic lineage analysis after injury and measured the cellular transcriptome of proximal tubule during repair. Acutely injured genetically labeled clones co-expressed Kim-1, Vimentin, Sox9 and Ki67, indicating a dedifferentiated and proliferative state. Clonal analysis revealed clonal expansion of Kim-1+ cells, indicating that acutely injured, dedifferentiated proximal tubule cells account for repair rather than a fixed tubular progenitor. Translational profiling during injury and repair revealed signatures of both successful and unsuccessful maladaptive repair. The transcription factor FoxM1 was induced early in injury, was required for epithelial proliferation, and was dependent on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) stimulation. In conclusion, dedifferentiated proximal tubule cells effect proximal tubule repair and we reveal a novel EGFR-FoxM1-dependent signaling pathway that drives proliferative repair after injury.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chang-Panesso, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kadyrov, F. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lalli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ikeda, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kobayashi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humphreys, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/436576</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FoxM1 drives proximal tubule proliferation during repair from acute kidney injury]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/450452v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A set of functionally-defined brain regions with improved representation of the subcortex and cerebellum 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/450452v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
An important aspect of network-based analysis is robust node definition. This issue is critical for functional brain network analyses, as poor node choice can lead to spurious findings and misleading inferences about functional brain organization. Two sets of functional brain nodes from our group are well represented in the literature: (1) 264 volumetric regions of interest (ROIs) reported in Power et al., 2011 and (2) 333 cortical surface parcels reported in Gordon et al., 2016. However, subcortical and cerebellar structures are either incompletely captured or missing from these ROI sets. Therefore, properties of functional network organization involving the subcortex and cerebellum may be underappreciated thus far. Here, we apply a winner-take-all partitioning method to resting-state fMRI data to generate novel functionally-constrained ROIs in the thalamus, basal ganglia, amygdala, hippocampus, and cerebellum. We validate these ROIs in three datasets using several criteria, including agreement with existing literature and anatomical atlases. Further, we demonstrate that combining these ROIs with established cortical ROIs recapitulates and extends previously described functional network organization. This new set of ROIs is made publicly available for general use, including a full list of MNI coordinates and functional network labels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Seitzman, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gratton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raut, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dosenbach, N. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlaggar, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petersen, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greene, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/450452</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A set of functionally-defined brain regions with improved representation of the subcortex and cerebellum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/452631v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Heterotaxy Gene, CCDC11, is Essential for Cytokinesis and Cell-Cell Adhesion Via RhoA Regulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/452631v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mutations in CCDC11 have been identified in multiple patients with heterotaxy (Htx), a disorder of left-right (LR) patterning of the internal organs. In Xenopus, depletion of Ccdc11 causes defects in LR patterning, recapitulating the patient phenotype. Upon Ccdc11 depletion, normally monociliated cells of the Left-Right Organizer (LRO) exhibit multiple cilia per cell. Unexpectedly, we found that Ccdc11 is necessary for successful cytokinesis, and the multiciliation observed in Ccdc11-depleted cells was due to failed cytokinesis. Furthermore, CCDC11 depletion alters cell-cell adhesion with reduction in junctional localization of adhesion molecules. The small GTPase RhoA is critical for cytokinesis and cell-cell adhesion. Because the CCDC11 depletion phenotypes are reminiscent of RhoA loss of function, we investigated a possible connection to regulation of RhoA signaling. We demonstrate that CCDC11 is localized to the cytokinetic contractile ring overlapping with RhoA during cytokinesis and regulates total RhoA protein levels. Our results suggest that CCDC11 connects cytokinesis and LR patterning via RhoA regulation, providing a potential mechanism for heterotaxy disease pathogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kulkarni, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephenson, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amalraj, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Betleja, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moresco, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yates, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahjoub, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khokha, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/452631</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Heterotaxy Gene, CCDC11, is Essential for Cytokinesis and Cell-Cell Adhesion Via RhoA Regulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/453332v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide association and functional studies identify 46 novel loci for alcohol consumption and suggest common genetic mechanisms with neuropsychiatric disorders 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/453332v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Excessive alcohol consumption is one of the main causes of death and disability worldwide. Alcohol consumption is a heritable complex trait. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of alcohol use in ~480,000 people of European descent to decipher the genetic architecture of alcohol intake. We identified 46 novel, common loci, and investigated their potential functional significance using magnetic resonance imaging data, gene expression and behavioral studies in Drosophila. Our results identify new genetic pathways associated with alcohol consumption and suggest common genetic mechanisms with several neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Evangelou, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ntritsos, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blakeley, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butts, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pazoki, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suzuki, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koskeridis, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yiorkas, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karaman, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elliott, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aeschbacher, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartz, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baumeister, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braund, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brody, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clarke, T.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dimou, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faul, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Homuth, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, A. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kentistou, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshi, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemaitre, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lind, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyytikainen, L.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mangino, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milaneschi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nolte, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perala, M.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polasek, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porteous, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ratliff, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stancakova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teumer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuominen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Theriault, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vangipurapu, J</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/453332</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide association and functional studies identify 46 novel loci for alcohol consumption and suggest common genetic mechanisms with neuropsychiatric disorders]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/453944v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hypermorphic SERK1 mutations function via a SOBIR1 pathway to activate floral abscission signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/453944v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In Arabidopsis, the abscission of floral organs is regulated by two related receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs), HAESA and HAESA-like 2 (HAE/HSL2). HAE/HSL2, in complex with members of the SERK family of coreceptor protein kinases, are activated by the binding of the proteolytically processed peptide ligand IDA. This leads to expression of genes encoding secreted cell wall remodeling and hydrolase enzymes. hae hsl2 mutants fail to induce expression of these genes and retain floral organs indefinitely. In this paper we report identification of an allelic series of hae hsl2 suppressor mutations in the SERK1 coreceptor protein kinase gene. Genetic and transcriptomic evidence indicates these alleles represent a novel class of gain of function mutations that activate signaling independent of HAE/HSL2. We show that the suppression effect surprisingly does not rely on protein kinase activity of SERK1, and that activation of signaling relies on the RLK gene SOBIR1. The effect of these mutations can be mimicked by loss of function of BIR1, a known negative regulator of SERK-SOBIR1 signaling. These results suggest BIR1 functions to negatively regulate SERK-SOBIR1 signaling during abscission, and that the identified SERK1 mutations likely interfere with this negative regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Taylor, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calcutt, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/453944</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hypermorphic SERK1 mutations function via a SOBIR1 pathway to activate floral abscission signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/463349v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Glycan cross-feeding drives mutualism between Fusobacterium and the vaginal microbiota 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/463349v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dysbiosis of the vaginal microbiome is associated with vaginal colonization by potential pathogens including Fusobacterium nucleatum, a bacterium linked with intrauterine infection and preterm birth. However, mechanisms by which such pathogens gain a foothold in the dysbiotic vagina remain obscure. Here we demonstrate that sialidase activity, a biochemical marker of vaginal dysbiosis, promoted F. nucleatum foraging on mammalian sialoglycans, an otherwise inaccessible resource. In mice with sialidase-positive vaginal microbiomes, mutant F. nucleatum unable to consume sialic acids displayed impaired colonization. Furthermore, community- and co-culture experiments showed that F. nucleatum did not simply take advantage of sialidase-positive bacteria, but also "gave back" to the community, supporting robust outgrowth of sialidase-producers, including Gardnerella vaginalis. These results illustrate that mutualistic relationships between vaginal bacteria support pathogen colonization and reinforce dysbiosis, adding complexity to the simplistic dogma that the mere absence of "healthy" lactobacilli is what creates a permissive environment for pathogens during dysbiosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Agarwal, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perry, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foster, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tortelli, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O Brien, V. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reno, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/463349</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Glycan cross-feeding drives mutualism between Fusobacterium and the vaginal microbiota]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/466276v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A polyploid admixed origin of beer yeasts derived from European and Asian wine populations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/466276v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae used to make beer, bread and wine are genetically and phenotypically distinct from wild populations associated with trees. The origins of these domesticated populations are not always clear; human-associated migration and admixture with wild populations have had a strong impact on S. cerevisiae population structure. We examined the population genetic history of beer strains and find that ale strains and the S. cerevisiae portion of allotetraploid lager strains were derived from admixture between populations closely related to European grape wine strains and Asian rice wine strains. Similar to both lager and baking strains, ale strains are polyploid, providing them with a passive means of remaining isolated from other populations and providing us with a living relic of their ancestral hybridization. To reconstruct their polyploid origin we phased the genomes of two ale strains and found ale haplotypes to both be recombinants between European and Asian alleles and to also contain novel alleles derived from extinct or as yet uncharacterized populations. We conclude that modern beer strains are the product of a historical melting pot of fermentation technology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fay, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ong, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunham, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cromie, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeffrey, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ludlow, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dudley, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/466276</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A polyploid admixed origin of beer yeasts derived from European and Asian wine populations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/469882v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dual cryo-radiofrequency ablation enhances lesion depth in beating human left ventricular preparations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/469882v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Thermally-mediated ablation has utilized various energy sources, including cryothermal, radiofrequency (RF), microwave, laser, and high-frequency ultrasound with the goal of creating lesions to terminate focal sources or block reentrant wavefronts. RF- and cryo-ablation (CR) cause cell death through different mechanisms, and leave behind tissue with altered thermal-electric properties. We aimed to assess the effect of sequential RF and CR combinations on lesion size. Left ventricular (LV) wedge preparations (n=17) were dissected from ten donated human hearts and four epicardial ablation protocols were compared: 1) RF-RF (n=7); 2) CR-CR (n=7); 3) RF-CR (n=7); and 4) CR-RF (n=7). Preparations were continuously paced and perfused with oxygenated Tyrode solution. Ablated tissue was perfused for 3 hours, sectioned, and stained with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride to delineate necrosis. The effect of initial thermal-electric tissue properties on lesion depth during RF application was determined using a finite element method (FEM). CR-RF generated the deepest lesion (p<0.05) compared to protocols 1-3, while lesion width and area were similar among protocols. No energy combination produced a transmural lesion (n=0 of 28) in LV preparations. FEM showed that electrical conductivity plays a more significant role in lesion creation compared to thermal conductivity. A 33% increase in the initial thermal and electrical tissue conductivity generated a 21% deeper lesion. We conclude that sequential application of CR followed by RF created the deepest lesion in beating human LV preparations. This increase in lesion depth may translate into improved therapeutic outcomes for arrhythmias with intramural origins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sulkin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laughner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogge, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Philpott, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Efimov, I. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/469882</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dual cryo-radiofrequency ablation enhances lesion depth in beating human left ventricular preparations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/470450v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A platform for case-control matching enables association studies without genotype sharing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/470450v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Acquiring a sufficiently powered cohort of control samples can be time consuming or, sometimes, impossible. Accordingly, an ability to leverage control samples that were already collected and sequenced elsewhere could dramatically improve power in all genetic association studies. However, since majority of the genotyped and sequenced human DNA samples to date are subject to strict data sharing regulations, large-scale sharing of, in particular, control samples is extremely challenging. Using insights from image recognition, we developed a method allowing selection of the best-matching controls in an external pool of samples that is compliant with personal genotype data protection restrictions. Our approach uses singular value decomposition of the matrix of case genotypes to rank controls in another study by similarity to cases. We demonstrate that this recovers an accurate case-control association analysis for both ultra-rare and common variants and implement and provide online access to a library of ~17,000 controls that enables association studies for case cohorts lacking control subjects.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Artomov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loboda, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Artyomov, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daly, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/470450</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A platform for case-control matching enables association studies without genotype sharing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/474346v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
How does cilium length affect beating? 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/474346v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The effects of cilium length on the dynamics of cilia motion were investigated by high-speed video microscopy of uniciliate mutants of the swimming alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Cells with short cilia were obtained by deciliating cells via pH shock and allowing cilia to reassemble for limited times. The frequency of cilia beating was estimated from motion of the cell body and of the cilium. Key features of the ciliary waveform were quantified from polynomial curves fitted to the cilium in each image frame. Most notably, periodic beating did not emerge until the cilium reached a critical length between 2-4 {micro}m. Surprisingly, in cells that exhibited periodic beating, the frequency of beating was similar for all lengths with only a slight decrease in frequency as length increased from 4 {micro}m to the normal length of 10-12 {micro}m. The waveform average curvature (rad/{micro}m) was also conserved as the cilium grew. The mechanical metrics of ciliary propulsion: force, torque, and power all increased in proportion to length. Mechanical efficiency of beating appeared to be maximal at the normal wild-type length of 10-12 m. These quantitative features of ciliary behavior illuminate the biophysics of cilia motion and, in future studies, may help distinguish competing hypotheses of the underlying mechanism of oscillation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bottier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dutcher, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bayly, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/474346</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[How does cilium length affect beating?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/477372v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The urge to blink in Tourette syndrome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/477372v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Functional neuroimaging studies have attempted to explore brain activity that occurs with tic occurrence in subjects with Tourette syndrome (TS). However, they are limited by the difficulty of disambiguating brain activity required to perform a tic, or activity caused by the tic, from brain activity that generates a tic. Inhibiting the urge to tic is important to patients experience of tics and we hypothesize that inhibition of a compelling motor response to a natural urge will differ in TS subjects compared to controls. This study examines the urge to blink, which shares many similarities to premonitory urges to tic. Previous neuroimaging studies with the same hypothesis have used a one-size-fits-all approach to extract brain signal putatively linked to the urge to blink. We aimed to create a subject-specific and blink-timing-specific pathophysiological model, derived from out-of-scanner blink suppression trials, to eventually better interpret blink suppression fMRI data. Eye closure and continuously self-reported discomfort were reported during five blink suppression trials in 30 adult volunteers, 15 with a chronic tic disorder. For each subject, data from four of the trials were used with an empirical mathematical model to predict discomfort from eye closure observed during the remaining trial. The blink timing model of discomfort during blink suppression predicted observed discomfort much better than previously applied models. However, so did a model that simply reflected the mean time-discomfort curves from each subjects other trials. The TS group blinked more than twice as often during the blink suppression block, and reported higher baseline discomfort, smaller excursion from baseline to peak discomfort during the blink suppression block, and slower return of discomfort to baseline during the recovery block. Combining this approach with observed eye closure during fMRI blink suppression trials should therefore extract brain signal more tightly linked to the urge to blink.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Botteron, H. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richards, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bihun, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nishino, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acevedo, H. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koller, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Black, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/477372</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The urge to blink in Tourette syndrome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/478818v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanistic origin of cell-size control and homeostasis in bacteria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/478818v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Evolutionarily divergent bacteria share a common phenomenological strategy for cell-size homeostasis under steady-state conditions. In the presence of inherent physiological stochasticity, cells following this "adder" principle gradually return to their steady-state size by adding a constant volume between birth and division regardless of their size at birth. However, the mechanism of the adder has been unknown despite intense efforts. In this work, we show that the adder is a direct consequence of two general processes in biology: (1) threshold -- accumulation of initiators and precursors required for cell division to a respective fixed number, and (2) balanced biosynthesis -- maintenance of their production proportional to volume growth. This mechanism is naturally robust to static growth inhibition, but also allows us to "reprogram" cell-size homeostasis in a quantitatively predictive manner in both Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis. By generating dynamic oscillations in the concentration of the division protein FtsZ, we were able to oscillate cell size at division and systematically break the adder. In contrast, periodic induction of replication initiator protein DnaA caused oscillations in cell size at initiation, but did not alter division size or the adder. Finally, we were able to restore the adder phenotype in slow growing E. coli, the only known steady-state growth condition wherein E. coli significantly deviates from the adder, by repressing active degradation of division proteins. Together these results show that division and replication are independently controlled, and that division processes exclusively drive cell-size homeostasis in bacteria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Si, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Treut, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sauls, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vadia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levin, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/478818</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanistic origin of cell-size control and homeostasis in bacteria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/485342v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Co-opted transposons help perpetuate conserved higher-order chromosomal structures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/485342v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transposable elements (TEs) make up half of mammalian genomes and shape genome regulation by harboring binding sites for regulatory factors. These include architectural proteins--such as CTCF, RAD21 and SMC3--that are involved in tethering chromatin loops and marking domain boundaries. The 3D organization of the mammalian genome is intimately linked to its function and is remarkably conserved. However, the mechanisms by which these structural intricacies emerge and evolve have not been thoroughly probed. Here we show that TEs contribute extensively to both the formation of species-specific loops in humans and mice via deposition of novel anchoring motifs, as well as to the maintenance of conserved loops across both species via CTCF binding site turnover. The latter function demonstrates the ability of TEs to contribute to genome plasticity and reinforce conserved genome architecture as redundant loop anchors. Deleting such candidate TEs in human cells leads to a collapse of such conserved loop and domain structures. These TEs are also marked by reduced DNA methylation and bear mutational signatures of hypomethylation through evolutionary time. TEs have long been considered a source of genetic innovation; by examining their contribution to genome topology, we show that TEs can contribute to regulatory plasticity by inducing redundancy and potentiating genetic drift locally while conserving genome architecture globally, revealing a paradigm for defining regulatory conservation in the noncoding genome beyond classic sequence-level conservation.nnOne-sentence summaryCo-option of transposable elements maintains conserved 3D genome structures via CTCF binding site turnover in human and mouse.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Choudhary, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedman, R. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jang, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/485342</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Co-opted transposons help perpetuate conserved higher-order chromosomal structures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/486332v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell type-specific modulation of sensory and affective components of itch in the periaqueductal gray 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/486332v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Itch is a distinct aversive sensation that elicits a strong urge to scratch. Despite recent advances in our understanding of the peripheral basis of itch, we know very little regarding how central neural circuits modulate acute and chronic itch processing. Here we establish the causal contributions of defined periaqueductal gray (PAG) neuronal populations in itch modulation. Chemogenetic manipulations demonstrate bidirectional modulation of scratching by neurons in the PAG. Fiber photometry studies show that activity of GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons in the PAG is modulated in an opposing manner during chloroquine-evoked scratching. Furthermore, activation of PAG GABAergic neurons or inhibition of glutamatergic neurons resulted in attenuation of scratching in both acute and chronic pruritis. Surprisingly, PAG GABAergic neurons, but not glutamatergic neurons, seem to encode the aversive component of itch. Thus, the PAG represents a neuromodulatory hub that regulates both the sensory and affective aspects of acute and chronic itch.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Samineni, V. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grajales-Reyes, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sundaram, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gereau, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/486332</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell type-specific modulation of sensory and affective components of itch in the periaqueductal gray]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/487157v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell growth is an omniphenotype 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/487157v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Moores law states that computers get faster and less expensive over time. In contrast in biopharma, there is the reverse spelling, Erooms law, which states that drug discovery is getting slower and costing more money every year. Herein, we propose a solution to this problem. We put forth a consensus algorithm for inexpensively and rapidly prioritizing new factors of interest (e.g., a gene or drug) in human disease research. Specifically, we argue for synthetic interaction testing in mammalian cells using cell fitness - which reflect changes in cell number that could be due many effects - as a readout to judge the potential of the new factor. That is, if we combine perturbing a known factor with perturbing an unknown factor and they produce a synergistic, i.e., multiplicative rather than additive cell fitness phenotype, this justifies proceeding with the unknown gene/drug in more complex models where the known perturbation is already validated. This recommendation is backed by the following evidence we demonstrate herein: 1) human genes currently known to be important to cell fitness involve nearly all classifications of cellular and molecular processes; 2) Nearly all human genes important in cancer - a disease defined by altered cell number - are also important in other common diseases; 3) Many drugs affect a patients condition and the fitness of their cells comparably. We provide proof of concept of the Omniphenotype model using the widely used osteoporosis drug, bisphosphonates, implicating its mechanism of action (MoA) genes, ATRAID, SLC37A3, and FDPS, as potential gerotargets for neurodegenerative conditions. Taken together, these findings suggest cell fitness could be a broadly applicable phenotype for understanding gene, disease, and drug function. Measuring cell fitness is robust and requires little time and money. These are features that have long been capitalized on by pioneers using model organisms that we hope more mammalian biologists will recognize.

Short summaryCell fitness is a biological hash function that enables interoperability of biomedical data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Peterson, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/487157</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell growth is an omniphenotype]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/492793v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spontaneous driving forces give rise to protein-RNA condensates with coexisting phases and complex material properties 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/492793v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Collective phase transitions, including phase separation and gelation of multivalent protein and RNA molecules appears to underlie the biogenesis of biomolecular condensates such as membraneless organelles. In vivo, these condensates encompass hundreds of distinct types of molecules that are often organized into multi-layered structures supporting the differential partitioning of molecules into distinct regions with distinct material properties. The interplay between driven (active) versus spontaneous (passive) processes that are required for enabling the formation of condensates with coexisting layers of distinct material properties remains unclear. Here, we investigate the role of spontaneous driving forces as determinants of protein-RNA condensates with complex morphologies and distinct material properties. Through the use of systematic in vitro experiments and simulations based on coarse-grained models we find that that the collective interactions among the simplest, biologically relevant proteins and archetypal RNA molecules are sufficient for driving the spontaneous emergence of multi-layered condensates with distinct material properties. Our results demonstrate that key properties of protein-RNA condensates such as their overall morphologies, internal dynamics, and the selective partitioning of substrates are governed specific amino acid chemistries as well as RNA sequence and secondary structure. Our findings yield a clear set of heuristics regarding homo- and heterotypic interactions that are likely to be relevant for understanding the interplay between active and passive processes that control the formation of functional biomolecular condensates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Boeynaems, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weinhardt, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kovacs, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Lindt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larabell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Den Bosch, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tompa, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gitler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/492793</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spontaneous driving forces give rise to protein-RNA condensates with coexisting phases and complex material properties]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/498477v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell membrane potential fluctuations evince network scale-freeness and quasicriticality 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/498477v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
What information single neurons receive about general neural circuit activity is a fundamental question for neuroscience. Somatic membrane potential fluctuations are driven by the convergence of synaptic inputs from a diverse cross-section of upstream neurons. Furthermore, neural activity is often scale-free implying that some measurements should be the same, whether taken at large or small scales. Together, convergence and scale-freeness support the hypothesis that single membrane potential recordings carry useful information about high-dimensional cortical activity. Conveniently, the theory of "critical branching networks" (a purported explanation for scale-freeness) provides testable predictions about scale-free measurements which are readily applied to membrane potential fluctuations. To investigate, we obtained whole-cell current clamp recordings of pyramidal neurons in visual cortex of turtles with unknown genders. We isolated fluctuations in membrane potential below the firing threshold and analyzed them by adapting the definition of "neuronal avalanches" (spurts of population spiking). The membrane potential fluctuations we analyzed were scale-free and consistent with critical branching. These findings recapitulated results from large-scale cortical population data obtained separately in complementary experiments using microelectrode arrays (previously published (Shew et al., 2015)). Simultaneously recorded single-unit local field potential did not provide a good match; demonstrating the specific utility of membrane potential. Modeling shows that estimation of dynamical network properties from neuronal inputs is most accurate when networks are structured as critical branching networks. In conclusion, these findings extend evidence for critical branching while also establishing subthreshold pyramidal neuron membrane potential fluctuations as an informative gauge of high-dimensional cortical population activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Johnson, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wessel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/498477</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell membrane potential fluctuations evince network scale-freeness and quasicriticality]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/499558v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
G-OnRamp: A Galaxy-based platform for creating genome browsers for collaborative genome annotation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/499558v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryG-OnRamp provides a user-friendly, web-based platform for collaborative, end-to-end annotation of eukaryotic genomes using UCSC Assembly Hubs and JBrowse/Apollo genome browsers with evidence tracks derived from sequence alignments, ab initio gene predictors, RNA-Seq data, and repeat finders. Researchers can use the G-OnRamp output to visualize large genomics datasets, and can utilize the output to drive collaborative genome annotation projects in both research and educational settings.nnAvailability and ImplementationThe G-OnRamp virtual machine images and tutorials are freely available on the G-OnRamp web site (http://g-onramp.org/deployments). The G-OnRamp source code is freely available under an Academic Free License version 3.0 through the goeckslab GitHub repository (https://github.com/goeckslab).nnContactgoecksj@ohsu.edunnSupplementary information:
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sargent, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leung, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elgin, S. C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goecks, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/499558</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[G-OnRamp: A Galaxy-based platform for creating genome browsers for collaborative genome annotation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/501890v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fast Objective Coupled Planar Illumination Microscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/501890v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Among optical imaging techniques light sheet fluorescence microscopy stands out as one of the most attractive for capturing high-speed biological dynamics unfolding in three dimensions. The technique is potentially millions of times faster than point-scanning techniques such as two-photon microscopy. However current-generation light sheet microscopes are limited by volume scanning rate and/or camera frame rate. We present speed-optimized Objective Coupled Planar Illumination (OCPI) microscopy, a fast light sheet technique that avoids compromising image quality or photon efficiency. We increase volume scanning rate to 40 Hz for volumes up to 700 {micro}m thick and introduce Multi-Camera Image Sharing (MCIS), a technique to scale imaging rate by parallelizing acquisition across cameras. Finally, we demonstrate fast calcium imaging of the larval zebrafish brain and find a heartbeat-induced artifact that can be removed by filtering when the imaging rate exceeds 15 Hz. These advances extend the reach of fluorescence microscopy for monitoring fast processes in large volumes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Greer, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holy, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/501890</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fast Objective Coupled Planar Illumination Microscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/512467v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Influenza A virus surface proteins are organized to help penetrate host mucus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/512467v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Influenza A virus (IAV) enters cells by binding to sialic acid on the cell surface. To accomplish this while avoiding immobilization by sialic acid in host mucus, viruses rely on a balance between the receptor-binding protein hemagglutinin (HA) and the receptor-cleaving protein neuraminidase (NA). Although genetic aspects of this balance are well-characterized, little is known about how the spatial organization of these proteins in the viral envelope may contribute. Using site-specific fluorescent labeling and super-resolution microscopy, we show that HA and NA are asymmetrically distributed on the surface of filamentous viruses, creating an organization of binding and cleaving activities that causes viruses to step consistently away from their NA-rich pole. This Brownian ratchet-like diffusion produces persistent directional mobility that resolves the viruss conflicting needs to both penetrate mucus and stably attach to the underlying cells, and could contribute to the prevalence of the filamentous phenotype in clinical isolates of IAV.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vahey, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fletcher, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/512467</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Influenza A virus surface proteins are organized to help penetrate host mucus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/517599v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Domain-general Cognitive Core defined in Multimodally Parcellated Human Cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/517599v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Numerous brain imaging studies identified a domain-general or "multiple-demand" (MD) activation pattern accompanying many tasks and may play a core role in cognitive control. Though this finding is well established, the limited spatial localization provided by traditional imaging methods precluded a consensus regarding the precise anatomy, functional differentiation and connectivity of the MD system. To address these limitations, we used data from 449 subjects from the Human Connectome Project, with cortex of each individual parcellated using neurobiologically grounded multi-modal MRI features. The conjunction of three cognitive contrasts reveals a core of 10 widely distributed MD parcels per hemisphere that are most strongly activated and functionally interconnected, surrounded by a penumbra of 17 additional areas. Outside cerebral cortex, MD activation is most prominent in the caudate and cerebellum. Comparison with canonical resting state networks shows MD regions concentrated in the fronto-parietal network but also engaging three other networks. MD activations show modest relative task preferences accompanying strong co-recruitment. With distributed anatomical organization, mosaic functional preferences, and strong interconnectivity, we suggest MD regions are well positioned to integrate and assemble the diverse components of cognitive operations. Our precise delineation of MD regions provides a basis for refined analyses of their functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Assem, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glasser, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Essen, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duncan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/517599</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Domain-general Cognitive Core defined in Multimodally Parcellated Human Cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/518712v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Resting multivoxel activity patterns in human visual cortex are linked to patterns evoked by preferred visual stimuli 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/518712v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The function of spontaneous brain activity is an important issue in neuroscience. Here we test the hypothesis that patterns of spontaneous activity code representational patterns evoked by stimuli and tasks. We compared in human visual cortex multi-vertex patterns of spontaneous activity to patterns evoked by ecological visual stimuli (faces, bodies, scenes) and low-level visual features (e.g. phase-scrambled faces). Specifically, we identified regions that preferred particular stimulus categories during localizer scans (e.g. extra-striate body area for bodies), measured multi-vertex patterns for each category during event-related task scans, and then correlated over vertices these stimulus-evoked patterns to the pattern measured on each frame of resting-state scans. The mean correlation coefficient was essentially zero for all regions/stimulus categories, indicating that resting multi-vertex patterns were not biased toward particular stimulus-evoked patterns. However, the spread of correlation coefficients between stimulus-evoked and resting patterns, i.e. both positive and negative, was significantly greater for the preferred stimulus category of an ROI (e.g. body category in body-preferring ROIs). The relationship between spontaneous and stimulus-evoked multi-vertex patterns also governed the temporal correlation or functional connectivity of patterns of spontaneous activity between individual regions (pattern-based functional connectivity). Resting patterns related to an object category fluctuated preferentially between ROIs preferring the same category, and patterns related to different categories fluctuated independently within their respective preferred ROIs (e.g. body- and scene-related multi-vertex patterns within body- and scene-preferring ROIs). These results support the general proposal that spontaneous multi-vertex activity patterns are linked to stimulus-evoked patterns, consistent with a representational function for spontaneous activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Livne, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metcalf, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbetta, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shulman, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/518712</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Resting multivoxel activity patterns in human visual cortex are linked to patterns evoked by preferred visual stimuli]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/520445v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microtubule bundling by MAP65-1 protects against severing by inhibiting the binding of katanin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/520445v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The microtubule-severing enzyme katanin regulates the organization and turnover of microtubule arrays by the localized breakdown of microtubule polymers. In land plants, katanin (KTN1) activity is essential for the formation of linearly organized cortical microtubule arrays which determine the axis of cell expansion. Cell biological studies have shown that even though KTN1 binds to the sidewalls of single and bundled microtubules, severing activity is restricted to microtubule crossover and nucleation sites, indicating that cells contain protective mechanisms to prevent indiscriminate microtubule severing. Here, we show that the microtubule bundling protein MAP65-1 inhibits KTN1-mediated microtubule severing in vitro. Severing is inhibited at bundled microtubule segments and the severing rate of non-bundled microtubules is reduced by MAP65-1 in a concentration-dependent manner. Using various MAP65-1 mutant proteins, we demonstrate that efficient crosslinking of microtubules is crucial for this protective effect and that microtubule binding alone is not sufficient. Reduced severing due to microtubule bundling by MAP65-1 correlated to decreased binding of KTN1 to these microtubules. Taken together, our work reveals that crosslinking of microtubules by MAP65-1 confers resistance to severing by inhibiting the binding of katanin and identifies the structural features of MAP65-1 that are important for this activity.nnHighlight SummaryCortical microtubule bundles resist severing in vivo. Here, we show that crosslinking of microtubules by MAP65-1 inhibits severing in a dose-dependent manner by preventing katanin from binding to these microtubules.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Burkart, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixit, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/520445</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microtubule bundling by MAP65-1 protects against severing by inhibiting the binding of katanin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/521005v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Drosophila ERG channel seizure plays a role in the neuronal homeostatic stress response 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/521005v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuronal physiology is particularly sensitive to acute stressors that affect excitability, many of which can trigger seizures and epilepsies. Although intrinsic neuronal homeostasis plays an important role in maintaining overall nervous system robustness and its resistance to stressors, the specific genetic and molecular mechanisms that underlie these processes are not well understood. Here we used a reverse genetic approach in Drosophila to test the hypothesis that specific voltage-gated ion channels contribute to neuronal homeostasis, robustness, and stress resistance. We found that the activity of the voltage-gated potassium channel seizure (sei), an ortholog of the mammalian ERG channel family, is essential for protecting flies from acute heat-induced seizures. Although sei is broadly expressed in the nervous system, our data indicate that its impact on the organismal robustness to acute environmental stress is primarily mediated via its action in excitatory neurons, the octopaminergic system, as well as glia. Furthermore, our studies suggest that human mutations in the human ERG channel (hERG), which have been primarily implicated in the cardiac Long QT Syndrome (LQTS), may also contribute to the high incidence of seizures in LQTS patients via a cardiovascular-independent neurogenic pathway.nnAuthor SummaryNeurons are extremely sensitive to diverse environmental stressors, including rapid changes in the ambient temperature. To buffer stress, all animals have evolved diverse physiological mechanisms to protect neuronal activity from acute and chronic stressors, and failures of these safeguards often lead to hyperexcitability, episodic seizures, and chronic epilepsy. Although seizures and related syndromes are common, their underlying molecular and genetic factors, and their interactions with environmental triggers, remain mostly unknown. Here, we show that in the fruit fly, mutations in the ERG voltage-gated potassium channel seizure (sei), an ortholog of the human hERG channel that has been previously implicated in the cardiac Long-QT syndrome, could also increase seizure susceptibility. We demonstrate that in addition to its cardiac expression, the sei channel is broadly expressed in the nervous system, specifically localized to axonal projections, and is specifically required in excitatory and modulatory neurons, as well as non-neuronal glia for maintaining organismal resistance to heat-induced seizures. Thus, our work suggests that the previously reported increase in seizure susceptibility in individuals with mutations in hERG are likely directly related to its neuronal action, independent of its cardiac function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hill, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben-Shahar, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/521005</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Drosophila ERG channel seizure plays a role in the neuronal homeostatic stress response]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/521047v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanism of microtubule plus-end tracking by the plant-specific SPR1 protein and its development as a versatile plus-end marker 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/521047v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The dynamics and functions of microtubule plus-ends are governed by microtubule plus-end tracking proteins (+TIPs). Here, we report that the diminutive Arabidopsis thaliana SPIRAL1 (SPR1) protein, which regulates directional cell expansion, is an autonomous +TIP. Using in vitro reconstitution experiments and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, we demonstrate that the conserved N-terminal domain of SPR1 and its GGG motif are necessary for +TIP activity, whereas the conserved C-terminal domain and its PGGG motif are not. In addition, we show that the N-and C-terminal domains, either separated or in tandem, are sufficient for +TIP activity and do not significantly perturb microtubule plus-end dynamics compared to full-length SPR1. We also found that exogenously expressed SPR1-GFP and NC-GFP label microtubule plus-ends in animal cells. These data establish SPR1 as a new type of intrinsic +TIP and demonstrate its utility as a universal microtubule plus-end marker.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Balkunde, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foroughi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ewan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emenecker, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cavalli, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixit, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/521047</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanism of microtubule plus-end tracking by the plant-specific SPR1 protein and its development as a versatile plus-end marker]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/522565v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effects of Standing on Spinal Alignment and Lumbar Intervertebral Discs in Young, Healthy Individuals Determined by Positional Magnetic Resonance Imaging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/522565v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Traditional diagnostic imaging of the spine is performed in supine, a relatively unloaded position. However, the spine is subjected to complex loading environments in daily activities such as standing. Therefore, we seek to quantify the changes from supine to standing in the spines of young, healthy individuals in standing using a positional MRI system. This is an observational study that examined the changes in the spine and individual intervertebral discs (IVDs) during supine and standing of forty healthy participants (19 males / 21 females) without a history of low back pain. The regional lumbar spinal alignment was measured by the sagittal Cobb angle. Segmental IVD measurements included the segmental Cobb angle, anterior to posterior height (A/P) ratio, and IVD width measured at each L1/L2 - L5/S1 levels. The intra-observer intra-class correlation (ICC) consistency model showed values for measurements ranged from 0.76-0.98. The inter-observer ICC values ranged from 0.68-0.99. The Cobb angle decreased in standing. The L5/S1 segmental Cobb angle decreased in standing. The L2/L3 and L3/L4 A/P ratios increased and the L5/S1 A/P ratio decreased in standing. No differences in IVD width were observed from supine to standing. This study examined the regional lumbar spinal alignment and segmental IVD changes from supine to standing in young, healthy individuals without LBP using pMRI. In developing and validating these measurements, we have also established the normative data for healthy, asymptomatic population that could be useful for other investigations examining how individuals with spinal or IVD pathologies may adapt between supine and standing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Weber, C. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwang, C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Dillen, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/522565</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effects of Standing on Spinal Alignment and Lumbar Intervertebral Discs in Young, Healthy Individuals Determined by Positional Magnetic Resonance Imaging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/523944v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Spiking Neuron and Population Model based on the Growth Transform Dynamical System 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/523944v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In neuromorphic engineering, neural populations are generally modeled in a bottom-up manner, where individual neuron models are connected through synapses to form large-scale spiking networks. Alternatively, a top-down approach treats the process of spike generation and neural representation of excitation in the context of minimizing some measure of network energy. However, these approaches usually define the energy functional in terms of some statistical measure of spiking activity (ex. firing rates), which does not allow independent control and optimization of neurodynamical parameters. In this paper, we introduce a new spiking neuron and population model where the dynamical and spiking responses of neurons can be derived directly from a network objective or energy functional of continuous-valued neural variables like the membrane potential. The key advantage of the model is that it allows for independent control over three neuro-dynamical properties: (a) control over the steady-state population dynamics that encodes the minimum of an exact network energy functional; (b) control over the shape of the action potentials generated by individual neurons in the network without affecting the network minimum; and (c) control over spiking statistics and transient population dynamics without affecting the network minimum or the shape of action potentials. At the core of the proposed model are different variants of Growth Transform dynamical systems that produce stable and interpretable population dynamics, irrespective of the network size and the type of neuronal connectivity (inhibitory or excitatory). In this paper, we present several examples where the proposed model has been configured to produce different types of single-neuron dynamics as well as population dynamics. In one such example, the network is shown to adapt such that it encodes the steady-state solution using a reduced number of spikes upon convergence to the optimal solution. In this paper we use this network to construct a spiking associative memory that uses fewer spikes compared to conventional architectures, while maintaining high recall accuracy at high memory loads.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gangopadhyay, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehta, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakrabartty, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/523944</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Spiking Neuron and Population Model based on the Growth Transform Dynamical System]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/525121v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Vocal Transmission of Breeding Status May Facilitate Dispersal in a Cooperative Breeding Primate 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/525121v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Social complexity may drive complexity in communicative systems due to an individual's need to navigate unpredictable interactions with multiple conspecifics. Cooperative breeding primates (marmosets and tamarins; family: Callitrichidae) live in groups with moderate to high reproductive skew, particularly in females, whereby sexually mature individuals are frequently prevented from breeding. Remarkably, dispersal from natal groups is not stereotyped upon reaching reproductive maturity. Individuals are often observed remaining in their natal groups until the same-sex breeder in their group or a neighboring group dies, experiencing hormonal reproductive suppression, aggression, and limited access to potential mates. Here we examined whether emperor tamarins (Saguinus imperator) might use vocal signals to reduce dispersal risks and maximize the likelihood of attaining a breeding position. Using six consecutive years of mark-recapture data, we showed that sexually mature non-breeders (herein "secondary breeders") are more likely to leave their groups from one year to the next than sexually mature breeders ("primary breeders"). This confirmed that, unlike primary breeders who do not need to disperse in order to reproduce, secondary breeders are choosing to accept the risks associated with dispersal and emigrating from their natal groups. We used neural networks to classify vocalizations according to individual breeding status, and conducted a series of playback experiments which demonstrated that tamarins discriminated between the calls of primary and secondary breeders. Our data support the hypotheses that secondary breeders disperse to increase mating opportunities and use vocalizations to signal their availability to potential mates. This species of cooperative breeder appears to use vocalization to navigate its social and reproductive systems, minimizing risks of dispersal and in turn increasing the likelihood of reproductive success. This research has important implications for our understanding of sexual signaling, partner choice, and reproductive success in cooperative breeders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Robakis, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erkenswick, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watsa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/525121</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Vocal Transmission of Breeding Status May Facilitate Dispersal in a Cooperative Breeding Primate]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/530279v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Erroneous inference based on a lack of preference within one group: autism, mice, and the Social Approach Task. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/530279v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Social Approach Task is commonly used to identify sociability deficits when modeling liability factors for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in mice. It was developed to expand upon assays available to examine distinct aspects of social behavior in rodents and has become a standard component of mouse ASD-relevant phenotyping pipelines. However, there is variability in the statistical analysis and interpretation of results from this task. A common analytical approach is to conduct within-group comparisons only, and then interpret a difference in significance levels as if it were a group difference, without any direct comparison. As an efficient shorthand, we named this approach EWOCs: Erroneous Within-group Only Comparisons. Here we examined the prevalence of EWOCs and used simulations to test whether it could produce misleading inferences. Our review of Social Approach studies of high-confidence ASD genes revealed 45% of papers sampled used only this analytical approach. Through simulations, we then demonstrate how a lack of significant difference within one group often doesnt correspond to a significant difference between groups, and show this erroneous interpretation increases the rate of false positives up to 25%. Finally, we define a simple solution: use an index, like a social preference score, with direct statistical comparisons between groups to identify significant differences. We also provide power calculations to guide sample size in future studies. Overall, elimination of EWOCs and adoption of direct comparisons should result in more accurate, reliable, and reproducible data interpretations from the Social Approach Task across ASD liability models.

Lay SummaryThe Social Approach Task is widely used to assess social behavior in mice and is frequently used in studies modeling autism. However, reviewing published studies showed nearly half do not use correct comparisons to interpret the data. Using simulated and original data, we argue the correct statistical approach is a direct comparison of scores between groups. This simple solution should reduce false positives and improve consistency of results across studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nygaard, K. R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maloney, S. E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/530279</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Erroneous inference based on a lack of preference within one group: autism, mice, and the Social Approach Task.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/530345v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Codon clusters with biased synonymous codon usage represent hidden functional domains in protein-coding DNA sequences 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/530345v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
1.Protein-coding DNA sequences are thought to primarily affect phenotypes via the peptides they encode. Yet, emerging data suggest that, although they do not affect protein sequences, synonymous mutations can cause phenotypic changes. Previously, we have shown that signatures of selection on gene-specific codons usage bias are common in genomes of diverse eukaryotic species. Thus, synonymous codon usage, just as amino acid usage pattern, is likely a regular target of natural selection. Consequently, here we propose the hypothesis that at least for some protein-coding genes, codon clusters with biased synonymous codon usage patterns might represent "hidden" nucleic-acid-level functional domains that affect the action of the corresponding proteins via diverse hypothetical mechanisms. To test our hypothesis, we used computational approaches to identify over 3,000 putatively functional codon clusters (PFCCs) with biased usage patterns in about 1,500 protein-coding genes in the Drosophila melanogaster genome. Specifically, our data suggest that these PFCCs are likely associated with specific categories of gene function, including enrichment in genes that encode membrane-bound and secreted proteins. Yet, the majority of the PFCCs that we have identified are not associated with previously annotated functional protein domains. Although the specific functional significance of the majority of the PFCCs we have identified remains unknown, we show that in the highly conserved family of voltage-gated sodium channels, the existence of rare-codon cluster(s) in the nucleic-acid region that encodes the cytoplasmic loop that constitutes inactivation gate is conserved across paralogs as well as orthologs across distant animal species. Together, our findings suggest that codon clusters with biased usage patterns likely represent "hidden" nucleic-acid-level functional domains that cannot be simply predicted from the amino acid sequences they encode. Therefore, it is likely that on the evolutionary timescale, protein-coding DNA sequences are shaped by both amino-acid-dependent and codon-usage-dependent selective forces.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Peng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben-Shahar, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/530345</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Codon clusters with biased synonymous codon usage represent hidden functional domains in protein-coding DNA sequences]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/534412v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stool-derived eukaryotic RNA biomarkers for detection of high-risk adenomas 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/534412v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Background and aimsColorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths in the United States. Mortality is largely attributable to low patient compliance with screening and a subsequent high frequency of late-stage diagnoses. Noninvasive methods, such as stool- or blood-based diagnostics could improve patient compliance, however, existing techniques cannot adequately detect high-risk adenomas (HRAs) and early-stage CRC.

MethodsHere we apply cancer profiling using amplicon sequencing of stool-derived eukaryotic RNA for 275 patients undergoing prospective CRC screening. A training set of 154 samples was used to build a random forest model that included 4 feature types (differentially expressed amplicons, total RNA expression, demographic information, and fecal immunochemical test results). An independent hold out test set of 121 patients was used to assess model performance.

ResultsWhen applied to the 121-patient hold out test set, the model attained a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) of 0.94 for CRC and a ROC AUC of 0.87 for CRC and HRAs. In aggregate, the model achieved a 91 % sensitivity for CRC and a 73% sensitivity for HRAs at an 89% specificity for all other findings (medium-risk adenomas, low-risk adenomas, benign polyps, and no findings on a colonoscopy).

ConclusionCollectively, these results indicate that in addition to early CRC detection, stool-derived biomarkers can accurately and noninvasively identify HRAs, which could be harnessed to prevent CRC development for asymptomatic, average-risk patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barnell, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnell, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kruse, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wurtzler, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffith, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaudhuri, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffith, O. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/534412</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stool-derived eukaryotic RNA biomarkers for detection of high-risk adenomas]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/538504v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transposon-mediated, cell type-specific transcription factor recording in the mouse brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/538504v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcription factors (TFs) play a central role in the regulation of gene expression, controlling everything from cell fate decisions to activity dependent gene expression. However, widely-used methods for TF profiling in vivo (e.g. ChIP-seq) yield only an aggregated picture of TF binding across all cell types present within the harvested tissue; thus, it is challenging or impossible to determine how the same TF might bind different portions of the genome in different cell types, or even to identify its binding events at all in rare cell types in a complex tissue such as the brain. Here we present a versatile methodology, FLEX Calling Cards, for the mapping of TF occupancy in specific cell types from heterogenous tissues. In this method, the TF of interest is fused to a hyperactive piggyBac transposase (hypPB), and this bipartite gene is delivered, along with donor transposons, to mouse tissue via a Cre-dependent adeno-associated virus (AAV). The fusion protein is expressed in Cre-expressing cells where it inserts transposon "Calling Cards" near to TF binding sites. These transposons permanently mark TF binding events and can be mapped using high-throughput sequencing. Alternatively, unfused hypPB interacts with and records the binding of the super enhancer (SE)-associated bromodomain protein, Brd4. To demonstrate the FLEX Calling Card method, we first show that donor transposon and transposase constructs can be efficiently delivered to the postnatal day 1 (P1) mouse brain with AAV and that insertion profiles report TF occupancy. Then, using a Cre-dependent hypPB virus, we show utility of this tool in defining cell type-specific TF profiles in multiple cell types of the brain. This approach will enable important cell type-specific studies of TF-mediated gene regulation in the brain and will provide valuable insights into brain development, homeostasis, and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cammack, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moudgil, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lagunas, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasek, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shabsovich, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilkinson, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitra, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/538504</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transposon-mediated, cell type-specific transcription factor recording in the mouse brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/538553v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Self-reporting transposons enable simultaneous readout of gene expression and transcription factor binding in single cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/538553v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In situ measurements of transcription factor (TF) binding are confounded by cellular heterogeneity and represent averaged profiles in complex tissues. Single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) is capable of resolving different cell types based on gene expression profiles, but no technology exists to directly link specific cell types to the binding pattern of TFs in those cell types. Here, we present self-reporting transposons (SRTs) and their use in single cell calling cards (scCC), a novel assay for simultaneously capturing gene expression profiles and mapping TF binding sites in single cells. First, we show how the genomic locations of SRTs can be recovered from mRNA. Next, we demonstrate that SRTs deposited by the piggyBac transposase can be used to map the genome-wide localization of the TFs SP1, through a direct fusion of the two proteins, and BRD4, through its native affinity for piggyBac. We then present the scCC method, which maps SRTs from scRNA-seq libraries, thus enabling concomitant identification of cell types and TF binding sites in those same cells. As a proof-of-concept, we show recovery of cell type-specific BRD4 and SP1 binding sites from cultured cells. Finally, we map Brd4 binding sites in the mouse cortex at single cell resolution, thus establishing a new technique for studying TF biology in situ.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moudgil, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilkinson, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cammack, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasek, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lagunas, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitra, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/538553</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Self-reporting transposons enable simultaneous readout of gene expression and transcription factor binding in single cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/545608v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hippocampal Activity Dynamics During Contextual Reward Association in Virtual Reality Place Conditioning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/545608v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Exposure to environmental contexts associated with drug use can induce cravings that promote continued use and/or relapse. Opioid abuse is marked by high relapse rates, suggesting that contextual memories formed during opioid use may be particularly strong. While it is known that reward-seeking behavior is controlled by the mesolimbic reward circuit, little is understood about how contextual memories are altered by drug use. The dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) is necessary for multiple types of contextual learning and the place-specific activity of CA1 place cells map out space in a given environment. Here we examined the neuronal representation of context as animals developed morphine-paired environmental associations using a conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. To investigate changes in the hippocampal encoding before, during, and after drug-pairing, we developed a virtual reality (VR) morphine CPP (Mor-CPP) paradigm and used in vivo two-photon calcium imaging to record the activity of CA1 pyramidal neurons. We found increased activity in rewarded contexts following real-time operant conditioning with water rewards, but not after Mor-CPP training, suggesting different neural encoding mechanisms for natural reinforcers and morphine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Williams, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arriaga, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Post, W. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korgaonkar, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moron, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/545608</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hippocampal Activity Dynamics During Contextual Reward Association in Virtual Reality Place Conditioning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/548404v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Computational tool to study perturbations in muscle regulation and its application to heart disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/548404v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Striated muscle contraction occurs when myosin thick filaments bind to thin filaments in the sarcomere and generate pulling forces. This process is regulated by calcium, and it can be perturbed by pathological conditions (e.g., myopathies), physiological adaptations (e.g., {beta}-adrenergic stimulation), and pharmacological interventions. Therefore, it is important to have a methodology to robustly determine the mechanism of these perturbations and statistically evaluate their effects. Here, we present an approach to measure the equilibrium constants that govern muscle activation, estimate uncertainty in these parameters, and statistically test the effects of perturbations. We provide a MATLAB-based computational tool for these analyses, along with easy-to-follow tutorials that make this approach accessible. The hypothesis testing and error estimation approaches described here are broadly applicable, and the provided tools work with other types of data, including cellular measurements. To demonstrate the utility of the approach, we apply it to determine the biophysical mechanism of a mutation that causes familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. This approach is generally useful for studying the mechanisms of muscle diseases and therapeutic interventions that target muscle contraction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barrick, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clippinger, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenberg, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenberg, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/548404</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Computational tool to study perturbations in muscle regulation and its application to heart disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/555391v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Disrupted mechanobiology links the molecular and cellular phenotypes in familial dilated cardiomyopathy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/555391v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Familial dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a leading cause of sudden cardiac death and a major indicator for heart transplant. The disease is frequently caused by mutations of sarcomeric proteins; however, it is not well understood how these molecular mutations lead to alterations in cellular organization and contractility. To address this critical gap in our knowledge, we studied the molecular and cellular consequences of a DCM mutation in troponin-T, {Delta}K210. We determined the molecular mechanism of {Delta}K210 and used computational modeling to predict that the mutation should reduce the force per sarcomere. In mutant cardiomyocytes, we found that {Delta}K210 not only reduces contractility, but also causes cellular hypertrophy and impairs cardiomyocytes ability to adapt to changes in substrate stiffness (e.g., heart tissue fibrosis that occurs with aging and disease). These results link the molecular and cellular phenotypes and implicate alterations in mechanosensing as an important factor in the development of DCM.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Clippinger, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cloonan, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenberg, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ernst, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stump, W. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenberg, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/555391</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Disrupted mechanobiology links the molecular and cellular phenotypes in familial dilated cardiomyopathy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/561076v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Signaling Network based Computational Model to Uncover Loop as the Novel Molecular Mechanisms for Medulloblastoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/561076v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. Despite aggressive therapy, about one-third of patients with MB still die, and survivors suffer severe long-term side effects due to the treatments. The poor post-treatment outcomes are tightly linked to unpredictable drug resistance. Therefore, before developing robust single drug or drug combination recommendation algorithms, uncovering the underlying protein-protein interaction (PPI) network patterns that accurately explain and predict drug resistances for MB subtypes is essential and important. In this study, we hypothesize that the loop sub-structure within the PPI network can explain and predict drug resistance. Both static and dynamic models are built to evaluate this hypothesis for three MB subtypes. Specifically, a static model is created to first validate that many reported therapeutic targets are located topologically on highly deregulated loop sub-structure and then to characterize the loop for tumors without treatment. Next, with the after-treatment time-series genomics data, a dynamic hidden Markov model (HMM) with newly designed initialization scheme estimates the successful and unsuccessful occurrence probabilities for each given PPI and then re-delineates the loop for post-treatment tumors. Finally, the comparison of loop structures pre- and post-treatment distinguishes effective and ineffective treatment options, demonstrating that the loop sub-structure is capable of interpreting the mechanism of drug resistance. In summary, effective treatments show much stronger inhibition of cell cycle and DNA replication proteins when compared to ineffective treatments after considering the cross talk of multiple pathways (the loop).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/561076</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Signaling Network based Computational Model to Uncover Loop as the Novel Molecular Mechanisms for Medulloblastoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/563866v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sequencing of 53,831 diverse genomes from the NHLBI TOPMed Program 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/563866v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Summary paragraphThe Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program seeks to elucidate the genetic architecture and disease biology of heart, lung, blood, and sleep disorders, with the ultimate goal of improving diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. The initial phases of the program focus on whole genome sequencing of individuals with rich phenotypic data and diverse backgrounds. Here, we describe TOPMed goals and design as well as resources and early insights from the sequence data. The resources include a variant browser, a genotype imputation panel, and sharing of genomic and phenotypic data via dbGaP. In 53,581 TOPMed samples, >400 million single-nucleotide and insertion/deletion variants were detected by alignment with the reference genome. Additional novel variants are detectable through assembly of unmapped reads and customized analysis in highly variable loci. Among the >400 million variants detected, 97% have frequency <1% and 46% are singletons. These rare variants provide insights into mutational processes and recent human evolutionary history. The nearly complete catalog of genetic variation in TOPMed studies provides unique opportunities for exploring the contributions of rare and non-coding sequence variants to phenotypic variation. Furthermore, combining TOPMed haplotypes with modern imputation methods improves the power and extends the reach of nearly all genome-wide association studies to include variants down to ~0.01% in frequency.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Taliun, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, D. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kessler, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szpiech, Z. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torres, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gagliano Taliun, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corvelo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gogarten, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Min Kang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pitsillides, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LeFaive, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.-b.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Browning, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emde, A.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clarke, W. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loesch, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shetty, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blackwell, T. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguet, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albert, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alonso, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ardlie, K. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aslibekyan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Auer, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnard, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barr, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becker, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beer, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benjamin, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bielak, L. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blangero, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boehnke, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowden, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brody, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burchard, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cade, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casella, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chalazan, B. L</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/563866</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sequencing of 53,831 diverse genomes from the NHLBI TOPMed Program]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/566687v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PCH1 regulates light, temperature, and circadian signaling as a structural component of phytochrome B-photobodies in Arabidopsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/566687v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The phytochrome (phy) family of bilin-containing photoreceptors are major regulators of plant photomorphogenesis through their unique ability to photointerconvert between a biologically inactive red light-absorbing Pr state and an active far-red light{-}absorbing Pfr state. While the initial steps in Pfr signaling are unclear, an early event for the phyB isoform after photoconversion is its redistribution from the cytoplasm into subnuclear foci named photobodies (PBs) that dissipate after Pfr reverts back to Pr by far-red irradiation or by temperature-dependent non-photochemical reversion. Here we present evidence that PHOTOPERIODIC CONTROL OF HYPOCOTYL 1 (PCH1) functions both as an essential structural component of phyB-containing PBs and as a direct regulator of thermal reversion that is sufficient to stabilize phyB as Pfr in vitro. By examining the genetic interaction between a constitutively active phyBY276H-YFP allele (YHB-YFP) and PCH1, we show that the loss of PCH1 prevents YHB from coalescing into PBs without affecting its nuclear localization, whereas overexpression of PCH1 dramatically increases PB levels. Loss of PCH1, presumably by impacting phyB-PB assembly, compromises a number of events elicited in YHB-YFP plants, including their constitutive photomorphogenic phenotype, red light-regulated thermomorphogenesis, and input of phyB into the circadian clock. Conversely, elevated levels of both phyB and PCH1 generate stable, yet far red-light reversible PBs that persisted for days. Collectively, our data demonstrate that the assembly of PCHl-containing PBs is critical for phyB signaling to multiple outputs, and suggest that altering PB dynamics could be exploited to modulate plant responses to light and temperature.nnSignificanceIn Arabidopsis, phytochrome B (phyB) perceives light and temperature signals to regulate various fundamental morphogenic processes in plants through its interconversion between its active Pfr and inactive Pr states. Upon photoconversion from Pr to Pfr, phyB forms subnuclear foci called photobodies, whose composition and molecular function(s) are unclear. We show here that the phyB-interacting protein PCH1 is a structural component of phyB-photobodies and protects Pfr from thermal reversion back to Pr thus helping maintain phyB signaling. Loss of PCH1 compromises photobody formation, which disrupts a number of downstream events including photo- and thermal perception and signaling into the circadian clock. These results demonstrate that forming PCHl-dependent phyB-photobodies is an essential step connecting light and temperature to controls on plant morphogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McLoughlin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorkin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burgie, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bindbeutel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vierstra, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nusinow, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/566687</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PCH1 regulates light, temperature, and circadian signaling as a structural component of phytochrome B-photobodies in Arabidopsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/571059v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Short translational ramp determines efficiency of protein synthesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/571059v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
It is generally assumed that translation efficiency is governed by translation initiation. However, the efficiency of protein synthesis is regulated by multiple factors including tRNA abundance, codon composition, mRNA motifs and amino-acid sequence1-4. These factors influence the rate of protein synthesis beyond the initiation phase of translation, typically by modulating the rate of peptide-bond formation and to a lesser extent that of translocation. The slowdown in translation during the early elongation phase, known as the 5 translational ramp, likely contributes to the efficiency of protein synthesis 5-9. Multiple mechanisms, which could explain the molecular basis for this translational ramp, have been proposed that include tRNA abundance bias6,9, the rate of translation initiation10-15, mRNA and ribosome structure 11,12,14,16-18, or retention of initiation factors during early elongation events 19. Here, we show that the amount of synthesized protein (translation efficiency) depends on a short translational ramp that comprises the first 5 codons in mRNA. Using a library of more than 250,000 reporter sequences combined with in vitro and in vivo protein expression assays, we show that differences in the short ramp can lead to 3 to 4 orders of magnitude changes in protein abundance. The observed difference is not dependent on tRNA abundance, efficiency of translation initiation, or overall mRNA structure. Instead, we show that translation is regulated by amino-acid-sequence composition and local mRNA sequence. Single-molecule measurements of translation kinetics indicate substantial pausing of ribosome and abortion of protein synthesis on the 4th or 5th codon for distinct amino acid or nucleotide compositions. Introduction of preferred sequence motifs, only at the exact positions within the mRNA, improves protein synthesis for recombinant proteins, indicating an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for controlling translational efficiency.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Verma, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cottrell, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavagnino, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pavlovic Djuranovic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szczesny, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piston, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaher, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puglisi, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Djuranovic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/571059</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Short translational ramp determines efficiency of protein synthesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/575167v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The genetic architecture of sporadic and recurrent miscarriage 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/575167v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Miscarriage is a common complex trait that affects 10-25% of clinically confirmed pregnancies1,2. Here we present the first large-scale genetic association analyses with 69,118 cases from five different ancestries for sporadic miscarriage and 750 cases of European ancestry for recurrent miscarriage, and up to 359,469 female controls. We identify one genome-wide significant association on chromosome 13 (rs146350366, minor allele frequency (MAF) 1.2%, Pmeta=3.2x -8 (CI) 1.2-1.6) for sporadic miscarriage in our European ancestry meta-analysis (50,060 cases and 174,109 controls), located near FGF9 involved in pregnancy maintenance3 and progesterone production4. Additionally, we identified three genome-wide significant associations for recurrent miscarriage, including a signal on chromosome 9 (rs7859844, MAF=6.4%, Pmeta=1.3x -8 in controlling extravillous trophoblast motility5. We further investigate the genetic architecture of miscarriage with biobank-scale Mendelian randomization, heritability and, genetic correlation analyses. Our results implicate that miscarriage etiopathogenesis is partly driven by genetic variation related to gonadotropin regulation, placental biology and progesterone production.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Laisk, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soares, A. L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferreira, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Painter, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laber, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bacelis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lepamets, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Millwood, I. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Southcombe, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersen, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becker, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Byberg-Grauholm, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helgeland, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hougaard, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johansson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juodakis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kartsonaki, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kukushkina, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lind, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metspalu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montgomery, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mortensen, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Njolstad, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nyholt, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lippincott, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seminara, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salumets, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snieder, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zondervan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conrad, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobsson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, N. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nea</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/575167</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The genetic architecture of sporadic and recurrent miscarriage]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/575423v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CytoGPS: A Web-Enabled Karyotype Analysis Tool for Cytogenetics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/575423v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Karyotype data are the most common form of genetic data that is regularly used clinically. They are collected as part of the standard of care in many diseases, particularly in pediatric and cancer medicine contexts. Karyotypes are represented in a unique text-based format, with a syntax defined by the International System for human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (ISCN). While human-readable, ISCN is not intrinsically machine-readable. This limitation has prevented the full use of complex karyotype data in discovery science use cases. To enhance the utility and value of karyotype data, we developed a tool named CytoGPS. CytoGPS first parses ISCN karyotypes into a machine-readable format. It then converts the ISCN karyotype into a binary Loss-Gain-Fusion (LGF) model, which represents all cytogenetic abnormalities as combinations of loss, gain, or fusion events, in a format that is analyzable using modern computational methods. Such data is then made available for comprehensive "downstream" analyses that previously were not feasible.nnAvailability and ImplementationFreely available at https://cytogps.orgnnContactprpayne@wustl.edunnSupplementary informationNot applicable
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Abrams, Z. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abruzzo, L. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heerema, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dillon, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coombes, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payne, P. R. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/575423</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CytoGPS: A Web-Enabled Karyotype Analysis Tool for Cytogenetics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/576322v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Visual recognition of the female body axis drives spatial elements of male courtship in Drosophila melanogaster 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/576322v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Like other mating behaviors, the courtship ritual exhibited by male Drosophila towards a virgin female is comprised of spatiotemporal sequences of innate behavioral elements. Yet, the specific stimuli and neural circuits that determine when and where males release individual courtship elements are not well understood. Here, we investigated the role of visual object recognition in the release of specific behavioral elements during bouts of male courtship. By using a computer vision and machine learning based approach for high-resolution analyses of the male courtship ritual, we show that the release of distinct behavioral elements occur at stereotyped locations around the female and depends on the ability of males to recognize visual landmarks present on the female. Specifically, we show that independent of female motion, males utilize unique populations of visual projection neurons to recognize the eyes of a target female, which is essential for the release of courtship behaviors at their appropriate spatial locations. Together, these results provide a mechanistic explanation for how relatively simple visual cues could play a role in driving both spatially- and temporally-complex social interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McKinney, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben-Shahar, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/576322</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Visual recognition of the female body axis drives spatial elements of male courtship in Drosophila melanogaster]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/576868v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ten-year retrospective analysis of Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates reveals a proportionately large, non-nosocomial, multidrug-resistant endemic reservoir 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/576868v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundAcinetobacter baumannii (Ab) is a global health threat notorious for causing hospital-acquired (HA) infections, though many Ab infections are community-acquired (CA). Investigations describing contemporaneous, clinically-relevant CA and HA Ab populations, are lacking.nnMethodsWe conducted a retrospective ecological analysis of 2042 Ab clinical isolates identified from 2007 to 2017 in the BJC HealthCare System (BJC), a multi-hospital system located in and around the greater metropolitan area in St. Louis, Missouri. We described basic clinical characteristics and antibiotic susceptibility rates of CA and HA Ab isolates in comparative and longitudinal analyses.nnResults62.1% of all Ab isolates were CA, i.e., isolated in ambulatory settings or <48 hours following hospital admission. Though HA isolates initially predominated in the largest BJC hospital, implementation of infection control efforts resulted in a disproportionate reduction in annual HA isolate occurrence. This revealed a stable, baseline occurrence of CA isolates. In all other hospitals, the annual proportion of isolates that were CA averaged 78.7% (95%CI=74.5-83.0). 42.9% and 30.4% of total CA isolates were from skin and soft tissue/musculoskeletal (SST/MSK) and urinary sources, respectively, while HA isolates were primarily respiratory (55.6%). Rates of carbapenem resistance, a surrogate for multidrug resistant (MDR) phenotypes, were higher among respiratory and HA cases ([~]60%) compared to contemporaneous non-respiratory CA counterparts ([~]40%).nnConclusionsMDR Ab reservoirs associated with SST/MSK and urinary niches persist outside of hospital environments in a large U.S. healthcare system, even after the implementation of effective hospital infection control measures.nnSummaryWe compared hospital-acquired and community-acquired Acinetobacter baumannii in a large U.S. healthcare system through a ten-year retrospective ecological analysis. Community-acquired isolates composed over 60% of total A. baumannii isolates, were primarily from non-respiratory sources and exhibited carbapenem resistance rates of 35-40%.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Calix, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burnham, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feldman, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/576868</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ten-year retrospective analysis of Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates reveals a proportionately large, non-nosocomial, multidrug-resistant endemic reservoir]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/585521v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A catalog of CasX genome editing sites in common model organisms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/585521v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DpbCasX, also called Cas12e, is an RNA-guided DNA endonuclease isolated from Deltaproteobacteria. In this paper I characterized the CasX-compatible genome editing sites in the reference genomes of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), flatworms (Caenorhabditis elegans), flies (Drosophila melanogaster), zebrafish (Danio rerio), mouse (Mus musculus), rats (Rattus norvegicus), and humans (Homo sapiens). Across those genomes there were >27,000 CasX sites per megabase on average. More than 90% of genes in each genome had at least one unique site overlapping an exon, with median unique sites per gene of 6 - 45. I also annotated sites in the GRCm38 reference and 15 additional mouse strain genomes. The presence of specific guide sequences varied amongst the strains, with CAST/EiJ and PWK/PhJ showing the greatest divergence from the reference strain. The high density of CasX sites and number of exon overlapping sites suggests that CasX has the potential to be used as a common genome editor.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roberson, E. D. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/585521</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A catalog of CasX genome editing sites in common model organisms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/605840v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Noda-like RNA viruses infecting Caenorhabditis nematodes: sympatry, diversity and reassortment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/605840v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Three RNA viruses related to nodaviruses were previously described to naturally infect the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and its relative C. briggsae. Here we report on a collection of over 50 viral variants from wild-caught Caenorhabditis. We describe the discovery of a new related virus, the M[e]lnik virus, infecting C. briggsae, which similarly infects intestinal cells. In France, a frequent pattern of co-infection of C. briggsae by the Santeuil virus and Le Blanc virus was observed at the level of an individual nematode and even a single cell. We do not find evidence of reassortment between the RNA1 and RNA2 molecules of Santeuil and Le Blanc viruses. However, by studying patterns of evolution of each virus, reassortments of RNA1 and RNA2 among variants of each virus were identified. We develop assays to test the relative potency and competitive ability of the viral variants and detect an interaction between host genotype and Santeuil virus genotype, such that the result of the competition depends on the host strain.nnImportanceThe roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans is a laboratory model organism in biology. We study natural populations of this small animal and its relative C. briggsae and the viruses that infect them. We previously discovered three RNA viruses related to nodaviruses and here describe a fourth one, called the Melnik virus. These viruses have a genome composed of two RNA molecules. We find that two viruses may infect the same animal and the same cell. The two RNA molecules may be exchanged between variants of a given viral species. We study the diversity of each viral species and devise an assay of their competitive ability. Using this assay, we show that the outcome of the competition also depends on the host.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Frezal, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tahan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Felix, M.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/605840</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Noda-like RNA viruses infecting Caenorhabditis nematodes: sympatry, diversity and reassortment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/611095v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LASSI: A lattice model for simulating phase transitions of multivalent proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/611095v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biomolecular condensates form via phase transitions that combine phase separation or demixing and networking of key protein and RNA molecules. Proteins that drive condensate formation are either linear or branched multivalent proteins where multivalence refers to the presence of multiple protein-protein or protein-nucleic acid interaction domains or motifs within a protein. Recent work has shown that multivalent protein drivers of phase transitions are in fact biological instantiations of associative polymers. Such systems can be characterized by stickers-and-spacers architectures where stickers contribute to system-specific spatial hierarchies of directional interactions and spacers control the concentration-dependent inhomogeneities in densities of stickers around one another. The collective effects of interactions among stickers and spacers lead to the emergence of dense droplet phases wherein the stickers form percolated networks of polymers. To enable the calculation of system-specific phase diagrams of multivalent proteins, we have developed LASSI (LAttice simulations of Sticker and Spacer Interactions), which is an efficient open source computational engine for lattice-based polymer simulations built on the stickers and spacers framework. In LASSI, a specific multivalent protein architecture is mapped into a set of beads on the 3-dimensional lattice space with proper coarse-graining, and specific sticker-sticker interactions are modeled as pairwise anisotropic interactions. For efficient and broad search of the conformational ensemble, LASSI uses Monte Carlo methods, and we optimized the move set so that LASSI can handle both dilute and dense systems. Also, we developed quantitative measures to extract phase boundaries from LASSI simulations, using known and hidden collective parameters. We demonstrate the application of LASSI to two known archetypes of linear and branched multivalent proteins. The simulations recapitulate observations from experiments and importantly, they generate novel quantitative insights that augment what can be gleaned from experiments alone. We conclude with a discussion of the advantages of lattice-based approaches such as LASSI and highlight the types of systems across which this engine can be deployed, either to make predictions or to enable the design of novel condensates.nnAuthor SummarySpatial and temporal organization of molecular matter is a defining hallmark of cellular ultrastructure and recent attention has focused intensely on organization afforded by membraneless organelles, which are referred to as biomolecular condensates. These condensates form via phase transitions that combine phase separation and networking of condensate-specific protein and nucleic acid molecules. Several questions remain unanswered regarding the driving forces for condensate formation encoded in the architectures of multivalent proteins, the molecular determinants of material properties of condensates, and the determinants of compositional specificity of condensates. Building on recently recognized analogies between associative polymers and multivalent proteins, we have developed and deployed LASSI, an open source computational engine that enables the calculation of system-specific phase diagrams for multivalent proteins. LASSI relies on a priori identification of stickers and spacers within a multivalent protein and mapping the stickers onto a 3-dimensional lattice. A Monte Carlo engine that incorporates a suite of novel and established move sets enables simulations that track density inhomogeneities and changes to the extent of networking among stickers as a function of protein concentration and interaction strengths. Calculation of distribution functions and other nonconserved order parameters allow us to compute full phase diagrams for multivalent proteins modeled using a stickers-and-spacers representation on simple cubic lattices. These predictions are shown to be system-specific and allow us to rationalize experimental observations while also enabling the design of systems with bespoke phase behavior. LASSI can be deployed to study the phase behavior of multicomponent systems, which allows us to make direct contact with cellular biomolecular condensates that are in fact multicomponent systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Choi, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dar, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/611095</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LASSI: A lattice model for simulating phase transitions of multivalent proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/613927v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Two-Color Spatial Cumulant Analysis Detects Heteromeric Interactions between Membrane Proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/613927v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy (FFS) can be used to measure the aggregation of fluorescently labeled molecules and is typically performed using time series data. Spatial intensity distribution analysis (SpIDA) and fluorescence moment image analysis (FMIA) are established tools for measuring molecular brightnesses from single-color images collected with laser scanning microscopes. We have extended these tools for analysis of two-color images to resolve heteromeric interactions between molecules labeled with spectrally distinct chromophores. We call these new methods two-color SpIDA (2c-SpIDA) and two-color spatial cumulant analysis (2c-SpCA). To implement these techniques on a hyperspectral imaging system, we developed a spectral shift filtering (SSF) technique to remove artifacts due to intrinsic crosstalk between detector bins. We determined that 2c-SpCA provides better resolution from samples containing multiple fluorescent species, hence this technique was carried forward to study images of living cells. We used fluorescent heterodimers labeled with EGFP and mApple to quantify the effects of resonance energy transfer and incomplete maturation of mApple on brightness measurements. We show that 2c-SpCA can detect the interaction between two components of trimeric G-protein complexes. Thus 2c-SpCA presents a robust and computationally expedient means of measuring heteromeric interactions in cellular environments.nnStatement of SignificanceFluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy (FFS) techniques determine biophysical parameters from samples containing fluorescently labeled biomolecules by considering the statistical nature of fluorescent signals measured with photodetectors. The present study introduces two-color spatial cumulant analysis (2c-SpCA) to the canon of FFS techniques. 2c-SpCA analyzes pixel-value data of two-color images collected with laser scanning fluorescence microscopes. We show that 2c-SpCA can determine several biophysical parameters in living cells including Forster resonance energy transfer efficiency, the dark state fraction of fluorescent proteins, and heteromerization between distinctly labeled proteins. In comparison to existing techniques, 2c-SpCA requires very few image frames for analysis, minimal computations, and can be applied to images of fixed tissue samples.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Foust, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godin, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ustione, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiseman, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piston, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/613927</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Two-Color Spatial Cumulant Analysis Detects Heteromeric Interactions between Membrane Proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/614438v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neurostructural Heterogeneity in Youth with Internalizing Symptoms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/614438v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Internalizing disorders such as anxiety and depression are the most common psychiatric disorders, frequently begin in youth, and exhibit marked heterogeneity in treatment response and clinical course. It is increasingly recognized that symptom-based classification approaches to internalizing disorders do not align with underlying neurobiology. An alternative to classifying psychopathology based on clinical symptoms is to identify neurobiologically-informed subtypes based on brain imaging data. We used a recently developed semi-supervised machine learning method (HYDRA) to delineate patterns of neurobiological heterogeneity within youth with internalizing symptoms using structural imaging data collected at 3T from a large community-based sample of 1,141 youth. Using volume and cortical thickness, cross-validation methods indicated a highly stable solution (ARI=.66; permutation-based pfdr < .001) and identified two subtypes of internalizing youth. Subtype 1, defined by smaller brain volumes and reduced cortical thickness, was marked by impaired cognitive performance and higher levels of psychopathology than both Subtype 2 and typically developing youth. Using resting-state fMRI and diffusion images not considered during clustering, we found that Subtype 1 also showed reduced amplitudes of low-frequency fluctuations in fronto-limbic regions at rest, as well as reduced fractional anisotropy in white matter tracts such as the parahippocampal cingulum bundle and the uncinate fasciculus. In contrast, Subtype 2 showed intact cognitive performance, greater volume, cortical thickness, and amplitudes during rest compared to Subtype 1 and typically developing youth, despite still showing clinically significant levels of psychopathology. Identification of biologically-grounded subtypes of internalizing disorders may assist in targeting early interventions and assessing longitudinal prognosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kaczkurkin, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sotiras, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baller, E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calkins, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chand, G. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erus, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gur, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gur, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roalf, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosen, A. F. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruparel, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shinohara, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varol, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolf, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davatzikos, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satterthwaite, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/614438</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neurostructural Heterogeneity in Youth with Internalizing Symptoms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/619601v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Telomere dysfunction represses HNF4α leading to impaired hepatocyte development and function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/619601v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Telomere attrition is a risk factor for end-stage liver disease. Due to a lack of adequate models and intrinsic difficulties in studying telomerase in physiologically relevant cells, the molecular mechanisms responsible for liver disease in patients with telomere syndromes remain elusive. To circumvent that, we used genome editing to generate isogenic human embryonic stem cell lines (hESCs) harboring a clinically relevant mutation in telomerase (DKC1_A353V) and subjected them to an in vitro, stage-specific hepatocyte differentiation protocol, that resembles hepatocyte development in vivo. Our results show that while telomerase is highly expressed in hESCs, it is quickly silenced, due to TERT down-regulation, after endoderm differentiation, and completely absent in in vitro derived hepatocytes, similarly to what is observed in primary hepatocytes. While endoderm derivation is not impacted by telomere shortening, progressive telomere dysfunction impaired hepatic endoderm formation. Consequently, hepatocyte-derivation, as measured by expression of specific markers, as well by albumin expression and secretion, is severely compromised in telomerase mutant cells with short telomeres. Interestingly, this phenotype was not caused by cell death induction or senescence. Rather, telomere shortening induces down regulation of the human hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4), in a p53 dependent manner. Telomerase reactivation, as well as p53 silencing, rescued hepatocyte formation in telomerase mutants. Likewise, conditional expression of HNF4, even in cells that retained short telomeres, accrued DNA damage, and p53 stabilization, successfully restored hepatocyte formation from hESCS.nnConclusionsCombined, our data shows that telomere dysfunction acts a major regulator of HNF4 during hepatocyte development and function, pointing to a potential novel target for the clinical management of liver disease in telomere-syndrome patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Niero, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fok, W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vessoni, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brenner, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batista, L. F. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/619601</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Telomere dysfunction represses HNF4α leading to impaired hepatocyte development and function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/624304v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial and temporal alterations in protein structure by EGF regulate cryptic cysteine oxidation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/624304v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Stimulation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) such as EGF locally increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels at the plasma membrane that oxidize cysteines in proteins to enhance downstream signaling. Spatial confinement of ROS is an important regulatory mechanism to redox signaling, but it remains unknown why stimulation of different receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) at the plasma membrane target distinct sets of downstream proteins. To uncover additional mechanisms specifying which cysteines are redox regulated by EGF stimulation, we performed time-resolved quantification of the oxidation of 4,200 cysteine sites subsequent to EGF stimulation in A431 cells. EGF induces three distinct spatiotemporal patterns of cysteine oxidation in functionally organized protein networks, consistent with the spatial confinement model. Unexpectedly, protein crystal structure analysis and molecular dynamic simulation indicate widespread redox regulation of cryptic cysteines that are only solvent exposed upon changes in protein conformation. Phosphorylation and increased flux of nucleotide substrates serve as two distinct modes by which EGF specifies which cryptic cysteines become solvent exposed and redox regulated. Since proteins structurally regulated by different RTKs or cellular perturbations are largely unique, solvent exposure and redox regulation of cryptic cysteines is an important mechanism contextually delineating redox signaling networks.nnSignificance StatementCellular redox processes are interconnected, but are not in equilibrium. Thus, understanding the redox biology of cells requires a systems-level, rather than reductionist, approach. Factors specifying which cysteines are redox regulated by a stimulus remain poorly characterized but are critical to understanding the fundamental properties of redox signaling networks. Here, we show that EGF stimulation induces oxidation of specific cysteines in 3 distinct spatiotemporal patterns. Redox regulated proteins include many proteins in the EGF pathway as well as many cysteines with known functional importance. Many redox regulated cysteines are cryptic and solvent exposed by changes in protein structure that were induced by EGF treatment. The novel finding that cryptic cysteines are redox regulated has important implications for how redox signaling networks are specified and regulated to minimize crosstalk. In addition, this time-resolved dataset of the redox kinetics of 4,200 cysteine sites is an important resource for others and is an important technological achievement towards systems-level understanding of cellular redox biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Behring, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Post, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mooradian, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egan, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmerman, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clements, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Held, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/624304</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial and temporal alterations in protein structure by EGF regulate cryptic cysteine oxidation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/627042v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dissemination and Stakeholder Engagement Practices Among Dissemination & Implementation Scientists: Results from an Online Survey 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/627042v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionThere has been an increasing focus on disseminating research findings, but less about practices specific to disseminating and engaging non-researchers. The present project sought to describe dissemination practices and engagement of stakeholders among dissemination & implementation (D&I) scientists.nnMethodsMethods to disseminate to and engage non-research stakeholders were assessed using an online survey sent to a broad, diverse sample of D&I scientists.nnResultsSurveys were received from 210 participants. The majority of respondents were from university or research settings in the U.S. (69%) or Canada (13%), representing a mix of clinical (28%) and community settings (34%). 26% had received formal training in D&I. Respondents indicated routinely engaging in a variety of dissemination-related activities, with academic journal publications (88%), conference presentations (86%), and reports to funders (74%) being the most frequent. Journal publication was identified as the most impactful on respondents careers (94%), but face-to-face meetings with stakeholders were rated as most impactful on practice or policy (40%). Stakeholder involvement in research was common, with clinical and community-based researchers engaging stakeholder groups in broadly similar ways, but with critical differences noted between researchers with greater seniority, those with more D&I training, those based in the US, and those in community vs, clinical research settings.nnConclusionsThere have been increases in stakeholder engagement, but few other practices since the 2012 survey, and some differences across subgroups. Methods to engage different stakeholders deserve more in-depth investigation. D&I researchers report substantial misalignment of incentives and behaviors related to dissemination to non-research audiences.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Knoepke, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ingle, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matlock, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brownson, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glasgow, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/627042</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dissemination and Stakeholder Engagement Practices Among Dissemination & Implementation Scientists: Results from an Online Survey]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/637298v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Why Do Long Zinc Finger Proteins have Short Motifs? A case study of ZFY and CTCF reveals non-independent recognition of tandem zinc finger proteins. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/637298v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human genome contains around 800 C2H2 Zinc Finger Proteins (ZFPs), and many of them are composed of long tandem arrays of zinc fingers. Current motif prediction models assume longer finger arrays correspond to longer DNA-binding motifs and higher specificity. However, recent experimental efforts to identify ZFP binding sites in vivo contradict this assumption, with many having short motifs. Here, we systematically test how multiple zinc fingers contribute to binding for three model ZFPs: Zinc Finger Y (ZFY), CTCF, and ZNF343. Using ZFY, which contains 13 fingers, we quantitatively characterize its binding specificity with several methods, including Affinity-seq, HT-SELEX, Spec-seq and fluorescence anisotropy, and find evidence for  dependent recognition where downstream fingers can recognize some extended motifs only in the presence of an intact core site. For the genomic insulator CTCF, additional high-throughput affinity measurements reveal that its upstream specificity profile depends on the strength of the core, violating presumed additivity and positionindependence. Moreover, the effect of different epigenetic modifications within the core site depends on the strength of flanking upstream site, providing new insight into how the previously identified intellectual disability-causing and cancer-related mutant R567W disrupts upstream recognition and deregulates CTCFs methylation sensitivity. Lastly, we used ZNF343 as example to show that a simple iterative motif analysis strategy based on a small set of prefixed cores can reveal the dependent relationship between cores and upstream motifs. These results establish that the current underestimation of ZFPs motif lengths is due to our lack of understanding of intrinsic properties of tandem zinc finger recognition, including irregular motif structure, variable spacing, and dependent recognition between sub-motifs. These results also motivate a need for better recognition models beyond additive, position-weight matrix to predict ZFP specificities, occupancies, and the molecular mechanisms of disease mutations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zuo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Billings, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petkov, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fordyce, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stormo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/637298</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Why Do Long Zinc Finger Proteins have Short Motifs? A case study of ZFY and CTCF reveals non-independent recognition of tandem zinc finger proteins.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/642397v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pattern similarity analyses of frontoparietal task coding: Individual variation and genetic influences 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/642397v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pattern similarity analyses are increasingly used to characterize coding properties of brain regions, but relatively few have focused on cognitive control processes in FrontoParietal regions. Here, we use the Human Connectome Project (HCP) N-back task fMRI dataset to examine individual differences and genetic influences on the coding of working memory load (0-back, 2-back) and perceptual category (Face, Place). Participants were grouped into 105 MZ (monozygotic) twin, 78 DZ (dizygotic) twin, 99 non-twin sibling, and 100 unrelated pairs. Activation pattern similarity was used to test the hypothesis that FrontoParietal regions would have higher similarity for same load conditions, while Visual regions would have higher similarity in same perceptual category conditions. Results confirmed this highly robust regional double dissociation in neural coding, which also predicted individual differences in behavioral performance. In pair-based analyses, anatomically-selective genetic relatedness effects were observed: relatedness predicted greater activation pattern similarity in FrontoParietal only for load coding, and in Visual only for perceptual coding. Further, in related pairs, the similarity of load coding in FrontoParietal regions was uniquely associated with behavioral performance. Together, these results highlight the power of task fMRI pattern similarity analyses for detecting key coding and heritability features of brain regions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Etzel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Courtney, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carey, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agrawal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braver, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/642397</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pattern similarity analyses of frontoparietal task coding: Individual variation and genetic influences]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/643361v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptomic analysis of bone and fibrous tissue morphogenesis during digit tip regeneration in the adult mouse 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/643361v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Humans have limited regenerative potential of musculoskeletal tissues following limb or digit loss. The murine digit has been used to study mammalian regeneration, where stem/progenitor cells (the  blastema) regrow the digit tip after distal, but not proximal, amputation. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for this response remain to be determined. We hypothesized that regeneration is initiated and maintained by a gene regulatory network that recapitulates aspects of limb development, whereas a non-regenerative response exhibits fibrotic wound healing and minimal bone remodeling. To test these hypotheses, we evaluated the spatiotemporal formation of bone and fibrous tissues after level-dependent amputation of the murine terminal phalanx and quantified the transcriptome of the repair tissue. We show that digit regeneration is a level-dependent and spatiotemporally controlled process, with distal and proximal amputations showing significant differences in gene expression and tissue regrowth over time. Regeneration is characterized by the transient upregulation of genes that direct skeletal system development and limb morphogenesis, including distal Hox genes. By identifying the molecular pathways regulating regeneration, this work will lead to novel therapies that restore complex tissues after injury.nnSummary StatementMurine digit tip regeneration after distal amputation is orchestrated through a transient, limb-specific gene network by blastema cells. Proximal amputation activates an alternate transcriptional program that results in scar formation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palte, I. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gontarz, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guilak, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/643361</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptomic analysis of bone and fibrous tissue morphogenesis during digit tip regeneration in the adult mouse]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/645424v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Single Cell Transcriptomic Landscape of Early Human Diabetic Nephropathy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/645424v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by damage to both the glomerulus and tubulointerstitium, but relatively little is known about accompanying cell-specific changes in gene expression. We performed unbiased single nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNAseq) on cryopreserved human diabetic kidney samples to generate 23,980 single nucleus transcriptomes from three control and three early diabetic nephropathy samples. All major cell types of the kidney were represented in the final dataset. Side by side comparison demonstrated cell-type-specific changes in gene expression that are important for ion transport, angiogenesis, and immune cell activation. In particular, we show that the diabetic loop of Henle, late distal convoluted tubule, and principal cells all adopt a gene expression signature consistent with increased potassium secretion, including alterations in Na-K+-ATPase, WNK1, mineralocorticoid receptor and NEDD4L expression, as well as decreased paracellular calcium and magnesium reabsorption. We also identify strong angiogenic signatures in glomerular cell types, proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule and principal cells. Taken together, these results suggest that increased potassium secretion and angiogenic signaling represent early kidney responses in human diabetic nephropathy.nnSignificance StatementSingle nucleus RNA sequencing revealed gene expression changes in early diabetic nephropathy that promote urinary potassium secretion and decreased calcium and magnesium reabsorption. Multiple cell types exhibited angiogenic signatures, which may represent early signs of aberrant angiogenesis. These alterations may help to identify biomarkers for disease progression or signaling pathways amenable to early intervention.nnO_FIG_DISPLAY_L [Figure 1] M_FIG_DISPLAY C_FIG_DISPLAY
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wilson, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirita, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uchimura, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rennke, H. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welling, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waikar, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humphreys, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/645424</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Single Cell Transcriptomic Landscape of Early Human Diabetic Nephropathy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/645762v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparison of miRNA profiling methods using synthetic miRNA pools and standardized exRNA samples reveals substantial performance differences 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/645762v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) found in biofluids play functional roles in health and in disease pathogenesis, underpinning their potential as clinical biomarkers. Several platforms for measurement of extracellular RNAs have recently become available. We evaluated the reproducibility, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of four miRNA quantification platforms, including one widely used discovery approach (small RNA-seq) and three targeted platforms (FirePlex, EdgeSeq, and nCounter). Using pools of synthetic miRNAs, we observed that reproducibility was highest for RNA-seq and EdgeSeq, that all three targeted platforms had lower bias than RNA-seq, and that RNA-seq had the best ability to distinguish between present and absent sequences. Overall reproducibility was lower for plasma samples than synthetic miRNA pools. We compared expression of placental miRNAs in plasma from pregnant and non-pregnant women and observed expected differences with RNA-seq and EdgeSeq, but not FirePlex or nCounter. We conclude that differences in performance among miRNA profiling platforms impact their relative utility as potential assay systems for clinical biomarkers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Godoy, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barczak, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeHoff, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srinivasan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erle, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laurent, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/645762</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparison of miRNA profiling methods using synthetic miRNA pools and standardized exRNA samples reveals substantial performance differences]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/646885v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predicting failures of Molteno and Baerveldt glaucoma drainage devices using machine learning models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/646885v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The purpose of this retrospective study is to measure machine learning models ability to predict glaucoma drainage device failure based on demographic information and preoperative measurements. The medical records of sixty-two patients were used. Potential predictors included the patients race, age, sex, preoperative intraocular pressure, preoperative visual acuity, number of intraocular pressure-lowering medications, and number and type of previous ophthalmic surgeries. Failure was defined as final intraocular pressure greater than 18 mm Hg, reduction in intraocular pressure less than 20% from baseline, or need for reoperation unrelated to normal implant maintenance. Five classifiers were compared: logistic regression, artificial neural network, random forest, decision tree, and support vector machine. Recursive feature elimination was used to shrink the number of predictors and grid search was used to choose hyperparameters. To prevent leakage, nested cross-validation was used throughout. Overall, the best classifier was logistic regression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rahmani, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morrison, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheybani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/646885</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predicting failures of Molteno and Baerveldt glaucoma drainage devices using machine learning models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/653444v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MCH4 is a multicopy suppressor of glycine toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/653444v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Saccharomyces cerevisiae can either import amino acids from the surrounding or synthesize inside the cell, and both processes are tightly regulated. Disruption of such regulation can result in amino acid toxicity to the cell through mechanisms that are poorly understood. In this study we make use of a mutant strain with deregulated general amino acid permease gene whose growth is inhibited by low concentrations of several amino acids. We carry out multicopy suppression screen with several toxic amino acids and identify MCH4 as a gene that suppresses inhibitory effects of glycine. We find that expression of MCH4 is regulated by osmotic shock but not other kinds of stress. These findings are discussed in the context of possible mechanisms of amino acid toxicity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Melnykov, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elson, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/653444</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MCH4 is a multicopy suppressor of glycine toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/659409v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Behavioral and neural signatures of working memory in childhood 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/659409v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Working memory function changes across development and varies across individuals. The patterns of behavior and brain function that track individual differences in working memory during development, however, are not well understood. Here we establish associations between working memory, cognitive abilities, and functional MRI activation in data from over 4,000 9-10-year-olds enrolled in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study, an ongoing longitudinal study in the United States. Behavioral analyses reveal robust relationships between working memory, short-term memory, language skills, and fluid intelligence. Analyses relating out-of-scanner working memory performance to memory-related fMRI activation in an emotional n-back task demonstrate that frontoparietal activity in response to an explicit memory challenge indexes working memory ability. Furthermore, this relationship is domain-specific, such that fMRI activation related to emotion processing during the emotional n-back task, inhibitory control during a stop-signal task, and reward processing during a monetary incentive delay task does not track memory abilities. Together these results inform our understanding of the emergence of individual differences in working memory and lay the groundwork for characterizing the ways in which they change across adolescence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rosenberg, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rapuano, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conley, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, A. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cornejo, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagler, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wager, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feczko, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Earl, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fair, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barch, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watts, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casey, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/659409</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Behavioral and neural signatures of working memory in childhood]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/659656v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single cell RNA-sequencing reveals cellular heterogeneity and trajectories of lineage specification during murine embryonic limb development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/659656v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The coordinated spatial and temporal regulation of gene expression in the murine hindlimb determines the identity of mesenchymal progenitors and the development of diversity of musculoskeletal tissues they form. Hindlimb development has historically been studied with lineage tracing of individual genes selected a priori, or at the bulk tissue level, which does not allow for the determination of single cell transcriptional programs yielding mature cell types and tissues. To identify the cellular trajectories of lineage specification during limb bud development, we used single cell mRNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to profile the developing murine hindlimb between embryonic days (E)11.5-E18.5. We found cell type heterogeneity at all time points, and the expected cell types that form the mouse hindlimb. In addition, we used RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to examine the spatial locations of cell types and cell trajectories to understand the ancestral continuum of cell maturation. This data provides a resource for the transcriptional program of hindlimb development that will support future studies of musculoskeletal development and generate hypotheses for tissue regeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kelly, N. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huynh, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guilak, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/659656</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single cell RNA-sequencing reveals cellular heterogeneity and trajectories of lineage specification during murine embryonic limb development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/660712v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Novel Antenna Protein Complex in the Life Cycle of Cyanobacterial Photosystem II 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/660712v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In oxygenic photosynthetic organisms, photosystem II (PSII) is a unique membrane protein complex that catalyzes light-driven oxidation of water. PSII undergoes frequent damage due to its demanding photochemistry. However, many facets of its repair and reassembly following photodamage remain unknown. We have discovered a novel PSII subcomplex that lacks five key PSII core reaction center polypeptides: D1, D2, PsbE, PsbF, and PsbI. This pigment-protein complex does contain the PSII core antenna proteins CP47 and CP43, as well as most of their associated low-molecular-mass subunits, and the assembly factor Psb27. Immunoblotting analysis, multiple mass spectrometry techniques, and ultrafast spectroscopic results supported the absence of a functional reaction center in this chlorophyll-protein complex. We therefore refer to it as the  no reaction center complex (NRC). Additionally, genetic deletion of PsbO on the PSII lumenal side resulted in an increased NRC population, indicative of a faulty PSII repair scheme at the cellular level. Analytical ultracentrifugation studies and clear native acrylamide gel analysis showed that the NRC complex is a stable pigment-protein complex and not a mixture of free CP47 and CP43 proteins. Our finding challenges the current model of the PSII repair cycle and implies an alternative PSII repair strategy. We propose that formation of this pigment-protein complex maximizes PSII repair economy by preserving an intact PSII core antenna shell in a single complex that is available for PSII reassembly, thus minimizing the risk of randomly diluting multiple recycling components in the thylakoid membrane following a photodamage event at the RC.nnSignificance statementPhotosystem II (PSII) converts sunlight into chemical energy, powering nearly all life on Earth. The efficiency of this process is maximized under various environmental conditions by a frequent repair and reassembly cycle that follows inevitable PSII damage even during normal oxygenic photosynthesis. We have isolated a novel pigment protein PSII subcomplex in which, surprisingly, the reaction center (RC) components of PSII are absent. Formation of this stable chlorophyll-protein complex suggests a protective mechanism whereby longer-lived PSII subunits are  unplugged from the damaged RC to prevent harmful, aberrant photochemistry during RC repair. This finding provides intriguing new insight into how PSII is assembled and rebuilt to optimize its performance to optimally catalyze one of the most challenging reactions in biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Weisz, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niedzwiedzki, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shinn, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klitzke, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gross, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blankenship, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lohman, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pakrasi, H. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/660712</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Novel Antenna Protein Complex in the Life Cycle of Cyanobacterial Photosystem II]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/668319v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spectral Hallmark of Auditory-Tactile Interactions in Somatosensory Cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/668319v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To synthesize a coherent representation of the external world, the brain must integrate inputs across stimulus modalities. Yet the mechanistic basis of this computation at the level of neuronal populations remains obscure. Here, we investigate tactile-auditory integration using two-photon Ca2+ imaging in the mouse primary (S1) and secondary (S2) somatosensory cortices. Pairing sound with whisker stimulation modulates tactile responses in both S1 and S2, with the most prominent modulation being robust inhibition in S2. The degree of inhibition depends on tactile stimulation frequency, with lower frequency responses the most severely attenuated. Alongside these neurons, we identify sound-selective neurons in S2 whose responses are inhibited by high tactile frequencies. These results are consistent with a hypothesized local mutually-inhibitory S2 circuit that spectrally selects tactile versus auditory inputs. Our findings enrich mechanistic understanding of multisensory integration and suggest a key role for S2 in combining auditory and tactile information.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwon, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben-Johny, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Connor, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Issa, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/668319</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spectral Hallmark of Auditory-Tactile Interactions in Somatosensory Cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/678243v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Individualized Dynamic Brain Models: Estimation and Validation with Resting-State fMRI 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/678243v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A key challenge for neuroscience is to develop generative, causal models of the human nervous system in an individualized, data-driven manner. Previous initiatives have either constructed biologically-plausible models that are not constrained by individual-level human brain activity or used data-driven statistical characterizations of individuals that are not mechanistic. We aim to bridge this gap through the development of a new modeling approach termed Mesoscale Individualized Neurodynamic (MINDy) modeling, wherein we fit nonlinear dynamical systems models directly to human brain imaging data. The MINDy framework is able to produce these data-driven network models for hundreds to thousands of interacting brain regions in just 1-3 minutes per subject. We demonstrate that the models are valid, reliable, and robust. We show that MINDy models are predictive of individualized patterns of resting-state brain dynamical activity. Furthermore, MINDy is better able to uncover the mechanisms underlying individual differences in resting state activity than functional connectivity methods.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Singh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braver, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cole, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ching, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/678243</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Individualized Dynamic Brain Models: Estimation and Validation with Resting-State fMRI]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/683276v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An individual interneuron participates in many kinds of inhibition and spans much of the mouse visual thalamus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/683276v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
One way to assess a neurons function is to describe all its inputs and outputs. With this goal in mind, we used serial section electron microscopy to map 899 synaptic inputs and 623 outputs in one inhibitory interneuron in a large volume of the mouse visual thalamus. This neuron innervated 256 thalamocortical cells spread across functionally distinct subregions of the visual thalamus. All but one of its neurites were bifunctional, innervating thalamocortical and local interneurons while also receiving synapses from the retina. We observed a wide variety of local synaptic motifs. While this neuron innervated many cells weakly, with single en passant synapses, it also deployed specialized branches that climbed along other dendrites to form strong multi-synaptic connections with a subset of partners. This neurons diverse range of synaptic relationships allows it to participate in a mix of global and local processing but defies assigning it a single circuit function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Morgan, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lichtman, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/683276</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An individual interneuron participates in many kinds of inhibition and spans much of the mouse visual thalamus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/686808v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Improving ATAC-seq Data Analysis with AIAP, a Quality Control and Integrative Analysis Package 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/686808v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ATAC-seq is a technique widely used to investigate genome-wide chromatin accessibility. The recently published Omni-ATAC-seq protocol substantially improves the signal/noise ratio and reduces the input cell number. High-quality data are critical to ensure accurate analysis. Several tools have been developed for assessing sequencing quality and insertion size distribution for ATAC-seq data; however, key quality control (QC) metrics have not yet been established to accurately determine the quality of ATAC-seq data. Here, we optimized the analysis strategy for ATAC-seq and defined a series of QC metrics, including reads under peak ratio (RUPr), background (BG), promoter enrichment (ProEn), subsampling enrichment (SubEn), and other measurements. We incorporated these QC tests into our recently developed ATAC-seq Integrative Analysis Package (AIAP) to provide a complete ATAC-seq analysis system, including quality assurance, improved peak calling, and downstream differential analysis. We demonstrated a significant improvement of sensitivity (20%~60%) in both peak calling and differential analysis by processing paired-end ATAC-seq datasets using AIAP. AIAP is compiled into Docker/Singularity, and with one command line execution, it generates a comprehensive QC report. We used ENCODE ATAC-seq data to benchmark and generate QC recommendations, and developed qATACViewer for the user-friendly interaction with the QC report.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gontarz, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madden, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/686808</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Improving ATAC-seq Data Analysis with AIAP, a Quality Control and Integrative Analysis Package]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/692079v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A molecular logic of sensory coding revealed by optical tagging of physiologically-defined neuronal types 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/692079v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neural circuit analysis relies on having molecular markers for specific cell types. However, for a cell type identified only by its circuit function, the process of identifying markers remains laborious. Here, we report physiological optical tagging sequencing (PhOTseq), a technique for tagging and expression-profiling cells based on their functional properties. We demonstrate that PhOTseq is capable of selecting rare cell types and enriching them by nearly one hundred-fold. We applied PhOTseq to the challenge of mapping receptor-ligand pairings among vomeronasal pheromone-sensing neurons in mice. Together with in vivo ectopic expression of vomeronasal chemoreceptors, PhOTseq identified the complete combinatorial receptor code for a specific set of ligands, and revealed that the primary sequence of a chemoreceptor was an unexpectedly strong predictor of functional similarity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kume, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holy, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/692079</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A molecular logic of sensory coding revealed by optical tagging of physiologically-defined neuronal types]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/702001v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Immune Landscapes Predict Chemotherapy Resistance And Immunotherapy Response In Acute Myeloid Leukemia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/702001v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This study dissected the complexity of the immune architecture of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) at high resolution and assessed its influence on therapeutic response. Using 387 primary bone marrow samples from three discovery cohorts of children and adults with AML, we defined immune-infiltrated and immune-depleted disease subtypes and unraveled critical differences in immune gene expression across age groups and disease stages. Importantly, interferon (IFN)-{gamma}-related mRNA profiles were predictive for both chemotherapy resistance and response of primary refractory/relapsed AML to flotetuzumab immunotherapy. Our compendium of microenvironmental gene and protein profiles sheds novel insights into the immuno-biology of AML and will inform the delivery of personalized immunotherapies to IFN-{gamma}-dominant AML subtypes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vadakekolathu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minden, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hood, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Church, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reeder, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altmann, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sullivan, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Viboch, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibrahimova, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warren, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arruda, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muth, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmitz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cesano, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pockley, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valk, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lowenberg, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bornhauser, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tasian, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rettig, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson-Moncada, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiPersio, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rutella, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/702001</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Immune Landscapes Predict Chemotherapy Resistance And Immunotherapy Response In Acute Myeloid Leukemia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/707141v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The C. elegans RIG-I homolog drh-1 mediates the Intracellular Pathogen Response upon viral infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/707141v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mammalian RIG-I-like receptors detect viral dsRNA and 5 triphosphorylated RNA to activate transcription of interferon genes and promote antiviral defense. The C. elegans RIG-I-like receptor DRH-1 promotes defense through antiviral RNA interference, but less is known about its role in regulating transcription. Here we describe a role for drh-1 in directing a transcriptional response in C. elegans called the Intracellular Pathogen Response (IPR), which is associated with increased pathogen resistance. The IPR includes a set of genes induced by diverse stimuli including intracellular infection and proteotoxic stress. Previous work suggested that the proteotoxic stress caused by intracellular infections might be the common trigger of the IPR, but here we demonstrate that different stimuli act through distinct pathways. Specifically, we demonstrate that DRH-1/RIG-I is required for inducing the IPR in response to Orsay virus infection, but not in response to other triggers like microsporidian infection or proteotoxic stress. Furthermore, drh-1 appears to be acting independently of its known role in RNAi. Interestingly, expression of the replication competent Orsay virus RNA1 segment alone is sufficient to induce most of the IPR genes in a manner dependent on RNA dependent RNA polymerase activity and on drh-1. Altogether, these results suggest that DRH-1 is a pattern-recognition receptor that detects viral replication products to activate the IPR stress/immune program in C. elegans.nnImportanceC. elegans lacks homologs of most mammalian pattern recognition receptors, and how nematodes detect pathogens is poorly understood. We show that the C. elegans RIG-I homolog drh-1 mediates induction of the Intracellular Pathogen Response (IPR), a novel transcriptional defense program, in response to infection by the natural C. elegans viral pathogen Orsay virus. drh-1 appears to act as a pattern-recognition receptor to induce the IPR transcriptional defense program by sensing the products of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity. Interestingly, this signaling role of drh-1 is separable from its previously known role in antiviral RNAi. In addition, we show that there are multiple host pathways for inducing the IPR, shedding light on the regulation of this novel transcriptional immune response.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sowa, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Somasundaram, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Troemel, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/707141</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The C. elegans RIG-I homolog drh-1 mediates the Intracellular Pathogen Response upon viral infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/711796v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TANGLED1 mediates interactions between microtubules that may promote spindle organization and phragmoplast guidance to the division site in maize 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/711796v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The microtubule cytoskeleton serves as a dynamic structural framework for mitosis in eukaryotic cells. TANGLED1 (TAN1) is a microtubule-binding protein that localizes to the division site and mitotic microtubules and plays a critical role in division plane orientation in plants. Here, in vitro experiments demonstrate that TAN1 directly binds microtubules, mediating microtubule zippering or end-on microtubule interactions, depending on their contact angle. Maize tan1 mutant cells improperly position the preprophase band (PPB), which predicts the future division site. However, cell-shape-based modeling indicates that PPB positioning defects are likely a consequence of abnormal cell shapes and not due to TAN1 absence. Spindle defects in the tan1 mutant suggest that TAN1-mediated microtubule zippering may contribute to metaphase spindle organization. In telophase, co-localization of growing microtubules ends from the phragmoplast with TAN1 at the division site suggests that TAN1 interacts with microtubule tips end-on. Together, our results suggest that TAN1 contributes to spindle and phragmoplast microtubule organization to ensure proper division plane orientation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Martinez, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixit, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balkunde, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Leary, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brakke, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasmussen, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/711796</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TANGLED1 mediates interactions between microtubules that may promote spindle organization and phragmoplast guidance to the division site in maize]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/721837v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Measuring localization confidence for quantifying accuracy and heterogeneity in single-molecule super-resolution microscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/721837v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The resolution and accuracy of single-molecule localization micro-scopes (SMLMs) are routinely benchmarked using simulated data, calibration "rulers," or comparisons to secondary imaging modalities. However, these methods cannot quantify the nanoscale accuracy of an arbitrary SMLM dataset. Here, we show that by computing localization stability under a well-chosen perturbation with accurate knowledge of the imaging system, we can robustly measure the confidence of individual localizations without ground-truth knowledge of the sample. We demonstrate that our method, termed Wasserstein-induced flux (WIF), measures the accuracy of various reconstruction algorithms directly on experimental 2D and 3D data of microtubules and amyloid fibrils. We further show that WIF confidences can be used to evaluate the mismatch between computational models and imaging data, enhance the accuracy and resolution of recon-structed structures, and discover hidden molecular heterogeneities. As a computational methodology, WIF is broadly applicable to any SMLM dataset, imaging system, and localization algorithm.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mazidi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nehorai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lew, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/721837</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Measuring localization confidence for quantifying accuracy and heterogeneity in single-molecule super-resolution microscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/721977v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional characterization of Ralstonia insidiosa, a bona fide resident at the maternal-fetal interface 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/721977v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Controversy about whether there are microbes in the placenta and if they have any functional importance during pregnancy and for neonatal health is ongoing. Previous work has demonstrated that the basal plate (BP), comprising maternal and fetal derived cells harbors intracellular bacteria. 16S sequencing and bacterial species-specific analysis of term placentas revealed that the gram-negative bacillus Ralstonia insidiosa, native to aqueous environments and an effective biofilm promoter, comprises the most abundant species in the BP. Here, we demonstrate whether R. insidiosa cells home to a particular niche in the BP, how they may arrive there, and whether they are associated with adverse outcomes. We developed methods to detect and study cell-specific localization of R. insidiosa using ex vivo and in vitro models. Additionally, we studied potential routes of R. insidiosa entry into the placenta. We show that R. insidiosa is a bona fide resident in human placental BP. It can access trophoblast cells in culture and within basal plate tissues where it localizes to intracellular single-membrane vacuoles and can replicate. However, the presence of R. insidiosa does not cause cell death and does not induce a pro-inflammatory immune response suggesting that it is not harmful in and of itself. Finally, we show that in a pregnant mouse model, R. insidiosa traffics to the placenta via the intrauterine route but does not induce preterm labor or preterm birth. Together, our findings provide a foundation for understanding non-pathogenic placental cell-microbe interactions and the functional importance of R. insidiosa in placental health and physiology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Parnell, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willsey, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshi, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wargo, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mysorekar, I. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/721977</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional characterization of Ralstonia insidiosa, a bona fide resident at the maternal-fetal interface]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/726521v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interactions between the N- and C- termini of mechanosensitive ion channel AtMSL10 support a three-step mechanism for activating its signaling function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/726521v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although a growing number of mechanosensitive ion channels are being identified in plant systems, the molecular mechanisms by which they function are still under investigation. Overexpression of the mechanosensitive ion channel MSL (MscS-Like)10 fused to GFP triggers a number of developmental and cellular phenotypes including the induction of cell death, and this function is influenced by seven phosphorylation sites in its soluble N-terminus. Here, we show that these and other phenotypes required neither overexpression nor a tag and could be also induced by a previously identified point mutation in the soluble C-terminus (S640L). The promotion of cell death and hyperaccumulation of H2O2 in 35S:MSL10S640L-GFP overexpression lines was suppressed by N-terminal phosphomimetic substitutions, and the soluble N- and C-terminal domains of MSL10 physically interacted. We propose a three-step model by which tension-induced conformational changes in the C-terminus are transmitted to the N-terminus, leading to its dephosphorylation and the induction of adaptive responses. Taken together, this work expands our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of mechanotransduction in plants.

HIGHLIGHTCell death is triggered by mutations in either the cytoplasmic N- or C-terminus of AiMSLlu. Our proposed model explains how membrane tension may activate signaling through the interaction of these two domains.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Basu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shoots, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harkess, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veley, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haswell, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/726521</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interactions between the N- and C- termini of mechanosensitive ion channel AtMSL10 support a three-step mechanism for activating its signaling function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/726695v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Statins Stimulate Hepatic Glucose Production via the miR-183/96/182 Cluster 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/726695v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Statins are the most common pharmacologic intervention in hypercholesterolemic patients, and their use is recognized as a key medical advance leading to a 50% decrease in deaths from heart attack or stroke over the past 30 years. The atheroprotective outcomes of statins are largely attributable to the accelerated hepatic clearance of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol from circulation, following the induction of the LDL receptor. However, multiple studies suggest that these drugs exert additional LDL-independent effects. The molecular mechanisms behind these so-called pleiotropic effects of statins, either beneficial or undesired, remain largely unknown. Here we determined the coding transcriptome, miRNome, and RISCome of livers from mice dosed with saline or atorvastatin to define a novel in vivo epitranscriptional regulatory pathway that links statins to hepatic gluconeogenesis, via the SREBP2-miR-183/96/182-TCF7L2 axis. Notably, multiple genome-wide association studies identified TCF7L2 (transcription factor 7 like 2) as a candidate gene for type 2 diabetes, independent of ethnicity. Conclusion: our data reveal an unexpected link between cholesterol and glucose metabolism, provides a mechanistic explanation to the elevated risk of diabetes recently observed in patients taking statins, and identifies the miR-183/96/182 cluster as an attractive pharmacological candidate to modulate non-canonical effects of statins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marquart, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorn, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matkovich, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baldan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/726695</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Statins Stimulate Hepatic Glucose Production via the miR-183/96/182 Cluster]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/730317v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Brain microRNA expression associated with social evolution in bees 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/730317v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Evolutionary transitions to a social lifestyle in insects are associated with lineage-specific changes in gene expression, but the key nodes that drive these regulatory changes are unknown. We examined the relationship between social organization and lineage-specific microRNAs (miRNAs). Genome scans across 12 bee species showed that miRNA copy-number is mostly conserved and not associated with sociality. However, deep sequencing of small RNAs in six bee species revealed a substantial proportion (20-35%) of detected miRNAs had lineage-specific expression in the brain, 24-72% of which did not have homologs in other species. Lineage-specific miRNAs disproportionately target lineage-specific genes, and have lower expression levels than shared miRNAs. The predicted targets of lineage-specific miRNAs are not enriched for genes with caste-biased expression or genes under positive selection in social species. Together, these results suggest that novel miRNAs may coevolve with novel genes, and thus contribute to lineage-specific patterns of evolution in bees, but do not appear to have significant influence on social evolution. Our analyses also support the hypothesis that many new miRNAs are purged by selection due to deleterious effects on mRNA targets, and suggest genome structure is not as influential in regulating bee miRNA evolution as has been shown for mammalian miRNAs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kapheim, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sovik, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stolle, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waterhouse, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bloch, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben-Shahar, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/730317</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Brain microRNA expression associated with social evolution in bees]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/731349v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-throughput experimental evolution using barcoded strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/731349v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundExperimental evolution of microbes can be used to empirically address a wide range of questions about evolution and is increasingly employed to study complex phenomena ranging from genetic evolution to evolutionary rescue. Regardless of experimental aims, fitness assays are a central component of this type of research, and low-throughput often limits the scope and complexity of experimental evolution studies. We created an experimental evolution system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that utilizes genetic barcoding to overcome this challenge.

ResultsWe first confirm that barcode insertions do not alter fitness and that barcode sequencing can be used to efficiently detect fitness differences via pooled competition-based fitness assays. Next, we examine the effects of ploidy, chemical stress, and population bottleneck size on the evolutionary dynamics and fitness gains (adaptation) in a total of 76 experimentally evolving, asexual populations by conducting 1,216 fitness assays and analyzing 532 longitudinal-evolutionary samples collected from the evolving populations. In our analysis of these data we describe the strengths of this experimental evolution system and explore sources of error in our measurements of fitness and evolutionary dynamics.

ConclusionsOur experimental treatments generated distinct fitness effects and evolutionary dynamics, respectively quantified via multiplexed fitness assays and barcode lineage tracking. These findings demonstrate the utility of this new resource for designing and improving high-throughput studies of experimental evolution. The approach described here provides a framework for future studies employing experimental designs that require high-throughput multiplexed fitness measurements.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fasanello, V. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Botero, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fay, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/731349</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-throughput experimental evolution using barcoded strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/733766v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Related enteric viruses have different requirements for host microbiota in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/733766v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accumulating evidence suggests that intestinal bacteria promote enteric virus infection in mice. For example, previous work demonstrated that antibiotic treatment of mice prior to oral infection with poliovirus reduced viral replication and pathogenesis. Here we examined the effect of antibiotic treatment on infection with coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), a picornavirus closely related to poliovirus. We treated mice with a mixture of five antibiotics to deplete host microbiota and examined CVB3 replication and pathogenesis following oral inoculation. We found that, like poliovirus, CVB3 shedding and pathogenesis were reduced in antibiotic-treated mice. While treatment with just two antibiotics, vancomycin and ampicillin, was sufficient to reduce CVB3 replication and pathogenesis, this treatment had no effect on poliovirus. Quantity and composition of bacterial communities were altered by treatment with the five antibiotic cocktail and by treatment with vancomycin and ampicillin. To determine whether more subtle changes in bacterial populations impact viral replication, we examined viral infection in mice treated with milder antibiotic regimens. Mice treated with one-tenth the concentration of the normal antibiotic cocktail supported replication of poliovirus but not CVB3. Importantly, a single dose of one antibiotic, streptomycin, was sufficient to reduce CVB3 shedding and pathogenesis, while having no effect on poliovirus shedding and pathogenesis. Overall, replication and pathogenesis of CVB3 is more sensitive to antibiotic treatment than poliovirus, indicating that closely related viruses may differ in their reliance on microbiota.nnImportanceRecent data indicate that intestinal bacteria promote intestinal infection of several enteric viruses. Here we show that coxsackievirus, an enteric virus in the picornavirus family, also relies on microbiota for intestinal replication and pathogenesis. Relatively minor depletion of the microbiota was sufficient to decrease coxsackievirus infection, while poliovirus infection was unaffected. Surprisingly, a single dose of one antibiotic was sufficient to reduce coxsackievirus infection. Therefore, these data indicate that microbiota can influence enteric virus infection through distinct mechanisms, even for closely related viruses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Robinson, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woods Acevedo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCune, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfeiffer, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/733766</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Related enteric viruses have different requirements for host microbiota in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/737635v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Entry by multiple picornaviruses is dependent on a pathway that includes TNK2, WASL and NCK1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/737635v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Comprehensive knowledge of the host factors required for picornavirus infection would facilitate antiviral development. Here we demonstrate roles for three human genes, TNK2, WASL, and NCK1, in infection by multiple picornaviruses. CRISPR deletion of TNK2, WASL or NCK1 reduced encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), poliovirus and enterovirus D68 infection, and chemical inhibitors of TNK2 and WASL decreased EMCV infection. Reduced EMCV lethality was observed in mice lacking TNK2. TNK2, WASL and NCK1 were important in early stages of the viral lifecycle, and genetic epistasis analysis demonstrated that the three genes function in a common pathway. Mechanistically, reduced internalization of EMCV was observed in TNK2 deficient cells demonstrating that TNK2 functions in EMCV entry. Domain analysis of WASL demonstrated that its actin nucleation activity was necessary to facilitate viral infection. Together, these data support a model wherein TNK2, WASL, and NCK1 comprise a pathway critical for multiple picornaviruses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leung, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tahan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/737635</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Entry by multiple picornaviruses is dependent on a pathway that includes TNK2, WASL and NCK1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/746065v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolution of resistance in vitro reveals a novel mechanism of artemisinin activity in Toxoplasma gondii. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/746065v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Artemisinins are effective against a variety of parasites and provide the first line of treatment for malaria. Laboratory studies have identified several mechanisms for artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum, including mutations in Kelch13 that are associated with delayed clearance in some clinical isolates, although other mechanisms are likely involved. To explore other potential mechanisms of resistance in parasites, we took advantage of the genetic tractability of T. gondii, a related apicomplexan parasite that shows moderate sensitivity to artemisinin. Resistant populations of T. gondii were selected by culture in increasing drug concentrations and whole genome sequencing identified several non-conservative point mutations that emerged in the population and were fixed over time. Genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9 was used to introduce point mutations conferring amino acids changes in a serine protease homologous to DegP and a serine/threonine protein kinase of unknown function. Single and double mutations conferred a competitive advantage over wild type parasites in the presence of drug, despite not changing EC50 values. Additionally, the evolved resistant lines showed dramatic amplification of the mitochondrial genome, including genes encoding cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase I. Consistent with prior studies in yeast and mammalian tumor cells that implicate the mitochondrion as a target of artemisinins, treatment of wild type parasites with artemisinin decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and resistant parasites showed altered morphology and decreased membrane potential. These findings extend the repertoire of mutations associated with artemisinin resistance and suggest that the mitochondrion may be an important target of inhibition in T. gondii.nnSignificanceArtemisinins provide important therapeutic agents for treatment of malaria and have potential for use in other infections and in cancer. Their use is threatened by the potential for resistance development, so understanding their mechanism of action and identifying genetic changes that alter sensitivity are important for improving clinical outcomes. Our findings suggest that mutations in novel targets can contribute to the emergence of parasites with increased tolerance to artemisinin treatment and that such mutations can confer a fitness advantage even in the absence of a notable shift in EC50. Our findings also support the idea that inhibition of mitochondrial function may be an important target in T. gondii, as previously suggested by studies in yeast and human cancer cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rozenberg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luth, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behnke, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winzeler, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sibley, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/746065</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolution of resistance in vitro reveals a novel mechanism of artemisinin activity in Toxoplasma gondii.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/747808v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Environmental pH impacts division assembly and cell size in Escherichia coli 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/747808v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell size is a complex trait, derived from both genetic and environmental factors. Environmental determinants of bacterial cell size identified to date primarily target assembly of cytosolic components of the cell division machinery. Whether certain environmental cues also impact cell size through changes in the assembly or activity of extracytoplasmic division proteins remains an open question. Here, we identify extracellular pH as a modulator of cell division and a key determinant of cell size across evolutionarily distant bacterial species. In the Gram-negative model organism Escherichia coli, our data indicate environmental pH impacts the length at which cells divide by altering the ability of the terminal cell division protein FtsN to localize to the cytokinetic machinery and activate division. Acidic environments lead to enrichment of FtsN at the septum and activation of division at a reduced cell length, while alkaline pH inhibits FtsN localization and suppress division activation. Altogether, our work reveals a previously unappreciated role for pH in bacterial cell size control.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mueller, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westfall, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levin, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/747808</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Environmental pH impacts division assembly and cell size in Escherichia coli]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/751172v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The aminoalkylindole, BML-190, negatively regulates chitosan synthesis via the cAMP/PKA1 pathway in Cryptococcus neoformans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/751172v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cryptococcus neoformans can cause fatal meningoencephalitis in patients with AIDS or other immune-compromising conditions. Current antifungals are suboptimal to treat this disease, therefore, novel targets and new therapies are needed. Previously, we have shown that chitosan is a critical component of the cryptococcal cell wall, is required for survival in the mammalian host, and that chitosan deficiency results in rapid clearance from the mammalian host. We had also identified several specific proteins that were required for chitosan biosynthesis, and we hypothesize that screening for compounds that inhibit chitosan biosynthesis would identify additional genes/proteins that influence chitosan biosynthesis.nnTo identify these compounds we developed a robust and novel cell-based flow cytometry screening method to identify small molecule inhibitors of chitosan production. We screened the ICCB Known Bioactives library and identified 8 compounds that reduced chitosan in C. neoformans. We used flow cytometry-based counter and confirmatory screens, followed by a biochemical secondary screen to refine our primary screening hits to 2 confirmed hits.nnOne of the confirmed hits that reduced chitosan content was the aminoalkylindole, BML-190, a known inverse agonist of mammalian cannabinoid receptors. We demonstrated that BML-190 likely targets the C. neoformans G-protein coupled receptor, Gpr4, and via the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway, contributes to an intracellular accumulation of cAMP that results in decreased chitosan. Our discovery suggests that this approach could be used to identify additional compounds and pathways that reduce chitosan biosynthesis, and could lead to potential novel therapeutics against C. neoformans.nnImportanceCryptococcus neoformans is a fungal pathogen that kills [~]200,000 people every year. The cell wall is an essential organelle that protects fungus from the environment. Chitosan, the deacetylated form of chitin, has been shown to be an essential component of cryptococcal cells wall during infection of a mammalian host. In this study, we screened a set of 480 compounds, which are known to have defined biological activities, for activity that reduced chitosan production in C. neoformans. Two of these compounds were validated using an alternative method of measuring chitosan, and one of these was demonstrated to impact the cAMP signal transduction pathway. This work demonstrates that the cAMP pathway regulates chitosan in C. neoformans, and validates that this screening approach could be used to find potential antifungal agents.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Maybruck, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lam, W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Specht, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ilagan, M. X. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donlin, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lodge, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/751172</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The aminoalkylindole, BML-190, negatively regulates chitosan synthesis via the cAMP/PKA1 pathway in Cryptococcus neoformans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/752378v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Controlling Structural Bias in Intrinsically Disordered Proteins Using Solution Space Scanning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/752378v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intrinsically disordered proteins or regions (IDRs) differ from their well-folded counterparts by lacking a stable tertiary state. Instead, IDRs exist in an ensemble of conformations and often possess localized, loosely held residual structure that can be a key determinant of their activity. With no extensive network of non-covalent bonds and a high propensity for exposed surface areas, the various features of an IDRs ensemble - including local residual structure and global conformational biases - are an emergent property of both the amino acid sequence and the solution environment. Here, we attempt to understand how shifting solution conditions can alter an IDRs ensemble. We present an efficient computational method to alter solution-protein interactions we term Solution Space (SolSpace) Scanning. SolSpace scanning uses all-atom Monte-Carlo simulations to construct ensembles under a wide range of distinct solution conditions. By tuning the interactions of specific protein moieties with the solution in a systematic manner we can both enhance and reduce local residual structure. This approach allows the  design of distinct residual structures in IDRs, offering an alternative approach to mutational studies for exploring sequence-to-ensemble relationships. Our results raise the possibility of solution-based regulation of protein functions both outside and within the dynamic solution environment of cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sukenik, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/752378</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Controlling Structural Bias in Intrinsically Disordered Proteins Using Solution Space Scanning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/759050v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chitosan biosynthesis and virulence in the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus gattii 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/759050v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cryptococcus gattii R265 is a hyper-virulent fungal strain responsible for the major outbreak of cryptococcosis in Vancouver Island of British Columbia in 1999. It differs significantly from C. neoformans in its natural environment, its preferred site in the mammalian host, and in the nature and mode of pathogenesis. Our previous studies in C. neoformans have shown that the presence of chitosan, the deacetylated form of chitin, in the cell wall attenuates inflammatory responses in the host, while its absence induces robust immune responses, which in turn facilitate clearance of the fungus and induces a protective response. The results of the present investigation reveal that the cell wall of C. gattii R265 contains 2-3-fold higher amount of chitosan compared to that of C. neoformans. The genes responsible for the biosynthesis of chitosan are highly conserved in the R265 genome; the roles of the three chitin deacetylases (CDA) have however, been modified. To deduce their roles, single, double and a triple CDA deletion strains were constructed in a R265 background and were subjected to mammalian infection studies. Unlike C. neoformans where Cda1 has a discernible role in fungal pathogenesis, in R265 Cda3 is critical for virulence. Deletion of either CDA3 alone (cda3{Delta}) or in combination with either CDA1 (cda1{Delta}3{Delta}) or CDA2 (cda2{Delta}3{Delta}) or both (cda1{Delta}2{Delta}3{Delta}) rendered the yeast cells avirulent and were cleared from the infected host. Moreover, the cda1{Delta}2{Delta}3{Delta} strain of R265 induced a protective response to a subsequent infection with R265. These studies shed more light into the regulation of chitosan biosynthesis of C. gattii and its subsequent effect on fungal virulence.nnImportanceThe fungal cell wall is an essential organelle whose components provide the first line of defense against host-induced antifungal activity. Chitosan is one of the carbohydrate polymers in the cell wall that significantly affects the outcome of host-pathogen interaction. Chitosan-deficient strains are avirulent, implicating chitosan as a critical virulence factor. C. gattii R265 is an important fungal pathogen of concern due to its ability to cause infections in individuals with no apparent immune dysfunction and an increasing geographical distribution. Characterization of the fungal cell wall and understanding the contribution of individual molecules of the cell wall matrix to fungal pathogenesis offers new therapeutic avenues for intervention. In this report, we show that the C. gattii R265 strain has evolved alternate regulation of chitosan biosynthesis under both laboratory growth conditions and during mammalian infection compared to that of C. neoformans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lam, W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Upadhya, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Specht, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ragsdale, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hole, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levitz, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lodge, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/759050</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chitosan biosynthesis and virulence in the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus gattii]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/766311v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hippocampal subfields integrate information about past temporal and cognitive contexts 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/766311v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The hippocampus plays a critical role in supporting episodic memory, in large part by binding together experiences and items with surrounding contextual information. At present, however, little is known about the roles of different hippocampal subfields in supporting this item-context binding. To address this question, we constructed a task in which items were affiliated with differing types of context - cognitive associations that vary at the local, item level and membership in temporally organized lists that linked items together at a global level. Participants made item recognition judgments while undergoing high-resolution fMRI imaging. We performed voxel pattern similarity analyses to answer the question of how human hippocampal subfields represent retrieved information about cognitive states and the time at which a past event took place. As participants recollected previously presented items, activity patterns in the CA23DG subregion carried information about prior cognitive states associated with these items. We found no evidence to suggest reinstatement of information about temporal context at the level of list membership, but exploratory analyses revealed representations of temporal context at a coarse level in conjunction with representations of cognitive contexts. Results are consistent with characterizations of CA23DG as a critical site for binding together items and contexts in the service of memory retrieval.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dimsdale-Zucker, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montchal, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reagh, Z. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Libby, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ranganath, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/766311</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hippocampal subfields integrate information about past temporal and cognitive contexts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/769976v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rapid dissemination and monopolization of viral populations in mice revealed using a panel of barcoded viruses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/769976v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The gastrointestinal tract presents a formidable barrier for pathogens to initiate infection. Despite this barrier, enteroviruses, including coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), successfully penetrate the intestine to initiate infection and spread systemically prior to shedding in stool. However, the effect of the gastrointestinal barrier on CVB3 population dynamics is relatively unexplored, nor are the selective pressures acting on CVB3 in the intestine well-characterized. To examine viral population dynamics in orally infected mice, we produced over one hundred CVB3 viruses harboring unique nine nucleotide "barcodes." Using this collection of barcoded viruses, we found diverse viral populations throughout each mouse within the first day post-infection, but by 48 hours the viral populations were dominated by less than three barcoded viruses in intestinal and extra-intestinal tissues. Using light-sensitive viruses to track replication status, we found diverse viruses had replicated prior to loss of diversity. Sequencing whole viral genomes from samples later in infection did not reveal detectable viral adaptations. Surprisingly, orally inoculated CVB3 was detectable in pancreas and liver as soon as 20 minutes post inoculation, indicating rapid systemic dissemination. These results suggest rapid dissemination of diverse viral populations, followed by a major restriction in population diversity and monopolization in all examined tissues. These results underscore a complex dynamic between dissemination and clearance for an enteric virus.nnImportanceEnteric viruses initiate infection in the gastrointestinal tract but can disseminate to systemic sites. However, the dynamics of viral dissemination are unclear. In this study, we created a library of 135 barcoded coxsackieviruses to examine viral population diversity across time and space following oral inoculation of mice. Overall, we found that the broad population of viruses disseminates early, followed by monopolization of mouse tissues with three or fewer pool members at later time points. Interestingly, we detected virus in systemic tissues such as pancreas and liver just 20 minutes post-oral inoculation. These results suggest rapid dissemination of diverse viral populations, followed by a major restriction in population diversity and monopolization in all examined tissues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McCune, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lanahan, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>tenOever, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfeiffer, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/769976</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rapid dissemination and monopolization of viral populations in mice revealed using a panel of barcoded viruses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/771592v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Arginine-enriched mixed-charge domains provide cohesion for nuclear speckle condensation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/771592v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Low-complexity protein domains promote the formation of various biomolecular condensates. However, in many cases, the precise sequence features governing condensate formation and identity remain unclear. Here, we investigate the role of intrinsically disordered mixed-charge domains (MCDs) in nuclear speckle condensation. Proteins composed exclusively of arginine/aspartic-acid dipeptide repeats undergo length-dependent condensation and speckle incorporation. Substituting arginine with lysine in synthetic and natural speckle-associated MCDs abolishes these activities, identifying a key role for multivalent contacts through arginines guanidinium ion. MCDs can synergise with a speckle-associated RNA recognition motif to promote speckle specificity and residence. MCD behaviour is tuneable through net-charge: increasing negative charge abolishes condensation and speckle incorporation. By contrast, increasing positive charge through arginine leads to enhanced condensation, speckle enlargement, decreased splicing factor mobility, and defective mRNA export. Together, these results identify key sequence determinants of MCD-promoted speckle condensation, and link the speckles dynamic material properties with function in mRNA processing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Greig, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Posey, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jedd, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/771592</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Arginine-enriched mixed-charge domains provide cohesion for nuclear speckle condensation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/773028v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mutation of CFAP57 causes primary ciliary dyskinesia by disrupting theasymmetric targeting of a subset of ciliary inner dynein arms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/773028v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is characterized by chronic airway disease, male infertility, and randomization of the left/right body axis, and is caused by defects of motile cilia and sperm flagella. We screened a cohort of affected individuals that lack an obvious TEM structural phenotype for pathogenic variants using whole exome capture and next generation sequencing. The population sampling probability (PSAP) algorithm identified one subject with a homozygous nonsense variant [(c.1762C>T) p.(Arg588*) exon 11] in the uncharacterized CFAP57 gene. In normal human nasal epithelial cells, CFAP57 localizes throughout the ciliary axoneme. Analysis of cells from the PCD patient shows a loss of CFAP57, reduced beat frequency, and an alteration in the ciliary waveform. Knockdown of CFAP57 in human tracheobronchial epithelial cells (hTECs) recapitulates these findings. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CFAP57 is conserved in organisms that assemble motile cilia, and CFAP57 is allelic with the BOP2 gene identified previously in Chlamydomonas. Two independent, insertional fap57 Chlamydomonas mutant strains show reduced swimming velocity and altered waveforms. Tandem mass spectroscopy showed that CFAP57 is missing, and the "g" inner dyneins (DHC7 and DHC3) and the "d" inner dynein (DHC2) are reduced. Our data demonstrate that the FAP57 protein is required for the asymmetric assembly of inner dyneins on only a subset of the microtubule doublets, and this asymmetry is essential for the generation of an effective axonemal waveform. Together, our data identifies mutations in CFAP57 as a cause of PCD with a specific defect in the inner dynein arm assembly process.nnSignificanceMotile cilia are found throughout eukaryotic organisms and performs essential functions. Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare disease that affects the function of motile cilia. By applying a novel population sampling probability algorithm (PSAP) that uses large population sequencing databases and pathogenicity prediction algorithms, we identified a variant in an uncharacterized gene, CFAP57. This is the first reported example of PCD caused by a mutation that affects only a subset of the inner dynein arms, which are needed to generate the waveform. CFAP57 identifies an address for specific dynein arms. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the PSAP algorithm, expand our understanding of the positioning of dynein arms, and identify mutations in CFAP57 as a cause of PCD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bustamante Marin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoyanova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charng, W.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bottier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sears, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniels, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conrad, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knowles, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ostrowski, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zariwala, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dutcher, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/773028</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mutation of CFAP57 causes primary ciliary dyskinesia by disrupting theasymmetric targeting of a subset of ciliary inner dynein arms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/781658v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
G-OnRamp: Generating genome browsers to facilitate undergraduate-driven collaborative genome annotation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/781658v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Scientists are sequencing new genomes at an increasing rate with the goal of associating genome contents with phenotypic traits. After a new genome is sequenced and assembled, structural gene annotation is often the first step in analysis. Despite advances in computational gene prediction algorithms, most eukaryotic genomes still benefit from manual gene annotation. Undergraduates can become skilled annotators, and in the process learn both about genes/genomes and about how to utilize large datasets. Data visualizations provided by a genome browser are essential for manual gene annotation, enabling annotators to quickly evaluate multiple lines of evidence (e.g., sequence similarity, RNA-Seq, gene predictions, repeats). However, creating genome browsers requires extensive computational skills; lack of the expertise required remains a major barrier for many biomedical researchers and educators.nnTo address these challenges, the Genomics Education Partnership (GEP; https://gep.wustl.edu/) has partnered with the Galaxy Project (https://galaxyproject.org) to develop G-OnRamp (http://g-onramp.org), a web-based platform for creating UCSC Assembly Hubs and JBrowse genome browsers. G-OnRamp can also convert a JBrowse instance into an Apollo instance for collaborative genome annotations in research and educational settings. G-OnRamp enables researchers to easily visualize their experimental results, educators to create Course-based Undergraduate Research Experiences (CUREs) centered on genome annotation, and students to participate in genomics research.nnDevelopment of G-OnRamp was guided by extensive user feedback from in-person workshops. Sixty-five researchers and educators from over 40 institutions participated in these workshops, which produced over 20 genome browsers now available for research and education. For example, genome browsers for four parasitoid wasp species were used in a CURE engaging 142 students taught by 13 faculty members -- producing a total of 192 gene models. G-OnRamp can be deployed on a personal computer or on cloud computing platforms, and the genome browsers produced can be transferred to the CyVerse Data Store for long-term access.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sargent, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leung, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mortimer, N. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopatto, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goecks, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elgin, S. C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/781658</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[G-OnRamp: Generating genome browsers to facilitate undergraduate-driven collaborative genome annotation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/787697v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chemerin increases T-cell mediated cytotoxicity of human tumors via modulation of a novel CMKLR1/PTEN/PD-L1 axis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/787697v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chemerin (RARRES2) is an endogenous leukocyte chemoattractant known to recruit innate immune cells through its chemotactic receptor, CMKLR1. RARRES2 is often downregulated in prostate cancer and across multiple tumor types compared to normal tissue. Additionally, a methylome-wide analysis identified RARRES2 as one of the most hypermethylated genes in sarcoma. Recent studies have shown that augmenting chemerin in the tumor microenvironment significantly suppresses tumor growth, at least in part by recruitment of immune effector cells. However, as tumor cells have been shown to express functional chemokine receptors that can impact their phenotype, we hypothesized that chemerin might have additional, tumor-intrinsic effects. Here, we show for the first time that human cancer cells exposed to exogenous chemerin significantly upregulate PTEN expression and activity. Additionally, chemerin-induced PTEN expression correlated with a concomitant reduction in PD-L1 mRNA and protein expression. Chemerin treatment of tumor cells led to significantly reduced tumor cell migration/invasion, as well as significantly increased cytotoxicity by T cells. siRNA knockdown of tumor expressed CMKLR1 abrogated chemerin-induced modulation of PTEN and PD-L1 expression and activity, supporting the presence of a CMKLR1/PTEN/PD-L1 signaling cascade. We then compared chemerin treatment to PD-L1 inhibition by siRNA knockdown or the antagonistic antibody atezolizumab in T cell cytotoxicity assays and surprisingly found chemerin treatment was as effective as both PD-L1 knockdown and atezolizumab treatment in mediating tumor lysis. Collectively, our data show a novel link between chemerin, PTEN and PD-L1 in human tumor lines, with functional consequences that may have a role in improving T cell-mediated immunotherapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rennier, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krug, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Virdi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shin, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pachynski, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/787697</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chemerin increases T-cell mediated cytotoxicity of human tumors via modulation of a novel CMKLR1/PTEN/PD-L1 axis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/789453v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Robust organelle size control via bursty growth 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/789453v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
One of the grand challenges in quantitative cell biology is understanding the precision with which cells assemble and maintain subcellular organelles. A critical property that governs organelle function is its size. Organelle sizes must be flexible enough to allow cells to grow or shrink them as environments demand, yet be maintained within homeostatic limits. Despite identification of numerous molecular factors that regulate organelle sizes we lack insight into the quantitative principles underlying organelle size control. Here we examine organelle sizes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and human iPS cells with mathematical theory to show that cells can robustly control average fluctuations in organelle size. By demonstrating that organelle sizes obey a universal scaling relationship we predict theoretically, our framework suggests that organelles grow in random bursts from a limited pool of building blocks. Burst-like growth provides a general biophysical mechanism by which cells can maintain on average reliable yet plastic organelle sizes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Amiri, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalish, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukherji, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/789453</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Robust organelle size control via bursty growth]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/790410v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Homeostatic mechanisms regulate distinct aspects of cortical circuit dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/790410v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Homeostasis is indispensable to counteract the destabilizing effects of Hebbian plasticity. Although it is commonly assumed that homeostasis modulates synaptic strength, membrane excitability and firing rates, its role at the neural circuit and network level is unknown. Here, we identify changes in higher-order network properties of freely behaving rodents during prolonged visual deprivation. Strikingly, our data reveal that pairwise functional correlations and their structure are subject to homeostatic regulation. Using a computational model, we demonstrate that the interplay of different plasticity and homeostatic mechanisms can capture the initial drop and delayed recovery of firing rates and correlations observed experimentally. Moreover, our model indicates that synaptic scaling is crucial for the recovery of correlations and network structure, while intrinsic plasticity is essential for the rebound of firing rates, suggesting that synaptic scaling and intrinsic plasticity can serve distinct functions in homeostatically regulating network dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hengen, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turrigiano, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gjorgjieva, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/790410</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Homeostatic mechanisms regulate distinct aspects of cortical circuit dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/793455v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ProteoClade: a taxonomic toolkit for multi-species and metaproteomic analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/793455v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We present ProteoClade, a Python toolkit that performs taxa-specific peptide assignment, protein inference, and quantitation for multi-species proteomics experiments. ProteoClade scales to hundreds of millions of protein sequences, requires minimal computational resources, and is open source, multi-platform, and accessible to non-programmers. We demonstrate its utility for processing quantitative proteomic data derived from patient-derived xenografts and its speed and scalability enable a novel de novo proteomic workflow for complex microbiota samples.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mooradian, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Post, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naegle, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Held, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/793455</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ProteoClade: a taxonomic toolkit for multi-species and metaproteomic analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/796862v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural basis of cowpox evasion of NKG2D immunosurveillance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/796862v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
NKG2D is a key component of cytotoxic antitumor and antiviral responses. Multiple viruses evade NKG2D recognition by blocking NKG2D ligand expression on infected cells. In contrast, cowpox virus targets NKG2D directly by encoding a secreted antagonist, Orthopoxvirus MHC Class I-like Protein (OMCP). We have previously reported that OMCP also binds to the orphan receptor FcRL5 on innate B cells. Here, we demonstrate that mammalian-derived, glycosylated OMCP binds NKG2D but not FcRL5. Cowpox viruses either lacking OMCP, or expressing an NKG2D-binding deficient mutant, are significantly attenuated in wild type and FcRL5-deficient mice but not NKG2D-deficient mice, demonstrating that OMCP is critical in subverting NKG2D-mediated immunity in vivo. Next we determined the structure of OMCP bound to human NKG2D. Despite a structure similar to that of host NKG2D ligands, OMCP uses a drastically different orientation for NKG2D binding. The re-orientation of OMCP is associated with dramatically higher affinity for human NKG2D and the targeted interface is highly conserved in mammalian NKG2Ds, increasing the zoonotic potential of cowpox virus. We also show that cell surface presented OMCP can trigger NKG2D effector functions equivalently to host NKG2D ligands, demonstrating that NKG2D-mediated signaling requires clustering but is insensitive to binding orientation. Thus, in contrast to TCR/MHC interactions, the docking topology of NKG2D with its ligands does not appear to regulate its activation.nnAuthor SummaryVirally infected or tumor-transformed cells display NKG2D ligands (NKG2DLs) on their cell surface, which activates NKG2D-bearing lymphocytes to kill the transformed cell. Pathogens are known to counter this by blocking NKG2DL expression and/or surface display. In contrast, some tumor cells cleave endogenous NKG2DLs creating soluble NKG2D antagonists. Unlike other viral pathogens, cowpox virus uses a strategy analogous to cancer cells by targeting NKG2D directly with a soluble, high affinity NKG2D-antagonist named OMCP. We determined that OMCPs virulence in vivo is attributed to blocking NKG2D-mediated NK cell responses with no apparent effect due to binding to other receptors or cell types. We have also determined the crystal structure of cowpox OMCP bound to human NKG2D, revealing that despite conservation of the ligand scaffolding with host NKG2DLs, the viral protein is engaged with a radically altered orientation compared to all host NKG2DLs. Our structure provides key insight into how OMCP binds with an [~]5,000-fold increased affinity compared to human NKG2DLs and show that the OMCP binding site is exceptionally conserved among primates and rodents, suggesting that the ability of OMCP to recognize this conserved interface contributes to the broad zoonotic potential of cowpox virus. Finally, we show that cell membrane-anchored OMCP can trigger equivalent NKG2D-mediated killing as host NKG2DLs, demonstrating that NKG2D signaling is insensitive to ligand binding orientation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lazear, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geurs, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lippold, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krupnick, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carayannolpoulos, L. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>French, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fremont, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/796862</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural basis of cowpox evasion of NKG2D immunosurveillance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/799619v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fatty acid oxidation impairs macrophage effector functions that control Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/799619v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Macrophage activation involves metabolic reprogramming to support antimicrobial cellular functions. How these metabolic shifts influence the outcome of infection by intracellular pathogens remains incompletely understood. M. tuberculosis (Mtb) modulates host metabolic pathways and utilizes host nutrients, including cholesterol and fatty acids, to survive within macrophages. We found that intracellular growth of Mtb depends on host fatty acid catabolism: when host fatty acid {beta}-oxidation (FAO) was blocked chemically with trimetazidine, a compound in clinical use, or genetically by deletion of the mitochondrial fatty acid transporter carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2), Mtb failed to grow in macrophages and its growth was attenuated in mice. Global metabolic profiling and mechanistic studies support a model in which inhibition of FAO generates mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, which enhance macrophage NADPH oxidase and xenophagy activity to better control Mtb infection. Thus, FAO inhibition promotes key antimicrobial functions of macrophages and overcomes immune evasion mechanisms of Mtb.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chandra, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmerman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koster, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouimet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dartois, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schilling, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Philips, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/799619</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fatty acid oxidation impairs macrophage effector functions that control Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/805945v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Encephalitic alphaviruses exploit caveolae-mediated transcytosis at the blood-brain barrier for CNS entry 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/805945v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Venezuelan and Western equine encephalitis viruses (VEEV and WEEV) invade the CNS early during infection, via neuronal and hematogenous routes (1, 2). While viral replication mediates host-shut off, including expression of type I interferons (IFN) (3, 4), few studies have addressed how alphaviruses gain access to the CNS during established infection or the mechanisms of viral crossing at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Here, we show that hematogenous dissemination of VEEV and WEEV into the CNS occurs via caveolin (Cav)-1-mediated transcytosis (Cav-MT) across an intact BBB, which is impeded by IFN and inhibitors of RhoA GTPase. Use of reporter and non-replicative strains also demonstrates that IFN signaling mediates viral restriction within cells comprising the neurovascular unit (NVU), differentially rendering brain endothelial cells, pericytes and astrocytes permissive to viral replication. Transmission and immunoelectron microscopy revealed early events in virus internalization and Cav-1-association within brain endothelial cells. Cav-1-deficient mice exhibit diminished CNS VEEV and WEEV titers during early infection, whereas viral burdens in peripheral tissues remained unchanged. Our findings show that alphaviruses exploit Cav-MT to enter the CNS, and that IFN differentially restricts this process at the BBB.nnImportanceVEEV, WEEV and EEEV are emerging infectious diseases in the Americas, and they have caused several major outbreaks in the human and horse population during the past few decades. Shortly after infection, these viruses can infect the CNS, resulting in severe long-term neurological deficits or death. Neuroinvasion has been associated with virus entry into the CNS directly from the blood-stream, however the underlying molecular mechanisms have remained largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that following peripheral infection alphavirus augments vesicular formation/trafficking at the BBB and utilizes Cav-MT to cross an intact BBB, a process regulated by activators of Rho GTPAses within brain endothelium. In vivo examination of early viral entry in Cav-1-deficient mice revealed significantly lower viral burdens than in similarly infected wild-type animals. These studies identify a potentially targetable pathway to limit neuroinvasion by alphaviruses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Klein, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salimi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cain, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roth, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beatty, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klimstra, W. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/805945</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Encephalitic alphaviruses exploit caveolae-mediated transcytosis at the blood-brain barrier for CNS entry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/808725v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The tip of the VgrG spike is essential to functional type VI secretion assembly in Acinetobacter baumannii 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/808725v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a critical weapon in bacterial warfare between Gram-negative bacteria. Although invaluable for niche establishment, this machine represents an energetic burden to its host bacterium. Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen that poses a serious threat to public health due to its high rates of multidrug resistance. In some A. baumannii strains, the T6SS is transcriptionally downregulated by large multidrug-resistance plasmids. Other strains, such as the clinical isolate AbCAN2, express T6SS-related genes but lack T6SS activity under laboratory conditions, despite not harboring these plasmids. This suggests that alternative mechanisms exist to repress the T6SS. Here, we employed a transposon mutagenesis approach in AbCAN2 to identify novel T6SS repressors. Our screen revealed that the T6SS of this strain is inhibited by a homolog of VgrG, an essential structural component of all T6SSs reported to date. We named this protein inhibitory VgrG (VgrGi). Biochemical and in silico analyses demonstrated that the unprecedented inhibitory capability of VgrGi is due to a single amino acid mutation in the widely conserved C-terminal domain of unknown function DUF2345. We also show that unlike in other bacteria, the C-terminus of VgrG is essential for functional T6SS assembly in A. baumannii. Our study provides insight into the architectural requirements underlying functional assembly of the T6SS of A. baumannii. We propose that T6SS-inactivating point mutations are beneficial to the host bacterium, as they eliminate the energy cost associated with maintaining a functional T6SS, which appears to be unnecessary for A. baumannii virulence.nnImportanceDespite the clinical relevance of A. baumannii, little is known about its fundamental biology. Here, we show that a single amino acid mutation in VgrG, a critical T6SS structural protein, abrogates T6SS function. Given that this mutation was found in a clinical isolate, we propose that the T6SS of A. baumannii is likely not involved in virulence, an idea supported by multiple genomic analyses showing that the majority of clinical A. baumannii strains lack proteins essential to the T6SS. We also show that, unlike in other species, the C-terminus of VgrG is a unique architectural requirement for functional T6SS assembly in A. baumannii, suggesting that over evolutionary time, bacteria have developed changes to their T6SS architecture, leading to specialized systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lopez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ly, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feldman, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/808725</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The tip of the VgrG spike is essential to functional type VI secretion assembly in Acinetobacter baumannii]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/811067v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Joint phylogenetic estimation of geographic movements and biome shifts during the global diversification of Viburnum 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/811067v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phylogeny, fossils, biogeography, and biome occupancy provide evidence that reflects the singular evolutionary history of a clade. Despite the connections that bind them together, these lines of evidence are most often studied separately, by first inferring a fossil-dated molecular phylogeny, then mapping on ancestral ranges and biomes inferred from extant species. Here we jointly model the evolution of biogeographic ranges, biome affinities, and molecular sequences, incorporating fossils to estimate a dated phylogeny for all of the 163 extant species of the woody plant clade Viburnum (Adoxaceae) that we currently recognize. Our analyses indicate that while the major Viburnum lineages evolved in the Eocene, the majority of extant species originated since the Miocene. Viburnum radiated first in Asia, in warm, broad-leaved evergreen (lucidophyllous) forests. Within Asia we infer several early shifts into more tropical forests, and multiple shifts into forests that experience prolonged freezing. From Asia we infer two early movements into the New World. These two lineages probably first occupied warm temperate forests and adapted later to spreading cold climates. One of these lineages (Porphyrotinus) occupied cloud forests and moved south through the mountains of the Neotropics. Several other movements into North America took place more recently, facilitated by prior adaptations to freezing in the Old World. We also infer four disjunctions between Asia and Europe: the Tinus lineage is the oldest and probably occupied warm forests when it spread, while the other three were more recent and in cold-adapted lineages. These results variously contradict published accounts, especially the view that Viburnum radiated initially in cold forests and, accordingly, maintained vessel elements with scalariform perforations. We explored how the location and biome assignments of fossils affected our inference of ancestral areas and biome states. Our results are sensitive to, but not entirely dependent upon, the inclusion of fossil biome data. We argue that it will be critical to take advantage of all available lines of evidence to decipher events in the distant past, and the joint estimation approach developed here provides cautious hope even when fossil evidence is limited.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Landis, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eaton, D. A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clement, W. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spriggs, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sweeney, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donoghue, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/811067</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Joint phylogenetic estimation of geographic movements and biome shifts during the global diversification of Viburnum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/811505v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Amygdalostriatal coupling underpins positive but not negative coloring of ambiguous affect 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/811505v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Humans routinely integrate affective information from multiple sources. For example, we rarely interpret an emotional facial expression devoid of context. Here, we describe the neural correlates of an affective computation that involves integrating multiple sources, by leveraging the ambiguity and subtle feature-based valence signals found in surprised faces. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, participants reported the valence of surprised faces modulated by positive or negative sentences. Amygdala activity corresponded to the valence value assigned to each contextually modulated face, with greater activity reflecting more negative ratings. Amygdala activity did not track the valence of the faces or sentences per se. Moreover, the amygdala was functionally coupled with the nucleus accumbens only during face trials preceded by positive contextual cues. These data suggest 1) valence-related amygdala activity reflects the integrated valence values rather than the valence values of each individual component, and 2) amygdalostriatal coupling underpins positive but not negative coloring of ambiguous affect.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mattek, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/811505</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Amygdalostriatal coupling underpins positive but not negative coloring of ambiguous affect]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/811711v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The genetic architecture of human brainstem structures and their involvement in common brain disorders 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/811711v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Brainstem regions support critical bodily functions, yet their genetic architectures and involvement in brain disorders remain understudied. Here, we examined volumes of brainstem structures using magnetic resonance imaging in 43,353 individuals. In 27,034 genotyped healthy participants, we identified 16 genetic loci associated with whole brainstem volume and 10, 23, 3, and 9 loci associated with volumes of the midbrain, pons, superior cerebellar peduncle, and medulla oblongata, respectively. These loci were mapped to 305 genes, including genes linked to brainstem development and common brain disorders. We detected genetic overlap between the brainstem volumes and eight psychiatric and neurological disorders. Using imaging data from 16,319 additional individuals, we observed differential volume alterations in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, multiple sclerosis, mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and Parkinsons disease. Together, our results provide new insights into the genetic underpinnings of brainstem structures and support their involvement in common brain disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Elvsashagen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bahrami, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Meer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agartz, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alnaes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barch, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baur-Streubel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertolino, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beyer, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blasi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borgwardt, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boye, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buitelaar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Celius, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cervenka, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conzelmann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coynel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Carlo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Djurovic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eisenacher, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Espeseth, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fatouros-Bergman, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flyckt, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franke, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frei, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gelao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harbo, H. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartman, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haberg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heslenfeld, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoekstra, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hogestol, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonassen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonsson, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirsch, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kloszewska, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lagerberg, T. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landro, N. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Hellard, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lesch, K.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maglanoc, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/811711</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The genetic architecture of human brainstem structures and their involvement in common brain disorders]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/817106v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dopamine buffering capacity imaging: A pharmacodynamic fMRI method for staging Parkinson disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/817106v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We propose a novel brain imaging method for objectively quantifying disease severity in Parkinson disease (PD). Levodopa pharmacological fMRI (phMRI) hysteresis mapping is based on the clinical observation that the benefit from a dose of levodopa wears off more quickly as PD progresses. Biologically this has been thought to represent decreased buffering capacity for dopamine as nigrostriatal cells die. Buffering capacity has been modeled previously based on clinical effects, but clinical measurements are influenced by confounding factors such as patient fatigue. The new method proposes to measure the effect directly and objectively based on the timing of the known metabolic and blood flow response of several brain regions to exogenous levodopa. Such responses are robust and can be quantified without ionizing radiation using perfusion MRI.nnHere we present simulation studies based on published clinical dose-response data and an intravenous levodopa infusion. Standard pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic methods were used to model the response. Then the effect site rate constant ke was estimated from simulated response data plus Gaussian noise.nnPredicted time:effect curves sampled at times consistent with phMRI differ substantially based on clinical severity. Estimated ke from noisy input data was recovered with good accuracy.nnThese simulation results support the feasibility of levodopa phMRI hysteresis mapping to measure the severity of dopamine denervation objectively and simultaneously in several brain regions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Black, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acevedo, H. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koller, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/817106</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dopamine buffering capacity imaging: A pharmacodynamic fMRI method for staging Parkinson disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/822775v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NADPH and glutathione redox link TCA cycle activity to endoplasmic reticulum stress 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/822775v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is associated with dysregulated metabolism, but little is known about how the ER responds to metabolic activity. Here, working primarily in mouse hepatocytes, we show that decreasing the availability of substrate for the TCA cycle diminished NADPH production and attenuated ER stress in a manner that depended on glutathione oxidation. ER stress was also alleviated by impairing either TCA-dependent NADPH production or Glutathione Reductase. Conversely, stimulating TCA activity favored NADPH production, glutathione reduction, and ER stress. Validating these findings, we show that deletion of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier, which is known to decrease TCA cycle activity and protect the liver from diet-induced injury, also diminished NADPH, elevated glutathione oxidation, and alleviated ER stress. These results provide independent genetic evidence that mitochondrial oxidative metabolism is linked to ER homeostasis. Our results demonstrate a novel pathway of communication between mitochondria and the ER, through relay of redox metabolites.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gansemer, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCommis, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martino, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King-McAlpin, A. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Potthoff, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finck, B. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rutkowski, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/822775</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NADPH and glutathione redox link TCA cycle activity to endoplasmic reticulum stress]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/832279v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gain-of-function genetic screen of the kinome reveals BRSK2 as an inhibitor of the NRF2 transcription factor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/832279v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
NFE2L2/NRF2 is a transcription factor and master regulator of cellular antioxidant response. Aberrantly high NRF2-dependent transcription is recurrent in human cancer, and conversely NRF2 protein levels as well as activity is diminished with age and in neurodegenerative disorders. Though NRF2 activating drugs are clinically beneficial, NRF2 inhibitors do not yet exist. Here we used a gain-of-function genetic screen of the kinome to identify new druggable regulators of NRF2 signaling. We found that the understudied protein kinase Brain Specific Kinase 2 (BRSK2) and the related BRSK1 kinases suppress NRF2-dependent transcription and NRF2 protein levels in an activity-dependent manner. Integrated phosphoproteomics and RNAseq studies revealed that BRSK2 drives AMPK activation and suppresses mTOR signaling. As a result, BRSK2 kinase activation suppressed ribosome-RNA complexes, global protein synthesis, and NRF2 protein levels. Collectively, our data establish the catalytically active BRSK2 kinase as a negative regulator of NRF2 via the AMPK/mTOR signaling. This signaling axis may prove useful for therapeutically targeting NRF2 in human diseases.nnSummary StatementBRSK2 suppresses NRF2 signaling by inhibiting protein synthesis through mTOR downregulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tamir, T. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agajanian, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldfarb, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schrank, T. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stohrer, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hale, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siesser, P. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weir, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LaPak, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weissman, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moorman, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Major, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/832279</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gain-of-function genetic screen of the kinome reveals BRSK2 as an inhibitor of the NRF2 transcription factor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/832527v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modeling phylogenetic biome shifts on a planet with a past 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/832527v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The spatial distribution of biomes has changed considerably over deep time, so the geographical opportunity for an evolutionary lineage to shift into a new biome may depend on how the availability and connectivity of biomes has varied temporally. To better understand how lineages shift between biomes in space and time, we developed a phylogenetic biome shift model in which each lineage shifts between biomes and disperses between regions at rates that depend on the lineages biome affinity and location relative to the spatiotemporal distribution of biomes at any given time. To study the behavior of the biome shift model in an empirical setting, we developed a literature-based representation of paleobiome structure for three mesic forest biomes, six regions, and eight time strata, ranging from the Late Cretaceous (100 Ma) through the present. We then fitted the model to a time-calibrated phylogeny of 119 Viburnum species to compare how the results responded to various realistic or unrealistic assumptions about paleobiome structure.

Ancestral biome estimates that account for paleobiome dynamics reconstructed a warm temperate (or tropical) origin of Viburnum, which is consistent with previous fossil-based estimates of ancestral biomes. Imposing unrealistic paleobiome distributions led to ancestral biome estimates that eliminated support for tropical origins, and instead inflated support for cold temperate ancestry throughout the warmer Paleocene and Eocene. The biome shift model we describe is applicable to the study of evolutionary systems beyond Viburnum, and the core mechanisms of our model are extensible to the design of richer phylogenetic models of historical biogeography and/or lineage diversification. We conclude that biome shift models that account for dynamic geographical opportunities are important for inferring ancestral biomes that are compatible with our understanding of Earth history.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Landis, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donoghue, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/832527</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modeling phylogenetic biome shifts on a planet with a past]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/837161v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Removal of high frequency contamination from motion estimates in single-band fMRI saves data without biasing functional connectivity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/837161v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Denoising fMRI data requires assessment of frame-to-frame head motion and removal of the biases motion introduces. This is usually done through analysis of the parameters calculated during retrospective head motion correction (i.e.,  motion parameters). However, it is increasingly recognized that respiration introduces factitious head motion via perturbations of the main (B0) field. This effect appears as higher-frequency fluctuations in the motion parameters (> 0.1 Hz, here referred to as  HF-motion), primarily in the phase-encoding direction. This periodicity can sometimes be obscured in standard single-band fMRI (TR 2.0 - 2.5 s.) due to aliasing. Here we examined (1) how prevalent HF-motion effects are in seven single-band datasets with TR from 2.0 - 2.5 s and (2) how HF-motion affects functional connectivity. We demonstrate that HF-motion is relatively trait-like and more common in older adults, those with higher body mass index, and those with lower cardiorespiratory fitness. We propose a low-pass filtering approach to remove the contamination of high frequency effects from motion summary measures, such as framewise displacement (FD). We demonstrate that in most datasets this filtering approach saves a substantial amount of data from FD-based frame censoring, while at the same time reducing motion biases in functional connectivity measures. These findings suggest that filtering motion parameters is an effective way to improve the fidelity of head motion estimates, even in single band datasets. Particularly large data savings may accrue in datasets acquired in older and less fit participants.

Highlights- Single-band fMRI motion traces show factitious high-frequency content (HF-motion)
- The magnitude of HF-motion relates to age and other demographic factors
- HF-motion elevates framewise displacement (FD) and causes data loss
- Substantial fMRI data can be recovered from censoring by filtering motion traces
- Filtering motion traces reduces motion artifacts in functional connectivity
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gratton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coalson, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dworetsky, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adeyemo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laumann, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wig, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gratton, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fabiani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barch, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tranel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miranda-Dominguez, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fair, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dosenbach, N. U. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snyder, A. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perlmutter, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petersen, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/837161</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Removal of high frequency contamination from motion estimates in single-band fMRI saves data without biasing functional connectivity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/842468v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Protein prenylation and Hsp40 in thermotolerance of Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/842468v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During its complex life cycle, the malaria parasite survives dramatic changes in environmental temperature. Protein prenylation is required during asexual replication of Plasmodium falciparum, and heat shock protein 40 (HSP40; PF3D7_1437900) is post-translationally modified with a 15-carbon farnesyl isoprenyl group. In other organisms, farnesylation of Hsp40 orthologs controls its localization and function, including temperature stress survival. In this work, we find that plastidial isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) synthesis and protein farnesylation are required for malaria parasite survival after cold and heat shock. Furthermore, loss of HSP40 farnesylation alters its membrane attachment and interaction with proteins involved in crucial biological processes, such as glycolysis and cytoskeletal organization. Together, this work reveals that farnesylation of HSP40 in P. falciparum is a novel essential function of plastidial isoprenoid biosynthesis. We propose a model by which farnesyl-HSP40 promotes parasite thermotolerance and facilitates vesicular trafficking through its interaction with client proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mathews, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jezewski, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Odom John, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/842468</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Protein prenylation and Hsp40 in thermotolerance of Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/843367v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Diffusion Histology Imaging Detects and Classifies Glioblastoma Pathology Missed by Conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/843367v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PurposeGlioblastoma (GBM) is one of the deadliest cancers with no cure. While conventional MRI has been widely adopted for examining GBM clinically, accurate neuroimaging assessment of tumor histopathology for improved diagnosis, surgical planning, and treatment evaluation, remains an unmet need in the clinical management of GBMs.

Experimental DesignWe employ a novel Diffusion Histology Imaging (DHI) approach, combining diffusion basis spectrum imaging (DBSI) and machine learning, to detect, differentiate, and quantify areas of high cellularity, tumor necrosis, and tumor infiltration in GBM.

ResultsGd-enhanced T1W or hyper-intense FLAIR failed to reflect the morphological complexity underlying tumor in GBM patients. Contrary to the conventional wisdom that apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) negatively correlates with increased tumor cellularity, we demonstrate disagreement between ADC and histologically confirmed tumor cellularity in glioblastoma specimens, whereas DBSI-derived restricted isotropic diffusion fraction positively correlated with tumor cellularity in the same specimens. By incorporating DBSI metrics as classifiers for a supervised machine learning algorithm, we accurately predicted high tumor cellularity, tumor necrosis, and tumor infiltration with 87.5%, 89.0% and 93.4% accuracy, respectively.

ConclusionOur results suggest that DHI could serve as a favorable alternative to current neuroimaging techniques for guiding biopsy or surgery as well as monitoring therapeutic response in the treatment of glioblastoma.

Translational RelevanceCurrent clinical diagnosis, surgical planning, and assessment of treatment response for GBM patients relies heavily on gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted MRI, which is non-specific for tumor growth and merely reflects a disrupted blood-brain barrier. The complex tumor microenvironment and spatial heterogeneity make GBM difficult to characterize using current clinical imaging modalities. In this study, we developed a novel imaging technique to characterize and accurately predict key histological features of GBM - high tumor cellularity, tumor necrosis, and tumor infiltration. While further validation in a larger cohort of patients is needed, the current proof-of-concept approach could provide a solution to resolve important clinical questions such as the identification of true tumor progression vs. pseudoprogression or radiation necrosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ye, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Price, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gary, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallendorf, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campian, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dahiya, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, S.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/843367</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Diffusion Histology Imaging Detects and Classifies Glioblastoma Pathology Missed by Conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/847129v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and photon count histograms in small domains. Part I: General theory 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/847129v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Analysis of fluctuations arising as fluorescent particles pass through a focused laser beam has enabled quantitative characterization of molecular kinetic processes. The mathematical frameworks of both fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and photon counting histogram (PCH) analysis, which can measure these fluctuations, assume an infinite Gaussian beam, which prevents their application to particles within domains bounded at the nanoscale. We therefore derived general forms of FCS and PCH for bounded systems. The finite domain form of FCS differs from the classical form in its boundary and initial conditions and requires development of a new Fourier space solution for fitting data. Our finite-domain FCS predicts simulated data accurately and reduces to a previous model for the special case of molecules confined by two boundaries under Gaussian beams. Our approach enables estimation of the concentration of diffusing fluorophores within a finite domain for the first time. The method opens the possibility of quantification of kinetics in several systems for which this has never been possible, including in the one-dimensional lipid tubules discussed in Part 2 of this paper.

Statement of SignificanceMethods based on fluorescence measurements of molecular concentration fluctuations, including Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy and Photon Count Histogram analysis, are widely used to determine rates of diffusion, chemical reaction and sizes of molecular aggregates. Typically, the range over which the molecules can diffuse is large compared to the size of the focused laser beam that excites the fluorescence. This work extends these measurements to systems that are comparable in size to the excitation laser beam. This extends the application of these methods to very small samples such as the interior of bacterial cells or the diffusion of molecules along individual macromolecules such as DNA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Elson, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melnykov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genin, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/847129</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and photon count histograms in small domains. Part I: General theory]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/847384v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Wnt Regulation: Exploring Axin-Disheveled interactions and defining mechanisms by which the SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase is recruited to the destruction complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/847384v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Wnt signaling plays key roles in embryonic development and adult stem cell homeostasis, and is altered in human cancer. Signaling is turned on and off by regulating stability of the effector {beta}-catenin. The multiprotein destruction complex binds and phosphorylates {beta}-catenin, and transfers it to the SCF-TrCP E3-ubiquitin ligase, for ubiquitination and destruction. Wnt signals act though Dishevelled to turn down the destruction complex, stabilizing {beta}-catenin. Recent work clarified underlying mechanisms, but important questions remain. We explore {beta}-catenin transfer from the destruction complex to the E3 ligase, and test models suggesting Dishevelled and APC2 compete for association with Axin. We find that Slimb/TrCP is a dynamic component of the destruction complex biomolecular condensate, while other E3 proteins are not. Recruitment requires Axin and not APC, and Axins RGS domain plays an important role. We find that elevating Dishevelled levels in Drosophila embryos has paradoxical effects, promoting the ability of limiting levels of Axin to turn off Wnt signaling. When we elevate Dishevelled levels, it forms its own cytoplasmic puncta, but these do not recruit Axin. SIM imaging in mammalian cells suggests that this may result by promoting Dishevelled: Dishevelled interactions at the expense of Dishevelled:Axin interactions when Dishevelled levels are high.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schaefer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pronobis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bauer, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldfarb, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Major, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peifer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/847384</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Wnt Regulation: Exploring Axin-Disheveled interactions and defining mechanisms by which the SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase is recruited to the destruction complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/849257v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Light dependent activation of the GCN2 kinase under cold and salt stress is mediated by the photosynthetic status of the chloroplast 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/849257v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Regulation of cytosolic mRNA translation is a key node for rapid adaptation to environmental stress conditions. In yeast and animals, phosphorylation of the -subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF2 is the most thoroughly characterized event in regulating global translation under stress. In plants, the GCN2 kinase (General Control Non-derepressible-2) is the only known kinase for eIF2. GCN2 is activated under a variety of stresses including reactive oxygen species. Here we provide new evidence that the GCN2 kinase in Arabidopsis is also activated rapidly and in a light dependent manner by cold and salt treatments. These treatments alone did not repress global mRNA ribosome loading in a major way. The activation of GCN2 was attenuated by inhibitors of photosynthesis and antioxidants, suggesting that it is gated by the redox poise or the reactive oxygen status of the chloroplast. In keeping with these results, gcn2 mutant seedlings were more sensitive than wild type to both cold and salt in a root elongation assay. These data suggest that cold and salt stress may both affect the status of the cytosolic translation apparatus via the conserved GCN2-eIF2 module. The potential role of the GCN2 kinase pathway in the global repression of translation under abiotic stress will be discussed.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lokdarshi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morgan, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franks, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emert, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emanuel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von Arnim, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/849257</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Light dependent activation of the GCN2 kinase under cold and salt stress is mediated by the photosynthetic status of the chloroplast]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/854406v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Heterogeneity of Human MSC Chondrogenesis: Lasso Regularized Logistic Regression to Identify Gene and Regulatory Signatures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/854406v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit the potential to undergo chondrogenesis in vitro, forming de novo tissues with a cartilage-like extracellular matrix that is rich in glycosaminoglycan and collagen type II. However, it is now apparent that MSCs comprise an inhomogeneous population of cells, and the fate of individual subpopulations during this differentiation process is not well understood. We analyzed the trajectory of MSC differentiation during chondrogenesis using single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Using a machine learning technique - lasso regularized logistic regression - we showed that multiple subpopulations of cells existed at all stages during MSC chondrogenesis and were better-defined by transcription factor activity rather than gene expression. Trajectory analysis indicated that subpopulations of MSCs were not intrinsically specified or restricted, but instead remained multipotent and could differentiate into three main cell types: cartilage, hypertrophic cartilage, and bone. Lasso regularized logistic regression showed several advances in scRNA-seq analysis, namely identification of a small number of highly influential genes or transcription factors for downstream validation, and cell type classification with high accuracy. Additionally, we showed that MSC differentiation trajectory may exhibit donor to donor variation, although key influential pathways were comparable between donors. Our data provide an important resource to study gene expression and to deconstruct gene regulatory networks in MSC differentiation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huynh, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, N. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katz, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guilak, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/854406</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Heterogeneity of Human MSC Chondrogenesis: Lasso Regularized Logistic Regression to Identify Gene and Regulatory Signatures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/854851v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functions of Gtf2i and Gtf2ird1 in the developing brain: transcription, DNA-binding, and long term behavioral consequences. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/854851v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gtf2ird1 and Gtf2i may mediate aspects of the cognitive and behavioral phenotypes of Williams Syndrome (WS) - a microdeletion syndrome encompassing these transcription factors (TFs). Knockout mouse models of each TF show behavioral phenotypes. Here we identify their genomic binding sites in the developing brain, and test for additive effects of their mutation on transcription and behavior. Both TFs target constrained chromatin modifier and synaptic protein genes, including a significant number of ASD genes. They bind promoters, strongly overlap CTCF binding and TAD boundaries, and moderately overlap each other, suggesting epistatic effects. We used single and double mutants to test whether mutating both TFs will modify transcriptional and behavioral phenotypes of single Gtf2ird1 mutants. Despite little difference in DNA-binding and transcriptome-wide expression, Gtf2ird1 mutation caused balance, marble burying, and conditioned fear phenotypes. However, mutating Gtf2i in addition to Gtf2ird1 did not further modify transcriptomic or most behavioral phenotypes, suggesting Gtf2ird1 mutation alone is sufficient.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kopp, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nygaard, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCullough, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maloney, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabel, H. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/854851</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functions of Gtf2i and Gtf2ird1 in the developing brain: transcription, DNA-binding, and long term behavioral consequences.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/862680v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiplexed single-cell autism modeling reveals convergent mechanisms altering neuronal differentiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/862680v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The overwhelming success of exome- and genome-wide association studies in discovering thousands of disease-associated genes necessitates novel high-throughput functional genomics approaches to elucidate the mechanisms of these genes. Here, we have coupled multiplexed repression of neurodevelopmental disease-associated genes to single-cell transcriptional profiling in differentiating human neurons to rapidly assay the functions of multiple genes in a disease-relevant context, assess potentially convergent mechanisms, and prioritize genes for specific functional assays. For a set of 13 autism spectrum disorder (ASD) associated genes, we demonstrate that this approach generated important mechanistic insights, revealing two functionally convergent modules of ASD genes: one that delays neuron differentiation and one that accelerates it. Five genes that delay neuron differentiation (ADNP, ARID1B, ASH1L, CHD2, and DYRK1A) mechanistically converge, as they all dysregulate genes involved in cell-cycle control and progenitor cell proliferation. Live-cell imaging after individual ASD gene repression validated this functional module, confirming that these genes reduce neural progenitor cell proliferation and neurite growth. Finally, these functionally convergent ASD gene modules predicted shared clinical phenotypes among individuals with mutations in these genes. Altogether these results demonstrate the utility of a novel and simple approach for the rapid functional elucidation of neurodevelopmental disease-associated genes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lalli, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avey, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milbrandt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitra, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/862680</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiplexed single-cell autism modeling reveals convergent mechanisms altering neuronal differentiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/863993v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Contacting domains that segregate lipid from solute transporters in malaria parasites 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/863993v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While membrane contact sites (MCS) between intracellular organelles are abundant1, and cell-cell junctions are classically defined2, very little is known about the contacts between membranes that delimit extracellular junctions within cells, such as those of chloroplasts and intracellular parasites. The malaria parasite replicates within a unique organelle, the parasitophorous vacuole (PV) but the mechanism(s) are obscure by which the limiting membrane of the PV, the parasitophorous vacuolar membrane (PVM), collaborates with the parasite plasma membrane (PPM) to support the transport of proteins, lipids, nutrients, and metabolites between the cytoplasm of the parasite and the cytoplasm of the host erythrocyte (RBC). Here, we demonstrate the existence of multiple micrometer-sized regions of especially close apposition between the PVM and the PPM. To determine if these contact sites are involved in any sort of transport, we localized the PVM nutrient-permeable and protein export channel EXP2, as well as the PPM lipid transporter PfNCR1. We found that EXP2 is excluded from, but PfNCR1 is included within these regions of close apposition. Thus, these two different transport systems handling hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances, respectively, assume complementary and exclusive distributions. This new structural and molecular data assigns a functional significance to a macroscopic membrane domain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Garten, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beck, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roth, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tenkova-Heuser, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heuser, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bleck, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldberg, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmerberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/863993</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Contacting domains that segregate lipid from solute transporters in malaria parasites]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/044412v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide association study of 40,000 individuals identifies two novel loci associated with bipolar disorder 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/044412v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a genetically complex mental illness characterized by severe oscillations of mood and behavior. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several risk loci that together account for a small portion of the heritability. To identify additional risk loci, we performed a two-stage meta-analysis of >9 million genetic variants in 9,784 bipolar disorder patients and 30,471 controls, the largest GWAS of BD to date. In this study, to increase power we used ~2,000 lithium-treated cases with a long-term diagnosis of BD from the Consortium on Lithium Genetics, excess controls, and analytic methods optimized for markers on the X-chromosome. In addition to four known loci, results revealed genome-wide significant associations at two novel loci: an intergenic region on 9p21.3 (rs12553324, p = 5.87x10-9; odds ratio = 1.12) and markers within ERBB2 (rs2517959, p = 4.53x10-9; odds ratio = 1.13). No significant X-chromosome associations were detected and X-linked markers explained very little BD heritability. The results add to a growing list of common autosomal variants involved in BD and illustrate the power of comparing well-characterized cases to an excess of controls in GWAS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liping Hou</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarah E Bergen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nirmala Akula</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jie Song</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christina M Hultman</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mikael Landen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazda Adli</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin Alda</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raffaella Ardau</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbara Arias</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jean-Michel Aubry</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lena Backlund</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Judith A Badner</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas B Barrett</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael Bauer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernhard T Baune</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frank Bellivier</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antonio Benabarre</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Susanne Bengesser</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wade H Berrettini</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abesh Kumar Bhattacharjee</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joanna M Biernacka</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armin Birner</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cinnamon S Bloss</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clara Brichant-Petitjean</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elise T Bui</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>William Byerley</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pablo Cervantes</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caterina Chillotti</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sven Cichon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Francesc Colom</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>William Coryell</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David W Craig</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cristiana Cruceanu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piotr M Czerski</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tony Davis</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandre Dayer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franziska Degenh</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/044412</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide association study of 40,000 individuals identifies two novel loci associated with bipolar disorder]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/129270v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Components Of Alcohol Use And All-Cause Mortality 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/129270v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ImportanceCurrent recommendations for low-risk drinking are based on drinking quantity: up to one drink daily for women and two drinks daily for men. Drinking frequency has not been independently examined for its contribution to mortality.nnObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of drinking frequency on all-cause mortality after adjusting for drinks per day and binge drinking behavior.nnDesignTwo independent observational studies with self-reported alcohol use and subsequent all-cause mortality: the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), and data from Veterans Health Administration clinics (VA).nnSettingEpidemiological sample (NHIS) and VA outpatient database (VA Corporate Data Warehouse).nnParticipants208,661 individuals from the NHIS interviewed between 1997 and 2009 at the age of 30 to 70 with mortality follow-up in the last quarter of 2011; 75,515 VA outpatients born between 1948 and 1968 who completed an alcohol survey in 2008 with mortality follow-up in June 2016.nnExposuresQuantity of alcohol use when not binging (1-2 drinks on typical day, 3-4 drinks on typical day), frequency of non-binge drinking (never, weekly or less, 2-3 times weekly, 4 or more times weekly), and frequency of binge drinking (never, less than weekly, 1-3 times weekly, 4 or more times weekly). Covariates included age, sex, race, and comorbidity.nnMain Outcomes and MeasuresAll-cause mortality.nnResultsAfter adjusting for binge drinking behavior, survival analysis showed an increased risk for all-cause mortality among people who typically drink 1-2 drinks four or more times weekly, relative to people who typically drink 1-2 drinks at a time weekly or less (NHIS dataset HR=1.15, 95% CI 1.06-1.26; VA dataset HR=1.31, 95% CI 1.15-1.49).nnConclusions and RelevanceDrinking four or more times weekly increased risk of all-cause mortality, even among those who drank only 1 or 2 drinks daily. This was seen in both a large epidemiological database and a large hospital-based database, suggesting that the results can be generalized.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hartz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oehlert, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horton, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grucza, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisher, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, K. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sumerall, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neal, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Regnier, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattarai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evanoff, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bierut, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-04-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/129270</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Components Of Alcohol Use And All-Cause Mortality]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-04-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/166546v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Macrophage-to-sensory neuron crosstalk mediated by Angiotensin II type-2 receptor elicits neuropathic pain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/166546v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Peripheral nerve damage initiates a complex series of cellular and structural processes that culminate in chronic neuropathic pain. Our study defines local angiotensin signaling via activation of the Angiotensin II (Ang II) type-2 receptor (AT2R) on macrophages as the critical trigger of neuropathic pain. An AT2R-selective antagonist attenuates neuropathic, but not inflammatory pain hypersensitivity in mice, and requires the cell damage-sensing ion channel transient receptor potential family-A member-1 (TRPA1). Mechanical and cold pain hypersensitivity that are characteristic of neuropathic conditions can be attenuated by chemogenetic depletion of peripheral macrophages and AT2R-null hematopoietic cell transplantation. Our findings show no AT2R expression in mouse or human sensory neurons, rather AT2R expression and activation in macrophages triggers production of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, which trans-activate TRPA1 on sensory neurons. Our study defines the precise neuro-immune crosstalk underlying nociceptor sensitization at the site of nerve injury. This form of cell-to-cell signaling represents a critical peripheral mechanism for chronic neuropathic pain, and therefore identifies multiple analgesic targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shepherd, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mickle, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Copits, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karlsson, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kadunganattil, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golden, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tadinada, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mack, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haroutounian, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Kloet, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samineni, V. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valtcheva, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McIlvried, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheahan, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ray, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Usachev, Y. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dussor, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krause, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Price, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gereau, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohapatra, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/166546</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Macrophage-to-sensory neuron crosstalk mediated by Angiotensin II type-2 receptor elicits neuropathic pain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/177014v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide analysis of risk-taking behaviour and cross-disorder genetic correlations in 116,255 individuals from the UK Biobank cohort 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/177014v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Risk-taking behaviour is a key component of several psychiatric disorders and could influence lifestyle choices such as smoking, alcohol use and diet. As a phenotype, risk-taking behaviour therefore fits within a Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) approach, whereby identifying genetic determinants of this trait has the potential to improve our understanding across different psychiatric disorders. Here we report a genome wide association study in 116 255 UK Biobank participants who responded yes/no to the question "Would you consider yourself a risk-taker?" Risk-takers (compared to controls) were more likely to be men, smokers and have a history of psychiatric disorder. Genetic loci associated with risk-taking behaviour were identified on chromosomes 3 (rs13084531) and 6 (rs9379971). The effects of both lead SNPs were comparable between men and women. The chromosome 3 locus highlights CADM2, previously implicated in cognitive and executive functions, but the chromosome 6 locus is challenging to interpret due to the complexity of the HLA region. Risk-taking behaviour shared significant genetic risk with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder, as well as with smoking and total obesity. Despite being based on only a single question, this study furthers our understanding of the biology of risk-taking behaviour, a trait which has a major impact on a range of common physical and mental health disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Strawbridge, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ward, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cullen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tunbridge, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bierut, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bailey, M. E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graham, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferguson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyall, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mackay, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pidgeon, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cavanagh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pell, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Donovan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Escott-Price, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harrison, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/177014</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide analysis of risk-taking behaviour and cross-disorder genetic correlations in 116,255 individuals from the UK Biobank cohort]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.05.935908v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hippocampal volume in Provisional Tic Disorder predicts tic severity at 12-month follow-up 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.05.935908v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundPrevious studies have investigated differences in the volumes of subcortical structures (e.g., caudate nucleus, putamen, thalamus, amygdala, hippocampus) between individuals with and without Tourette syndrome (TS), as well as the relationships between these volumes and tic symptom severity. These volumes may also predict clinical outcome in Provisional Tic Disorder (PTD), but that hypothesis has never been tested.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine whether the volumes of subcortical structures measured shortly after tic onset can predict tic symptom severity at one year post tic onset, when TS can first be diagnosed.

MethodsWe obtained T1-weighted structural MRI scans from 41 children with PTD (25 with prospective motion correction [vNavs]) whose tics had begun less than 9 months (median 3.7 months) prior to the first study visit (baseline). We re-examined them at the 12-month anniversary of their first tic (follow-up), assessing tic severity using the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale. We quantified the volumes of subcortical structures using volBrain software.

ResultsBaseline hippocampal volume was correlated with tic severity at the 12-month follow-up, with a larger hippocampus at baseline predicting worse tic severity at follow-up. This result was confirmed in the subgroup scanned with prospective motion correction. The volumes of other subcortical structures did not significantly predict tic severity at follow-up.

ConclusionThese findings suggest that hippocampal volume may be an important marker in predicting prognosis in Provisional Tic Disorder.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greene, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Badke D'Andrea, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bihun, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koller, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Reilly, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlaggar, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Black, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.05.935908</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hippocampal volume in Provisional Tic Disorder predicts tic severity at 12-month follow-up]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.17.952994v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional Ensemble Survival Tree: Dynamic Prediction of Alzheimer's Disease Progression Accommodating Multiple Time-Varying Covariates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.17.952994v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
With the exponential growth in data collection, multiple time-varying biomarkers are commonly encountered in clinical studies, along with rich set of baseline covariates. This paper is motivated by addressing a critical issue in the field of Alzheimers disease (AD) in which we aim to predict the time for AD conversion in people with mild cognitive impairment to inform prevention and early treatment decisions. Conventional joint models of biomarker trajectory with time-to-event data rely heavily on model assumptions and may not be applicable when the number of covariates is large. This thus motivated us to consider a functional ensemble survival tree framework to characterize the joint effects of both functional and baseline covariates in predicting disease progression. The proposed framework incorporates multivariate functional principal component analysis to characterize the changing patterns of multiple time-varying neurocognitive biomarker trajectories and then nest these features within an ensemble survival tree in predicting the progression of AD. We provide a fast implementation of the algorithm that accommodates personalized dynamic prediction that can be updated as new observations are gathered to reflect the patients latest prognosis. The algorithm is empirically shown to perform well in simulation studies and is illustrated through the analysis of data from the Alzheimers Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). We provide implementation of our proposed method in R package funest.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colditz, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.17.952994</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional Ensemble Survival Tree: Dynamic Prediction of Alzheimer's Disease Progression Accommodating Multiple Time-Varying Covariates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.07.083584v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ascending dorsal column sensory neurons respond to spinal cord injury anddownregulate genes related to lipid metabolism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.07.083584v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Regeneration failure after spinal cord injury (SCI) results in part from the lack of a pro-regenerative response in injured neurons, but the response to SCI has not been examined specifically in injured sensory neurons. Using RNA sequencing of dorsal root ganglion, we determined that thoracic SCI elicits a transcriptional response distinct from sciatic nerve injury (SNI). Both SNI and SCI induced upregulation of ATF3 and Jun, yet this response failed to promote growth in sensory neurons after SCI. RNA sequencing of purified sensory neurons one and three days after injury revealed that unlike SNI, the SCI response is not sustained. Both SCI and SNI elicited the expression of ATF3 target genes, with very little overlap between conditions. Pathway analysis of differentially expressed ATF3 target genes revealed that fatty acid biosynthesis and terpenoid backbone synthesis were downregulated after SCI but not SNI. Pharmacologic inhibition of fatty acid synthase, the enzyme generating palmitic acid, decreased axon growth and regeneration in vitro. These results supports the notion that decreased expression of lipid metabolism-related genes after SCI, including fatty acid synthase, may restrict axon regenerative capacity after SCI.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ewan, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goncalves, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cavalli, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.07.083584</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ascending dorsal column sensory neurons respond to spinal cord injury anddownregulate genes related to lipid metabolism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.11.088443v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
REV-ERBalpha mediates complement expression and circadian regulation of microglial synaptic phagocytosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.11.088443v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The circadian clock has been shown to regulate various aspects of brain health including microglial and astrocyte activation. Here we report that deletion of the master clock protein BMAL1 induces robust increases in the expression of complement genes such as C3, C4b and C1q in the hippocampus. Loss of downstream REV-ERB-mediated transcriptional repression led to increases in C4b in neurons and astrocytes as well as C3 protein in microglia and astrocytes. REV-ERB deletion induced complement C3/C4b gene expression and increased microglial phagocytosis of synapses in the CA3 region of the hippocampus. Finally, we observed diurnal variation in the degree of microglial synaptic phagocytosis in wild type mice which was abrogated by REV-ERB deletion. This work uncovers the BMAL1-REV-ERB axis as a regulator of complement expression and synaptic phagocytosis in the brain, thereby illuminating a novel mechanism of synaptic regulation by the circadian clock.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Griffin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheehan, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dimitry, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanan, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Musiek, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.11.088443</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[REV-ERBalpha mediates complement expression and circadian regulation of microglial synaptic phagocytosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.09.196188v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 infection in the lungs of human ACE2 transgenic mice causes severe inflammation, immune cell infiltration, and compromised respiratory function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.09.196188v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus -2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in late 2019 and has spread worldwide resulting in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Although animal models have been evaluated for SARS-CoV-2 infection, none have recapitulated the severe lung disease phenotypes seen in hospitalized human cases. Here, we evaluate heterozygous transgenic mice expressing the human ACE2 receptor driven by the epithelial cell cytokeratin-18 gene promoter (K18-hACE2) as a model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Intranasal inoculation of SARS-CoV-2 in K18-hACE2 mice results in high levels of viral infection in lung tissues with additional spread to other organs. Remarkably, a decline in pulmonary function, as measured by static and dynamic tests of respiratory capacity, occurs 4 days after peak viral titer and correlates with an inflammatory response marked by infiltration into the lung of monocytes, neutrophils, and activated T cells resulting in pneumonia. Cytokine profiling and RNA sequencing analysis of SARS-CoV-2-infected lung tissues show a massively upregulated innate immune response with prominent signatures of NF-kB-dependent, type I and II interferon signaling, and leukocyte activation pathways. Thus, the K18-hACE2 model of SARS-CoV-2 infection recapitulates many features of severe COVID-19 infection in humans and can be used to define the mechanistic basis of lung disease and test immune and antiviral-based countermeasures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Emma S Winkler</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adam L Bailey</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Natasha M Kafai</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharmila Nair</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Broc T McCune</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jinsheng Yu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Julie M Fox</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rita E Chen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James T Earnest</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shamus P Keeler</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jon H Ritter</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang-I Kang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarah Dort</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Annette Robichaud</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richard Head</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael J Holtzman</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael S Diamond</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.09.196188</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2 infection in the lungs of human ACE2 transgenic mice causes severe inflammation, immune cell infiltration, and compromised respiratory function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.15.205492v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanical overstimulation causes acute injury followed by fast recovery in lateral-line neuromasts of larval zebrafish 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.15.205492v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Excess noise damages sensory hair cells, resulting in loss of synaptic connections with auditory nerves and, in some cases, hair-cell death. The cellular mechanisms underlying mechanically induced hair-cell damage and subsequent repair are not completely understood. Hair cells in neuromasts of larval zebrafish are structurally and functionally comparable to mammalian hair cells but undergo robust regeneration following ototoxic damage. We therefore developed a model for mechanically induced hair-cell damage in this highly tractable system. Free swimming larvae exposed to strong water wave stimulus for 2 hours displayed mechanical injury to neuromasts, including afferent neurite retraction, damaged hair bundles, and reduced mechanotransduction. Synapse loss was observed in apparently intact exposed neuromasts, and this loss was exacerbated by inhibiting glutamate uptake. Mechanical damage also elicited an inflammatory response and macrophage recruitment. Remarkably, neuromast hair-cell morphology and mechanotransduction recovered within hours following exposure, suggesting severely damaged neuromasts undergo repair. Our results indicate functional changes and synapse loss in mechanically damaged lateral-line neuromasts that share key features of damage observed in noise-exposed mammalian ear. Yet, unlike the mammalian ear, mechanical damage to neuromasts is rapidly reversible.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Holmgren, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravicz, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hancock, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strelkova, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Indzhykulian, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warchol, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheets, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.15.205492</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanical overstimulation causes acute injury followed by fast recovery in lateral-line neuromasts of larval zebrafish]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.28.221325v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Digital spatial profiling of coronary plaques from persons living with HIV reveals high levels of STING and CD163 in macrophage enriched regions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.28.221325v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundChronic innate and adaptive immune activation may contribute to high prevalence of cardiovascular disease in persons living with HIV (PLWH).

MethodsWe assessed coronary plaques from deceased PLWH (n=6) and HIV-negative (n=6) persons matched by age and gender. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded 5m thick sections were processed using Movat, hematoxylin and eosin, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence stains. Immune cell populations were measured using surface antibodies, and immune-related protein expression from macrophage rich, T-cell rich and perivascular adipose tissue regions using GeoMx(R) digital spatial profiling.

ResultsCoronary plaques from PLWH and HIV-negative persons had similar plaque area and percent stenosis. Percent CD163+ cells as measured by immunohistochemical staining was significantly higher in PLWH, median 0.29% (IQR 0.11-0.90) vs. 0.01% (IQR 0.0013-0.11) in HIV-negative plaque, p = 0.02 (Figure 1A). Other surface markers of innate cells (CD68 +, p=0.18), adaptive immune cells (CD3+, p=0.39; CD4+, p=0.09; CD8+, p=0.18) and immune trafficking markers (CX3CR1+, p=0.09) within the coronary plaque trended higher in HIV-positive plaques but did not reach statistical significance. GeoMx(R) digital spatial profiling showed higher differential protein expression of CD163 (scavenger receptor for hemoglobin-haptoglobin complex), stimulator of interferon gamma (STING, a cytosolic DNA sensor), CD25 and granzyme-B in the HIV-positive compared to HIV-negative, p<0.05(Figure 1B).

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=141 SRC="FIGDIR/small/221325v1_fig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (51K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1a4757forg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1e2236org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@582f4borg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@188f376_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG O_FLOATNOFigure 1.C_FLOATNO Characterization of coronary plaques. Representative coronary plaques from three HIV-positive and three HIV-negative individuals were stained with H&E and Movat stain (A). Plaque area (m2) and % plaque stenosis were measured and calculated in 6 individuals per group (B). Statistical analysis, Mann-Whitney; ns not significant

C_FIG ConclusionsIncreased inflammation within the coronary plaques of PLWH is characterized by more innate and adaptive immune cells. Higher STING expression in PLWH suggests that immune response to viral antigens within the plaque might be a driver above other stimulants. STING inhibitors are available and could be investigated as a future therapeutic target in PWH if these results are replicated with a larger number of plaques.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=146 SRC="FIGDIR/small/221325v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (42K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@27fa00org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@8e4a65org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1b65320org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@10b7c9a_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG HighlightsO_LIImmunohistochemical and fluorescent stains combined with GeoMx(R) digital spatial profiling allowed for deep characterization of immune cells within intact coronary plaques and perivascular adipose tissue
C_LIO_LICoronary plaques from HIV-positive persons had higher proportion of CD163+ immune cells compared to HIV-negative persons
C_LIO_LIDifferential protein expression of immune-rich regions of interest within intact 5m sections of coronary plaques revealed higher levels of stimulator of interferon gamma (STING) in HIV-positive persons
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wanjalla, C. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuller, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mashayekhi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bailin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabriel, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Temu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Virmani, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finn, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalams, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mallal, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beckman, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koethe, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.28.221325</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Digital spatial profiling of coronary plaques from persons living with HIV reveals high levels of STING and CD163 in macrophage enriched regions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.31.229138v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SLO2.1 and NALCN form a functional complex to modulate myometrial cell excitability 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.31.229138v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Depolarization of the myometrial smooth muscle cell (MSMC) resting membrane potential is necessary for the transition of the uterus from a quiescent state to a contractile state. The molecular mechanisms involved in this transition are not completely understood. Here, we report a novel coupled system between the Na+-activated K+ channel (SLO2.1) and the non-selective Na+ leak channel (NALCN) which determines the MSMC membrane potential. We show that SLO2.1 currents are activated by an inward Na+ leak current carried by the NALCN channel leading to MSMC hyperpolarization. These results show an unanticipated role for the Na+ leak currents in activating a negative feedback system countering the excitable effects of Na+ currents. This is a novel role for the NALCN channel in which Na+ acts as an intracellular signaling molecule. In fact, we report here that the net effect of Na+ entry through NALCN channels is a hyperpolarization of the MSMCs plasma membrane because of the activation of SLO2.1 K channel. Importantly, we also report that a decrease in NALCN/SLO2.1 activity triggers both Ca2+ entries through VDCCs, promoting myometrial contraction. Consistently, with a functional coupling, our data show that NALCN and SLO2.1 are in proximity to one another in human MSMCs. We propose that the spatial arrangement of SLO2.1 and NALCN permits these channels to functionally interact in order to regulate human MSMC membrane potential and cell excitability to modulate uterine contractile activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ferreira, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amazu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puga-Molina, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>England, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santi, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.31.229138</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SLO2.1 and NALCN form a functional complex to modulate myometrial cell excitability]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.01.320036v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sequence- and structure-specific cytosine-5 mRNA methylation by NSUN6 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.01.320036v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Methylation is the most common internal modification in mRNA. While the highly abundant N6-methyladonsine (m6A) modification affects most aspects of mRNA function, the precise functions of the rarer 5-methylcytosine (m5C) remains largely unknown. Here, we map m5C in the human transcriptome using methylation-dependent individual-nucleotide resolution cross-linking and immunoprecipitation (miCLIP) combined with RNA bisulfite sequencing. We identify NSUN6 as a methyltransferase with strong substrate specificity towards mRNA. NSUN6 primarily targeted three prime untranslated regions (3UTR) at the consensus sequence motif CTCCA, located in loops of hairpin structures. Knockout and rescue experiments revealed that only mRNA methylation sites containing the consensus motif depended on the presence of NSUN6. Furthermore, ribosome profiling demonstrated that NSUN6-specific consensus motifs marked translation termination. However, even though NSUN6-methylated mRNAs were reduced in NSUN6 knockout cells, NSUN6 was dispensable for mouse embryonic development. Thus, our study identifies NSUN6 as methyltransferase targeting mRNA in a sequence- and structure-specific manner.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Selmi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hussain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dietmann, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heiss, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dennison, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flad, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kellner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borneloev, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frye, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.01.320036</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sequence- and structure-specific cytosine-5 mRNA methylation by NSUN6]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.13.338202v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Oncometabolism Drives Autophagy Activation in Skeletal Muscle 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.13.338202v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
About 20-30% of cancer-associated deaths are due to complications from cachexia which is characterized by skeletal muscle atrophy. Metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells causes body-wide metabolic and proteomic remodeling, which remain poorly understood. Here, we present evidence that the oncometabolite D-2-hydroxylgutarate (D2-HG) impairs NAD+ redox homeostasis in skeletal myotubes, causing atrophy via deacetylation of LC3-II by the nuclear deacetylase Sirt1. Overexpression of p300 or silencing of Sirt1 abrogate its interaction with LC3, and subsequently reduced levels of LC3 lipidation. Using RNA-sequencing and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and proteomics, we demonstrate that prolonged treatment with the oncometabolite D2-HG in mice promotes cachexia in vivo and increases the abundance of proteins and metabolites, which are involved in energy substrate metabolism, chromatin acetylation and autophagy regulation. We further show that D2-HG promotes a sex-dependent adaptation in skeletal muscle using network modeling and machine learning algorithms. Our multi-omics approach exposes new metabolic vulnerabilities in response to D2-HG in skeletal muscle and provides a conceptual framework for identifying therapeutic targets in cachexia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Karlstaedt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vitrac, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salazar, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gould, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soedkamp, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spivia, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raedschelders, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dinh, A. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guzman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azinas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, D. J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schiffer, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McNavish, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burks, H. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gottlieb, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorenzi, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Eyk, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taegtmeyer, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.13.338202</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Oncometabolism Drives Autophagy Activation in Skeletal Muscle]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.16.336651v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Biofilm Formation and Virulence of Shigella flexneri is Modulated by pH of Gastrointestinal Tract 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.16.336651v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Shigella infections remain a major public health issue in developing countries. One model of Shigella pathogenesis suggests that the microfold epithelial cells in the small intestine are the preferred initial site of infection. However, a growing body of evidence supports an alternative model whereby Shigella primarily infects a much wider range of epithelial cells that reside primarily within the colon. Here, we investigated whether the luminal pH difference between the small intestine and colon could provide evidence in support of either model of Shigella flexneri pathogenesis. As virulence factors leading to cellular invasion are linked to biofilms in S. flexneri, we examined the effect of pH on S. flexneris ability to form and maintain adherent biofilms when induced by deoxycholate. We showed that a basic pH inhibited formation and dispersed pre-assembled mature biofilms while an acidic pH (similar to the colonic environment) did not have either of these effects. To further elucidate this phenomenon at the molecular level, we probed the transcriptomes of biofilms and S. flexneri grown in different pH conditions. We identified specific amino acid metabolic pathways (cysteine and arginine) that were enriched in the bacteria that formed the biofilms, but decreased upon pH increase. We then utilized a type III secretion system reporter strain to show that increasing pH reduced deoxycholate-induced virulence of S. flexneri in a dose dependent manner. Taken together, these experiments support a model whereby Shigella infection is favored in the colon because of the local pH differences in these organs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chiang, I.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujii, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muegge, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stappenbeck, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.16.336651</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Biofilm Formation and Virulence of Shigella flexneri is Modulated by pH of Gastrointestinal Tract]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.04.366856v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Non-lesioned subcortical brain volumes are associated with post-stroke sensorimotor behavior across 28 cohorts worldwide: An ENIGMA Stroke Recovery study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.04.366856v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Background and PurposeUp to two-thirds of stroke survivors experience persistent sensorimotor impairments. Recovery relies on the integrity of spared brain areas to compensate for damaged tissue. Subcortical regions play critical roles in the control and regulation of sensorimotor circuits. The goal of this work is to identify associations between volumes of spared subcortical nuclei and sensorimotor behavior at different timepoints after stroke.

MethodsWe pooled high-resolution T1-weighted MRI brain scans and behavioral data in 828 individuals with unilateral stroke from 28 cohorts worldwide. Cross-sectional analyses using linear mixed-effects models related post-stroke sensorimotor behavior to non-lesioned subcortical volumes (Bonferroni-corrected, p<0.004). We tested subacute ([&le;]90 days) and chronic ([&ge;]180 days) stroke subgroups separately, with exploratory analyses in early stroke ([&le;]21 days) and across all time. Sub-analyses in chronic stroke were also performed based on class of sensorimotor deficits (impairment, activity limitations) and side of lesioned hemisphere.

ResultsWorse sensorimotor behavior was associated with a smaller ipsilesional thalamic volume in both early (n=179; d=0.68) and subacute (n=274, d=0.46) stroke. In chronic stroke (n=404), worse sensorimotor behavior was associated with smaller ipsilesional putamen (d=0.52) and nucleus accumbens (d=0.39) volumes, and a larger ipsilesional lateral ventricle (d=-0.42). Worse chronic sensorimotor impairment specifically (measured by the Fugl-Meyer Assessment; n=256) was associated with smaller ipsilesional putamen (d=0.72) and larger lateral ventricle (d=-0.41) volumes, while several measures of activity limitations (n=116) showed no significant relationships. In the full cohort across all time (n=828), sensorimotor behavior was associated with the volumes of the ipsilesional nucleus accumbens (d=0.23), putamen (d=0.33), thalamus (d=0.33), and lateral ventricle (d=-0.23).

ConclusionsWe demonstrate significant relationships between post-stroke sensorimotor behavior and reduced volumes of subcortical gray matter structures that were spared by stroke, which differ by time and class of sensorimotor measure. These findings may provide additional targets for improving post-stroke sensorimotor outcomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liew, S.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zavaliangos-Petropulu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schweighofer, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahanshad, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lang, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lohse, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banaj, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barisano, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baugh, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharya, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bigjahan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borich, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyd, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brodtmann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buetefisch, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Byblow, W. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cassidy, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ciullo, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conforto, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Craddock, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dula, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egorova, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fercho, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gregory, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanlon, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayward, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holguin, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hordacre, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwang, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kautz, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khlif, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuceyeski, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lotze, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacIntosh, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Margetis, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohamed, F. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nord</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.04.366856</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Non-lesioned subcortical brain volumes are associated with post-stroke sensorimotor behavior across 28 cohorts worldwide: An ENIGMA Stroke Recovery study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.01.406249v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Non-Negative Tensor Factorization Approach to Deconvolute Microenvironment in Breast Cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.01.406249v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
An in-depth understanding of epithelial breast cell response to growth-promoting ligands is required to elucidate how signals from the microenvironment affect cell-intrinsic regulatory networks and their resultant cellular phenotypes, such as cell growth, progression, and differentiation. Understanding the cellular response to these signals is particularly important in understanding the mechanisms of breast cancer initiation and progression. There is increasing evidence that aberrant epigenetic marks are present in cells of the breast tumor microenvironment and are known to affect these cellular processes. However, the mechanisms by which epigenetic microenvironment signals influence these cellular phenotypes are complex and currently not well established. To deconvolute the complexity of the epigenetic microenvironment signals in breast cancer, we developed a novel tensor-based correlation method: HOCMO (Higher-Order Correlation Model), applying to proteomics time series data to reveal the four-way regulatory dynamics among signaling proteins, histones, and growth-promoting ligands across multiple time points in the breast epithelial cells. HOCMO reveals two functional modules and the onset of specific protein-histone signatures in response to growth ligands contributing to distinct cellular phenotypes indicative of breast cancer initiation and progression. We evaluate robustness of our tensor model against baseline method TensorLy and achieved slight improvement in terms of reconstruction error and execution time. HOCMO is a data independent self-supervised learning method with superior interpretability that can capture the strength of complex interactions such as inter- and intra-pathway cellular signaling networks in any diseases or biological systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klindziuk, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mollah, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.01.406249</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Non-Negative Tensor Factorization Approach to Deconvolute Microenvironment in Breast Cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.12.430921v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Revealing the Physiological Origin of Event-Related Potentials using Electrocorticography in Humans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.12.430921v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The scientific and clinical value of event-related potentials (ERPs) depends on understanding the contributions to them of three possible mechanisms: (1) additivity of time-locked voltage changes; (2) phase resetting of ongoing oscillations; (3) asymmetrical oscillatory activity. Their relative contributions are currently uncertain. This study uses analysis of human electrocorticographic activity to quantify the origins of movement-related potentials (MRPs) and auditory evoked potentials (AEPs). The results show that MRPs are generated primarily by endogenous additivity (88%). In contrast, P1 and N1 components of AEPs are generated almost entirely by exogenous phase reset (93%). Oscillatory asymmetry contributes very little. By clarifying ERP mechanisms, these results enable creation of ERP models; and they enhance the value of ERPs for understanding the genesis of normal and abnormal auditory or sensorimotor behaviors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cho, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schalk, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adamek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moheimanian, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coon, W. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jun, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolpaw, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunner, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.12.430921</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Revealing the Physiological Origin of Event-Related Potentials using Electrocorticography in Humans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.28.432901v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Small molecule SWELL1-LRRC8 complex induction improves glycemic control and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in murine Type 2 diabetes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.28.432901v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion from the pancreatic {beta}-cell, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). SWELL1 (LRRC8a) ablation impairs adipose and skeletal muscle insulin-pAKT2 signaling, {beta}-cell insulin secretion and glycemic control - suggesting that SWELL1-LRRC8 complex dysfunction contributes to T2D pathogenesis. Here, we show that ICl,SWELL and SWELL1 protein are reduced in adipose and {beta}-cells in murine and human T2D. Combining cryo-electron microscopy, molecular docking, medicinal chemistry, and functional studies, we define a structure activity relationship to rationally-designed active derivatives (SN-40X) of a SWELL1 channel inhibitor (DCPIB/SN-401), that bind the SWELL1-LRRC8 hexameric complex, restore SWELL1-LRRC8 protein, plasma membrane trafficking, signaling and islet insulin secretion via SWELL1-dependent mechanisms. In vivo, SN-401 and active SN-40X compounds restore glycemic control and prevents NAFLD by improving insulin-sensitivity and insulin secretion in murine T2D. These findings demonstrate that small molecule SWELL1 modulators restore SWELL1-dependent insulin-sensitivity and insulin secretion in T2D and may represent a first-in-class therapeutic approach for T2D and NAFLD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gunasekar, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chheda, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kern, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>My-Ta, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maurer, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerber, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grzesik, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elliot-Hudson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kulkarni, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samuel, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nau, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheldon, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lerner, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norris, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brohawn, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerns, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sah, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.28.432901</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Small molecule SWELL1-LRRC8 complex induction improves glycemic control and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in murine Type 2 diabetes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.12.435019v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neuronal mechanisms of novelty seeking 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.12.435019v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Humans and other primates interact with the world by observing and exploring visual objects. In particular, they often seek out the opportunities to view novel objects that they have never seen before, even when they have no extrinsic primary reward value. However, despite the importance of novel visual objects in our daily life, we currently lack an understanding of how primate brain circuits control the motivation to seek out novelty. We found that novelty-seeking is regulated by a small understudied subcortical region, the zona incerta (ZI). In a task in which monkeys made eye movements to familiar objects to obtain the opportunity to view novel objects, many ZI neurons were preferentially activated by predictions of future novel objects and displayed burst excitations before gaze shifts to gain access to novel objects. Low intensity electrical stimulation of ZI facilitated gaze shifts, while inactivations of ZI reduced novelty-seeking. Surprisingly, additional experiments showed that this ZI-dependent novelty seeking behavior is not regulated by canonical neural circuitry for reward seeking. The habenula-dopamine pathway, known to reflect reward predictions that control reward seeking, was relatively inactive during novelty-seeking behavior in which novelty had no extrinsic reward value. Instead, high channel-count electrophysiological experiments and anatomical tracing identified a prominent source of control signals for novelty seeking in the anterior ventral medial temporal cortex (AVMTC), a brain region known to be crucially involved in visual processing and object memory. In addition to their well-known function in signaling the novelty or familiarity of objects in the current environment, AVMTC neurons reflected the predictions of future novel objects, akin to the way neurons in reward-circuitry predict future rewards in order to control reward-seeking. Our data uncover a network of primate brain areas that regulate novelty-seeking. The behavioral and neural distinctions between novelty-seeking and reward-processing highlight how the brain can accomplish behavioral flexibility, providing a mechanism to explore novel objects.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ogasawara, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sogukpinar, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jezzini, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monosov, I. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.12.435019</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neuronal mechanisms of novelty seeking]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.24.436864v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A public vaccine-induced human antibody protects against SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.24.436864v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The emergence of antigenically distinct severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants with increased transmissibility is a public health threat. Some of these variants show substantial resistance to neutralization by SARS-CoV-2 infection- or vaccination-induced antibodies, which principally target the receptor binding domain (RBD) on the virus spike glycoprotein. Here, we describe 2C08, a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine-induced germinal center B cell-derived human monoclonal antibody that binds to the receptor binding motif within the RBD. 2C08 broadly neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 variants with remarkable potency and reduces lung inflammation, viral load, and morbidity in hamsters challenged with either an ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain or a recent variant of concern. Clonal analysis identified 2C08-like public clonotypes among B cell clones responding to SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination in at least 20 out of 78 individuals. Thus, 2C08-like antibodies can be readily induced by SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and mitigate resistance by circulating variants of concern.

One Sentence SummaryProtection against SARS-CoV-2 variants by a potently neutralizing vaccine-induced human monoclonal antibody.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schmitz, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aziati, I. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bricker, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darling, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adelsberg, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al Soussi, W. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Case, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thapa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amanat, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Halloran, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Presti, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krammer, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bajic, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whelan, S. P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamond, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boon, A. C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellebedy, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.24.436864</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A public vaccine-induced human antibody protects against SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.08.438908v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Temporal specificity of abnormal neural oscillations during phonatory events in Laryngeal Dystonia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.08.438908v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Laryngeal Dystonia is a debilitating disorder of voicing in which the laryngeal muscles are intermittently in spasm resulting in involuntary interruptions during speech. The central pathophysiology of laryngeal dystonia, underlying computational impairments in vocal motor control, remains poorly understood. Although prior imaging studies have found aberrant activity in the central nervous system during phonation in patients with laryngeal dystonia, it is not known at what timepoints during phonation these abnormalities emerge and what function may be impaired. To investigate this question, we recruited 22 adductor laryngeal dystonia patients (15 female, age range = 28.83-72.46 years) and 18 controls (8 female, age range = 27.40-71.34 years). We leveraged the fine temporal resolution of magnetoencephalography to monitor neural activity around glottal movement onset, subsequent voice onset and after the onset of pitch feedback perturbations. We examined event-related beta-band (12-30 Hz) and high-gamma band (65-150 Hz) neural oscillations. Prior to glottal movement onset, we observed abnormal frontoparietal motor preparatory activity. After glottal movement onset, we observed abnormal activity in somatosensory cortex persisting through voice onset. Prior to voice onset and continuing after, we also observed abnormal activity in the auditory cortex and the cerebellum. After pitch feedback perturbation onset, we observed no differences between controls and patients in their behavioural responses to the perturbation. But in patients, we did find abnormal activity in brain regions thought to be involved in the auditory feedback control of vocal pitch (premotor, motor, somatosensory and auditory cortices). Our study results confirm the abnormal processing of somatosensory feedback that has been seen in other studies. However, there were several remarkable findings in our study. First, patients have impaired vocal motor activity even before glottal movement onset, suggesting abnormal movement preparation. These results are significant because: (i) they occur before movement onset, abnormalities in patients cannot be ascribed to deficits in vocal performance, and (ii) they show that neural abnormalities in laryngeal dystonia are more than just abnormal responses to sensory feedback during phonation as has been hypothesised in some previous studies. Second, abnormal auditory cortical activity in patients begins even before voice onset, suggesting abnormalities in setting up auditory predictions before the arrival of auditory feedback at voice onset. Generally, activation abnormalities identified in key brain regions within the speech motor network around various phonation events not only provide temporal specificity to neuroimaging phenotypes in laryngeal dystonia but also may serve as potential therapeutic targets for neuromodulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kothare, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneider, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mizuiri, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hinkley, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhutada, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ranasinghe, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Honma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garrett, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naunheim, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yung, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheung, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Courey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagarajan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Houde, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.08.438908</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Temporal specificity of abnormal neural oscillations during phonatory events in Laryngeal Dystonia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.12.439521v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Influence of Mpv17 on hair-cell mitochondrial homeostasis, synapse integrity, and vulnerability to damage in the zebrafish lateral line 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.12.439521v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Noise exposure is particularly stressful to hair-cell mitochondria, which must produce enough energy to meet high metabolic demands as well as regulate local intracellular Ca2+ concentrations. Mitochondrial Inner Membrane Protein 17 (Mpv17) functions as a non-selective channel and plays a role in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. In zebrafish, hair cells in mpv17a9/a9 mutants displayed elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), elevated mitochondrial calcium, hyperpolarized transmembrane potential, and greater vulnerability to neomycin, indicating impaired mitochondrial function. Using a strong water current to overstimulate hair cells in the zebrafish lateral line, we observed mpv17a9/a9 mutant hair cells were more vulnerable to morphological disruption and hair-cell loss than wild type siblings simultaneously exposed to the same stimulus. To determine the role of mitochondrial homeostasis on hair-cell synapse integrity, we surveyed synapse number in mpv17a9/a9 mutants and wild type siblings as well as the sizes of presynaptic dense bodies (ribbons) and postsynaptic densities immediately following stimulus exposure. We observed mechanically injured mpv17a9/a9 neuromasts, while they lost a greater number of hair cells, lost a similar number of synapses per hair cell relative to wild type. Additionally, we quantified the size of hair cell pre- and postsynaptic structures and observed significantly enlarged wild type postsynaptic densities, yet relatively little change in the size of mpv17a9/a9 postsynaptic densities following stimulation. These results suggest impaired hair-cell mitochondrial activity influences synaptic morphology and hair-cell survival but does not exacerbate synapse loss following mechanical injury.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Holmgren, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheets, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.12.439521</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Influence of Mpv17 on hair-cell mitochondrial homeostasis, synapse integrity, and vulnerability to damage in the zebrafish lateral line]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.04.442630v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Increased mitochondrial activity upon CatSper channel activation is required for sperm capacitation. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.04.442630v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To fertilize an oocyte, sperm must become hyperactive. However, whether they obtain ATP for hyperactivated motility via glycolysis or mitochondrial respiration is unclear. Here, high-resolution respirometry, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy experiments revealed that mitochondrial respiration and membrane potential increased during mouse sperm capacitation. Treatment with inhibitors of mitochondrial respiration prevented sperm from hyperactivating and fertilizing an oocyte. Mitochondrial respiration was impaired in sperm from mice lacking the calcium channel CatSper. We developed a method to image mitochondrial calcium in sperm and found that CatSper activation led to increased mitochondrial calcium concentration. Finally, treating sperm with an inhibitor of mitochondrial calcium import impaired mitochondrial function and sperm hyperactivation. Together, our results uncover a new role of sperm mitochondria and reveal a new pathway connecting calcium influx through CatSper to mitochondrial activity and the sperm hyperactivation required to fertilize an oocyte.

SummaryThe source of ATP for sperm hyperactivation is unclear. Ferreira et al. show that mitochondrial activity increases during, and is required for, hyperactivation and fertilization ability. Increased mitochondrial activity depends on calcium influx through the channel CatSper.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ferreira, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cassina, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irigoyen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ford, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pietroroia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santi, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sapiro, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.04.442630</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Increased mitochondrial activity upon CatSper channel activation is required for sperm capacitation.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.30.454451v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Brain structure and function predict adherence to an exercise intervention in older adults 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.30.454451v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Individualized and precision medicine approaches to exercise for cognitive and brain health in aging have the potential to improve intervention efficacy. Predicting adherence to an exercise intervention in older adults prior to its commencement will allow for adaptive and optimized approaches that could save time (no need to demonstrate failure before changing course) and money (cost of de-implementing approaches that do not work for certain individuals) which ultimately could improve health outcomes (e.g., preventative medicine approaches prior to the onset of symptoms). Individual differences in brain structure and function in older adults are potential proxies of brain and brain reserve or maintenance and may provide strong predictions of adherence. We hypothesized that brain-based measures would predict adherence to a six-month randomized controlled trial of exercise in older adults, alone and in combination with psychosocial, cognitive and health measures. In 131 older adults (aged 65.79 {+/-} 4.65 years, 63% female) we found, using regularized elastic net regression within a nested cross-validation framework, that brain structure (cortical thickness and cortical surface area) in somatosensory, inferior temporal, and inferior frontal regions and functional connectivity (degree count) in primary information processing (somatosensory, visual), executive control, default, and attentional networks, predicted exercise adherence (R2 = 0.15, p < 0.001). Traditional survey and clinical measures such as gait and walking self-efficacy, biological sex and perceived stress also predicted adherence (R2 = 0.06, p = 0.001) but a combined multimodal model achieved the highest predictive strength (R2 = 0.22, p <0.001). Neuroimaging features alone can predict adherence to a structured group-based exercise intervention in older adults which suggests there is substantial utility of these measures for future research into precision medicine approaches. The best performing model contained multimodal features suggesting that each modality provided independent relevant information in the prediction of exercise adherence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Morris, T. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burzynska, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voss, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fanning, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salerno, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prakash, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gothe, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitfield-Gabrieli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hillman, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McAuley, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kramer, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.30.454451</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Brain structure and function predict adherence to an exercise intervention in older adults]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.23.473930v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human KIR+CD8+ T cells target pathogenic T cells in Celiac disease and are active in autoimmune diseases and COVID-19 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.23.473930v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Previous reports show that Ly49+CD8+ T cells can suppress autoimmunity in mouse models of autoimmune diseases. Here we find a markedly increased frequency of CD8+ T cells expressing inhibitory Killer cell Immunoglobulin like Receptors (KIR), the human equivalent of the Ly49 family, in the blood and inflamed tissues of various autoimmune diseases. Moreover, KIR+CD8+ T cells can efficiently eliminate pathogenic gliadin-specific CD4+ T cells from Celiac disease (CeD) patients leukocytes in vitro. Furthermore, we observe elevated levels of KIR+CD8+ T cells, but not CD4+ regulatory T cells, in COVID-19 and influenza-infected patients, and this correlates with disease severity and vasculitis in COVID-19. Expanded KIR+CD8+ T cells from these different diseases display shared phenotypes and similar T cell receptor sequences. These results characterize a regulatory CD8+ T cell subset in humans, broadly active in both autoimmune and infectious diseases, which we hypothesize functions to control self-reactive or otherwise pathogenic T cells.

One-Sentence SummaryHere we identified KIR+CD8+ T cells as a regulatory CD8+ T cell subset in humans that suppresses self-reactive or otherwise pathogenic CD4+ T cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaslavsky, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sikora, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Unen, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christophersen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiou, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilhelmy, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McSween, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palanski, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mallajosyula, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dhondalay, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhamidipati, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kipp, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunn, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hauser, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oksenberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satpathy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinmetz, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khosla, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Utz, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sollid, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heath, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez-Becker, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nadeau, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saligrama, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.23.473930</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human KIR+CD8+ T cells target pathogenic T cells in Celiac disease and are active in autoimmune diseases and COVID-19]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.26.477959v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Permethylation of ribonucleosides provides enhanced mass spectrometry quantification of post-transcriptional modifications 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.26.477959v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chemical modifications of RNA are associated with fundamental biological processes such as RNA splicing, export, translation, degradation, as well as human disease states such as cancer. However, the analysis of ribonucleoside modifications is impeded due to the hydrophilicity of the ribonucleoside molecules. In this research, we used solid-phase permethylation to derivatize the ribonucleosides, and the permethylated ribonucleosides, which were then quantitively analyzed using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based method. The solid-phase permethylation efficiently derivatized the ribonucleosides, and more than 60 RNA modifications were simultaneously monitored using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS) performed in the dynamic multiple reaction monitoring (dMRM) mode. Because of the increased hydrophobicity of permethylated ribonucleosides, this method enhanced retention, separation, and ionization efficiency, resulting in improved detection and quantification when compared to existing analytical strategies of RNA modifications. We applied this new approach to measure the extent of cytosine methylation and hydroxymethylation in RNA obtained from mouse embryonic stem cells with genetic deficiencies in ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes. The results matched previously performed analyses and highlighted the sensitivity, efficacy, and robustness of the new method. The advantage of this method enables comprehensive analysis of RNA modifications in biological samples.



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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janssen, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scacchetti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonasio, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.26.477959</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Permethylation of ribonucleosides provides enhanced mass spectrometry quantification of post-transcriptional modifications]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.27.478085v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Encoding and decoding analysis of music perception using intracranial EEG 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.27.478085v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Music perception engages multiple brain regions, however the neural dynamics of this core human experience remains elusive. We applied predictive models to intracranial EEG data from 29 patients listening to a Pink Floyd song. We investigated the relationship between the song spectrogram and the elicited high-frequency activity (70-150Hz), a marker of local neural activity. Encoding models characterized the spectrotemporal receptive fields (STRFs) of each electrode and decoding models estimated the population-level song representation. Both methods confirmed a crucial role of the right superior temporal gyri (STG) in music perception. A component analysis on STRF coefficients highlighted overlapping neural populations tuned to specific musical elements (vocals, lead guitar, rhythm). An ablation analysis on decoding models revealed the presence of unique musical information concentrated in the right STG and more spatially distributed in the left hemisphere. Lastly, we provided the first song reconstruction decoded from human neural activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bellier, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Llorens, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marciano, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schalk, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunner, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasley, B. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.27.478085</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Encoding and decoding analysis of music perception using intracranial EEG]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.22.485233v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Context-dependent triggering of STING-interferon signaling by CD11b agonists supports anti-tumor immunity in mouse models and human cancer patients 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.22.485233v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chronic activation of inflammatory pathways and suppressed interferon signaling are hallmarks of myeloid cells in immunosuppressive tumors that drive poor responsiveness to conventional and immune therapies. Previous studies have identified agonistic activation of the CD11b integrin as a potential strategy to enhance anti-tumor immunity. However, the mechanisms by which CD11b-agonism reprogram tumor immunity are poorly understood, and this may impair patient selection and identification of effective treatment combinations. Herein we used a combination of in vitro systems, animal models, and samples from first in human clinical trials of the CD11b-agonist GB1275 to identify the mechanism of action of this approach and identify combinations for further testing. We found that CD11b agonism altered tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) phenotypes by simultaneously repressing NF{kappa}B/IL1-signaling and activating interferon (IFN) gene expression. Repression of NF{kappa}B/IL-1 signaling was due to rapid degradation of p65 protein by the proteosome and was not context dependent. In contrast, CD11b agonism triggered mitochondrial dysfunction to stimulate STING-induced, STAT1-mediated interferon signaling. The magnitude of CD11b agonist induction of STING/IFN signaling was dependent on the tumor microenvironment and was significantly amplified by cytotoxic therapies. Using tissues from phase I clinical trials, we demonstrated that GB1275 treatment activated STING and STAT1 signaling in TAMs in human tumors. Together, these mechanisms allowed macrophages to augment anti-tumor T cell immunity. These studies identified potential mechanism-based therapeutic strategies for CD11b agonist use and identified potential patient populations more likely to benefit from them.

Statement of significanceCD11b agonists are a novel approach to reprogram myeloid cells in solid tumors. We show that GB1275, a CD11b-agonist, amplified STING/IFN signaling in TAMs to support anti-tumor immunity and this signaling is amplified further by cytotoxic therapy. These studies support new treatment strategies for advanced solid tumors with myeloid immunosuppression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hogg, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>zuo, c.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baer, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lander, V. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borcherding, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knolhoff, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osterhout, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galkin, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruey, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mpoy, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwarz, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeNardo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.22.485233</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Context-dependent triggering of STING-interferon signaling by CD11b agonists supports anti-tumor immunity in mouse models and human cancer patients]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.16.492147v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MFGE8 links absorption of dietary fatty acids with catabolism of enterocyte lipid stores through HNF4 γ- dependent transcription of CES enzymes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.16.492147v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Enterocytes modulate the extent of postprandial lipemia, a potent risk factor for developing atherosclerotic disease, by storing dietary fats in cytoplasmic lipid droplets (cLDs). We have previously demonstrated that the integrin ligand MFGE8 links absorption of dietary fats with activation of triglyceride (TG) hydrolases that catabolize cLDs for chylomicron production. The hydrolase(s) responsible for mobilization of TG from diet-derived cLDs is unknown though recent evidence indicates that this process is independent of the canonical pathway of TG hydrolysis mediated by ATGL. Here we identify CES1D as the key hydrolase downstream of the MFGE8-v{beta}5 integrin pathway that regulates catabolism of diet-drive cLDs. Mfge8 KO enterocytes have reduced CES1D transcript and protein levels and reduced protein levels of the transcription factor HNF4{gamma}. Mice KO for Ces1d or Hnf4{gamma} have decreased enterocyte TG hydrolase activity coupled with retention of TG in cLDs. Mechanistically, MFGE8-dependent fatty acid uptake through CD36 leads to stabilization of HNF4{gamma} protein levels; HNF4{gamma} then increases Ces1d transcription. Our work identifies a regulatory network by which MFGE8 and v{beta}5 regulate the severity of postprandial lipemia by linking dietary fat absorption with protein stabilization of a transcription factor that increases expression of enterocyte TG hydrolases that catabolize diet-derived cLDs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Datta, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gholampour, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Volk, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Podolsky, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnold, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rieder, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaro, B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verzi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lehner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abumrad, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lizama, C. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atabai, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.16.492147</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MFGE8 links absorption of dietary fatty acids with catabolism of enterocyte lipid stores through HNF4 γ- dependent transcription of CES enzymes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.02.494594v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CREWdb: Optimizing Chromatin Readers, Erasers, and Writers Database using Machine Learning-Based Approach 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.02.494594v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aberration in heterochromatin and euchromatin states contributes to various disease phenotypes. The transcriptional regulation between these two states is significantly governed by post-translational modifications made by three functional types of chromatin regulators: readers, writers, and erasers. Writers introduce a chemical modification to DNA and histone tails, readers bind the modification to histone tails using specialized domains, and erasers remove the modification introduced by writers. Altered regulation of these chromatin regulators results in complex diseases such as cancer, neurodevelopmental diseases, myocardial diseases, kidney diseases, and embryonic development. Due to the reversible nature of chromatin modifications, we can develop therapeutic approaches targeting these chromatin regulators. However, a limited number of chromatin regulators have been identified thus far, and a subset of them are ambiguously classified as multiple chromatin regulator functional types. Thus, we have developed machine learning-based approaches to predict and classify the functional roles of chromatin regulator proteins, thereby optimizing the accuracy of the first comprehensive database of chromatin regulators known as CREWdb.

GitHub URLCREWdb source code is available at https://github.com/smollahlab/CREWdb

Database URLCREWdb webtool is available at http://mollahlab.wustl.edu/crewdb
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Natesan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghag, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mollah, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.02.494594</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CREWdb: Optimizing Chromatin Readers, Erasers, and Writers Database using Machine Learning-Based Approach]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.08.499367v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Swapped genetic code blocks viral infections and gene transfer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.08.499367v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Removing cellular transfer RNAs (tRNAs), making their cognate codons unreadable, creates a genetic firewall that prevents viral replication and horizontal gene transfer. However, numerous viruses and mobile genetic elements encode parts of the translational apparatus, including tRNAs, potentially rendering a genetic-code-based firewall ineffective. In this paper, we show that such horizontally transferred tRNA genes can enable viral replication in Escherichia coli cells despite the genome-wide lack of three codons and the previously essential cognate tRNAs and release factor 1. By repurposing viral tRNAs, we then develop recoded cells bearing an amino-acid-swapped genetic code that reassigns two of the six serine codons to leucine during translation. This amino-acid-swapped genetic code renders cells completely resistant to viral infections by mistranslating viral proteomes and prevents the escape of synthetic genetic information by engineered reliance on serine codons to produce leucine-requiring proteins. Finally, we also repurpose the third free codon to biocontain this virus-resistant host via dependence on an amino acid not found in nature.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nyerges, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vinke, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flynn, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Owen, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rand, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Budnik, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narasimhan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marchand, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baas-Thomas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiappino-Pepe, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baym, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Church, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.08.499367</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Swapped genetic code blocks viral infections and gene transfer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.14.503903v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A neural mechanism for conserved value computations integrating information and rewards 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.14.503903v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Behavioral and economic theory dictates that we decide between options based on their values. However, humans and animals eagerly seek information about uncertain future rewards, even when this information does not provide any objective value. This implies that decisions can be made by endowing information with subjective value and integrating it with the value of extrinsic rewards, but the mechanism is unknown. Using a novel multi-attribute decision making task we found that human and monkey value judgements are regulated by strikingly conserved computational principles, including how they compute the value of information and scale it with informations timing and ability to resolve a specific form of uncertainty. We then identified a neural substrate in a highly conserved and ancient structure, the lateral habenula (LHb). LHb neurons signal the subjective value of choice options integrating the value of information with extrinsic rewards, and LHb activity both predicts and causally influences online decisions. Key input regions to LHb provide the necessary ingredients for these computations, but do not themselves signal an integrated value signal to guide multi attribute decisions. Our data thus identifies neural mechanisms of the conserved computations underlying multi-attribute, value-based decisions to seek information about the future.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bromberg-Martin, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ogasawara, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monosov, I. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.14.503903</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A neural mechanism for conserved value computations integrating information and rewards]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/261172v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Concentration of 2’C-methyladenosine triphosphate by Leishmania guyanensis enables specific inhibition of Leishmania RNA virus 1 via its RNA polymerase 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/261172v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Leishmania is a widespread trypanosomatid protozoan parasite causing significant morbidity and mortality in humans. The endobiont dsRNA virus Leishmania RNA virus 1 (LRV1) chronically infects some strains, where it increases parasite numbers and virulence in murine leishmaniasis models, and correlates with increased treatment failure in human disease. Previously, we reported that 2-C-methyladenosine (2CMA) potently inhibited LRV1 in Leishmania guyanensis (Lgy) and L. braziliensis, leading to viral eradication at concentrations above 10 {micro}M. Here we probed the cellular mechanisms of 2CMA inhibition, involving metabolism, accumulation and inhibition of the viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP). Activation to 2CMA triphosphate (2CMATP) was required, as 2CMA showed no inhibition of RDRP activity from virions purified on cesium chloride gradients. In contrast, 2CMA-TP showed IC50s ranging from 150 to 910 {micro}M, depending on the CsCl density of the virion (empty, ssRNA- and dsRNA-containing). Lgy parasites incubated in vitro with 10 {micro}M 2CMA accumulated 2CMA-TP to 410 {micro}M, greater than the most sensitive RDRP IC50 measured. Quantitative modeling showed good agreement between the degree of LRV1 RDRP inhibition and LRV1 levels. These results establish that 2CMA activity is due to its conversion to 2CMA-TP, which accumulates to levels that inhibit RDRP and cause LRV1 loss. This attests to the impact of the Leishmania purine uptake and metabolism pathways, which allow even a weak RDRP inhibitor to effectively eradicate LRV1 at micromolar concentrations. Future RDRP inhibitors with increased potency may have potential therapeutic applications for ameliorating the increased Leishmania pathogenicity conferred by LRV1.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Robinson, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beverley, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/261172</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Concentration of 2’C-methyladenosine triphosphate by Leishmania guyanensis enables specific inhibition of Leishmania RNA virus 1 via its RNA polymerase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/292789v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deep Learning Global Glomerulosclerosis in Transplant Kidney Frozen Sections 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/292789v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transplantable kidneys are in very limited supply. Accurate viability assessment prior to transplantation could minimize organ discard. Rapid and accurate evaluation of intra-operative donor kidney biopsies is essential for determining which kidneys are eligible for transplantation. The criteria for accepting or rejecting donor kidneys relies heavily on pathologist determination of the percent of glomeruli (determined from a frozen section) that are normal and sclerotic. This percentage is a critical measurement that correlates with transplant outcome. Inter- and intra-observer variability in donor biopsy evaluation is, however, significant. An automated method for determination of percent global glomerulosclerosis could prove useful in decreasing evaluation variability, increasing throughput, and easing the burden on pathologists. Here, we describe the development of a deep learning model that identifies and classifies non-sclerosed and sclerosed glomeruli in whole-slide images of donor kidney frozen section biopsies. This model extends a convolutional neural network (CNN) pre-trained on a large database of digital images. The extended model, when trained on just 48 whole slide images, exhibits slide-level evaluation performance on par with expert renal pathologists. The model substantially outperforms a model trained on image patches of isolated glomeruli. Encouragingly, the models performance is robust to slide preparation artifacts associated with frozen section preparation. As the first model reported that identifies and classifies normal and sclerotic glomeruli in frozen kidney sections, and thus the first model reported in the literature relevant to kidney transplantation, it may become an essential part of donor kidney biopsy evaluation in the clinical setting.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marsh, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matlock, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kudose, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stappenbeck, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaut, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swamidass, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/292789</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deep Learning Global Glomerulosclerosis in Transplant Kidney Frozen Sections]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/324236v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell type specific profiling of alternative translation identifies novel protein isoforms in the mouse brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/324236v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Translation canonically begins at a single AUG and terminates at the stop codon, generating one protein species per transcript. However, some transcripts may use alternative initiation sites or sustain translation past their stop codon, generating multiple protein isoforms. Through other mechanisms such as alternative splicing, both neurons and glia exhibit remarkable transcriptional diversity, and these other forms of post-transcriptional regulation are impacted by neural activity and disease. Here, using ribosome footprinting, we demonstrate that alternative translation is likewise abundant in the central nervous system and modulated by stimulation and disease. First, in neuron/glia mixed cultures we identify hundreds of transcripts with alternative initiation sites and confirm the protein isoforms corresponding to a subset of these sites by mass spectrometry. Many of them modulate their alternative initiation in response to KCl stimulation, indicating activity-dependent regulation of this phenomenon. Next, we detect several transcripts undergoing stop codon readthrough thus generating novel C-terminally-extended protein isoforms in vitro. Further, by coupling Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification to ribosome footprinting to enable cell-type specific analysis in vivo, we find that several of both neuronal and astrocytic transcripts undergo readthrough in the mouse brain. Functional analyses of one of these transcripts, Aqp4, reveals readthrough confers perivascular localization, indicating readthrough can be a conserved mechanism to modulate protein function. Finally, we show that AQP4 readthrough is disrupted in multiple gliotic disease models. Our study demonstrates the extensive and regulated use of alternative translational events in the brain and indicates that some of these events alter key protein properties.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sapkota, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lake, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wesseling, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guise, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uncu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalal, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kraft, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sands, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steen, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/324236</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell type specific profiling of alternative translation identifies novel protein isoforms in the mouse brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/362814v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell-autonomous regulation of astrocyte activation by the circadian clock protein BMAL1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/362814v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Circadian clock dysfunction is a common symptom of aging and neurodegenerative diseases, though its impact on brain health is poorly understood. Astrocyte activation occurs in response to diverse insults, and plays a critical role in brain health and disease. We report that the core clock protein BMAL1 regulates astrogliosis in a synergistic manner via a cell-autonomous mechanism, and via a lesser non-cell-autonomous signal from neurons. Astrocyte-specific Bmal1 deletion induces astrocyte activation in vitro and in vivo, mediated in part by suppression of glutathione-s-transferase signaling. Functionally, loss of Bmal1 in astrocytes promotes neuronal death in vitro. Our results demonstrate that the core clock protein BMAL1 regulates astrocyte activation and function in vivo, elucidating a novel mechanism by which the circadian clock could influence many aspects of brain function and neurologic disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lananna, B. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nadarajah, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Izumo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cedeno, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dimitry, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tso, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKee, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheehan, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haspel, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barres, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liddelow, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takahashi, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karatsoreos, I. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Musiek, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/362814</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell-autonomous regulation of astrocyte activation by the circadian clock protein BMAL1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/364265v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A smartphone-based tool for rapid, portable, and automated wide-field retinal imaging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/364265v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PurposeHigh-quality, wide-field retinal imaging is a valuable method to screen preventable, vision-threatening diseases of the retina. Smartphone-based retinal cameras hold promise for increasing access to retinal imaging, but variable image quality and restricted field of view can limit their utility. We developed and clinically tested a smartphone-based system that addresses these challenges with automation-assisted imaging.nnMethodsThe system was designed to improve smartphone retinal imaging by combining automated fixation guidance, photomontage, and multi-colored illumination with optimized optics, user-tested ergonomics, and touch-screen interface. System performance was evaluated from images of ophthalmic patients taken by non-ophthalmic personnel. Two masked ophthalmologists evaluated images for abnormalities and disease severity.nnResultsThe system automatically generated 100-degree retinal photomontages from five overlapping images in under 1 minute at full resolution (52.3 pixels per retinal degree) fully on-phone, revealing numerous retinal abnormalities. Feasibility of the system for DR screening using the retinal photomontages was performed in 71 diabetics by masked graders. DR grade matched perfectly with dilated clinical examination in 55.1% of eyes and within 1 severity level for 85.2% of eyes. For referral-warranted DR, average sensitivity was 93.3% and specificity 56.8%.nnConclusionsAutomation-assisted imaging produced high-quality, wide-field retinal images that demonstrate the potential of smartphone-based retinal cameras to be used for retinal disease screening.nnTranslational RelevanceEnhancement of smartphone-based retinal imaging through automation and software intelligence holds great promise for increasing the accessibility of retinal screening.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myers, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reber, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loury, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loumou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Webster, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Echanique, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davila, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maamari, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Switz, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keenan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodward, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paulus, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Margolis, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fletcher, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/364265</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A smartphone-based tool for rapid, portable, and automated wide-field retinal imaging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/396739v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Somatically Mutated Genes Under Positive and Negative Selection Found by Transcriptome Sequence Analysis Include Oncogene and Tumor Suppressor Candidates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/396739v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionOncogenic somatic mutations confer proliferative advantage and undergo positive clonal selection. We developed software and applied new analytical approaches to identify: (1) somatic mutations in diverse tissues, (2) somatically mutated genes under positive and negative selection, (3) post-transcriptional modifications in the mitochondrial transcriptome, and (4) inherited germline alleles predisposing people to higher somatic mutation burden or higher levels of post-transcriptional modification.nnMethodsTranscriptome sequence data (Genotype Tissue Expression project) for 7051 tissue samples from 549 postmortem donors and representing 44 tissue types were used. Germline mutations were inferred from whole-exome DNA sequencing and SNP arrays. DNA somatic mutations were inferred from variant allele frequencies (VAF) in RNA-seq data. Post-transcriptional modifications were inferred from Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) at the p9 sites of mitochondrial tRNA sequences. Positive and negative clonal selection was evaluated using a nonsynonomous/synonomous mutation rate (dN/dS) model. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were assessed with mitochondrial PIC for post-transcriptional modification level, or using the total number of somatic mutations observed per donor for somatic mutation burden.nnResultsOur dN/dS model identified 78 genes under negative selection for somatic mutations (dN/dS < 1, padj < 0.05) and 14 under positive selection (dN/dS > 1, padj <0.05). Our GWAS identified 2 sites associated with post-transcriptional modification (1 approaching significance with p=5.99x10-8, 1 with p<5x10-8) and [~]20 sites associated with somatic mutation burden (p<5x10- 8).nnConclusionsTo our knowledge these are the first genome-wide association studies on normal somatic mutation burden. These studies were an attempt to increase understanding of the somatic mutation process. Our work identified somatic mutations at the global organismal level that may promote cell proliferation in a tissue-specific manner. By identifying tissue-specific mutations in actively expressed genes that appear before cancer phenotype is detected, this work also identifies gene candidates that might initiate tumorigenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Drubin, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rockweiler, N. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conrad, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/396739</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Somatically Mutated Genes Under Positive and Negative Selection Found by Transcriptome Sequence Analysis Include Oncogene and Tumor Suppressor Candidates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/500439v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Analysis of whole genome-transcriptomic organization in brain to identify genes associated with alcoholism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/500439v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alcohol exposure triggers changes in gene expression and biological pathways in human brain. We explored alterations in gene expression in the Pre-Frontal Cortex (PFC) of 65 alcoholics and 73 controls of European descent, and identified 129 genes that showed altered expression (FDR < 0.05) in subjects with alcohol dependence. Differentially expressed genes were enriched for pathways related to interferon signaling and Growth Arrest and DNA Damage-inducible 45 (GADD45) signaling. A coexpression module (thistle2) identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was significantly correlated with alcohol dependence, alcohol consumption, and AUDIT scores. Genes in the thistle2 module were enriched with genes related to calcium signaling pathways and showed significant downregulation of these pathways, as well as enrichment for biological processes related to nicotine response and opioid signaling. A second module (brown4) showed significant upregulation of pathways related to immune signaling. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) for genes in the brown4 module were also enriched for genetic associations with alcohol dependence and alcohol consumption in large genome-wide studies included in the Psychiatric Genetic Consortium and the UK Biobanks alcohol consumption dataset. By leveraging multi-omics data, this transcriptome analysis has identified genes and biological pathways that could provide insight for identifying therapeutic targets for alcohol dependence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kapoor, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farris, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McClintick, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyers, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertelsen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nurnberger, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tischfield, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harari, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeran, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hesselbroc, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bauer, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raj, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porjesz, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agrawal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foroud, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edenberg, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayfield, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goate, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/500439</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Analysis of whole genome-transcriptomic organization in brain to identify genes associated with alcoholism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/500801v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Farnesyl Transferase Inhibition for the Treatment of Tauopathies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/500801v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tau inclusions are a shared feature of many neurodegenerative conditions and tau mutations lead to frontotemporal dementia. Approaches to treatment of these conditions have focused directly on the tau protein by targeting its post-translational modifications, its levels and its tendency to aggregate. We discovered a novel regulatory pathway for tau degradation that operates through the Rhes protein, a GTPase. Rhes is farnesylated and treatment with the farnesyl transferase inhibitor, lonafarnib, reduced Rhes, attenuated behavioral abnormalities, significantly reduced atrophy, tau inclusions, sumoylation and ubiquitination, as well as microgliosis in the rTg4510 tauopathy mouse. Direct reduction of Rhes levels reproduced the results observed with lonafarnib. The mechanism of lonafarnib action, as mediated by Rhes to reduce tau pathology, operates through the lysosome without involvement of the proteasome. Finally we show that the developmental increase in Rhes levels can be homeostatically regulated in the presence of tau mutations as a protective mechanism through which cells sense abnormal tau before any pathology is present. The extensive human trials of lonafarnib for other conditions, makes this drug ideal for repurposing to treat tauopathies.nnOne-sentence summaryVia a mechanism that involves targeting Rhes, lonafarnib can induce lysosomal-mediated tau degradation and prevent pathology in a tau mouse model
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hernandez, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luna, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rauch, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giroux, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karch, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boctor, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Storm, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zekanowski, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hinman, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cerovac, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guzman, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goate, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisher, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cuervo, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kosik, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/500801</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Farnesyl Transferase Inhibition for the Treatment of Tauopathies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/704916v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SEQUIN multiscale imaging of mammalian central synapses reveals loss of synaptic microconnectivity resulting from diffuse traumatic brain injury 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/704916v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The complex microconnectivity of the mammalian brain underlies its computational abilities, and its vulnerability to injury and disease. It has been challenging to illuminate the features of this synaptic network due in part to the small size and exceptionally dense packing of its elements. Here we describe a rapid and accessible super-resolution imaging and image analysis workflow--SEQUIN--that identifies, quantifies, and characterizes central synapses in animal models and in humans, enabling automated volumetric imaging of mesoscale synaptic networks without the laborious production of large histological arrays. Using SEQUIN, we identify delayed cortical synapse loss resulting from diffuse traumatic brain injury. Similar synapse loss is observed in an Alzheimer disease model, where SEQUIN mesoscale mapping of excitatory synapses across the hippocampus identifies region-specific synaptic vulnerability to neurodegeneration. These results establish a novel, easily implemented and robust nano-to-mesoscale synapse quantification and molecular characterization method. They furthermore identify a mechanistic link--synaptopathy--between Alzheimer neurodegeneration and its best-established epigenetic risk factor, brain trauma.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sauerbeck, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gangolli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reitz, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salyards, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hemingway, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makkapati, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerschensteiner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brody, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kummer, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/704916</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SEQUIN multiscale imaging of mammalian central synapses reveals loss of synaptic microconnectivity resulting from diffuse traumatic brain injury]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/741512v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Shared Genetic Risk between Eating Disorder- and Substance-Use-Related Phenotypes: Evidence from Genome-Wide Association Studies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/741512v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Eating disorders and substance use disorders frequently co-occur. Twin studies reveal shared genetic variance between liabilities to eating disorders and substance use, with the strongest associations between symptoms of bulimia nervosa (BN) and problem alcohol use (genetic correlation [rg], twin-based=0.23-0.53). We estimated the genetic correlation between eating disorder and substance use and disorder phenotypes using data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Four eating disorder phenotypes (anorexia nervosa [AN], AN with binge-eating, AN without binge-eating, and a BN factor score), and eight substance-use-related phenotypes (drinks per week, alcohol use disorder [AUD], smoking initiation, current smoking, cigarettes per day, nicotine dependence, cannabis initiation, and cannabis use disorder) from eight studies were included. Significant genetic correlations were adjusted for variants associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). Total sample sizes per phenotype ranged from ~2,400 to ~537,000 individuals. We used linkage disequilibrium score regression to calculate single nucleotide polymorphism-based genetic correlations between eating disorder and substance-use-related phenotypes. Significant positive genetic associations emerged between AUD and AN (rg=0.18; false discovery rate q=0.0006), cannabis initiation and AN (rg=0.23; q<0.0001), and cannabis initiation and AN with binge-eating (rg=0.27; q=0.0016). Conversely, significant negative genetic correlations were observed between three non-diagnostic smoking phenotypes (smoking initiation, current smoking, and cigarettes per day) and AN without binge-eating (rgs=-0.19 to -0.23; qs<0.04). The genetic correlation between AUD and AN was no longer significant after co-varying for MDD loci. The patterns of association between eating disorder- and substance-use-related phenotypes highlights the potentially complex and substance-specific relationships between these behaviors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Munn-Chernoff, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chou, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coleman, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thornton, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walters, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yilmaz, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hubel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medland, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watson, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaspar, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bryois, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hinney, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leppa, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mattheisen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ripke, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giusti-Rodriguez, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanscombe, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alredsson, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ando, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berrettini, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boehm, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boni, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boraska Perica, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buehren, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burghardt, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cassina, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cichon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clementi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cone, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Courtet, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crow, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crowley, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danner, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Zwaan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dedoussis, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Degortes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeSocio, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/741512</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Shared Genetic Risk between Eating Disorder- and Substance-Use-Related Phenotypes: Evidence from Genome-Wide Association Studies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/741744v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Angiosarcoma Project: enabling genomic and clinical discoveries in a rare cancer through patient-partnered research 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/741744v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite collectively accounting for 25% of tumors in U.S. adults, rare cancers have significant unmet clinical needs as they are difficult to study due to low incidence and geographically dispersed patient populations. We sought to assess whether a patient-partnered research approach using online engagement can overcome these challenges and accelerate scientific discovery in rare cancers, focusing on angiosarcoma (AS), an exceedingly rare sarcoma with a dismal prognosis and an annual U.S. incidence of 300 cases. Here, we describe the development of the Angiosarcoma Project (ASCproject), an initiative enabling patients across the U.S. and Canada to remotely share their clinical information and biospecimens for research. The project generates and publicly releases clinically annotated genomic data on tumor and germline specimens on an ongoing basis. Over 18 months, 338 AS patients registered for the ASCproject, comprising a significant fraction of all patients. Whole exome sequencing of 47 AS tumors revealed several recurrently mutated genes, including KDR, TP53, and PIK3CA. Activating mutations in PIK3CA were observed nearly exclusively in primary breast AS, suggesting a therapeutic rationale in these patients. AS of the head, neck, face, and scalp (HNFS) was associated with high tumor mutation burden and a dominant mutational signature of UV light exposure, suggesting that UV damage may be a causative factor in HNFS AS and that this AS subset might be amenable to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Medical record review revealed two patients with HNFS AS received off-label treatment with anti-PD-1 therapy and experienced exceptional responses, highlighting immune checkpoint inhibition as a therapeutic avenue for HNFS AS. This patient-partnered approach has catalyzed an opportunity to discover the etiology and potential therapies for AS patients. Collectively, this proof of concept study demonstrates that empowering patients to directly participate in research can overcome barriers in rare diseases and enable biological and clinical discoveries.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Painter, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomson, B. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunphy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoddard, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Damon, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez Tejeda Zanudo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hornick, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merriam, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raut, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demetri, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Tine, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lander, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golub, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagle, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/741744</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Angiosarcoma Project: enabling genomic and clinical discoveries in a rare cancer through patient-partnered research]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/749010v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Novel genetic determinants of telomere length from a multi-ethnic analysis of 75,000 whole genome sequences in TOPMed 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/749010v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Telomeres shorten in replicating somatic cells, and telomere length (TL) is associated with age-related diseases 1,2. To date, 17 genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 25 loci for leukocyte TL 3-19, but were limited to European and Asian ancestry individuals and relied on laboratory assays of TL. In this study from the NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program, we used whole genome sequencing (WGS) of whole blood for variant genotype calling and the bioinformatic estimation of TL in n=109,122 trans-ethnic (European, African, Asian and Hispanic/Latino) individuals. We identified 59 sentinel variants (p-value <5x10-9) from 36 loci (20 novel, 13 replicated in external datasets). There was little evidence of effect heterogeneity across populations, and 10 loci had >1 independent signal. Fine-mapping at OBFC1 indicated the independent signals colocalized with cell-type specific eQTLs for OBFC1 (STN1). We further identified two novel genes, DCLRE1B (SNM1B) and PARN, using a multi-variant gene-based approach.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Taub, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weinstock, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iyer, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yanek, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conomos, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reiner, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathias, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/749010</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Novel genetic determinants of telomere length from a multi-ethnic analysis of 75,000 whole genome sequences in TOPMed]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/762336v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dissecting the chitinolytic activity of mammalian chitinases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/762336v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chitin is an abundant polysaccharide used by a large range of organisms for structural rigidity and water repulsion. As such, the insoluble crystalline structure of chitin poses significant challenges for enzymatic degradation. Vertebrates do not produce chitin, but do express chitin degrading enzymes. Acidic mammalian chitinase, the primary enzyme involved in the degradation of environmental chitin in mammalian lungs, is a processive glycosyl hydrolase that may be able to make multiple hydrolysis events for each binding event. Mutations to acidic mammalian chitinase have been associated with asthma, and genetic deletion of the enzyme in mice results in significantly increased morbidity and mortality with age. We initially set out to reverse this phenotype by engineering hyperactive acidic mammalian chitinase variants. Using a directed evolution screening approach using commercial fluorogenic substrates, we identified mutations with consistent increases in activity. To determine whether the activity increases observed with oligomeric substrates were consistent with more biologically relevant chitin substrates, we developed new assays to quantify chitinase activity with colloidal crystalline chitin, and identified a high throughput fluorogenic assay that gives sufficient signal to noise advantages to quantify changes to activity due to the addition or removal of a chitin binding domain to the enzyme. We show that the activity increasing mutations derived from our directed evolution screen were lost when crystalline substrates were used. In contrast, naturally occurring gain-of-function mutations gave similar results with oligomeric and crystalline substrates. We also show that the activity differences between acidic mammalian chitinase and chitotriosidase are reduced in the context of crystalline substrate, suggesting that previously reported activity differences with oligomeric substrates may have been largely driven by differential substrate specificity for the oligomers. These results highlight the need for assays against more physiological substrates when engineering complex metabolic enzymes, and provide a new approach that may be broadly applicable to engineering glycosyl hydrolases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barad, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basilio, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Dyken, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Locksley, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraser, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/762336</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dissecting the chitinolytic activity of mammalian chitinases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/816520v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An enhancer:involucrin regulatory module impacts human skin barrier adaptation out-of-Africa and modifies atopic dermatitis risk 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/816520v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The genetic modules that contribute to human evolution are poorly understood. We identified positive selection for two independent involucrin (IVL) haplotypes in European (CEU) and Asian (JPT/CHB) populations for skin epidermis. CEU IVL associated with increased IVL and a known epidermal-specific enhancer underwent a recent selective sweep out-of-Africa correlating with increased northern latitude. CRISPR/Cas9 deletion of the mouse enhancer revealed enhancer-mediated cis regulation for Ivl expression with human population-specific enhancer reporter assays confirming the additive effect. Furthermore, IVL enhancer eQTLs associated with decreased IVL together with filaggrin loss-of-function variants are enriched in atopic dermatitis cases vs. controls. Together, our enhancer-IVL cis regulatory module findings reveal an emerging paradigm for recently evolved traits to impact skin disease risk in contemporary populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mathyer, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brettmann, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodwin, Z. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quiggle, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, I. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tycksen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Estrada, Y. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, X. F. C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Denil, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matkovich, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shemer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Common, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guttman-Yassky, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Guzman Strong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/816520</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An enhancer:involucrin regulatory module impacts human skin barrier adaptation out-of-Africa and modifies atopic dermatitis risk]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/848739v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Oncologic Therapy Shapes the Fitness Landscape of ClonalHematopoiesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/848739v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is frequent in cancer patients and associated with increased risk of therapy related myeloid neoplasms (tMN). To define the relationship between CH, oncologic therapy, and tMN progression, we studied 24,439 cancer patients. We show that previously treated patients have increased rates of CH, with enrichment of mutations in DNA Damage Response (DDR) genes (TP53, PPM1D, CHEK2). Exposure to radiation, platinum and topoisomerase II inhibitors have the strongest association with CH with evidence of dose-dependence and gene-treatment interactions. We validate these associations in serial sampling from 525 patients and show that exposure to cytotoxic and radiation therapy imparts a selective advantage specifically in hematopoietic cells with DDR mutations. In patients who progressed to tMN, the clone at CH demarcated the dominant clone at tMN diagnosis. CH mutational features predict risk of therapy-related myeloid neoplasm in solid tumor patients with clinical implications for early detection and treatment decisions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bolton, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ptashkin, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braunstein, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devlin, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berthon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Syed, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yabe, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coombs, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caltabellotta, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walsh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Offit, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stadler, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mandelker, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schulman, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Philip, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernard, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gundem, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arango, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levine, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medina, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farnhoud, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glodzik, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robson, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pharoah, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stopsack, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spitzer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mantha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fagin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boucai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibson, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ebert, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Druley, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takahashi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillis, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ball, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Padron, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyman, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baselga, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norton, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gardo</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/848739</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Oncologic Therapy Shapes the Fitness Landscape of ClonalHematopoiesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/861393v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Conservation of copy number profiles during engraftment and passaging of patient-derived cancer xenografts 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/861393v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) are resected human tumors engrafted into mice for preclinical studies and therapeutic testing. It has been proposed that the mouse host affects tumor evolution during PDX engraftment and propagation, impacting the accuracy of PDX modeling of human cancer. Here we exhaustively analyze copy number alterations (CNAs) in 1451 PDX and matched patient tumor (PT) samples from 509 PDX models. CNA inferences based on DNA sequencing and microarray data displayed substantially higher resolution and dynamic range than gene expression-based inferences, and they also showed strong CNA conservation from PTs through late-passage PDXs. CNA recurrence analysis of 130 colorectal and breast PT/PDX-early/PDX-late trios confirmed high-resolution CNA retention. We observed no significant enrichment of cancer-related genes in PDX-specific CNAs across models. Moreover, CNA differences between patient and PDX tumors were comparable to variations in multi-region samples within patients. Our study demonstrates the lack of systematic copy number evolution driven by the PDX mouse host.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Woo, X. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giordano, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srivastava, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lloyd, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Bruijn, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suh, Y.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patidar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scherer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bailey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cortes-Sanchez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wickramasinghe, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kossenkov, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rebecca, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mashl, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davies, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeon, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frech, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Randjelovic, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosains, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galimi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertotti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lafferty, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Farrell, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Modave, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lambrechts, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>ter Brugge, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serra, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marangoni, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El Botty, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.-I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dean, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis-Dusenbery, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evrard, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doroshow, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welm, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welm, B. E</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/861393</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Conservation of copy number profiles during engraftment and passaging of patient-derived cancer xenografts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.08.507174v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Embryonic Vitamin D Deficiency Programs Hematopoietic Stem Cells to Induce Type 2 Diabetes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.08.507174v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Environmental factors may alter the fetal genome to cause metabolic diseases. It is unknown whether embryonic immune cell programming impacts the risk of type 2 diabetes in later life. We demonstrate that transplantation of fetal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) made vitamin D deficient in utero induces diabetes in vitamin D-sufficient mice. Vitamin D deficiency epigenetically suppresses Jarid2 expression and activates the Mef2/PGC1a pathway in HSCs, which persists in recipient bone marrow, resulting in adipose macrophage infiltration. These macrophages secrete miR106-5p, which promotes adipose insulin resistance by repressing PIK3 catalytic subunit alpha and AKT signaling. Vitamin D-deficient monocytes from human cord blood have comparable Jarid2/Mef2/PGC1a expression changes and secrete miR-106b-5p, causing adipocyte insulin resistance. These findings suggest that vitamin D deficiency during development has epigenetic consequences impacting the systemic metabolic milieu.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bernal-Mizrachi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riek, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bauerle, K. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dusso, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McNerney, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barve, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darwech, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sprague, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moynihan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Head, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bambouskova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mrad, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collins, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sands, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.08.507174</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Embryonic Vitamin D Deficiency Programs Hematopoietic Stem Cells to Induce Type 2 Diabetes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.11.507463v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Defining Cardiac Recovery at Single Cell Resolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.11.507463v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recovery of cardiac function is the ultimate goal of heart failure therapy. Unfortunately, cardiac recovery remains a rare and poorly understood phemomenon. Herein, we performed single nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) from non-diseased donors and heart failure patients. By comparing patients who recovered LV systolic function following LV assist device implantation to those who did not recover and donors, we defined the cellular and transcriptional landscape and predictors of cardiac recovery. We sequenced 40 hearts and recovered 185,881 nuclei with 13 distinct cell types. Using pseudobulk differential expression analysis to explicate cell specific signatures of cardiac recovery, we observed that recovered cardiomyocytes do not revert to a normal state, and instead, retain transcriptional signatures observed in heart failure. Macrophages and fibroblasts displayed the strongest signatures of recovery. While some evidence of reversion to a normal state was observed, many heart failure associated genes remained elevated and recovery signatures were predominately indicative of a biological state that was unique from donor and heart failure conditions. Acquisition of recovery states was associated with improved LV systolic function. Pro-inflammatory macrophages and inflammatory signaling in fibroblasts were identified as negative predictors of recovery. We identified downregulation of RUNX1 transcriptional activity in macrophages and fibroblasts as a central event associated with and predictive of cardiac recovery. In silico perturbation of RUNX1 in macrophages and fibroblasts recapitulated the transcriptional state of cardiac recovery. This prediction was corroborated in a mouse model of cardiac recovery mediated by BRD4 inhibition where we observed a decrease in macrophage and fibroblast Runx1 expression, diminished chromatin accessibility within peaks linked to the Runx1 locus, and acquisition of recovery signatures. These findings suggest that cardiac recovery is a unique biological state and identify RUNX1 as a possible therapeutic target to facilitate cardiac recovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Amrute, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koenig, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamimoto, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bredemeyer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shankar, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuppe, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kadyrov, F. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schulte, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoutenburg, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kopecky, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navankasattusas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Visker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kramann, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leuschner, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mann, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drakos, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavine, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.11.507463</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Defining Cardiac Recovery at Single Cell Resolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.11.507495v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantifying coexistence concentrations in multi-component phase-separating systems using analytical HPLC 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.11.507495v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Over the last decade, evidence has accumulated to suggest that numerous instances of cellular compartmentalization can be explained by the phenomenon of phase separation. This is a process by which a macromolecular solution separates spontaneously into dense and dilute coexisting phases. Semi-quantitative, in vitro approaches for measuring phase boundaries have proven very useful in determining some key features of biomolecular condensates, but these methods often lack the precision necessary for generating quantitative models. Therefore, there is a clear need for techniques that allow quantitation of coexisting dilute and dense phase concentrations of phase-separating biomolecules, especially in systems with more than one type of macromolecule. Here we report the design and deployment of analytical High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for in vitro separation and quantification of distinct biomolecules that allows us to measure dilute and dense phase concentrations needed to reconstruct coexistence curves in multicomponent mixtures. This approach is label-free, detects lower amounts of material than is accessible with classic UV-spectrophotometers, is applicable to a broad range of macromolecules of interest, is a semi-high-throughput technique, and if needed, the macromolecules can be recovered for further use. The approach promises to provide quantitative insights into the balance of homotypic and heterotypic interactions in multicomponent phase-separating systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bremer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Posey, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borgia, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borcherds, W. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farag, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mittag, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.11.507495</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantifying coexistence concentrations in multi-component phase-separating systems using analytical HPLC]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.12.507614v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bivalent SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines increase breadth of neutralization and protect against the BA.5 Omicron variant 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.12.507614v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants in the Omicron lineage with large numbers of substitutions in the spike protein that can evade antibody neutralization has resulted in diminished vaccine efficacy and persistent transmission. One strategy to broaden vaccine-induced immunity is to administer bivalent vaccines that encode for spike proteins from both historical and newly-emerged variant strains. Here, we evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of two bivalent vaccines that recently were authorized for use in Europe and the United States and contain two mRNAs encoding Wuhan-1 and either BA.1 (mRNA-1273.214) or BA.4/5 (mRNA-1273.222) spike proteins. As a primary immunization series in BALB/c mice, both bivalent vaccines induced broader neutralizing antibody responses than the constituent monovalent vaccines (mRNA-1273 [Wuhan-1], mRNA-1273.529 [BA.1], and mRNA-1273-045 [BA.4/5]). When administered to K18-hACE2 transgenic mice as a booster at 7 months after the primary vaccination series with mRNA-1273, the bivalent vaccines induced greater breadth and magnitude of neutralizing antibodies compared to an mRNA-1273 booster. Moreover, the response in bivalent vaccine-boosted mice was associated with increased protection against BA.5 infection and inflammation in the lung. Thus, boosting with bivalent Omicron-based mRNA-1273.214 or mRNA-1273.222 vaccines enhances immunogenicity and protection against currently circulating SARS-CoV-2 strains.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scheaffer, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitener, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ying, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jani, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amato, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avena, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berrueta, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Dell, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nasir, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuang, G.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart-Jones, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koup, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doria-Rose, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carfi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elbashir, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thackray, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamond, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.12.507614</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bivalent SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines increase breadth of neutralization and protect against the BA.5 Omicron variant]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.13.507827v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolutionary crowdsourcing: alignment of fitness landscapes allows cross-species adaptation of a horizontally transferred gene 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.13.507827v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genes that undergo horizontal gene transfer (HGT) evolve in different genomic backgrounds as they move between hosts, in contrast to genes that evolve under strict vertical inheritance. Despite the ubiquity of HGT in microbial communities, the effects of host-switching on gene evolution have been understudied. Here, we present a novel framework to examine the consequences of host-switching on gene evolution by probing the existence and form of host-dependent mutational effects. We started exploring the effects of HGT on gene evolution by focusing on an antibiotic resistance gene (encoding a beta-lactamase) commonly found on conjugative plasmids in Enterobacteriaceae pathogens. By reconstructing the resistance landscape for a small set of mutationally connected alleles in three enteric species (Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Klebsiella pneumoniae), we uncovered that the landscape topographies were largely aligned with very low levels of host-dependent mutational effects. By simulating gene evolution with and without HGT using the species-specific empirical landscapes, we found that evolutionary outcomes were similar despite HGT. These findings suggest that the adaptive evolution of a mobile gene in one species can translate to adaptation in another species. In such a case, vehicles of cross-species HGT such as plasmids enable a distributed form of genetic evolution across a bacterial community, where species can  crowdsource adaptation from other community members. The role of evolutionary crowdsourcing on the evolution of bacteria merits further investigation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kosterlitz, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grassi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Werner, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGee, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Top, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerr, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.13.507827</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolutionary crowdsourcing: alignment of fitness landscapes allows cross-species adaptation of a horizontally transferred gene]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.15.508086v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dentate gyrus morphogenesis is regulated by β-CATENIN function in hem-derived fimbrial glia. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.15.508086v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The dentate gyrus, a gateway for input to the hippocampal formation, arises from progenitors in the medial telencephalic neuroepithelium adjacent to the cortical hem. Dentate progenitors navigate a complex migratory path guided by two cell populations that arise from the hem, the fimbrial glia, and Cajal-Retzius (CR) cells. Since the hem expresses multiple Wnt genes, we examined whether {beta}-CATENIN, which mediates canonical Wnt signaling and also participates in cell adhesion, is necessary for the development of hem-derived lineages. We report that the fimbrial glial scaffold is disorganized and CR cells are mispositioned upon hem-specific disruption of {beta}-CATENIN. Consequently, the dentate migratory stream is severely affected, and the dentate gyrus fails to form. Using selective Cre drivers, we further determined that {beta}-CATENIN function is required in the fimbrial glial scaffold, but not in the CR cells, for guiding the dentate migration. Our findings highlight a primary requirement for {beta}-CATENIN for the organization of the fimbrial scaffold and a secondary role for this factor in dentate gyrus morphogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Parichha, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Datta, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suresh, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatterjee, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holtzman, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tole, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.15.508086</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dentate gyrus morphogenesis is regulated by β-CATENIN function in hem-derived fimbrial glia.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.15.507967v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Acute hyper- and hypoglycemia uncouples the metabolic cooperation between glucose and lactate to disrupt sleep 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.15.507967v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The sleep-wake cycle is a master regulator of metabolic and neuronal activity and when altered, can have profound effects on metabolic health and disease. Although consideration is given to how fluctuations in blood glucose affect peripheral physiology and metabolism, less is known about how glucose dysregulation impacts the intrinsic cooperation between brain metabolism and neuronal activity to regulate sleep. To understand the effect of peripheral hyper- and hypoglycemia on these relationships, we paired biosensors measuring hippocampal interstitial fluid (ISF) levels of glucose and lactate with cortical EEG/EMG recordings to produce simultaneous subsecond recordings of ISF glucose, lactate, and sleep-wake states. First, we describe a conserved temporal relationships between ISF glucose and lactate based on their intrinsic oscillations, diurnal rhythms, and sleep/wake cycles. ISF glucose and lactate oscillations are largely anti-correlated but the frequency of their oscillations dictate their power, coherence, and phase. While ISF glucose and lactate both have diurnal fluctuations, only ISF lactate is consistently elevated during wake. During wake, fluctuations in ISF lactate are associated with changes in the EEG power spectrum, suggesting wake-related activity is more closely associated with ISF lactate. Modulation of glucose availability via both hyper- or hypoglycemia disrupts the relationship between peripheral metabolism, brain metabolism, and sleep. Hyper- and hypo-glycemia increase ISF lactate, decrease NREM, and alter EEG spectral activity, again demonstrating ISF lactate drives wake-associated behaviors and disrupts sleep. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that peripheral glucose homeostasis is necessary for maintaining the relationships between brain metabolism, neuronal activity, and sleep-wake patterns and deviations in blood glucose levels are sufficient to disrupt the metabolic signature of sleep-wake states, putting the brain at risk in diseases like type-2-diabetes and Alzheimers disease.

Graphical Abstract. Peripheral glucose homeostasis directly modifies sleep/wake patterns

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=193 SRC="FIGDIR/small/507967v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Carroll, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stanley, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raut, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Constantino, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irmen, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitra, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snipes, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raichle, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holtzman, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gould, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kishida, K. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macauley, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.15.507967</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Acute hyper- and hypoglycemia uncouples the metabolic cooperation between glucose and lactate to disrupt sleep]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.16.508281v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-omics data integration via novel interpretable k-hop graph attention network for signaling network inference 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.16.508281v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
With the advent of sequencing technology, large-scale multi-omics data have been generated to understand the diversity and heterogeneity of genetic targets and associated complex signaling pathways at multiple levels in diseases, which are critical targets to guide the development of personalized precision medicine. However, it remains a challenging task to computationally mine a few essential targets and pathways from a large number of variables characterized by the multi-level multi-omics data. In this study, we proposed a novel interpretable k-hop graph attention network model, k-hop GAT, to integrate the multi-omics data to infer the essential targets and related signaling networks. We evaluated the proposed model using the multi-omics data, i.e., genetic mutation, copy number variation, methylation, gene expression data, of 332 cancer lines; and the experimentally identified essential targets. The validation and comparison results indicated that the proposed model outperformed the GAT and graph convolutional network (GCN) models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yuan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payne, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.16.508281</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-omics data integration via novel interpretable k-hop graph attention network for signaling network inference]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.16.508254v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The cingulo-opercular network is composed of two distinct sub-systems 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.16.508254v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cingulo-opercular (CO) network and its two best studied regions - the dorsal anterior cingulate and anterior insula - have been linked to task control, but also implicated in many additional processes across cognitive, social, and emotional domains. However, most prior work investigating the CO network has used a group-average approach, which may mix signals across nearby regions that vary across individuals. Here, we reevaluate the CO networks role in task control with both task and rest fMRI, using regions with a high probability of CO network agreement across individuals. Hierarchical clustering analyses suggest heterogeneity in the CO networks task response properties, with one sub-system (CO1) showing consistency with prior task control characterizations while another sub-system (CO2) has weak task control responses, but preserved ties to pain and motor functions. Resting-state connectivity confirms subtle differences in the architecture of these two sub-systems. This evidence suggests that, when individual variation in network locations is addressed, the CO network includes (at least) two linked sub-systems with differential roles in task control and other cognitive/motor/interoceptive responses, which may help explain varied accounts of its functions. We propose that this fractionation may reflect expansion of primary CO body-oriented control functions to broader domain-general contexts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gratton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dworetsky, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adeyemo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seitzman, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petersen, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neta, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.16.508254</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The cingulo-opercular network is composed of two distinct sub-systems]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.16.508329v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic, clinical underpinnings of subtle early brain change along Alzheimer's dimensions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.16.508329v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alzheimers disease (AD) is associated with heterogeneous atrophy patterns. We employed a semi-supervised clustering technique known as Surreal-GAN, through which we identified two dominant dimensions of brain atrophy in symptomatic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD patients: the "diffuse-AD" (R1) dimension shows widespread brain atrophy, and the "MTL-AD" (R2) dimension displays focal medial temporal lobe (MTL) atrophy. Critically, only R2 was associated with widely known sporadic AD genetic risk factors (e.g., APOE {varepsilon}4) in MCI and AD patients at baseline. We then independently detected the presence of the two dimensions in the early stages by deploying the trained model in the general population and two cognitively unimpaired cohorts of asymptomatic participants. In the general population, genome-wide association studies found 77 genes unrelated to APOE differentially associated with R1 and R2. Functional analyses revealed that these genes were overrepresented in differentially expressed gene sets in organs beyond the brain (R1 and R2), including the heart (R1) and the pituitary gland, muscle, and kidney (R2). These genes were enriched in biological pathways implicated in dendritic cells (R2), macrophage functions (R1), and cancer (R1 and R2). Several of them were "druggable genes" for cancer (R1), inflammation (R1), cardiovascular diseases (R1), and diseases of the nervous system (R2). The longitudinal progression showed that APOE {varepsilon}4, amyloid, and tau were associated with R2 at early asymptomatic stages, but this longitudinal association occurs only at late symptomatic stages in R1. Our findings deepen our understanding of the multifaceted pathogenesis of AD beyond the brain. In early asymptomatic stages, the two dimensions are associated with diverse pathological mechanisms, including cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, and hormonal dysfunction - driven by genes different from APOE - which may collectively contribute to the early pathogenesis of AD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>WEN, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nasrallah, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erus, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srinivasan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdulkadir, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mamourian, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varol, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boquet-Pujadas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toga, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saykin, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hohman, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villeneuve, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gollub, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sotiras, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wittfeld, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grabe, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tosun, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bilgel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcus, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LaMontagne, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heckbert, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Austin, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Launer, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Espeland, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masters, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maruff, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fripp, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albert, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nick, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Resnick, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrucci, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohamad, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolk, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dav</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.16.508329</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic, clinical underpinnings of subtle early brain change along Alzheimer's dimensions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.18.508433v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SHEPHARD: a modular and extensible software architecture for analyzing and annotating large protein datasets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.18.508433v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The emergence of high-throughput experiments and high-resolution computational predictions has led to an explosion in the quality and volume of protein sequence annotations at proteomic scales. Unfortunately, integrating and analyzing complex sequence annotations remains logistically challenging. Here we present SHEPHARD, a software package that makes large-scale integrative protein bioinformatics trivial. SHEPHARD is provided as a stand-alone package and with a pre-compiled set of human annotations in a Google Colab notebook.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ginell, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flynn, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.18.508433</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SHEPHARD: a modular and extensible software architecture for analyzing and annotating large protein datasets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.19.508524v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The incidence of candidate binding sites for β-arrestin in Drosophila neuropeptide GPCRs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.19.508524v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To support studies of neuropeptide neuromodulation, I have studied beta-arrestin binding sites (BBSs) by evaluating the incidence of BBS sequences among the C terminal tails (CTs) of each of the 49 Drosophila melanogaster neuropeptide GPCRs. BBS were identified by matches with a prediction derived from structural analysis of rhodopsin:arrestin and vasopressin receptor: arrestin complexes (1). To increase the rigor of the identification, I determined the conservation of BBS sequences between two long-diverged species D. melanogaster and D. virilis. There is a great diversity in the profile of BBSs in this group of GPCRs. I present evidence for conserved BBSs in a majority of the Drosophila neuropeptide GPCRs; notably some have no conserved BBS sequences. In addition, certain GPCRs display numerous conserved compound BBSs, and many GPCRs display BBS-like sequences in their intracellular loop (ICL) domains as well. Finally, 20 of the neuropeptide GPCRs are expressed as protein isoforms that vary in their CT domains. BBS profiles are typically different across related isoforms suggesting a need to diversify and regulate the extent and nature of GPCR:arrestin interactions. This work provides the initial basis to initiate future in vivo, genetic analyses in Drosophila to evaluate the roles of arrestins in neuropeptide GPCR desensitization, trafficking and signaling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Taghert, P. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.19.508524</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The incidence of candidate binding sites for β-arrestin in Drosophila neuropeptide GPCRs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.19.508592v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Loss of estrogen unleashing neuro-inflammation increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease in women 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.19.508592v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The risk of Alzheimers disease (AD) in women is about 2 times greater than in men. The estrogen hypothesis is being accepted as the essential sex factor causing the sex difference in AD. Also, the recent meta-analysis using large-scale medical records data indicated estrogen replacement therapy. However, the underlying molecular targets and mechanisms explaining this sex difference in AD disease development remain unclear. In this study, we identified that estrogen treatment can strongly inhibition of neuro-inflammation signaling targets, using the systems pharmacology model; and identified ESR1/ESR2 (the receptors of estrogen) are topologically close to the neuroinflammation biomarker genes using signaling network analysis. Moreover, the estrogen level in women decreased to an extremely lower level than in men after age 55. Pooling together the multiple pieces of evidence, it is concluded that the loss of estrogen unleashing neuro-inflammation increases the womens risk of Alzheimers disease. These analysis results provide novel supporting evidence explaining the potential mechanism of the anti-neuroinflammation role of estrogen causing the sex difference of AD. Medications boosting the direct downstream signaling of ESR1/ESR2, or inhibiting upstream signaling targets of neuroinflammation, like JAK2 inhibitors, on the signaling network can be potentially effective or synergistic combined with estrogen for AD prevention and treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eteleeb, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchser, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cole, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDade, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karch, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harari, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payne, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cruchaga, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.19.508592</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Loss of estrogen unleashing neuro-inflammation increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease in women]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.20.508375v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neuraminidase activity modulates cellular co-infection during influenza A virus multicycle growth 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.20.508375v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Infection of individual cells by multiple virions plays critical roles in the replication and spread of many viruses, but mechanisms that control cellular co-infection during multi-cycle viral growth remain unclear. Here, we investigate virus-intrinsic factors that control cellular co-infection by influenza A virus (IAV). Using quantitative fluorescence to track the spread of virions from single infected cells, we identify the IAV surface protein neuraminidase (NA) as a key determinant of cellular co-infection. We map this effect to NAs ability to deplete viral receptors from both infected and neighboring uninfected cells. In cases where viral infectious potential is low, genetic or pharmacological inhibition of NA increases the local spread of infection by increasing the viral load received by neighboring cells. These results identify virus-intrinsic factors that contribute to cellular multiplicity of infection, and suggest that optimal levels of NA activity depend on the infectious potential of the virus in question.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benegal, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vahey, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.20.508375</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neuraminidase activity modulates cellular co-infection during influenza A virus multicycle growth]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.20.508499v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ETV6 Deficiency and Microsatellite Enhancers Drive Transcriptional Dysregulation in B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.20.508499v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Distal enhancers play critical roles in sustaining oncogenic gene expression programs. We identify aberrant enhancer-like activation of GGAA tandem repeats as a characteristic feature of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) with genetic defects of the ETV6 transcriptional repressor, including ETV6-RUNX1+ and ETV6-null B-ALL. We show that GGAA repeat enhancers are direct activators of previously identified ETV6-RUNX1+ B-ALL "signature" genes, including likely oncogenic drivers. When restored to ETV6-deficient B-ALL cells, ETV6 directly binds to GGAA repeat enhancers, represses their acetylation, downregulates adjacent genes, and inhibits B-ALL growth. In ETV6-deficient B-ALL cells, we find that the ETS transcription factor ERG directly binds to GGAA microsatellite enhancers and is required for sustained activation of many repeat enhancer-activated genes. Together, our findings reveal a novel epigenetic gatekeeper function of the ETV6 tumor suppressor gene and establish microsatellite enhancers as a key mechanism underlying the unique gene expression program of ETV6-RUNX1+ B-ALL.

SignificanceWe show that the oncogenic gene expression program of a common pediatric leukemia relies on repetitive noncoding elements that are not conserved between humans and rodents, placing important limitations on animal models for this disease. Our findings may present new opportunities for targeting cancer-specific chromatin dysregulation in leukemia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kodgule, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldman, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monovich, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saari, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, C. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajesh, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguilar, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, M. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cieslik, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryan, R. J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.20.508499</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ETV6 Deficiency and Microsatellite Enhancers Drive Transcriptional Dysregulation in B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.22.509040v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron boosting induces de novo B cell response in humans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.22.509040v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The primary two-dose SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine series are strongly immunogenic in humans, but the emergence of highly infectious variants necessitated additional doses of these vaccines and the development of new variant-derived ones1-4. SARS-CoV-2 booster immunizations in humans primarily recruit pre-existing memory B cells (MBCs)5-9. It remains unclear, however, whether the additional doses induce germinal centre (GC) reactions where reengaged B cells can further mature and whether variant-derived vaccines can elicit responses to novel epitopes specific to such variants. Here, we show that boosting with the original SARS- CoV-2 spike vaccine (mRNA-1273) or a B.1.351/B.1.617.2 (Beta/Delta) bivalent vaccine (mRNA-1273.213) induces robust spike-specific GC B cell responses in humans. The GC response persisted for at least eight weeks, leading to significantly more mutated antigen-specific MBC and bone marrow plasma cell compartments. Interrogation of MBC-derived spike-binding monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) isolated from individuals boosted with either mRNA-1273, mRNA-1273.213, or a monovalent Omicron BA.1-based vaccine (mRNA-1273.529) revealed a striking imprinting effect by the primary vaccination series, with all mAbs (n=769) recognizing the original SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Nonetheless, using a more targeted approach, we isolated mAbs that recognized the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (BA.1) but not the original SARS-CoV-2 spike from the mRNA-1273.529 boosted individuals. The latter mAbs were less mutated and recognized novel epitopes within the spike protein, suggesting a naive B cell origin. Thus, SARS-CoV-2 boosting in humans induce robust GC B cell responses, and immunization with an antigenically distant spike can overcome the antigenic imprinting by the primary vaccination series.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alsoussi, W. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malladi, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ying, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmitz, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horvath, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sturtz, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McIntire, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evavold, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheaffer, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fox, I. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parra-Rodriguez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nachbagauer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nestorova, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chalkias, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farnsworth, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klebert, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pusic, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strnad, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Middleton, W. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teefey, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whelan, S. P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamond, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paris, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Halloran, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Presti, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellebedy, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.22.509040</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2 Omicron boosting induces de novo B cell response in humans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.22.507167v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Glutamatergic Supramammillary Nucleus Neurons Promote Active Coping to Stress 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.22.507167v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Threat-response neural circuits are conserved across species and play roles in normal behavior and psychiatric diseases. Maladaptive changes in these neural circuits contribute to stress, mood, and anxiety disorders. Active coping in response to stressors is a psychosocial factor associated with resilience against stress-induced mood and anxiety disorders. The neural circuitry underlying active coping is poorly understood, but the functioning of these circuits could be key for overcoming anxiety and related disorders. The supramammillary nucleus (SuM) has been suggested to be engaged by threat. SuM has many projections and contains a poorly understood diversity of populations. We identified a unique population of glutamatergic SuM neurons (SuMVGLUT2+::POA) based on projection to the preoptic area of the hypothalamus (POA) and found SuMVGLUT2+::POA neurons have extensive arborizations. SuMVGLUT2+::POA neurons project to brain areas that mediate various features of the stress and threat responses including the paraventricular nucleus thalamus (PVT), periaqueductal gray (PAG), and the habenula (Hb). Thus, SuMVGLUT2+::POA neurons are positioned as a hub, connecting to areas implicated in regulating stress responses. Here we report SuMVGLUT2+::POA neurons are recruited by diverse threatening stressors, and recruitment of SuMVGLUT2+::POA neurons correlated with active coping behaviors. We found that selective photoactivation of the SuMVGLUT2+::POA population drove aversion but not anxiety like behaviors. Activation of SuMVGLUT2+::POA neurons in the absence of acute stressors evoked active coping like behaviors and drove instrumental behavior (selective port activations) (Figure 6). Also, activation of SuMVGLUT2+::POA neurons was sufficient to convert passive coping strategies to active behaviors during acute stress. In contrast, we found activation of GABAergic (VGAT+) SuM neurons (SuMVGAT+) neurons did not alter drive aversion or active coping, but termination of photostimulation was followed by increased mobility in the forced swim test. These findings establish a new node in stress response circuitry that has projections to many brain areas, evokes flexible active coping behaviors, and offers new opportunities for furthering our neurobiological understanding of stress.

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=134 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/507167v4_fig6.gif" ALT="Figure 6">
View larger version (30K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@717f84org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@16ad323org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@4ba5b6org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@6c811e_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG O_FLOATNOFigure 6.C_FLOATNO SuMVGLUT2+::POA neurons can drive instrumental action-outcome operant behavior (A) Schematic of injection and implant in VGLUT2+ Cre mice and paradigm of testing in 10-minute trials with four days before a progressive ratio (PR) trial on day five. (B) Illustration of the testing paradigm and set up. 10 Hz photostimulation was applied during the trials. Activation of the active port triggered the house light and paused stimulation for 10 seconds. Also shown is the progressive ratio used with number of required port activations per reward on vertical axis and reward number on the horizontal. (C) Cre+ mice (n=11) activated the active port triggering significantly (****p<0.0001) more pauses in stimulation than Cre- mice (n=11) mice on all four days of testing. (D) Cre+ mice activated the port significantly (****p<0.0001, ***p<0.001) more than the Cre- mice on all four trials. (E) The time to first activation of the active port was significantly (*p=0.046) different during the first trial, and Cre+ mice activated the active port significantly (**p<0.01, **p<0.01, **p=0.034) faster on subsequent trials. (F) On the fifth day after four 10-minute trials, mice were tested for 30 minutes using a progressive ratio. Cre+ performed significantly (****p<0.001) more active port activations than Cre- mice and activated the inactive port significantly more (**p=0.001) times. Cre+ mice also triggered significantly (****p<0.001) more pauses in photostimulation than Cre- mice. (G) Individual data for a representative (n=7) cohort of Cre+ mice showing cumulative active port activations as a function of time during the progressive ratio test show on-going engagement of the active port throughout the 30-minute trial. (H) The cumulative pauses in photostimulation (rewards) earned as a function of time during the progressive ratio trial are shown for individual Cre+ mice. Mice earned between 7 and 11 pause rewards during the trial. All data plotted as means {+/-}SEM.

C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Holloway, S.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Votoupal, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Escobedo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Legaria, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ndiokho, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Floyd, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kravitz, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruchas, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norris, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.22.507167</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Glutamatergic Supramammillary Nucleus Neurons Promote Active Coping to Stress]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.22.508929v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dopaminergic innervation at the central nucleus of the amygdala reveals distinct topographically and functionally segregated regions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.22.508929v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) is involved in the expression of fear and has been implicated in several anxiety disorders. Anatomically, it is divided in a medial (CeM), a lateral (CeL) and a capsular division (CeC). The CeA is densely innervated by dopaminergic projections that originate in the ventral periaqueductal gray/dorsal raphe (vPAG/DR) and the ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra compacta (VTA/SNc). However, it is unknown if DA exerts a homogenous control over the CeA or, conversely, if different parts of the CeA are regulated in a distinct manner. Here, we performed a neuroanatomical and functional analysis of the mouse CeA and revealed that dopaminergic innervations arriving from the PAG/DR and the VTA/SNc constitute distinct, non-overlapping pathways that differ in their expression of dopamine transporter. By quantifying the distribution of DAergic fibers and the origin of the innervation, we identified two regions in the CeL: a frontal region innervated by both the VTA/SNc and the vPAG/DR, and a caudal region innervated only by the vPAG/DR; and three regions in the CeC: a fronto-dorsal region innervated only by the VTA/SNc, a fronto-ventral region with sparse DAergic innervation, and a caudal region with low innervation from the vPAG/DR. In addition, we found that each region displays a unique pattern of cFos activation after the administration of cocaine, SKF 38393, quinpirole or haloperidol, demonstrating that the regions identified here are functionally distinct from each other. In summary, this analysis reveals unique properties of the DAergic pathways innervating the CeA, and distinguishes six topographically segregated and functionally distinct regions in the CeA. This unanticipated level of functional heterogeneity calls for more precise anatomical specificity in future functional studies of the CeA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Casey, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avale, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kravitz, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubinstein, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.22.508929</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dopaminergic innervation at the central nucleus of the amygdala reveals distinct topographically and functionally segregated regions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.22.509045v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparison Between Gradients and Parcellations for Functional Connectivity Prediction of Behavior 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.22.509045v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) is widely used to predict behavioral measures. To predict behavioral measures, representing RSFC with parcellations and gradients are the two most popular approaches. Here, we compare parcellation and gradient approaches for RSFC-based prediction of a broad range of behavioral measures in the Human Connectome Project (HCP) and Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) datasets. Among the parcellation approaches, we consider group-average "hard" parcellations (Schaefer et al., 2018), individual-specific "hard" parcellations (Kong et al., 2021a), and an individual-specific "soft" parcellation (spatial independent component analysis with dual regression; Beckmann et al., 2009). For gradient approaches, we consider the well-known principal gradients (Margulies et al., 2016) and the local gradient approach that detects local RSFC changes (Laumann et al., 2015). Across two regression algorithms, individual-specific hard-parcellation performs the best in the HCP dataset, while the principal gradients, spatial independent component analysis and group-average "hard" parcellations exhibit similar performance. On the other hand, principal gradients and all parcellation approaches perform similarly in the ABCD dataset. Across both datasets, local gradients perform the worst. Finally, we find that the principal gradient approach requires at least 40 to 60 gradients to perform as well as parcellation approaches. While most principal gradient studies utilize a single gradient, our results suggest that incorporating higher order gradients can provide significant behaviorally relevant information. Future work will consider the inclusion of additional parcellation and gradient approaches for comparison.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kong, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, Y. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wulan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ooi, L. Q. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farahibozorg, S.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harrison, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bijsterbosch, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernhardt, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eickhoff, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, B. T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.22.509045</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparison Between Gradients and Parcellations for Functional Connectivity Prediction of Behavior]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.26.509507v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Aging and Obesity Prime the Methylome and Transcriptome of Adipose Stem Cells for Disease and Dysfunction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.26.509507v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The epigenome of stem cells occupies a critical interface between genes and environment, serving to regulate expression through modification by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. We hypothesized that aging and obesity, which represent major risk factors for a variety of diseases, synergistically modify the epigenome of adult adipose stem cells (ASCs). Using integrated RNA- and targeted bisulfite-sequencing in murine ASCs from lean and obese mice at 5- and 12- months of age, we identified global DNA hypomethylation with either aging or obesity, and a synergistic effect of aging combined with obesity. The transcriptome of ASCs in lean mice was relatively stable to the effects of age, but this was not true in obese mice. Functional pathway analyses identified a subset of genes with critical roles in progenitors and in diseases of obesity and aging. Specifically, Mapt, Nr3c2, App, and Ctnnb1 emerged as potential hypomethylated upstream regulators in both aging and obesity (AL vs YL and AO vs YO), and App, Ctnnb1, Hipk2, Id2, and Tp53 exhibited additional effects of aging in obese animals. Further, Foxo3 and Ccnd1 were potential hypermethylated upstream regulators of healthy aging (AL vs YL), and of the effects of obesity in young animals (YO vs YL), suggesting that these factors could play a role in accelerated aging with obesity. Finally, we identified candidate driver genes that appeared recurrently in all analyses and comparisons undertaken. Further mechanistic studies are needed to validate the roles of these genes capable of priming ASCs for dysfunction in aging- and obesity-associated pathologies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xie, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choudhari, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abramson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corcoran, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gregory, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thimmapuram, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guilak, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Little, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.26.509507</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Aging and Obesity Prime the Methylome and Transcriptome of Adipose Stem Cells for Disease and Dysfunction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.25.509432v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Amyloid-beta biomarkers in Braak stages and their predictive relationships with cognitive impairment: Support vector machine and deep learning approaches 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.25.509432v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Amyloid-beta (A{beta}) and tau tangles are hallmarks of Alzheimers disease. A{beta} distributions in the tau-defined Braak staging regions and their multivariate predictive relationships with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are not known. In this study, we used PiB PET data from 60 participants (33 with MCI and 27 healthy controls (HC)), quantified A{beta} as distribution volume ratio (DVR) in Braak regions, and compared between MCI and controls to test the hypothesis that DVR alters with declining cognition. We found elevated DVR in participants with MCI, especially in the spatial distribution of Braak stages III-IV and V-VII, while an alteration in Braak stage I-II was near the statistical significance. DVR markers correlated with cognitive status, especially in Braak stages III-IV and VI-V. To evaluate whether these markers are predictive of cognitive dysfunction, we designed support vector machine and artificial neural network models. These methods showed predictive multivariate relationships between A{beta} makers of Braak regions and cognitive impairment. Overall, these results highlight the importance of computer-aided research efforts for understanding AD pathophysiology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Taha, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soni, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thakuri, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ritter, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattarai, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chand, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.25.509432</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Amyloid-beta biomarkers in Braak stages and their predictive relationships with cognitive impairment: Support vector machine and deep learning approaches]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.26.509532v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Clonally related, Notch-differentiated spinal neurons integrate into distinct circuits 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.26.509532v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Shared lineage has diverse effects on patterns of neuronal connectivity. In mammalian cortex, excitatory sister neurons assemble into shared microcircuits, whereas throughout the Drosophila nervous system, Notch-differentiated sister neurons diverge into distinct circuits. Notch-differentiated sister neurons have been observed in vertebrate spinal cord and cerebellum, but whether they integrate into shared or distinct circuits remains unknown. Here we evaluate the connectivity between sister V2a/b neurons in the zebrafish spinal cord. Using an in vivo labeling approach, we identified pairs of sister V2a/b neurons born from individual Vsx1+ progenitors and observed that they have similar axonal trajectories and proximal somata. However, paired whole-cell electrophysiology and optogenetics revealed that sister V2a/b neurons receive input from distinct presynaptic sources, do not communicate with each other, and connect to largely distinct targets. These results resemble the divergent connectivity in Drosophila and represent the first evidence of Notch-differentiated circuit integration in a vertebrate system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bello-Rojas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagnall, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.26.509532</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Clonally related, Notch-differentiated spinal neurons integrate into distinct circuits]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.26.509603v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrated Model of the Vertebrate Augmin Complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.26.509603v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurate segregation of chromosomes is required to maintain genome integrity during cell division. This feat is accomplished by the microtubule-based spindle. To build a spindle rapidly and with high fidelity, cells take advantage of branching microtubule nucleation, which exponentially amplifies microtubules during cell division. Branching microtubule nucleation relies on the hetero-octameric augmin complex, but understanding how augmin promotes branching has been hindered by a lack of structural information about the complex. Here, we report an integrated model of vertebrate augmin, combining cryo-electron microscopy, advanced protein structural prediction, and the visualization of fused bulky tags via negative stain electron microscopy. This strategy allowed us to identify the location and orientation of each subunit within the structure. Evolutionary analysis of augmins structure reveals that it is highly conserved across diverse eukaryotes, and that augmin contains a previously-unidentified microtubule binding site. Moreover, we identify homology with the kinetochore-localized NDC80 complex. This new model of the augmin complex provides insight towards the mechanism and evolution of branching microtubule nucleation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Travis, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahon, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rale, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kraus, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petry, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.26.509603</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrated Model of the Vertebrate Augmin Complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.26.509442v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Age-associated sleep-wake patterns are altered with Prdm13 signaling in the dorsomedial hypothalamus and dietary restriction in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.26.509442v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Old animals display significant alterations in sleep-wake patterns such as increases in sleep fragmentation and sleep propensity. Here we demonstrated that dorsomedial hypothalamus-specific PR-domain containing protein 13-knockout (DMH-Prdm13-KO) mice recapitulated age-associated sleep alterations such as sleep fragmentation and increased sleep attempts during sleep deprivation (SD). These phenotypes were further exacerbated during aging, with increased adiposity and decreased physical activity, resulting in shortened lifespan. Dietary restriction (DR), a well-known anti-aging intervention in diverse organisms, ameliorated age-associated sleep alterations, whereas these effects of DR were abrogated in DMH-Prdm13-KO mice. Moreover, overexpression of Prdm13 in the DMH ameliorated sleep fragmentation and excessive sleepiness during SD in old mice. Therefore, maintaining Prdm13 signaling in the DMH might play an important role to control sleep-wake patterns during aging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tsuji, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brace, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tada, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rensing, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mizuno, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almunia, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakamura, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ogiso, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toyokuni, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takahashi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imai, S.-i.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satoh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.26.509442</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Age-associated sleep-wake patterns are altered with Prdm13 signaling in the dorsomedial hypothalamus and dietary restriction in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.27.509745v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Control of lipolysis by a population of oxytocinergic sympathetic neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.27.509745v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Oxytocin (OXT), a nine amino acid peptide produced in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary, has well-known actions in parturition, lactation, and social behavior1, and has become an intriguing therapeutic target for diseases like autism and schizophrenia2. Exogenous OXT has also been shown to promote weight loss, among other beneficial metabolic effects1,3, suggesting that its therapeutic potential may extend to diabetes and obesity1,4. It is unclear, however, whether endogenous OXT participates in metabolic homeostasis. Here we show that OXT is a critical regulator of adipose tissue lipolysis in both mice and humans. In addition, OXT serves to license the ability of {beta}- adrenergic agonists to fully promote lipolysis. Most surprisingly, the relevant source of OXT in these metabolic actions is a previously unidentified subpopulation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive sympathetic neurons. Our data reveal that OXT from the peripheral nervous system is an endogenous regulator of adipose and systemic metabolism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.27.509745</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Control of lipolysis by a population of oxytocinergic sympathetic neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.27.509777v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Multivariate Approach to Understanding the Genetic Overlap between Externalizing Phenotypes and Substance Use Disorders 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.27.509777v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Substance use disorders (SUDs) are phenotypically and genetically correlated with each other and with other psychological traits characterized by behavioral undercontrol, termed externalizing phenotypes. In this study, we used Genomic Structural Equation Modeling to explore the shared genetic architecture among six externalizing phenotypes and four SUDs used in two previous multivariate GWAS of an externalizing and an addiction risk factor, respectively. Using a preregistered set of criteria, we first evaluated the performance of five confirmatory factor analytic models, including a common factor model, alternative parameterizations of two-factor structures, and a bifactor model. We used a combination of model fit, factor reliability, and model characteristics to adjudicate among the models. We next explored the genetic correlations between factors identified in these models and other relevant psychological traits. We found that a common factor model, in which all externalizing phenotypes and SUDs were influenced by a single dimension of genetic risk best characterized the relationships among our phenotypes. Although two two-factor models also performed well, we found that the factors in those models were very highly correlated with each other (rgS > .87) and similarly genetically correlated with external criteria, suggesting they did not represent meaningfully distinct dimensions. Results from this study can be used to inform future efforts to characterize genetic liability for broad externalizing as well as specific externalizing phenotypes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Poore, H. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatoum, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mallard, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez-Roige, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waldman, I. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harden, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barr, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dick, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.27.509777</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Multivariate Approach to Understanding the Genetic Overlap between Externalizing Phenotypes and Substance Use Disorders]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.27.509797v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Neurotoxin DSP-4 Dysregulates the Locus Coeruleus-Norepinephrine System and Recapitulates Molecular and Behavioral Aspects of Prodromal Neurodegenerative Disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.27.509797v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) is among the earliest sites of tau and alpha-synuclein pathology in Alzheimers disease (AD) and Parkinsons disease (PD), respectively. The onset of these pathologies coincides with loss of noradrenergic fibers in LC target regions and the emergence of prodromal symptoms including sleep disturbances and anxiety. Paradoxically, these prodromal symptoms are indicative of a noradrenergic hyperactivity phenotype, rather than the predicted loss of norepinephrine (NE) transmission following LC damage, suggesting the engagement of complex compensatory mechanisms. Because current therapeutic efforts are targeting early disease, interest in the LC has grown, and it is critical to identify the links between pathology and dysfunction. We employed the LC-specific neurotoxin DSP-4, which preferentially damages LC axons, to model early changes in the LC-NE system pertinent to AD and PD in male and female mice. DSP-4 (2 doses of 50 mg/kg, 1 week apart) induced LC axon degeneration, triggered neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, and reduced tissue NE levels. There was no LC cell death or changes to LC firing, but transcriptomics revealed reduced expression of genes that define noradrenergic identity and other changes relevant to neurodegenerative disease. Despite the dramatic loss of LC fibers, NE turnover and signaling were elevated in terminal regions and were associated with anxiogenic phenotypes in multiple behavioral tests. These results represent a comprehensive analysis of how the LC-NE system responds to axon/terminal damage reminiscent of early AD and PD at the molecular, cellular, systems, and behavioral levels, and provides potential mechanisms underlying prodromal neuropsychiatric symptoms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Iannitelli, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelberman, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lustberg, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korukonda, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCann, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mulvey, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Segal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liles, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sloan, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weinshenker, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.27.509797</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Neurotoxin DSP-4 Dysregulates the Locus Coeruleus-Norepinephrine System and Recapitulates Molecular and Behavioral Aspects of Prodromal Neurodegenerative Disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.28.509894v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Uncovering the contributions of charge regulation to the stability of single alpha helices 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.28.509894v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The single alpha helix (SAH) is a recurring motif in biology. The consensus sequence has a di-block architecture that includes repeats of four consecutive glutamate residues followed by four consecutive lysine residues. Measurements show that the overall helicity of sequences with consensus E4K4 repeats is insensitive to a wide range of pH values. Here, we use the recently introduced q-canonical ensemble, which allows us to decouple measurements of charge state and conformation, to explain the observed insensitivity of SAH helicity to pH. We couple the outputs from separate measurements of charge and conformation with atomistic simulations to derive residue-specific quantifications of preferences for being in an alpha helix and for the ionizable residues to be charged vs. uncharged. We find a clear preference for accommodating uncharged Glu residues within internal positions of SAH-forming sequences. The stabilities of alpha helical conformations increase with the number of E4K4 repeats and so do the numbers of accessible charge states that are compatible with forming conformations of high helical content. There is conformational buffering whereby charge state heterogeneity buffers against large-scale conformational changes thus making the overall helicity insensitive to large changes in pH. Further, the results clearly argue against a single, rod-like alpha helical conformation being the only or even dominant conformation in the ensembles of so-called SAH sequences.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fossat, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Posey, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.28.509894</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Uncovering the contributions of charge regulation to the stability of single alpha helices]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.28.510014v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fluorescence lifetime enables high-resolution analysis of neuromodulator dynamics across time and animals 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.28.510014v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The dynamics of neuromodulators are essential for their functions. Optical sensors have transformed the study of neuromodulators because they capture neuromodulator dynamics with high spatial and temporal resolution. However, fluorescence intensity-based sensors are restricted to measure acute changes within one animal over a short period because intensity varies with sensor expression level and excitation light fluctuation. In contrast, fluorescence lifetime is impervious to sensor expression level or excitation light power, allowing comparison between individuals and across long periods. Here, we discover fluorescence lifetime response in multiple intensity-based neuromodulator sensors. Using the acetylcholine sensor GRABACh3.0 to investigate the power of lifetime measurement, we find that fluorescence lifetime correlates with animal behavior states accurately despite varying excitation power or changes in sensor expression level across weeks and animals. Thus, fluorescence lifetime of neuromodulator sensors enables comparison of neuromodulator dynamics at high resolution between animals and for chronic time scales.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ma, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tilden, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aggarwal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oldenborg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.28.510014</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fluorescence lifetime enables high-resolution analysis of neuromodulator dynamics across time and animals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.29.510184v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microbiota-dependent histone butyrylation in the mammalian intestine 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.29.510184v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) on histone proteins are a key source of regulation on chromatin through impacting genome organization and important cellular processes, including gene expression. These PTMs often arise from small metabolites and are thus impacted by cellular metabolism and environmental cues. One such class of metabolically regulated PTMs are histone acylations, which include histone acetylation, along with butyrylation, crotonylation, and propionylation. We asked whether histone acylations of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are regulated through the availability of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are generated by the commensal microbiota in the intestinal lumen. We identified IECs from the cecum and distal mouse intestine as sites of high levels of histone acylations, including histone butyrylation and propionylation. We identified specific sites of butyrylation and propionylation on lysine 9 and 27 on histone H3. We demonstrate that these acylations are regulated by the microbiota, whereas histone butyrylation is additionally regulated by the metabolite tributyrin. Furthermore, we identify tributyrin-regulated gene programs that correlate with histone butyrylation and demonstrate that histone butyrylation (H3K27bu) is associated with active gene regulatory elements and levels of gene expression. Together, our observations demonstrate a physiological setting in which previously uncharacterized histone acylations are dynamically regulated and associated with gene expression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gates, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reis, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lund, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leboeuf, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nadeem, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carroll, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mucida, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allis, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.29.510184</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microbiota-dependent histone butyrylation in the mammalian intestine]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.30.509852v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Maturation of SARS-CoV-2 Spike-specific memory B cells drives resilience to viral escape 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.30.509852v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Memory B cells (MBCs) generate rapid antibody responses upon secondary encounter with a pathogen. Here, we investigated the kinetics, avidity and cross-reactivity of serum antibodies and MBCs in 155 SARS-CoV-2 infected and vaccinated individuals over a 16-month timeframe. SARS-CoV-2-specific MBCs and serum antibodies reached steady-state titers with comparable kinetics in infected and vaccinated individuals. Whereas MBCs of infected individuals targeted both pre- and postfusion Spike (S), most vaccine-elicited MBCs were specific for prefusion S, consistent with the use of prefusion-stabilized S in mRNA vaccines. Furthermore, a large fraction of MBCs recognizing postfusion S cross-reacted with human betacoronaviruses. The avidity of MBC-derived and serum antibodies increased over time resulting in enhanced resilience to viral escape by SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 sub-lineages, albeit only partially for BA.4 and BA.5 sublineages. Overall, the maturation of high-affinity and broadly-reactive MBCs provides the basis for effective recall responses to future SARS-CoV-2 variants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marzi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bassi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silacci-Fregni, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartha, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muoio, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Culap, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sprugasci, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lombardo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saliba, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cameroni, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cassotta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Low, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walls, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCallum, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tortorici, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowen, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dellota, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dillen, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Czudnochowski, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pertusini, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Terrot, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lepori, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tarkowski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riva, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biggiogero, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franzetti Pellanda, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garzoni, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrari, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ceschi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giannini, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Havenar-Daughton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Telenti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arvin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Virgin, H. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sallusto, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veesler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lanzavecchia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corti, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piccoli, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.30.509852</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Maturation of SARS-CoV-2 Spike-specific memory B cells drives resilience to viral escape]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.30.510372v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Helicase Activity Promoted Through Dynamic Interactions Between a ssDNA Translocase and a Diffusing SSB Protein 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.30.510372v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Replication protein A (RPA) is a eukaryotic single stranded (ss) DNA binding (SSB) protein that is essential for all aspects of genome maintenance. RPA binds ssDNA with high affinity but can also diffuse along ssDNA. By itself, RPA is capable of transiently disrupting short regions of duplex DNA by diffusing from a ssDNA that flanks the duplex DNA. Using single molecule total internal reflection fluorescence and optical trapping combined with fluorescence approaches we show that S. cerevisiae Pif1 can use its ATP-dependent 5 to 3 translocase activity to chemo-mechanically push a single human RPA (hRPA) directionally along ssDNA at rates comparable to those of Pif1 translocation alone. We further show that using its translocation activity Pif1 can push hRPA from a ssDNA loading site into a duplex DNA causing stable disruption of at least 9 bp of duplex DNA. These results highlight the dynamic nature of hRPA enabling it to be readily reorganized even when bound tightly to ssDNA and demonstrate a new mechanism by which directional DNA unwinding can be achieved through the combined action of a ssDNA translocase that pushes an SSB protein.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mersch, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sokoloski, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galletto, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lohman, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.30.510372</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Helicase Activity Promoted Through Dynamic Interactions Between a ssDNA Translocase and a Diffusing SSB Protein]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.29.510060v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
We the Hunted 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.29.510060v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Classic depictions of human evolutionary ecology cast Homo as predator and other hominins, including Paranthropus robustus, as prey. Such hypotheses rest on a small number of fossils that exhibit evidence of carnivore predation, including the iconic SK 54 cranium from Swartkrans in South Africa. Here we demonstrate that the SK 54 cranium shares its closest affinities with H. erectus rather than P. robustus. Demonstrating that Homo was prey for leopards at Swartkrans weakens the historically significant hypothesis that Homo was better able to avoid predation because of being behaviourally and technologically advanced compared to Paranthropus. Subsequent ideas about hominin paleobiology derived from this hypothesis warrant reconsideration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Martin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leece, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herries, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strait, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.29.510060</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[We the Hunted]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.29.510210v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RefDeduR: A text-normalization and decision-tree aided R package enabling accurate and high-throughput reference deduplication for large datasets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.29.510210v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As the scientific literature grows exponentially and research becomes increasingly interdisciplinary, accurate and high-throughput reference deduplication is vital in evidence synthesis studies (e.g., systematic reviews, meta-analyses) to ensure the completeness of datasets while reducing the manual screening burden. Existing tools fail to fulfill these emerging needs, as they are often labor-intensive, insufficient in accuracy, and limited to clinical fields. Here, we present RefDeduR, a text-normalization and decision-tree aided R package that enables accurate and high-throughput reference deduplication. We modularize the pipeline into text normalization, three-step exact matching, and two-step fuzzy matching processes. We also introduce a decision-tree algorithm, consider preprints when they co-exist with a peer-reviewed version, and provide actionable recommendations. Therefore, the tool is customizable, accurate, high-throughput, and practical. RefDeduR provides an effective solution to perform reference deduplication and represents a valuable advance in expanding the open-source toolkit to support evidence synthesis research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ling, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartmann, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.29.510210</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RefDeduR: A text-normalization and decision-tree aided R package enabling accurate and high-throughput reference deduplication for large datasets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.01.510445v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Memory CD4 T cell subset organization in the female reproductive tract is regulated via the menstrual cycle through CCR5 signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.01.510445v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite their importance for immunity against sexually transmitted infections (STIs), the composition of the female reproductive tract (FRT) memory CD4 T cell population in response to changes in the local tissue environment during the menstrual cycle remains poorly defined. Here we show that across humans, non-human primates (NHP), and mice, FRT CD4 T cells comprise distinct subsets corresponding to migratory memory (TMM) and resident memory (TRM) cells. TMM display tissue-itinerant trafficking characteristics, restricted FRT tissue distribution, with distinct transcriptional properties and effector responses to infection. CD4 T cell subset fluctuations synchronized with cycle-driven proinflammatory changes within the local tissue environment and oral administration of a CCR5 antagonist inhibited cycle phase-specific migratory T cell surveillance. This study provides novel insights into the dynamic nature of FRT memory CD4 T cells and identifies the menstrual cycle as a key regulator of memory T cell defense at the site of STI exposure.

SummaryThe menstrual cycle regulates memory T cell surveillance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Swaims-Kohlmeier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wein, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hardnett, F. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheth, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.-R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radzio-Basu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dinh, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haddad, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collins, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lobby, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kost, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayward, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ofotokun, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antia, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scharer, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lowen, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Lerma, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kohlmeier, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.01.510445</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Memory CD4 T cell subset organization in the female reproductive tract is regulated via the menstrual cycle through CCR5 signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.01.510479v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Insulin receptor substrate 4 deficiency mediates the insulin effect on the epithelial magnesium channel TRPM6 and causes hypomagnesemia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.01.510479v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The kidney is the key regulator of magnesium (Mg2+) homeostasis in the human body. In the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), the apical epithelial magnesium (Mg2+) channel TRPM6, determines how much Mg2+ is excreted in the urine. To better understand the regulation of human renal Mg2+ absorption we identified novel, potential interaction partners of TRPM6 by pursuing a liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) proteomics approach.

We found insulin receptor substrate 4 (IRS4) enriched with TRPM6 tagged to glutathione S-transferase (TRPM6-GST) but not GST control. Physical interaction between IRS4 and TRPM6 was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. Applying microdissection of mouse tubules, we detected Irs4 mRNA expression mostly in the DCT and to a lower degree in the proximal tubule and thick ascending limb of Henle. Given the overall low abundance of Irs4 mRNA along the tubule we investigated the phenotype of Irs4 knockout mice (Irs4-/-). These Irs4-/- mice displayed significantly higher urinary and fecal Mg2+ losses and lower blood Mg2+ levels than wild-type (WT) mice. Claudin-16, claudin-19, and Hnf1b mRNA and Claudin-16 and Trpm6 protein expression was significantly higher in kidneys of 3 month old Irs4-/- mice consistent with a compensatory mechanism to conserve Mg2+. Applying whole-cell patch-clamp recording we confirmed the stimulatory role of insulin on TRPM6 channel activity and showed that IRS4 targets the two TRPM6 phosphorylation sites T1391 and S1583 to enhance TRPM6 current density. To test the effect of Mg2+ deficiency on metabolism, we performed glucose and insulin tolerance studies, which were mildly abnormal in Irs4-/- mice.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMagnesium (Mg2+) is the second most abundant intracellular cation but the regulation of Mg2+ homeostasis is not well understood. The kidney is the key organ for regulating Mg2+ homeostasis. Insulin is a known stimulator of the apical epithelial Mg2+channel TRPM6. We present a novel modifier of Mg2+ absorption with insulin receptor substrate 4 (IRS4) which illuminates further, how insulin activates the TRPM6 channel and modifies Mg2+ homeostasis. Applying protein biochemistry, tubular microdissection, whole mouse physiology, and patch-clamp recording, we demonstrate that IRS4 mediates the stimulatory effect of insulin by enhancing phosphorylation of two specific TRPM6 residues. Irs4-/- mice develop increased urinary and stool Mg2+ losses, lower serum Mg2+ concentration, and display mild impairment in glucose and insulin tolerance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neelam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhatta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nie, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duran, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bal, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Latta, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Otto, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kozlitina, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemoff, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoenderop, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baum, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolf, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.01.510479</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Insulin receptor substrate 4 deficiency mediates the insulin effect on the epithelial magnesium channel TRPM6 and causes hypomagnesemia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.05.510924v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genomic Analysis of Two Phlebotomine Sand Fly Vectors of Leishmania from the New and Old World 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.05.510924v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phlebotomine sand flies are of global significance as important vectors of human disease, transmitting bacterial, viral, and protozoan pathogens, including the devastating kinetoplastid parasites of the genus Leishmania, the causative agents of diseases collectively termed leishmaniasis. More than 40 pathogenic Leishmania species are transmitted to humans by approximately 35 sand fly species in 98 countries with hundreds of millions of people at risk around the world. As no approved efficacious vaccine exists, available drugs are expensive and/or toxic, and resistance is emerging, management of sand fly populations to break transmission is currently the most effective disease control strategy. To better understand the biology of sand flies, including the mechanisms involved in their vectorial capacity, insecticide resistance, and population structures we sequenced the genomes of two of the most important sand fly species: Phlebotomus papatasi, a cutaneous leishmaniasis vector, (distributed in the Middle East and North Africa) and Lutzomyia longipalpis, a visceral leishmaniasis vector (distributed across Central and South America). We categorized and curated genes involved in processes important to their roles as disease vectors, including chemosensation, blood feeding, circadian rhythm, immunity, and detoxification, as well as mobile genetic elements. We also defined gene orthology and observed micro-synteny among the genomes. Finally, we present the genetic diversity and population structure of these species in their respective geographical areas. These genomes will be a foundation on which to base future efforts to prevent vector-borne transmission of Leishmania parasites.

Author SummaryThe leishmaniases are a group of neglected tropical diseases caused by protist parasites from the Genus Leishmania. Different Leishmania species present a wide clinical profile, ranging from mild, often self-resolving cutaneous lesions that can lead to protective immunity, to severe metastatic mucosal disease, to visceral disease that is ultimately fatal. Leishmania parasites are transmitted by the bites of sand flies, and as no approved vaccine exists, available drugs are toxic and/or expensive and resistance is emerging, new dual control strategies to combat these diseases must be developed, combining interventions on human infections and integrated sand fly population management. Effective vector control requires a good understanding of the biology of sand flies. To this end, we sequenced and annotated the genomes of two sand fly species that are important leishmaniasis vectors from the Old and New Worlds. These genomes allow us to better understand, at the genetic level, processes important in the vector biology of these species, such as finding hosts, blood-feeding, immunity, and detoxification. These genomic resources highlight the driving forces of evolution of two major Leishmania vectors and provide foundations for future research on how to better prevent leishmaniasis by control of the sand fly vectors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McDowell, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Labbe, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdeladhim, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abrudan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Araki, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Araujo, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arensburger, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beniot, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brazil, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruno, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bueno da Silva Rivas, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carvalho de Abreu, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charamis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coutinho-Abreu, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>da Costa-Latge, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darby, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dillon, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emrich, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez-Medina, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figueiredo Gontijo, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flannley, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gatherer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genta, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gesing, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giraldo-Calderon, G. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomes, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguiar, E. R. G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamarsheh, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawksworth, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hendershot, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hickner, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imler, J.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ioannidis, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jennings, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamhawi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karageorgiou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kenned</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.05.510924</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genomic Analysis of Two Phlebotomine Sand Fly Vectors of Leishmania from the New and Old World]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.05.510974v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Synthetic ERRα Agonist Induces an Acute AerobicExercise Response and Enhances Exercise Capacity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.05.510974v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Repetitive physical exercise induces physiological adaptations in skeletal muscle that improves exercise performance and is effective for the prevention and treatment of several diseases. Here we report the identification of a synthetic agonist for the orphan nuclear receptor ERR (estrogen receptor-related receptor ), SLU-PP-332, that activates an acute aerobic exercise genetic program in skeletal muscle in an ERR-dependent manner. SLU-PP-332 increases mitochondrial function and cellular respiration consistent with induction of this genetic program. When administered to mice, SLU-PP-332 increased the type IIa oxidative skeletal muscle fibers and enhanced exercise endurance. These data indicate the feasibility of targeting ERR for development of compounds that act as exercise mimetics that may be effective in treatment of numerous metabolic disorders and to improve muscle function in the aging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Billon, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Situala, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welch, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hegazy, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elgendy, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, T. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kazantzis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatterjee, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chrivia, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayes, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamilton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huss, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Downes, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burris, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.05.510974</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Synthetic ERRα Agonist Induces an Acute AerobicExercise Response and Enhances Exercise Capacity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.07.511319v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines encoding spike N-terminal and receptor binding domains 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.07.511319v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
With the success of mRNA vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), strategies can now focus on improving vaccine potency, breadth, and stability. We present the design and preclinical evaluation of domain-based mRNA vaccines encoding the wild-type spike-protein receptor-binding (RBD) and/or N-terminal domains (NTD). An NTD-RBD linked candidate vaccine, mRNA-1283, showed improved antigen expression, antibody responses, and stability at refrigerated temperatures (2-8{degrees}C) compared with the clinically available mRNA-1273, which encodes the full-length spike protein. In mice administered mRNA-1283 as a primary series, booster, or variant-specific booster, similar or greater immune responses and protection from viral challenge were observed against wild-type, beta, delta, or omicron (BA. 1) compared with mRNA-1273 immunized mice, especially at lower vaccine dosages. These results support clinical assessment of mRNA-1283 (NCT05137236).

One Sentence SummaryA domain-based mRNA vaccine, mRNA-1283, is immunogenic and protective against SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants in mice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stewart-Jones, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elbashir, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renzi, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ying, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koch, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sein, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitener, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Dominguez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henry, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woods, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montes Berrueta, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avena, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quinones, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Falcone, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsiao, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheaffer, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thackray, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamond, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carfi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.07.511319</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines encoding spike N-terminal and receptor binding domains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.06.511208v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-Wide Epigenomic Profiling of Primary Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Reveals Specific and Recurrent DNA Methylation Alterations in Smoker Versus Never-Smoker Patients 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.06.511208v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Epigenetic alterations are widespread in cancer and can complement genetic alterations to influence cancer progression and treatment. To better understand the potential contribution of DNA methylation alterations to tumor phenotype in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in both smoker and never-smoker patients, we performed a comprehensive, genome-wide profiling of DNA methylation in 17 primary non-small cell lung cancer and 10 matched normal lung samples using the complementary methylation assays MeDIP-seq and MRE-seq. Compared to patient-matched non-malignant lung tissue, we report recurrent methylation changes of several gene promoters, many previously implicated in cancer, including FAM83A and SEPT9 (hypomethylation), and PCDH7, NKX2-1, and SOX17 (hypermethylation). Although smoker and never-smoker patients shared many methylation changes, several were specific and recurrent within a particular smoking status. In particular, never-smokers displayed a greater proportion of hypoDMRs and exhibited a greater number of recurrently hypomethylated promoters, including the promoter of the oncogene ASPSCR1, and others previously linked to cancer, including TOP2A, DPP9, and USP39. Methylation changes outside of promoters were also widespread and often recurrent, particularly the loss of methylation over repetitive elements, highly enriched for ERV1 subfamilies. Recurrent hypoDMRs were also enriched for several transcription factor (TF) binding motifs, often for genes involved in signaling and cell proliferation, including 71% encoding a binding site of NKX2-1, which was found to be significantly upregulated in TCGA LUAD samples. Furthermore, the overwhelming majority of DMRs identified in this study were found to reside in an active chromatin state in at least one tissue profiled using the Roadmap Epigenome data, suggesting that methylation changes may contribute to altered regulatory programs through the adaptation of cell type-specific expression programs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Karlow, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pehrsson, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devarakonda, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Govindan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.06.511208</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-Wide Epigenomic Profiling of Primary Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Reveals Specific and Recurrent DNA Methylation Alterations in Smoker Versus Never-Smoker Patients]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.07.511313v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An alternative mechanism for skeletal muscle dysfunction in long-term post-viral lung disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.07.511313v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chronic lung disease is often accompanied by disabling extrapulmonary symptoms, notably skeletal muscle dysfunction and atrophy. Moreover, the severity of respiratory symptoms correlates with decreased muscle mass and in turn lowered physical activity and survival rates. Previous models of muscle atrophy in chronic lung disease often modeled COPD and relied on cigarette smoke exposure and LPS-stimulation, but these conditions independently affect skeletal muscle even without accompanying lung disease. Moreover, there is an emerging and pressing need to understand the extrapulmonary manifestations of long-term post-viral lung disease (PVLD) as found in Covid-19. Here, we examine the development of skeletal muscle dysfunction in the setting of chronic pulmonary disease using a mouse model of PVLD caused by infection due to the natural pathogen Sendai virus. We identify a significant decrease in myofiber size when PVLD is maximal at 49 d after infection. We find no change in the relative types of myofibers, but the greatest decrease in fiber size is localized to fast-twitch type IIB myofibers based on myosin heavy chain immunostaining. Remarkably, all biomarkers of myocyte protein synthesis and degradation (total RNA, ribosomal abundance, and ubiquitin-proteasome expression) were stable throughout the acute infectious illness and chronic post-viral disease process. Together, the results demonstrate a distinct pattern of skeletal muscle dysfunction in a mouse model of long-term PVLD. The findings thereby provide new insight into prolonged limitations in exercise capacity in patients with chronic lung disease after viral infections and perhaps other types of lung injury.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Martin, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keeler, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shearon, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffmann, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughes, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holtzman, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.07.511313</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An alternative mechanism for skeletal muscle dysfunction in long-term post-viral lung disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.11.511749v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinct roles for canonical and variant histone H3 lysine 36 in Polycomb silencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.11.511749v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Polycomb complexes regulate cell-type specific gene expression programs through heritable silencing of target genes. Trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) is essential for this process. Perturbation of H3K36 is thought to interfere with H3K27me3. We show that mutants of Drosophila replication-dependent (H3.2K36R) or -independent (H3.3K36R) histone H3 genes generally maintain Polycomb silencing and reach later stages of development. In contrast, combined (H3.3K36RH3.2K36R) mutants display widespread Hox gene misexpression and fail to develop past the first larval stage. Chromatin profiling revealed that the H3.2K36R mutation disrupts H3K27me3 levels broadly throughout silenced domains, whereas these regions are mostly unaffected in H3.3K36R animals. Analysis of H3.3 distributions showed that this histone is enriched at presumptive PREs (Polycomb Response Elements) located outside of silenced domains but relatively depleted from those inside. We conclude that H3.2 and H3.3 K36 residues collaborate to repress Hox genes using different mechanisms.

Short summaryHistone H3.2 and H3.3 K36 residues ensure Hox gene silencing and enable development by different, but synergistic mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Salzler, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vandadi, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMichael, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boerma, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leatham-Jensen, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meers, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simon, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duronio, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKay, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matera, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.11.511749</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinct roles for canonical and variant histone H3 lysine 36 in Polycomb silencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.11.511653v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Data Descriptor: Human whole exome genotype data for Alzheimer's Disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.11.511653v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bigger sample size can help to identify new genetic variants contributing to an increased risk of developing Alzheimers disease. However, the heterogeneity of the whole-exome sequencing (WES) data generation methods presents a challenge to a joint analysis. Here we present a bioinformatics strategy for joint calling 20,504 WES samples collected across nine studies and sequenced using ten different capture kits in fourteen sequencing centers in the Alzheimers Disease Sequencing Project. gVCFs of samples were joint-called by the Genome Center for Alzheimers Disease into a single VCF, containing only positions within the union of capture kits. The VCF was then processed using specific strategies to account for the batch effects arising from the use of different capture kits from different studies.

We identified 8.2 million autosomal variants. 96.82% of the variants are high-quality, and are located in 28,579 Ensembl transcripts. 41% of the variants are intronic and 15% are missense variants. 1.8% of the variants are with CADD>30.

Our new strategy for processing these diversely generated WES samples has shown to generate high-quality data. The improved ability to combine data sequenced in different batches benefits the whole genomics research community. The WES data are accessible to the scientific community via https://dss.niagads.org/.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Leung, Y. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naj, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chou, Y.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valladares, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wheeler, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gangadharan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cantwell, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicaretta, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seshadri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brkanac, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cruchaga, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pericak-Vance, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayeux, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuzma, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, W.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bush, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeStefano, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schellenberg, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.11.511653</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Data Descriptor: Human whole exome genotype data for Alzheimer's Disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.11.511837v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Polyphasic circadian neural circuits drive differential activities in multiple downstream rhythmic centers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.11.511837v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Circadian clocks align various behaviors such as locomotor activity, sleep/wake, feeding, and mating to times of day that are most adaptive. How rhythmic information in pacemaker circuits is translated to neuronal outputs is not well understood. Here we used brain-wide, 24-hr in vivo calcium imaging in the Drosophila brain and searched for circadian rhythmic activity among identified clusters of dopaminergic (DA) and peptidergic neuroendocrine (PNE) neurons. Such rhythms were widespread and imposed by the PERIOD-dependent clock activity within the [~]150 cell circadian pacemaker network. The rhythms displayed either a Morning, an Evening, or Mid-Day phase. Different sub-groups of circadian pacemakers imposed neural activity rhythms onto different downstream non-clock neurons. Outputs from the canonical M and E pacemakers converged to regulate DA-PPM3 and DA-PAL neurons. E pacemakers regulate the Evening-active DA-PPL1 neurons. In addition to these canonical M and E oscillators, we present evidence for a third dedicated phase occurring at Mid-Day (MD): the l-LNv pacemakers present the MD activity peak and they regulate the MD-active DA-PPM1/2 neurons and three distinct PNE cell types. Thus, the Drosophila circadian pacemaker network is a polyphasic rhythm generator. It presents dedicated M, E and MD phases that are functionally transduced as neuronal outputs to organize diverse daily activity patterns in downstream circuits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holy, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taghert, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.11.511837</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Polyphasic circadian neural circuits drive differential activities in multiple downstream rhythmic centers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.13.512111v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Smaller total and subregional cerebellar volumes in posttraumatic stress disorder: a mega-analysis by the ENIGMA-PGC PTSD workgroup 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.13.512111v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe cerebellum critically contributes to higher-order cognitive and emotional functions such fear learning and memory. Prior research on cerebellar volume in PTSD is scant and has neglected neuroanatomical subdivisions of the cerebellum that differentially map on to motor, cognitive, and affective functions.

MethodsWe quantified cerebellar lobule volumes using structural magnetic resonance imaging in 4,215 adults (PTSD n= 1640; Control n=2575) across 40 sites from the from the ENIGMA-PGC PTSD working group. Using a new state-of-the-art deep-learning based approach for automatic cerebellar parcellation, we obtained volumetric estimates for the total cerebellum and 28 subregions. Linear mixed effects models controlling for age, gender, intracranial volume, and site were used to compare cerebellum total and subregional volume in PTSD compared to healthy controls. The Benjamini-Hochberg procedure was used to control the false discovery rate (p-FDR < .05).

ResultsPTSD was associated with significant grey and white matter reductions of the cerebellum. Compared to controls, people with PTSD demonstrated smaller total cerebellum volume. In addition, people with PTSD showed reduced volume in subregions primarily within the posterior lobe (lobule VIIB, crus II), but also the vermis (VI, VIII), flocculonodular lobe (lobule X), and cerebellar white matter (all p-FDR < 0.05). Effects of PTSD on volume were consistent, and generally more robust, when examining symptom severity rather than diagnostic status.

ConclusionsThese findings implicate regionally specific cerebellar volumetric differences in the pathophysiology of PTSD. The cerebellum appears to play an important role in high-order cognitive and emotional processes, far beyond its historical association with vestibulomotor function. Further examination of the cerebellum in trauma-related psychopathology will help to clarify how cerebellar structure and function may disrupt cognitive and affective processes at the center of translational models for PTSD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huggins, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baird, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Briggs, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laskowitz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fouda, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haswell, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salminen, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahanshad, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomopoulos, S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veltman, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frijling, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olff, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Zuiden, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koch, S. B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nawijn, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ipser, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seedat, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>du Plessis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van den Heuvel, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suarez-Jimenez, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zilcha-Mano, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazarov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neria, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevens, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ressler, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jovanovic, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Rooij, S. J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fani, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hudson, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sierk, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manthey, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walter, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniels, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmahl, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herz</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.13.512111</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Smaller total and subregional cerebellar volumes in posttraumatic stress disorder: a mega-analysis by the ENIGMA-PGC PTSD workgroup]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.13.512166v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Declining autozygosity over time: an exploration in over 1 million individuals from three diverse cohorts 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.13.512166v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We hypothesized that overall autozygosity is decreasing over generational time. In this report, we present data that partially support this hypothesis from three large cohorts of diverse ancestries, two from the US (All of Us and the Million Veteran Program, N=82,474 and 622,497, respectively) and one from the UK (UK Biobank, N=380,899). Our results from a mixed-effect meta-analysis demonstrate an overall trend of decreasing autozygosity over generational time (meta-analyzed slope=-0.029, se=0.009, p=6.03e-4). Using a chi-square difference test, we determined that a model including an ancestry-by-country interaction term fit the data best, indicating that ancestry differences in this trend differ by country. We found further evidence to suggest a difference between the US and UK cohorts by meta-analyzing within country, observing a significant negative estimate in the US cohorts (meta-analyzed slope=-0.058, se=0.015, p=1.50e-4) but a non-significant estimate in the UK (meta-analyzed slope=-0.001, se=0.008, p=0.945). We also found that the association between autozygosity and year of birth in the overall meta-analysis was substantially attenuated when accounting for educational attainment and income (meta-analyzed slope=-0.011, se=0.008, p=0.167), suggesting that increases in education and income may partially account for decreasing levels of autozygosity over time. To our knowledge, this is the largest demonstration of decreasing autozygosity over time in a modern sample (birth years 1904-2003), and we speculate that this trend can be attributed to increases in population size, urbanization and panmixia, with differences in demographic and sociocultural processes leading to country-specific differences in the rate of decline.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Colbert, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wendt, F. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pathak, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helmer, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hauser, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polimanti, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.13.512166</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Declining autozygosity over time: an exploration in over 1 million individuals from three diverse cohorts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.17.512591v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MYT1L is required for suppressing earlier neuronal development programs in the adult mouse brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.17.512591v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In vitro studies indicate the neurodevelopmental disorder gene Myelin Transcription Factor 1 Like (MYT1L) suppresses non-neuronal lineage genes during fibroblast-to-neuron direct differentiation. However, MYT1Ls molecular and cellular functions during differentiation in the mammalian brain have not been fully characterized. Here, we found that MYT1L loss leads to up-regulated deep layer (DL) but down-regulated upper layer (UL) neuron gene expression, corresponding to an increased ratio of DL/UL neurons in mouse cortex. To define potential mechanisms, we conducted Cleavage Under Targets & Release Using Nuclease (CUT&RUN) to map MYT1L binding targets in mouse developing cortex and adult prefrontal cortex (PFC), and to map epigenetic changes due to MYT1L mutation. We found MYT1L mainly binds to open chromatin, but with different transcription factor co-occupancies between promoters and enhancers. Likewise, multi-omic dataset integration revealed that, at promoters, MYT1L loss does not change chromatin accessibility but does increase H3K4me3 and H3K27ac, activating both a subset of earlier neuronal development genes as well as Bcl11b, a key regulator for DL neuron development. Meanwhile, we discovered that MYT1L normally represses the activity of neurogenic enhancers associated with neuronal migration and neuronal projection development by closing chromatin structures and promoting removal of active histone marks. Further, we show MYT1L interacts with SIN3B and HDAC2 in vivo, providing potential mechanisms underlying any repressive effects on histone acetylation and gene expression. Overall, our findings provide a comprehensive map of MYT1L binding in vivo and mechanistic insights to how MYT1L facilitates neuronal maturation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuhler, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noguchi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.17.512591</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MYT1L is required for suppressing earlier neuronal development programs in the adult mouse brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.17.512593v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RNAs undergo phase transitions with lower critical solution temperatures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.17.512593v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Co-phase separation of RNAs and RNA-binding proteins is thought to drive the biogenesis of ribonucleoprotein granules. RNAs can also undergo phase transitions in the absence of proteins. However, the physicochemical driving forces of protein-free, RNA-driven phase transitions remain unclear. Here, we report that RNAs of various types undergo phase transitions with system-specific lower critical solution temperatures (LCSTs). This entropically-driven phase behavior requires Mg2+ ions and is an intrinsic feature of the phosphate backbone that is modulated by RNA bases. RNA-only condensates can additionally undergo enthalpically favorable percolation transitions within dense phases. This is enabled by a combination of Mg2+-dependent bridging interactions among phosphate groups and RNA base-stacking / base-pairing. Phase separation coupled to percolation can cause dynamical arrest of RNAs within condensates and can suppress the catalytic activity of an RNase P ribozyme. Our work highlights the need to incorporate RNA-driven phase transitions into models for RNP granule biogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wadsworth, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zahurancik, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pullara, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sidharthan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gopalan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.17.512593</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RNAs undergo phase transitions with lower critical solution temperatures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.19.512860v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Two forms of asynchronous release with distinctive spatiotemporal dynamics in central synapses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.19.512860v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Asynchronous release is a ubiquitous form of neurotransmitter release that persists for tens to hundreds of milliseconds after an action potential (AP). How asynchronous release is organized and regulated at the synaptic active zone (AZ) remains debatable. Using nanoscale-precision imaging of individual release events in rat hippocampal synapses, we observed two spatially distinct subpopulations of asynchronous events, ~75% of which occurred inside the AZ and with a bias towards the AZ center, while ~25% occurred outside of the functionally defined AZ, i.e., ectopically. The two subpopulations also differed markedly in temporal properties, with ectopic events occurring at significantly longer time intervals from synchronous events. Both forms of asynchronous release did not, to a large extent, utilize the same release sites as synchronous events. Both asynchronous event subpopulations also differ from synchronous events in some aspects of exo-endocytosis coupling. Specifically, for synchronous but not asynchronous events, coupling with the fast calcium-dependent endocytosis had a gradient decreasing from the AZ center towards its periphery. These results identify two distinct subpopulations of asynchronous release events with distinctive spatiotemporal organization and coupling to endocytic mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Malagon, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myeong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klyachko, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.19.512860</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Two forms of asynchronous release with distinctive spatiotemporal dynamics in central synapses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.17.512579v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeting the Immune-Fibrosis Axis in Myocardial Infarction and Heart Failure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.17.512579v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cardiac fibrosis is causally linked to heart failure pathogenesis and adverse clinical outcomes. However, the precise fibroblast populations that drive fibrosis in the human heart and the mechanisms that govern their emergence remain incompletely defined. Here, we performed Cellular Indexing of Transcriptomes and Epitomes by sequencing (CITE-seq) in 22 explanted human hearts from healthy donors, acute myocardial infarction (MI), and chronic ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy patients. We identified a fibroblast trajectory marked by fibroblast activator protein (FAP) and periostin (POSTN) expression that was independent of myofibroblasts, peaked early after MI, remained elevated in chronic heart failure, and displayed a transcriptional signature consistent with fibrotic activity. We assessed the applicability of cardiac fibrosis models and demonstrated that mouse MI, angiotensin II/phenylephrine infusion, and pressure overload models were superior compared to cultured human heart and dermal fibroblasts in recapitulating cardiac fibroblast diversity including pathogenic cell states. Ligand-receptor analysis and spatial transcriptomics predicted interactions between macrophages, T cells, and fibroblasts within spatially defined niches. CCR2+ monocyte and macrophage states were the dominant source of ligands targeting fibroblasts. Inhibition of IL-1{beta} signaling to cardiac fibroblasts was sufficient to suppress fibrosis, emergence, and maturation of FAP+POSTN+ fibroblasts. Herein, we identify a human fibroblast trajectory marked by FAP and POSTN expression that is associated with cardiac fibrosis and identify macrophage-fibroblast crosstalk mediated by IL-1{beta} signaling as a key regulator of pathologic fibroblast differentiation and fibrosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Amrute, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penna, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bredemeyer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamawaki, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heo, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koenig, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kadyrov, F. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuppe, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kopecky, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayat, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Terada, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furtado, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kreisel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stitziel, N. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.-M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kramann, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ason, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavine, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.17.512579</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeting the Immune-Fibrosis Axis in Myocardial Infarction and Heart Failure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.19.512785v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic mapping reveals Pou2af2-dependent tuning of tuft cell differentiation and intestinal type 2 immunity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.19.512785v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chemosensory epithelial tuft cells contribute to innate immunity at barrier surfaces, but their differentiation from epithelial progenitors is not well understood. Here we exploited differences between inbred mouse strains to identify an epithelium-intrinsic mechanism that regulates tuft cell differentiation and tunes innate type 2 immunity in the small intestine. Balb/cJ (Balb) mice had fewer intestinal tuft cells than C57BL/6J (B6) mice and failed to respond to the tuft cell ligand succinate. A majority of this differential succinate response was determined by a single genetic locus from 50-67Mb on chromosome 9 (Chr9). Congenic Balb mice carrying the B6 Chr9 locus had elevated baseline numbers of tuft cells and responded to succinate. The Chr9 locus includes Pou2af2, a transcriptional cofactor essential for tuft cell development. Epithelial crypts expressed a previously unannotated short isoform of Pou2af2 that uses a novel transcriptional start site and encodes a non-functional protein. Low tuft cell numbers and the resulting lack of succinate response in Balb mice was explained by a preferential expression of the short isoform. Physiologically, differential Pou2af2 isoform usage tuned innate type 2 immunity in the small intestine. Balb mice maintained responsiveness to helminth pathogens while ignoring commensal Tritrichomonas protists and reducing norovirus burdens.

One Sentence SummaryGenetic mapping identifies Pou2af2 isoform usage as a novel regulator of tuft cell differentiation that tunes intestinal innate type 2 immunity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nadjsombati, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niepoth, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Webeck, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baldridge, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bendesky, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von Moltke, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.19.512785</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic mapping reveals Pou2af2-dependent tuning of tuft cell differentiation and intestinal type 2 immunity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.20.513082v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Striatal dopamine synthesis and cognitive flexibility differ between hormonal contraceptive users and non-users 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.20.513082v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In rodents and nonhuman primates, sex hormones are powerful modulators of dopamine neurotransmission. Yet little is known about hormonal regulation of the dopamine system in the human brain. Using Positron Emission Tomography (PET), we address this gap by comparing hormonal contraceptive users and non-users across multiple aspects of dopamine function: dopamine synthesis capacity via the PET radioligand 6-[18F]fluoro-m-tyrosine ([18F]FMT), baseline D2/3 receptor binding potential using [11C]raclopride, and dopamine release using methylphenidate-paired [11C]raclopride. Participants consisted of 36 healthy women (n=21 naturally cycling; n=15 hormonal contraceptive users), and men (n=20) as a comparison group. A behavioral index of cognitive flexibility was assessed prior to PET imaging. Hormonal contraceptive users exhibited greater dopamine synthesis capacity than naturally cycling participants, particularly in dorsal caudate, and greater cognitive flexibility. Further, across individuals the magnitude of striatal DA synthesis capacity was associated with cognitive flexibility. No group differences were observed in D2/3 receptor binding or dopamine release. Analyses by sex alone may obscure underlying differences in DA synthesis tied to womens hormone status. Hormonal contraception (in the form of pill, shot, implant, ring or IUD) is used by ~400 million women worldwide, yet few studies have examined whether chronic hormonal manipulations impact basic properties of the dopamine system. Findings from this study begin to address this critical gap in womens health.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Taylor, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berry, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jagust, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Esposito, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobs, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.20.513082</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Striatal dopamine synthesis and cognitive flexibility differ between hormonal contraceptive users and non-users]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.21.513197v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular Basis for Interferon-mediated Pathogen Restriction in Human Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.21.513197v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To define novel mechanisms for cellular immunity to the intracellular pathogen Toxoplasma gondii, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR loss-of-function screen to provide an unbiased assessment of genes important for IFN-{gamma}-dependent growth restriction. We revealed a previously unknown role for the tumor suppressor NF2/Merlin for maximum induction of Interferon Stimulated Genes (ISG), which are positively regulated by the transcription factor IRF-1. We then performed an additional focused ISG-targeted CRISPR screen that identified the host E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF213 as essential for IFN-{gamma} mediated control of T. gondii. RNF213 mediated ubiquitination of targets on the parasite-containing vacuole and growth restriction in response to IFN-{gamma} in a variety of cell types, thus identifying a conserved factor that plays a prominent role in human cells. Surprisingly, growth inhibition did not require the autophagy protein ATG5, indicating that RNF213 initiates restriction independent of a non-canonical autophagy pathway that has previously been implicated in control of T. gondii. RNF213 was also important for control of unrelated intracellular pathogens in human cells treated with IFN, as shown here for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Vesicular Stomatitis Virus. Collectively, our findings establish RNF213 as a critical component of cell-autonomous immunity to a broad spectrum of intracellular pathogens in human cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Matta, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kohio, H. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandra, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doench, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>A. Philips, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sibley, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.21.513197</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular Basis for Interferon-mediated Pathogen Restriction in Human Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.21.513146v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular early burst associated with the diversification of birds at the K-Pg boundary 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.21.513146v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Complex patterns of genome and life-history evolution associated with the end-Cretaceous (K- Pg) mass extinction event limit our understanding of the early evolutionary history of crown group birds [1-9]. Here, we assess molecular heterogeneity across living birds using a technique enabling inferred sequence substitution models to transition across the history of a clade [10]. Our approach identifies distinct and contrasting regimes of molecular evolution across exons, introns, untranslated regions, and mitochondrial genomes. Up to fifteen shifts in the mode of avian molecular evolution map to rapidly diversifying clades near the Cretaceous-Palaeogene boundary, demonstrating a burst of genomic disparity early in the evolutionary history of crown birds [11-13]. Using simulation and machine learning techniques, we show that shifts in developmental mode [14] or adult body mass [4] best explain transitions in the mode of nucleotide substitution. These patterns are related, in turn, to macroevolutionary shifts in the allometric scaling relationship between basal metabolic rate and body mass [15, 16]. In agreement with theoretical predictions, this scaling relationship appears to have weakened across the end-Cretaceous transition. Overall, our study provides evidence that the Chicxulub bolide impact [17] triggered integrated patterns of evolution across avian genomes, physiology, and life history that structured the evolutionary potential of modern birds.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Berv, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singhal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Field, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker-Hale, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McHugh, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shipley, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kimball, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braun, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dornburg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parins-Fukuchi, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prum, R. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.21.513146</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular early burst associated with the diversification of birds at the K-Pg boundary]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.21.513250v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Loss of altruism in the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum is associated with the G protein-coupled receptor, grlG 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.21.513250v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aggregative multicellularity relies on cooperation among individual cells to form a multicellular body. In Dictyostelium discoideum this cooperation is maintained by high relatedness. Previous work showed that experimental evolution under low-relatedness resulted in an increase of cheaters (cells that contribute proportionally more to spores than to the sterile stalk) and that many clones completely lost cooperation and the ability to form fruiting bodies. Here, we investigate the genomic changes underlying the evolution of the cheating phenotype using whole-genome sequencing and variant analysis of these previously evolved D. discoideum lines. We identified 38 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 29 genes, none of which have been previously implicated in cheating. Each gene has one variant except for the G protein-coupled receptor grlG, which has at least one variant in over half of the lines. Upon identifying the parallel evolution of grlG, we screened additional clones to investigate the correlation between variants in the gene and the loss of cooperation (identified by the inability to form a fruiting body). We found that variants in the 5 half of grlG that impact the signal peptide or extracellular binding domain are significantly associated with the loss of cooperation (non-fruiting); the association was not significant in the 3 half of the gene. This suggests that the loss of grlG was adaptive under low-relatedness and that the 5 half of the gene in particular is important for cooperation and multicellular development. This confirms the importance of high relatedness in the evolution of altruism in the social amoeba D. discoideum.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Walker, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sherpa, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivaturi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brock, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strassmann, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Queller, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.21.513250</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Loss of altruism in the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum is associated with the G protein-coupled receptor, grlG]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.21.513237v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Computationally restoring the potency of a clinical antibody against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.21.513237v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the promise of monoclonal antibody-based prophylactic and therapeutic drugs1-3, but also revealed how quickly viral escape can curtail effective options4, 5. With the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in late 2021, many clinically used antibody drug products lost potency, including EvusheldTM and its constituent, cilgavimab4, 6. Cilgavimab, like its progenitor COV2-2130, is a class 3 antibody that is compatible with other antibodies in combination4 and is challenging to replace with existing approaches. Rapidly modifying such high-value antibodies with a known clinical profile to restore efficacy against emerging variants is a compelling mitigation strategy. We sought to redesign COV2-2130 to rescue in vivo efficacy against Omicron BA.1 and BA.1.1 strains while maintaining efficacy against the contemporaneously dominant Delta variant. Here we show that our computationally redesigned antibody, 2130-1-0114-112, achieves this objective, simultaneously increases neutralization potency against Delta and many variants of concern that subsequently emerged, and provides protection in vivo against the strains tested, WA1/2020, BA.1.1, and BA.5. Deep mutational scanning of tens of thousands pseudovirus variants reveals 2130-1-0114-112 improves broad potency without incurring additional escape liabilities. Our results suggest that computational approaches can optimize an antibody to target multiple escape variants, while simultaneously enriching potency. Because our approach is computationally driven, not requiring experimental iterations or pre-existing binding data, it could enable rapid response strategies to address escape variants or pre-emptively mitigate escape vulnerabilities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Desautels, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arrildt, K. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zemla, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, E. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ricci, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cronin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zost, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Binshtein, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheaffer, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engdahl, T. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goforth, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vashchenko, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weilhammer, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lo, J. K.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubinfeld, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saada, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weisenberger, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, T.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitener, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Case, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ladd, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haluska, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grzesiak, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bates, T. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petersen, B. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thackray, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Segelke, B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lillo, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sundaram, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamond, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crowe, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carnahan, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faissol, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.21.513237</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Computationally restoring the potency of a clinical antibody against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.22.513348v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A fast yet force-effective mode of collective cell migration on aligned fibers due to rapid stabilization of contractile forces 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.22.513348v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell collectives, like other motile entities, generate and use forces to move forward. Here, we ask whether environmental configurations alter this proportional force-speed relationship, since aligned extracellular matrix fibers are known to cause directed migration. We show that aligned fibers serve as active conduits for spatial propagation of cellular mechanotransduction through matrix exoskeleton, leading to efficient directed collective cell migration. Epithelial (MCF10A) cell clusters adhered to soft substrates with aligned collagen fibers (AF) migrate faster with much lesser traction forces, compared to random fibers (RF). Fiber alignment causes higher motility waves and transmission of normal stresses deeper into cell monolayer while minimizing shear stresses and increased cell-division based fluidization. By contrast, fiber randomization induces cellular jamming due to breakage in motility waves, disrupted transmission of normal stresses, and heightened shear driven flow. Using a novel motor-clutch model, we explain that such  force-effective fast migration phenotype occurs due to rapid stabilization of contractile forces at the migrating front, enabled by higher frictional forces arising from simultaneous compressive loading of parallel fiber-substrate connections. We also model haptotaxis to show that increasing ligand connectivity (but not continuity) increases migration efficiency. According to our model, increased rate of front stabilization via higher resistance to substrate deformation is sufficient to capture  durotaxis. Thus, our findings reveal a new paradigm wherein the rate of leading-edge stabilization determines the efficiency of supracellular collective cell migration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bagchi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarker, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foston, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pathak, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.22.513348</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A fast yet force-effective mode of collective cell migration on aligned fibers due to rapid stabilization of contractile forces]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.23.512790v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiomic single-cell lineage tracing to dissect fate-specific gene regulatory programs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.23.512790v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Complex gene regulatory mechanisms underlie differentiation and reprogramming. Contemporary single-cell lineage tracing (scLT) methods use expressed, heritable DNA barcodes to combine cell lineage readout with single-cell transcriptomics enabling high-resolution analysis of cell states while preserving lineage relationships. However, reliance on transcriptional profiling limits their adaptation to an ever-expanding tool kit of multiomic single-cell assays. With CellTag-multi, we present a novel approach for independently profiling lineage barcodes with single-cell chromatin accessibility without relying on co-assay of transcriptional state, paving the way for truly multiomic lineage tracing. We validate CellTag-multi in mouse hematopoiesis, characterizing transcriptional and epigenomic lineage priming across progenitor cell populations. In direct reprogramming of fibroblasts to endoderm progenitors, we use CellTag-multi to comprehensively link early cell state with reprogramming outcomes, identifying core regulatory programs underlying on-target and off-target reprogramming. Further, we reveal the Transcription Factor (TF) Zfp281 as a novel regulator of reprogramming outcome, biasing cells towards an off-target mesenchymal fate via its regulation of TGF-{beta} signaling. Together, these results establish CellTag-multi as a novel lineage tracing method compatible with multiple single-cell modalities and demonstrate its utility in revealing fate-specifying gene regulatory changes across diverse paradigms of differentiation and reprogramming.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jindal, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adil, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamaguchi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamimoto, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivera-Gonzalez, G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.23.512790</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiomic single-cell lineage tracing to dissect fate-specific gene regulatory programs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.23.513439v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epigenetic Priming Enhances Chondrogenic Potential of Expanded Chondrocytes for Cartilage Repair 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.23.513439v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Expansion of chondrocytes presents a major obstacle in the cartilage regeneration procedure matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI). Dedifferentiation of chondrocytes during the expansion process leads to the emergence of a fibrotic (chondrofibrotic) phenotype that decreases the chondrogenic potential of the implanted cells. We aim to 1) determine the extent that chromatin architecture of H3K27me3 and H3K9me3 remodels during dedifferentiation and persists when expanded chondrocytes are transferred to a 3D culture; and 2) to prevent this persistent remodeling to enhance the chondrogenic potential of expanded chondrocytes. Chromatin architecture remodeling of H3K27me3 and H3K9me3 was observed at 0, 8 and 16 population doublings in a two-dimensional (2D) culture and after encapsulation of the expanded chondrocytes in a three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel culture. Chondrocytes were treated with inhibitors of epigenetic modifiers (epigenetic priming) for 16 population doublings and then encapsulated in 3D hydrogels. Chromatin architecture of chondrocytes and gene expression were evaluated before and after encapsulation. We observed a change in chromatin architecture of epigenetic modifications H3K27me3 and H3K9me3 during chondrocyte dedifferentiation. Although inhibiting enzymes that modify H3K27me3 and H3K9me3 did not alter the dedifferentiation process in 2D culture, applying these treatments during the 2D expansion did increase the expression of select chondrogenic genes and protein deposition of type II collagen when transferred to a 3D environment. Overall, we found that epigenetic priming of expanded chondrocytes alters the cell fate when chondrocytes are later encapsulated into a 3D environment, providing a potential method to enhance the success of cartilage regeneration procedures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scott, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallagher, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneider, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurse, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neu, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.23.513439</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epigenetic Priming Enhances Chondrogenic Potential of Expanded Chondrocytes for Cartilage Repair]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.24.513571v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extraction Optimization, Characterization, and Antioxidant Capacity of Phenolics from Cowpeas (Vigna Unguiculata) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.24.513571v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ethanol-water extraction of phenolics from cowpeas was modeled and optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The ethanol concentration and extraction temperature were shown to have a significant effect on phenolic extraction and antioxidant capacity. Modeling predicted that extraction of phenolics from cowpea flour for 42.8 minutes at 58.6{degrees}C with 58.4% ethanol would maximize the radical scavenging capacity of solutes. Extraction of phenolics under these optimized conditions yielded 11.05 {+/-} 0.10 mg chlorogenic acid equivalents (CAE)/g cowpea flour. These extracts contained 10.41 % {+/-} 0.11% phenolics by weight and had an antioxidant capacity of 0.45 {+/-} 0.02, closely approximating the predicted phenolic content of 10.11% {+/-} 0.44% and antioxidant capacity of 0.42 {+/-} 0.04. Extracted material was characterized by HPLC, and the predominant phenolic compounds detected were epicatechin and ferulic acid. Cowpeas low cost, ease of storage, and high antioxidant capacity reflect their potential for use as a naturally-derived antioxidant additive in foods.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Webber, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horax, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hettiarachchy, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.24.513571</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extraction Optimization, Characterization, and Antioxidant Capacity of Phenolics from Cowpeas (Vigna Unguiculata)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.25.513089v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-Mode Fiber-Based Speckle Contrast Optical Spectroscopy: Analysis of Speckle Statistics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.25.513089v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Speckle contrast optical spectroscopy/tomography (SCOS/T) provides a real-time, non-invasive, and cost-efficient optical imaging approach to mapping of cerebral blood flow. By measuring many speckles (n>>10), SCOS/T has increased signal-to-noise ratio relative to diffuse correlation spectroscopy, which measures one or a few speckles. However, the current free-space SCOS/T designs are not ideal for large field-of-view imaging in humans because the curved head contour cannot be readily imaged with a single flat sensor and hair obstructs optical access. Herein we evaluate the feasibility of using cost-efficient multi-mode fiber (MMF) bundles for use in SCOS/T systems. One challenge with speckle contrast measurements is the potential for confounding noise sources (e.g., shot noise, readout noise) to contribute to the standard deviation measure and corrupt the speckle contrast measure that is central to the SCOS/T systems. However, for true speckle measurements, the histogram of pixel intensities from light interference follows a non-Gaussian distribution, specifically a gamma distribution with non-zero skew, whereas most noise sources have pixel intensity distributions that are Gaussian. By evaluating speckle data from static and dynamic targets imaged through MMF, we use histograms and statistical analysis of pixel histograms to evaluate whether the statistical properties of the speckles are retained. We show that flow-based speckle can be distinguished from static speckle and from sources of system noise through measures of skew in the pixel intensity histograms. Finally, we illustrate in humans that MMF bundles relay blood flow information. (C) 2022 Optica Publishing Group
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-H. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orukari, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tracy, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frisk, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verma, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chetia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durduran, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trobaugh, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Culver, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.25.513089</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-Mode Fiber-Based Speckle Contrast Optical Spectroscopy: Analysis of Speckle Statistics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.25.513783v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gradual cerebral hypoperfusion in a knock-in mouse model of Alzheimer's disease triggers cortical network dysfunctions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.25.513783v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alzheimers disease (AD) is characterized neuropathologically by amyloid-{beta} (A{beta}) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Vascular pathology caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (HP) is hypothesised to exacerbate AD pathology and has emerged as an increasing cause of age-related cognitive impairment. In this study we examined the effects of gradual cerebral HP on cognitive dysfunction, A{beta} pathology, microgliosis, and cortical network dynamics in C57BL/6J mice and a single App knock-in mouse model of AD (AppNL-G-F). We performed unilateral common carotid artery gradual occlusion (UCAgO) in two-month-old mice using an ameroid constrictor. At 4 months of age, animals were tested in a behavioral battery consisting of tests of spatial learning and memory (Morris water task), recognition memory (novel object recognition task), and motor coordination (balance beam). Following behavioural testing, in vivo mesoscale wide-field voltage imaging was done to assess cortical functional connectivity and sensory-evoked cortical activity, and brains were harvested for pathology characterization using immunohistochemistry. We found that UCAgO reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the occluded hemisphere (OH), however, subtle behavioural deficits were observed due to HP. A dissociative effect of HP was observed in resting-state functional connectivity analysis, where HP led to hyper-connectivity in C57 mice and hypo-connectivity in App mice. Interestingly, sensory stimulation of limbs contralateral to OH revealed hyper-cortical activations in the non-occluded hemisphere of C57 HP mice, however, hypo-cortical activations were observed in App HP mice. Furthermore, we found that the UCAgO increased cortical and hippocampal microgliosis in both hemispheres of C57 and App mice, a bilateral increase in A{beta} deposition was only observed in App mice. These results suggest that gradual cerebral HP leads to cortical network alterations in AD, which is partly mediated via activation of microglia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Singh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lacoursiere, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehla, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nazari, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sutherland, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohajerani, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.25.513783</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gradual cerebral hypoperfusion in a knock-in mouse model of Alzheimer's disease triggers cortical network dysfunctions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.26.512745v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A pan-cancer PDX histology image repository with genomic and pathological annotations for deep learning analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.26.512745v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) model human intra-tumoral heterogeneity in the context of the intact tissue of immunocompromised mice. Histological imaging via hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining is performed on PDX samples for routine assessment and, in principle, captures the complex interplay between tumor and stromal cells. Deep learning (DL)-based analysis of large human H&E image repositories has extracted inter-cellular and morphological signals correlated with disease phenotype and therapeutic response. Here, we present an extensive, pan-cancer repository of nearly 1,000 PDX and paired human progenitor H&E images. These images, curated from the PDXNet consortium, are associated with genomic and transcriptomic data, clinical metadata, pathological assessment of cell composition, and, in several cases, detailed pathological annotation of tumor, stroma, and necrotic regions. We demonstrate that DL can be applied to these images to classify tumor regions and to predict xenograft-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder, the unintended outgrowth of human lymphocytes at the transplantation site. This repository enables PDX-specific, investigations of cancer biology through histopathological analysis and contributes important model system data that expand on existing human histology repositories. We expect the PDXNet Image Repository to be valuable for controlled digital pathology analysis, both for the evaluation of technical issues such as stain normalization and for development of novel computational methods based on spatial behaviors within cancer tissues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>White, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koc, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheridan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neuhauser, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evrard, Y. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landua, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mashl, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davies, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raso, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bailey, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubinstein, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foroughi pour, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobrolecki, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujita, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujimoto, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fields, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mudd, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hollingshead, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiwani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>PDXNet Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis-Dusenbery, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallace, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moscow, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doroshow, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitsiades, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaochar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, C.-x.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carvajal-Carmona, L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welm, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welm, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Govindan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davies, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roth</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.26.512745</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A pan-cancer PDX histology image repository with genomic and pathological annotations for deep learning analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.26.513932v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spike-phase coupling patterns reveal laminar identity in primate cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.26.513932v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cortical column is one of the fundamental computational circuits in the brain. In order to understand the role neurons in different layers of this circuit play in cortical function it is necessary to identify the boundaries that separate the laminar compartments. While histological approaches can reveal ground truth they are not a practical means of identifying cortical layers in vivo. The gold standard for identifying laminar compartments in electrophysiological recordings is current-source density (CSD) analysis. However, laminar CSD analysis requires averaging across reliably evoked responses that target the input layer in cortex, which may be difficult to generate in less well studied cortical regions. Further the analysis can be susceptible to noise on individual channels resulting in errors in assigning laminar boundaries. Here, we have analyzed linear array recordings in multiple cortical areas in both the common marmoset and the rhesus macaque. We describe a pattern of laminar spike-field phase relationships that reliably identifies the transition between input and deep layers in cortical recordings from multiple cortical areas in two different non-human primate species. This measure corresponds well to estimates of the location of the input layer using CSDs, but does not require averaging or specific evoked activity. Laminar identity can be estimated rapidly with as little as a minute of ongoing data and is invariant to many experimental parameters. This method may serve to validate CSD measurements that might otherwise be unreliable or to estimate laminar boundaries when other methods are not practical.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Davis, Z. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dotson, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franken, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muller, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reynolds, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.26.513932</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spike-phase coupling patterns reveal laminar identity in primate cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.26.513940v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A mind-body interface alternates with effector-specific regions in motor cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.26.513940v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Primary motor cortex (M1) has been thought to form a continuous somatotopic homunculus extending down precentral gyrus from foot to face representations1,2. The motor homunculus has remained a textbook pillar of functional neuroanatomy, despite evidence for concentric functional zones3 and maps of complex actions4. Using our highest precision functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data and methods, we discovered that the classic homunculus is interrupted by regions with sharpy distinct connectivity, structure, and function, alternating with effector-specific (foot, hand, mouth) areas. These inter-effector regions exhibit decreased cortical thickness and strong functional connectivity to each other, and to prefrontal, insular, and subcortical regions of the Cingulo-opercular network (CON), critical for executive action5 and physiological control6, arousal7, and processing of errors8 and pain9. This interdigitation of action control-linked and motor effector regions was independently verified in the three largest fMRI datasets. Macaque and pediatric (newborn, infant, child) precision fMRI revealed potential cross-species analogues and developmental precursors of the inter-effector system. An extensive battery of motor and action fMRI tasks documented concentric somatotopies for each effector, separated by the CON-linked inter-effector regions. The inter-effector regions lacked movement specificity and co-activated during action planning (coordination of hands and feet), and axial body movement (e.g., abdomen, eyebrows). These results, together with prior work demonstrating stimulation-evoked complex actions4 and connectivity to internal organs (e.g., adrenal medulla)10, suggest that M1 is punctuated by an integrative system for implementing whole-body action plans. Thus, two parallel systems intertwine in motor cortex to form an integrate-isolate pattern: effector-specific regions (foot, hand, mouth) for isolating fine motor control, and a mind-body interface (MBI) for the integrative whole-organism coordination of goals, physiology, and body movement.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gordon, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chauvin, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajesh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nielsen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newbold, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lynch, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seider, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krimmel, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheidter, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monk, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metoki, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montez, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elbau, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madison, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nishino, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myers, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaplan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Andrea, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demeter, D. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feigelis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barch, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smyser, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmerman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Botteron, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pruett, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willie, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunner, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shimony, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kay, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norris, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gratton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sylvester, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Power, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liston, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greene, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roland, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petersen, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rai</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.26.513940</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A mind-body interface alternates with effector-specific regions in motor cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.27.513862v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrated PET and confocal imaging informs a functional timeline for the dynamic process of vascular reconnection during grafting. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.27.513862v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Grafting is a widely used agricultural technique that involves the physical joining of separate plant parts so they form a unified vascular system, enabling beneficial traits from independent genotypes to be captured in a single plant. This simple, yet powerful tool has been used for thousands of years to improve abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, enhance yield, and alter plant architecture in diverse crop systems. Despite the global importance and ancient history of grafting, our understanding of the fundamental biological processes that make this technique successful remains limited, making it difficult to efficiently expand on new genotypic graft combinations. One of the key determinants of successful grafting is the formation of the graft junction, an anatomically unique region where xylem and phloem strands connect between newly joined plant parts to form a unified vascular system. Here, we use an integrated imaging approach to establish a spatiotemporal framework for graft junction formation in the model crop Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), a plant that is commonly grafted worldwide to boost yield and improve abiotic and biotic stress resistance. By combining Positron Emission Tomography (PET), a technique that enables the spatio-temporal tracking of radiolabeled molecules, with high-resolution laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), we are able to merge detailed, anatomical differentiation of the graft junction with a quantitative timeline for when xylem and phloem connections are functionally re-established. In this timeline, we identify a 72-hour window when anatomically connected xylem and phloem strands regain functional capacity, with phloem restoration typically preceding xylem restoration by about 24-hours. Furthermore, we identify heterogeneity in this developmental and physiological timeline that corresponds with microvariability in the physical contact between newly joined rootstock-scion tissues. Our integration of PET and confocal imaging technologies provides a spatio-temporal timeline that will enable future investigations into cellular and tissue patterning events that underlie successful versus failed vascular restoration across the graft junction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Frank, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Komarov, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hecking, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fowler, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravenburg, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Widmier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coneva, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chitwood, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tai, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.27.513862</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrated PET and confocal imaging informs a functional timeline for the dynamic process of vascular reconnection during grafting.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.28.514273v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Expanding the epitranscriptomic RNA sequencing and modification mapping mass spectrometry toolbox with field asymmetric waveform ion mobility and electrochemical elution liquid chromatography 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.28.514273v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Post-transcriptional modifications of RNA strongly influence RNA structure and function. Recent advances in RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry (MS) methods have identified over 140 of these modifications on a wide variety of RNA species. Most next-generation sequencing approaches can only map one RNA modification at a time, and while MS can assign multiple modifications simultaneously in an unbiased manner, MS cannot accurately catalog and assign RNA modifications in complex biological samples due to limitations in fragment length and coverage depth. Thus, a facile method to identify novel RNA modifications while simultaneously locating them in the context of their RNA sequences is still lacking. We combined two orthogonal modes of RNA ion separation before mass-spectrometry identification: high-field asymmetric ion mobility separation (FAIMS) and electrochemically modulated liquid chromatography (EMLC). FAIMS RNA-MS increases both coverage and throughput, while the EMLC LC-MS orthogonally separates RNA of different length and charge. The combination of the two methods offers a broadly applicable platform to improve length and depth of MS-based RNA sequencing while providing contextual access to the analysis of RNA modifications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lauman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pino, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scacchetti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonasio, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.28.514273</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Expanding the epitranscriptomic RNA sequencing and modification mapping mass spectrometry toolbox with field asymmetric waveform ion mobility and electrochemical elution liquid chromatography]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.28.514332v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Defining the roles of pyruvate oxidation, TCA cycle, and mannitol metabolism in methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus urinary tract infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.28.514332v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important cause of complicated urinary tract infection (UTI) associated with the use of indwelling urinary catheters. Previous reports have revealed host and pathogen effectors critical for MRSA uropathogenesis. Here, we sought to determine the significance of specific metabolic pathways during MRSA UTI. First, we identified 16 mutants from the Nebraska transposon mutant library in the MRSA JE2 background with significantly reduced growth in pooled human urine (HU). Among these, five genes targeted by transposon mutation also showed significant upregulation upon exposure to HU for 2 h. This prompted us to generate transposon insertion mutants in the uropathogenic MRSA 1369 strain that were defective in TCA cycle ({Delta}sucD, {Delta}fumC), mannitol metabolism ({Delta}mtlD), and pyruvate oxidation and branched chain fatty acid synthesis ({Delta}lpdA). Compared to the WT, the {Delta}lpdA mutant showed a significant defect growth in HU and colonization of the urinary tract and dissemination to spleen in the mouse model of catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI), which may be attributed to its increased membrane hydrophobicity and higher susceptibility to killing in blood. MRSA 1369 {Delta}sucD, {Delta}fumC, and {Delta}mtlD mutants were not defective for in vitro growth in HU but showed significant fitness defects in the CAUTI mouse model. Overall, identification of novel metabolic pathways important for the urinary fitness and survival of MRSA can be used for the development of novel therapeutics.

ImportanceWhile Staphylococcus aureus has historically not been considered a uropathogen, S. aureus urinary tract infection (UTI) is clinically significant in certain patient populations, including those with chronic indwelling urinary catheters. Moreover, most S. aureus strains causing catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI) are methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), which is difficult to treat as it limits treatment options and has the potential to deteriorate into life-threatening bacteremia, urosepsis, and shock. In this study, we found that pathways involved in pyruvate oxidation, TCA cycle, and mannitol metabolism are important for MRSA fitness and survival in the urinary tract. Improved understanding of the metabolic needs of MRSA in the urinary tract may help us develop novel inhibitors of MRSA metabolism that can be used to treat MRSA-CAUTI more effectively.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kulkarni, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paudel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guedry, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Obernuefemann, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hultgren, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.28.514332</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Defining the roles of pyruvate oxidation, TCA cycle, and mannitol metabolism in methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus urinary tract infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.29.514353v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An expanded proteomic survey of the human parasite Leishmania major focusing on changes in null mutants of the Golgi GDP-Mannose/Fucose/Arabinopyranose transporter LPG2 or the mitochondrial fucosyltransferase FUT1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.29.514353v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The trypanosomatid protozoan parasite Leishmania has a significant impact on human health globally. Understanding the pathways associated with virulence within this significant pathogen is critical for identifying novel vaccination and chemotherapy targets. Within this study we leverage an ultradeep proteomic approach to improve our understanding of two virulence associated genes in Leishmania, encoding the Golgi Mannose/Arabinopyranose/Fucose nucleotide-sugar transporter LPG2, and the mitochondrial fucosyltransferase FUT1. Using deep peptide fractionation followed by complementary fragmentation approaches with higher energy collisional dissociation (HCD) and Electron-transfer dissociation (ETD) allowed the identification of over 6500 proteins, nearly doubling the experimentally known Leishmania major proteome. This deep proteomic analysis revealed significant quantitative differences in both{Delta} lpg2- and{Delta} fut1s mutants with FUT1-dependent changes linked to marked alterations within mitochondrial associated proteins while LPG2-dependent changes impacted many pathways including the secretory pathway. While the FUT1 enzyme has been shown to fucosylate peptides in vitro, no evidence for protein fucosylation was identified within our ultradeep analysis nor did we observe fucosylated glycans within Leishmania glycopeptides isolated using HILIC enrichment. Combined this work provides a critical resource for the community on the observable Leishmania proteome as well as highlights phenotypic changes associated with LPG2 or FUT1 ablation which may guide the development of future therapeutics.

ImportanceLeishmania is a widespread trypanosomatid protozoan parasite of humans with [~]12 million cases ranging from mild to fatal, and hundreds of millions asymptomatically infected. This work advances knowledge of the experimental proteome by nearly 2 fold, to more than 6500 proteins a great resource to investigators seeking to decode how this parasite is transmitted and causes disease, and new targets for therapeutic intervention. The ultradeep proteomics approach identified potential proteins underlying the  persistence without pathology phenotype of deletion mutants of the Golgi nucleotide transporter LPG2, showing many alterations and several candidates. Studies of a rare deletion mutant of the mitochondrial fucosyltransferase FUT1 revealed changes underlying its strong mitochondrial dysfunction, but did not reveal examples of fucosylation of either peptides or N-glycans. This suggests this vital proteins elusive target(s) may be more complex than the methods used could detect, or may not be a protein, perhaps another glycoconjugate or glycolipid.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Polanco, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lye, L. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beverley, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.29.514353</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An expanded proteomic survey of the human parasite Leishmania major focusing on changes in null mutants of the Golgi GDP-Mannose/Fucose/Arabinopyranose transporter LPG2 or the mitochondrial fucosyltransferase FUT1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.28.514307v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TRPV1-mediated sonogenetic neuromodulation of motor cortex in freely moving mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.28.514307v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundNoninvasive and cell-type-specific neuromodulation tools are critically needed for probing intact brain function. Sonogenetics for noninvasive activation of neurons engineered to express thermosensitive transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) by transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) was recently developed to address this need. However, using TRPV1-mediated sonogenetics to evoke behavior by targeting the cortex is challenged by its proximity to the skull due to high skull absorption of ultrasound and increased risks of thermal-induced tissue damage.

ObjectiveThis study evaluated the feasibility and safety of TRPV1-mediated sonogenetics in targeting the motor cortex to modulate the locomotor behavior of freely moving mice.

MethodsAdeno-associated virus was delivered to the mouse motor cortex via intracranial injection to express TRPV1 in excitatory neurons. A wearable FUS device was installed on the mouse head after a month to control neuronal activity by activating virally expressed TRPV1 through FUS sonication at different acoustic pressures. Immunohistochemistry staining of ex vivo brain slices was performed to verify neuron activation and evaluate safety.

ResultsTRPV1-mediated sonogenetic stimulation at 0.7 MPa successfully evoked rotational behavior in the direction contralateral to the stimulation site, activated cortical neurons as indicated by the upregulation of c-Fos, and did not induce significant changes in inflammatory or apoptotic markers (GFAP, lba1, and Caspase-3). Sonogenetic stimulation of TRPV1 mice at a higher acoustic pressure, 1.1 MPa, induced significant changes in motor behavior and upregulation of c-Fos compared with FUS sonication of naive mice at 1.1 MPa. However, signs of damage at the meninges were observed at 1.1 MPa.

ConclusionsTRPV1-mediated sonogenetics can achieve effective and safe neuromodulation at the cortex with carefully selected FUS parameters. These findings expand the application of this technique to include superficial brain targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yue, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Culver, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruchas, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.28.514307</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TRPV1-mediated sonogenetic neuromodulation of motor cortex in freely moving mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.28.514316v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanically manipulate glymphatic transportation by ultrasound combined with microbubbles 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.28.514316v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The glymphatic system is a perivascular fluid transport system for waste clearance. Glymphatic transportation is believed to be driven by the perivascular pumping effect generated by arterial wall pulsation induced by the cardiac cycle. Ultrasound sonication of circulating microbubbles in the cerebral vasculature induces volumetric expansion and contraction of microbubbles that push and pull on the vessel wall to generate a microbubble pumping effect. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether glymphatic transportation can be mechanically manipulated by focused ultrasound (FUS) sonication of microbubbles. The glymphatic pathway in intact mouse brains was studied using intranasal administration of fluorescently labeled albumin as a fluid tracer followed by FUS sonication at a deep brain target (thalamus) in the presence of intravenously injected microbubbles. Three-dimensional confocal microscopy imaging of optically cleared brain tissue revealed that FUS sonication enhanced the transport of fluorescently labeled albumin tracer in the perivascular space along microvessels, primarily the arterioles. We also obtained evidence of FUS-enhanced penetration of the albumin tracer from the perivascular space into the interstitial space. This study revealed that ultrasound combined with circulating microbubbles could noninvasively enhance glymphatic transportation in the brain.

Significance StatementThe glymphatic system is a waste clearance system in the brain analogous to the lymphatic system in peripheral organs. Glymphatic system impairment might contribute to brain disease pathologies, including those in neurodegenerative diseases, traumatic brain injury, and stroke. This study revealed that ultrasound could mechanically enhance glymphatic transportation. This result opens opportunities for using ultrasound to probe the role of the glymphatic system in brain function and brain diseases. Findings from this study suggest that ultrasound can be utilized as a noninvasive/nonpharmacological approach to mitigate brain diseases caused by impaired glymphatic function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ye, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weixel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.28.514316</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanically manipulate glymphatic transportation by ultrasound combined with microbubbles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.29.514360v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Photonic-Plasmonic Coupling Enhanced Fluorescence Enabling Digital-Resolution Ultrasensitive Protein Detection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.29.514360v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Assays utilizing molecular fluorophores are common throughout life science research and diagnostic testing, although detection limits are generally limited by weak emission intensity, thus requiring many labeled target molecules to combine their output to achieve signal-to-noise greater than the background. Here, we describe how the synergistic coupling of plasmonic and photonic resonance modes can significantly boost the emission from fluorescent dye molecules without increasing the illumination intensity while utilizing a microscopy approach with a broad field of view. By optimally matching the resonant modes of a plasmonic fluor (PF) nanoparticle and a photonic crystal (PC) surface with the absorption and emission spectrum of the PFs fluorescent dye, we observe a 52-fold improvement in signal intensity, enabling individual PFs to be observed and digitally counted, using an approach in which one PF tag represents detection of one target molecule. The photonic amplification from the PF can be attributed to the strong near-field enhancement due to the cavity-induced activation of the PF, PC band structure-mediated improvement in collection efficiency of emitted photons, and increased rate of spontaneous emission. We demonstrate the applicability of the method by dose-response characterization of a sandwich immunoassay for human interleukin-6, a biomarker commonly used to assist diagnosis of cancer, inflammation, sepsis, and autoimmune disease. We achieve a limit of detection of 10 fg/ml, representing a capability three orders of magnitude lower than standard immunoassays.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barya, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shepherd, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akin, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tibbs, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singamaneni, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cunningham, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.29.514360</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Photonic-Plasmonic Coupling Enhanced Fluorescence Enabling Digital-Resolution Ultrasensitive Protein Detection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.30.514458v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Punishment Risk Task: Monitoring anxiogenic states during goal directed actions in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.30.514458v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Summary/AbstractCanonical preclinical studies of anxiety-related behavioral states use exploration of novel spaces to test approach-avoidance conflicts such as the open field test, elevated plus maze, and light-dark box. However, these assays cannot evaluate complicated behaviors in which competing states of motivation result in anxiogenic behaviors. Furthermore, these assays can only test the approach-avoidance conflict once due to a reliance on spatial novelty. Here we demonstrate the punishment risk task (PRT) in male and female, group- and singly-housed mice, a model initially described in singly-housed male rats by Park and Moghaddam (2017). The task tests how probabilistic punishment affects reward-seeking behavior. In particular, it measures the delay to pursue a reward (sweetened food pellet) while the likelihood of punishment (foot shock) actively impinges reward-associated actions. Here, we found that mice show increased latency to respond to food reward cues in trials in which the probability of punishment is highest. Further, anxiolytic treatment with diazepam or propranolol block any increase in response latency, indicating the models potential to for study of anxiogenesis in mice. Elucidating how these competitive behavioral states are integral to adaptive behavior and change over time and experience to coordinate anxiogenesis should greatly benefit anxiety disorder research. Specifically, implementing this assay in mice will enable cell-type selective interrogation of these processes and further our understanding of the neural basis of anxiogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Parker, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arackal, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunter, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCall, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.30.514458</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Punishment Risk Task: Monitoring anxiogenic states during goal directed actions in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.01.514596v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Capsular polysaccharide inhibits vaccine-induced O-antigen antibody binding and function across both classical and hypervirulent K2:O1 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.01.514596v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Klebsiella pneumoniae presents as two circulating pathotypes: classical K. pneumoniae (cKp) and hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKp). Classical isolates are considered urgent threats due to their antibiotic resistance profiles, while hvKp isolates have historically been antibiotic susceptible. Recently, however, increased rates of antibiotic resistance have been observed in both hvKp and cKp, further underscoring the need for preventive and effective immunotherapies. Two distinct surface polysaccharides have gained traction as vaccine candidates against K. pneumoniae: capsular polysaccharide and the O-antigen of lipopolysaccharide. While both targets have practical advantages and disadvantages, it remains unclear which of these antigens included in a vaccine would provide superior protection against matched K. pneumoniae strains. Here, we report the production of two bioconjugate vaccines, one targeting the K2 capsular serotype and the other targeting the O1 O-antigen. Using murine models, we investigated whether these vaccines induced specific antibody responses that recognize K2:O1 K. pneumoniae strains. While each vaccine was immunogenic in mice, both cKp and hvKp strains exhibited decreased O-antibody binding in the presence of capsule. Further, O1 antibodies demonstrated decreased killing in serum bactericidal assays with encapsulated strains, suggesting that the presence of K. pneumoniae capsule blocks O1-antibody binding and function. Finally, the K2 vaccine outperformed the O1 vaccine against both cKp and hvKp in two different murine infection models. These data suggest that capsule-based vaccines may be superior to O-antigen vaccines for targeting hvKp and some cKp strains, due to capsule blocking the O-antigen.

Significance StatementCurrently there are no licensed vaccines targeting K. pneumoniae, but several are in development. Two prominent K. pneumoniae surface polysaccharides (capsule and O-antigen) represent attractive vaccine targets; however, the relative efficacy of these potential vaccines against K. pneumoniae strains has not been directly compared. To inform future vaccine development, we evaluate two bioconjugate vaccines (targeting either capsule or O-antigen) demonstrating that each are immunogenic in murine models. However, we find that K. pneumoniae capsule largely inhibits recognition by antibodies raised against O-antigen. Further, we demonstrate that a capsule-based vaccine outperforms an O-antigen vaccine against both cKp and hvKp in murine models of pneumonia and bacteremia, suggesting that capsule-based vaccines offer superior protection from some K. pneumoniae infections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wantuch, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knoot, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vinogradov, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harding, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosen, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.01.514596</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Capsular polysaccharide inhibits vaccine-induced O-antigen antibody binding and function across both classical and hypervirulent K2:O1 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.01.514705v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Uncovering the principles coordinating systems-level organelle biogenesis with cellular growth 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.01.514705v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Among the hallmark properties of the eukaryotic cell is its organization into specialized biochemical compartments known as organelles. Understanding how organelle biogenesis at systems-scale is coordinated with cellular growth rate and size is a major goal of quantitative cell biology. Here we map out the correlation structure of systems-level organelle biogenesis with cellular growth using "rainbow yeast", a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that expresses fluorescent labels for 6 major organelles. By carrying out hyperspectral imaging of thousands of single rainbow yeast cells, we decomposed the systems-level organelle biogenesis program into specific modes that characterize the response to changes in nutrient availability. Upon chemical biological dissection of this response, our results suggest that systems-level organelle biogenesis represents the sum of distinct organelle modes excited by growth rate and cell size separately. The flexibility afforded by this regulatory architecture may underlie how eukaryotic cells leverage compartmentalization to independently tune cell sizes and growth rates and satisfy potentially incompatible environmental and developmental constraints.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukherji, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.01.514705</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Uncovering the principles coordinating systems-level organelle biogenesis with cellular growth]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.02.514928v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Decipher macrophage-fibroblast-cardiomyocyte signaling interactions associated with heart failure using deep graph neural network models and single-cell RNA-seq data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.02.514928v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Heart failure is a major cause of mortality. In these recent studies, novel evidence, using single-cell transcriptomic data, was reported to indicate that macrophages and fibroblasts play important roles in heart failure. The involvement of macrophages in inflammation and the relationship between inflammation and fibrosis has been established. However, the underlying molecular targets and signaling pathways mediating signaling interactions among macrophages, fibroblasts, and cardiomyocytes remain unclear. In this study, analyzing the scRNA-seq datasets using deep learning models, we ranked the cell-type specific molecular targets; and uncovered the dysfunctional intra- and inter-cellular signaling pathways that are potentially associated with heart failure. The signaling targets and pathways could be helpful in identifying effective medications for heart disease inflammation management to prevent heart failure.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payne, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.02.514928</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Decipher macrophage-fibroblast-cardiomyocyte signaling interactions associated with heart failure using deep graph neural network models and single-cell RNA-seq data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.03.514940v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inhibition of extracellular vesicle-encapsulated miRNA produced by estrogen-mediated upregulation of cellular processing suppresses target organ inflammation in a humanized model of systemic lupus erythematosus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.03.514940v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Background/PurposeDistinct, disease-associated intracellular miRNA (miR) expression profiles have been identified from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) patients. We have previously demonstrated novel estrogenic responses in PBMCs from SLE patients and discovered that estrogen lowers the threshold of immune cell activation to a greater extent in females, including significant upregulation of toll-like receptor (TLR)7 and TLR8 expression. TLR7 and TLR8 bind viral-derived single-stranded RNA to stimulate innate inflammatory responses, but recent studies have shown that miR-21, mir-29a, and miR-29b can also bind and activate these receptors when packaged and secreted in extracellular vesicles (EVs).

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to characterize the estrogen-mediated immunomodulatory effects of distinct EV-encapsulated miR profiles in SLE and evaluate the potential therapeutic approach of miR inhibition in a humanized mouse model.

MethodsSLE patients meeting revised ACR guidelines and age/sex-matched healthy controls provided informed consent to participate in this IRB-approved study. Plasma-derived EVs were isolated by differential ultracentrifugation and quantified. PBMCs were isolated from whole blood and cultured in hormone free conditions before stimulation with 17{beta}-estradiol (estrogen; E2). RNA was isolated following E2 stimulation or EV isolation and bulk RNA-sequencing (RNAseq) reads were analyzed. Additionally, PBMCs from active SLE patients were injected into immunodeficient mice to produce chimeras. Prior to transfer, the PBMCs were incubated with liposomal EVs containing complementary locked nucleic acid (LNA) antagonists to miR-21, mir-29a, and miR-29b. After three weeks, blood was collected for both immunophenotyping and cytokine analysis and tissue was harvested for histopathological examination.

ResultsEVs were found to be increased in the plasma of SLE patients and differentially expressed EV-derived miR profiles were detected compared to healthy controls, including miR-21, mir-29a, and miR-29b. E2 stimulation of PBMCs identified upregulated pathways involved in miR transcription/processing. Specifically, small RNA binding proteins and synthesis enzymes demonstrated significant signaling pathway association and upregulation with E2 treatment. Human immune cell subtypes were successfully recovered from whole blood of chimeric mice at similar levels with and without miR inhibition, but levels of human IL-6, IL-1{beta}, IL-4, and TNF- were significantly reduced by the LNA antagonists. Moreover, miR antagonists significantly reduced histopathological infiltrates in the small intestine, liver, and kidney, as demonstrated by H&E-stained tissue sections and immunohistochemistry measuring human CD3.

ConclusionThese data suggest E2-mediated regulation of miR synthesis and demonstrate distinct EV-derived small RNA signatures representing SLE-associated biomarkers. Targeting upregulated EV-encapsulated miR signaling by antagonizing miRs that may bind to TLR7 and TLR8 reveals a novel therapeutic opportunity to suppress autoimmune-mediated inflammation and pathogenesis in SLE.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Young, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwarz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mesa, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jablonski, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, L.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberson, E. D. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jarjour, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.03.514940</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inhibition of extracellular vesicle-encapsulated miRNA produced by estrogen-mediated upregulation of cellular processing suppresses target organ inflammation in a humanized model of systemic lupus erythematosus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.03.515106v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A condensate forming tether for lariat debranching enzyme is defective in non-photosensitive trichiothiodystrophy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.03.515106v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The pre-mRNA life cycle requires intron processing; yet, how intron processing defects influence splicing and gene expression is unclear. Here, we find TTDN1, which is frequently mutated in non-photosensitive trichothiodystrophy (NP-TTD), functionally links intron lariat processing to the spliceosome. The conserved TTDN1 C-terminal region directly binds lariat debranching enzyme DBR1, while its N-terminal intrinsically disordered region (IDR) binds the intron binding complex (IBC). The IDR forms condensates in vitro and is needed for IBC interaction. TTDN1 loss causes significant intron lariat accumulation, as well as splicing and gene expression defects, mirroring phenotypes observed in NP-TTD patient cells. Ttdn1{Delta}/{Delta} mice recapitulate intron processing defects and neurodevelopmental phenotypes seen in NP-TTD. A DBR1-IDR fusion recruits DBR1 to the IBC and circumvents the requirement for TTDN1, indicating this tethering role as its major molecular function. Collectively, our findings unveil key functional connections between lariat processing, splicing outcomes, and NP-TTD molecular pathology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Townley, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buerer, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bacolla, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rusanov, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srivatsan, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mansoori, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sample, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brickner, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, M.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walter, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wozniak, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tainer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fairbrother, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mosammaparast, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.03.515106</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A condensate forming tether for lariat debranching enzyme is defective in non-photosensitive trichiothiodystrophy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.04.515158v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Autophagy protects against high-dose Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.04.515158v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Host autophagy had been associated with the control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection due to its ability to sequesters microorganisms through a process termed "xenophagy"1-4. Xenophagy purportedly limits Mtb replication within infected macrophages1-4. However, studies in mice using a standard low-dose infection model demonstrated that xenophagy in infected phagocytes is not required to control Mtb pathogenesis5,6. Instead, an autophagy-independent function of ATG5 in myeloid cells controls low-dose Mtb infection through limiting neutrophilic inflammation5. Hitherto, an in vivo role for autophagy during Mtb infection remained to be elucidated. We report herein that autophagy in myeloid cells mediates protection against high-dose Mtb infection, providing the first evidence for a role for autophagy in myeloid cells during Mtb infection in vivo. With the exception of ATG5, the autophagy proteins required to control high-dose Mtb infection are dispensable for host defense against a standard low-dose Mtb infection. Specifically, autophagy is required in CD11c+ cells, but is dispensable in neutrophils, to control a high-dose Mtb infection in the lung. The role for autophagy is not to directly degrade Mtb in macrophages through xenophagy, but mainly to limit myeloid-derived suppressor cell accumulation and to promote sustained protective T cell responses. Together, our data highlight a novel role for autophagy in controlling Mtb infection, distinct from that of Atg5 during low-dose Mtb infection, or any previously reported roles for autophagy. In addition, our finding that the result of a pathogen-plus-susceptibility gene interaction is dependent on pathogen burden has important implications on our understanding of how Mtb infection in humans can lead to a spectrum of outcomes, the variables that contribute to autophagy gene function during infection and inflammation, and the potential use of autophagy modulators in clinical medicine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Feng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nehls, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinsella, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chavez, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naik, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKee, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dubey, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samuels, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swain, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hendrix, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodson, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kreamalmeyer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smirnov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Artyomov, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Virgin, H. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stallings, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.04.515158</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Autophagy protects against high-dose Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.04.515203v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Peptide-Centric Quantitative Proteomics Dataset for the Phenotypic Assessment of Alzheimer's Disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.04.515203v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alzheimers disease (AD) is a looming public health disaster with limited interventions. Alzheimers is a complex disease that can present with or without causative mutations and can be accompanied by a range of age-related comorbidities. This diverse presentation makes it difficult to study molecular changes specific to AD. To better understand the molecular signatures of disease we constructed a unique human brain sample cohort inclusive of autosomal dominant AD dementia (ADD), sporadic ADD, and those without dementia but with high AD histopathologic burden, and cognitively normal individuals with no/minimal AD histopathologic burden. All samples are clinically well characterized, and brain tissue was preserved postmortem by rapid autopsy. Samples from four brain regions were processed and analyzed by data-independent acquisition LC-MS/MS. Here we present a high-quality quantitative dataset at the peptide and protein level for each brain region. Multiple internal and external control strategies were included in this experiment to ensure data quality. All data are deposited in the ProteomeXchange repositories and available from each step of our processing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Merrihew, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plubell, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Searle, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keene, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larsen, E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bateman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perrin, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chhatwal, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farlow, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McLean, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghetti, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newell, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frosh, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montine, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacCoss, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.04.515203</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Peptide-Centric Quantitative Proteomics Dataset for the Phenotypic Assessment of Alzheimer's Disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.04.515221v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Autophagy is required in macrophages and dendritic cells to prevent early recruitment of neutrophils during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.04.515221v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection determines tuberculosis disease outcomes, yet we have an incomplete understanding of what immune factors contribute to a protective immune response. Neutrophilic inflammation has been associated with poor disease prognosis in humans and in animal models during M. tuberculosis infection and, therefore, must be tightly regulated. ATG5 is an essential autophagy protein that is required in innate immune cells to control neutrophil-dominated inflammation and promote survival during M. tuberculosis infection, however, the mechanistic basis for how ATG5 regulates neutrophil recruitment is unknown. To interrogate what innate immune cells require ATG5 to control neutrophil recruitment during M. tuberculosis infection, we used different mouse strains that conditionally delete Atg5 in specific cell types. We found that ATG5 is required in CD11c+ cells (lung macrophages and dendritic cells) to control the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines during M. tuberculosis infection, which would otherwise promote neutrophil recruitment. This role for ATG5 is autophagy-dependent, but independent of mitophagy, LC3-associated phagocytosis, and inflammasome activation, which are the most well-characterized ways that autophagy proteins regulate inflammation. In addition to the increase in proinflammatory cytokine production during M. tuberculosis infection, loss of ATG5 in innate immune cells also results in an early induction of TH17 responses. Despite prior published in vitro cell culture experiments supporting a role for autophagy in controlling M. tuberculosis replication in macrophages, loss of autophagy does not affect M. tuberculosis burden in macrophages in vivo and, therefore, the effects of autophagy on inflammatory responses occur without changes in pathogen numbers. These findings reveal new roles for autophagy proteins in lung resident macrophages and dendritic cells that are required to suppress inflammatory responses that are associated with poor control of M. tuberculosis infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kinsella, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kimmey, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smirnov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodson, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaggioli, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chavez, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kreamalmeyer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stallings, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.04.515221</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Autophagy is required in macrophages and dendritic cells to prevent early recruitment of neutrophils during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.05.515292v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Uncovering molecular grammars of intrinsically disordered regions that organize nucleolar fibrillar centers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.05.515292v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The nucleolus is a multilayered structure. Each layer is thought to be a compositionally distinct phase, although how these phases form and interface with one another remains unclear. Using computational, proteomics, in vitro, and in vivo studies, we uncover distinct molecular grammars within intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) of nucleolar proteins that localize to fibrillar centers (FCs) and dense fibrillar components (DFCs). FC and DFC proteins feature two distinct types of IDRs namely those with long tracts of acidic residues and those with blocks of lysines interspersed by acid-rich-regions. We find that phase separation driven by complex coacervation in mixtures of nucleolar proteins, with their distinctive IDRs, and ribosomal DNA and RNA molecules is sufficient to drive the formation of structural facsimiles of FCs and DFCs.

One-Sentence SummaryFacsimiles of core nucleolar substructures were reconstituted via phase separation of key protein and nucleic acid mixtures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>King, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, A. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruff, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farag, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouyang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vahey, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lundberg, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.05.515292</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Uncovering molecular grammars of intrinsically disordered regions that organize nucleolar fibrillar centers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.06.513053v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Third-party effects in the Dictyostelium-Paraburkholderia symbiosis: food bacteria that are eaten, carried, or left behind 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.06.513053v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractSymbiotic interactions may change depending on the abundance of third parties like predators, prey, or pathogens. Third-party interactions with prey bacteria are central to the symbiosis between Dictyostelium discoideum social amoeba hosts and Paraburkholderia facultative bacterial symbionts. Symbiosis with inedible Paraburkholderia allows host D. discoideum to carry prey bacteria through the dispersal stage where host amoebae aggregate and develop into fruiting bodies that disperse spores. Carrying prey bacteria benefits hosts when prey bacteria are scarce but harms hosts when prey bacteria are plentiful. Symbiont-carrying hosts leave some bacteria behind; this could explain the harm to hosts if left-behind bacteria include uneaten prey bacteria. Thus, understanding both benefits and costs in this symbiosis requires measuring how many prey bacteria are eaten, carried, and left behind by infected hosts. We found that Paraburkholderia infection makes hosts leave behind both symbionts and prey bacteria. However, the number of prey bacteria left uneaten was small and did not explain why infected hosts produced fewer spores than uninfected hosts. Turning to the bacteria that are carried, we found that hosts carry more prey bacteria after developing in prey- poor environments than in prey-rich ones. This suggests that carriage is actively modified to ensure hosts have prey in the harshest conditions. Our results show that multifaceted interactions with third parties shape the evolution of symbioses in complex ways.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scott, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Queller, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strassmann, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.06.513053</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Third-party effects in the Dictyostelium-Paraburkholderia symbiosis: food bacteria that are eaten, carried, or left behind]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.06.515322v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deep unfolded convolutional dictionary learning for motif discovery 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.06.515322v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We present a principled representation learning approach based on convolutional dictionary learning (CDL) for motif discovery. We unroll an iterative algorithm that optimizes CDL as a forward pass in a neural network, resulting in a network that is fully interpretable, fast, and capable of finding motifs in large datasets. Simulated data show that our network is more sensitive and specific for discovering binding sites that exhibit complex binding patterns than popular motif discovery methods such as STREME and HOMER. Our network reveals statistically significant motifs and their diverse binding modes from the JASPAR database that are currently not reported.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chu, S. K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stormo, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.06.515322</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deep unfolded convolutional dictionary learning for motif discovery]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.07.515208v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Charge-voltage curves of Shaker potassium channel are not hysteretic at steady state 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.07.515208v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Charged residues in transmembrane segments of voltage-gated ion channels (VGICs) sense and respond to changes in the electric field. The movement of these gating charges underpins voltage-dependent activation and is also a direct metric of the net free-energy of channel activation. However, for most voltage-gated ion channels, the charge-voltage (Q-V) curves appear to be dependent on initial conditions. For instance, Q-V curves of Shaker potassium channel obtained by hyperpolarizing from 0 mV is left shifted compared to those obtained by depolarizing from a holding potential of -80 mV. This hysteresis in Q-V curves is a common feature of channels in the VGIC superfamily and raises profound questions about channel energetics because the net free-energy of channel gating is a state function and should be path independent. Due to technical limitations, conventional gating current protocols are limited to test pulse durations of <500 ms which raises the possibility that the dependence of Q-V on initial conditions reflects a lack of equilibration. Others have suggested that the hysteresis is fundamental thermodynamic property of voltage-gated ion channels and reflects energy dissipation due to measurements under non-equilibrium conditions inherent to rapid voltage jumps (Villalba-Galea, 2017). Using an improved gating current and voltage-clamp fluorometry protocols, we show that the gating hysteresis arising from different initial conditions in Shaker potassium channel is eliminated with ultra-long (18-25 second) test pulses. Our study identifies a modified gating current recording protocol to obtain steady state Q-V curves of a voltage-gated ion channel. Above all, these findings demonstrate that the gating hysteresis in Shaker channel is a kinetic phenomenon rather than a true thermodynamic property of the channel and the charge-voltage curve is a true measure of the net-free energy of channel gating.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cowgill, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chanda, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.07.515208</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Charge-voltage curves of Shaker potassium channel are not hysteretic at steady state]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.09.515787v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ibex: Variational autoencoder for single-cell BCR sequencing. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.09.515787v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryB cells are critical for adaptive immunity and are governed by the recognition of an antigen by the B cell receptor (BCR), a process that drives a coordinated series of signaling events and modulation of various transcriptional programs. Single-cell RNA sequencing with paired BCR profiling could offer insights into numerous physiological and pathological processes. However, unlike the plethora of single-cell RNA analysis pipelines, computational tools that utilize single-cell BCR sequences for further analyses are not yet well developed. Here we report Ibex, which vectorizes the amino acid sequence of the complementarity-determining region 3 (cdr3) of the immunoglobulin heavy and light chains, allowing for unbiased dimensional reduction of B cells using their BCR repertoire. Ibex is implemented as an R package with integration into both the Seurat and Single-Cell Experiment framework, enabling the incorporation of this new analytic tool into many single-cell sequencing analytic workflows and multimodal experiments.

Availability and ImplementationIbex is available as an R package at https://github.com/ncborcherding/Ibex. Reproducible code and data for the figure appearing in the manuscript are available at https://github.com/ncborcherding/Ibex.manuscript. A companion TCR-based approach is available at https://github.com/ncborcherding/Trex.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Borcherding, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeNardo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brestoff, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.09.515787</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ibex: Variational autoencoder for single-cell BCR sequencing.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.09.515796v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Breast cancer mutations HER2 V777L and PIK3CA H1047R activate the p21/CDK4/6/Cyclin D1 axis driving tumorigenesis and drug resistance. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.09.515796v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In metastatic breast cancer, HER2 activating mutations frequently co-occur with mutations in the PIK3CA, TP53, or E-cadherin genes. Of these co-occurring mutations, HER2 and PIK3CA mutations are the most prevalent gene pair, with approximately 40% of HER2 mutated breast cancers also having activating mutations in PIK3CA. To study the effects of co-occurring HER2 and PIK3CA mutations, we bred genetically engineered mice with the HER2V777L; PIK3CAH1047Rtransgenes (HP mice) and studied the resulting breast cancers both in vivo as well as ex vivo using cancer organoids. HP breast cancers show accelerated tumor formation in vivo and increased invasion and migration in in vitro assays. HP breast cancers have resistance to the pan-HER tyrosine kinase inhibitor, neratinib, but are effectively treated by neratinib plus trastuzumab deruxtecan. Proteomic and RNA-Seq analysis of HP breast cancers showed increased gene expression of Cyclin D1 and p21WAF1/Cip1 and changes in cell cycle markers. Combining neratinib with CDK4/6 inhibitors was another effective strategy for HP breast cancers with neratinib plus palbociclib showing a statistically significant reduction in mouse HP tumors as compared to either drug alone. We validated both the neratinib plus trastuzumab deruxtecan and neratinib plus palbociclib combinations using a human breast cancer patient-derived xenograft that has very similar HER2 and PIK3CA mutations. Both of these drug combinations are being tested in phase 1 clinical trials and this study provides valuable preclinical evidence for them.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Highkin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vemalapally, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prior, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tipton, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iliuk, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Achilefu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagemann, I. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bose, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.09.515796</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Breast cancer mutations HER2 V777L and PIK3CA H1047R activate the p21/CDK4/6/Cyclin D1 axis driving tumorigenesis and drug resistance.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.10.515959v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neuropathic injury drives a generalized negative affective state in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.10.515959v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuropathic pain causes both sensory and emotional maladaptation. Preclinical animal studies of neuropathic pain-induced negative affect could result in novel insights into the mechanisms of chronic pain. Modeling pain-induced negative affect, however, is variable across research groups and conditions. The same injury may or may not produce robust negative affective behavioral responses across different species, strains, and laboratories. Here we sought to identify negative affective consequences of the spared nerve injury model on C57BL/6J male and female mice. We found no significant effect of spared nerve injury across a variety of approach-avoidance, hedonic choice, and coping strategy assays. We hypothesized these inconsistencies may stem in part from the short test duration of these assays. To test this hypothesis, we used the homecage-based Feeding Experimentation Device version 3 to conduct 12-hour, overnight progressive ratio testing to determine whether mice with chronic spared nerve injury had decreased motivation to earn palatable food rewards. Our data demonstrate that despite equivalent task learning, spared nerve injury mice are less motivated to work for a sugar pellet than sham controls. Further, when we normalized behavioral responses across all the behavioral assays we tested, we found that a combined normalized behavioral score is predictive of injury-state and significantly correlates with mechanical thresholds. Together these results suggest that homecage-based operant behaviors provide a useful platform for modeling nerve injury-induced negative affect and that valuable pain-related information can arise from agglomerative data analyses across behavioral assays - even when individual inferential statistics do not demonstrate significant mean differences.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Norris, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bilbily, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becker, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borges, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunn, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madasu, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Hasani, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creed, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCall, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.10.515959</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neuropathic injury drives a generalized negative affective state in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.14.516510v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Circuit-specific selective vulnerability in the DMN persists in the face of widespread amyloid burden. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.14.516510v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The relationship between brainwide functional decline and accumulation of pathological protein aggregates in Alzheimers disease (AD) is complex and not well understood. A set of highly interconnected cortical regions known as the default mode network (DMN) exhibits selective vulnerability to both functional decline and amyloid beta (A{beta}) plaques in early AD. One possibility is that early A{beta} accumulation in the DMN drives vulnerability. However, it is unknown whether there is something intrinsic to neuronal projections within the DMN that biases these circuits towards dysfunction. Here we directly test this hypothesis using long-term recordings of the spiking activity of ensembles of single units in freely behaving mice characterized by global cortical and hippocampal A{beta} burden (APP/PS1). Specifically, we track the interactions of a population of neurons within a DMN region and two additional populations that comprise monosynaptic targets, one within and the other outside the DMN. In addition, we record single neurons in hippocampus and examine interactions between the in-DMN and out-DMN cortical circuits triggered on hippocampal sharp-wave ripples, stereotyped hippocampal events that contribute to memory consolidation in the cortex. We examine the statistics of local activity as well as inter-regional communication in a region, genotype, and brain-state dependent manner. Our data reveal dysfunction restricted to the in-DMN projecting circuit. In contrast, communication along neuronal projections that originate in the DMN but target an out-DMN population is equivalent in APP/PS1 and WT mice. Circuit dysfunction is most evident throughout sleep, and particularly disrupted within sharp-wave ripples. Summarily, our results indicate that, even in the face of transgene overexpression and widespread A{beta}, there is distinct intrinsic and selective vulnerability. This vulnerability to amyloidosis is circuit-specific and conditioned on target, and neither source nor amyloid burden. These data raise the possibility that neuronal function in the DMN is not universally vulnerable; DMN subnetworks whose interactions involve targets outside the DMN may be resilient to A{beta}.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brunwasser, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farris, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elmore, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dyer, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nair, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitesell, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hengen, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.14.516510</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Circuit-specific selective vulnerability in the DMN persists in the face of widespread amyloid burden.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.14.516356v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discovery, Synthesis, and Optimization of 1,2,4-Triazolyl Pyridines Targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.14.516356v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tuberculosis (TB) results in 1.5 million deaths every year. The rise in multi-drug resistant TB underscores the urgent need to develop new antibacterials, particularly those with new chemical entities and/or novel mechanisms of action that can be used in combination therapy with existing drugs to prevent the rapid emergence of resistance. Herein, we report the discovery and synthesis of a new series of compounds containing a 3-thio-1,2,4-triazole moiety that show inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) growth and survival. Structure-activity relationship studies led us to identify potent analogs displaying nanomolar inhibitor activity, specifically against Mtb. These potent analogs exhibit a promising ADME/pharmacokinetic profile and no cytotoxicity in mammalian cells at over 100 times the effective dose in Mtb. Our preliminary investigations into the mechanism of action suggest this series is not engaging promiscuous targets and, thereby, could be acting on a novel target.



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=79 SRC="FIGDIR/small/516356v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berida, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKee, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatterjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pandey, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tripathi, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doerksen, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ducho, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stallings, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.14.516356</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discovery, Synthesis, and Optimization of 1,2,4-Triazolyl Pyridines Targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.14.516516v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An RNA interference (RNAi) toolkit and its utility for functional genetic analysis of 	Leishmania	 (	Viannia	) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.14.516516v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful tool whose efficacy against a broad range of targets enables functional genetic tests individually or systematically. However, the RNAi pathway has been lost in evolution by a variety of eukaryotes including most Leishmania sp. RNAi was retained in species of the Leishmania subgenus Viannia, and here we describe the development, optimization, and application of RNAi tools to the study of L. (Viannia) braziliensis. We developed vectors facilitating generation of long-hairpin or "stem-loop" (StL) RNAi knockdown constructs, using Gateway site-specific recombinase technology. A survey of applications of RNAi in L. braziliensis included genes interspersed within multigene tandem arrays such as QDPR, a potential target or modulator of antifolate sensitivity. Other tests include genes involved in cell differentiation and amastigote proliferation (A600), and essential genes of the intraflagellar transport (IFT) pathway. We tested a range of stem lengths targeting the L. braziliensis hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) and reporter firefly luciferase (LUC) genes and found that the efficacy of RNAi increased with stem length, and fell off greatly below about 128 nt. We used the StL length dependency to establish a useful  hypomorphic approach not possible with other gene ablation strategies, with shorter IFT140 stems yielding viable cells with compromised flagellar morphology. We showed that co-selection for RNAi against adenine phosphoryl transferase (APRT1) using 4-aminopyrazolpyrimidine (APP) could increase the efficacy of RNAi against reporter constructs, a useful tool that may facilitate improvements in future work. Thus, for many genes, RNAi provides a useful tool for studying Leishmania gene function with some unique advantages.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lye, L.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Owens, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcus, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brettmann, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beverley, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.14.516516</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An RNA interference (RNAi) toolkit and its utility for functional genetic analysis of 	Leishmania	 (	Viannia	)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.15.516536v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Aim18p and Aim46p are CHI-domain-containing mitochondrial hemoproteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.15.516536v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chalcone isomerases (CHIs) have well-established roles in the biosynthesis of plant flavonoid metabolites. Saccharomyces cerevisiae possesses two predicted CHI-like proteins, Aim18p (encoded by YHR198C) and Aim46p (YHR199C), but it lacks other enzymes of the flavonoid pathway, suggesting that Aim18p and Aim46p employ the CHI fold for distinct purposes. Here, we demonstrate that Aim18p and Aim46p reside on the mitochondrial inner membrane and adopt CHI folds, but they lack select active site residues and possess an extra fungal-specific loop. Consistent with these differences, Aim18p and Aim46p lack chalcone isomerase activity and also the fatty acid-binding capabilities of other CHI-like proteins, but instead bind heme. We further show that diverse fungal homologs also bind heme and that Aim18p and Aim46p possess structural homology to a bacterial hemoprotein. Collectively, our work reveals a distinct function and cellular localization for two CHI-like proteins, introduces a new variation of a hemoprotein fold, and suggests that ancestral CHI-like proteins were hemoproteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schmitz, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolters, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murray, N. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guerra, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bingman, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hittinger, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pagliarini, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.15.516536</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Aim18p and Aim46p are CHI-domain-containing mitochondrial hemoproteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.14.516475v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification and Characterization of ML321: a Novel and Highly Selective D2 Dopamine Receptor Antagonist with Efficacy in Animal Models that Predict Atypical Antipsychotic Activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.14.516475v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We have developed and characterized a novel D2R antagonist with exceptional GPCR selectivity - ML321. In functional profiling screens of 168 different GPCRs, ML321 showed little activity beyond potent inhibition of the D2R, and to a lesser extent the D3R, demonstrating excellent receptor selectivity. The D2R selectivity of ML321 may be related to the fact that, unlike other monoaminergic ligands, ML321 lacks a positively charged amine group and adopts a unique binding pose within the orthosteric binding site of the D2R. PET imaging studies in non-human primates demonstrated that ML321 penetrates the CNS and occupies the D2R in a dose-dependent manner. Behavioral paradigms in rats demonstrate that ML321 can selectively antagonize a D2R-mediated response (hypothermia) while not affecting a D3R-mediated response (yawning) using the same dose of drug, thus indicating exceptional in vivo selectivity. We also investigated the effects of ML321 in animal models that are predictive of antipsychotic efficacy in humans. We found that ML321 attenuates both amphetamine- and phencyclidine-induced locomotor activity and restored pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle in a dose-dependent manner. Surprisingly, using doses that were maximally effective in both the locomotor and PPI studies, ML321 was relatively ineffective in promoting catalepsy. Kinetic studies revealed that ML321 exhibits slow-on and fast-off receptor binding rates, similar to those observed with atypical antipsychotics with reduced extrapyramidal side effects. Taken together, these observations suggest that ML321, or a derivative thereof, may exhibit "atypical" antipsychotic activity in humans with significantly fewer side effects than observed with currently FDA-approved D2R antagonists.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Free, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nilson, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boldizsar, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doyle, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguiz, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pogorelov, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Machino, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertz, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, H. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dulcey, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mach, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woods, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lane, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marugan, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wetsel, W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sibley, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.14.516475</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification and Characterization of ML321: a Novel and Highly Selective D2 Dopamine Receptor Antagonist with Efficacy in Animal Models that Predict Atypical Antipsychotic Activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.16.516801v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inhibition of Centrosome Clustering Reduces Cystogenesis and Improves Kidney Function in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.16.516801v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is an inherited monogenic disorder accounting for [~]5% of patients with renal failure. Yet, therapeutics for the treatment of ADPKD remain limited. ADPKD tissues display defects in the biogenesis of the centrosome which causes genome instability, aberrant ciliary signaling, and secretion of pro-inflammatory factors that drive cyst growth and fibrosis. Cystic cells form excess centrosomes via a process termed centrosome amplification (CA), which often causes abnormal multipolar spindle configurations, mitotic catastrophe, and reduced cell viability. However, cells with CA can suppress multipolarity via "centrosome clustering", a key mechanism by which cells circumvent apoptosis. Here, we demonstrate that inhibiting centrosome clustering can counteract the proliferation of renal cystic cells with high incidences of CA. Using ADPKD human cells and mouse models, we show that blocking centrosome clustering with two inhibitors, CCB02 and PJ34, blocks cyst initiation and growth in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of centrosome clustering activates a p53-mediated mitotic surveillance mechanism leading to apoptosis, reduced cyst expansion, interstitial fibrosis, and improved kidney function. Transcriptional analysis of kidneys from treated mice identified pro-inflammatory signaling pathways implicated in CA-mediated cystogenesis and fibrosis. Our results provide the first evidence that centrosome clustering is a cyst-selective target for the improvement of renal morphology and function in ADPKD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cheng, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mariappan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langner, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shim, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gopalakrishnan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahjoub, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.16.516801</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inhibition of Centrosome Clustering Reduces Cystogenesis and Improves Kidney Function in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.17.516920v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DNAJB6 Isoform Specific Knockdown: Therapeutic Potential for LGMDD1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.17.516920v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dominant missense mutations in DNAJB6, an HSP40 co-chaperone, cause limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) D1. No treatments are currently available. Two isoforms exist, DNAJB6a and DNAJB6b, each with distinct localizations in muscle. Mutations reside in both isoforms, yet evidence suggests only DNAJB6b is responsible for disease pathogenesis. Mechanistic data supports either a toxic gain of function, a dominant negative mechanism, or a combination of both. Knockdown treatment strategies involving both isoforms carry risk as DNAJB6 knockout is embryonic lethal. We therefore developed an isoform specific knockdown approach using morpholinos. Selective reduction of each isoform was achieved in-vitro in primary mouse myotubes and human myoblasts, as well as in-vivo in mouse skeletal muscle. To assess isoform specific knockdown in LGMDD1, we created primary myotube cultures from a knock-in LGMDD1 mouse model. Using mass spectrometry, we identified an LGMDD1 protein signature related to protein homeostasis and myofibril structure. Selective reduction of DNAJB6b levels in LGMDD1 myotubes corrected much of the proteomic disease signature towards wild type levels. While additional in-vivo functional data is required, these findings suggest selective reduction of DNAJB6b may be a viable therapeutic target for LGMDD1.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Findlay, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paing, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daw, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bengoechea, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pittman, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>True, H. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weihl, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.17.516920</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DNAJB6 Isoform Specific Knockdown: Therapeutic Potential for LGMDD1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.18.516994v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modulation of TRPV4 Protects against Degeneration Induced by Sustained Loading and Promotes Matrix Synthesis in the Intervertebral Disc 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.18.516994v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While it is well-known that mechanical signals can either promote or disrupt intervertebral disc (IVD) homeostasis, the molecular mechanisms for transducing mechanical stimuli are not fully understood. The transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) ion channel activated in isolated IVD cells initiates extracellular matrix (ECM) gene expression, while TRPV4 ablation reduces cytokine production in response to circumferential stretching. However, the role of TRPV4 on ECM maintenance during tissue-level mechanical loading remains unknown. Using an organ culture model, we modulated TRPV4 function over both short-(hours) and long-term (days) and evaluated IVDs response. Activating TRPV4 with the agonist GSK101 resulted in a Ca2+ flux propagating across the cells within the IVD. NF-{kappa}B signaling in the IVD peaked at 6 hours following TRPV4 activation that subsequently resulted in higher IL-6 production at 7 days. These cellular responses were concomitant with the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans and increased hydration in the nucleus pulposus that culminated in higher stiffness of the IVD. Sustained compressive loading of the IVD resulted in elevated NF-{kappa}B activity, IL-6 and VEGF-A production, and degenerative changes to the ECM. TRPV4 inhibition using GSK205 during loading mitigated the changes in inflammatory cytokines, protected against IVD degeneration, and but could not prevent ECM disorganization due to mechanical damage in the annulus fibrosus. These results indicate TRPV4 plays an important role in both short-and long-term adaptations of the IVD to mechanical loading. The modulation of TRPV4 may be a possible therapeutic for preventing load-induced IVD degeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Easson, G. W. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savadipour, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anandarajah, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iannucci, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lake, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guilak, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.18.516994</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modulation of TRPV4 Protects against Degeneration Induced by Sustained Loading and Promotes Matrix Synthesis in the Intervertebral Disc]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.18.517051v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell multi-omic analysis of the vestibular schwannoma ecosystem uncovers a nerve injury-like state 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.18.517051v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Vestibular schwannomas (VS) are benign tumors that lead to significant neurologic and otologic morbidity. How VS heterogeneity and the tumor microenvironment (TME) contribute to the pathogenesis of these tumors remains poorly understood. We performed scRNA-seq on 15 VS samples, with paired scATAC-seq in six samples. We identified diverse Schwann cell (SC), stromal, and immune populations in the VS TME and found that repair-like and MHC-II antigen presenting subtype SCs are associated with increased myeloid cell infiltrate, implicating a nerve injury-like process. Deconvolution analysis of RNA-expression data from 175 tumors revealed Injury-like tumors are associated with larger tumor size, and scATAC-seq identified transcription factors associated with nerve repair among SCs from Injury-like tumors. Ligand-receptor analysis and functional in vitro experiments suggested that SCs recruit monocytes. Our study indicates that Injury-like SCs may cause tumor growth via myeloid cell recruitment and identifies molecular pathways that may be targeted to prevent tumor progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barrett, T. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yim, A. K. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pugazenthi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahlokozera, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mullins, R. D. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zipfel, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herzog, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chicoine, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wick, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durakovic, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osbun, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shew, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sweeney, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchman, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petti, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puram, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.18.517051</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell multi-omic analysis of the vestibular schwannoma ecosystem uncovers a nerve injury-like state]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.20.517256v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lipid nanodisc scaffold and size alters the structure of a pentameric ligand-gated ion channel 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.20.517256v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lipid nanodiscs have become the standard reconstitution system for structural and biochemical studies of membrane proteins, especially using single particle cryo-EM. We find that reconstitution of the pentameric ligand-gated ion channel (pLGIC), Erwinia ligand-gated ion channel (ELIC), in different nanodisc scaffolds (MSP1E3D1, SMA, saposin, spMSP1D1) produces distinct apo and agonist-bound structures. In the presence of agonist, different nanodiscs scaffolds produce concerted conformational changes associated with activation in ELIC, with larger nanodiscs showing more activated conformations. The effect of different nanodisc scaffolds on ELIC structure extends to the extracellular domain and agonist binding site. Molecular dynamic simulations of ELIC in small and large nanodiscs suggest that the impact of the nanodisc on ELIC structure is influenced by nanodisc size. Overall, the results indicate that the nanodisc profoundly affects the structure of a pLGIC, and suggest that larger circularized nanodiscs may be advantageous to approximate a lipid membrane environment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dalal, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arcario, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petroff, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dietzen, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rau, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitzpatrick, J. A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brannigan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, W. W. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.20.517256</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lipid nanodisc scaffold and size alters the structure of a pentameric ligand-gated ion channel]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.20.517292v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Homunculus Interruptus: A motor association area in the depth of the central sulcus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.20.517292v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cells in the precentral gyrus of the human brain directly send signals to the periphery to generate movement and are topologically organized as a map of the body. We find that movement induced electrophysiological changes from implanted depth electrodes extend this map 3-dimensionally throughout the volume of the gyrus. Unexpectedly, this organization is interrupted by a motor association area in the depths of the central sulcus at its mid-lateral aspect that is active during many different types of movements from both sides of the body.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jensen, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ojeda Valencia, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klassen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van den Boom, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufmann, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schalk, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunner, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hermes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Worrell, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.20.517292</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Homunculus Interruptus: A motor association area in the depth of the central sulcus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.22.517462v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A human mitofusin 2 mutation causes mitophagic cardiomyopathy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.22.517462v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cardiac muscle has the highest mitochondrial density of any human tissue, but mitochondrial dysfunction is not a recognized cause of isolated cardiomyopathy. Here, we determined that the rare mitofusin (MFN) 2 R400Q mutation is ~20x over-represented in clinical cardiomyopathy, whereas this specific mutation is not reported as a cause of the MFN2 mutant-induced peripheral neuropathy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A (CMT2A). Accordingly, we interrogated the enzymatic, biophysical and functional characteristics of MFN2 Q400 versus wild-type and representative CMT2A-causing MFN2 mutants. All MFN2 mutants we studied suppressed mitochondrial fusion, the canonical MFN2 function. Compared to CMT2A mutants MFN2 R94Q and T105M that lacked catalytic GTPase activity and exhibited normal activation-induced changes in conformation, MFN2 Q400 had normal GTPase activity with impaired conformational shifting. GTPase-defective MFN2 mutants, but not MFN2 Q400, suppressed mitochondrial motility, provoked mitochondrial depolarization and reduced mitochondrial respiration. By contrast, MFN2 Q400 was uniquely defective in recruiting Parkin to mitochondria. CRISPR editing of the R400Q mutation into the mouse Mfn2 gene induced perinatal cardiomyopathy with no other organ involvement. RNA sequencing and metabolomics of cardiomyopathic Mfn2 Q400 hearts revealed signature abnormalities recapitulating experimental mitophagic cardiomyopathy. Indeed, cardiomyoblasts expressing MFN2 Q400 exhibited multiple mitophagy defects, but normal mitochondrial respiration. MFN2 Q400 is the first known natural mitophagy- and shape change-defective MFN2 mutant. Its unique profile of dysfunction evokes mitophagic cardiomyopathy, suggesting a mechanism for its enrichment in clinical cardiomyopathy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Franco, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hershberger, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marian, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathyer, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strong, C. d. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorn, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.22.517462</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A human mitofusin 2 mutation causes mitophagic cardiomyopathy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.23.517494v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Engineered reporter phages for rapid detection of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., and Enterococcus spp. in urine 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.23.517494v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The rapid detection and species-level differentiation of bacterial pathogens facilitates antibiotic stewardship and improves disease management. Here, we develop a rapid bacteriophage-based diagnostic assay to detect the most prevalent pathogens causing urinary tract infections: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., and Enterococcus spp. For each uropathogen, two virulent phages were genetically engineered to express a nanoluciferase reporter gene upon host infection. Using 206 patient urine samples, reporter phage-induced bioluminescence was quantified to identify bacteriuria and the assay was benchmarked against conventional urinalysis. Overall, E. coli, Klebsiella spp., and Enterococcus spp. were each detected with high sensitivity (68%, 78%, 85%), specificity (99%, 99%, 99%), and accuracy (90%, 94%, 96%) at a resolution of [&gt;=]103 CFU/ml within 5 h. We further demonstrate how bioluminescence in urine can be used to predict phage antibacterial activity, demonstrating the future potential of reporter phages as companion diagnostics that guide patient-phage matching prior to therapeutic phage application.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Meile, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Staubli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grossmann, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koliwer-Brandl, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piffaretti, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leitner, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matter, C. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baggenstos, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunold, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guebeli, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kozomara-Hocke, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neumeier, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Botteon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klumpp, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marschall, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCallin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zbinden, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kessler, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loessner, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunne, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kilcher, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.23.517494</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Engineered reporter phages for rapid detection of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., and Enterococcus spp. in urine]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.21.517420v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Starfysh reveals heterogeneous spatial dynamics in the breast tumor microenvironment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.21.517420v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spatially-resolved gene expression profiling provides valuable insight into tissue organization and cell-cell crosstalk; however, spatial transcriptomics (ST) lacks single-cell resolution. Current ST analysis methods require single-cell RNA sequencing data as a reference for a rigorous interpretation of cell states and do not utilize associated histology images. Significant sample variation further complicates the integration of ST datasets, which is essential for identifying commonalities across tissues or altered cellular wiring in disease. Here, we present Starfysh, the first comprehensive computational toolbox for joint modeling of ST and histology data, dissection of refined cell states, and systematic integration of multiple ST datasets from complex tissues. Starfysh uses an auxiliary deep generative model that incorporates archetypal analysis and any known cell state markers to avoid the need for a single-cell-resolution reference in characterizing known or novel tissue-specific cell states. Additionally, Starfysh improves the characterization of spatial dynamics in complex tissues by leveraging histology images and enables the comparison of niches as spatial "hubs" across tissues. Integrative analysis of primary estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and metaplastic breast cancer (MBC) tumors using Starfysh led to the identification of heterogeneous patient- and disease-specific hubs as well as a shared stromal hub with varying spatial orientation. Our results show the ability to delineate the spatial co-evolution of tumor and immune cell states and their crosstalk underlying intratumoral heterogeneity in TNBC and revealed metabolic reprogramming shaping immunosuppressive hubs in aggressive MBC. Starfysh is publicly available (https://github.com/azizilab/starfysh).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nazaret, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rampersaud, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dhillon, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valdez, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friend, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mintz, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lao, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrera, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehdi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rohde, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McFaline-Figueroa, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blei, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leong, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rudensky, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plitas, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azizi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.21.517420</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Starfysh reveals heterogeneous spatial dynamics in the breast tumor microenvironment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.23.517577v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Accelerating cryptic pocket discovery using AlphaFold 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.23.517577v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cryptic pockets, or pockets absent in ligand-free, experimentally determined structures, hold great potential as drug targets. However, cryptic pocket opening is often beyond the reach of conventional biomolecular simulations because certain cryptic pocket openings involve slow motions. Here, we investigate whether AlphaFold can be used to accelerate cryptic pocket discovery either by generating structures with open pockets directly or generating structures with partially open pockets that can be used as starting points for simulations. We use AlphaFold to generate ensembles for 10 known cryptic pocket examples, including 5 that were deposited after AlphaFolds training data was extracted from the PDB. We find that in 6 out of 10 cases AlphaFold samples the open state. For plasmepsin II, an aspartic protease from the causative agent of malaria, AlphaFold only captures partial pocket opening. As a result, we ran simulations from an ensemble of AlphaFold-generated structures and show that this strategy samples cryptic pocket opening, even though an equivalent amount of simulations launched from a ligand-free experimental structure fails to do so. Markov state models (MSMs) constructed from the AlphaFold-seeded simulations quickly yield a free energy landscape of cryptic pocket opening that is in good agreement with the same landscape generated with well-tempered metadynamics. Taken together, our results demonstrate that AlphaFold has a useful role to play in cryptic pocket discovery but that many cryptic pockets may remain difficult to sample using AlphaFold alone.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Meller, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhakat, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solieva, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.23.517577</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Accelerating cryptic pocket discovery using AlphaFold]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.27.518117v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fc-gamma receptor-dependent antibody effector functions are required for vaccine protection against infection by antigenic variants of SARS-CoV-2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.27.518117v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants with antigenic changes in the spike protein are neutralized less efficiently by serum antibodies elicited by legacy vaccines against the ancestral Wuhan-1 virus. Nonetheless, these vaccines, including mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2, retained their ability to protect against severe disease and death, suggesting that other aspects of immunity control infection in the lung. Although vaccine-elicited antibodies can bind Fc gamma receptors (Fc{gamma}Rs) and mediate effector functions against SARS-CoV-2 variants, and this property correlates with improved clinical COVID-19 outcome, a causal relationship between Fc effector functions and vaccine-mediated protection against infection has not been established. Here, using passive and active immunization approaches in wild-type and Fc-gamma receptor (Fc{gamma}R) KO mice, we determined the requirement for Fc effector functions to protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The antiviral activity of passively transferred immune serum was lost against multiple SARS-CoV-2 strains in mice lacking expression of activating Fc{gamma}Rs, especially murine Fc{gamma}R III (CD16), or depleted of alveolar macrophages. After immunization with the preclinical mRNA-1273 vaccine, protection against Omicron BA.5 infection in the respiratory tract also was lost in mice lacking Fc{gamma}R III. Our passive and active immunization studies in mice suggest that Fc-Fc{gamma}R engagement and alveolar macrophages are required for vaccine-induced antibody-mediated protection against infection by antigenically changed SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron strains.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mackin, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desai, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitener, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karl, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baric, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chicz, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McNamara, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alter, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamond, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.27.518117</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fc-gamma receptor-dependent antibody effector functions are required for vaccine protection against infection by antigenic variants of SARS-CoV-2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.29.518376v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Type I IFN signaling mediates NET release to promote Mycobacterium tuberculosis replication and granuloma caseation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.29.518376v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neutrophils are the most abundant cell type in airways of tuberculosis patients. Recent investigations reported induction of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, however, the molecular regulation and impact of NETosis on Mtb pathogenesis is unknown. We find that in response to Mtb infection in neutrophils, PAD4 citrullinates histones to decondense chromatin that gets packaged into vesicles for release as NETs in a manner that can maintain neutrophil viability and promote Mtb replication. Type I interferon, which has been associated with NETosis in numerous contexts but without a known mechanism, promotes formation of chromatin-containing vesicles and NET release. Analysis of nonhuman primate granulomas supports a model where neutrophils are exposed to type I interferon from macrophages as they migrate into the granuloma, where they release NETs that contribute to necrosis and caseation. Our data reveals NETosis as a promising target to inhibit Mtb replication and granuloma caseation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sur Chowdhury, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinsella, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nehls, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naik, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lane, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Talukdar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chavez, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smirnov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beatty, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kreamalmeyer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mattila, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stallings, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.29.518376</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Type I IFN signaling mediates NET release to promote Mycobacterium tuberculosis replication and granuloma caseation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.29.518418v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Calpain-2 mediates SARS-CoV-2 entry and represents a therapeutic target 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.29.518418v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, much effort has been dedicated to identifying effective antivirals against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A number of calpain inhibitors show excellent antiviral activities against SARS-CoV-2 by targeting the viral main protease (Mpro), which plays an essential role in processing viral polyproteins. In this study, we found that calpain inhibitors potently inhibited the infection of a chimeric vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) encoding the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, but not Mpro. In contrast, calpain inhibitors did not exhibit antiviral activities towards the wild-type VSV with its native glycoprotein. Genetic knockout of calpain-2 by CRISPR/Cas9 conferred resistance of the host cells to the chimeric VSV-SARS-CoV-2 virus and a clinical isolate of wild-type SARS-CoV-2. Mechanistically, calpain-2 facilitates SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-mediated cell attachment by positively regulating the cell surface levels of ACE2. These results highlight an Mpro-independent pathway targeted by calpain inhibitors for efficient viral inhibition. We also identify calpain-2 as a novel host factor and a potential therapeutic target responsible for SARS-CoV-2 infection at the entry step.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zeng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chavez, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kutluay, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.29.518418</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Calpain-2 mediates SARS-CoV-2 entry and represents a therapeutic target]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.29.518374v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparing Genomic and Epigenomic Features across Species Using the WashU Comparative Epigenome Browser 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.29.518374v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome browsers have become an intuitive and critical tool to visualize and analyze genomic features and data. Conventional genome browsers display data/annotations on a single reference genome/assembly; there are also genomic alignment viewer/browsers that help users visualize alignment, mismatch, and rearrangement between syntenic regions. However, there is a growing need for a comparative epigenome browser that can display genomic and epigenomic datasets across different species and enable users to compare them between syntenic regions. Here, we present the WashU Comparative Epigenome Browser (http://comparativegateway.wustl.edu). It allows users to load functional genomic datasets/annotations mapped to different genomes and display them over syntenic regions simultaneously. The browser also displays genetic differences between the genomes from single nucleotide variants (SNVs) to structural variants (SVs) to visualize the association between epigenomic differences and genetic differences. Instead of anchoring all datasets to the reference genome coordinates, it creates independent coordinates of different genome assemblies to faithfully present features and data mapped to different genomes. It uses a simple, intuitive genome-align track to illustrate the syntenic relationship between different species. It extends the widely used WashU Epigenome Browser infrastructure and can be expanded to support multiple species. This new browser function will greatly facilitate comparative genomic/epigenomic research, as well as support the recent growing needs to directly compare and benchmark the T2T CHM13 assembly and other human genome assemblies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhuo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Purushotham, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.29.518374</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparing Genomic and Epigenomic Features across Species Using the WashU Comparative Epigenome Browser]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.02.518920v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rho enhancers play unexpectedly minor roles in Rhodopsin transcription and rod cell integrity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.02.518920v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Enhancers function with a basal promoter to control the transcription of target genes. Enhancer regulatory activity is often studied using reporter-based transgene assays. However, unmatched results have been reported when selected enhancers are silenced in situ. In this study, using genomic deletion analysis in mice, we investigated the roles of two previously identified enhancers and the promoter of the Rho gene that codes for the visual pigment rhodopsin. The Rho gene is robustly expressed by rod photoreceptors of the retina, and essential for the subcellular structure and visual function of rod photoreceptors. Mutations in RHO cause severe vision loss in humans. We found that each Rho regulatory region can independently mediate local epigenomic changes, but only the promoter is absolutely required for establishing active Rho chromatin configuration and transcription and maintaining the cell integrity and function of rod photoreceptors. To our surprise, two Rho enhancers that enable strong promoter activation in reporter assays are largely dispensable for Rho expression in vivo. Only small and age-dependent impact is detectable when both enhancers are deleted. Our results demonstrate context-dependent roles of enhancers and highlight the importance of studying functions of cis-regulatory regions in the native genomic context.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruzycki, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.02.518920</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rho enhancers play unexpectedly minor roles in Rhodopsin transcription and rod cell integrity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.03.518964v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A cortical circuit for orchestrating oromanual food manipulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.03.518964v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The seamless coordination of hands and mouth--whether in humans eating corn on the cob or mice extracting sunflower seeds--represents one of evolutions most sophisticated motor achievements. Whereas spinal and brainstem circuits implement basic forelimb and orofacial actions, whether there is a specialized cortical circuit that assembles these actions to enable skilled oromanual manipulation remains unclear. Here, we discover a cortical area and its cell-type-specific circuitry that govern oromanual food manipulation in mice. An optogenetic screen of cortical areas and projection neuron types identified a rostral forelimb-orofacial area (RFO), wherein activation of pyramidal tract (PTFezf2) and intratelencephalic (ITPlxnD1) neurons induced concerted posture, forelimb and orofacial movements resembling eating. In a freely moving pasta-eating behavior, pharmacological RFO inactivation impaired the sitting posture, hand recruitment, and oromanual coordination in pasta eating. RFO PTFezf2 and ITPlxnD1 activity was closely correlated with oromanual pasta manipulation and hand-assisted biting. Optogenetic inhibition revealed that PTsFezf2 regulate dexterous hand and mouth movements while ITsPlxnD1 play a more prominent role in oromanual coordination. RFO forms the hub of an extensive network, with reciprocal connections to cortical forelimb and orofacial sensorimotor areas, as well as insular and visceral areas. Within this cortical network, RFO PTsFezf2 project unilaterally to multiple subcortical, brainstem and spinal areas associated with forelimb and orofacial control, while ITsPlxnD1 project bilaterally to the entire network and the ventrolateral striatum, and can mediate concurrent forelimb and mouth movement in part through their striatal projection. Together, these findings uncover the cell-type-specific implementation of a cortical circuit that orchestrates oromanual manipulation, essential for skilled feeding.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>An, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matho, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whishaw, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kepecs, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.03.518964</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A cortical circuit for orchestrating oromanual food manipulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.02.518887v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GEMC1 and MCIDAS interactions with SWI/SNF complexes regulate the multiciliated cell-specific transcriptional program 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.02.518887v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multiciliated cells (MCCs) project dozens to hundreds of motile cilia from their apical surface to promote the movement of fluids or gametes in the mammalian brain, airway or reproductive organs. Differentiation of MCCs requires the sequential action of the Geminin family transcriptional activators, GEMC1 and MCIDAS, that both interact with E2F4/5-DP1. How these factors activate transcription and the extent to which they play redundant functions remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the transcriptional targets and proximal proteomes of GEMC1 and MCIDAS are highly similar. However, we identified distinct interactions with SWI/SNF subcomplexes; GEMC1 interacts primarily with the ARID1A containing BAF complex while MCIDAS interacts primarily with BRD9 containing ncBAF complexes. Treatment with a BRD9 inhibitor impaired MCIDAS-mediated activation of several target genes and compromised the MCC differentiation program in multiple cell based models. Our data suggest that the differential engagement of distinct SWI/SNF subcomplexes by GEMC1 and MCIDAS is required for MCC-specific transcriptional regulation and mediated by their distinct C-terminal domains.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lewis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Terre, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knobel, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Attolini, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smak, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coyaud, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Cao, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Querol, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gil-Gomez, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piergiovanni, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costanzo, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peiro, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raught, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salvatella, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahjoub, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stracker, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.02.518887</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GEMC1 and MCIDAS interactions with SWI/SNF complexes regulate the multiciliated cell-specific transcriptional program]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.04.516847v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Prior expectation enhances sensorimotor behavior by modulating population tuning and subspace activity in the sensory cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.04.516847v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Prior knowledge facilitates our perception and goal-directed behaviors in the dynamic world, particularly when sensory input is lacking or noisy. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the improvement in sensorimotor behaviors by prior expectations remain unknown. In this study, we examine the neural activity in the middle temporal (MT) area of visual cortex while monkeys perform a smooth pursuit eye movement task with prior expectation of the visual targets motion direction. Prior expectations discriminately reduce the MT neural responses depending on their preferred directions, only when the sensory evidence is weak. This response reduction effectively sharpens neural population direction tuning. Simulations with a realistic MT population demonstrate that sharpening the tuning explains both the biases and variabilities in smooth pursuit, thus suggesting that neural computations in the sensory area alone can underpin the integration of prior knowledge and sensory evidence. State-space analysis further supports this by revealing neural signals of prior expectation in the MT population activity that correlate with behavioral changes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Park, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.04.516847</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Prior expectation enhances sensorimotor behavior by modulating population tuning and subspace activity in the sensory cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.05.519128v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular dynamics analysis of Superoxide Dismutase 1 mutations suggests decoupling between mechanisms underlying ALS onset and progression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.05.519128v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mutations in the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene are the second most common known cause of ALS. SOD1 variants express high phenotypic variability and over 200 have been reported in people with ALS. Investigating how different SOD1 variants affect the protein dynamics might help in understanding their pathogenic mechanism and explaining their heterogeneous clinical presentation. It was previously proposed that variants can be broadly classified in two groups,  wild-type like (WTL) and  metal binding region (MBR) variants, based on their structural location and biophysical properties. MBR variants are associated with a loss of SOD1 enzymatic activity. In this study we used molecular dynamics and large clinical datasets to characterise the differences in the structural and dynamic behaviour of WTL and MBR variants with respect to the wild-type SOD1, and how such differences influence the ALS clinical phenotype. Our study identified marked structural differences, some of which are observed in both variant groups, while others are group specific. Moreover, applying graph theory to a network representation of the proteins, we identified differences in the intramolecular contacts of the two classes of variants. Finally, collecting clinical data of approximately 500 SOD1 ALS patients carrying variants from both classes, we showed that the survival time of patients carrying an MBR variant is generally longer (~6 years median difference, p < 0.001) with respect to patients with a WTL variant. In conclusion, our study highlights key differences in the dynamic behaviour of the WTL and MBR SOD1 variants, and wild-type SOD1 at an atomic and molecular level. We identified interesting structural features that could be further investigated to explain the associated phenotypic variability. Our results support the hypothesis of a decoupling between mechanisms of onset and progression of SOD1 ALS, and an involvement of loss-of-function of SOD1 with the disease progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kalia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miotto, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ness, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Opie-Martin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spargo, T. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Rienzo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biagini, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petrizzelli, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Khleifat, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kabiljo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Topp, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayl, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fogh, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehta, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jockel-Balsarotti, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bali, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Self, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henden, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicholson, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ticozzi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKenna-Yasek, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaw, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chio, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ludolph, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weishaupt, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landers, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glass, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mora, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robberecht, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Damme, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McLaughlin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hardiman, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van den Berg, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veldink, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corcia, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevic, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siddique, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ratti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silani, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blair, I. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, D.-s.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Essel</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.05.519128</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular dynamics analysis of Superoxide Dismutase 1 mutations suggests decoupling between mechanisms underlying ALS onset and progression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.04.519034v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Moderate High Temperature is Beneficial or Detrimental Depending on Carbon Availability in the Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.04.519034v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
High temperatures impair plant and algal growth and reduce food and biofuel production, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a superior model to study heat responses in photosynthetic cells due to its fast growth rate, many similarities in cellular processes to land plants, simple and sequenced genome, and ample genetic and genomics resources. Chlamydomonas grows in light by photosynthesis and/or with the externally supplied organic carbon source, acetate. Most of the published research about Chlamydomonas heat responses used acetate-containing medium. Understanding how organic carbon sources affect heat responses is important for the algal industry but understudied. We cultivated Chlamydomonas wild-type cultures under highly controlled conditions in photobioreactors at control of 25{degrees}C, moderate high temperature of 35{degrees}C, or acute high temperature of 40{degrees}C with and without constant acetate supply for 1- or 4-days. Our results showed that 35{degrees}C increased algal growth with constant acetate supply but reduced algal growth without sufficient acetate. The overlooked and dynamic effects of 35{degrees}C could be explained by induced carbon metabolism, including acetate uptake and assimilation, glyoxylate cycle, gluconeogenesis pathways, and glycolysis. Acute high temperature at 40{degrees}C for more than 2 days was lethal to algal cultures with and without constant acetate supply. Our research provides insights to understand algal heat responses and help improve thermotolerance in photosynthetic cells.

HighlightWe revealed the overlooked, dynamic effects of moderate high temperature in algae depending on carbon availability and demonstrated the importance of carbon metabolism in thermotolerance of photosynthetic cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bailey, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mattoon, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.04.519034</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Moderate High Temperature is Beneficial or Detrimental Depending on Carbon Availability in the Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.07.519375v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pleiotropy of autism-associated chromatin regulators 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.07.519375v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene ontology analyses of high confidence autism spectrum disorder (hcASD) risk genes have historically highlighted chromatin regulation and synaptic function as major contributors to pathobiology. Our recent functional work in vivo has additionally implicated microtubule biology and identified disrupted cellular proliferation as a convergent ASD phenotype. As many chromatin regulators, including ASD risk genes ADNP and CHD3, are known to directly regulate both tubulins and histones, we studied the five chromatin regulators most strongly associated with ASD (ADNP, CHD8, CHD2, POGZ, and SUV420H1/KMT5B) specifically with respect to microtubule biology. We observe that all five localize to microtubules of the mitotic spindle in vitro and in vivo. Further in-depth investigation of CHD2 provides evidence that patient-derived mutations lead to a range of microtubule-related phenotypes, including disrupted localization of the protein at the mitotic spindle, spindle defects, cell cycle stalling, DNA damage, and cell death. Lastly, we observe that ASD genetic risk is significantly enriched among microtubule-associated proteins, suggesting broader relevance. Together, these results provide further evidence that the role of tubulin biology and cellular proliferation in ASD warrant further investigation and highlight the pitfalls of relying solely on annotated gene functions in the search for pathological mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lasser, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Law, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drury, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drake, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaltsman, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dea, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bader, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCluskey, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>State, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willsey, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willsey, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.07.519375</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pleiotropy of autism-associated chromatin regulators]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.07.519478v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sleep restores an optimal computational regime in cortical networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.07.519478v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SUMMARYSleep is vitally important for brain function, yet its core restorative process remains an open question. Sleep is assumed to subserve homeostatic processes in the brain because sleep restores functional capacity, and stable function requires compensatory tuning of circuits in the face of experience. However, the set-point around which sleep tunes circuit computation is unknown; for more than four decades, the homeostatic aspect of sleep has been approximated by a heuristic model whose strongest correlate is Slow-wave Activity (SWA). While SWA can indicate sleep pressure, it fails to explain why animals need sleep. In contrast, criticality is a computational regime that optimizes information processing capacity, and is a homeostatically regulated set-point in isocortical circuits. Consistent with the effects of waking, criticality is degraded by experience-dependent plasticity. Whether criticality is the computational set-point of sleep is unknown. To address this question, we evaluated the effects of sleep and wake on emergent dynamics in ensembles of cortical neurons recorded continuously for 10-14 d in freely behaving rats. We show that normal waking experience progressively disrupts criticality, and that sleep functions to restore critical dynamics. Criticality is perturbed in a context-dependent manner depending on behavior and environmental variables, and waking experience is causal in driving these effects. The degree of deviation from criticality is robustly predictive of future sleep/wake behavior, more accurate than SWA, behavioral history, and other neural measures. Our results demonstrate that perturbation and recovery of criticality is a network homeostatic mechanism consistent with the core, restorative function of sleep.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneider, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wessel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hengen, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.07.519478</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sleep restores an optimal computational regime in cortical networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.05.519147v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Small Molecule Screen Identifies Pyrimethamine as an Inhibitor of NRF2-driven Esophageal Hyperplasia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.05.519147v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveNRF2 is a master transcription factor that regulates the stress response. NRF2 is frequently mutated and activated in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), which drives resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Therefore, a great need exists for NRF2 inhibitors for targeted therapy of NRF2high ESCC.

DesignWe performed high-throughput screening of two compound libraries from which hit compounds were further validated in human ESCC cells and a genetically modified mouse model. The mechanism of action of one compound was explored by biochemical assays.

ResultsUsing high-throughput screening of two small molecule compound libraries, we identified 11 hit compounds as potential NRF2 inhibitors with minimal cytotoxicity at specified concentrations. We then validated two of these compounds, pyrimethamine and mitoxantrone, by demonstrating their dose- and time-dependent inhibitory effects on the expression of NRF2 and its target genes in two NRF2Mut human ESCC cells (KYSE70 and KYSE180). RNAseq and qPCR confirmed the suppression of global NRF2 signaling by these two compounds. Mechanistically, pyrimethamine reduced NRF2 half-life by promoting NRF2 ubiquitination and degradation in KYSE70 and KYSE180 cells. Expression of an Nrf2E79Q allele in mouse esophageal epithelium (Sox2CreER;LSL-Nrf2E79Q/+) resulted in an NRF2high phenotype, which included squamous hyperplasia, hyperkeratinization, and hyperactive glycolysis. Treatment with pyrimethamine (30mg/kg/day, p.o.) suppressed the NRF2high esophageal phenotype with no observed toxicity.

ConclusionWe have identified and validated pyrimethamine as an NRF2 inhibitor that may be rapidly tested in the clinic as a radiation and chemotherapy sensitizer for NRF2high ESCC.

SummaryO_ST_ABSWhat is already known on this topic - summarise the state of scientific knowledge on this subject before you did your study and why this study needed to be doneC_ST_ABSO_LIMutational activation of the NRF2 transcription factor drives ESCC progression and therapeutic resistance. Targeted therapies to block NRF2 have not yet been realized, despite great needs.
C_LI

What this study adds - summarise what we now know as a result of this study that we did not know beforeO_LIA screen of >35,000 small molecules identified eleven potential NRF2 inhibitors. Pyrimethamine and mitoxantrone were validated to inhibit the expression of NRF2 and NQO1 in human ESCC cells in both dose- and time-dependent manners.
C_LIO_LIPyrimethamine enhanced NRF2 protein ubiquitination and degradation, resulting a decreased half-life.
C_LIO_LIA genetically modified mouse model was established to express the Nrf2E79Q mutant allele in the mouse esophageal epithelium upon tamoxifen induction. Pyrimethamine suppressed the NRF2high esophageal phenotype induced by the mutant allele.
C_LI

How this study might affect research, practice or policy - summarise the implications of this studyO_LIAs an FDA-approved drug, Pyrimethamine has the potential for immediate translation to a clinical trial on NRF2high ESCC in humans.
C_LIO_LIFurther exploration of its mechanisms of action may lead to more potent NRF2 inhibitors for future use.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Paiboonrungruang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chembo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Livingston, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frank, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weissman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Major, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.05.519147</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Small Molecule Screen Identifies Pyrimethamine as an Inhibitor of NRF2-driven Esophageal Hyperplasia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.05.519156v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The build-up of the present-day tropical diversity of tetrapods 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.05.519156v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The extraordinary number of species in the tropics when compared to the extra-tropics is probably the most prominent and consistent pattern in biogeography, suggesting that overarching processes regulate this diversity gradient. A major challenge to characterizing which processes are at play relies on quantifying how the frequency and determinants of tropical and extra-tropical speciation, extinction and dispersal events shaped evolutionary radiations. We address this question by developing and applying spatio-temporal phylogenetic and paleontological models of diversification for tetrapod species incorporating paleoenvironmental variation. Our phylogenetic model results show that area, energy or species richness did not uniformly affect speciation rates across tetrapods and dispute expectations of a latitudinal gradient in speciation rates. Instead, both neontological and fossil evidence coincide in underscoring the role of extra-tropical extinctions and the outflow of tropical species in shaping biodiversity. These diversification dynamics accurately predict present-day levels of species richness across latitudes and uncover temporal idiosyncrasies but spatial generality across the major tetrapod radiations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Quintero, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landis, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jetz, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MORLON, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.05.519156</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The build-up of the present-day tropical diversity of tetrapods]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.08.517760v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ERK1/2 Activation in Macrophages Promotes Leishmania Internalization and Pathogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.08.517760v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The obligate intracellular protozoan parasite Leishmania binds several host cell receptors to trigger its uptake by phagocytic cells, ultimately resulting in visceral or cutaneous leishmaniasis. After Leishmania engages receptors on macrophages and other phagocytes, a series of signaling pathways in the host cell are activated during its internalization, which are critical for establishment and persistence of Leishmania infection. Thus, preventing Leishmania internalization by phagocytes could be a novel therapeutic strategy for leishmaniasis. However, the host cellular machinery that mediates promastigote and amastigote uptake is not well understood. Here, using small molecule inhibitors of Mitogen-activated protein kinases/Extracellular signal regulated kinases (MAPK/ERK), we demonstrate that ERK1/2 mediates Leishmania amazonensis uptake and (to a lesser extent) phagocytosis of beads by macrophages. We find that inhibition of MEK1/2 or ERK1/2 leads to inefficient amastigote uptake by macrophages. Moreover, using inhibitors and primary macrophages lacking spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) or Abl family kinases, we show that SYK and Abl family kinases mediate Raf, MEK, and ERK1/2 activity and are necessary for efficient uptake. Finally, we demonstrate that trametinib, a MEK1/2 inhibitor used clinically to treat certain cancers, significantly reduces disease severity and parasite burden in Leishmania-infected mice, even if it is started significantly after lesions develop. Our results show that maximal Leishmania infection requires MAPK/ERK and highlight the potential for MAPK/ERK-mediated signaling pathways to be novel therapeutic targets for leishmaniasis.

Lay summaryLeishmania is a single-celled parasite that causes skin ulcers or a disseminated disease in humans. Our goal is to identify new drugs to treat Leishmania infection. Leishmania must live inside human immune cells to cause disease. If Leishmania is not able to enter human immune cells, it dies. Our studies demonstrate how Leishmania infection permits a set of proteins called MAP kinases to pass signals from one protein to the next within mammalian immune cells. The resulting signals allow Leishmania to enter into these immune cells and survive within its host. Importantly, trametinib, a drug that prevents these signals from MAP kinases, decreases the development of skin ulcers when it is given to mice that are infected with Leishmania. Our findings suggest that leishmaniasis could be treated with drugs that act on kinases found in humans rather than the parasites themselves.

One sentence summaryAn Abl2-SYK-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway facilitates Leishmania uptake by phagocytic cells and promotes disease severity in Leishmania-infected mice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barrie, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Floyd, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Datta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wetzel, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.08.517760</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ERK1/2 Activation in Macrophages Promotes Leishmania Internalization and Pathogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.08.519701v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neisseria gonorrhoeae co-opts C4b-binding protein to enhance complement-independent survival from neutrophils 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.08.519701v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gc) is a human-specific pathogen that causes the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea. Gc survives in neutrophil-rich gonorrheal secretions, and recovered bacteria predominantly express phase-variable, surface-expressed opacity-associated (Opa) proteins (Opa+). However, expression of Opa proteins like OpaD decreases Gc survival when exposed to human neutrophils ex vivo. Here, we made the unexpected observation that incubation with normal human serum, which is found in inflamed mucosal secretions, enhances survival of Opa+ Gc from primary human neutrophils. We directly linked this phenomenon to a novel complement-independent function for C4b-binding protein (C4BP). When bound to the bacteria, C4BP was necessary and sufficient to suppress Gc-induced neutrophil reactive oxygen species production and prevent neutrophil phagocytosis of Opa+ Gc. This research identifies for the first time a complement-independent role for C4BP in enhancing the survival of a pathogenic bacterium from phagocytes, thereby revealing how Gc exploits inflammatory conditions to persist at human mucosal surfaces.

Author SummaryGonorrhea is considered an urgent threat to public health with an estimated 98 million cases occurring annually worldwide, growing antimicrobial resistance, and the absence of a gonococcal vaccine. Currently, we do not understand how N. gonorrhoeae expressing opacity (Opa) proteins survive neutrophil defenses and are recovered viable from infected patients. Here, we investigated how soluble elements of gonorrhea infection, present in human serum, contribute to N. gonorrhoeae survival from neutrophils. We found that the serum component C4b-binding protein (C4BP) protects N. gonorrhoeae from neutrophil killing and suppresses neutrophil activation. C4BP limited neutrophil phagocytosis of N. gonorrhoeae that expressed Opa proteins that bound to neutrophil receptors of the CEACAM family. This work provides novel insight into the interplay between the noncellular and cellular aspects of the innate immune response to N. gonorrhoeae.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Werner, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alcott, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohlin, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ray, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belcher Dufrisne, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smirnov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Columbus, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blom, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Criss, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.08.519701</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neisseria gonorrhoeae co-opts C4b-binding protein to enhance complement-independent survival from neutrophils]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.09.519791v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Frequent first-trimester pregnancy loss in rhesus macaques infected with African-lineage Zika virus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.09.519791v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the 2016 Zika virus (ZIKV) pandemic, a previously unrecognized risk of birth defects surfaced in babies whose mothers were infected with Asian-lineage ZIKV during pregnancy. Less is known about the impacts of gestational African-lineage ZIKV infections. Given high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) burdens in regions where African-lineage ZIKV circulates, we evaluated whether pregnant rhesus macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) have a higher risk of African-lineage ZIKV-associated birth defects. Remarkably, in both SIV+ and SIV-animals, ZIKV infection early in the first trimester caused a high incidence (78%) of spontaneous pregnancy loss within 20 days. These findings suggest a significant risk for early pregnancy loss associated with African-lineage ZIKV infection and provide the first consistent ZIKV-associated phenotype in macaques for testing medical countermeasures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rosinski, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raasch, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barros Tiburcio, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breitbach, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shepherd, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamamoto, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Razo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krabbe, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bliss, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richardson, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Einwalter, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiler, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sneed, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuchs, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noguchi, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morgan, T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alberts, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antony, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spanton, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kabakov, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ausderau, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bohm, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pritchard, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ver Hoeve, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spanton, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nork, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katz, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasmussen, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mejia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simmons, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eickhoff, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedrich, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aliota, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohr, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dudley, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Connor, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>N</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.09.519791</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Frequent first-trimester pregnancy loss in rhesus macaques infected with African-lineage Zika virus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.08.519689v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiomic Profiling Reveals Metabolic Alterations Mediating Aberrant Platelet Activity and Inflammation in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.08.519689v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Platelets from patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) exhibit a hyperreactive phenotype. Here, we found elevated P-selectin exposure and platelet-leukocyte aggregates indicating activation of platelets from essential thrombocythemia (ET) patients. Single cell RNA-seq analysis of primary samples revealed significant enrichment of transcripts related to platelet activation, mTOR and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in ET patient platelets. These observations were validated via proteomic profiling. Platelet metabolomics revealed distinct metabolic phenotypes consisting of elevated ATP generation, accompanied by increases in the levels of multiple intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, but lower alpha-ketoglutarate (-KG) in MPN patients. Inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling significantly reduced metabolic responses and hyperreactivity in MPN patient platelets, while -KG supplementation markedly reduced oxygen consumption and ATP generation. Ex vivo incubation of platelets from both MPN patients and Jak2 V617F mice with -KG significantly reduced platelet activation responses. Oral -KG supplementation of Jak2 V617F mice decreased splenomegaly and reduced hematocrit, monocyte and platelet counts. Finally, -KG incubation significantly decreased proinflammatory cytokine secretion from MPN CD14+ monocytes. Our results reveal a previously unrecognized metabolic disorder in conjunction with aberrant PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, contributing to platelet hyperreactivity in MPN patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laranjeira, A. B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>kong, t.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bark, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lasky, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisher, D. A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cox, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fulbright, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sykes, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DAlessandro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Paola, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.08.519689</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiomic Profiling Reveals Metabolic Alterations Mediating Aberrant Platelet Activity and Inflammation in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.08.519654v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ecological drivers and evolutionary consequences of torpor in Andean hummingbirds 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.08.519654v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Daily torpor allows endotherms to save energy during energetically stressful (e.g., cold) conditions. Although studies on avian torpor have mostly been conducted under laboratory conditions, information on the usage of torpor in the wild is limited to few, predominantly temperate-zone species. We studied torpor under seminatural conditions from 249 individuals from 29 hummingbird species across a 1,920 m elevational gradient in the western Andes of Colombia using cloacal thermistors. Small birds used torpor more often than large birds, but only at low ambient temperatures, where torpor was prolonged. We also found effects of proxy variables for body condition and energy expenditure on the use of torpor, its characteristics, and impacts. Our results suggest that judicious deployment and subtle modifications of torpor, as well as phylogenetic variation in propensity for torpor, have allowed only certain clades of hummingbirds to colonize and persist in the harsh climate of the high Andes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hernandez, D. C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baldwin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Londono, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.08.519654</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ecological drivers and evolutionary consequences of torpor in Andean hummingbirds]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.10.519861v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phantasus: web-application for visual and interactive gene expression analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.10.519861v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcriptomic profiling became a standard approach to quantify a cell state, which led to accumulation of huge amount of public gene expression datasets. However, both reuse of these datasets or analysis of newly generated ones requires a significant technical expertise. Here we present Phantasus - a user-friendly web-application for interactive gene expression analysis which provide a streamlined access to more than 84000 public gene expression datasets, as well as allows analysis of user-uploaded datasets. Phantasus integrates an intuitive and highly interactive JavaScript-based heatmap interface with an ability to run sophisticated R-based analysis methods. Overall Phantasus allows to go all the way from loading, normalizing and filtering data to doing differential gene expression and downstream analysis. Phantasus can be accessed on-line at https://ctlab.itmo.ru/phantasus or https://artyomovlab.wustl.edu/phantasus or can be installed locally from Bioconductor (https://bioconductor.org/packages/phantasus). Phantasus source code is available at https://github.com/ctlab/phantasus under MIT licence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kleverov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zenkova, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamenev, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sablina, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Artyomov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sergushichev, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.10.519861</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phantasus: web-application for visual and interactive gene expression analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.10.519896v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Awake Hippocampal-Cortical Co-reactivation Is Associated with Forgetting 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.10.519896v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Systems consolidation theories posit that consolidation occurs primarily through a coordinated communication between hippocampus and neocortex (McClelland and OReilly 1995; Kumaran et al., 2016; Moscovitch and Gilboa, 2022). Recent sleep studies in rodents have shown that hippocampus and visual cortex replay the same information at temporal proximity ("co-replay") (Ji & Wilson, 2007; Lansink et al., 2009; Wierzynski et al., 2009; Peyrache et al., 2009). We developed a novel TR-based co-reactivation (TRCR) analysis method to study hippocampal-cortical co-replays in humans using functional MRI. Thirty-six young adults completed an image (face or scene)-location paired associate encoding task in the scanner, which were preceded and followed by resting state scans. We identified post-encoding rest TRs (+/- 1) that showed neural reactivation of each image-location trials in both hippocampus (HPC) and category-selective cortex (fusiform face area, FFA). This allowed us to characterize temporally proximal coordinated reactivations ("co-reactivations") between HPC and FFA. Moreover, we found that increased HPC-FFA co-reactivations were associated with incorrectly recognized trials after a 1-week delay (p = 0.004). Finally, we found that these HPC-FFA co-reactivations were also associated with trials that were initially correctly recognized immediately after encoding but were later forgotten in 1-day (p = 0.043) and 1-week delay period (p = 0.031). We discuss these results from a trace transformation perspective (Winocur and Moscovitch, 2011; Sekeres et al., 2018) and speculate that HPC-FFA co-reactivations may be integrating related events, at the expense of disrupting event-specific details, hence leading to forgetting.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tanriverdi, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cowan, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metoki, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jobson, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murty, V. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chein, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, I. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.10.519896</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Awake Hippocampal-Cortical Co-reactivation Is Associated with Forgetting]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.12.519838v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multimodal Imaging-Based Classification of PTSD Using Data-Driven Computational Approaches: A Multisite Big Data Study from the ENIGMA-PGC PTSD Consortium 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.12.519838v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundCurrent clinical assessments of Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) rely solely on subjective symptoms and experiences reported by the patient, rather than objective biomarkers of the illness. Recent advances in data-driven computational approaches have been helpful in devising tools to objectively diagnose psychiatric disorders. Here we aimed to classify individuals with PTSD versus controls using heterogeneous brain datasets from the ENIGMA-PGC PTSD Working group.

MethodsWe analyzed brain MRI data from 3,527 structural-MRI; 2,502 resting state-fMRI; and 1,953 diffusion-MRI. First, we identified the brain features that best distinguish individuals with PTSD from controls (TEHC and HC) using traditional machine learning methods. Second, we assessed the utility of the denoising variational autoencoder (DVAE) and evaluated its classification performance. Third, we assessed the generalizability and reproducibility of both models using leave-one-site-out cross-validation procedure for each modality.

ResultsWe found lower performance in classifying PTSD vs. controls with data from over 20 sites (60% test AUC for s-MRI, 59% for rs-fMRI and 56% for d-MRI), as compared to other studies run on single-site data. The performance increased when classifying PTSD from HC without trauma history across all three modalities (75% AUC). The classification performance remained intact when applying the DVAE framework, which reduced the number of features. Finally, we found that the DVAE framework achieved better generalization to unseen datasets compared with the traditional machine learning frameworks, albeit performance was slightly above chance.

ConclusionOur findings highlight the promise offered by machine learning methods for the diagnosis of patients with PTSD. The utility of brain biomarkers across three MRI modalities and the contribution of DVAE models for improving generalizability offers new insights into neural mechanisms involved in PTSD.

Significance Classifying PTSD from trauma-unexposed healthy controls (HC) using three imaging modalities performed well ([~]75% AUC), but performance suffered markedly when classifying PTSD from trauma-exposed healthy controls (TEHC) using three imaging modalities ([~]60% AUC).
 Using deep learning for feature reduction (denoising variational auto-encoder; DVAE) dramatically reduced the number of features with no concomitant performance degradation.
 Utilizing denoising variational autoencoder (DVAE) models improves generalizability across heterogeneous multi-site data compared with the traditional machine learning frameworks
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravid, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suarez-Jimenez, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zilcha-Mano, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazarov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdallah, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angstadt, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Averill, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baird, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baugh, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blackford, J. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bomyea, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruce, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bryant, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cisler, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cotton, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniels, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davenport, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeBellis, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dennis, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Densmore, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>deRoon-Cassini, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Disner, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El Hage, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Etkin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fani, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fercho, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitzgerald, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forster, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frijling, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geuze, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonenc, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruber, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grupe, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guenette, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haswell, C. C</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.12.519838</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multimodal Imaging-Based Classification of PTSD Using Data-Driven Computational Approaches: A Multisite Big Data Study from the ENIGMA-PGC PTSD Consortium]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.13.520314v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Conditional deletion of LRRC8A in the brain protects against stroke damage independently of effect on swelling-activated glutamate release 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.13.520314v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ubiquitous volume-regulated anion channels (VRACs), which are composed of LRRC8 proteins, facilitate cell volume homeostasis, and contribute to many other physiological processes. Prior studies demonstrated that treatment with non-specific VRAC blockers, or brain-specific deletion of the essential VRAC subunit LRRC8A, are highly protective in rodent stroke. In this work, we tested the widely accepted idea that harmful effects of VRACs in the brain are mediated by pathological release of the excitatory transmitter glutamate. We used two molecular genetic strategies to ablate LRRC8A expression in either brain astrocytes only (inducible deletion of Lrrc8aflox/flox with Aldh1l1CreERT2) or the majority of brain cells (neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes with NestinCre). To produce stroke, genetically modified mice were subjected to a 40-minute occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. The inducible deletion of astrocytic LRRC8A yielded no histological or behavioral protection. In contrast, the brain-wide LRRC8A knockout reduced ischemic infarction by ~50% in both heterozygotes (Het) and the full Lrrc8a knockout (KO) as compared to the control Lrrc8aflox/+ genotype. However, despite identical brain damage, Het and KO mice dramatically differed in their VRAC activities. Het mice had full swelling-activated glutamate release, while KO animals showed its virtual absence. These new findings refute the notion that VRAC-mediated glutamate release plays significant role in ischemic brain injury.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Balkaya, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dohare, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schober, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fidaleo, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nalwalk, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sah, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mongin, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.13.520314</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Conditional deletion of LRRC8A in the brain protects against stroke damage independently of effect on swelling-activated glutamate release]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.13.520219v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enhanced survival and low proliferation marks multifunctional virus specific memory CD4 T cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.13.520219v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cytokine production by memory T cells is a key mechanism of T cell mediated protection. However, we have a limited understanding of the survival and secondary responses of memory T cells with cytokine producing capacities. We interrogate antigen-specific CD4 T cells using a mouse influenza A virus infection model. CD4 T cells with the capacity to produce cytokines survive better than non-cytokine+ cells, displaying a low fold contraction and expressing high levels of pro-survival molecules, CD127 and Bcl2. Transcriptomic analysis reveals a heterogenous population of memory CD4 T cells with three clusters of cytokine+ cells. These clusters match flow cytometry data revealing an enhanced survival signature in cells capable of producing multiple cytokines. These multifunctional cells are, however, less likely to proliferate during and following primary and secondary infections. Despite this, multifunctional memory T cells form a substantial fraction of the secondary memory pool, indicating that survival rather than proliferation may dictate which populations survive within the memory pool.



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=86 SRC="FIGDIR/small/520219v3_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (22K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@93e62forg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1ed2444org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1e7f79borg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@30e31d_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG O_FLOATNOGraphical AbstractC_FLOATNO C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Westerhof, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noonan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hargrave, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chimbayo, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Purnell, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borcherding, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacLeod, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.13.520219</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enhanced survival and low proliferation marks multifunctional virus specific memory CD4 T cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.16.520797v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Motion Impact Score for Detecting Spurious Brain-Behavior Associations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.16.520797v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Between-participant differences in head motion introduce systematic bias to resting state fMRI brain-wide association studies (BWAS) that is not completely removed by denoising algorithms. Researchers who study traits, or phenotypes associated with in-scanner head motion (e.g. psychiatric disorders) need to know if trait-functional connectivity (FC) effects are biased by residual motion artifact in order to avoid reporting false positive results. We devised an adaptable method, Split Half Analysis of Motion Associated Networks (SHAMAN), to assign a motion impact score to specific trait-FC effects. The SHAMAN approach distinguishes between motion artifact causing overestimation or underestimation of trait-FC effects. SHAMAN was > 95% specific at sample sizes of n = 100 and above. SHAMAN was powered to detect motion overestimation scores 80% of the time at sample sizes of n = 5,000 but could detect motion underestimation scores only 50% of the time at n = 5000, making it most useful for researchers seeking to avoid overestimating trait-FC effects in large BWAS. We computed motion impact scores for trait-FC effect with 45 demographic, biophysical, cognitive, and personality traits from n = 7,270 participants in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. After standard denoising with ABCD-BIDS and without motion censoring, 42% (19/45) of traits had significant (p < 0.05) motion overestimation scores and 38% (17/45) of traits had significant motion underestimation scores. Censoring at framewise displacement (FD) < 0.2 mm reduced the proportion of traits with significant motion overestimation scores from 42% to 2% (1/45) but did not decrease the number of traits with significant motion underestimation scores.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kay, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montez, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tervo-Clemmens, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siegel, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adeyemo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laumann, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metoki, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chauvin, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krimmel, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newbold, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seider, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheidter, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monk, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feczko, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Randolph, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miranda Dominguez, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perrone, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conan, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Earl, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malone, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cordova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doyle, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lynch, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilgenbusch, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pengo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graham, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roland, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snyder, A. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barch, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fair, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dosenbach, N. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.16.520797</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Motion Impact Score for Detecting Spurious Brain-Behavior Associations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.16.519611v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A patterned human heart tube organoid model generated by pluripotent stem cell self-assembly 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.16.519611v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human pluripotent stem cells can recapitulate significant features of mammalian organ development in vitro, including key aspects of heart development. We hypothesized that the organoids thus created can be made substantially more relevant by mimicking aspects of in utero gestation, leading to higher physiological and anatomical resemblance to their in vivo counterparts. Here, we report steps towards generating developmentally inspired maturation methodologies to differentiate early human heart organoids into patterned heart-tube-like structures in a reproducible and high-throughput fashion by complete self-organization. The maturation strategy consists of the controlled and stepwise exposure to metabolic (glucose, fatty acids) and hormonal signals (T3, IGF-1) as present during early heart development. These conditions elicit important transcriptomic, cellular, morphological, metabolomic, and functional changes over a 10-day period consistent with continuously increasing heart complexity, maturation, and patterning. Our data reveals the emergence of atrial and ventricular cardiomyocyte populations, valvular cells, epicardial cells, proepicardial-derived cells, endothelial cells, stromal cells, conductance cells, and cardiac progenitors, all of them cell types present in the primitive heart tube. Anatomically, the organoids elongate and develop well-differentiated atrial and ventricular chambers with compacted myocardial muscle walls and a proepicardial organ. For the first time in a completely self-organizing heart organoid, we show anterior-posterior patterning due to an endogenous retinoic acid gradient originating at the atrial pole, where proepicardial and atrial populations reside, mimicking the developmental process present within the primitive heart tube. Collectively, these findings highlight the ability of self-organization and developmental maturation strategies to recapitulate human heart development. Our patterned human heart tube model constitutes a powerful in vitro tool for dissecting the role of different cell types and genes in human heart development, as well as disease modeling congenital heart defects, and represents a step forward in creating fully synthetic human hearts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Volmert, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguirre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riggs, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juhong, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiselev, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kostina, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Hern, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muniyandi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wasserman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis-Israeli, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.16.519611</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A patterned human heart tube organoid model generated by pluripotent stem cell self-assembly]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.19.520461v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A high-impact COL6A3 mutation alters the response of chondrocytes in neo-cartilage organoids to hyper-physiologic mechanical loading 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.19.520461v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectivesThe etiology of osteoarthritis revolves around the interplay between genetic predisposition and perturbing environmental cues, such as mechanical stress. The pericellular matrix, with its hallmark proteins collagen type VI and fibronectin, surrounds chondrocytes and is critical in transducing the biomechanical cues. The objective is to study the functional effects of an OA disease-risk mutation in COL6A3 in interaction with hyper-physiological mechanical cues in a tailored human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived cartilage organoid model.

MethodTo identify pathogenic OA mutations exome sequencing in symptomatic OA patients was performed. To study functional effects, CRISPR-Cas9 genome engineering was used to introduce the mutation in our established human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived in-vitro neo-cartilage organoid model in interaction with hyper-physiological mechanical loading conditions.

ResultsA high-impact mutation in COL6A3 was identified that resulted in significantly lower binding between the PCM proteins COLVI and fibronectin (FN) and provoked an osteoarthritic chondrocyte state. Moreover, aberrant function of the PCM, secondary to the COL6A3 mutation, abolished the initial stress responses marked particularly by upregulation of PTGS2 encoding cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), after hyper-physiological mechanical loading conditions.

ConclusionThese findings demonstrate that ablating the characteristic transient COX-2 response after injurious mechanical cues may have a direct negative impact on chondrocyte health.

What is already knownO_LIThe etiology of osteoarthritis revolves around the interplay between genetic predisposition and perturbing environmental cues, such as mechanical stress.
C_LIO_LIThe pericellular matrix, with its hallmark proteins collagen type VI and fibronectin, surrounds the chondrocytes and is critical in transducing biomechanical cues from the extracellular matrix to chondrocytes henceforth it determines the chondrocyte mechanical environment.
C_LIO_LIThe mechanical environment of the chondrocytes is a critical factor that influences chondrocyte health as it determines the balance between synthesis and degradation of the articular cartilage extracellular matrix.
C_LI

What this study addsO_LIA sustainable human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived in-vitro neo-cartilage organoid model that is tailored to study detailed biologic effects of mechanical cues to chondrocytes.
C_LIO_LIAn OA disease-risk mutation in COL6A3 reduces the binding between collagen type VI to fibronectin and provoked an osteoarthritic chondrocyte state.
C_LIO_LIUpon hyper-physiological mechanical loading, aberrant function of the pericellular matrix, secondary to the COL6A3 mutation, ablates the initial transient inflammatory response, characterized particularly by PTGS2 encoding cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2).
C_LI

How this study might affect research practice or policyO_LIInhibiting COX-2, as an important transient inflammatory response after hyper-physiological mechanical cues, could worsen the loss of structural integrity of the cartilage in osteoarthritis patients. Henceforth, prescription of COX-2 inhibitors as pain treatment for OA patients should be reconsidered.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bloks, N. G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harissa, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adkar, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dicks, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hajmousa, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steward, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koning, R. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mulder, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Koning, B. B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kloppenburg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coutinho de Almeida, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramos, Y. F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guilak, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meulenbelt, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.19.520461</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A high-impact COL6A3 mutation alters the response of chondrocytes in neo-cartilage organoids to hyper-physiologic mechanical loading]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.21.521400v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NEK7 activates the NLRP1 Inflammasome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.21.521400v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inflammasomes including those assembled by NLRP1 and NLRP3 regulate the innate immune system by inducing interleukin (IL)-1{beta} and IL-18 maturation. Inflammasomes are functionally regulated by post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation. The current paradigm posits that NEK7 is the essential and seletive activator of NLRP3; whether this kinase interacts with NLRP3 structurally-related member, NLRP1, has never been explored. Here, we find that NEK7 binds to NLRP1 and promotes its activation independently of NLRP3. IL-1{beta} maturation induced by NLRP1 or NLRP3 inflammasome activators, but not those of the NLRC4 or AIM2 inflammasome is impared in Nek7 deficient cells. This discovery expands the spectrum of NEK7 actions in the regulation of inflammasome pathways.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Muela-Zarzuela, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallardo-Orihuela, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pino-Angeles, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suarez-Rivero, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boy-Ruiz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Gregorio-Procopio, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oroz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mbalaviele, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cordero, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.21.521400</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NEK7 activates the NLRP1 Inflammasome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.22.521698v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deep Generative Design of Epitope-Specific Binding Proteins by Latent Conformation Optimization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.22.521698v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWDesigning de novo binding proteins against arbitrary epitopes using a single scaffold, as seen with natural antibodies, remains an unsolved challenge in protein design. Current design methods are unable to capture the structural dynamics of flexible loops nor search loop conformational space in a principled way. Here we present Sculptor, a deep generative design algorithm that creates epitope-specific protein binders. The Sculptor algorithm constitutes a joint search over the positions, interactions, and generated conformations of a fold, and crafts a backbone to complement a user-specified epitope. Sequences are designed onto generated backbones using a combination of a residue-wise interaction database, a convolutional sequence design module, and Rosetta. Instead of relying on static structures, we capture the local conformational landscape of a single fold using molecular dynamics, and demonstrate that a model trained on such dense conformational data can generate backbones tailor-fit to an epitope. We use Sculptor to design binders against a conserved epitope on venom toxins implicated in neuromuscular paralysis, and obtain a multi-toxin binder from a small naive library - a promising step towards creating broadly neutralizing binders. This study constitutes a novel application of deep generative modeling for epitope-targeted design, leveraging conformational dynamics to achieve function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Eguchi, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choe, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parekh, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khalek, I. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ward, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vithani, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jardine, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.22.521698</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deep Generative Design of Epitope-Specific Binding Proteins by Latent Conformation Optimization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.23.521824v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RanGTP regulates the augmin complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.23.521824v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spindles are composed of microtubules that must nucleate at the right place and time during mitosis. Spindle microtubule nucleation is regulated by the GTPase Ran, which, through importin-{beta}, releases a gradient of spindle assembly factors (SAFs) centered at chromosomes. Branching MT nucleation generates most spindle MTs and requires the augmin complex. In Xenopus laevis, Ran can control branching through the SAF TPX2, TPX2 is non-essential in other organisms. Thus, how Ran regulates branching MT nucleation in the absence of TPX2 is unknown. Here, we use in vitro pulldowns and TIRF microscopy to show that augmin is itself a SAF. Augmin directly interacts with both importins through two nuclear localization sequences on the Haus8 subunit, which overlap the MT binding site. Moreover, Ran controls localization of augmin to MTs in both Xenopus egg extract and in vitro. By uncovering that RanGTP directly regulates augmin, we demonstrate how Ran controls branching MT nucleation and, thereby, spindle assembly and cell division.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kraus, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Travis, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petry, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.23.521824</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RanGTP regulates the augmin complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.28.522140v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Crystal structure of the Arabidopsis SPIRAL2 C-terminal domain reveals a p80-Katanin-like domain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.28.522140v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Epidermal cells of dark-grown plant seedlings reorient their cortical microtubule arrays in response to blue light from a net lateral orientation to a net longitudinal orientation with respect to the long axis of cells. The molecular mechanism underlying this microtubule array reorientation involves katanin, a microtubule severing enzyme, and a plant-specific microtubule associated protein called SPIRAL2. Katanin preferentially severs longitudinal microtubules, generating seeds that amplify the longitudinal array. Upon severing, SPIRAL2 binds nascent microtubule minus ends and limits their dynamics, thereby stabilizing the longitudinal array while the lateral array undergoes net depolymerization. To date, no experimental structural information is available for SPIRAL2 to help inform its mechanism. To gain insight into SPIRAL2 structure and function, we determined a 1.8 [A] resolution crystal structure of the Arabidopsis thaliana SPIRAL2 C-terminal domain. The domain is composed of seven core -helices, arranged in an -solenoid. Amino-acid sequence conservation maps primarily to one face of the domain involving helices 1, 3, 5, and an extended loop, the 6-7 loop. The domain fold is similar to, yet structurally distinct from the C-terminal domain of Ge-1 (an mRNA decapping complex factor involved in P-body localization) and, surprisingly, the C-terminal domain of the katanin p80 regulatory subunit. The katanin p80 C-terminal domain heterodimerizes with the MIT domain of the katanin p60 catalytic subunit, and in metazoans, binds the microtubule minus-end factors CAMSAP3 and ASPM. Structural analysis predicts that SPIRAL2 does not engage katanin p60 in a mode homologous to katanin p80. The SPIRAL2 structure highlights an interesting evolutionary convergence of domain architecture and microtubule minus-end localization between SPIRAL2 and katanin complexes, and establishes a foundation upon which structure-function analysis can be conducted to elucidate the role of this domain in the regulation of plant microtubule arrays.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bolhuis, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixit, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slep, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.28.522140</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Crystal structure of the Arabidopsis SPIRAL2 C-terminal domain reveals a p80-Katanin-like domain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.29.522180v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deficiency in Galectin-3, -8, and -9 impairs immunity to chronic Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection but not acute infection with multiple intracellular pathogens 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.29.522180v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Macrophages employ an array of pattern recognition receptors to detect and eliminate intracellular pathogens that access the cytosol. The cytosolic carbohydrate sensors Galectin-3, -8, and -9 (Gal-3, Gal-8, and Gal-9) recognize damaged pathogen-containing phagosomes, and Gal-3 and Gal-8 are reported to restrict bacterial growth via autophagy in cultured cells. However, the contribution of these galectins to host resistance during bacterial infection remains unclear. We found that Gal-9 binds directly to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (Stm) and localizes to Mtb in macrophages. To determine the combined contribution of membrane damage-sensing galectins to immunity in vivo, we generated Gal-3, -8, and - 9 triple knockout (TKO) mice. Mtb infection of primary macrophages from TKO mice resulted in defective lysosomal trafficking but normal bacterial replication. Surprisingly, these mice had no discernable defect in resistance to acute infection with Mtb, Stm or Listeria monocytogenes, and had only modest impairments in bacterial growth restriction and CD4 T cell activation during chronic Mtb infection. Collectively, these findings indicate that while Gal-3, -8, and -9 respond to an array of intracellular pathogens, together these membrane damage-sensing galectins play a limited role in host resistance to bacterial infection.

Author SummaryIntracellular bacterial pathogens cause many of the worlds most deadly infectious diseases. A common requirement for nearly all intracellular pathogens is the ability to damage the endomembrane compartments in which they reside, which allows pathogens access to the nutrient-rich cytosol of the host. However, membrane damage also creates a "pattern of pathogenesis" that triggers antimicrobial immune responses. Galectin-3, -8, and -9 (Gal-3, Gal-8, and Gal-9) act as a surveillance system for membrane damage and Gal-3 and Gal-8 inhibit bacterial growth by activating autophagy, a cellular pathway that can capture cytosolic bacteria and degrade them in lysosomes. Membrane damage-sensing galectins were hypothesized to promote bacterial killing during acute infection yet their role in the immune response of an infected animal remains unclear. Here, we show that mice deficient for Gal-3, -8, and -9 had no defects in resistance to acute infection with the pathogens Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), and were only modestly susceptible to chronic Mtb infection. Our data suggest that Gal-3, -8 and -9 are not critical for innate immune responses during acute infection and may play a more prominent role in the adaptive immune response. These results broaden our understanding of the role of membrane damage-sensing pathways in host defense against bacterial infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Morrison, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Craft, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivera-Lugo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golovkine, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dodd, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Dis, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beatty, W. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Margolis, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Repasy, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaker, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vance, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stanley, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krogan, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Portnoy, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penn, B. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cox, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.29.522180</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deficiency in Galectin-3, -8, and -9 impairs immunity to chronic Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection but not acute infection with multiple intracellular pathogens]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.29.522258v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evaluating the efficacy of commercially available antisense oligonucleotides to reduce mouse and human tau in vivo 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.29.522258v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tauopathies, including Alzheimers disease (AD), are neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the accumulation of tau protein encoded by the MAPT (Microtubule Associated Protein Tau) gene. Various strategies targeting mechanisms to reduce tau pathology have been proposed and several tau-directed therapies are being investigated in clinical trials. Our lab previously developed a novel strategy to lower tau protein levels using antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), showing that human tau (hTau) reduction in aged PS19 tauopathy mice reversed phosphorylated tau pathology, spared neurons, and prolonged survival. Currently, the tau-lowering ASO is being evaluated in the clinical trials with successful phase 1b results. Similarly, preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the use of other ASOs as effective therapeutic strategies. Acquiring ASOs for research purposes may be limited by partnerships with pharmaceutical companies. However, ASOs can be obtained through commercial vendors. The current study evaluates the efficacy of mouse and human tau-targeting ASOs obtained from a commercial vendor in various mouse models. We show that mice treated with purchased ASOs distribute among various brain cell types including neurons, microglia, and astrocytes. Mice treated with tau lowering ASOs show decreased mouse or human tau mRNA and protein levels. In addition, human tau lowering ASO-treated PS19 mice showed decreased phosphorylated tau (AT8) and gliosis relative to saline-treated PS19 mice. The results obtained in PS19 mice are consistent with data obtained from our previous study using a non-commercial tau-lowering ASO. Overall, the present study demonstrates the efficacy of commercially-available tau targeting ASOs in vivo to support their broad use by researchers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vemula, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schoch, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.29.522258</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evaluating the efficacy of commercially available antisense oligonucleotides to reduce mouse and human tau in vivo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.29.522164v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Starvation sensing by mycobacterial RelA/SpoT homologue through constitutive surveillance of translation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.29.522164v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The stringent response, which leads to persistence of nutrient-starved mycobacteria, is induced by activation of the RelA/SpoT homologue (Rsh) upon entry of a deacylated-tRNA in a translating ribosome. However, the mechanism by which Rsh identifies such ribosomes in vivo remains unclear. Here, we show that conditions inducing ribosome hibernation result in loss of intracellular Rsh in a Clp protease-dependent manner. This loss is also observed in non-starved cells using mutations in Rsh that block its interaction with the ribosome, indicating that Rsh association with the ribosome is important for Rsh stability. The cryo-EM structure of the Rsh-bound 70S ribosome in a translation initiation complex reveals unknown interactions between the ACT domain of Rsh and components of the ribosomal L7/L12-stalk base, suggesting that the aminoacylation status of A-site tRNA is surveyed during the first cycle of elongation. Altogether, we propose a surveillance model of Rsh activation that originates from its constitutive interaction with the ribosomes entering the translation cycle.

SignificanceBacteria persist under nutrient starvation by activating RelA/SpoT homologue (Rsh), which synthesizes a growth regulating alarmone, ppGpp. Rsh is activated specifically upon recognizing a translation elongation complex with deacylated tRNA at the A-site. It is however unclear how Rsh identifies such a complex in vivo. We show here that conditions inducing ribosome hibernation in mycobacteria cause loss of intracellular Rsh, implying that association with translating ribosomes is necessary for intracellular stability of Rsh. Using structural analysis of Rsh-bound 70S translation initiation complex, we propose here that mycobacterial Rsh identifies a Rsh-activating ribosomal complex by constitutively surveying the ribosome entering the translation cycle at the early elongation stage.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Majumdar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Treen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corro, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gamper, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manjari, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prusa, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banavali, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stallings, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, Y.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agrawal, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ojha, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.29.522164</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Starvation sensing by mycobacterial RelA/SpoT homologue through constitutive surveillance of translation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.29.522232v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predicting regulators of epithelial cell state through regularized regression analysis of single cell multiomic sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.29.522232v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chronic disease processes are marked by cell-specific transcriptomic and epigenomic changes. Single nucleus joint RNA- and ATAC-seq offers an opportunity to study the gene regulatory networks underpinning these changes in order to identify key regulatory drivers. We developed a regularized regression approach, RENIN, (Regulatory Network Inference) to construct genome-wide parametric gene regulatory networks using multiomic datasets. We generated a single nucleus multiomic dataset from seven adult human kidney biopsies and applied RENIN to study drivers of a failed injury response associated with kidney disease. We demonstrate that RENIN is highly effective tool at predicting key cis- and trans-regulatory elements.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ledru, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muto, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoshimura, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asthana, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tullius, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waikar, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orlando, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humphreys, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.29.522232</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predicting regulators of epithelial cell state through regularized regression analysis of single cell multiomic sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.30.522216v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intracranial recordings reveal three distinct neural response patterns in the language network 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.30.522216v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite long knowing what brain areas support language comprehension, our knowledge of the neural computations that these frontal and temporal regions implement remains limited. One important unresolved question concerns functional differences among the neural populations that comprise the language network. Leveraging the high spatiotemporal resolution of intracranial recordings, we examined responses to sentences and linguistically degraded conditions and discovered three response profiles that differ in their temporal dynamics. These profiles appear to reflect different temporal receptive windows (TRWs), with average TRWs of about 1, 4, and 6 words, as estimated with a simple one-parameter model. Neural populations exhibiting these profiles are interleaved across the language network, which suggests that all language regions have direct access to distinct, multi-scale representations of linguistic input--a property that may be critical for the efficiency and robustness of language processing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Regev, T. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casto, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hosseini, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adamek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunner, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fedorenko, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.30.522216</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intracranial recordings reveal three distinct neural response patterns in the language network]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.30.522314v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Simple Models For Neuroscience Research Discoveries: How Often Are These Models Used In Africa 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.30.522314v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Simple animal model systems such as Drosophila, Zebrafish, and C. Elegans have enabled numerous breakthroughs in understanding human health and disease. Their conserved biological processes, ever-expanding established procedures for handling, and amenability for molecular and genetic manipulation, in addition to the minimal ethical concerns, have made these models preferred choices in several life science disciplines globally. Owing to their cheap maintenance cost, adopting these model systems will help bridge the research gap between Africa and the Global North and contribute to advancing scientific knowledge in African universities through practical sessions. However, the extent to which these models are used across Africa is unknown. Here, we analysed the use of Drosophila, Zebrafish, and C. elegans model systems in scientific publications from African laboratories from the year 2000 to 2021. Of 1851 PubMed-indexed publications in which at least one simple animal model was mentioned, 168 used at least one of these models for the actual investigation. With an average of 21 articles per country, South Africa, Nigeria, Kenya, Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia contributed 75% of these studies. The remaining 25% were contributed by seven other countries at 2-7 articles per country. From here, we extracted and analysed information on funding and international collaboration. This revealed that 24.4 % of the studies were exclusively funded locally, 28.57 % exclusively funded internationally, 15.5% received both local and international funding, and the rest (31.5%) were unfunded, revealing that there is satisfactory access to funds for simple animal model studies, especially from external funders. By analysing the pattern of collaborations, we show that most of these studies had international collaborations, while very few collaborated within Africa. Our work provides data on the current state of research using simple model systems in African laboratories and argues that incorporating these models will advance biomedical science research in Africa.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hamidu, S. k.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmad, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdulazeez, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaid, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alkhamis, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Umar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ladan, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nasr, F. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmad, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Musa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ya'u, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamman, W. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoshimatsu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Issa, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maina, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.30.522314</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Simple Models For Neuroscience Research Discoveries: How Often Are These Models Used In Africa]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.30.522330v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predicting alcohol-related memory problems in older adults: A machine learning study with multi-domain features 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.30.522330v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Memory problems are common among older adults with a history of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Employing a machine learning framework, the current study investigates the use of multi-domain features to classify individuals with and without alcohol-induced memory problems. A group of 94 individuals (ages 50-81 years) with alcohol-induced memory problems (Memory group) were compared with a matched Control group who did not have memory problems. The Random Forests model identified specific features from each domain that contributed to the classification of Memory vs. Control group (AUC=88.29%). Specifically, individuals from the Memory group manifested a predominant pattern of hyperconnectivity across the default mode network regions except some connections involving anterior cingulate cortex which were predominantly hypoconnected. Other significant contributing features were (i) polygenic risk scores for AUD, (ii) alcohol consumption and related health consequences during the past 5 years, such as health problems, past negative experiences, withdrawal symptoms, and the largest number of drinks in a day during the past 12 months, and (iii) elevated neuroticism and increased harm avoidance, and fewer positive "uplift" life events. At the neural systems level, hyperconnectivity across the default mode network regions, including the connections across the hippocampal hub regions, in individuals with memory problems may indicate dysregulation in neural information processing. Overall, the study outlines the importance of utilizing multidomain features, consisting of resting-state brain connectivity collected [~]18 years ago, together with personality, life experiences, polygenic risk, and alcohol consumption and related consequences, to predict alcohol-related memory problems that arise in later life.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kamarajan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pandey, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chorlian, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyers, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinreich, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pandey, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subbie Saenz de Viteri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barr, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aliev, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anokhin, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plawecki, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuperman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almasy, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merikangas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brislin, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bauer, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hesselbrock, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kramer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bierut, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCutcheon, V. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bucholz, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dick, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuckit, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edenberg, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porjesz, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.30.522330</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predicting alcohol-related memory problems in older adults: A machine learning study with multi-domain features]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.03.522616v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Apolipoprotein E O-glycosylation is associated with amyloid plaques and APOE genotype. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.03.522616v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although the APOE {varepsilon}4 allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimers disease (AD), the relationship between apolipoprotein (apoE) and AD pathophysiology is not yet fully understood. Relatively little is known about the apoE protein species, including post-translational modifications, that exist in the human periphery and CNS. To better understand these apoE species, we developed a LC-MS/MS assay that simultaneously quantifies both unmodified and O-glycosylated apoE peptides. The study cohort included 47 older individuals (age 75.6 {+/-} 5.7 years [mean {+/-} standard deviation]), including 23 individuals (49%) with cognitive impairment. Paired plasma and cerebrospinal fluid samples underwent analysis. We quantified O-glycosylation of two apoE protein residues - one in the hinge region and one in the C-terminal region - and found that glycosylation occupancy of the hinge region in the plasma was significantly correlated with plasma total apoE levels, APOE genotype and amyloid status as determined by CSF A{beta}42/A{beta}40. A model with plasma glycosylation occupancy, plasma total apoE concentration, and APOE genotype distinguished amyloid status with an AUROC of 0.89. These results suggest that plasma apoE glycosylation levels could be a marker of brain amyloidosis, and that apoE glycosylation may play a role in the pathophysiology of AD.

HighlightsO_LISimultaneous quantification of unmodified and O-glycosylated apoE via LC-MS/MS.
C_LIO_LITotal plasma apoE varies by APOE genotype in an isoform, dose-dependent fashion.
C_LIO_LICNS-derived apoE is more extensively O-glycosylated than peripherally derived apoE.
C_LIO_LIHinge region glycosylation occupancy of plasma apoE is associated with amyloidosis.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lawler, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bollinger, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schindler, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodge, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iglesias, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coulton, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holtzman, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bateman, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.03.522616</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Apolipoprotein E O-glycosylation is associated with amyloid plaques and APOE genotype.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.05.522630v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human CCR6+ Th cells show both an extended stable gradient of Th17 activity and imprinted plasticity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.05.522630v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Th17 cells have been investigated in mice primarily for their contributions to autoimmune diseases. However, the pathways of differentiation of Th17 and related (type 17) cells and the structure of the type 17 memory population in humans are not well understood; such understanding is critical for manipulating these cells in vivo. By exploiting differences in levels of surface CCR6, we found that human type 17 memory cells, including individual T cell clonotypes, form an elongated continuum of type 17 character along which cells can be driven by increasing ROR{gamma}t. This continuum includes cells preserved within the memory pool with potentials that reflect the early preferential activation of multiple over single lineages. The CCR6+ cells phenotypes and epigenomes are stable across cell divisions under homeostatic conditions. Nonetheless, activation in polarizing and non-polarizing conditions can yield additional functionalities, revealing, respectively, both environmentally induced and imprinted mechanisms that contribute differentially across the continuum to yield the unusual plasticity ascribed to type 17 cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Singh, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parween, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edara, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Otaizo-Carrasquero, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oppenheim, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ransier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shamsaddini, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gardina, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darko, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, T. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Douek, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myers, T. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farber, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.05.522630</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human CCR6+ Th cells show both an extended stable gradient of Th17 activity and imprinted plasticity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.09.522880v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single Molecule Mechanics and Kinetics of Cardiac Myosin Interacting with Regulated Thin Filaments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.09.522880v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cardiac cycle is a tightly regulated process wherein the heart generates force to pump blood to the body during systole and then relaxes during diastole. Disruption of this finely tuned cycle can lead to a range of diseases including cardiomyopathies and heart failure. Cardiac contraction is driven by the molecular motor myosin, which pulls regulated thin filaments in a calcium-dependent manner. In some muscle and non-muscle myosins, regulatory proteins on actin tune the kinetics, mechanics, and load dependence of the myosin working stroke; however, it is not well understood whether or how thin filament regulatory proteins tune the mechanics of the cardiac myosin motor. To address this critical gap in knowledge, we used single-molecule techniques to measure the kinetics and mechanics of the substeps of the cardiac myosin working stroke in the presence and absence of thin filament regulatory proteins. We found that regulatory proteins gate the calcium-dependent interactions between myosin and the thin filament. At physiologically relevant ATP concentrations, cardiac myosins mechanics and unloaded kinetics are not affected by thin filament regulatory proteins. We also measured the load-dependent kinetics of cardiac myosin at physiologically relevant ATP concentrations using an isometric optical clamp, and we found that thin filament regulatory proteins do not affect either the identity or magnitude of myosins primary load-dependent transition. Interestingly, at low ATP concentrations, thin filament regulatory proteins have a small effect on actomyosin dissociation kinetics, suggesting a mechanism beyond simple steric blocking. These results have important implications for both disease modeling and computational models of muscle contraction.

Significance StatementHuman heart contraction is powered by the molecular motor {beta}-cardiac myosin, which pulls on thin filaments consisting of actin and the regulatory proteins troponin and tropomyosin. In some muscle and non-muscle systems, these regulatory proteins tune the kinetics, mechanics, and load dependence of the myosin working stroke. Despite having a central role in health and disease, it is not well understood whether the mechanics or kinetics of {beta}-cardiac myosin are affected by regulatory proteins. We show that regulatory proteins do not affect the mechanics or load-dependent kinetics of the working stroke at physiologically relevant ATP concentrations; however, they can affect the kinetics at low ATP concentrations, suggesting a mechanism beyond simple steric blocking. This has important implications for modeling of cardiac physiology and diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Clippinger Schulte, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrick, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stump, W. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenberg, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.09.522880</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single Molecule Mechanics and Kinetics of Cardiac Myosin Interacting with Regulated Thin Filaments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.09.523303v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure of alpha-synuclein fibrils derived from human Lewy body dementia tissue 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.09.523303v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The defining feature of Parkinson disease (PD) and Lewy body dementia (LBD) is the accumulation of alpha-synuclein (Asyn) fibrils in Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites. We developed and validated a novel method to amplify Asyn fibrils extracted from LBD postmortem tissue samples and used solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) studies to determine atomic resolution structure. Amplified LBD Asyn fibrils comprise two protofilaments with pseudo-21 helical screw symmetry, very low twist and an interface formed by antiparallel beta strands of residues 85-93. The fold is highly similar to the fold determined by a recent cryo-electron microscopy study for a minority population of twisted single protofilament fibrils extracted from LBD tissue. These results expand the structural landscape of LBD Asyn fibrils and inform further studies of disease mechanisms, imaging agents and therapeutics targeting Asyn.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dhavale, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barclay, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borcik, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basore, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, I. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milchberg, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Shea, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rau, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Summers, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warmuth, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitzpatrick, J. A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwieters, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tajkhorshid, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rienstra, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kotzbauer, P. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.09.523303</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure of alpha-synuclein fibrils derived from human Lewy body dementia tissue]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.09.523339v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
13C and 15N Resonance Assignments of Alpha Synuclein Fibrils Amplified from Lewy Body Dementia Tissue 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.09.523339v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fibrils of the protein -synuclein (Asyn) are implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson Disease, Lewy Body Dementia, and Multiple System Atrophy. Numerous forms of Asyn fibrils have been studied by solid-state NMR and resonance assignments have been reported. Here, we report a new set of 13C, 15N assignments that are unique to fibrils obtained by amplification from postmortem brain tissue of a patient diagnosed with Lewy Body Dementia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barclay, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dhavale, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borcik, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milchberg, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kotzbauer, P. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rienstra, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.09.523339</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[13C and 15N Resonance Assignments of Alpha Synuclein Fibrils Amplified from Lewy Body Dementia Tissue]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.09.523347v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial transcriptomics reveals a conserved segment polarity program that governs muscle patterning in Nematostella vectensis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.09.523347v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During early animal evolution, the emergence of axially-polarized segments was central to the diversification of complex bilaterian body plans. Nevertheless, precisely how and when segment polarity pathways arose remains obscure. Here we demonstrate the molecular basis for segment polarization in developing larvae of the pre-bilaterian sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. Utilizing spatial transcriptomics, we first constructed a 3-D gene expression atlas of developing larval segments. Capitalizing on accurate in silico predictions, we identified Lbx and Uncx, conserved homeodomain-containing genes that occupy opposing subsegmental domains under the control of both BMP signaling and the Hox-Gbx cascade. Functionally, Lbx mutagenesis eliminated all molecular evidence of segment polarization at larval stage and caused an aberrant mirror-symmetric pattern of retractor muscles in primary polyps. These results demonstrate the molecular basis for segment polarity in a pre-bilaterian animal, suggesting that polarized metameric structures were present in the Cnidaria-Bilateria common ancestor over 600 million years ago.

HighlightsO_LINematostella endomesodermal tissue forms metameric segments and displays a transcriptomic profile similar to that observed in bilaterian mesoderm
C_LIO_LIConstruction of a comprehensive 3-D gene expression atlas enables systematic dissection of segmental identity in endomesoderm
C_LIO_LILbx and Uncx, two conserved homeobox-containing genes, establish segment polarity in Nematostella
C_LIO_LIThe Cnidarian-Bilaterian common ancestor likely possessed the genetic toolkit to generate polarized metameric structures
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.09.523347</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial transcriptomics reveals a conserved segment polarity program that governs muscle patterning in Nematostella vectensis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.10.523530v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ethanolaminephosphate cytidyltransferase is essential for survival, lipid homeostasis and stress tolerance in Leishmania major 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.10.523530v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glycerophospholipids including phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) are vital components of biological membranes. Trypanosomatid parasites of the genus Leishmania can acquire PE and PC via de novo synthesis and the uptake/remodeling of host lipids. In this study, we investigated the ethanolaminephosphate cytidyltransferase (EPCT) in Leishmania major, which is the causative agent for cutaneous leishmaniasis. EPCT is a key enzyme in the ethanolamine branch of the Kennedy pathway which is responsible for the de novo synthesis of PE. Our results demonstrate that L. major EPCT is a cytosolic protein capable of catalyzing the formation of CDP-ethanolamine from ethanolamine-phosphate and cytidine triphosphate. Genetic manipulation experiments indicate that EPCT is essential in both the promastigote and amastigote stages of L. major as the chromosomal null mutants cannot survive without the episomal expression of EPCT. This differs from our previous findings on the choline branch of the Kennedy pathway (responsible for PC synthesis) which is required only in promastigotes but not amastigotes. While episomal EPCT expression does not affect promastigote proliferation under normal conditions, it leads to reduced production of ethanolamine plasmalogen or plasmenylethanolamine, the dominant PE subtype in Leishmania. In addition, parasites with epsiomal EPCT exhibit heightened sensitivity to acidic pH and starvation stress, and significant reduction in virulence. In summary, our investigation demonstrates that proper regulation of EPCT expression is crucial for PE synthesis, stress response, and survival of Leishmania parasites throughout their life cycle.

AUTHOR SUMMARYIn nature, Leishmania parasites alternate between fast replicating, extracellular promastigotes in sand fly gut and slow growing, intracellular amastigotes in macrophages. Previous studies suggest that promastigotes acquire most of their lipids via de novo synthesis whereas amastigotes rely on the uptake and remodeling of host lipids. Here we investigated the function of ethanolaminephosphate cytidyltransferase (EPCT) which catalyzes a key step in the de novo synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in Leishmania major. Results showed that EPCT is indispensable for both promastigotes and amastigotes, indicating that de novo PE synthesis is still needed at certain capacity for the intracellular form of Leishmania parasites. In addition, elevated EPCT expression alters overall PE synthesis and compromises parasites tolerance to adverse conditions and is deleterious to the growth of intracellular amastigotes. These findings provide new insight into how Leishmania acquire essential phospholipids and how disturbance of lipid metabolism can impact parasite fitness.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Basu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pawlowic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, F.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.10.523530</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ethanolaminephosphate cytidyltransferase is essential for survival, lipid homeostasis and stress tolerance in Leishmania major]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.10.523171v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MANF stimulates autophagy and restores mitochondrial homeostasis to treat toxic proteinopathy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.10.523171v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Misfolded protein aggregates may cause toxic proteinopathy, including autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease due to uromodulin mutations (ADTKD-UMOD), one of the leading hereditary kidney diseases, and Alzheimers disease etc. There are no targeted therapies. ADTKD is also a genetic form of renal fibrosis and chronic kidney disease, which affects 500 million people worldwide. For the first time, in our newly generated mouse model recapitulating human ADTKD-UMOD carrying a leading UMOD deletion mutation, we show that autophagy/mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis are severely impaired, leading to cGAS- STING activation and tubular injury. Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is a novel endoplasmic reticulum stress-regulated secreted protein. We provide the first study that inducible tubular overexpression of MANF after the onset of disease stimulates autophagy/mitophagy and clearance of the misfolded UMOD, and promotes mitochondrial biogenesis through p-AMPK enhancement, resulting in protection of kidney function. Conversely, genetic ablation of endogenous MANF upregulated in the mutant mouse and human tubular cells worsens autophagy suppression and kidney fibrosis. Together, we discover MANF as a novel biotherapeutic protein and elucidate previously unknown mechanisms of MANF in regulating organelle homeostasis to treat ADTKD, which may have broad therapeutic application to treat various proteinopathies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tycksen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pietka, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sivapackiam, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kidd, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, B. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kmoch, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duffield, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bleyer, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackrel, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urano, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vijay, s.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindahl, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.10.523171</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MANF stimulates autophagy and restores mitochondrial homeostasis to treat toxic proteinopathy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.12.523654v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Poison exon annotations improve the yield of clinically relevant variants in genomic diagnostic testing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.12.523654v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PurposeNeurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) often result from rare genetic variation, but genomic testing yield for NDDs remains around 50%, suggesting some clinically relevant rare variants may be missed by standard analyses. Here we analyze "poison exons" (PEs) which, while often absent from standard gene annotations, are alternative exons whose inclusion results in a premature termination codon. Variants that alter PE inclusion can lead to loss-of-function and may be highly penetrant contributors to disease.

MethodsWe curated published RNA-seq data from developing mouse cortex to define 1,937 PE regions conserved between humans and mice and potentially relevant to NDDs. We then analyzed variants found by genome sequencing in multiple NDD cohorts.

ResultsAcross 2,999 probands, we found six clinically relevant variants in PE regions that were previously overlooked. Five of these variants are in genes that are part of the sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit family (SCN1A, SCN2A, and SCN8A), associated with epilepsies. One variant is in SNRPB, associated with Cerebrocostomandibular Syndrome. These variants have moderate to high computational impact assessments, are absent from population variant databases, and were observed in probands with features consistent with those reported for the associated gene.

ConclusionWith only a minimal increase in variant analysis burden (most probands had zero or one candidate PE variants in a known NDD gene, with an average of 0.77 per proband), annotation of PEs can improve diagnostic yield for NDDs and likely other congenital conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Felker, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawlor, J. M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hiatt, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Latner, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finnila, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowling, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonnstetter, Z. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonini, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelley, W. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hurst, A. C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakouzi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hendon, L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bebin, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kenny, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.12.523654</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Poison exon annotations improve the yield of clinically relevant variants in genomic diagnostic testing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.12.523791v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Real-time feedback reduces participant motion during task-based fMRI 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.12.523791v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The potential negative impact of head movement during fMRI has long been appreciated. Although a variety of prospective and retrospective approaches have been developed to help mitigate these effects, reducing head movement in the first place remains the most appealing strategy for optimizing data quality. Real-time interventions, in which participants are provided feedback regarding their scan-to-scan motion, have recently shown promise in reducing motion during resting state fMRI. However, whether feedback might similarly reduce motion during task-based fMRI is an open question. In particular, it is unclear whether participants can effectively monitor motion feedback while attending to task-related demands. Here we assessed whether a combination of real-time and between-run feedback could reduce head motion during task-based fMRI. During an auditory word repetition task, 78 adult participants (aged 19-81) were pseudorandomly assigned to receive feedback or not. Feedback was provided FIRMM software that used real-time calculation of realignment parameters to estimate participant motion. We quantified movement using framewise displacement (FD). We found that motion feedback resulted in a statistically significant reduction in participant head motion, with a small-to-moderate effect size (reducing average FD from 0.347 to 0.282). Reductions were most apparent in high-motion events. We conclude that under some circumstances real-time feedback may reduce head motion during task-based fMRI, although its effectiveness may depend on the specific participant population and task demands of a given study.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rogers, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McConkey, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McLaughlin, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peelle, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.12.523791</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Real-time feedback reduces participant motion during task-based fMRI]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.12.523837v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adsorption of RNA to interfaces of biomolecular condensates enables wetting transitions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.12.523837v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biomolecular condensates form via spontaneous and driven phase transitions of multivalent proteins and nucleic acids. These macromolecules can be organized in spatially inhomogeneous ways that lead to multiple coexisting dense phases with distinct macromolecular interfaces. While considerable attention has focused on the physical driving forces that give rise to phase separation from bulk solutions, the interactions that underlie adsorption driven wetting transitions remain unclear. Here, we report that pyrimidine-rich RNAs function as adsorbents that enable cascades of wetting transitions that include partial and complete wetting of condensates formed by purine-rich RNAs. Computations show that macromolecules that are scaffolds of condensates are oriented perpendicular to condensate interfaces whereas adsorbents are oriented parallel to interfaces. Our results yield heuristics for the design of synthetic materials that can be based on RNA-rich condensates featuring bespoke interfaces and distinct local microenvironments created by the interplay between scaffolds versus adsorbents.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Erkamp, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farag, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sneideris, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welsh, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ausserwoger, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weitz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knowles, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.12.523837</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adsorption of RNA to interfaces of biomolecular condensates enables wetting transitions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.13.523962v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Perinatal folate levels do not influence tumor latency or multiplicity in a model of NF1 associated plexiform-like neurofibromas 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.13.523962v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveIn epidemiological and experimental research, high folic acid intake has been demonstrated to accelerate tumor development among populations with genetic and/or molecular susceptibility to cancer. Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a common autosomal dominant disorder predisposing affected individuals to tumorigenesis, including benign plexiform neurofibromas; however, understanding of factors associated with tumor risk in NF1 patients is limited. Therefore, we investigated whether pregestational folic acid intake modified plexiform-like peripheral nerve sheath tumor risk in a transgenic NF1 murine model.

ResultsWe observed no significant differences in overall survival according to folate group. Relative to controls (180 days), median survival did not statistically differ in deficient (174 days, P=0.56) or supplemented (177 days, P=0.13) folate groups. Dietary folate intake was positively associated with RBC folate levels at weaning, (P=0.023, 0.0096, and 0.0006 for deficient vs. control, control vs. supplemented, and deficient vs. supplemented groups, respectively). Dorsal root ganglia (DRG), brachial plexi, and sciatic nerves were assessed according to folate group. Mice in the folate deficient group had significantly more enlarged DRG relative to controls (P=0.044), but no other groups statistically differed. No significant differences for brachial plexi or sciatic nerve enlargement were observed according to folate status.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marley, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tibbitts, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moertel, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Linden, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Largaespada, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcotte, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.13.523962</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Perinatal folate levels do not influence tumor latency or multiplicity in a model of NF1 associated plexiform-like neurofibromas]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.13.523966v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The effect of Dnaaf5 gene dosage on primary ciliary dyskinesia phenotypes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.13.523966v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DNAAF5 is a dynein motor assembly factor associated with the autosomal heterogenic recessive condition of motile cilia, primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). The effects of allele heterozygosity on motile cilia function are unknown. We used CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing in mice to recreate a human missense variant identified in patients with mild PCD and a second, frameshift null deletion in Dnaaf5. Litters with Dnaaf5 heteroallelic variants showed distinct missense and null gene dosage effects. Homozygosity for the null Dnaaf5 alleles was embryonic lethal. Compound heterozygous animals with the missense and null alleles showed severe disease manifesting as hydrocephalus and early lethality. However, animals homozygous for the missense mutation had improved survival, with partial preserved cilia function and motor assembly observed by ultrastructure analysis. Notably, the same variant alleles exhibited divergent cilia function across different multiciliated tissues. Proteomic analysis of isolated airway cilia from mutant mice revealed reduction in some axonemal regulatory and structural proteins not previously reported in DNAAF5 variants. While transcriptional analysis of mouse and human mutant cells showed increased expression of genes coding for axonemal proteins. Together, these findings suggest allele-specific and tissue-specific molecular requirements for cilia motor assembly that may affect disease phenotypes and clinical trajectory in motile ciliopathies.

Brief SummaryA mouse model of human DNAAF5 primary ciliary dyskinesia variants reveals gene dosage effects of mutant alleles and tissue-specific molecular requirements for cilia motor assembly.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Horani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puga-Molina, L. D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramagiri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennen, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyland, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunsten, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tzeng, S.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strahle, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mill, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahjoub, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dutcher, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brody, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.13.523966</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The effect of Dnaaf5 gene dosage on primary ciliary dyskinesia phenotypes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.13.524002v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Activation of the Plasmodium egress effector subtilisin-like protease 1 is achieved by plasmepsin X destruction of the propiece. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.13.524002v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Following each round of replication, daughter merozoites of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum escape (egress) from the infected host red blood cell (RBC) by rupturing the parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM) and the RBC membrane (RBCM). A proteolytic cascade orchestrated by the parasites serine protease, subtilisin-like protease 1 (SUB1) regulates the membrane breakdown. SUB1 activation involves primary auto-processing of the 82 kDa zymogen to a 54 kDa (p54) intermediate that remains bound to its inhibitory propiece (p31) post cleavage. A second processing step converts p54 to the terminal 47 kDa (p47) form of SUB1. Although the aspartic protease plasmepsin X (PM X) has been implicated in the activation of SUB1, the mechanism remains unknown. Here, we show that upon knockdown of PM X the inhibitory p31/p54 complex of SUB1 accumulates in the parasites. Using recombinant PM X and SUB1, we show that PM X can directly cleave both p31 and p54. We have mapped the cleavage sites on recombinant p31. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the conversion of p54 to p47 can be effected by cleavage at either a SUB1 or PM X cleavage site that are adjacent to one another. Importantly once the p31 is removed, p54 is fully functional inside the parasites suggesting that the conversion to p47 is dispensable for SUB1 activity. Relief of propiece inhibition via a heterologous protease is a novel mechanism for subtilisin activation.

Significance StatementMalaria parasites replicate inside a parasitophorous vacuole within the host red blood cells. Exit of mature progeny from the infected host cells is essential for further dissemination. Parasite exit is a highly regulated, explosive process that involves membrane breakdown. To do this, the parasite utilizes a serine protease, called the subtilisin-like protease 1 or SUB1 that proteolytically activates various effector proteins. SUB1 activity is dependent on an upstream protease, called plasmepsin X (PM X), although the mechanism was unknown. Here we describe the molecular basis for PM X mediated SUB1 activation. PM X proteolytically degrades the inhibitory segment of SUB1, thereby activating it. Involvement of a heterologous protease is a novel mechanism for subtilisin activation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mukherjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nasamu, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubiano, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldberg, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.13.524002</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Activation of the Plasmodium egress effector subtilisin-like protease 1 is achieved by plasmepsin X destruction of the propiece.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.12.523835v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Automated quantitative trait locus analysis (AutoQTL) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.12.523835v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundQuantitative Trait Locus (QTL) analysis and Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have the power to identify variants that capture significant levels of phenotypic variance in complex traits. However, effort and time are required to select the best methods and optimize parameters and pre-processing steps. Although machine learning approaches have been shown to greatly assist in optimization and data processing, applying them to QTL analysis and GWAS is challenging due to the complexity of large, heterogenous datasets. Here, we describe proof-of-concept for an automated machine learning approach, AutoQTL, with the ability to automate many complex decisions related to analysis of complex traits and generate diverse solutions to describe relationships that exist in genetic data.

ResultsUsing a dataset of 18 putative QTL from a large-scale GWAS of body mass index in the laboratory rat, Rattus norvegicus, AutoQTL captures the phenotypic variance explained under a standard additive model while also providing evidence of non-additive effects including deviations from additivity and 2-way epistatic interactions from simulated data via multiple optimal solutions. Additionally, feature importance metrics provide different insights into the inheritance models and predictive power of multiple GWAS-derived putative QTL.

ConclusionsThis proof-of-concept illustrates that automated machine learning techniques can be applied to genetic data and has the potential to detect both additive and non-additive effects via various optimal solutions and feature importance metrics. In the future, we aim to expand AutoQTL to accommodate omics-level datasets with intelligent feature selection strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Freda, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chitre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polesskaya, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>St. Pierre, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Martinez, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ishiwari, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamparelli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.12.523835</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Automated quantitative trait locus analysis (AutoQTL)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.17.523798v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Therapeutic and vaccine-induced cross-reactive antibodies with effector function against emerging Omicron variants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.17.523798v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Currently circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants acquired convergent mutations at receptor-binding domain (RBD) hot spots1. Their impact on viral infection, transmission, and efficacy of vaccines and therapeutics remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that recently emerged BQ.1.1. and XBB.1 variants bind ACE2 with high affinity and promote membrane fusion more efficiently than earlier Omicron variants. Structures of the BQ.1.1 and XBB.1 RBDs bound to human ACE2 and S309 Fab (sotrovimab parent) explain the altered ACE2 recognition and preserved antibody binding through conformational selection. We show that sotrovimab binds avidly to all Omicron variants, promotes Fc-dependent effector functions and protects mice challenged with BQ.1.1, the variant displaying the greatest loss of neutralization. Moreover, in several donors vaccine-elicited plasma antibodies cross-react with and trigger effector functions against Omicron variants despite reduced neutralizing activity. Cross-reactive RBD-directed human memory B cells remained dominant even after two exposures to Omicron spikes, underscoring persistent immune imprinting. Our findings suggest that this previously overlooked class of cross-reactive antibodies, exemplified by S309, may contribute to protection against disease caused by emerging variants through elicitation of effector functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Addetia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piccoli, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Case, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beltramello, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guarino, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinto, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheaffer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sprouse, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bassi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silacci-Fregni, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muoio, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vincenzetti, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acosta, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subramanian, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saliba, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giurdanella, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lombardo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leoni, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Culap, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McAlister, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajesh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dellota, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cameroni, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitener, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giannini, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ceschi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrari, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franzetti-Pellanda, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biggiogero, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garzoni, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zappi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernasconi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schnell, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Czudnochowski, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franko, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Logue, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoshiyama, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.17.523798</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Therapeutic and vaccine-induced cross-reactive antibodies with effector function against emerging Omicron variants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.18.523029v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extensive characterization of a Williams Syndrome murine model shows Gtf2ird1-mediated rescue of select sensorimotor tasks, but no effect on enhanced social behavior 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.18.523029v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Williams Syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder exhibiting cognitive and behavioral abnormalities, including increased social motivation, risk of anxiety and specific phobias along with perturbed motor function. Williams Syndrome is caused by a microdeletion of 26-28 genes on chromosome 7, including GTF2IRD1, which encodes a transcription factor suggested to play a role in the behavioral profile of Williams Syndrome. Duplications of the full region also lead to frequent autism diagnosis, social phobias, and language delay. Thus, genes in the region appear to regulate social motivation in a dose-sensitive manner. A  Complete Deletion mouse, heterozygously eliminating the syntenic Williams Syndrome region, has been deeply characterized for cardiac phenotypes, but direct measures of social motivation have not been assessed. Furthermore, the role of Gtf2ird1 in these behaviors has not been addressed in a relevant genetic context. Here, we have generated a mouse overexpressing Gtf2ird1, which can be used both to model duplication of this gene alone and to rescue Gtf2ird1 expression in the Complete Deletion mice. Using a comprehensive behavioral pipeline and direct measures of social motivation, we provide evidence that the Williams Syndrome Critical Region regulates social motivation along with motor and anxiety phenotypes, but that Gtf2ird1 complementation is not sufficient to rescue most of these traits, and duplication does not decrease social motivation. However, Gtf2ird1 complementation does rescue light-aversive behavior and performance on select sensorimotor tasks, perhaps indicating a role for this gene in sensory processing or integration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nygaard, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maloney, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swift, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCullough, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fass, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garbett, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirnics, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veenstra-VanderWeele, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.18.523029</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extensive characterization of a Williams Syndrome murine model shows Gtf2ird1-mediated rescue of select sensorimotor tasks, but no effect on enhanced social behavior]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.16.523975v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A dual MTOR/NAD+ acting gerotherapy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.16.523975v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The geroscience hypothesis states that a therapy that prevents the underlying aging process should prevent multiple aging related diseases. The mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin)/insulin and NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) pathways are two of the most validated aging pathways. Yet, its largely unclear how they might talk to each other in aging. In genome-wide CRISPRa screening with a novel class of N-O-Methyl-propanamide-containing compounds we named BIOIO-1001, we identified lipid metabolism centering on SIRT3 as a point of intersection of the mTOR/insulin and NAD+ pathways. In vivo testing indicated that BIOIO-1001 reduced high fat, high sugar diet-induced metabolic derangements, inflammation, and fibrosis, each being characteristic of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). An unbiased screen of patient datasets suggested a potential link between the anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of BIOIO-1001 in NASH models to those in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Directed experiments subsequently determined that BIOIO-1001 was protective in both sporadic and familial ALS models. Both NASH and ALS have no treatments and suffer from a lack of convenient biomarkers to monitor therapeutic efficacy. A potential strength in considering BIOIO-1001 as a therapy is that the blood biomarker that it modulates, namely plasma triglycerides, can be conveniently used to screen patients for responders. More conceptually, to our knowledge BIOIO-1001 is a first therapy that fits the geroscience hypothesis by acting on multiple core aging pathways and that can alleviate multiple conditions after they have set in.

Brief SummaryThese studies characterize a novel gerotherapy, BIOIO-1001, that identifies lipid metabolism as an intersection of the mTOR and NAD+ pathways.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miachin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bean, N. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halawi, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niehoff, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pierre, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colca, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kletzien, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanis, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffett, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niehoff, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hor, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallace, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rindtorff, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farr, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCommis, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finck, B. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterson, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.16.523975</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A dual MTOR/NAD+ acting gerotherapy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.17.524387v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ProteoM enables deep and precise identification of peptides in data-dependent acquisition proteomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.17.524387v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sensitive and reliable identification of proteins and peptides pertains the basis of proteomics. We introduce Mzion, a new database search tool for data-dependent acquisition (DDA) proteomics. Our tool utilizes an intensity tally strategy and achieves generally a higher performance in terms of depth and precision across twenty datasets, ranging from large-scale to single-cell proteomics. Compared to several other search engines, Mzion matches on average 20% more peptide spectra at tryptic enzymatic specificity and 80% more at no enzymatic specificity from six large-scale, global datasets. Mzion also identifies more phosphopeptide spectra that can be explained by fewer proteins, demonstrated by six large-scale, local datasets corresponding to the global data. Our findings highlight the potential of Mzion for improving proteomic analysis and advancing our understanding of protein biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.17.524387</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ProteoM enables deep and precise identification of peptides in data-dependent acquisition proteomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.17.523964v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tipifarnib potentiates the antitumor effects of PI3Kα inhibition in PIK3CA- and HRAS-dysregulated HNSCC via convergent inhibition of mTOR activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.17.523964v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Outcomes for patients with recurrent/metastatic (R/M) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are poor, with median overall survival ranging from 6 to 18 months. For those who progress on standard of care (chemo)immunotherapy, treatment options are limited, necessitating the development of rational therapeutic strategies. Toward this end, we targeted the key HNSCC drivers PI3K-mTOR and HRAS via the combination of tipifarnib, a farnesyltransferase inhibitor, and alpelisib, a PI3K inhibitor, in multiple molecularly defined subsets of HNSCC. We find that tipifarnib synergizes with alpelisib at the level of mTOR in PI3K-or HRAS-dependent HNSCCs, leading to marked cytotoxicity in vitro and tumor regression in vivo. Based on these findings, we have launched the KURRENT-HN trial to evaluate the effectiveness of this combination in PIK3CA-mutant/amplified and/or HRAS-overexpressing R/M HNSCC. Preliminary evidence supports the clinical activity of this molecular biomarker-driven combination therapy.

SignificanceBacked by strong mechanistic rationale, the combination of alpelisib and tipifarnib has the potential to benefit >45% of R/M HNSCC patients. By blocking feedback reactivation of mTORC1, tipifarnib may prevent adaptive resistance to additional targeted therapies, thereby enhancing their clinical utility.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Smith, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCloskey, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reilly, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, H. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koshizuka, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soifer, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kessler, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dayoub, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villaflor, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adkins, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruce, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanna, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gasco Hernandez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saunders, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutkind, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burrows, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malik, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.17.523964</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tipifarnib potentiates the antitumor effects of PI3Kα inhibition in PIK3CA- and HRAS-dysregulated HNSCC via convergent inhibition of mTOR activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.17.524501v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Limits to the spread of an obligate social cheater in the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.17.524501v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cooperation is widespread across life, but its existence can be threatened by exploitation. Social cheaters can be obligate, incapable of contributing to a necessary function, so that spread of the cheater leads to loss of the function. In the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum, obligate social cheaters cannot become dead stalk cells that lift spores up for dispersal, but instead depend on forming chimeras with fully functional altruistic individuals for forming a stalk. Obligate cheaters in D. discoideum are known to pay the cost of being unable to form fruiting bodies on their own. In this study we discovered that there are two additional costs that can apply to obligate cheaters. Even when there are wild-type cells to parasitize, the chimeric fruiting bodies that result have shorter stalks that are disadvantaged in spore dispersal. Furthermore, we found that obligate cheaters were overrepresented among spore cells in chimeras only when they were at low frequencies. Failure to develop into viable fruiting bodies on their own, negative frequency-dependent cheating, and shorter fruiting bodies represent three limits on obligate social cheating so it is not surprising that obligate cheaters have not been found in nature.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Medina, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Queller, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strassmann, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.17.524501</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Limits to the spread of an obligate social cheater in the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.19.524624v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Aging reduces motivation through decreased Bdnf expression in the ventral tegmental area 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.19.524624v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Age-associated reduced motivation is a hallmark of neuropsychiatric disorders in the elderly. In our rapidly aging societies, it is critical to keep motivation levels high enough to promote healthspan and lifespan. However, how motivation is reduced during aging remains unknown. Here, we used multiple mouse models to evaluate motivation and related affective states in young and old mice. We also compared the effect of social isolation, a common stressor in aged populations, to those of aging. We found that both social isolation and aging decreased motivation in mice, but that Bdnf expression in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) was selectively decreased during aging. Furthermore, VTA-specific Bdnf knockdown in young mice recapitulated reduced motivation observed in old mice. These results demonstrate that maintaining Bdnf expression in the VTA could promote motivation to engage in effortful activities and potentially prevent age-associated neuropsychiatric disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lei, H. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parker, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuede, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCall, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imai, S.-i.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.19.524624</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Aging reduces motivation through decreased Bdnf expression in the ventral tegmental area]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.19.524731v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gut-associated lymphoid tissue attrition associates with response to anti-α4β7 therapy in ulcerative colitis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.19.524731v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Targeting the 4{beta}7-MAdCAM-1 axis with vedolizumab (VDZ) is a front-line therapeutic paradigm in ulcerative colitis (UC). However, mechanism(s) of action (MOA) of VDZ remain relatively undefined. Here, we examined three distinct cohorts of patients with UC (n=83, n=60, and n=21), to determine the effect of VDZ on the mucosal and peripheral immune system. Transcriptomic studies with protein level validation were used to study drug MOA using conventional and transgenic murine models. We found a significant decrease in colonic and ileal naive B and T cells and circulating gut-homing plasmablasts ({beta}7+) in VDZ-treated patients, pointing to gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) targeting by VDZ. Murine Peyers patches (PP) demonstrated a significant loss cellularity associated with reduction in follicular B cells, including a unique population of epithelium-associated B cells, following anti-4{beta}7 antibody (mAb) administration. Photoconvertible (KikGR) mice unequivocally demonstrated impaired cellular entry into PPs in anti-4{beta}7 mAb treated mice. In VDZ-treated, but not anti-tumor necrosis factor-treated UC patients, lymphoid aggregate size was significantly reduced in treatment responders compared to non-responders, with an independent validation cohort further confirming these data. GALT targeting represents a novel MOA of 4{beta}7-targeted therapies, with major implications for this therapeutic paradigm in UC, and for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Canales-Herrerias, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uzzan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seki, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Czepielewski, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verstockt, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Livanos, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raso, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunn, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-taie, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ko, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tokuyama, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tankelevich, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meringer, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cossarini, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jha, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krek, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paulsen, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuber Nakadar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erlich, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Onufer, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helmink, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenstein, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dawson, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juarez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yajnik, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cerutti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faith, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suarez-Farinas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Argmann, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petralia, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Randolph, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polydorides, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reboldi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colombel, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehandru, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.19.524731</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gut-associated lymphoid tissue attrition associates with response to anti-α4β7 therapy in ulcerative colitis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.21.525043v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A cathepsin C-like protease post-translationally modifies Toxoplasma gondii secretory proteins for optimal invasion and egress. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.21.525043v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbial pathogens use proteases for their infections, such as digestion of proteins for nutrients and activation of their virulence factors. As an obligate intracellular parasite, Toxoplasma gondii must invade host cells to establish its intracellular propagation. To facilitate invasion, the parasites secrete invasion effectors from microneme and rhoptry, two unique organelles in apicomplexans. Previous work has shown that some micronemal invasion effectors experience a series of proteolytic cleavages within the parasites secretion pathway for maturation, such as the aspartyl protease (TgASP3) and the cathepsin L-like protease (TgCPL), localized within the post-Golgi compartment (1) and the endolysosomal system (2), respectively. Furthermore, it has been shown that the precise maturation of micronemal effectors is critical for Toxoplasma invasion and egress (1). Here, we show that an endosome-like compartment (ELC)-residing cathepsin C-like protease (TgCPC1) mediates the final trimming of some micronemal effectors, and its loss further results in defects in the steps of invasion, egress, and migration throughout the parasites lytic cycle. Notably, the deletion of TgCPC1 completely blocks the activation of subtilisin-like protease 1 (TgSUB1) in the parasites, which globally impairs the surface-trimming of many key micronemal invasion and egress effectors. Additionally, we found that TgCPC1 was not efficiently inhibited by the chemical inhibitor targeting its malarial ortholog, suggesting that these cathepsin C-like orthologs are structurally different within the apicomplexan phylum. Taken together, our findings identify a novel function of TgCPC1 in the processing of micronemal proteins within the secretory pathway of Toxoplasma parasites and expand the understanding of the roles of cathepsin C protease.

IMPORTANCEToxoplasma gondii is a microbial pathogen that is well adapted for disseminating infections. It can infect virtually all warm-blooded animals. Approximately one-third of the human population carries toxoplasmosis. During infection, the parasites sequentially secrete protein effectors from the microneme, rhoptry, and dense granule, three organelles exclusively found in apicomplexan parasites, to help establish their lytic cycle. Proteolytic cleavage of these secretory proteins is required for the parasites optimal function. Previous work has revealed that two proteases residing within the parasites secretory pathway cleave micronemal and rhoptry proteins, which mediate parasite invasion and egress. Here, we demonstrate that a cathepsin C-like protease (TgCPC1) is involved in processing several invasion and egress effectors. The genetic deletion of TgCPC1 prevented the complete maturation of some effectors in the parasites. Strikingly, the deletion led to a full inactivation of one surface-anchored protease, which globally impaired the trimming of some key micronemal proteins before secretion. Therefore, this finding represents a novel post-translational mechanism for the processing of virulence factors within microbial pathogens.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thornton, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Key, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Micchelli, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stasic, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Floyd, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreno, S. N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dominy, B. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitehead, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.21.525043</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A cathepsin C-like protease post-translationally modifies Toxoplasma gondii secretory proteins for optimal invasion and egress.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.23.525123v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cognitive and neural bases of salience-driven incidental learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.23.525123v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Humans incidentally adjust their behavioral strategies along feedback dimensions even without explicit reasons to do so. How it occurs may depend on stable individual preferences and contextual factors, such as visual salience. We here examined how task-irrelevant visual salience exerts influence on attention and valuation systems that further drives incidental learning. We first established the baseline behavior with no salience emphasis in Exp.1. We then highlighted either the utility or performance dimension of the chosen outcome using colors in Exp.2. We demonstrated that the difference in switching frequency increased along the salient dimension, confirming a strong salience effect. Moreover, the salience effect was abolished when directional information of feedback was removed in Exp.3, suggesting that the observed salience effect is specific to directional feedback. We then generalized our findings using text emphasis in Exp.4 and replicated the non-specific salience effects in Exp.5 with simultaneous eye-tracking. The fixation difference between chosen and unchosen values was enhanced along the feedback-specific salient dimension (Exp.4) but kept unchanged when removing directional information (Exp.5). Moreover, behavioral switching correlates with fixation difference, confirming that salience guides attention and further drives incidental learning. Lastly, our neuroimaging study (Exp.6) showed that the striatum subregions encoded salience-based outcome evaluation, while the vmPFC encoded salience-based behavioral adjustments. The connectivity of the vmPFC-ventral striatum accounted for individual differences in utility-driven, whereas the vmPFC-dmPFC for performance-driven behavioral adjustments. Our results provide a neurocognitive account of how task-irrelevant visual salience drives incidental learning by involving attention and the frontal-striatal valuation systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.23.525123</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cognitive and neural bases of salience-driven incidental learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.23.525192v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Three-dimensional imaging and quantification of mouse ovarian follicles via optical coherence tomography 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.23.525192v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ovarian tissue cryopreservation has been successfully applied worldwide for fertility preservation. Correctly selecting the ovarian tissue with high follicle loading for freezing and reimplantation increases the likelihood of restoring ovarian function, but it is a challenging process. In this work, we explore the use of three-dimensional spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to identify different follicular stages, especially primary follicles, compare the identifications with H&E images, and measure the size and age-related follicular density distribution differences in mice ovaries. We use the thickness of the layers of granulosa cells to differentiate primordial and primary follicles from secondary follicles. The measured dimensions and age-related follicular distribution agree well with histological images and physiological aging. Finally, we apply attenuation coefficient map analyses to significantly improve the image contrast and the contrast-to-noise ratio (p < 0.001), facilitating follicle identification and quantification. We conclude that SD-OCT is a promising method to noninvasively evaluate ovarian follicles.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Amaral, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Truong, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nigam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.23.525192</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Three-dimensional imaging and quantification of mouse ovarian follicles via optical coherence tomography]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.24.525116v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional connectivity between the amygdala and prefrontal cortex underlies processing of emotion ambiguity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.24.525116v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Processing facial expressions of emotion draws on a distributed brain network. In particular, judging ambiguous facial emotions involves coordination between multiple brain areas. Here, we applied multimodal functional connectivity analysis to achieve network-level understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying perceptual ambiguity in facial expressions. We found directional effective connectivity between the amygdala, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), and ventromedial PFC, supporting both bottom-up affective processes for ambiguity representation/perception and top-down cognitive processes for ambiguity resolution/decision. Direct recordings from the human neurosurgical patients showed that the responses of amygdala and dmPFC neurons were modulated by the level of emotion ambiguity, and amygdala neurons responded earlier than dmPFC neurons, reflecting the bottom-up process for ambiguity processing. We further found parietal-frontal coherence and delta-alpha cross-frequency coupling involved in encoding emotion ambiguity. We replicated the EEG coherence result using independent experiments and further showed modulation of the coherence. EEG source connectivity revealed that the dmPFC top-down regulated the activities in other brain regions. Lastly, we showed altered behavioral responses in neuropsychiatric patients who may have dysfunctions in amygdala-PFC functional connectivity. Together, using multimodal experimental and analytical approaches, we have delineated a neural network that underlies processing of emotion ambiguity.

Significance StatementA large number of different brain regions participate in emotion processing. However, it remains elusive how these brain regions interact and coordinate with each other and collectively encode emotions, especially when the task requires orchestration between different brain areas. In this study, we employed multimodal approaches that well complemented each other to comprehensively study the neural mechanisms of emotion ambiguity. Our results provided a systematic understanding of the amygdala-PFC network underlying emotion ambiguity with fMRI-based connectivity, EEG coordination of cortical regions, synchronization of brain rhythms, directed information flow of the source signals, and latency of single-neuron responses. Our results further shed light on neuropsychiatric patients who have abnormal amygdala-PFC connectivity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.24.525116</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional connectivity between the amygdala and prefrontal cortex underlies processing of emotion ambiguity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.25.525428v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural variation across 138,134 samples in the TOPMed consortium 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.25.525428v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ever larger Structural Variant (SV) catalogs highlighting the diversity within and between populations help researchers better understand the links between SVs and disease. The identification of SVs from DNA sequence data is non-trivial and requires a balance between comprehensiveness and precision. Here we present a catalog of 355,667 SVs (59.34% novel) across autosomes and the X chromosome (50bp+) from 138,134 individuals in the diverse TOPMed consortium. We describe our methodologies for SV inference resulting in high variant quality and >90% allele concordance compared to long-read de-novo assemblies of well-characterized control samples. We demonstrate utility through significant associations between SVs and important various cardio-metabolic and hemotologic traits. We have identified 690 SV hotspots and deserts and those that potentially impact the regulation of medically relevant genes. This catalog characterizes SVs across multiple populations and will serve as a valuable tool to understand the impact of SV on disease development and progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jun, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>English, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metcalf, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaisson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pankratz, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menon, V. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salerno, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krasheninina, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lane, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blackwell, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salvi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasham, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhamidipati, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kottapalli, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnett, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashley-Koch, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Auer, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beutel, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bis, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blangero, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowden, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brody, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cade, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-D. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curran, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fornage, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freedman, B. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fingerlin, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gelb, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hung, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kane, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaplan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loos, R. J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcus,, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathias, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGarv</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.25.525428</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural variation across 138,134 samples in the TOPMed consortium]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.25.525531v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Strain Tracking with Uncertainty Quantification 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.25.525531v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ability to detect and quantify microbiota over time has a plethora of clinical, basic science, and public health applications. One of the primary means of tracking microbiota is through sequencing technologies. When the microorganism of interest is well characterized or known a priori, targeted sequencing is often used. In many applications, however, untargeted bulk (shotgun) sequencing is more appropriate; for instance, the tracking of infection transmission events and nucleotide variants across multiple genomic loci, or studying the role of multiple genes in a particular phenotype. Given these applications, and the observation that pathogens (e.g. Clostridioides difficile, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica) and other taxa of interest can reside at low relative abundance in the gastrointestinal tract, there is a critical need for algorithms that accurately track low-abundance taxa with strain level resolution. Here we present a sequence quality- and time-aware model, ChronoStrain, that introduces uncertainty quantification to gauge low-abundance species and significantly outperforms the current state-of-the-art on both real and synthetic data. ChronoStrain leverages sequences quality scores and the samples temporal information to produce a probability distribution over abundance trajectories for each strain tracked in the model. We demonstrate Chronostrains improved performance in capturing post-antibiotic Escherichia coli strain blooms among women with recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) from the UTI Microbiome (UMB) Project. Other strain tracking models on the same data either show inconsistent temporal colonization or can only track consistently using very coarse groupings. In contrast, our probabilistic outputs can reveal the relationship between low-confidence strains present in the sample that cannot be reliably assigned a single reference label (either due to poor coverage or novelty) while simultaneously calling high-confidence strains that can be unambiguously assigned a label. We also analyze samples from the Early Life Microbiota Colonisation (ELMC) Study demonstrating the algorithms ability to correctly identify Enterococcus faecalis strains using paired sample isolates as validation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Worby, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acharya, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Dijk, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alfonsetti, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gromko, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azimzadeh, P. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dodson, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerber, G. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hultgren, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Earl, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berger, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibson, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.25.525531</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Strain Tracking with Uncertainty Quantification]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.26.525725v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Costimulatory domains direct distinct fates of CAR-driven T cell dysfunction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.26.525725v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) engineered T cells often fail to enact effector functions after infusion into patients. Understanding the biological pathways that lead CAR T cells to failure is of critical importance in the design of more effective therapies. We developed and validated an in vitro model that drives T cell dysfunction through chronic CAR activation and interrogated how CAR costimulatory domains contribute to T cell failure. We found that dysfunctional CD28-based CARs targeting CD19 bear hallmarks of classical T cell exhaustion while dysfunctional 41BB-based CARs are phenotypically, transcriptionally and epigenetically distinct. We confirmed activation of this unique transcriptional program in CAR T cells that failed to control clinical disease. Further, we demonstrate that 41BB-dependent activation of the transcription factor FOXO3 is a significant contributor to this dysfunction and disruption of FOXO3 improves CAR T cell function. These findings identify that chronic activation of 41BB leads to novel state of T cell dysfunction that can be alleviated by genetic modification of FOXO3.

SummaryChronic stimulation of CARs containing the 41BB costimulatory domain leads to a novel state of T cell dysfunction that is distinct from T cell exhaustion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Selli, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landmann, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Terekhova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lattin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, Y.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, T.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warrington, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ha, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kingston, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hogg, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slade, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berrien-Elliot, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foster, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kersting-Schadek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruszczynska, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeNardo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fehniger, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Artyomov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.26.525725</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Costimulatory domains direct distinct fates of CAR-driven T cell dysfunction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.26.525727v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single fluorogen imaging reveals spatial inhomogeneities within biomolecular condensates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.26.525727v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biomolecular condensates are viscoelastic materials. Simulations predict that fluid-like condensations are defined by spatially inhomogeneous organization of the underlying molecules. Here, we test these predictions using single-fluorogen tracking and super-resolution imaging. Specifically, we leverage the localization and orientational preferences of freely diffusing fluorogens and the solvatochromic effect whereby specific fluorogens are turned on in response to condensate microenvironments. We deployed three different fluorogens to probe the microenvironments and molecular organization of different protein-based condensates. The spatiotemporal resolution and environmental sensitivity afforded by single-fluorogen imaging shows that the internal environments of condensates are more hydrophobic than coexisting dilute phases. Molecules within condensates are organized in a spatially inhomogeneous manner, and this gives rise to slow-moving nanoscale molecular clusters that coexist with fast-moving molecules. Fluorogens that localize preferentially to the interface help us map their distinct features. Our findings provide a structural and dynamical basis for the viscoelasticity of condensates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farag, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lew, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.26.525727</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single fluorogen imaging reveals spatial inhomogeneities within biomolecular condensates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.27.525901v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Autophagy Receptor NBR1 Directs the Clearance of Photodamaged Chloroplasts 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.27.525901v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ubiquitin-binding NBR1 autophagy receptor plays a prominent role in recognizing ubiquitylated protein aggregates for vacuolar degradation by macroautophagy. Here, we show that upon exposing Arabidopsis plants to intense light, NBR1 associates with photodamaged chloroplasts independently of ATG7, a core component of the canonical autophagy machinery. NBR1 coats both the surface and interior of chloroplasts, which is then followed by direct engulfment of the organelles into the central vacuole via a microautophagy-type process. The relocalization of NBR1 into chloroplasts does not require the chloroplast translocon complexes embedded in the envelope but is instead greatly enhanced by removing the self-oligomerization mPB1 domain of NBR1. The delivery of NBR1-decorated chloroplasts into vacuoles depends on the ubiquitin-binding UBA2 domain of NBR1 but is independent of the ubiquitin E3 ligases SP1 and PUB4, known to direct the ubiquitylation of chloroplast surface proteins. Compared to wild-type plants, nbr1 mutants have altered levels of a subset of chloroplast proteins and display abnormal chloroplast density and sizes upon high light exposure. We postulate that, as photodamaged chloroplasts lose envelope integrity, cytosolic ligases reach the chloroplast interior to ubiquitylate thylakoid and stroma proteins which are then recognized by NBR1 for autophagic clearance. This study uncovers a new function of NBR1 in the degradation of damaged chloroplasts by microautophagy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>V Chacko, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez Solis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barros, J. A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Signorelli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Havey Millar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vierstra, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eliceiri, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Otegui, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.27.525901</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Autophagy Receptor NBR1 Directs the Clearance of Photodamaged Chloroplasts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.27.525940v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HAT: de novo variant calling for highly accurate short-read and long-read sequencing data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.27.525940v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Motivationde novo variant (DNV) calling is challenging from parent-child sequenced trio data. We developed Hare And Tortoise (HAT) to work as an automated workflow to detect DNVs in highly accurate short-read and long-read sequencing data. Reliable detection of DNVs is important for human genetics studies (e.g., autism, epilepsy).

ResultsHAT is a workflow to detect DNVs from short-read and long read sequencing data. This workflow begins with aligned read data (i.e., CRAM or BAM) from a parent-child sequenced trio and outputs DNVs. HAT detects high-quality DNVs from short-read whole-exome sequencing, short-read wholegenome sequencing, and highly accurate long-read sequencing data.

Availabilityhttps://github.com/TNTurnerLab/HAT

Contacttychele@wustl.edu

Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at bioRxiv.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ng, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, T. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.27.525940</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HAT: de novo variant calling for highly accurate short-read and long-read sequencing data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.27.525942v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dimerization mechanism of an inverted-topology ion channel in membranes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.27.525942v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many ion channels are multi-subunit complexes with a polar permeation pathway at the oligomeric interface, but their mechanisms of assembly into functional, thermodynamically stable units within the membrane are largely unknown. Here we characterize the assembly of the inverted-topology, homodimeric fluoride channel Fluc, leveraging a known mutation, N43S, that weakens Na+ binding to the dimer interface, thereby unlocking the complex. While single-channel recordings show Na+ is required for activation, single-molecule photobleaching and bulk Forster Resonance Energy Transfer experiments in lipid bilayers demonstrate that N43S Fluc monomers and dimers exist in dynamic equilibrium, even without Na+. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate this equilibrium is dominated by a differential in the lipid-solvation energetics of monomer and dimer, which stems from hydrophobic exposure of the polar ion pathway in the monomer. These results suggest a model wherein membrane-associated forces induce channel assembly while subsequent factors, in this case Na+ binding, result in channel activation.

TeaserMembrane morphology energetics foster inverted-topology Fluc channels to form dimers, which then become active upon Na+ binding.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ernst, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orabi, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stockbridge, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faraldo-Gomez, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robertson, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.27.525942</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dimerization mechanism of an inverted-topology ion channel in membranes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.27.525982v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exponential increase in QTL detection with increased sample size. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.27.525982v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Power analyses are often used to determine the number of animals required for a genome wide association analysis (GWAS). These analyses are typically intended to estimate the sample size needed for at least one locus to exceed a genome-wide significance threshold. A related question that is less commonly considered is the number of significant loci that will be discovered with a given sample size. We used simulations based on a real dataset that consisted of 3,173 male and female adult N/NIH heterogeneous stock (HS) rats to explore the relationship between sample size and the number of significant loci discovered. Our simulations examined the number of loci identified in sub-samples of the full dataset. The sub-sampling analysis was conducted for four traits with low (0.15 {+/-} 0.03), medium (0.31 {+/-} 0.03 and 0.36 {+/-} 0.03) and high (0.46 {+/-} 0.03) SNP-based heritabilities. For each trait, we sub-sampled the data 100 times at different sample sizes (500, 1,000, 1,500, 2,000, and 2,500). We observed an exponential increase in the number of significant loci with larger sample sizes. Our results are consistent with similar observations in human GWAS and imply that future rodent GWAS should use sample sizes that are significantly larger than those needed to obtain a single significant result.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chitre, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polesskaya, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munro, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohammadi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holl, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bimschleger, H. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia Martinez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gileta, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horvath, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ishiwari, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamparelli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Versaggi, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>St. Pierre, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tripi, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richards, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flagel, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solberg Woods, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.27.525982</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exponential increase in QTL detection with increased sample size.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.28.526031v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Arrhythmia-associated Calmodulin Variants Interact with KCNQ1 to Confer Aberrant Membrane Trafficking and Function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.28.526031v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RationaleMissense variants in calmodulin (CaM) predispose patients to arrhythmias associated with high mortality rates. As CaM regulates several key cardiac ion channels, a mechanistic understanding of CaM variant-associated arrhythmias requires elucidating individual CaM variant effect on distinct channels. One key CaM regulatory target is the KCNQ1 (KV7.1) voltage-gated potassium channel that underlie the IKs current. Yet, relatively little is known as to how CaM variants interact with KCNQ1 or affect its function.

ObjectiveTo observe how arrhythmia-associated CaM variants affect binding to KCNQ1, channel membrane trafficking, and KCNQ1 function.

Methods and ResultsWe combine a live-cell FRET binding assay, fluorescence trafficking assay, and functional electrophysiology to characterize >10 arrhythmia-associated CaM variants effect on KCNQ1. We identify one variant (G114W) that exhibits severely weakened binding to KCNQ1 but find that most other CaM variants interact with similar binding affinity to KCNQ1 when compared to CaM wild-type over physiological Ca2+ ranges. We further identify several CaM variants that affect KCNQ1 and IKs membrane trafficking and/or baseline current activation kinetics, thereby contextualizing KCNQ1 dysfunction in calmodulinopathy. Lastly, we delineate CaM variants with no effect on KCNQ1 function.

ConclusionsThis study provides comprehensive functional data that reveal how CaM variants contribute to creating a pro-arrhythmic substrate by causing abnormal KCNQ1 membrane trafficking and current conduction. We find that CaM variant regulation of KCNQ1 is not uniform with effects varying from benign to significant loss of function. This study provides a new approach to collecting details of CaM binding that are key for understanding how CaM variants predispose patients to arrhythmia via the dysregulation of multiple cardiac ion channels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kang, P. w.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodbury, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angsutararux, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sambare, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marras, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abella, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bedi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zinn, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.28.526031</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Arrhythmia-associated Calmodulin Variants Interact with KCNQ1 to Confer Aberrant Membrane Trafficking and Function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.29.526136v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Improved Ethanol Tolerance and Production in Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.29.526136v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ethanol, a naturally synthesized compound by Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast through alcoholic fermentation, has previously been studied as a renewable alternative to traditional fossil fuels. However, current challenges of engineering S. cerevisiae strains for ethanol production remain: low ethanol productivity, inefficient substrate catabolism, and a buildup of toxic products to inhibitory levels. In this study, we proposed a method of metabolic rewiring via the deletion of the pda1 gene, which leads to pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) deficiency. The {Delta}pda1 mutant strain was created by CRISPR Cas-9 knockout using the constructed pCRCT-PDA1 plasmid. Subsequently, mutant candidates were screened by PCR and Sanger sequencing, confirming a 17 bp deletion in the pda1 gene. The wild-type and mutant strains were analyzed for growth under aerobic and anaerobic conditions in glucose and glycerol, as well as ethanol production and tolerance. The {Delta}pda1 mutant displays a ~two-fold increase in anaerobic ethanol production and an aerobic growth defect with no observed increase in ethanol production. The mutant is also hyper-tolerant to ethanol, which allows a faster buildup of products in growth media with minimal reduction in growth. This new S. cerevisiae strain deficient in PDH may provide a solution to the efficient and abundant synthesis of biofuels such as ethanol by redirecting metabolic flux and altering stress response.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ranaivoarisoa, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bose, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.29.526136</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Improved Ethanol Tolerance and Production in Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.31.526502v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional Trajectories after Zebrafish Spinal Cord Transection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.31.526502v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adult zebrafish are capable of anatomical and functional recovery following severe spinal cord injury. Axon growth, glial bridging and adult neurogenesis are hallmarks of cellular regeneration during spinal cord repair. However, the correlation between these cellular regenerative processes and functional recovery remains to be elucidated. Whereas the majority of established functional regeneration metrics measure swim capacity, we hypothesize that gait quality is more directly related to neurological health. Here, we performed a longitudinal swim tracking study for sixty individual zebrafish spanning eight weeks of spinal cord regeneration. Multiple swim parameters as well as axonal and glial bridging were integrated. We established rostral compensation as a new gait quality metric that highly correlates with functional recovery. Tensor component analysis of longitudinal data supports a correspondence between functional recovery trajectories and neurological outcomes. Moreover, our studies predicted and validated that a subset of functional regeneration parameters measured 1 to 2 weeks post-injury is sufficient to predict the regenerative outcomes of individual animals at 8 weeks post-injury. Our findings established new functional regeneration parameters and generated a comprehensive correlative database between various functional and cellular regeneration outputs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jensen, N. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burris, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamada, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reyes, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mokalled, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.31.526502</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional Trajectories after Zebrafish Spinal Cord Transection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.30.526323v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Kv12-Encoded K+ Channels Drive the Day-Night Switch in the Repetitive Firing Rates of SCN Neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.30.526323v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Considerable evidence suggests that day-night rhythms in the functional expression of subthreshold potassium (K+) channels regulate daily oscillations in the rates of spontaneous action potential firing of neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the master circadian pacemaker in mammals. The K+ conductance(s) driving these daily rhythms in repetitive firing rates, however, have not been identified. To test the hypothesis that subthreshold Kv12.1/Kv12.2-encoded K+ channels play a role, we obtained current-clamp recordings from SCN neurons in slices prepared from adult mice harboring targeted disruptions in the Kcnh8 (Kv12.1-/-) or Kcnh3 (Kv12.2-/-) locus. We found that mean nighttime repetitive firing rates were higher in Kv12.1-/- and Kv12.2-/-, than in wild type (WT), SCN neurons. In marked contrast, mean daytime repetitive firing rates were similar in Kv12.1-/-, Kv12.2-/- and WT SCN neurons, and the day-night difference in mean repetitive firing rates, a hallmark feature of WT SCN neurons, was eliminated in Kv12.1-/- and Kv12.2-/- SCN neurons. Similar results were obtained with in vivo shRNA-mediated acute knockdown of Kv12.1 or Kv12.2 in adult SCN neurons. Voltage-clamp experiments revealed that Kv12-encoded current densities in WT SCN neurons are higher at night than during the day. In addition, pharmacological block of Kv12-encoded currents increased the mean repetitive firing rate of nighttime, but not daytime, in WT SCN neurons. Dynamic clamp-mediated subtraction of modeled Kv12-encoded currents also selectively increased the mean repetitive firing rates of nighttime WT SCN neurons. Despite the elimination of nighttime decrease in the mean repetitive firing rates of SCN neurons, however, locomotor (wheel-running) activity remained rhythmic in Kv12.1-/-, Kv12.2-/-, Kv12.1-targeted shRNA-expressing, and Kv12.2-targeted shRNA-expressing animals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hermanstyne, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, N.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Granados-Fuentes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mellor, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jegla, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herzog, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nerbonne, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.30.526323</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Kv12-Encoded K+ Channels Drive the Day-Night Switch in the Repetitive Firing Rates of SCN Neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.30.526332v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metabolomics reveals nucleoside analogs for regulating mucosal-associated invariant T cell responses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.30.526332v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells recognize riboflavin-like metabolites from Gram-negative bacteria, MAIT cell stimulation by broad bacterial families and mammalian cells suggests the existence of novel ligands from different biological sources. Here we established a comparative platform of functional metabolomics and used Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a model to characterize novel metabolites for MAIT cell activation. We extracted and fractionated small metabolites of M. tuberculosis using high-performance liquid chromatography, showing a different MAIT cell stimulation pattern of M. tuberculosis metabolite fractions in comparison with Escherichia coli fractions. Mass profiling predicted multiple nucleoside analogs enriched in a biologically active fraction of M. tuberculosis. Whereas the synthetic forms of these predicted M. tuberculosis nucleosides were unavailable, structural-based autodocking of analogous nucleosides conserved in mammals supported potential binding with MR1 protein. Indeed, functional assays of these conserved nucleosides demonstrated guanosine as a stimulator and deoxyformyluridine as an inhibitor of MAIT cell activation. Identification of bioactive nucleoside metabolites broadly conserved in bacterial and mammalian systems will facilitate an understanding of the regulatory roles of MAIT cells in infectious and inflammatory conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sallans, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kh, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choubey, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newburg, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huaman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.30.526332</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metabolomics reveals nucleoside analogs for regulating mucosal-associated invariant T cell responses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.02.526753v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Replicative Acinetobacter baumannii strains interfere with phagosomal maturation by modulating the vacuolar pH 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.02.526753v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacterial pneumonia is a common infection of the lower respiratory tract that can afflict patients of all ages. Multidrug-resistant strains of Acinetobacter baumannii are increasingly responsible for causing nosocomial pneumonias, thus posing an urgent threat. Alveolar macrophages play a critical role in overcoming respiratory infections caused by this pathogen. Recently, we and others have shown that new clinical isolates of A. baumannii, but not the common lab strain ATCC 19606 (19606), can persist and replicate in macrophages within spacious vacuoles that we called Acinetobacter Containing Vacuoles (ACV). In this work, we demonstrate that the modern A. baumannii clinical isolate 398, but not the lab strain 19606, can infect alveolar macrophages and produce ACVs in vivo in a murine pneumonia model. Both strains initially interact with the alveolar macrophage endocytic pathway, as indicated by EEA1 and LAMP1 markers; however, the fate of these strains diverges at a later stage. While 19606 is eliminated in an autophagy pathway, 398 replicates in ACVs and are not degraded. We show that 398 reverts the natural acidification of the phagosome by secreting large amounts of ammonia, a by-product of amino acid catabolism. We propose that this ability to survive within macrophages may be critical for the persistence of clinical A. baumannii isolates in the lung during a respiratory infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Distel, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Venanzio, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mackel, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feldman, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.02.526753</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Replicative Acinetobacter baumannii strains interfere with phagosomal maturation by modulating the vacuolar pH]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.31.526475v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FHF2 phosphorylation and regulation of native myocardial NaV1.5 channels 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.31.526475v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phosphorylation of the cardiac NaV1.5 channel pore-forming subunit is extensive and critical in modulating channel expression and function, yet the regulation of NaV1.5 by phosphorylation of its accessory proteins remains elusive. Using a phosphoproteomic analysis of NaV channel complexes purified from mouse left ventricles, we identified nine phosphorylation sites on Fibroblast growth factor Homologous Factor 2 (FHF2). To determine the roles of phosphosites in regulating NaV1.5, we developed two models from neonatal and adult mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes in which FHF2 expression is knockdown and rescued by WT, phosphosilent or phosphomimetic FHF2-VY. While the increased rates of closed-state and open-state inactivation of NaV channels induced by the FHF2 knockdown are completely restored by the FHF2-VY isoform in adult cardiomyocytes, sole a partial rescue is obtained in neonatal cardiomyocytes. The FHF2 knockdown also shifts the voltage-dependence of activation towards hyperpolarized potentials in neonatal cardiomyocytes, which is not rescued by FHF2-VY. Parallel investigations showed that the FHF2-VY isoform is predominant in adult cardiomyocytes, while expression of FHF2-VY and FHF2-A is comparable in neonatal cardiomyocytes. Similar to WT FHF2-VY, however, each FHF2-VY phosphomutant restores the NaV channel inactivation properties in both models, preventing identification of FHF2 phosphosite roles. FHF2 knockdown also increases the late Na+ current in adult cardiomyocytes, which is restored similarly by WT and phosphosilent FHF2-VY. Together, our results demonstrate that ventricular FHF2 is highly phosphorylated, implicate differential roles for FHF2 in regulating neonatal and adult mouse ventricular NaV1.5, and suggest that the regulation of NaV1.5 by FHF2 phosphorylation is highly complex.

eTOC SummaryLesage et al. identify the phosphorylation sites of FHF2 from mouse left ventricular NaV1.5 channel complexes. While no roles for FHF2 phosphosites could be recognized yet, the findings demonstrate differential FHF2-dependent regulation of neonatal and adult mouse ventricular NaV1.5 channels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lesage, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorenzini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarlandie, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bibault, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maloney, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Townsend, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nerbonne, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marionneau, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.31.526475</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FHF2 phosphorylation and regulation of native myocardial NaV1.5 channels]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.31.526478v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Serial Capture Affinity Purification and Integrated Structural Modeling of the H3K4me3 Binding and DNA Damage Related WDR76:SPIN1 Complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.31.526478v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
WDR76 is a multifunctional protein involved in many cellular functions. With a diverse and complicated protein interaction network, dissecting the structure and function of specific WDR76 complexes is needed. We previously demonstrated the ability of the Serial Capture Affinity Purification (SCAP) method to isolate specific complexes by introducing two proteins of interest as baits at the same time. Here, we applied SCAP to dissect a subpopulation of WDR76 in complex with SPIN1, a histone marker reader that specifically recognizes trimethylated histone H3 lysine4 (H3K4me3). In contrast to the SCAP analysis of the SPIN1:SPINDOC complex, H3K4me3 was copurified with the WDR76:SPIN1 complex. In combination with crosslinking mass spectrometry, we built an integrated structural model of the complex which revealed that SPIN1 recognized the H3K4me3 epigenetic mark while interacting with WDR76. Lastly, interaction network analysis of copurifying proteins revealed the potential role of the WDR76:SPIN1 complex in the DNA damage response.

TeaserIn contrast to the SPINDOC/SPIN1 complex, analyses reveal that the WDR76/SPIN1 complex interacts with core histones and is involved in DNA damage.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banks, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lange, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cesare, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharya, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slaughter, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unruh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Florens, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Workman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Washburn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.31.526478</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Serial Capture Affinity Purification and Integrated Structural Modeling of the H3K4me3 Binding and DNA Damage Related WDR76:SPIN1 Complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.31.526532v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extracellular Vesicles from Inflammation-Primed Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Enhance Achilles Tendon Repair by Reducing Inflammation and Promoting Intrinsic Healing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.31.526532v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Achilles tendon rupture is a common sports-related tendon injury. Even with advanced clinical treatments, many patients suffer from long-term pain and reduced function. These unsatisfactory outcomes result primarily from an imbalanced injury response with excessive inflammation and inadequate regeneration. Prior studies showed that extracellular vesicles from inflammation-primed adipose-derived stem cells (iEVs) can attenuate inflammation in the early phase of tendon healing. However, the effect of iEVs on tendon inflammation and regeneration in the later phases of tendon healing and the underlying mechanism remain to be determined. Accordingly, this study investigated the mechanistic roles of iEVs in regulating tendon response to injury using a mouse Achilles tendon injury and repair model in vivo and iEV-macrophage and iEV-tendon cell co-culture models in vitro. Results showed that iEVs promoted tendon anti-inflammatory gene expression and reduced mononuclear cell infiltration in the remodeling phase of tendon healing. iEVs also increased injury site collagen deposition and promoted tendon structural recovery. As such, mice treated with iEVs showed less peritendinous scar formation, much lower incidence of postoperative tendon gap or rupture, and faster functional recovery compared to untreated mice. Further in vitro study revealed that iEVs both inhibited macrophage inflammatory response and increased tendon cell proliferation and collagen production. The iEV effects were partially mediated by miR-147-3p, which blocks the toll-like receptor 4/NF-{kappa}B signaling pathway that activates macrophage M1 polarization. The combined results demonstrated that iEVs are a promising therapeutic agent, which can enhance tendon repair by attenuating inflammation and promoting intrinsic healing.

Significance statementUsing a clinically relevant mouse Achilles tendon injury and repair model, this study revealed that iEVs, a biological product generated from inflammation-primed adipose-derived stem cells, can directly target both macrophages and tendon cells and enhance tendon structural and functional recovery by limiting inflammation and promoting intrinsic healing. Results further identified miR-147-3p as one of the active components of iEVs that modulate macrophage inflammatory response by inhibiting toll-like receptor 4/NF-{kappa}B signaling pathway. These promising findings paved the road toward clinical application of iEVs in the treatment of tendon injury and other related disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lane, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.31.526532</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extracellular Vesicles from Inflammation-Primed Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Enhance Achilles Tendon Repair by Reducing Inflammation and Promoting Intrinsic Healing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.01.526675v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SCCA1/SERPINB3 promotes suppressive immune environment via STAT-dependent chemokine production, blunting the therapy-induced T cell responses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.01.526675v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Radiotherapy is a commonly used cancer treatment; however, patients with high serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA1/SERPINB3) are associated with resistance and poor prognosis. Despite being a strong clinical biomarker, the modulation of SERPINB3 in tumor immunity is poorly understood. We investigated the microenvironment of SERPINB3 high tumors through RNAseq of primary cervix tumors and found that SERPINB3 was positively correlated with CXCL1/8, S100A8/A9 and myeloid cell infiltration. Induction of SERPINB3 in vitro resulted in increased CXCL1/8 and S100A8/A9 production, and supernatants from SERPINB3-expressing cultures attracted monocytes and MDSCs. In murine tumors, the orthologue mSerpinB3a promoted MDSC, TAM, and M2 macrophage infiltration contributing to an immunosuppressive phenotype, which was further augmented upon radiation. Radiation-enhanced T cell response was muted in SERPINB3 tumors, whereas Treg expansion was observed. A STAT-dependent mechanism was implicated, whereby inhibiting STAT signaling with ruxolitinib abrogated suppressive chemokine production. Patients with elevated pre-treatment serum SCCA and high pSTAT3 had increased intratumoral CD11b+ myeloid cell compared to patients with low SCCA and pSTAT3 cohort that had overall improved cancer specific survival after radiotherapy. These findings provide a preclinical rationale for targeting STAT signaling in tumors with high SERPINB3 to counteract the immunosuppressive microenvironment and improve response to radiation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Markovina, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freeman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruiz, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jayachandran, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cosper, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luke, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spina, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grigsby, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwarz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.01.526675</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SCCA1/SERPINB3 promotes suppressive immune environment via STAT-dependent chemokine production, blunting the therapy-induced T cell responses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.01.526676v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adipocyte lipin 1 is positively associated with metabolic health in humans and regulates systemic metabolism in mice. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.01.526676v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dysfunctional adipose tissue is believed to promote the development of hepatic steatosis and systemic insulin resistance, but many of the mechanisms involved are still unclear. Lipin 1 catalyzes the conversion of phosphatidic acid to diacylglycerol (DAG), the penultimate step of triglyceride synthesis, which is essential for lipid storage. Herein we found that adipose tissue LPIN1 expression is decreased in people with obesity compared to lean subjects and low LPIN1 expression correlated with multi-tissue insulin resistance and increased rates of hepatic de novo lipogenesis. Comprehensive metabolic and multi-omic phenotyping demonstrated that adipocyte-specific Lpin1-/- mice had a metabolically-unhealthy phenotype, including liver and skeletal muscle insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, increased hepatic de novo lipogenesis, and transcriptomic signatures of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis that was exacerbated by high-fat diets. We conclude that adipocyte lipin 1-mediated lipid storage is vital for preserving adipose tissue and systemic metabolic health and its loss predisposes mice to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>LaPoint, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singer, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferguson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shew, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>RenKemeyer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palacios, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Field, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shankaran, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, G. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoshino, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patti, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hellerstein, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brestoff, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finck, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lutkewitte, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.01.526676</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adipocyte lipin 1 is positively associated with metabolic health in humans and regulates systemic metabolism in mice.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.01.526701v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An electrochemical approach for rapid, sensitive, and selective detection of dynorphin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.01.526701v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The endogenous opioid peptide systems are critical for analgesia, reward processing, and affect, but research on their release dynamics and function has been challenging. Here, we have developed microimmunoelectrodes (MIEs) for the electrochemical detection of opioid peptides using square-wave voltammetry. Briefly, a voltage is applied to the electrode to cause oxidation of the tyrosine residue on the opioid peptide of interest, which is detected as current. To provide selectivity to these voltammetric measurements, the carbon fiber surface of the MIE is coated with an antiserum selective to the opioid peptide of interest. To test the sensitivity of the MIEs, electrodes are immersed in solutions containing different concentrations of opioid peptides, and peak oxidative current is measured. We show that dynorphin antiserum-coated electrodes are sensitive to increasing concentrations of dynorphin in the attomolar range. To confirm selectivity, we also measured the oxidative current from exposure to tyrosine and other opioid peptides in solution. Our data show that dynorphin antiserum-coated MIEs are sensitive and selective for dynorphin with little to no oxidative current observed in met-enkephalin and tyrosine solutions. Additionally, we demonstrate the utility of these MIEs in an in vitro brain slice preparation using bath application of dynorphin as well as optogenetic activation of dynorphin release. Future work aims to use MIEs in vivo for real-time, rapid detection of endogenous opioid peptide release in awake, behaving animals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Conway, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gardiner, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, R.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gereau, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuede, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cirrito, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCall, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Hasani, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.01.526701</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An electrochemical approach for rapid, sensitive, and selective detection of dynorphin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.02.526674v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CDK4/6 inhibition enhances SHP2 inhibitor efficacy and is dependent upon restoration of RB function in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.02.526674v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) are highly aggressive soft tissue sarcomas with limited treatment options, and novel effective therapeutic strategies are desperately needed. We observe anti-proliferative efficacy of genetic depletion or pharmacological inhibition using the clinically available SHP2 inhibitor (SHP2i) TNO155. Our studies into the signaling response to SHP2i reveal that resistance to TNO155 is partially mediated by reduced RB function, and we therefore test the addition of a CDK4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i) to enhance RB activity and improve TNO155 efficacy. In combination, TNO155 attenuates the adaptive response to CDK4/6i, potentiates its anti-proliferative effects, and converges on enhancement of RB activity, with greater suppression of cell cycle and inhibitor-of-apoptosis proteins, leading to deeper and more durable anti-tumor activity in in vitro and in vivo patient-derived models of MPNST, relative to either single agent. Overall, our study provides timely evidence to support the clinical advancement of this combination strategy in patients with MPNST and other tumors driven by loss of NF1.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calizo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pino, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pollard, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larsson, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conniff, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Llosa, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wood, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Largaespada, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moody, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gosline, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirbe, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pratilas, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.02.526674</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CDK4/6 inhibition enhances SHP2 inhibitor efficacy and is dependent upon restoration of RB function in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.02.526866v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phenelzine-based probes reveal Secernin-3 is involved in thermal nociception 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.02.526866v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chemical platforms that facilitate both the identification and elucidation of new areas for therapeutic development are necessary but lacking. Activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) leverages active site-directed chemical probes as target discovery tools that resolve activity from expression and immediately marry the targets identified with lead compounds for drug design. However, this approach has traditionally focused on predictable and intrinsic enzyme functionality. Here, we applied our activity-based proteomics discovery platform to map non-encoded and post-translationally acquired enzyme functionalities (e.g. cofactors) in vivo using chemical probes that exploit the nucleophilic hydrazine pharmacophores found in a classic antidepressant drug (e.g. phenelzine, Nardil (R)). We show the probes are in vivo active and can map proteome-wide tissue-specific target engagement of the drug. In addition to engaging targets (flavoenzymes monoamine oxidase A/B) that are associated with the known therapeutic mechanism as well as several other members of the flavoenzyme family, the probes captured the previously discovered N-terminal glyoxylyl (Glox) group of Secernin-3 (SCRN3) in vivo through a divergent mechanism, indicating this functional feature has biochemical activity in the brain. SCRN3 protein is ubiquitously expressed in the brain, yet gene expression is regulated by inflammatory stimuli. In an inflammatory pain mouse model, behavioral assessment of nociception showed Scrn3 male knockout mice selectively exhibited impaired thermal nociceptive sensitivity. Our study provides a guided workflow to entangle molecular (off)targets and pharmacological mechanisms for therapeutic development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bustin, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shishikura, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McNight, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pei, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arellano, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morton, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gregus, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buczynski, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matthews, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.02.526866</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phenelzine-based probes reveal Secernin-3 is involved in thermal nociception]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.01.526652v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Missense mutations in CRX homeodomain cause dominant retinopathies through two distinct mechanisms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.01.526652v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Homeodomain transcription factors (HD TFs) are instrumental to vertebrate development. Mutations in HD TFs have been linked to human diseases, but their pathogenic mechanisms remain elusive. Here we use Cone-Rod Homeobox (CRX) as a model to decipher the disease-causing mechanisms of two HD mutations, p.E80A and p.K88N, that produce severe dominant retinopathies. Through integrated analysis of molecular and functional evidence in vitro and in knock-in mouse models, we uncover two novel gain-of-function mechanisms: p.E80A increases CRX-mediated transactivation of canonical CRX target genes in developing photoreceptors; p.K88N alters CRX DNA-binding specificity resulting in binding at ectopic sites and severe perturbation of CRX target gene expression. Both mechanisms produce novel retinal morphological defects and hinder photoreceptor maturation distinct from loss-of-function models. This study reveals the distinct roles of E80 and K88 residues in CRX HD regulatory functions and emphasizes the importance of transcriptional precision in normal development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruzycki, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.01.526652</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Missense mutations in CRX homeodomain cause dominant retinopathies through two distinct mechanisms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.05.527205v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
C-terminus induced asymmetry within a Rad52 homodecamer dictates single-position Rad51 nucleation in homologous recombination 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.05.527205v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Homologous recombination (HR) is a pathway for the accurate repair of double-stranded DNA breaks. These breaks are resected to yield single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) that are coated by Replication Protein A (RPA). Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad52 is a mediator protein that promotes HR by facilitating formation of Rad51 nucleoprotein filaments on RPA-coated ssDNA. Canonically, Rad52 has been described to function by displacing RPA to promote Rad51 binding. However, in vitro, Rad51 readily forms a filament by displacing RPA in the absence of Rad52. Yet, in vivo, Rad52 is essential for HR. Here, we resolve how Rad52 functions as a mediator using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and biophysical approaches. We show that Rad52 functions as a homodecamer and catalyzes single-position nucleation of Rad51. The N-terminal half of Rad52 is a well-ordered ring, while the C-terminal half is disordered. An intrinsic asymmetry within Rad52 is observed, where one or a few of the C-terminal halves interact with the ordered N-terminal ring. Within the C-terminal half, we identify two conserved charged patches that harbor the Rad51 and RPA interacting motifs. Interactions between these two charged patches regulate a ssDNA binding. These features drive Rad51 binding to a single position on the Rad52 decameric ring. We propose a Rad52 catalyzed single-position nucleation model for the formation of pre-synaptic Rad51 filaments in HR.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Deveryshetty, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chadda, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mattice, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karunakaran, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rau, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basore, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pokhrel, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Englander, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitzpatrick, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bothner, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antony, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.05.527205</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[C-terminus induced asymmetry within a Rad52 homodecamer dictates single-position Rad51 nucleation in homologous recombination]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.06.526967v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Physiological adaptation in flagellar architecture improves Vibrio alginolyticus chemotaxis in complex environments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.06.526967v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacteria navigate natural habitats with a wide range of mechanical properties, from the ocean to the digestive tract and soil, by rotating helical flagella like propellers. Species differ in the number, position, and shape of their flagella, but the adaptive value of these flagellar architectures is unclear. Many species traverse multiple types of environments, such as pathogens inside and outside a host.

We investigate the hypothesis that flagellar architectures mediate environment-specific benefits in the marine pathogen Vibrio alginolyticus which exhibits physiological adaptation to the mechanical environment. In addition to its single polar flagellum, the bacterium produces lateral flagella in environments that differ mechanically from water. These are known to facilitate surface motility and attachment. We use high-throughput 3D bacterial tracking to quantify chemotactic performance of both flagellar architectures in three archetypes of mechanical environments relevant to the bacteriums native habitats: water, polymer solutions, and hydrogels. We reveal that lateral flagella impede chemotaxis in water by lowering the swimming speed but improve chemotaxis in both types of complex environments. Statistical trajectory analysis reveals two distinct underlying behavioral mechanisms: In viscous solutions of the polymer PVP K90, lateral flagella increase the swimming speed. In agar hydrogels, despite lowering the swimming speed, lateral flagella improve overall chemotactic performance by preventing trapping in pores.

Our findings show that lateral flagella are multi-purpose tools with a wide range of applications beyond surfaces. They implicate flagellar architecture as a mediator of environment-specific benefits and point to a rich space of bacterial navigation behaviors in complex environments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Grognot, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nam, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elson, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taute, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.06.526967</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Physiological adaptation in flagellar architecture improves Vibrio alginolyticus chemotaxis in complex environments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.06.527254v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NLRP1 inflammasome modulates senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.06.527254v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Senescence is a cellular aging-related process triggered by different stresses and characterized by the secretion of various inflammatory factors referred to as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Here, we present evidence that the inflammasome sensor, NLRP1, is a key mediator of senescence induced by irradiation both in vitro and in vivo. The NLRP1 inflammasome promotes senescence by regulating the expression of p16, p21, p53, and SASP in Gasdermin D (GSDMD)-dependent manner as these responses are reduced in conditions of NLRP1 insufficiency or GSDMD inhibition. Mechanistically, the NLRP1 inflammasome is activated downstream of the cytosolic DNA sensor cGMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) in response to genomic damage. These findings provide a rationale for inhibiting the NLRP1 inflammasome-GSDMD axis to treat senescence-driven disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Muela-Zarzuela, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suarez-Rivero, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallardo-Orihuela, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Izawa, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Gregorio-Procopio, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Couillin, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryffel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kitaura, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von Zglinicki, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mbalaviele, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cordero, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.06.527254</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NLRP1 inflammasome modulates senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.06.527293v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TFEB-vacuolar ATPase signaling regulates lysosomal function and microglial activation in tauopathy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.06.527293v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcription factor EB (TFEB) mediates gene expression through binding to the Coordinated Lysosome Expression And Regulation (CLEAR) sequence. TFEB targets include subunits of the vacuolar ATPase (v-ATPase) essential for lysosome acidification. Single nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) of wild-type and PS19 (Tau) transgenic mice identified three unique microglia subclusters in Tau mice that were associated with heightened lysosome and immune pathway genes. To explore the lysosome-immune relationship, we specifically disrupted the TFEB-v-ATPase signaling by creating a knock-in mouse line in which the CLEAR sequence of one of the v-ATPase subunits, Atp6v1h, was mutated. We show that the CLEAR mutant exhibited a muted response to TFEB, resulting in impaired lysosomal acidification and activity. Crossing the CLEAR mutant with Tau mice led to higher tau pathology but diminished microglia response. These microglia were enriched in a subcluster low in mTOR and HIF-1 pathways and was locked in a homeostatic state. Our studies demonstrate a physiological function of TFEB-v-ATPase signaling in maintaining lysosomal homoeostasis and a critical role of the lysosome in mounting a microglia and immune response in tauopathy and Alzheimers disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martini-Stoica, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, T.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sardiello, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.06.527293</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TFEB-vacuolar ATPase signaling regulates lysosomal function and microglial activation in tauopathy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.06.527390v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
C3 in the 10-20 system may not be the best target for the motor hand area 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.06.527390v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The C3 region in the international 10-20 system for electroencephalography (EEG) recording is assumed to represent the right motor hand area. Therefore, in the absence of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) or a neuronavigational system, neuromodulation methods, such as transcranial direct current stimulation, target C3 or C4, based on the international 10-20 system, to influence the cortical excitability of the right and left hand, respectively. The purpose of this study is to compare the peak-to-peak motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitudes of the right first dorsal interosseus (FDI) muscle after single-pulse TMS at C3, C3h, and C1. Using an intensity of 110% of the resting motor threshold, 15 individual MEPs from each of C3, C3h, C1, and hotspots were randomly recorded from FDI for sixteen right-handed undergraduate students. Average MEPs were greatest at C3h and C1, with both being larger than those recorded at C3. These data are congruent with recent findings using topographic analysis of individual MRIs that revealed poor correspondence between C3/C4 and the respective hand knob. Implications for the use of scalp locations determined using the 10-20 system for localizing the hand area are highlighted.

HighlightsO_LIMEPs recorded at C3h and C1 were larger than those recorded at C3.
C_LIO_LIScalp locations other than C3 offer a more accurate estimation of human hand area.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rhee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.06.527390</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[C3 in the 10-20 system may not be the best target for the motor hand area]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.06.527410v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Horizontal gene transfer and CRISPR targeting drive phage-bacterial host interactions and co-evolution in pink berry marine microbial aggregates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.06.527410v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacteriophages (phages), viruses that infect bacteria, are the most abundant components of microbial communities and play roles in community dynamics and host evolution. The study of phage-host interactions, however, is made difficult by a paucity of model systems from natural environments and known and cultivable phage-host pairs. Here, we investigate phage-host interactions in the "pink berry" consortia, naturally-occurring, low-diversity, macroscopic aggregates of bacteria found in the Sippewissett Salt Marsh (Falmouth, MA, USA). We leverage metagenomic sequence data and a comparative genomics approach to identify eight compete phage genomes, infer their bacterial hosts from host-encoded clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), and observe the potential evolutionary consequences of these interactions. Seven of the eight phages identified infect the known pink berry symbionts Desulfofustis sp. PB-SRB1, Thiohalocapsa sp. PB-PSB1, and Rhodobacteraceae sp. A2, and belong to entirely novel viral taxa, except for one genome which represents the second member of the Knuthellervirus genus. We further observed increased nucleotide variation over a region of a conserved phage capsid gene that is commonly targeted by host CRISPR systems, suggesting that CRISPRs may drive phage evolution in pink berries. Finally, we identified a predicted phage lysin gene that was horizontally transferred to its bacterial host, potentially via a transposon intermediary, emphasizing the role of phages in bacterial evolution in pink berries. Taken together, our results demonstrate that pink berry consortia contain diverse and variable phages, and provide evidence for phage-host co-evolution via multiple mechanisms in a natural microbial system.

IMPORTANCEPhages (viruses that infect bacteria) are important components of all microbial systems, where they drive the turnover of organic matter by lysing host cells, facilitate horizontal gene transfer (HGT), and co-evolve with their bacterial hosts. Bacteria resist phage infection, which is often costly or lethal, through a diversity of mechanisms. One of these mechanisms are CRISPR systems, which encode arrays of phage-derived sequences from past infections to block subsequent infection with related phages. Here, we investigate bacteria and phage populations from a simple marine microbial community known as "pink berries" found in salt marshes of Falmouth, Massachusetts, as a model of phage-host co-evolution. We identify eight novel phages, and characterize a case of putative CRISPR-driven phage evolution and an instance of HGT between phage and host, together suggesting that phages have large evolutionary impacts in a naturally-occuring microbial community.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kosmopolous, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitaker, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilbanks, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.06.527410</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Horizontal gene transfer and CRISPR targeting drive phage-bacterial host interactions and co-evolution in pink berry marine microbial aggregates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.06.527416v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inducing vulnerability to InhA inhibition restores isoniazid susceptibility in drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.06.527416v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Of the approximately 10 million cases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections each year, over 10% are resistant to the frontline antibiotic isoniazid (INH). INH resistance is predominantly caused by mutations that decrease the activity of the bacterial enzyme KatG, which mediates conversion of the pro-drug INH to its active form INH-NAD. We previously discovered an inhibitor of Mtb respiration, C10, that enhances the bactericidal activity of INH, prevents the emergence of INH-resistant mutants, and re-sensitizes a collection of INH-resistant mutants to INH through an unknown mechanism. To investigate the mechanism of action of C10, we exploited the toxicity of high concentrations of C10 to select for resistant mutants. We discovered two mutations that confer resistance to the disruption of energy metabolism and allow for growth of Mtb in high C10 concentrations, indicating that growth inhibition by C10 is associated with inhibition of respiration. Using these mutants as well as direct inhibitors of the Mtb electron transport chain, we provide evidence that inhibition of energy metabolism by C10 is neither sufficient nor necessary to potentiate killing by INH. Instead, we find that C10 acts downstream of INH-NAD synthesis, causing Mtb to become particularly sensitive to inhibition of the INH-NAD target, InhA, without changing the concentration of INH-NAD or the activity of InhA, the two predominant mechanisms of potentiating INH. Our studies revealed that there exists a vulnerability in Mtb that can be exploited to render Mtb sensitive to otherwise subinhibitory concentrations of InhA inhibitor.

SignificanceIsoniazid (INH) is a critical frontline antibiotic to treat Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections. INH efficacy is limited by its suboptimal penetration of the Mtb-containing lesion and by the prevalence of clinical INH-resistance. We previously discovered a compound, C10, that enhances the bactericidal activity of INH, prevents the emergence of INH-resistant mutants, and re-sensitizes a set of INH-resistant mutants to INH. Resistance is typically mediated by katG mutations that decrease the activation of INH, which is required for INH to inhibit the essential enzyme InhA. Our current work demonstrates that C10 re-sensitizes INH-resistant katG-hypomorphs without enhancing the activation of INH. We furthermore show that C10 causes Mtb to become particularly vulnerable to InhA inhibition without compromising InhA activity on its own. Therefore, C10 represents a novel strategy to curtail the development of INH resistance and to sensitize Mtb to sub-lethal doses of INH, such as those achieved at the infection site.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Harrison, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarkar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almqvist, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stallings, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.06.527416</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inducing vulnerability to InhA inhibition restores isoniazid susceptibility in drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.07.527479v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
POLCAM: Instant molecular orientation microscopy for the life sciences 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.07.527479v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Current methods for single-molecule orientation localization microscopy (SMOLM) require optical setups and algorithms that can be prohibitively slow and complex, limiting the widespread adoption for biological applications. We present POLCAM, a simplified SMOLM method based on polarized detection using a polarization camera, that can be easily implemented on any wide-field fluorescence microscope. To make polarization cameras compatible with single-molecule detection, we developed theory to minimize field of view errors, used simulations to optimize experimental design, and developed a fast algorithm based on Stokes parameter estimation which can operate over 1000 fold faster than the state of the art, enabling near instant determination of molecular anisotropy. To aid in the adoption of POLCAM, we developed open-source image analysis software, and a website detailing hardware installation and software use. To illustrate the potential of POLCAM in the life sciences, we applied our method to study alpha-synuclein fibrils, the actin cytoskeleton of mammalian cells, fibroblast-like cells and the plasma membrane of live human T cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bruggeman, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Needham, L.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koerbel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daly, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheetham, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klymchenko, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paluch, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klenerman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lew, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Holleran, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.07.527479</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[POLCAM: Instant molecular orientation microscopy for the life sciences]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.08.527714v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deep learning approaches to viral phylogeography are fast and as robust as likelihood methods to model misspecification 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.08.527714v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Analysis of phylogenetic trees has become an essential tool in epidemiology. Likelihood-based methods fit models to phylogenies to draw inferences about the phylodynamics and history of viral transmission. However, these methods are computationally expensive, which limits the complexity and realism of phylodynamic models and makes them ill-suited for informing policy decisions in real-time during rapidly developing outbreaks. Likelihood-free methods using deep learning are pushing the boundaries of inference beyond these constraints. In this paper, we extend, compare and contrast a recently developed deep learning method for likelihood-free inference from trees. We trained multiple deep neural networks using phylogenies from simulated outbreaks that spread among five locations and found they achieve close to the same levels of accuracy as Bayesian inference under the true simulation model. We compared robustness to model misspecification of a trained neural network to that of a Bayesian method. We found that both models had comparable performance, converging on similar biases. We also implemented a method of uncertainty quantification called conformalized quantile regression which we demonstrate has similar patterns of sensitivity to model misspecification as Bayesian highest posterior intervals (HPI) and greatly overlap with HPIs, but have lower precision (more conservative). Finally, we trained and tested a neural network against phylogeographic data from a recent study of the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic in Europe and obtained similar estimates of region-specific epidemiological parameters and the location of the common ancestor in Europe. Along with being as accurate and robust as likelihood-based methods, our trained neural networks are on average over 3 orders of magnitude faster. Our results support the notion that neural networks can be trained with simulated data to accurately mimic the good and bad statistical properties of the likelihood functions of generative phylogenetic models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thompson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liebeskind, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scully, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.08.527714</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deep learning approaches to viral phylogeography are fast and as robust as likelihood methods to model misspecification]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.09.527696v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development of White Matter Fiber Covariance Networks Supports Executive Function in Youth 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.09.527696v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The white matter architecture of the human brain undergoes substantial development throughout childhood and adolescence, allowing for more efficient signaling between brain regions that support executive function. Increasingly, the field understands grey matter development as a spatially and temporally coordinated mechanism that follows hierarchically organized gradients of change. While white matter development also appears asynchronous, previous studies have largely relied on anatomical atlases to characterize white matter tracts, precluding a direct assessment of how white matter structure is spatially and temporally coordinated. Here, we leveraged advances in diffusion modeling and unsupervised machine learning to delineate white matter fiber covariance networks comprised of structurally similar areas of white matter in a cross-sectional sample of 939 youth aged 8-22 years. We then evaluated associations between fiber covariance network structural properties with both age and executive function using generalized additive models. The identified fiber covariance networks aligned with the known architecture of white matter while simultaneously capturing novel spatial patterns of coordinated maturation. Fiber covariance networks showed heterochronous increases in fiber density and cross section that generally followed hierarchically organized temporal patterns of cortical development, with the greatest increases in unimodal sensorimotor networks and the most prolonged increases in superior and anterior transmodal networks. Notably, we found that executive function was associated with structural features of limbic and association networks. Taken together, this study delineates data-driven patterns of white matter network development that support cognition and align with major axes of brain maturation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bagautdinova, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourque, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sydnor, V. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cieslak, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexander-Bloch, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertolero, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gur, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gur, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larsen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radhakrishnan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roalf, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shinohara, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tapera, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sotiras, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davatzikos, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satterthwaite, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.09.527696</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development of White Matter Fiber Covariance Networks Supports Executive Function in Youth]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.09.527893v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evaluating the Performance of Widely Used Phylogenetic Models for Gene Expression Evolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.09.527893v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phylogenetic comparative methods are increasingly used to test hypotheses about the evolutionary processes that drive divergence in gene expression among species. However, it is unknown whether the distributional assumptions of phylogenetic models designed for quantitative phenotypic traits are realistic for expression data and importantly, the reliability of conclusions of phylogenetic comparative studies of gene expression may depend on whether the data is well-described by the chosen model. To evaluate this, we first fit several phylogenetic models of trait evolution to 8 previously published comparative expression datasets, comprising a total of 54,774 genes with 145,927 unique gene-tissue combinations. Using a previously developed approach, we then assessed how well the best model of the set described the data in an absolute (not just relative) sense. First, we find that Ornstein-Uhlenbeck models, in which expression values are constrained around an optimum, were the preferred model for 66% of gene-tissue combinations. Second, we find that for 61% of gene-tissue combinations, the best fit model of the set was found to perform well; the rest were found to be performing poorly by at least one of the test statistics we examined. Third, we find that when simple models do not perform well, this appears to be typically a consequence of failing to fully account for heterogeneity in the rate of the evolution. We advocate that assessment of model performance should become a routine component of phylogenetic comparative expression studies; doing so can improve the reliability of inferences and inspire the development of novel models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dimayacyac, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pennell, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.09.527893</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evaluating the Performance of Widely Used Phylogenetic Models for Gene Expression Evolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.09.527953v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Yersiniabactin is a quorum sensing autoinducer and siderophore in uropathogenic Escherichia coli 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.09.527953v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Siderophores are secreted ferric ion chelators used to obtain iron in nutrient-limited environmental niches, including human hosts. While all E. coli encode the enterobactin (Ent) siderophore system, isolates from patients with urinary tract infections additionally encode the genetically distinct yersiniabactin (Ybt) siderophore system. To determine whether the Ent and Ybt systems are functionally redundant for iron uptake, we compared growth of different isogenic siderophore biosynthesis mutants in the presence of transferrin, a human iron-binding protein. We observed that the Ybt system does not compensate for loss of the Ent system during siderophore-dependent, low density growth. Using transcriptional and product analysis, we found that this non-redundancy is attributable to a density-dependent transcriptional stimulation cycle in which Ybt assume an additional autoinducer function. These results distinguish the Ybt system as a combined quorum-sensing and siderophore system. These functions may reflect Ybt as a public good within bacterial communities or as an adaptation to confined, subcellular compartments in infected hosts. The efficiency of this arrangement may contribute to the extraintestinal pathogenic potential of E. coli and related Enterobacterales.

IMPORTANCEUrinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common human bacterial infections encountered by physicians. Adaptations that increase the pathogenic potential of commensal microbes such as E.coli are of great interest. One potential adaptation observed in clinical isolates is accumulation of multiple siderophore systems, which scavenge iron for nutritional use. While iron uptake is important for bacterial growth, the increased metabolic costs of siderophore production could diminish bacterial fitness during infections. In a siderophore-dependent growth conditions, we show that the virulence-associated yersiniabactin siderophore system in uropathogenic E. coli is not redundant with the ubiquitous E. coli enterobactin system. This arises not from differences in iron scavenging activity but because yersiniabactin is preferentially expressed during bacterial crowding, leaving bacteria dependent upon enterobactin for growth at low cell density. Notably, this regulatory mode arises because yersiniabactin stimulates its own expression, acting as an autoinducer in a previously unappreciated quorum-sensing system. This unexpected result connects quorum-sensing with pathogenic potential in E. coli and related Enterobacterales.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Heffernan, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katumba, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCoy, W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henderson, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.09.527953</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Yersiniabactin is a quorum sensing autoinducer and siderophore in uropathogenic Escherichia coli]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.10.528048v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neonatal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Disrupts Multiple Aspects of Cerebellar Development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.10.528048v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Over the past decade, survival rates for extremely low gestational age neonates (ELGANs; <28 weeks gestation) has markedly improved. Unfortunately, a significant proportion of ELGANs will suffer from neurodevelopmental dysfunction. Cerebellar hemorrhagic injury (CHI) has been increasingly recognized in the ELGANs population and may contribute to neurologic dysfunction; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. To address this gap in knowledge, we developed a novel model of early isolated posterior fossa subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in neonatal mice and investigated both acute and long-term effects. Following SAH on postnatal day 6 (P6), we found significant decreased levels of proliferation with the external granular layer (EGL), thinning of the EGL, decreased Purkinje cell (PC) density, and increased Bergmann glial (BG) fiber crossings at P8. At P42, CHI resulted in decreased PC density, decreased molecular layer interneuron (MLI) density, and increased BG fiber crossings. Results from both Rotarod and inverted screen assays did not demonstrate significant effects on motor strength or learning at P35-38. Treatment with the anti-inflammatory drug Ketoprofen did not significantly alter our findings after CHI, suggesting that treatment of neuro-inflammation does not provide significant neuroprotection post CHI. Further studies are required to fully elucidate the mechanisms through which CHI disrupts cerebellar developmental programming in order to develop therapeutic strategies for neuroprotection in ELGANs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Butler, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skibo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Traudt, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Millen, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.10.528048</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neonatal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Disrupts Multiple Aspects of Cerebellar Development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.10.527914v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The disordered N-terminal tail of SARS CoV-2 Nucleocapsid protein forms a dynamic complex with RNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.10.527914v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid (N) protein is responsible for condensation of the viral genome. Characterizing the mechanisms controlling nucleic acid binding is a key step in understanding how condensation is realized. Here, we focus on the role of the RNA Binding Domain (RBD) and its flanking disordered N-Terminal Domain (NTD) tail, using single-molecule Forster Resonance Energy Transfer and coarse-grained simulations. We quantified contact site size and binding affinity for nucleic acids and concomitant conformational changes occurring in the disordered region. We found that the disordered NTD increases the affinity of the RBD for RNA by about 50-fold. Binding of both nonspecific and specific RNA results in a modulation of the tail configurations, which respond in an RNA length-dependent manner. Not only does the disordered NTD increase affinity for RNA, but mutations that occur in the Omicron variant modulate the interactions, indicating a functional role of the disordered tail. Finally, we found that the NTD-RBD preferentially interacts with single-stranded RNA and that the resulting protein:RNA complexes are flexible and dynamic. We speculate that this mechanism of interaction enables the Nucleocapsid protein to search the viral genome for and bind to high-affinity motifs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cubuk, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alston, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Incicco, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stuchell-Brereton, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soranno, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.10.527914</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The disordered N-terminal tail of SARS CoV-2 Nucleocapsid protein forms a dynamic complex with RNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.12.528244v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Aerobic exercise reverses aging-induced depth-dependent decline in cerebral microcirculation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.12.528244v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aging is a major risk factor for cognitive impairment. Aerobic exercise benefits brain function and may promote cognitive health in older adults. However, underlying biological mechanisms across cerebral gray and white matter are poorly understood. Selective vulnerability of the white matter to small vessel disease and a link between white matter health and cognitive function suggests a potential role for responses in deep cerebral microcirculation. Here, we tested whether aerobic exercise modulates cerebral microcirculatory changes induced by aging. To this end, we carried out a comprehensive quantitative examination of changes in cerebral microvascular physiology in cortical gray and subcortical white matter in mice (3-6 vs. 19-21 months old), and asked whether and how exercise may rescue age-induced deficits. In the sedentary group, aging caused a more severe decline in cerebral microvascular perfusion and oxygenation in deep (infragranular) cortical layers and subcortical white matter compared with superficial (supragranular) cortical layers. Five months of voluntary aerobic exercise partly renormalized microvascular perfusion and oxygenation in aged mice in a depth-dependent manner, and brought these spatial distributions closer to those of young adult sedentary mice. These microcirculatory effects were accompanied by an improvement in cognitive function. Our work demonstrates the selective vulnerability of the deep cortex and subcortical white matter to aging-induced decline in microcirculation, as well as the responsiveness of these regions to aerobic exercise.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pian, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ishikawa, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamanaka, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mandeville, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shuzhen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buyin, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alfadhel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allu, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sencan-Egilmez, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ran, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vinogradov, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayata, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arai, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devor, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sakadzic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.12.528244</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Aerobic exercise reverses aging-induced depth-dependent decline in cerebral microcirculation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.13.528384v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier Inhibition in Hepatic Stellate Cells Attenuates Fibrosis in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.13.528384v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) are non-parenchymal liver cells that produce extracellular matrix comprising fibrotic lesions in chronic liver diseases. Prior work demonstrated that mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) inhibitors suppress HSC activation and fibrosis in a mouse model of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). In the present study, pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of the MPC in HSC decreased expression of markers of activation in vitro. MPC knockdown also reduced the abundance of several intermediates of the TCA cycle, and diminished -ketoglutarate played a key role in attenuating HSC activation by suppressing hypoxia inducible factor-1 signaling. On high fat diets, mice with HSC-specific MPC deletion exhibited reduced circulating transaminases, numbers of HSC, and hepatic expression of markers of HSC activation and inflammation compared to wild-type mice. These data suggest that MPC inhibition modulates HSC metabolism to attenuate activation and illuminate mechanisms by which MPC inhibitors could prove therapeutically beneficial for treating MASH.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ferguson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Habibi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eichler, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LaPoint, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shew, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lutkewitte, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finck, B. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.13.528384</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier Inhibition in Hepatic Stellate Cells Attenuates Fibrosis in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.15.528630v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Low Gut Microbial Diversity Augments Estrogen-driven Pulmonary Fibrosis in Female-Predominant Interstitial Lung Disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.15.528630v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although profibrotic cytokines such as IL-17A and TGF-{beta}1 have been implicated in interstitial lung disease (ILD) pathogenesis, interactions between gut dysbiosis, gonadotrophic hormones and molecular mediators of profibrotic cytokine expression, such as phosphorylation of STAT3, have not been defined. Here we show by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis of primary human CD4+ T cells that regions within the STAT3 locus are significantly enriched for binding by the transcription factor estrogen receptor alpha (ERa). Using the murine model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, we found significantly increased regulatory T cells compared to Th17 cells in the female lung. Genetic absence of ESR1 or ovariectomy in mice significantly increased pSTAT3 and IL-17A expression in pulmonary CD4+ T cells, which was reduced after repletion of female hormones. Remarkably, there was no significant reduction in lung fibrosis under either condition, suggesting that factors outside of ovarian hormones also contribute. Assessment of lung fibrosis among menstruating females in different rearing environments revealed that environments favoring gut dysbiosis augment fibrosis. Furthermore, hormone repletion following ovariectomy further augmented lung fibrosis, suggesting pathologic interactions between gonadal hormones and gut microbiota on lung fibrosis severity. Analysis in female sarcoidosis patients revealed a significant reduction in pSTAT3 and IL-17A levels and a concomitant increase in TGF-{beta}1 levels in CD4+ T cells, compared to male sarcoidosis patients. These studies reveal that estrogen is profibrotic in females and that gut dysbiosis in menstruating females augments lung fibrosis severity, supporting a critical interaction between gonadal hormones and gut flora in lung fibrosis pathogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chioma, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mallott, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bandhi, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiggins, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langford, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lancaster, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gelbard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lancaster, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilfong, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crofford, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montgomery, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Kaer, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bordenstein, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newcomb, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drake, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.15.528630</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Low Gut Microbial Diversity Augments Estrogen-driven Pulmonary Fibrosis in Female-Predominant Interstitial Lung Disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.15.528685v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Scanning electron microscopy of human islet cilia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.15.528685v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human islet primary cilia are vital glucose-regulating organelles whose structure remains uncharacterized. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a useful technique for studying the surface morphology of membrane projections like primary cilia, but conventional sample preparation does not reveal the sub-membrane axonemal structure which holds key implications for cilia function. To overcome this challenge, we combined SEM with membrane-extraction techniques to examine cilia in native human islets. Our data show well-preserved cilia subdomains which demonstrate both expected and unexpected ultrastructural motifs. Morphometric features were quantified when possible, including axonemal length and diameter, microtubule conformations and chirality. We further describe a novel ciliary ring, a structure that may be a specialization in human islets. Key findings are correlated with fluorescence microscopy and interpreted in the context of cilia function as a cellular sensor and communications locus in pancreatic islets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Polino, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sviben, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melena, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piston, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>HUGHES, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.15.528685</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Scanning electron microscopy of human islet cilia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.15.528725v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mapping Sleep's Oscillatory Events as a Biomarker of Alzheimer's Disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.15.528725v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveMemory-associated neural circuits produce oscillatory events within single-channel sleep electroencephalography (EEG), including theta bursts (TBs), sleep spindles (SPs) and multiple subtypes of slow waves (SWs). Changes in the temporal "coupling" of these events are proposed to serve as a biomarker for early stages of Alzheimers disease (AD) pathogenesis.

MethodsWe analyzed data from 205 aging adults, including single-channel sleep EEG, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD-associated biomarkers, and Clinical Dementia Rating(R) (CDR(R)) scale. Individual SW events were sorted into high and low transition frequencies (TF) subtypes. We utilized time-frequency spectrogram locations within sleep EEG to "map" the precision of SW-TB and SW-SP neural circuit coupling in relation to amyloid positivity (by CSF A{beta}42/A{beta}40 threshold), cognitive impairment (by CDR), and CSF levels of AD-associated biomarkers.

ResultsCognitive impairment was associated with lower TB spectral power in both high and low TF SW-TB coupling (p<0.001, p=0.001). Cognitively unimpaired, amyloid positive aging adults demonstrated lower precision of the neural circuits propagating high TF SW-TB (p<0.05) and low TF SW-SP (p<0.005) event coupling, compared to cognitively unimpaired amyloid negative individuals. Biomarker correlations were significant for high TF SW-TB coupling with CSF A{beta}42/A{beta}40 (p=0.005), phosphorylated-tau181 (p<0.005), and total-tau (p<0.05). Low TF SW-SP coupling was also correlated with CSF A{beta}42/A{beta}40 (p<0.01).

InterpretationLoss of integrity in neural circuits underlying sleep-dependent memory processing can be measured for both SW-TB and SW-SP coupling in spectral time-frequency space. Breakdown of sleeps memory circuit integrity is associated with amyloid positivity, higher levels of AD-associated pathology, and cognitive impairment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pulver, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kronberg, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medenblik, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kheyfets, V. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramos, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holtzman, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toedebusch, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sillau, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bettcher, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucey, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McConnell, B. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.15.528725</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mapping Sleep's Oscillatory Events as a Biomarker of Alzheimer's Disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.15.528745v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Highly sensitive in vivo detection of dynamic changes in enkephalins following acute stress 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.15.528745v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Enkephalins are opioid peptides that modulate analgesia, reward, and stress. In vivo detection of enkephalins remains difficult due to transient and low endogenous concentrations and inherent sequence similarity. To begin to address this we previously developed a system combining in vivo optogenetics with microdialysis and a highly sensitive mass spectrometry-based assay to measure opioid peptide release in freely moving rodents (Al-Hasani, 2018, eLife). Here we show improved detection resolution and stabilization of enkephalin detection, which allowed us to investigate enkephalin release during acute stress. We present an analytical method for real-time, simultaneous detection of Met- and Leu-Enkephalin (Met-Enk & Leu-Enk) in the mouse Nucleus Accumbens shell (NAcSh) after acute stress. We confirm that acute stress activates enkephalinergic neurons in the NAcSh using fiber photometry and that this leads to the release of Met- and Leu-Enk. We also demonstrate the dynamics of Met- and Leu-Enk release as well as how they correlate to one another in the ventral NAc shell, which was previously difficult due to the use of approaches that relied on mRNA transcript levels rather than post-translational products. This approach increases spatiotemporal resolution, optimizes the detection of Met-Enkephalin through methionine oxidation, and provides novel insight into the relationship between Met- and Leu-Enkephalin following stress.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mikati, M. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erdmann-Gilmore, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Connors, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conway, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malone, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woods, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sprung, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Townsend, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Hasani, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.15.528745</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Highly sensitive in vivo detection of dynamic changes in enkephalins following acute stress]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.16.528879v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SOURSOP: A Python package for the analysis of simulations of intrinsically disordered proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.16.528879v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Conformational heterogeneity is a defining hallmark of intrinsically disordered proteins and protein regions (IDRs). The functions of IDRs and the emergent cellular phenotypes they control are associated with sequence-specific conformational ensembles. Simulations of conformational ensembles that are based on atomistic and coarse-grained models are routinely used to uncover the sequence-specific interactions that may contribute to IDR functions. These simulations are performed either independently or in conjunction with data from experiments. Functionally relevant features of IDRs can span a range of length scales. Extracting these features requires analysis routines that quantify a range of properties. Here, we describe a new analysis suite SOURSOP, an object-oriented and open-source toolkit designed for the analysis of simulated conformational ensembles of IDRs. SOURSOP implements several analysis routines motivated by principles in polymer physics, offering a unique collection of simple-to-use functions to characterize IDR ensembles. As an extendable framework, SOURSOP supports the development and implementation of new analysis routines that can be easily packaged and shared.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lalmansingh, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keeley, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruff, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.16.528879</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SOURSOP: A Python package for the analysis of simulations of intrinsically disordered proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.17.528965v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NSD1 deposits histone H3 lysine 36 dimethylation to pattern non-CG DNA methylation in neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.17.528965v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During postnatal development the DNA methyltransferase DNMT3A deposits high levels of non-CG cytosine methylation in neurons. This unique methylation is critical for transcriptional regulation in the mature mammalian brain, and loss of this mark is implicated in DNMT3A-associated neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). The mechanisms determining genomic non-CG methylation profiles are not well defined however, and it is unknown if this pathway is disrupted in additional NDDs. Here we show that genome topology and gene expression converge to shape histone H3 lysine 36 dimethylation (H3K36me2) profiles, which in turn recruit DNMT3A and pattern neuronal non-CG methylation. We show that NSD1, the H3K36 methyltransferase mutated in the NDD, Sotos syndrome, is required for megabase-scale patterning of H3K36me2 and non-CG methylation in neurons. We find that brain-specific deletion of NSD1 causes alterations in DNA methylation that overlap with models of DNMT3A disorders and define convergent disruption in the expression of key neuronal genes in these models that may contribute to shared phenotypes in NSD1- and DNMT3A-associated NDD. Our findings indicate that H3K36me2 deposited by NSD1 is an important determinant of neuronal non-CG DNA methylation and implicates disruption of this methylation in Sotos syndrome.

HighlightsO_LITopology-associated DNA methylation and gene expression independently contribute to neuronal gene body and enhancer non-CG DNA methylation patterns.
C_LIO_LITopology-associated H3K36me2 patterns and local enrichment of H3K4 methylation impact deposition of non-CG methylation by DNMT3A.
C_LIO_LIDisruption of NSD1 in vivo leads to alterations in H3K36me2, DNA methylation, and gene expression that overlap with models of DNMT3A disorders.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hamagami, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, D. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clemens, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nettles, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabel, H. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.17.528965</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NSD1 deposits histone H3 lysine 36 dimethylation to pattern non-CG DNA methylation in neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.17.528979v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ergosterol distribution controls surface structure formation and fungal pathogenicity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.17.528979v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ergosterol, the major sterol in fungal membranes, is critical for defining membrane fluidity and regulating cellular processes. Although ergosterol synthesis has been well defined in model yeast, little is known about sterol organization in the context of fungal pathogenesis. We identified a retrograde sterol transporter, Ysp2, in the opportunistic fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. We found that the lack of Ysp2 under host-mimicking conditions leads to abnormal accumulation of ergosterol at the plasma membrane, invagination of the plasma membrane, and malformation of the cell wall, which can be functionally rescued by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis with the antifungal drug fluconazole. We also observed that cells lacking Ysp2 mislocalize the cell surface protein Pma1 and have thinner and more permeable capsules. As a result of perturbed ergosterol distribution and its consequences, ysp2{Delta} cells cannot survive in physiologically-rele-vant environments such as host phagocytes and are dramatically attenuated in virulence. These findings expand our knowledge of cryptococcal biology and underscore the importance of sterol homeostasis in fungal pathogenesis.

IMPORTANCECryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that kills over 100,000 people worldwide each year. Only three drugs are available to treat cryptococcosis, and these are variously limited by toxicity, availability, cost, and resistance. Ergosterol is the most abundant sterol in fungi and a key component in modulating membrane behavior. Two of the drugs used for cryptococcal infection, amphotericin B and fluconazole, target this lipid and its synthesis, highlighting its importance as a therapeutic target. We discovered a cryptococcal ergosterol transporter, Ysp2, and demonstrated its key roles in multiple aspects of cryptococcal biology and pathogenesis. These studies demonstrate the role of ergosterol homeostasis in C. neoformans virulence, deepen our understanding of a pathway with proven therapeutic importance, and open a new area of study.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Choy, H. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaylord, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doering, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.17.528979</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ergosterol distribution controls surface structure formation and fungal pathogenicity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.17.528992v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effects of hepatic mitochondrial pyruvate carrier deficiency on de novo lipogenesis and glycerol-mediated gluconeogenesis in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.17.528992v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The liver coordinates the systemic response to nutrient deprivation and availability by producing glucose from gluconeogenesis during fasting and synthesizing lipids via de novo lipogenesis (DNL) when carbohydrates are abundant. Mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism is thought to play important roles in both gluconeogenesis and DNL. We examined the effects of hepatocyte-specific mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) deletion on the fasting-refeeding response. Rates of DNL during refeeding were impaired by liver MPC deletion, but this did not reduce intrahepatic lipid content. During fasting, glycerol is converted to glucose by two pathways; a direct cytosolic pathway essentially reversing glycolysis and an indirect mitochondrial pathway requiring the MPC. MPC deletion reduced the incorporation of 13C-glycerol into TCA cycle metabolites but not into newly synthesized glucose. However, suppression of glycerol metabolism did not affect glucose concentrations in fasted hepatocyte-specific MPC-deficient mice. Thus, glucose production by kidney and intestine may compensate for MPC deficiency in hepatocytes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yiew, N. K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferguson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deja, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jarasvaraparn, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lutkewitte, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukherjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singer, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patti, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burgess, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finck, B. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.17.528992</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effects of hepatic mitochondrial pyruvate carrier deficiency on de novo lipogenesis and glycerol-mediated gluconeogenesis in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.17.528996v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pulmonary osteoclast-like cells in silica induced pulmonary fibrosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.17.528996v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The pathophysiology of silicosis is poorly understood, limiting development of therapies for those who have been exposed to the respirable particle. We explored the mechanisms of silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis in a mouse model using multiple modalities including wholelung single-nucleus RNA sequencing. These analyses revealed that in addition to pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis, intratracheal silica challenge induced osteoclast-like differentiation of alveolar macrophages and recruited monocytes, driven by induction of the osteoclastogenic cytokine, receptor activator of nuclear factor-{kappa}B ligand (RANKL) in pulmonary lymphocytes and alveolar type II cells. Furthermore, anti-RANKL monoclonal antibody treatment suppressed silica-induced osteoclast-like differentiation in the lung and attenuated silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. We conclude that silica induces osteoclast-like differentiation of distinct recruited and tissue resident monocyte populations, leading to progressive lung injury, likely due to sustained elaboration of bone resorbing proteases and hydrochloric acid. Interrupting osteoclast-like differentiation may therefore constitute a promising avenue for moderating lung damage in silicosis.

One Sentence SummarySilica induces the alveolar epithelium to reprogram recruited and resident pulmonary myeloid cells to become osteoclasts that contribute to pulmonary fibrosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hasegawa, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franks, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanaka, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uehara, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Read, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srivatsan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pitstick, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nikolaidis, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaver, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gardner, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osterburg, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kopras, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teitelbaum, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wikenheiser-Brokamp, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trapnell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCormack, F. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.17.528996</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pulmonary osteoclast-like cells in silica induced pulmonary fibrosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.18.529078v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cortical activity emerges in region-specific patterns during early brain development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.18.529078v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The development of precise neural circuits in the brain requires spontaneous patterns of neural activity prior to functional maturation. In the rodent cerebral cortex patchwork and wave patterns of activity develop in somatosensory and visual regions, respectively, and are present at birth. However, whether such activity patterns occur in non-eutherian mammals, as well as when and how they arise during development remain open questions relevant to understand brain formation in health and disease. Since the onset of patterned cortical activity is challenging to study prenatally in eutherians, here we offer a new approach in a minimally invasive manner using marsupial dunnarts, whose cortex forms postnatally. We discovered similar patchwork and travelling waves in the dunnart somatosensory and visual cortices at stage 27 (equivalent to newborn mice), and examined progressively earlier stages of development to determine their onset and how they first emerge. We observed that these patterns of activity emerge in a region-specific and sequential manner, becoming evident as early as stage 24 in somatosensory and stage 25 in visual cortices (equivalent to embryonic day 16 and 17, respectively, in mice), as cortical layers establish and thalamic axons innervate the cortex. In addition to sculpting synaptic connections of existing circuits, evolutionarily conserved patterns of neural activity could therefore help regulate early events in cortical development.

Significance StatementRegion-specific patterns of neural activity are present at birth in rodents and are thought to refine synaptic connections during critical periods of cerebral cortex development. Marsupials are born much more immature than rodents, allowing the investigation of how these patterns arise in vivo. We discovered that cortical activity patterns are remarkably similar in marsupial dunnarts and rodents, and that they emerge very early, before cortical neurogenesis is complete. Moreover, they arise from the outset in different patterns specific to somatosensory and visual areas (i.e., patchworks and waves) indicating they may also play evolutionarily conserved roles in cortical regionalization during development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Suarez, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bluett, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCullough, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avitan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Black, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paolino, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fenlon, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodhill, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richards, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.18.529078</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cortical activity emerges in region-specific patterns during early brain development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.20.529156v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development and evaluation of a wearable peripheral vascular compensation sensor in a swine model of hemorrhage 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.20.529156v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is both the leading and most preventable cause of maternal mortality. PPH is currently diagnosed through visual estimation of blood loss or vital sign analysis of shock index (ratio of heart rate to systolic blood pressure). Visual assessment underestimates blood loss, particularly in the setting of internal bleeding, and compensatory mechanisms stabilize hemodynamics until hemorrhage is massive, beyond the point of pharmaceutical intervention. Quantitative monitoring of hemorrhage-induced compensatory processes, such as the constriction of peripheral vessels to shunt blood to the central organs, may provide an early alert for PPH. To this end, we developed a low-cost, wearable optical device that continuously monitors peripheral perfusion via laser speckle flow index (LSFI) to detect hemorrhage-induced peripheral vasoconstriction. The device was first tested using flow phantoms across a range of physiologically relevant flow rates and demonstrated a linear response. Subsequent testing occurred in swine hemorrhage studies (n=6) by placing the device on the posterior side of the swines front hock and withdrawing blood from the femoral vein at a constant rate. Resuscitation with intravenous crystalloids followed the induced hemorrhage. The mean LSFI vs. percent estimated blood volume loss had an average correlation coefficient of -0.95 during the hemorrhage phase and 0.79 during resuscitation, both of which were superior to the performance of the shock index. With continued development, this noninvasive, low-cost, and reusable device has global potential to provide an early alert of PPH when low-cost and accessible management strategies are most effective, helping to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality from this largely preventable problem.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bonetta-Misteli, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collins, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pavek, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlgren, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frolova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shmuylovich, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Brien, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.20.529156</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development and evaluation of a wearable peripheral vascular compensation sensor in a swine model of hemorrhage]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.20.529258v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epithelial multicellular clustering enabled by polarized macrophages on soft matrices 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.20.529258v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Formation of epithelial structures of variegated geometries and sizes is essential for organogenesis, tumor growth, and wound repair. Although epithelial cells are predisposed with potential for multicellular clustering, it remains unclear whether immune cells and mechanical cues from their microenvironment influence this process. To explore this possibility, we co-cultured human mammary epithelial cells with pre-polarized macrophages on soft or stiff hydrogels. In the presence of M1 (proinflammatory) macrophages on soft matrices, epithelial cells migrated faster and subsequently formed larger multicellular clusters, compared to co-cultures with M0 (unpolarized) or M2 (anti-inflammatory) macrophages. By contrast, stiff extracellular matrix (ECM) disabled active clustering of epithelial cells due to their enhanced migration and cell-ECM adhesion, regardless of macrophage polarization. We found that the co-presence of soft matrices and M1 macrophages reduced focal adhesions, but enhanced fibronectin deposition and non-muscle myosin-IIA expression, which altogether optimize conditions for epithelial clustering. Upon Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibition, epithelial clustering was abrogated, indicating a requirement for optimized cellular forces. In these co-cultures, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)- secretion was the highest with M1 macrophages and Transforming growth factor (TGF)-{beta} secretion was exclusively detectable in case of M2 macrophages on soft gels, which indicated potential role of macrophage secreted factors in the observed epithelial clustering. Indeed, exogenous addition of TGB-{beta} promoted epithelial clustering with M1 co-culture on soft gels. According to our findings, optimization of both mechanical and immune factors can tune epithelial clustering responses, which could have implications in tumor growth, fibrosis, and would healing.

SummaryAuthors show proinflammatory macrophages on soft matrices enable epithelial cells to form multicellular clusters. This phenomenon is disabled on stiff matrices due to increased stability of focal adhesions. Inflammatory cytokine secretion is macrophage-dependent, and external addition of cytokines accentuates epithelial clustering on soft matrices.

Impact StatementFormation of multicellular epithelial structures is critical to tissue homeostasis. However, it has not been shown how the immune system and mechanical environment affect these structures. The present work illustrates how macrophage type affects epithelial clustering in soft and stiff matrix environments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zmuda, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pathak, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.20.529258</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epithelial multicellular clustering enabled by polarized macrophages on soft matrices]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.21.529460v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ketosis Prevents Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Rupture Through CCR2 Downregulation and Enhanced MMP Balance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.21.529460v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are common in aging populations, and AAA rupture is associated with high morbidity and mortality. There is currently no effective medical preventative therapy for AAAs to avoid rupture. It is known that the monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) / C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) axis critically regulates AAA tissue inflammation, matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP) production, and in turn extracellular matrix (ECM) stability. However, therapeutic modulation of the CCR2 axis for AAA disease has so far not been accomplished. Since ketone bodies (KBs) are known to trigger repair mechanisms in response to vascular tissue inflammation, we evaluated whether systemic in vivo ketosis can impact CCR2 signaling, and therefore impact AAA expansion and rupture. To evaluate this, male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent surgical AAA formation using porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE), and received daily {beta}-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) to promote AAA rupture. Animals with formed AAAs received either a standard diet (SD), ketogenic diet (KD), or exogenous KB supplements (EKB). Animals that received KD and EKB reached a state of ketosis, and had significantly reduced AAA expansion and incidence of rupture. Ketosis also led to significantly reduced CCR2, inflammatory cytokine content, and infiltrating macrophages in AAA tissue. Additionally, animals in ketosis had improved balance in aortic wall matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP), reduced extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, and higher aortic media Collagen content. This study demonstrates that ketosis plays an important therapeutic role in AAA pathobiology, and provides the impetus for future studies investigating the role of ketosis as a preventative strategy for individuals with AAAs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sastriques-Dunlop, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elizondo-Benedetto, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arif, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meade, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaghloul, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luehmann, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heo, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>English, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zayed, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.21.529460</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ketosis Prevents Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Rupture Through CCR2 Downregulation and Enhanced MMP Balance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.21.529474v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Life stage and vaccination shape the gut microbiome of hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.21.529474v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbiomes play an essential role in promoting host health and fitness, but the factors affecting variation in gut microbiomes among individuals are not fully understood. Investigating the microbiome under different conditions is needed to link gut microbiomes to host physiology and potentially design manipulations to improve rearing success of captive species. In this study, we characterized the gut microbiomes of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in individuals at different life stages, vaccination status, and hatchery origin. Microbiomes differed between age-0 sub-adults and adults, with sub-adults exhibiting higher diversity and more similar communities when compared to adults. We also found that vaccines against bacterial kidney disease reduced gut microbial diversity within individual sub-adult salmon, resulting in dissimilar gut microbial communities among individuals. The diversity and structure of microbiomes did not differ between groups of adults that were reared in two different hatcheries and sampled from the wild. Sub-adults, particularly unvaccinated sub-adults, displayed a strong core microbiome present in the majority of individuals. Our results suggest that life stage and vaccination status are essential factors in the gut microbiome development of salmon. Conditions experienced during early life stages appear to have a strong influence on the microbiome, but differences among individuals at early life stages may be lost due to environmental factors experienced later in life. The plasticity of the microbiome throughout the life of individuals may have important implications for understanding host health, with potential applications for improving the rearing and reintroduction success of the ecologically and economically important Atlantic salmon.

IMPORTANCEThe Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is a globally important fisheries and aquaculture species, but the factors affecting gut microbiomes of hatchery-reared fish are not fully understood. Our study explores the influence of life stage, vaccination status, and hatchery origin on the composition and structure of the Atlantic salmon gut microbiome. We found that life stage is an important driver of gut microbiome diversity, likely driven by differences in habitat and diet.

Vaccination against bacterial kidney disease led to marked declines in gut microbial diversity within individuals, resulting in highly distinct gut microbial communities among individuals. Hatchery origin did not have a strong influence on adult Atlantic salmon captured from the wild. These findings suggest that life stage and vaccination drive variation in Atlantic salmon microbiomes, but the stability and long-term implications of such variation on host health should be considered in future microbiome research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Andres, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kapuscinski, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moerke, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ling, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knouft, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.21.529474</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Life stage and vaccination shape the gut microbiome of hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.22.529437v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single neurons in the human medial temporal lobe flexibly shift representations across spatial and memory tasks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.22.529437v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Investigations into how individual neurons encode behavioral variables of interest have revealed specific representations in single neurons, such as place and object cells, as well as a wide range of cells with conjunctive encodings or mixed selectivity. However, as most experiments examine neural activity within individual tasks, it is currently unclear if and how neural representations change across different task contexts. Within this discussion, the medial temporal lobe is particularly salient, as it is known to be important for multiple behaviors including spatial navigation and memory, however the relationship between these functions is currently unclear. Here, to investigate how representations in single neurons vary across different task contexts in the MTL, we collected and analyzed single-neuron activity from human participants as they completed a paired-task session consisting of a passive-viewing visual working memory and a spatial navigation and memory task. Five patients contributed 22 paired-task sessions, which were spike sorted together to allow for the same putative single neurons to be compared between the different tasks. Within each task, we replicated concept-related activations in the working memory task, as well as target-location and serial-position responsive cells in the navigation task. When comparing neuronal activity between tasks, we first established that a significant number of neurons maintained the same kind of representation, responding to stimuli presentations across tasks. Further, we found cells that changed the nature of their representation across tasks, including a significant number of cells that were stimulus responsive in the working memory task that responded to serial position in the spatial task. Overall, our results support a flexible encoding of multiple, distinct aspects of different tasks by single neurons in the human MTL, whereby some individual neurons change the nature of their feature coding between task contexts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Donoghue, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, C. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holman, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandmeir, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobs, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.22.529437</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single neurons in the human medial temporal lobe flexibly shift representations across spatial and memory tasks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.22.529521v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The ATM-E6AP-MASTL axis mediates DNA damage checkpoint recovery 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.22.529521v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Checkpoint activation after DNA damage causes a transient cell cycle arrest by suppressing CDKs. However, it remains largely elusive how cell cycle recovery is initiated after DNA damage. In this study, we discovered the upregulated protein level of MASTL kinase hours after DNA damage. MASTL promotes cell cycle progression by preventing PP2A/B55-catalyzed dephosphorylation of CDK substrates. DNA damage-induced MASTL upregulation was caused by decreased protein degradation, and was unique among mitotic kinases. We identified E6AP as the E3 ubiquitin ligase that mediated MASTL degradation. MASTL degradation was inhibited upon DNA damage as a result of the dissociation of E6AP from MASTL. E6AP depletion reduced DNA damage signaling, and promoted cell cycle recovery from the DNA damage checkpoint, in a MASTL-dependent manner. Furthermore, we found that E6AP was phosphorylated at Ser-218 by ATM after DNA damage and that this phosphorylation was required for its dissociation from MASTL, the stabilization of MASTL, and the timely recovery of cell cycle progression. Together, our data revealed that ATM/ATR-dependent signaling, while activating the DNA damage checkpoint, also initiates cell cycle recovery from the arrest. Consequently, this results in a timer-like mechanism that ensures the transient nature of the DNA damage checkpoint.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.22.529521</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The ATM-E6AP-MASTL axis mediates DNA damage checkpoint recovery]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.22.529569v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic walking behavior during odor trail-following in locusts 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.22.529569v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
One of the important subsets of odor sources used in olfactory navigation is surface-bound sources, which can broadly take the form of point sources or trails. Odor trails, in particular, have been observed to be highly relevant components of olfactory-based navigation for species as broadly distributed as dogs and ants. Here, we present an automated treadmill setup capable of dynamically printing odor trails of arbitrary lengths and configurations, and with closed-loop control of speed based on the subjects movement. We used this setup to characterize trail-following behavior in locusts (Schistocerca americana). The free-moving behavior of the locusts is more naturalistic and is richer in plumbable data than many traditional assays. We reveal broad classes of behavioral walking motifs and their dynamic transitions as locusts pursue or avoid an odor trail. Furthermore, we show how these motifs vary across individuals, with the identity of the odorant and with respect to the sex of the organism. Our dataset and analyses provide a first demonstration that this model organism is capable of robust odor trail following, and provides a comprehensive analysis of the dynamic motifs that underlie this behavioral capability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Traner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.22.529569</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic walking behavior during odor trail-following in locusts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.23.529616v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MAP9/MAPH-9 supports axonemal microtubule doublets and modulates motor movement 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.23.529616v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microtubule doublets (MTDs) are a well conserved compound microtubule structure found primarily in cilia. However, the mechanisms by which MTDs form and are maintained in vivo remain poorly understood. Here, we characterize microtubule-associated protein 9 (MAP9) as a novel MTD-associated protein. We demonstrate that C. elegans MAPH-9, a MAP9 homolog, is present during MTD assembly and localizes exclusively to MTDs, a preference that is in part mediated by tubulin polyglutamylation. Loss of MAPH-9 caused ultrastructural MTD defects, dysregulated axonemal motor velocity, and perturbed cilia function. As we found that the mammalian ortholog MAP9 localized to axonemes in cultured mammalian cells and mouse tissues, we propose that MAP9/MAPH-9 plays a conserved role in supporting the structure of axonemal MTDs and regulating ciliary motors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tran, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferguson, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cote, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khuntsariya, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fetter, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wellard, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sallee, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eskinazi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magiera, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janke, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stearns, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lansky, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magescas, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feldman, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.23.529616</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MAP9/MAPH-9 supports axonemal microtubule doublets and modulates motor movement]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.24.529960v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MeCP2 Represses the Activity of Topoisomerase IIβ in Long Neuronal Genes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.24.529960v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A unique signature of neuronal transcriptomes is the high expression of the longest genes in the genome (e.g. >100 kilobases). These genes encode proteins with essential functions in neuronal physiology, and disruption of long gene expression has been implicated in neurological disorders. DNA topoisomerases resolve topological constraints that arise on DNA and facilitate the expression of long genes in neurons. Conversely, methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2), which is disrupted in Rett syndrome, can act as a transcriptional repressor to downregulate the expression of long genes. The molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of long genes by these factors are not fully understood, however, and whether or not they directly influence each other is not known. Here, we identify a functional interaction between MeCP2 and Topoisomerase II-beta (TOP2{beta}) in neurons. We show that MeCP2 and TOP2{beta} physically interact in vivo and map protein sequences sufficient for their physical interaction in vitro. We profile TOP2{beta} activity genome-wide in neurons and detect enrichment at regulatory regions and gene bodies of long neuronal genes, including long genes regulated by MeCP2. Further, we find that knockdown and overexpression of MeCP2 leads to altered TOP2{beta} activity at MeCP2-regulated genes. Our findings uncover a mechanism by which MeCP2 inhibits the activity of TOP2{beta} at long genes in neurons and suggest that this mechanism is disrupted in neurodevelopment disorders caused by mutation of MeCP2.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nettles, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ikeuchi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agwu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabel, H. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.24.529960</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MeCP2 Represses the Activity of Topoisomerase IIβ in Long Neuronal Genes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.25.530013v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Short Tandem Repeat Profiling via Next Generation Sequencing for Cell Line Authentication 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.25.530013v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell lines are indispensable models for modern biomedical research. In the era of CRISPR gene editing, they serve as versatile tools for preclinical studies, allowing patient specific mutations to be modeled or corrected and the resulting phenotypic outcomes studied. A large part of their usefulness derives from the ability of a cell line to proliferate over multiple passages (often indefinitely) allowing multiple experiments to be performed. However, over time, the cell line identity and purity can be compromised by human errors. Both cross contamination from other cell lines and even complete misidentification are possible. Routine cell line authentication is a necessary preventive measure and has become a requirement for many funding applications and publications. Short tandem repeat (STR) profiling is the most common method for cell line authentication and is usually carried out using standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-capillary electrophoresis (CE) analysis (STR-CE). Here we evaluated next generation sequencing (NGS)-based STR profiling of human and mouse cell lines at 18 and 15 loci, respectively, in a high-throughput format. Using the program STRight written in Python, we demonstrate that NGS-based analysis (STR-NGS) is superior to standard STR-CE in terms of the ability to report the sequence context of repeat motifs, sensitivity, and flexible multiplexing capability. STR-NGS is a valuable alternative for cell line authentication.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Connelly, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Florian, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pruett-Miller, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.25.530013</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Short Tandem Repeat Profiling via Next Generation Sequencing for Cell Line Authentication]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.25.529948v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Specialized cingulo-opercular network activation in judging ambiguity of facial expressions in a slow reveal fMRI paradigm 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.25.529948v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cortical task control networks, including the cingulo-opercular (CO) network play a key role in decision-making across a variety of functional domains. In particular, the CO network functions in a performance reporting capacity that supports successful task performance, especially in response to errors and ambiguity. In two studies testing the contribution of the CO network to ambiguity processing, we presented a valence bias task in which masked clearly and ambiguously valenced emotional expressions were slowly revealed over several seconds. This slow reveal task design provides a window into the decision-making mechanisms as they unfold over the course of a trial. In the main study, the slow reveal task was administered to 32 young adults in the fMRI environment and BOLD time courses were extracted from regions of interest in three control networks. In a follow-up study, the task was administered to a larger, online sample (n = 81) using a more extended slow reveal design with additional unmasking frames. Positive judgments of surprised faces were uniquely accompanied by slower response times and strong, late activation in the CO network. These results support the initial negativity hypothesis, which posits that the default response to ambiguity is negative and positive judgments are associated with a more effortful controlled process, and additionally suggests that this controlled process is mediated by the CO network. Moreover, ambiguous trials were characterized by a second CO response at the end of the trial, firmly placing CO function late in the decision-making process.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pierce, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petro, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clancy, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gratton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petersen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neta, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.25.529948</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Specialized cingulo-opercular network activation in judging ambiguity of facial expressions in a slow reveal fMRI paradigm]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.27.530307v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Induction of viral mimicry upon loss of DHX9 and ADAR1 in breast cancer cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.27.530307v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Detection of viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is an important component of innate immunity. However, many endogenous RNAs containing double-stranded regions can be misrecognized and activate innate immunity. The interferon inducible ADAR1-p150 suppresses dsRNA sensing, an essential function for ADAR1 in many cancers, including breast. Although ADAR1-p150 has been well established in this role, the functions of the constitutively expressed ADAR1-p110 isoform are less understood. We used proximity labeling to identify putative ADAR1-p110 interacting proteins in breast cancer cell lines. Of the proteins identified, the RNA helicase DHX9 was of particular interest. Knockdown of DHX9 in ADAR1-dependent cell lines caused cell death and activation of the dsRNA sensor PKR. In ADAR1-independent cell lines, combined knockdown of DHX9 and ADAR1, but neither alone, caused activation of multiple dsRNA sensing pathways leading to a viral mimicry phenotype. Together, these results reveal an important role for DHX9 in suppressing dsRNA sensing by multiple pathways.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cottrell, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torres, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schab, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weber, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.27.530307</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Induction of viral mimicry upon loss of DHX9 and ADAR1 in breast cancer cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.27.530345v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systematic Identification of Post-Transcriptional Regulatory Modules 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.27.530345v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In our cells, a limited number of RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are responsible for all aspects of RNA metabolism across the entire transcriptome. To accomplish this, RBPs form regulatory units that act on specific target regulons. However, the landscape of RBP combinatorial interactions remains poorly explored. Here, we performed a systematic annotation of RBP combinatorial interactions via multimodal data integration. We built a large-scale map of RBP protein neighborhoods by generating in vivo proximity-dependent biotinylation datasets of 50 human RBPs. In parallel, we used CRISPR interference with single-cell readout to capture transcriptomic changes upon RBP knockdowns. By combining these physical and functional interaction readouts, along with the atlas of RBP mRNA targets from eCLIP assays, we generated an integrated map of functional RBP interactions. We then used this map to match RBPs to their context-specific functions and validated the predicted functions biochemically for four RBPs. This study highlights the previously underappreciated scale of the inter-RBP interactions, be it genetic or physical, and is a first step towards a more comprehensive understanding of post-transcriptional regulatory processes and their underlying molecular grammar.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Khoroshkin, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buyan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dodel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navickas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trejo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doty, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baratam, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miglani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subramanyam, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Modi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corces, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markett, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kulakovskiy, I. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mardakheh, F. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodarzi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.27.530345</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systematic Identification of Post-Transcriptional Regulatory Modules]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.28.530351v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pptc7 maintains mitochondrial protein content by suppressing receptor-mediated mitophagy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.28.530351v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pptc7 is a resident mitochondrial phosphatase essential for maintaining proper mitochondrial content and function. Newborn mice lacking Pptc7 exhibit aberrant mitochondrial protein phosphorylation, suffer from a range of metabolic defects, and fail to survive beyond one day after birth. Using an inducible knockout model, we reveal that loss of Pptc7 in adult mice causes marked reduction in mitochondrial mass concomitant with elevation of the mitophagy receptors Bnip3 and Nix. Consistently, Pptc7-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) exhibit a major increase in mitophagy that is reversed upon deletion of these receptors. Our phosphoproteomics analyses reveal a common set of elevated phosphosites between perinatal tissues, adult liver, and MEFs-- including multiple sites on Bnip3 and Nix. These data suggest that Pptc7 deletion causes mitochondrial dysfunction via dysregulation of several metabolic pathways and that Pptc7 may directly regulate mitophagy receptor function or stability. Overall, our work reveals a significant role for Pptc7 in the mitophagic response and furthers the growing notion that management of mitochondrial protein phosphorylation is essential for ensuring proper organelle content and function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Niemi, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serrano, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muehlbauer, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balnis, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kozul, K.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rashan, E. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shishkova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schueler, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Attie, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pagan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coon, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pagliarini, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.28.530351</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pptc7 maintains mitochondrial protein content by suppressing receptor-mediated mitophagy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.28.530498v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Uncovering and mitigating bias in large, automated MRI analyses of brain development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.28.530498v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Large, population-based MRI studies of adolescents promise transformational insights into neurodevelopment and mental illness risk 1, 2. However, MRI studies of youth are especially susceptible to motion and other artifacts 3, 4. These artifacts may go undetected by automated quality control (QC) methods that are preferred in high-throughput imaging studies, 5 and can potentially introduce non-random noise into clinical association analyses. Here we demonstrate bias in structural MRI analyses of children due to inclusion of lower quality images, as identified through rigorous visual quality control of 11,263 T1 MRI scans obtained at age 9-10 through the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study6. Compared to the best-rated images (44.9% of the sample), lower-quality images generally associated with decreased cortical thickness and increased cortical surface area measures (Cohens d 0.14-2.84). Variable image quality led to counterintuitive patterns in analyses that associated structural MRI and clinical measures, as inclusion of lower-quality scans altered apparent effect sizes in ways that increased risk for both false positives and negatives. Quality-related biases were partially mitigated by controlling for surface hole number, an automated index of topological complexity that differentiated lower-quality scans with good specificity at Baseline (0.81-0.93) and in 1,000 Year 2 scans (0.88-1.00). However, even among the highest-rated images, subtle topological errors occurred during image preprocessing, and their correction through manual edits significantly and reproducibly changed thickness measurements across much of the cortex (d 0.15-0.92). These findings demonstrate that inadequate QC of youth structural MRI scans can undermine advantages of large sample size to detect meaningful associations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Elyounssi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kunitoki, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clauss, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laurent, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kane, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughes, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hopkinson, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bazer, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sussman, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doyle, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tervo-Clemmens, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eryilmaz, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gollub, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barch, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satterthwaite, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dowling, K. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roffman, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.28.530498</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Uncovering and mitigating bias in large, automated MRI analyses of brain development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.01.530520v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Brain-wide neural activity underlying memory-guided movement 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.01.530520v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Behavior requires neural activity across the brain, but most experiments probe neurons in a single area at a time. Here we used multiple Neuropixels probes to record neural activity simultaneously in brain-wide circuits, in mice performing a memory-guided directional licking task. We targeted brain areas that form multi-regional loops with anterior lateral motor cortex (ALM), a key circuit node mediating the behavior. Neurons encoding sensory stimuli, choice, and actions were distributed across the brain. However, in addition to ALM, coding of choice was concentrated in subcortical areas receiving input from ALM, in an ALM-dependent manner. Choice signals were first detected in ALM and the midbrain, followed by the thalamus, and other brain areas. At the time of movement initiation, choice-selective activity collapsed across the brain, followed by new activity patterns driving specific actions. Our experiments provide the foundation for neural circuit models of decision-making and movement initiation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colonell, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tien, N.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Druckmann, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Svoboda, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.01.530520</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Brain-wide neural activity underlying memory-guided movement]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.01.530650v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cat LCA-CRX model, homozygous for an antimorphic mutation has a unique phenotype 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.01.530650v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PURPOSEHuman mutations in the CRX transcription factor are associated with dominant retinopathies often with more severe macular changes. The CRX-mutant cat (Rdy-A182d2) is the only animal model with the equivalent of the critical retinal region for high acuity vision, the macula. Heterozygous cats (CRXRdy/+) have a severe phenotype modeling Leber congenital amaurosis. This study reports the distinct ocular phenotype of homozygous cats (CRXRdy/Rdy).

METHODSGene expression changes were assessed at both mRNA and protein levels. Changes in globe morphology and retinal structure were analyzed.

RESULTSCRXRdy/Rdy cats had high levels of mutant CRX mRNA and protein. The expression of photoreceptor target genes was severely impaired while there were variable effects on the expression of other transcription factors. The photoreceptor cells remained immature and failed to elaborate outer segments consistent with the lack of retinal function. The retinal layers displayed a progressive remodeling with cell loss but maintained overall retinal thickness due to gliosis. Rapid photoreceptor loss largely occurred in the macula-equivalent retinal region. The homozygous cats developed markedly increased ocular globe length.

CONCLUSIONSThe phenotype of CRXRdy/Rdy cats was more severe compared to CRXRdy/+ cats by several metrics.

TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCEThe CRX-mutant cat is the only model for CRX-retinopathies with a macula-equivalent region. A prominent feature of the CRXRdy/Rdy cat phenotype not detectable in homozygous mouse models, was the rapid degeneration of the macula-equivalent retinal region highlighting the value of this large animal model and its future importance in the testing of translational therapies aiming to restore vision.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Occelli, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petersen-Jones, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.01.530650</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cat LCA-CRX model, homozygous for an antimorphic mutation has a unique phenotype]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.01.530679v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinct cellular expression and subcellular localization of Kv2 voltage-gated K+ channel subtypes in dorsal root ganglion neurons conserved between mice and humans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.01.530679v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The distinct organization of Kv2 voltage-gated potassium channels on and near the cell body of brain neurons enables their regulation of action potentials and specialized membrane contact sites. Somatosensory neurons have a pseudounipolar morphology and transmit action potentials from peripheral nerve endings through axons that bifurcate to the spinal cord and the cell body within ganglia including the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Kv2 channels regulate action potentials in somatosensory neurons, yet little is known about where Kv2 channels are located. Here we define the cellular and subcellular localization of the Kv2 paralogs, Kv2.1 and Kv2.2, in DRG somatosensory neurons with a panel of antibodies, cell markers, and genetically modified mice. We find that relative to spinal cord neurons, DRG neurons have similar levels of detectable Kv2.1, and higher levels of Kv2.2. In older mice, detectable Kv2.2 remains similar while detectable Kv2.1 decreases. Both Kv2 subtypes adopt clustered subcellular patterns that are distinct from central neurons. Most DRG neurons co-express Kv2.1 and Kv2.2, although neuron subpopulations show preferential expression of Kv2.1 or Kv2.2. We find that Kv2 protein expression and subcellular localization is similar between mouse and human DRG neurons. We conclude that the organization of both Kv2 channels is consistent with physiological roles in the somata and stem axons of DRG neurons. The general prevalence of Kv2.2 in DRG as compared to central neurons and the enrichment of Kv2.2 relative to detectable Kv2.1, in older mice, proprioceptors, and axons suggest more widespread roles for Kv2.2 in DRG neurons.

Significance statementThe subcellular distribution of Kv2 voltage-gated potassium channels enable compartment-specific modulation of membrane excitability and organization of membrane contact sites. Here we identify subcellular distributions of the Kv2 paralogs, Kv2.1 and Kv2.2, in somatosensory neurons that bear similarities to and distinctions from central neurons. The distribution of Kv2 channels is similar in mouse and human somatosensory neurons. These results identify unique locations of Kv2 channels in somatosensory neurons that could enable roles in sensory information processing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stewart, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camacena, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Copits, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sack, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.01.530679</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinct cellular expression and subcellular localization of Kv2 voltage-gated K+ channel subtypes in dorsal root ganglion neurons conserved between mice and humans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.02.530812v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sleep Deprivation, Sleep Fragmentation and Social Jet Lag increase temperature preference in Drosophila 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.02.530812v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite the fact that sleep deprivation substantially affects the way animals regulate their body temperature, the specific mechanisms behind this phenomenon are not well understood. In both mammals and flies, neural circuits regulating sleep and thermoregulation overlap, suggesting an interdependence that may be relevant for sleep function. To investigate this relationship further, we exposed flies to 12 h of sleep deprivation, or 48 h of sleep fragmentation and evaluated temperature preference in a thermal gradient. Flies exposed to 12 h of sleep deprivation chose warmer temperatures after sleep deprivation. Importantly, sleep fragmentation, which prevents flies from entering deeper stages of sleep, but does not activate sleep homeostatic mechanisms nor induce impairments in short-term memory also resulted in flies choosing warmer temperatures. To identify the underlying neuronal circuits, we used RNAi to knock down the receptor for Pigment dispersing factor, a peptide that influences circadian rhythms, temperature preference and sleep. Expressing UAS-PdfrRNAi in subsets of clock neurons prevented sleep fragmentation from increasing temperature preference. Finally, we evaluated temperature preference after flies had undergone a social jet lag protocol which is known to disrupt clock neurons. In this protocol, flies experience a 3 h light phase delay on Friday followed by a 3 h light advance on Sunday evening. Flies exposed to social jet lag exhibited an increase in temperature preference which persisted for several days. Our findings identify specific clock neurons that are modulated by sleep disruption to increase temperature preference. Moreover, our data indicate that temperature preference may be a more sensitive indicator of sleep disruption than learning and memory.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roach, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ford, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simhambhatla, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loutrianakis, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farah, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Periandri, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdalla, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalra, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaw, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.02.530812</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sleep Deprivation, Sleep Fragmentation and Social Jet Lag increase temperature preference in Drosophila]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.02.530835v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Zbtb46 coordinates angiogenesis and immunity to control tumor outcome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.02.530835v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tumor-angiogenesis and -immunity play critical roles in cancer progression and outcome. An inverse correlation of these two1 hints at common regulatory mechanism(s). Here, we report that Zbtb46, a repressive transcription factor and a widely accepted marker for classical dendritic cells (DCs)2, 3, constitutes one such regulatory mechanism. Zbtb46 was downregulated in both DCs and endothelial cells (ECs) by tumor-derived factors to facilitate robust tumor growth. Zbtb46 downregulation led to a hallmark pro-tumor microenvironment (TME), including dysfunctional vasculature and immunosuppressive cell accumulation. Analysis of cancer patient data revealed a similar association of low ZBTB46 expression with an immunosuppressive TME and a worse prognosis. In contrast, enforced Zbtb46 expression mitigated the pro-tumor TME features and restricted tumor growth. Mechanistically, Zbtb46-deficient ECs were highly angiogenic, and Zbtb46-deficient bone-marrow progenitors upregulated Cebpb and diverted the DC program to myeloid lineage output, potentially explaining the myeloid lineage skewing phenomenon in cancer4-7. Conversely, enforced Zbtb46 expression normalized tumor vessels and, by suppressing Cebpb, skewed bone-marrow precursors towards more DC generation over macrophages, leading to an immune-hot TME. Remarkably, Zbtb46 mRNA treatment synergized with anti-PD1 immunotherapy to improve tumor management in pre-clinical models. These findings identify Zbtb46 as a common regulatory mechanism for angiogenesis and for myeloid lineage skewing in cancer and suggest that maintaining its expression could have therapeutic benefits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>KABIR, A. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>SUBRAMANIAN, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>KIM, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>WU, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>KRCHMA, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>WANG, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>HALABI, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>PAN, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>WICKLINE, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>FREMONT, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>CHOI, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.02.530835</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Zbtb46 coordinates angiogenesis and immunity to control tumor outcome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.02.530836v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Estrogen Receptor-Related Orphan Receptors (ERRs) Regulate Autophagy through TFEB 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.02.530836v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Autophagy is an essential self-degradative and recycling mechanism that maintains cellular homeostasis. Estrogen receptor-related orphan receptors (ERRs) play fundamental role in regulation of cardiac metabolism and function. Previously, we showed that ERR agonists improve cardiac function in models of heart failure and induce autophagy in cardiomyocytes. Here, we characterized a mechanism by which ERRs induce autophagy in cardiomyocytes. Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a master regulator of the autophagy-lysosome pathway and has been shown to be important in cardiac autophagy. We discovered that TFEB is a direct ERR target gene whose expression is induced by ERR agonists. Activation of ERR results in increased TFEB expression in both neonatal rat ventricular myocytes and C2C12 myoblasts. ERR-dependent increases in TFEB expression results in increased expression of an array of TFEB target genes, which are critical for stimulation of autophagy. Pharmacologically targeting ERR is a promising potential method for treatment of many diseases where stimulation of autophagy may be therapeutic including heart failure.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Losby, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayes, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valfort, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, W. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Billon, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burris, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.02.530836</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Estrogen Receptor-Related Orphan Receptors (ERRs) Regulate Autophagy through TFEB]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.05.531194v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcription factor interactions explain the context-dependent activity of CRX binding sites 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.05.531194v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The effects of transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) on the activity of a cis-regulatory element (CRE) depend on the local sequence context. In rod photoreceptors, binding sites for the transcription factor (TF) Cone-rod homeobox (CRX) occur in both enhancers and silencers, but the sequence context that determines whether CRX binding sites contribute to activation or repression of transcription is not understood. To investigate the context-dependent activity of CRX sites, we fit neural network-based models to the activities of synthetic CREs composed of photoreceptor TFBSs. The models revealed that CRX binding sites consistently make positive, independent contributions to CRE activity, while negative homotypic interactions between sites cause CREs composed of multiple CRX sites to function as silencers. The effects of negative homotypic interactions can be overcome by the presence of other TFBSs that either interact cooperatively with CRX sites or make independent positive contributions to activity. The context-dependent activity of CRX sites is thus determined by the balance between positive heterotypic interactions, independent contributions of TFBSs, and negative homotypic interactions. Our findings explain observed patterns of activity among genomic CRX-bound enhancers and silencers, and suggest that enhancers may require diverse TFBSs to overcome negative homotypic interactions between TFBSs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Loell, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedman, R. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myers, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbo, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.05.531194</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcription factor interactions explain the context-dependent activity of CRX binding sites]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.05.531207v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rapid generation of C. elegans single copy transgenes combining RMCE and drug selection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.05.531207v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
I outline a streamlined method to create single copy large genomic insert transgenes using Recombination-Mediated Cassette Exchange (RMCE) that relies solely on drug selection yielding a homozygous fluorescent protein (FP) marked transgene in 3 generations (8 days) at high efficiency (>1 insertion per 2 injected P0 animals). Landing sites for this approach are available on four chromosomes in several configurations which yield lines marked in distinct cell types. An array of vectors permit creating transgenes using a variety of selection methods (HygR, NeoR, PuroR, unc-119(+)) that yield lines expressing different colored FP tagged lines (BFP, GFP, mNG, and Scarlet). Although these transgenes retain a plasmid backbone and a selection marker, the inclusion of these sequences typically does not alter the expression of several cell specific promoters tested. However, in certain orientations promoters exhibits crosstalk with adjacent transcription units. In cases where crosstalk is problematic, the loxP-flanked fluorescent marker, plasmid backbone and hygR gene can be excised by crossing through germline Cre expressing lines also created using this technique. Finally, genetic and molecular reagents designed to facilitate customization of both targeting vectors and landing sites are also described. Together, the rRMCE toolbox provides a platform for developing further innovative uses of RMCE to create complex genetically engineered tools.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nonet, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.05.531207</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rapid generation of C. elegans single copy transgenes combining RMCE and drug selection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.05.531146v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Novel crAssphage isolates exhibit conserved gene order and purifying selection of the host specificity protein 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.05.531146v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacteroides, the prominent bacteria in the human gut, play a crucial role in degrading complex polysaccharides. Their abundance is influenced by phages belonging to the Crassvirales order. Despite identifying over 600 Crassvirales genomes computationally, only few have been successfully isolated. Continued efforts in isolation of more Crassvirales genomes can provide insights into phage-host-evolution and infection mechanisms. We focused on wastewater samples, as potential sources of phages infecting various Bacteroides hosts. Sequencing, assembly, and characterization of isolated phages revealed 14 complete genomes belonging to three novel Crassvirales species infecting Bacteroides cellulosilyticus WH2. These species, Kehishuvirus sp.  tikkala strain Bc01, Kolpuevirus sp.  frurule strain Bc03, and  Rudgehvirus jaberico strain Bc11, spanned two families, and three genera, displaying a broad range of virion productions. Upon testing all successfully cultured Crassvirales species and their respective bacterial hosts, we discovered that they do not exhibit co-evolutionary patterns with their bacterial hosts. Furthermore, we observed variations in gene similarity, with greater shared similarity observed within genera. However, despite belonging to different genera, the three novel species shared a unique structural gene that encodes the tail spike protein. When investigating the relationship between this gene and host interaction, we discovered evidence of purifying selection, indicating its functional importance. Moreover, our analysis demonstrated that this tail spike protein binds to the TonB-dependent receptors present on the bacterial host surface. Combining these observations, our findings provide insights into phage-host interactions and present three Crassvirales species as an ideal system for controlled infectivity experiments on one of the most dominant members of the human enteric virome.

Impact statementBacteriophages play a crucial role in shaping microbial communities within the human gut. Among the most dominant bacteriophages in the human gut microbiome are Crassvirales phages, which infect Bacteroides. Despite being widely distributed, only a few Crassvirales genomes have been isolated, leading to a limited understanding of their biology, ecology, and evolution. This study isolated and characterized three novel Crassvirales genomes belonging to two different families, and three genera, but infecting one bacterial host, Bacteroides cellulosilyticus WH2. Notably, the observation confirmed the phages are not co-evolving with their bacterial hosts, rather have a shared ability to exploit similar features in their bacterial host. Additionally, the identification of a critical viral protein undergoing purifying selection and interacting with the bacterial receptors opens doors to targeted therapies against bacterial infections. Given Bacteroides role in polysaccharide degradation in the human gut, our findings advance our understanding of the phage-host interactions and could have important implications for the development of phage-based therapies. These discoveries may hold implications for improving gut health and metabolism to support overall well-being.

Data summaryThe genomes used in this research are available on Sequence Read Archive (SRA) within the project, PRJNA737576. Bacteroides cellulosilyticus WH2, Kehishuvirus sp.  tikkala strain Bc01, Kolpuevirus sp.  frurule strain Bc03, and  Rudgehvirus jaberico strain Bc11 are all available on GenBank with accessions NZ_CP072251.1 (B. cellulosilyticus WH2), QQ198717 (Bc01), QQ198718 (Bc03), and QQ198719 (Bc11), and we are working on making the strains available through ATCC. The 3D protein structures for the three Crassvirales genomes are available to download at doi.org/10.25451/flinders.21946034.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Papudeshi, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vega, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Souza, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giles, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mallawaarachchi, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roach, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobson, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McNair, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mora, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pastrana, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leigh, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cram, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plewa, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grigson, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouras, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Decewicz, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luque, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Droit, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handley, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Segall, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dinsdale, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.05.531146</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Novel crAssphage isolates exhibit conserved gene order and purifying selection of the host specificity protein]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.07.531385v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tmem178 negatively regulates IL-1β production through inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.07.531385v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveInflammasomes modulate the release of bioactive IL-1{beta}. Excessive IL-1{beta} levels are detected in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) and cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) with mutated and unmutated inflammasome components, raising questions on the mechanisms of IL-1{beta} regulation in these disorders.

MethodsTo investigate how the NLRP3 inflammasome is modulated in sJIA, we focused on Tmem178, a negative regulator of calcium levels in macrophages, and measured IL-1{beta} and caspase-1 activation in wild-type (WT) and Tmem178-/- macrophages following calcium chelators, silencing of Stim1, a component of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE), or by expressing a Tmem178 mutant lacking Stim1 binding site. Mitochondrial function in both genotypes was assessed by measuring oxidative respiration, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), and mitochondrial damage. CSS development was analyzed in Perforin-/-/Tmem178-/- mice infected with LCMV in which inflammasome or IL-1 signaling was pharmacologically inhibited. Human TMEM178 and IL-1B transcripts were analyzed in a dataset of peripheral blood monocytes from healthy controls and active sJIA patients.

ResultsTMEM178 levels are reduced in monocytes from sJIA patients while IL-1B show increased levels. Accordingly, Tmem178-/- macrophages produce elevated IL-1{beta} compared to WT cells. The elevated intracellular calcium levels following SOCE activation in Tmem178-/- macrophages induce mitochondrial damage, release mtROS, and ultimately, promote NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In vivo, inhibition of inflammasome or IL-1 neutralization prolongs Tmem178-/- mouse survival to LCMV-induced CSS.

ConclusionDownregulation of Tmem178 levels may represent a new biomarker to identify sJIA/CSS patients that could benefit from receiving drugs targeting inflammasome signaling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Khanna, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehra, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rohatgi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mbalaviele, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faccio, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.07.531385</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tmem178 negatively regulates IL-1β production through inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.07.531440v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial and Amplitude Dynamics of Neurostimulation: Insights from the Acute Intrahippocampal Kainate Seizure Mouse Model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.07.531440v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveNeurostimulation is an emerging treatment for patients with medically refractory epilepsy, which is used to suppress, prevent, and terminate seizure activity. Unfortunately, after implantation and despite best clinical practice, most patients continue to have persistent seizures even after years of empirical optimization. The objective of this study is to determine optimal spatial and amplitude properties of neurostimulation in inhibiting epileptiform activity in an acute hippocampal seizure model.

MethodsWe performed high-throughput testing of high-frequency focal brain stimulation in the acute intrahippocampal kainic acid mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy. We evaluated combinations of six anatomic targets and three stimulus amplitudes.

ResultsWe found that the spike-suppressive effects of high-frequency neurostimulation are highly dependent on the stimulation amplitude and location, with higher amplitude stimulation being significantly more effective. Epileptiform spiking activity was significantly reduced with ipsilateral 250 A stimulation of the CA1 and CA3 hippocampal regions with 21.5% and 22.2% reductions, respectively. In contrast, we found that spiking frequency and amplitude significantly increased with stimulation of the ventral hippocampal commissure. We further found spatial differences with broader effects from CA1 versus CA3 stimulation.

SignificanceThese findings demonstrate that the effects of therapeutic neurostimulation in an acute hippocampal seizure model are highly dependent on the location of stimulation and stimulus amplitude. We provide a platform to optimize the anti-seizure effects of neurostimulation, and demonstrate that an exploration of the large electrical parameter and location space can improve current modalities for treating epilepsy.

Key PointsO_LIEvaluated spatial and temporal parameters of neurostimulation in a mouse model of acute seizures
C_LIO_LIBrief bursts of high-frequency (100 Hz) stimulation effectively interrupted epileptiform activity.
C_LIO_LIThe suppressive effect was highly dependent on stimulation amplitude and was maximal at the ipsilateral CA1 and CA3 regions.
C_LIO_LIPro-excitatory effects were identified with high-amplitude high-frequency stimulation at the ventral hippocampal commissure and contralateral CA1.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Foutz, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rensing, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durand, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.07.531440</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial and Amplitude Dynamics of Neurostimulation: Insights from the Acute Intrahippocampal Kainate Seizure Mouse Model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.08.531516v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inferring functional organization of posterior parietal cortex circuitry based on information flow 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.08.531516v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many studies infer the role of neurons by asking what information can be decoded from their activity or by observing the consequences of perturbing their activity. An alternative approach is to consider information flow between neurons. We applied this approach to the Parietal Reach Region (PRR) and the Lateral Intraparietal area (LIP) in posterior parietal cortex. Two complementary methods show that, across a range of reaching tasks, information flows primarily from PRR to LIP but not vice versa. This suggests that PRR determines the spatial goals of coordinated eye and arm movements and instructs LIP of those goals. Based on these findings, we conclude that PRR and LIP operate in a parallel rather than hierarchical manner to plan arm and eye movements, respectively. Similar methodology can be applied to other areas to infer their relative relationships.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kang, J. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mooshagian, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snyder, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.08.531516</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inferring functional organization of posterior parietal cortex circuitry based on information flow]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.09.531820v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Aberrant phase separation is a common killing strategy of positively charged peptides in biology and human disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.09.531820v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Positively charged repeat peptides are emerging as key players in neurodegenerative diseases. These peptides can perturb diverse cellular pathways but a unifying framework for how such promiscuous toxicity arises has remained elusive. We used mass-spectrometry-based proteomics to define the protein targets of these neurotoxic peptides and found that they all share similar sequence features that drive their aberrant condensation with these positively charged peptides. We trained a machine learning algorithm to detect such sequence features and unexpectedly discovered that this mode of toxicity is not limited to human repeat expansion disorders but has evolved countless times across the tree of life in the form of cationic antimicrobial and venom peptides. We demonstrate that an excess in positive charge is necessary and sufficient for this killer activity, which we name  polycation poisoning. These findings reveal an ancient and conserved mechanism and inform ways to leverage its design rules for new generations of bioactive peptides.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Boeynaems, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, X. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeong, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ginell, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blum, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakayama, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanyal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Briner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Haver, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pauwels, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ekman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, H. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sundararajan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porta, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lasker, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larabell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayashi, M. A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kundaje, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Impens, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Obermeyer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gitler, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.09.531820</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Aberrant phase separation is a common killing strategy of positively charged peptides in biology and human disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.07.530845v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tyrosinase-induced neuromelanin accumulation triggers rapid dysregulation and degeneration of the mouse locus coeruleus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.07.530845v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The locus coeruleus (LC), the major source of norepinephrine (NE) in the brain, is among the earliest site of pathology in both Alzheimers disease (AD) and Parkinsons disease (PD), and it undergoes catastrophic degeneration later in both disorders. Dysregulation of the LC is thought to contribute to prodromal symptoms of AD and PD such as anxiety and sleep disturbances, while frank LC loss promotes cognitive decline. However, the mechanisms responsible for its selective vulnerability are unknown. It has been suggested that neuromelanin (NM) pigment contributes to LC susceptibility, but causal relationships have been difficult to test because rodents do not naturally produce NM. Here, we report that viral-mediated expression of human tyrosinase induced pigmentation in mouse LC neurons that recapitulated key features of natural primate NM. One week of NM accumulation resulted in LC neuron hyperactivity, reduced tissue NE levels, transcriptional changes, and anxiety-like behavior. By 6-10 weeks, NM accumulation was associated with severe LC neuron neurodegeneration and microglial engulfment of the pigment granules, while the anxiety-like behavior abated. These phenotypes are reminiscent of LC dysfunction and cell death in AD and PD, validating this model for studying the consequences of NM accumulation in the LC as it relates to neurodegenerative disease.

Significance StatementAlzheimers disease (AD) and Parkinsons disease (PD) are two of the most common neurodegenerative diseases worldwide. Because therapies that cure or even prevent their progression are lacking, research is focused on the identifying earliest signs of disease as targets for diagnosis and treatment. The locus coeruleus (LC), the main source of the neurotransmitter n norepinephrine (NE) in the brain, is one of the first brain regions affected in both AD and PD. LC dysregulation promotes prodromal AD and PD symptoms, while its degeneration accelerates disease progression. Here we identify neuromelanin (NM) pigment as a LC vulnerability factor that induces neuronal hyperactivity followed by cell death. Approaches that mitigate NM accumulation and toxicity may target the earliest phases of neurodegenerative disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Iannitelli, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Segal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pare, J.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mulvey, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liles, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sloan, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCann, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weinshenker, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.07.530845</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tyrosinase-induced neuromelanin accumulation triggers rapid dysregulation and degeneration of the mouse locus coeruleus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.08.531724v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sirtuin3 ensures the metabolic plasticity of neurotransmission during glucose deprivation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.08.531724v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurotransmission is an energetically expensive process that underlies cognition. During intense electrical activity or dietary restrictions, glucose levels in the brain plummet, forcing neurons to utilize alternative fuels. However, the molecular mechanisms of neuronal metabolic plasticity remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that glucose-deprived neurons activate the CREB and PGC1 transcriptional program that induces the expression of the mitochondrial deacetylase Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) both in vitro and in vivo. We show that Sirt3 localizes to axonal mitochondria and stimulates mitochondrial oxidative capacity in hippocampal nerve terminals. Sirt3 plays an essential role in sustaining synaptic transmission in the absence of glucose by powering the retrieval of synaptic vesicles after release. These results demonstrate that the transcriptional induction of Sirt3 ensures the metabolic plasticity of synaptic transmission.

HighlightsO_LIGlucose deprivation drives transcriptional reprogramming of neuronal metabolism via CREB and PGC1.
C_LIO_LIGlucose or food deprivation trigger the neuronal expression of mitochondrial deacetylase sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) both in vitro and in vivo.
C_LIO_LISirt3 stimulates oxidative ATP synthesis in nerve terminals.
C_LIO_LISirt3 sustains the synaptic vesicle cycle in the absence of glucose.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tiwari, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hashemiaghdam, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laramie, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maschi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haddad, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stunault, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergom, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Javaheri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klyachko, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashrafi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.08.531724</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sirtuin3 ensures the metabolic plasticity of neurotransmission during glucose deprivation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.08.531807v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LRRC8A anion channels modulate vasodilation via association with Myosin Phosphatase Rho Interacting Protein (MPRIP) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.08.531807v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundIn vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), LRRC8A volume regulated anion channels (VRACs) are activated by inflammatory and pro-contractile stimuli including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF), angiotensin II and stretch. LRRC8A physically associates with NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) and supports its production of extracellular superoxide (O2-*).

Methods and ResultsMice lacking LRRC8A exclusively in VSMCs (Sm22-Cre, KO) were used to assess the role of VRACs in TNF signaling and vasomotor function. KO mesenteric vessels contracted normally to KCl and phenylephrine, but relaxation to acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was enhanced compared to wild type (WT). 48 hours of ex vivo exposure to TNF (10ng/ml) markedly impaired dilation to ACh and SNP in WT but not KO vessels. VRAC blockade (carbenoxolone, CBX, 100 M, 20 min) enhanced dilation of control rings and restored impaired dilation following TNF exposure. Myogenic tone was absent in KO rings. LRRC8A immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectroscopy identified 35 proteins that interacted with LRRC8A. Pathway analysis revealed actin cytoskeletal regulation as the most closely associated function of these proteins. Among these proteins, the Myosin Phosphatase Rho-Interacting protein (MPRIP) links RhoA, MYPT1 and actin. LRRC8A-MPRIP co-localization was confirmed by confocal imaging of tagged proteins, Proximity Ligation Assays, and IP/western blots which revealed LRRC8A binding at the second Pleckstrin Homology domain of MPRIP. siLRRC8A or CBX treatment decreased RhoA activity in cultured VSMCs, and MYPT1 phosphorylation at T853 was reduced in KO mesenteries suggesting that reduced ROCK activity contributes to enhanced relaxation. MPRIP was a target of redox modification, becoming oxidized (sulfenylated) after TNF exposure.

ConclusionsInteraction of Nox1/LRRC8A with MPRIP/RhoA/MYPT1/actin may allow redox regulation of the cytoskeleton and link Nox1 activation to both inflammation and vascular contractility.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Choi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, H.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rohrbough, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koch, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boatwright, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yarboro, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sah, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reese, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stark, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamb, F. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.08.531807</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LRRC8A anion channels modulate vasodilation via association with Myosin Phosphatase Rho Interacting Protein (MPRIP)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.08.531729v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-scale enzymatic reaction prediction by variational graph autoencoders 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.08.531729v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundEnzymatic reaction networks are crucial to explore the mechanistic function of metabolites and proteins in biological systems and understanding the etiology of diseases and potential target for drug discovery. The increasing number of metabolic reactions allows the development of deep learning-based methods to discover new enzymatic reactions, which will expand the landscape of existing enzymatic reaction networks to investigate the disrupted metabolisms in diseases.

ResultsIn this study, we propose the MPI-VGAE framework to predict metabolite-protein interactions (MPI) in a genome-scale heterogeneous enzymatic reaction network across ten organisms with thousands of enzymatic reactions. We improved the Variational Graph Autoencoders (VGAE) model to incorporate both molecular features of metabolites and proteins as well as neighboring features to achieve the best predictive performance of MPI. The MPI-VGAE framework showed robust performance in the reconstruction of hundreds of metabolic pathways and five functional enzymatic reaction networks. The MPI-VGAE framework was also applied to a homogenous metabolic reaction network and achieved as high performance as other state-of-art methods. Furthermore, the MPI-VGAE framework could be implemented to reconstruct the disease-specific MPI network based on hundreds of disrupted metabolites and proteins in Alzheimers disease and colorectal cancer, respectively. A substantial number of new potential enzymatic reactions were predicted and validated by molecular docking. These results highlight the potential of the MPI-VGAE framework for the discovery of novel disease-related enzymatic reactions and drug targets in real-world applications.

Data availability and implementationThe MPI-VGAE framework and datasets are publicly accessible on GitHub https://github.com/mmetalab/mpi-vgae.

Author BiographiesCheng Wang received his Ph.D. in Chemistry from The Ohio State Univesity, USA. He is currently a Assistant Professor in School of Public Health at Shandong University, China. His research interests include bioinformatics, machine learning-based approach with applications to biomedical networks.

Chuang Yuan is a research assistant at Shandong University. He obtained the MS degree in Biology at the University of Science and Technology of China. His research interests include biochemistry & molecular biology, cell biology, biomedicine, bioinformatics, and computational biology.

Yahui Wang is a PhD student in Department of Chemistry at Washington University in St. Louis. Her research interests include biochemistry, mass spectrometry-based metabolomics, and cancer metabolism.

Ranran Chen is a master graduate student in School of Public Health at University of Shandong, China.

Yuying Shi is a master graduate student in School of Public Health at University of Shandong, China.

Gary J. Patti is the Michael and Tana Powell Professor at Washington University in St. Louis, where he holds appointments in the Department of Chemisrty and the Department of Medicine. He is also the Senior Director of the Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing at Washington University. His research interests include metabolomics, bioinformatics, high-throughput mass spectrometry, environmental health, cancer, and aging.

Leyi Wei received his Ph.D. in Computer Science from Xiamen University, China. He is currently a Professor in School of Software at Shandong University, China. His research interests include machine learning and its applications to bioinformatics.

Qingzhen Hou received his Ph.D. in the Centre for Integrative Bioinformatics VU (IBIVU) from Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Since 2020, He has serveved as the head of Bioinformatics Center in National Institute of Health Data Science of China and Assistant Professor in School of Public Health, Shandong University, China. His areas of research are bioinformatics and computational biophysics.

Key pointsO_LIGenome-scale heterogeneous networks of metabolite-protein interaction (MPI) based on thousands of enzymatic reactions across ten organisms were constructed semi-automatically.
C_LIO_LIAn enzymatic reaction prediction method called Metabolite-Protein Interaction Variational Graph Autoencoders (MPI-VGAE) was developed and optimized to achieve higher performance compared with existing machine learning methods by using both molecular features of metabolites and proteins.
C_LIO_LIMPI-VGAE is broadly useful for applications involving the reconstruction of metabolic pathways, functional enzymatic reaction networks, and homogenous networks (e.g., metabolic reaction networks).
C_LIO_LIBy implementing MPI-VGAE to Alzheimers disease and colorectal cancer, we obtained several novel disease-related protein-metabolite reactions with biological meanings. Moreover, we further investigated the reasonable binding details of protein-metabolite interactions using molecular docking approaches which provided useful information for disease mechanism and drug design.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.08.531729</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-scale enzymatic reaction prediction by variational graph autoencoders]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.09.531932v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Optical coherence tomography of human fetal membrane sub-layers during dynamic loading 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.09.531932v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fetal membranes have important mechanical and antimicrobial roles in maintaining pregnancy. However, the small thickness (<800 m) of fetal membranes places them outside the resolution limits of most ultrasound and magnetic resonance systems. Optical imaging methods like optical coherence tomography (OCT) have the potential to fill this resolution gap. Here, OCT and machine learning methods were developed to characterize the ex vivo properties of human fetal membranes under dynamic loading. A saline inflation test was incorporated into an OCT system, and tests were performed on n=33 and n=32 human samples obtained from labored and C-section donors, respectively. Fetal membranes were collected in near-cervical and near-placental locations. Histology, endogenous two photon fluorescence microscopy, and second harmonic generation microscopy were used to identify sources of contrast in OCT images of fetal membranes. A convolutional neural network was trained to automatically segment fetal membrane sub-layers with high accuracy (Dice coefficients >0.8). Intact amniochorion bilayer and separated amnion and chorion were individually loaded, and the amnion layer was identified as the load-bearing layer within intact fetal membranes for both labored and C-section samples, consistent with prior work. Additionally, the rupture pressure and thickness of the amniochorion bilayer from the near-placental region were greater than those of the near-cervical region for labored samples. This location-dependent change in fetal membrane thickness was not attributable to the load-bearing amnion layer. Finally, the initial phase of the loading curve indicates that amniochorion bilayer from the near-cervical region is strain-hardened compared to the near-placental region in labored samples. Overall, these studies fill a gap in our understanding of the structural and mechanical properties of human fetal membranes at high resolution under dynamic loading events.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Samimi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Contreras Guzman, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlson, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feltovich, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myers, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oyen, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skala, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.09.531932</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Optical coherence tomography of human fetal membrane sub-layers during dynamic loading]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.12.531990v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The analytical Flory random coil is a simple-to-use reference model for unfolded and disordered proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.12.531990v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Denatured, unfolded, and intrinsically disordered proteins (collectively referred to here as unfolded proteins) can be described using analytical polymer models. These models capture various polymeric properties and can be fit to simulation results or experimental data. However, the model parameters commonly require users decisions, making them useful for data interpretation but less clearly applicable as stand-alone reference models. Here we use all-atom simulations of polypeptides in conjunction with polymer scaling theory to parameterize an analytical model of unfolded polypeptides that behave as ideal chains ({nu} = 0.50). The model, which we call the analytical Flory Random Coil (AFRC), requires only the amino acid sequence as input and provides direct access to probability distributions of global and local conformational order parameters. The model defines a specific reference state to which experimental and computational results can be compared and normalized. As a proof-of-concept, we use the AFRC to identify sequence-specific intramolecular interactions in simulations of disordered proteins. We also use the AFRC to contextualize a curated set of 145 different radii of gyration obtained from previously published small-angle X-ray scattering experiments of disordered proteins. The AFRC is implemented as a stand-alone software package and is also available via a Google colab notebook. In summary, the AFRC provides a simple-to-use reference polymer model that can guide intuition and aid in interpreting experimental or simulation results.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alston, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ginell, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soranno, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.12.531990</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The analytical Flory random coil is a simple-to-use reference model for unfolded and disordered proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.13.532464v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-throughput, fluorescent-aptamer-based measurements of steady-state transcription rates for Mycobacterium tuberculosis RNA polymerase 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.13.532464v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The first step in gene expression is the transcription of DNA sequences into RNA. Regulation at the level of transcription leads to changes in steady-state concentrations of RNA transcripts, affecting the flux of downstream functions and ultimately cellular phenotypes. Changes in transcript levels are routinely followed in cellular contexts via genome-wide sequencing techniques. However, in vitro mechanistic studies of transcription have lagged with respect to throughput. Here, we describe the use of a real-time, fluorescent-aptamer-based method to quantitate steady-state transcription rates of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis RNA polymerase. We present clear controls to show that the assay specifically reports on promoter-dependent, full-length RNA transcription rates that are in good agreement with the kinetics determined by gel-resolved, -32P NTP incorporation experiments. We illustrate how the time-dependent changes in fluorescence can be used to measure regulatory effects of nucleotide concentrations and identity, RNAP and DNA concentrations, transcription factors, and antibiotics. Our data showcase the ability to easily perform hundreds of parallel steady-state measurements across varying conditions with high precision and reproducibility to facilitate the study of the molecular mechanisms of bacterial transcription.

Significance StatementRNA polymerase transcription mechanisms have largely been determined from in vitro kinetic and structural biology methods. In contrast to the limited throughput of these approaches, in vivo RNA sequencing provides genome-wide measurements but lacks the ability to dissect direct biochemical from indirect genetic mechanisms. Here, we present a method that bridges this gap, permitting high-throughput fluorescence-based measurements of in vitro steady-state transcription kinetics. We illustrate how an RNA-aptamer-based detection system can be used to generate quantitative information on direct mechanisms of transcriptional regulation and discuss the far-reaching implications for future applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jensen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manzano, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomko, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rector, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Record, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galburt, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.13.532464</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-throughput, fluorescent-aptamer-based measurements of steady-state transcription rates for Mycobacterium tuberculosis RNA polymerase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.14.532531v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Geneneralising the HCP multimodal cortical parcellation to UK Biobank 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.14.532531v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Human Connectome Project Multimodal Parcellation (HCP_MMP1.0) provides a robust in vivo map of the cerebral cortex, which demonstrates variability in structure and function that cannot be captured through diffeomorphic image registration alone. The HCP successfully employed a fully-connected neural network architecture to capture this variation, however it is unclear whether this approach generalises to other datasets with less rich imaging protocols. In this paper we propose and validate a novel geometric deep learning framework for generating individualised HCP_MMP1.0 parcellations in UK Biobank (UKB), an extremely rich resource that has led to numerous breakthroughs in neuroscience. To address substantial differences in image acquisition (for example, 6 minutes of resting-state fMRI per subject for UKB vs. 60 minutes per subject for HCP), we introduce a multi-step learning procedure including pretraining with a convolutional autoencoder. Compared to a fully-connected baseline, our proposed framework improved average detection rate across all areas by 10.4% (99.1% vs 88.7%), and detection of the worst performing area by 51.0% (80.9% vs. 29.9%). Importantly, this was not a result of the framework predicting one consistent parcellation across subjects, as visual inspection indicated that our method was sensitive to atypical cortical topographies. Code and trained models will be made available at https://www.github.com.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Williams, L. Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glasser, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alfaro-Almagro, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dahan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fawaz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coalson, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitzgibbon, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suliman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Essen, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.14.532531</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Geneneralising the HCP multimodal cortical parcellation to UK Biobank]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.14.532620v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hem25p is a mitochondrial IPP transporter 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.14.532620v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Coenzyme Q (CoQ, ubiquinone) is an essential cellular cofactor comprised of a redox-active quinone head group and a long hydrophobic polyisoprene tail. How mitochondria access cytosolic isoprenoids for CoQ biosynthesis is a longstanding mystery. Here, via a combination of genetic screening, metabolic tracing, and targeted uptake assays, we reveal that Hem25p--a mitochondrial glycine transporter required for heme biosynthesis--doubles as an isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) transporter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mitochondria lacking Hem25p fail to efficiently incorporate IPP into early CoQ precursors, leading to loss of CoQ and turnover of CoQ biosynthetic proteins. Expression of Hem25p in Escherichia coli enables robust IPP uptake demonstrating that Hem25p is sufficient for IPP transport. Collectively, our work reveals that Hem25p drives the bulk of mitochondrial isoprenoid transport for CoQ biosynthesis in yeast.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guerra, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muehlbauer, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shishkova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Overmyer, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coon, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pagliarini, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.14.532620</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hem25p is a mitochondrial IPP transporter]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.13.532485v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular mechanisms of functional impairment for active site mutations in glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1 linked to glycogen storage disease type 1a. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.13.532485v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mediating the terminal reaction of gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, the integral membrane protein G6PC1 regulates hepatic glucose production by catalyzing hydrolysis of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. Consistent with its vital contribution to glucose homeostasis, inactivating mutations in G6PC1 cause glycogen storage disease (GSD) type 1a characterized by hepatomegaly and severe hypoglycemia. Despite its physiological importance, the structural basis of G6P binding to G6PC1 and the molecular disruptions induced by missense mutations within the active site that give rise to GSD type 1a are unknown. Exploiting a computational model of G6PC1 derived from the groundbreaking structure prediction algorithm AlphaFold2 (AF2), we combine molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and computational predictions of thermodynamic stability with a robust in vitro screening platform to define the atomic interactions governing G6P binding as well as explore the energetic perturbations imposed by disease-linked variants. We identify a collection of side chains, including conserved residues from the signature phosphatidic acid phosphatase motif, that contribute to a hydrogen bonding and van der Waals network stabilizing G6P in the active site. Introduction of GSD type 1a mutations into the G6PC1 sequence elicits changes in G6P binding energy, thermostability and structural properties, suggesting multiple pathways of catalytic impairment. Our results, which corroborate the high quality of the AF2 model as a guide for experimental design and to interpret outcomes, not only confirm active site structural organization but also suggest novel mechanistic contributions of catalytic and non-catalytic side chains.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sinclair, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheehan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawes, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Brien, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tajkhorshid, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Claxton, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.13.532485</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular mechanisms of functional impairment for active site mutations in glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1 linked to glycogen storage disease type 1a.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.14.532678v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A thermodynamic analysis of CLC transporter dimerization in lipid bilayers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.14.532678v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The CLC-ec1 chloride/proton antiporter is a membrane embedded homodimer where subunits can dissociate and associate, but the thermodynamic driving forces favor the assembled form at biological densities. Yet, the physical reasons for this stability are confounding since binding occurs via the burial of hydrophobic protein interfaces yet the hydrophobic effect should not apply since there is little water within the membrane. To investigate this further, we quantified the thermodynamic changes associated with CLC dimerization in membranes by carrying out a van 't Hoff analysis of the temperature dependency of the free energy of dimerization,{Delta} G{degrees}. To ensure that the reaction reached equilibrium under changing conditions, we utilized a Forster Resonance Energy Transfer based assay to report on the relaxation kinetics of subunit exchange as a function of temperature. These equilibration times were then applied to measure CLC-ec1 dimerization isotherms as a function of temperature using the single-molecule subunit-capture photobleaching analysis approach. The results demonstrate that the dimerization free energy of CLC in E. coli membranes exhibits a non-linear temperature dependency corresponding to a large, negative change in heat capacity, a signature of solvent ordering effects including the hydrophobic effect. Consolidating this with our previous molecular analyses suggests that the non-bilayer defect required to solvate the monomeric state is the molecular source of this large change in heat capacity and is a major and generalizable driving force for protein association in membranes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chadda, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandal, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahoney-Kruszka, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robertson, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.14.532678</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A thermodynamic analysis of CLC transporter dimerization in lipid bilayers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.15.532828v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phase Separation in Mixtures of Prion-Like Low Complexity Domains is Driven by the Interplay of Homotypic and Heterotypic Interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.15.532828v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Prion-like low-complexity domains (PLCDs) are involved in the formation and regulation of distinct biomolecular condensates that form via coupled associative and segregative phase transitions. We previously deciphered how evolutionarily conserved sequence features drive phase separation of PLCDs through homotypic interactions. However, condensates typically encompass a diverse mixture of proteins with PLCDs. Here, we combine simulations and experiments to study mixtures of PLCDs from two RNA binding proteins namely, hnRNPA1 and FUS. We find that 1:1 mixtures of the A1-LCD and FUS-LCD undergo phase separation more readily than either of the PLCDs on their own. The enhanced driving forces for phase separation of mixtures of A1-LCD and FUS-LCD arise partly from complementary electrostatic interactions between the two proteins. This complex coacervation-like mechanism adds to complementary interactions among aromatic residues. Further, tie line analysis shows that stoichiometric ratios of different components and their sequence-encoded interactions jointly contribute to the driving forces for condensate formation. These results highlight how expression levels might be tuned to regulate the driving forces for condensate formation in vivo. Simulations also show that the organization of PLCDs within condensates deviates from expectations based on random mixture models. Instead, spatial organization within condensates will reflect the relative strengths of homotypic versus heterotypic interactions. We also uncover rules for how interaction strengths and sequence lengths modulate conformational preferences of molecules at interfaces of condensates formed by mixtures of proteins. Overall, our findings emphasize the network-like organization of molecules within multicomponent condensates, and the distinctive, composition-specific conformational features of condensate interfaces.

Significance StatementBiomolecular condensates are mixtures of different protein and nucleic acid molecules that organize biochemical reactions in cells. Much of what we know about how condensates form comes from studies of phase transitions of individual components of condensates. Here, we report results from studies of phase transitions of mixtures of archetypal protein domains that feature in distinct condensates. Our investigations, aided by a blend of computations and experiments, show that the phase transitions of mixtures are governed by a complex interplay of homotypic and heterotypic interactions. The results point to how expression levels of different protein components can be tuned in cells to modulate internal structures, compositions, and interfaces of condensates, thus affording distinct ways to control the functions of condensates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Farag, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borcherds, W. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bremer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mittag, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.15.532828</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phase Separation in Mixtures of Prion-Like Low Complexity Domains is Driven by the Interplay of Homotypic and Heterotypic Interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.15.532878v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The highly conserved stem-loop II motif is dispensable for SARS-CoV-2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.15.532878v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The stem-loop II motif (s2m) is a RNA structural element that is found in the 3 untranslated region (UTR) of many RNA viruses including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Though the motif was discovered over twenty-five years ago, its functional significance is unknown. In order to understand the importance of s2m, we created viruses with deletions or mutations of the s2m by reverse genetics and also evaluated a clinical isolate harboring a unique s2m deletion. Deletion or mutation of the s2m had no effect on growth in vitro, or growth and viral fitness in Syrian hamsters in vivo. We also compared the secondary structure of the 3 UTR of wild type and s2m deletion viruses using SHAPE-MaP and DMS-MaPseq. These experiments demonstrate that the s2m forms an independent structure and that its deletion does not alter the overall remaining 3UTR RNA structure. Together, these findings suggest that s2m is dispensable for SARS-CoV-2.

IMPORTANCERNA viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) contain functional structures to support virus replication, translation and evasion of the host antiviral immune response. The 3 untranslated region of early isolates of SARS-CoV-2 contained a stem-loop II motif (s2m), which is a RNA structural element that is found in many RNA viruses. This motif was discovered over twenty-five years ago, but its functional significance is unknown. We created SARS-CoV-2 with deletions or mutations of the s2m and determined the effect of these changes on viral growth in tissue culture and in rodent models of infection. Deletion or mutation of the s2m element had no effect on growth in vitro, or growth and viral fitness in Syrian hamsters in vivo. We also observed no impact of the deletion on other known RNA structures in the same region of the genome. These experiments demonstrate that the s2m is dispensable for SARS-CoV-2.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janowski, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujii, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bricker, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darling, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harastani, H. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seehra, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tahan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Febles, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blatter, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handley, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parikh, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boon, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.15.532878</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The highly conserved stem-loop II motif is dispensable for SARS-CoV-2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.16.533025v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcription regulation by CarD in mycobacteria is guided by basal promoter kinetics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.16.533025v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacterial pathogens like Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) employ transcription factors to adapt their physiology to the diverse environments within their host. CarD is a conserved bacterial transcription factor that is essential for viability in Mtb. Unlike classical transcription factors that recognize promoters by binding to specific DNA sequence motifs, CarD binds directly to the RNA polymerase (RNAP) to stabilize the open complex intermediate (RPo) during transcription initiation. We previously showed using RNA-sequencing that CarD is capable of both activating and repressing transcription in vivo. However, it is unknown how CarD achieves promoter specific regulatory outcomes in Mtb despite binding indiscriminate of DNA sequence. We propose a model where CarDs regulatory outcome depends on the promoters basal RPo stability and test this model using in vitro transcription from a panel of promoters with varying levels of RPo stability. We show that CarD directly activates full-length transcript production from the Mtb ribosomal RNA promoter rrnAP3 (AP3) and that the degree of transcription activation by CarD is negatively correlated with RPo stability. Using targeted mutations in the extended -10 and discriminator region of AP3, we show that CarD directly represses transcription from promoters that form relatively stable RPo. DNA supercoiling also influenced RPo stability and affected the direction of CarD regulation, indicating that the outcome of CarD activity can be regulated by factors beyond promoter sequence. Our results provide experimental evidence for how RNAP-binding transcription factors like CarD can exert specific regulatory outcomes based on the kinetic properties of a promoter.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, D. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stallings, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.16.533025</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcription regulation by CarD in mycobacteria is guided by basal promoter kinetics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.13.532474v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeted proteomic quantitation of NRF2 signaling and predictive biomarkers in HNSCC 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.13.532474v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The NFE2L2/NRF2 oncogene and transcription factor drives a gene expression program that promotes cancer progression, metabolic reprogramming, immune evasion and chemoradiation resistance. Patient stratification by NRF2 activity may guide treatment decisions to improve outcome. Here, we developed a mass spectrometry (MS)-based targeted proteomics assay based on internal standard triggered parallel reaction monitoring (IS-PRM) to quantify 69 NRF2 pathway components and targets as well as 21 proteins of broad clinical significance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We improved the existing IS-PRM acquisition algorithm, called SureQuant, to increase throughput, sensitivity, and precision. Testing the optimized platform on 27 lung and upper aerodigestive cancer cell models revealed 35 NRF2 responsive proteins. In formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) HNSCCs, NRF2 signaling intensity positively correlated with NRF2 activating mutations and with SOX2 protein expression. PD-L2/CD273 and protein markers of T-cell infiltration correlated positively with one another and with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection status. p16/CDKN2A protein expression positively correlated with the HPV oncogenic E7 protein, and confirmed the presence of translationally active virus. This work establishes a clinically actionable HNSCC protein biomarker assay capable of quantifying over 600 peptides from frozen or FFPE archived tissues in under 90 minutes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wamsley, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilkerson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LaPak, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schrank, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holmes, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sprung, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilmore, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerndt, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paniello, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pipkorn, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puram, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rich, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Townsend, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zevallos, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zolkind, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, Q.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldfarb, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Major, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.13.532474</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeted proteomic quantitation of NRF2 signaling and predictive biomarkers in HNSCC]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.18.533275v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dual impact of PTEN mutation on CSF dynamics and cortical networks via the dysregulation of neural precursors and their interneuron descendants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.18.533275v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Expansion of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled cerebral ventricles (ventriculomegaly) is the quintessential feature of congenital hydrocephalus (CH) but also seen in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and several neuropsychiatric diseases. PTEN is frequently mutated in ASD; here, we show PTEN is a bona fide risk gene for the development of ventriculomegaly, including neurosurgically-treated CH. Pten-mutant hydrocephalus is associated with aqueductal stenosis due to the hyperproliferation of periventricular Nkx2.1+ neural precursors (NPCs) and CSF hypersecretion from inflammation-dependent choroid plexus hyperplasia. The hydrocephalic Pten-mutant cortex exhibits ASD-like network dysfunction due to impaired activity of Nkx2.1+ NPC-derived inhibitory interneurons. Raptor deletion or post-natal Everolimus corrects ventriculomegaly, rescues cortical deficits, and increases survival by antagonizing mTORC1-dependent Nkx2.1+ cell pathology. These results implicate a dual impact of PTEN mutation on CSF dynamics and cortical networks via the dysregulation of NPCs and their interneuron descendants. These data identify a non-surgical treatment target for hydrocephalus and have implications for other developmental brain disorders.

HIGHLIGHTSO_LIPTEN de novo mutations are associated with cerebral ventriculomegaly in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and congenital hydrocephalus (CH).
C_LIO_LIPten-mutant hydrocephalus is associated with aqueductal stenosis due to the hyperproliferation of medial ganglionic eminence Nkx2.1+ neural precursors and CSF hypersecretion from inflammation-induced choroid plexus hyperplasia.
C_LIO_LIThe hydrocephalic Pten-mutant cortex exhibits ASD-like network dysfunction due to impaired activity of Nkx2.1+ NPC-derived inhibitory interneurons.
C_LIO_LImTORC1 inhibition via Raptor deletion or early post-natal treatment with rapamycin or everolimus increases survival and ameliorates Pten-mutant ventriculomegaly and cortical pathology.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>DeSpenza, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiziltug, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allington, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Connor, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robert, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mekbib, K. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nanda, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenberg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duy, P. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mandino, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lynn, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reeves, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marlier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Getz, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson-Williams, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shimelis, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walsh, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>OuYang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deniz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lake, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luikart, B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kahle, K. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.18.533275</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dual impact of PTEN mutation on CSF dynamics and cortical networks via the dysregulation of neural precursors and their interneuron descendants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.18.533283v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The CARD8 inflammasome drives CD4+ T-cell depletion in HIV-1 infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.18.533283v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CD4+ T-cell depletion is the root cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). How HIV depletes CD4+ T cells in humans remains unknown because vast majority of the dying CD4+ T cells in patients are uninfected. Burgeoning evidence supports the hypothesis that non-productive HIV-1 infection triggers CD4+ T-cell depletion in the course of pathogenic HIV and SIV infections. Here, we report that the CARD8 inflammasome is activated immediately after HIV-1 entry by the viral protease encapsulated in the incoming HIV-1 particles. Sensing of HIV-1 protease activity by the CARD8 inflammasome leads to rapid pyroptosis of quiescent CD4+ T cells without productive viral infection. In humanized mice reconstituted with a CARD8-deficient immune system, CD4+ T-cell loss is delayed despite increased levels of HIV-1 replication. Our study suggests that the CARD8 inflammasome drives CD4+ T-cell depletion and disease progression through rapid sensing of HIV-1 particles.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.18.533283</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The CARD8 inflammasome drives CD4+ T-cell depletion in HIV-1 infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.16.533024v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mitigation of membrane morphology defects explain stability and orientational specificity of CLC dimers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.16.533024v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most membrane proteins are oligomers, but the physical forces explaining the stable association of these complexes inside the lipid bilayer are not well understood. The homodimeric antiporter CLC-ec1 highlights the puzzling nature of this reaction. This complex is thermodynamically stable even though it associates via a large hydrophobic protein-protein interface that appears well adapted to interact with the membrane interior. In a previous study, however, we discovered that when CLC-ec1 is dissociated, this interface introduces a morphological defect in the surrounding membrane, leading us to hypothesize association is driven by the elimination of this defect upon dimerization. This study tests this hypothetical mechanism directly and shows it is supported by molecular and physical models. First, using coarse-grained umbrella-sampling molecular simulations, we calculated the membrane contribution to the potential-of-mean-force for dimerization in a POPC bilayer. This shows the stable association of CLC subunits prior to formation of direct protein-protein contacts, but only via the native interface that presents the membrane defect, and not others. Single-molecule photobleaching experiments show that addition of short-chain DLPC lipids, known to alleviate the membrane defect, also shifts the association equilibrium from dimers to monomers. We explain this destabilizing effect through additional umbrella-sampling and alchemical free-energy simulations, which show DLPC enrichment of the defect diminishes the membrane contribution to the association free energy, as it improves the lipid-solvation energetics of the monomer but not the dimer. In summary, this study establishes a physical model that explains the stability and orientational specificity of CLC dimers in terms of membrane-mediated forces, rather than protein-protein interactions. We posit that cells might ubiquitously leverage morphological defects in the bilayer to drive organization of membrane proteins into functional complexes, and that cellular regulation of lipid composition can modulate this organizing effect.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ozturk, T. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernhardt, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwartz, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chadda, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robertson, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faraldo-Gomez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.16.533024</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mitigation of membrane morphology defects explain stability and orientational specificity of CLC dimers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.18.532837v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic dysregulation of an endothelial Ras signaling network in vein of Galen malformations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.18.532837v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To elucidate the pathogenesis of vein of Galen malformations (VOGMs), the most common and severe congenital brain arteriovenous malformation, we performed an integrated analysis of 310 VOGM proband-family exomes and 336,326 human cerebrovasculature single-cell transcriptomes. We found the Ras suppressor p120 RasGAP (RASA1) harbored a genome-wide significant burden of loss-of-function de novo variants (p=4.79x10-7). Rare, damaging transmitted variants were enriched in Ephrin receptor-B4 (EPHB4) (p=1.22x10-5), which cooperates with p120 RasGAP to limit Ras activation. Other probands had pathogenic variants in ACVRL1, NOTCH1, ITGB1, and PTPN11. ACVRL1 variants were also identified in a multi-generational VOGM pedigree. Integrative genomics defined developing endothelial cells as a key spatio-temporal locus of VOGM pathophysiology. Mice expressing a VOGM-specific EPHB4 kinase-domain missense variant exhibited constitutive endothelial Ras/ERK/MAPK activation and impaired hierarchical development of angiogenesis-regulated arterial-capillary-venous networks, but only when carrying a "second-hit" allele. These results illuminate human arterio-venous development and VOGM pathobiology and have clinical implications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mekbib, K. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Ent, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allington, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prendergast, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chau, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shohfi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ocken, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duran, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furey, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, H. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duy, P. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reeves, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson-Williams, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nottoli, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rolle, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mane, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piwowarczyk, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fehnel, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>See, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iskandar, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aagaard-Kienitz, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kundishora, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeSpenza, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenberg, A. B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kidanemariam, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prendergast, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnston, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Storm, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lang, S.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butler, W. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chapman, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>St</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.18.532837</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic dysregulation of an endothelial Ras signaling network in vein of Galen malformations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.19.533322v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FIREBALL: A tool to fit protein phase diagrams based on mean-field theories for polymer solutions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.19.533322v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biomolecular condensates form via phase transitions of condensate-specific biomacromolecules. Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) featuring the appropriate sequence grammar can contribute homotypic and heterotypic interactions to the driving forces for phase separation of multivalent proteins. At this juncture, experiments and computations have matured to the point where the concentrations of coexisting dense and dilute phases can be quantified for individual IDRs in complex milieus both in vitro and in vivo. For a macromolecule such as a disordered protein in a solvent, the locus of points that connects concentrations of the two coexisting phases defines a phase boundary or binodal. Often, only a few points along the binodal, especially in the dense phase, are accessible for measurement. In such cases and for quantitative and comparative analysis of parameters that describe the driving forces for phase separation, it is useful to fit measured or computed binodals to well-known mean-field free energies for polymer solutions. Unfortunately, the non-linearity of the underlying free energy functions makes it challenging to put mean-field theories into practice. Here, we present FIREBALL, a suite of computational tools designed to enable efficient construction, analysis, and fitting to experimental or computed data of binodals. We show that depending on the theory being used, one can also extract information regarding coil-to-globule transitions of individual macromolecules. Here, we emphasize the ease-of-use and utility of FIREBALL using examples based on data for two different IDRs.

Statement of SignificanceMacromolecular phase separation drives the assembly of membraneless bodies known as biomolecular condensates. Measurements and computer simulations can now be brought to bear to quantify how the concentrations of macromolecules in coexisting dilute and dense phases vary with changes to solution conditions. These mappings can be fit to analytical expressions for free energies of solution to extract information regarding parameters that enable comparative assessments of the balance of macromolecule-solvent interactions across different systems. However, the underlying free energies are non-linear and fitting them to actual data is non-trivial. To enable comparative numerical analyses, we introduce FIREBALL, a user-friendly suite of computational tools that allows one to generate, analyze, and fit phase diagrams and coil-to-globule transitions using well-known theories.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Farag, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.19.533322</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FIREBALL: A tool to fit protein phase diagrams based on mean-field theories for polymer solutions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533729v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure and Function of the Dot/Icm T4SS 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533729v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Legionella pneumophila Dot/Icm type IV secretion system (T4SS) delivers effector proteins into host cells during infection. Despite its significance as a potential drug target, our current understanding of its atomic structure is limited to isolated subcomplexes. In this study, we used subtomogram averaging and integrative modeling to construct a nearly-complete model of the Dot/Icm T4SS accounting for seventeen protein components. We locate and provide insights into the structure and function of six new components including DotI, DotJ, DotU, IcmF, IcmT, and IcmX. We find that the cytosolic N-terminal domain of IcmF, a key protein forming a central hollow cylinder, interacts with DotU, providing insight into previously uncharacterized density. Furthermore, our model, in combination with analyses of compositional heterogeneity, explains how the cytoplasmic ATPase DotO is connected to the periplasmic complex via interactions with membrane-bound DotI/DotJ proteins. Coupled with in situ infection data, our model offers new insights into the T4SS-mediated secretion mechanism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dutka, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maggi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosal, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vijayrajratnam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vogel, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensen, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.22.533729</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure and Function of the Dot/Icm T4SS]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533829v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discovery of a cryptic pocket in the AI-predicted structure of PPM1D phosphatase explains the binding site and potency of its allosteric inhibitors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533829v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Virtual screening is a widely used tool for drug discovery, but its predictive power can vary dramatically depending on how much structural data is available. In the best case, crystal structures of a ligand-bound protein can help find more potent ligands. However, virtual screens tend to be less predictive when only ligand-free crystal structures are available, and even less predictive if a homology model or other predicted structure must be used. Here, we explore the possibility that this situation can be improved by better accounting for protein dynamics, as simulations started from a single structure have a reasonable chance of sampling nearby structures that are more compatible with ligand binding. As a specific example, we consider the cancer drug target PPM1D/Wip1 phosphatase, a protein that lacks crystal structures. High-throughput screens have led to the discovery of several allosteric inhibitors of PPM1D, but their binding mode remains unknown. To enable further drug discovery efforts, we assessed the predictive power of an AlphaFold-predicted structure of PPM1D and a Markov state model (MSM) built from molecular dynamics simulations initiated from that structure. Our simulations reveal a cryptic pocket at the interface between two important structural elements, the flap and hinge regions. Using deep learning to predict the pose quality of each docked compound for the active site and cryptic pocket suggests that the inhibitors strongly prefer binding to the cryptic pocket, consistent with their allosteric effect. The predicted affinities for the dynamically uncovered cryptic pocket also recapitulate the relative potencies of the compounds ({tau}b=0.70) better than the predicted affinities for the static AlphaFold-predicted structure ({tau}b=0.42). Taken together, these results suggest that targeting the cryptic pocket is a good strategy for drugging PPM1D and, more generally, that conformations selected from simulation can improve virtual screening when limited structural data is available.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Meller, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Oliviera, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abramyan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davtyan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van den Bedem, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.22.533829</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discovery of a cryptic pocket in the AI-predicted structure of PPM1D phosphatase explains the binding site and potency of its allosteric inhibitors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.24.534103v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Parasite hybridization promotes spreading of endosymbiotic viruses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.24.534103v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Viruses are the most abundant biological entities on Earth and play a significant role in the evolution of many organisms and ecosystems. In pathogenic protozoa, the presence of endosymbiotic viruses has been linked to an increased risk of treatment failure and severe clinical outcome. Here, we studied the molecular epidemiology of the zoonotic disease cutaneous leishmaniasis in Peru and Bolivia through a joint evolutionary analysis of Leishmania braziliensis parasites and their endosymbiotic Leishmania RNA virus. We show that parasite populations circulate in isolated pockets of suitable habitat and are associated with single viral lineages that appear in low prevalence. In contrast, groups of hybrid parasites were geographically and ecologically dispersed, and commonly infected from a pool of genetically diverse viruses. Our results suggest that parasite hybridization, likely due to increased human migration and ecological perturbations, increased the frequency of endosymbiotic interactions known to play a key role in disease severity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Heeren, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maes, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanders, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lye, L.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arevalo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Llanos Cuentas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemey, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beverley, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cotton, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dujardin, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van den Broeck, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.24.534103</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Parasite hybridization promotes spreading of endosymbiotic viruses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.24.534159v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Learning the functional landscape of microbial communities 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.24.534159v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbial consortia exhibit complex functional properties in contexts ranging from soils to bioreactors to human hosts. Understanding how community composition determines emergent function is a major goal of microbial ecology. Here we address this challenge using the concept of community-function landscapes - analogs to fitness landscapes - that capture how changes in community composition alter collective function. Using datasets that represent a broad set of community functions, from production/degradation of specific compounds to biomass generation, we show that statistically-inferred landscapes quantitatively predict community functions from knowledge of strain presence or absence. Crucially, community-function landscapes allow prediction without explicit knowledge of abundance dynamics or interactions between species, and can be accurately trained using measurements from a small subset of all possible community compositions. The success of our approach arises from the fact that empirical community-function landscapes are typically not rugged, meaning that they largely lack high-order epistatic contributions that would be difficult to fit with limited data. Finally, we show this observation is generic across many ecological models, suggesting community-function landscapes can be applied broadly across many contexts. Our results open the door to the rational design of consortia without detailed knowledge of abundance dynamics or interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Skwara, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gowda, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yousef, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz-Colunga, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raman, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tikhonov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuehn, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.24.534159</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Learning the functional landscape of microbial communities]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533803v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolution of a Functionally Intact but Antigenically Distinct DENV Fusion Loop 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533803v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A hallmark of Dengue virus (DENV) pathogenesis is the potential for antibody-dependent enhancement, which is associated with deadly DENV secondary infection, complicates the identification of correlates of protection, and negatively impacts the safety and efficacy of DENV vaccines. ADE is linked to antibodies targeting the fusion loop (FL) motif of the envelope protein, which is completely conserved in mosquito-borne flaviviruses and required for viral entry and fusion. In the current study, we utilized saturation mutagenesis and directed evolution to engineer a functional variant with a mutated FL (D2-FL) which is not neutralized by FL-targeting monoclonal antibodies. The FL mutations were combined with our previously evolved prM cleavage site to create a mature version of D2-FL (D2-FLM), which evades both prM- and FL-Abs but retains sensitivity to other type-specific and quaternary cross-reactive (CR) Abs. CR serum from heterotypic (DENV4) infected non-human primates (NHP) showed lower neutralization titers against D2-FL and D2-FLM than isogenic wildtype DENV2 while similar neutralization titers were observed in serum from homotypic (DENV2) infected NHP. We propose D2-FL and D2-FLM as valuable tools to delineate CR Ab subtypes in serum as well as an exciting platform for safer live attenuated DENV vaccines suitable for naive individuals and children.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Meganck, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snoderly-Foster, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalben, Y. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thiono, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeSilva, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baric, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tse, L. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.22.533803</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolution of a Functionally Intact but Antigenically Distinct DENV Fusion Loop]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.26.534306v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interpretable spatial cell learning enhances the characterization of patient tissue microenvironments with highly multiplexed imaging data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.26.534306v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multiplexed imaging technologies enable highly resolved spatial characterization of cellular environments. However, exploiting these rich spatial cell datasets for biological insight is a considerable analytical challenge. In particular, effective approaches to define disease-specific microenvironments on the basis of clinical outcomes is a complex problem with immediate pathological value. Here we present InterSTELLAR, a geometric deep learning framework for multiplexed imaging data, to directly link tissue subtypes with corresponding cell communities that have clinical relevance. Using a publicly available breast cancer imaging mass cytometry dataset, InterSTELLAR allows simultaneous tissue type prediction and interested community detection, with improved performance over conventional methods. Downstream analyses demonstrate InterSTELLAR is able to capture specific pathological features from different clinical cancer subtypes. The method is able to reveal potential relationships between these regions and patient prognosis. InterSTELLAR represents an application of geometric deep learning with direct benefits for extracting enhanced microenvironment characterization for multiplexed imaging of patient samples.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oetjen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thorek, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.26.534306</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interpretable spatial cell learning enhances the characterization of patient tissue microenvironments with highly multiplexed imaging data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.28.534561v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Endothelial cells are a key target of IFN-g during response to combined PD-1/CTLA-4 ICB treatment in a mouse model of bladder cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.28.534561v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To explore mechanisms of response to combined PD-1/CTLA-4 immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) treatment in individual cell types, we generated scRNA-seq using a mouse model of invasive urothelial carcinoma with three conditions: untreated tumor, treated tumor, and tumor treated after CD4+ T cell depletion. After classifying tumor cells based on detection of somatic variants and assigning non-tumor cell types using SingleR, we performed differential expression analysis, overrepresentation analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) within each cell type. GSEA revealed that endothelial cells were enriched for upregulated IFN-g response genes when comparing treated cells to both untreated cells and cells treated after CD4+ T cell depletion. Functional analysis showed that knocking out IFNgR1 in endothelial cells inhibited treatment response. Together, these results indicated that IFN-g signaling in endothelial cells is a key mediator of ICB induced anti-tumor activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Freshour, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, T. H.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisk, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mosior, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skidmore, Z. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fronick, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolzenius, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffith, O. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arora, V. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffith, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.28.534561</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Endothelial cells are a key target of IFN-g during response to combined PD-1/CTLA-4 ICB treatment in a mouse model of bladder cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.30.534835v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enhanced selectivity of transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation by multielectrode configuration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.30.534835v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveTranscutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) has been gaining momentum as a non-invasive rehabilitation approach to restore movement to paralyzed muscles after spinal cord injury (SCI). However, its low selectivity limits the types of movements that can be enabled and, thus, its potential applications in rehabilitation.

ApproachIn this cross-over study design, we investigated whether muscle recruitment selectivity of individual muscles could be enhanced by multielectrode configurations of tSCS in 16 neurologically intact individuals. We hypothesized that due to the segmental innervation of lower limb muscles, we could identify muscle-specific optimal stimulation locations that would enable improved recruitment selectivity over conventional tSCS. We elicited leg muscle responses by delivering biphasic pulses of electrical stimulation to the lumbosacral enlargement using conventional and multielectrode tSCS.

ResultsAnalysis of recruitment curve responses confirmed that multielectrode configurations could improve the rostrocaudal and lateral selectivity of tSCS. To investigate whether motor responses elicited by spatially selective tSCS were mediated by posterior root-muscle reflexes, each stimulation event was a paired pulse with a conditioning-test interval of 33.3 ms. Muscle responses to the second stimulation pulse were significantly suppressed, a characteristic of post-activation depression suggesting that spatially selective tSCS recruits proprioceptive fibers that reflexively activate muscle-specific motor neurons in the spinal cord. Moreover, the combination of leg muscle recruitment probability and segmental innervation maps revealed a stereotypical spinal activation map in congruence with each electrodes position.

SignificanceImprovements in muscle recruitment selectivity could be essential for the effective translation into stimulation protocols that selectively enhance single-joint movements in neurorehabilitation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bryson, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lombardi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawthorn, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fei, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keesey, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peiffer, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seanez, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.30.534835</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enhanced selectivity of transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation by multielectrode configuration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.31.534820v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bradykinin receptor expression and bradykinin-mediated sensitization of human sensory neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.31.534820v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bradykinin is a peptide implicated in inflammatory pain in both humans and rodents. In rodent sensory neurons, activation of B1 and B2 bradykinin receptors induces neuronal hyperexcitability. Recent evidence suggests that human and rodent dorsal root ganglia (DRG), which contain the cell bodies of sensory neurons, differ in the expression and function of key GPCRs and ion channels; whether BK receptor expression and function are conserved across species has not been studied in depth. In this study, we used human DRG tissue from organ donors to provide a detailed characterization of bradykinin receptor expression and bradykinin-induced changes in the excitability of human sensory neurons. We found that B2 and, to a lesser extent, B1 receptors are expressed by human DRG neurons and satellite glial cells. B2 receptors were enriched in the nociceptor subpopulation. Using patch-clamp electrophysiology, we found that acute bradykinin increases the excitability of human sensory neurons, while prolonged exposure to bradykinin decreases neuronal excitability in a subpopulation of human DRG neurons. Finally, our analyses suggest that donors history of chronic pain and age may be predictors of higher B1 receptor expression in human DRG neurons. Together, these results indicate that acute BK-induced hyperexcitability, first identified in rodents, is conserved in humans and provide further evidence supporting BK signaling as a potential therapeutic target for treating pain in humans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertels, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Del Rosario, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Widman, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slivicki, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payne, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Susser, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Copits, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gereau, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.31.534820</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bradykinin receptor expression and bradykinin-mediated sensitization of human sensory neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.03.535331v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Experimentally induced active and quiet sleep engage non-overlapping transcriptomes in Drosophila 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.03.535331v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sleep in mammals can be broadly classified into two different physiological categories: rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and slow wave sleep (SWS), and accordingly REM and SWS are thought to achieve a different set of functions. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is increasingly being used as a model to understand sleep functions, although it remains unclear if the fly brain also engages in different kinds of sleep as well. Here, we compare two commonly used approaches for studying sleep experimentally in Drosophila: optogenetic activation of sleep-promoting neurons and provision of a sleep-promoting drug, Gaboxadol. We find that these different sleep-induction methods have similar effects on increasing sleep duration, but divergent effects on brain activity. Transcriptomic analysis reveals that drug-induced deep sleep ( quiet sleep) mostly downregulates metabolism genes, whereas optogenetic  active sleep upregulates a wide range of genes relevant to normal waking functions. This suggests that optogenetics and pharmacological induction of sleep in Drosophila promote different features of sleep, which engage different sets of genes to achieve their respective functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Anthoney, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tainton-Heap, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Notaras, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perry, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batterham, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaw, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Swinderen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.03.535331</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Experimentally induced active and quiet sleep engage non-overlapping transcriptomes in Drosophila]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.03.535354v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeting the TCA cycle can ameliorate widespread axonal energy deficiency in neuroinflammatory lesions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.03.535354v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) can impair the function of neuronal mitochondria and contributes to axon degeneration in the common neuroinflammatory disease multiple sclerosis (MS). Here we combine cell type-specific mitochondrial proteomics with in vivo biosensor imaging to dissect how inflammation alters the molecular composition and functional capacity of neuronal mitochondria. We show that neuroinflammatory lesions in the mouse spinal cord cause widespread and persisting axonal ATP deficiency, which precedes mitochondrial oxidation and calcium overload. This axonal energy deficiency is associated with impaired electron transport chain function, but also an upstream imbalance of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes, with several, including key rate-limiting, enzymes being depleted in neuronal mitochondria in experimental models and in MS lesions. Notably, viral overexpression of individual TCA enzymes can ameliorate the axonal energy deficits in neuroinflammatory lesions, suggesting that TCA cycle dysfunction in MS may be amendable to therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tai, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engels, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Locatelli, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fecher, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Theodorou, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Licht-Mayer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kreutzfeldt, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emmanouilidis, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gkotzamani, S.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trovo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kendirli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aljovic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breckwoldt, M. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naumann, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bareyre, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahad, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merkler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lichtenthaler, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerschensteiner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Misgeld, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.03.535354</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeting the TCA cycle can ameliorate widespread axonal energy deficiency in neuroinflammatory lesions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.03.535451v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human gut bacteria tailor extracellular vesicle cargo for the breakdown of diet- and host-derived glycans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.03.535451v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are produced in all three domains of life, and their biogenesis have common ancient origins in eukaryotes and archaea. Although bacterial vesicles were discovered several decades ago and multiple roles have been attributed to them, no mechanism has been established for vesicles biogenesis in bacteria. For this reason, there is a significant level of skepticism about the biological relevance of bacterial vesicles. In Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Bt), a prominent member of the human intestinal microbiota, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have been proposed to play key physiological roles. By employing outer membrane- and OMV-specific markers fused to fluorescent proteins we visualized OMV biogenesis in live-cells. We performed comparative proteomic analyses to demonstrate that Bt actively tailors its vesicle cargo to optimize the breakdown of diet- and host-derived complex glycans. Surprisingly, our data suggests that OMV are not employed for mucin degradation. We also show that, in Bt, a negatively-charged N-terminal motif acts as a signal for protein sorting into OMVs irrespective of the nutrient availability. We conclude that OMVs are the result of an exquisitely orchestrated mechanism. This work lays the foundation for further investigations into the physiological relevance of OMVs and their roles in gut homeostasis. Furthermore, our work constitutes a roadmap to guide EV biogenesis research in other bacteria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sartorio, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pardue, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feldman, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.03.535451</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human gut bacteria tailor extracellular vesicle cargo for the breakdown of diet- and host-derived glycans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.03.534558v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Acute kidney injury-induced circulating TNFR1/2 elevations correlate with persistent kidney injury and progression to fibrosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.03.534558v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundElevated levels of circulating Tumor-Necrosis-Factor-Receptors 1 and 2 (cTNFR1/2) predict CKD progression. Whether acute kidney injury drives cTNFR1/2 elevations and whether they predict disease outcomes after AKI remains unknown.

MethodsWe used AKI patient serum and urine samples, mouse models of kidney injury (ischemic, obstructive, toxic) and progression to fibrosis, nephrectomy, and related single cell RNA-sequencing datasets.

ResultsWe show that TNFR1/2 serum and urine levels are highly elevated in all mouse models of kidney injury tested, beginning within one-hour post-injury, and correlate with its severity. Consistent with this, serum and urine TNFR1/2 levels are increased in AKI patients and correlate with severity of kidney failure. Interestingly, the extracellular vesicle (EV)-bound forms of cTNFR1/2 correlate with renal function better than their soluble forms. TNF neutralization does not affect early cTNFR1/2 elevations, suggesting that cTNFR1/2 levels do not reflect injury-induced TNF activity. Kidney tissue expression of TNFR1/2 after AKI is only mildly increased and bilateral nephrectomies lead to strong cTNFR1/2 elevations, suggesting release of these receptors by extrarenal sources. cTNFR1/2 remain elevated for weeks after severe kidney injury and at these later timepoints cTNFR1/2 correlate to remaining kidney injury. During AKI-to-CKD transition, kidney expression of TNFR1/2 and cTNFR2 levels, correlate with development of fibrosis.

ConclusionsOur data demonstrate that AKI drives acute increases in cTNFR1/2 serum levels which negatively correlate with kidney function, in particular their EV-bound forms. Sustained TNFR1/2 elevations after kidney injury during AKI-to-CKD transition correlate with persistent tissue injury and progression to kidney fibrosis.

Significance StatementCirculating TNF-Receptor-1 and -2 (cTNFR1/2) elevations predict chronic kidney disease progression. It remains unknown whether kidney injury can drive cTNFR1/2 elevations, whether cTNFR1/2 levels predict disease outcomes after AKI, and which are their circulating molecular forms. This study shows that kidney injury strongly increases cTNFR1/2 levels and that their extracellular vesicle-bound forms better correlate with kidney function loss, compared to their soluble forms. Sustained cTNFR1/2 elevations correlate to remaining kidney injury, and cTNFR1/2 levels post injury predict progression to kidney fibrosis. This work, thus, points to novel mechanisms for the observed cTNFR1/2 elevations in kidney disease and identifies unique predictive and diagnostic value in cTNFR1/2 elevations in AKI or AKI-to-CKD transition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arthanarisami, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Komaru, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katsouridi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schumacher, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verges, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ning, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdelmageed, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herrlich, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kefaloyianni, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.03.534558</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Acute kidney injury-induced circulating TNFR1/2 elevations correlate with persistent kidney injury and progression to fibrosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.03.535476v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of overlapping and distinct mural cell populations during early embryonic development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.03.535476v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mural cells are an essential perivascular cell population that associate with blood vessels and contribute to vascular stabilization and tone. In the embryonic zebrafish vasculature, pdgfrb and tagln are commonly used as markers for identifying pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs). However, the expression patterns of these markers used in tandem have not been fully described. Here, we used the Tg(pdgfrb:Gal4FF; UAS:RFP) and Tg(tagln:NLS-EGFP) transgenic lines to identify single- and double-positive perivascular populations in the cranial, axial, and intersegmental vessels between 1 and 5 days post-fertilization. From this comparative analysis, we discovered two novel regions of tagln-positive cell populations that have the potential to function as mural cell precursors. Specifically, we found that the hypochord-- a reportedly transient structure--contributes to tagln-positive cells along the dorsal aorta. We also identified a unique sclerotome-derived mural cell progenitor population that resides along the midline between the neural tube and notochord and contributes to intersegmental vessel mural cell coverage. Together, our findings highlight the variability and versatility of tracking pdgfrb and tagln expression in mural cells of the developing zebrafish embryo.

Summary StatementDetailed analysis of pdgfrb/tagln vascular expression patterns in embryonic zebrafish reveals novel regions of tagln-positive populations such as the hypochord and a mural cell progenitor population adjacent to the midline.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Colijn, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nambara, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stratman, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.03.535476</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of overlapping and distinct mural cell populations during early embryonic development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.04.535568v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Aberrant centrosome biogenesis disrupts nephron progenitor cell renewal and fate resulting in fibrocystic kidney disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.04.535568v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mutations that disrupt centrosome structure or function cause congenital kidney developmental defects and fibrocystic pathologies. Yet, it remains unclear how mutations in proteins essential for centrosome biogenesis impact embryonic kidney development. Here, we examined the consequences of conditional deletion of a ciliopathy gene, Cep120, in the two nephron progenitor niches of the embryonic kidney. Cep120 loss led to reduced abundance of both metanephric mesenchyme and ureteric bud progenitor populations. This was due to a combination of delayed mitosis, increased apoptosis, and premature differentiation of progenitor cells. These defects resulted in dysplastic kidneys at birth, which rapidly formed cysts, displayed increased interstitial fibrosis, and decline in filtration function. RNA sequencing of embryonic and postnatal kidneys from Cep120-null mice identified changes in pathways essential for branching morphogenesis, cystogenesis and fibrosis. Our study defines the cellular and developmental defects caused by centrosome dysfunction during kidney development, and identifies new therapeutic targets for renal centrosomopathies.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=190 SRC="FIGDIR/small/535568v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@198c93forg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1c4750dorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@e0c829org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@17512c3_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG HighlightsDefective centrosome biogenesis in nephron progenitors causes:

O_LIReduced abundance of metanephric mesenchyme and premature differentiation into tubular structures
C_LIO_LIAbnormal branching morphogenesis leading to reduced nephron endowment and smaller kidneys
C_LIO_LIChanges in cell-autonomous and paracrine signaling that drive cystogenesis and fibrosis
C_LIO_LIUnique cellular and developmental defects when compared to Pkd1 knockout models
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cheng, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agwu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shim, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahjoub, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.04.535568</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Aberrant centrosome biogenesis disrupts nephron progenitor cell renewal and fate resulting in fibrocystic kidney disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.03.535491v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Untangling the mechanisms of pulmonary hypertension-induced right ventricular stiffening in a large animal model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.03.535491v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundPulmonary arterial hypertension (PHT) is a devastating disease with low survival rates. In PHT, chronic pressure overload leads to right ventricle (RV) remodeling and stiffening; thus, impeding diastolic filling and ventricular function. Multiple mechanisms contribute to RV stiffening, including wall thickening, microstructural disorganization, and myocardial stiffening. The relative importance of each mechanism is unclear. Our objective is to use a large animal model as well as imaging, experimental, and computational approaches to untangle these mechanisms.

MethodsWe induced PHT in eight sheep via pulmonary artery banding. After eight weeks, the hearts underwent anatomic and diffusion tensor MRI to characterize wall thickening and microstructural disorganization. Additionally, myocardial samples underwent histological and gene expression analyses to quantify compositional changes and mechanical testing to quantify myocardial stiffening. All findings were compared to 12 control animals. Finally, we used computational modeling to disentangle the relative importance of each stiffening mechanism.

ResultsFirst, we found that the RVs of PHT animals thickened most at the base and the free wall. Additionally, we found that PHT induced excessive collagen synthesis and microstructural disorganization, consistent with increased expression of fibrotic genes. We also found that the myocardium itself stiffened significantly. Importantly, myocardial stiffening correlated significantly with excess collagen synthesis. Finally, our model of normalized RV pressure-volume relationships predicted that myocardial stiffness contributes to RV stiffening significantly more than other mechanisms.

ConclusionsIn summary, we found that PHT induces wall thickening, microstructural disorganization, and myocardial stiffening. These remodeling mechanisms were both spatially and directionally dependent. Using modeling, we show that myocardial stiffness is the primary contributor to RV stiffening. Thus, myocardial stiffening may be an important predictor for PHT progression. Given the significant correlation between myocardial stiffness and collagen synthesis, collagen-sensitive imaging modalities may be useful for non-invasively estimating myocardial stiffness and predicting PHT outcomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kakaletsis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malinowski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathur, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugerman, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luci, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snider, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jazwiec, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bersi, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Timek, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rausch, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.03.535491</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Untangling the mechanisms of pulmonary hypertension-induced right ventricular stiffening in a large animal model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.04.535583v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Impaired centrosome biogenesis in kidney stromal progenitors reduces abundance of interstitial lineages and accelerates injury-induced fibrosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.04.535583v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Defective centrosome function can disrupt embryonic kidney development, by causing changes to the renal interstitium that leads to fibrocystic disease pathologies. Yet, it remains unknown how mutations in centrosome genes impact kidney interstitial cells. Here, we examined the consequences of defective centrosome biogenesis on stromal progenitor cell growth, differentiation and fate. Conditional deletion of Cep120, a ciliopathy gene essential for centrosome duplication, in the stromal mesenchyme resulted in reduced abundance of pericytes, interstitial fibroblasts and mesangial cells. This was due to delayed mitosis, increased apoptosis, and changes in Wnt and Hedgehog signaling essential for differentiation of stromal lineages. Cep120 ablation resulted in hypoplastic kidneys with medullary atrophy and delayed nephron maturation. Finally, centrosome loss in the interstitium sensitized kidneys of adult mice, causing rapid fibrosis via enhanced TGF-{beta}/Smad3-Gli2 signaling after renal injury. Our study defines the cellular and developmental defects caused by centrosome dysfunction in embryonic kidney stroma.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=139 SRC="FIGDIR/small/535583v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@a3b059org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@8ed18corg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@5f573borg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1581c20_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG HighlightsO_LIDefective centrosome biogenesis in kidney stroma causes:
C_LIO_LIReduced abundance of stromal progenitors, interstitial and mesangial cell populations
C_LIO_LIDefects in cell-autonomous and paracrine signaling
C_LIO_LIAbnormal/delayed nephrogenesis and tubular dilations
C_LIO_LIAccelerates injury-induced fibrosis via defective TGF-{beta}/Smad3-Gli2 signaling axis
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Langner, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kefaloyianni, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gluck, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahjoub, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.04.535583</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Impaired centrosome biogenesis in kidney stromal progenitors reduces abundance of interstitial lineages and accelerates injury-induced fibrosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.06.535902v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sequence-encoded grammars determine material properties and physical aging of protein condensates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.06.535902v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biomolecular condensates are viscoelastic materials. Here, we report results from investigations into molecular-scale determinants of sequence-encoded and age-dependent viscoelasticity of condensates formed by prion-like low-complexity domains (PLCDs). The terminally viscous forms of PLCD condensates are Maxwell fluids. Measured viscoelastic moduli of these condensates are reproducible using a Rouse-Zimm model that accounts for the network-like organization engendered by reversible physical crosslinks among PLCDs in the dense phase. Measurements and computations show that the strengths of aromatic inter-sticker interactions determine the sequence-specific amplitudes of elastic and viscous moduli as well as the timescales over which elastic properties dominate. PLCD condensates also undergo physical aging on sequence-specific timescales. This is driven by mutations to spacer residues that weaken the metastability of terminally viscous phases. The aging of PLCD condensates is accompanied by disorder-to-order transitions, leading to the formation of non-fibrillar, beta-sheet-containing, semi-crystalline, terminally elastic, Kelvin-Voigt solids. Our results suggest that sequence grammars, which refer to the identities of stickers versus spacers in PLCDs, have evolved to afford control over the metastabilities of terminally viscous fluid phases of condensates. This selection can, in some cases, render barriers for conversion from metastable fluids to globally stable solids to be insurmountable on functionally relevant timescales.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alshareedah, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borcherds, W. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farag, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bremer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mittag, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.06.535902</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sequence-encoded grammars determine material properties and physical aging of protein condensates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.10.536282v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hormonal coordination of peripheral motor output and corollary discharge in a communication system 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.10.536282v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Steroid hormones remodel neural networks to induce developmental or seasonal changes in animal behavior, but little is known about hormonal modulation of sensorimotor integration. Here, we investigate hormonal effects on a predictive motor signal, termed corollary discharge, that modulates sensory processing in weakly electric mormyrid fish. In the electrosensory pathway mediating communication behavior, inhibition activated by a corollary discharge precisely blocks sensory responses to self-generated electric pulses, allowing the downstream circuit to selectively analyze communication signals from nearby fish. These electric pulses are elongated by increasing testosterone levels in males during the breeding season. Using systematic testosterone treatment, we induced electric-pulse elongation in fish and found that the timing of electroreceptor spiking responses to self-generated pulses (reafference) was delayed as electric pulse duration increased. Recording evoked potentials from a midbrain electrosensory nucleus revealed that the timing of corollary discharge inhibition was delayed and elongated by testosterone. Further, this shift in corollary discharge timing was precisely matched to the shift in timing of the reafferent spikes. We then asked whether the shift in inhibition timing was caused by direct action of testosterone on the corollary discharge circuit or plasticity of the circuit through altered sensory feedback. We surgically silenced the electric organs of fish and found similar hormonal modulation of corollary discharge timing between intact and silent fish, suggesting that sensory feedback was not required for this shift. These results demonstrate that testosterone directly and independently modulates peripheral motor output and a predictive motor signal in a coordinated manner.

SignificanceSelf-other discrimination is essential for animals. Internal predictive motor signals, or corollary discharge, provide motor information to sensory areas so that animals can perceive self- and other-generated stimuli differently. As behavior and associated sensory feedback change with development, corollary discharge must adjust accordingly. Using weakly electric mormyrid fish, we show that the steroid hormone testosterone alters electric signaling behavior and the resulting sensory feedback, as well as the timing of corollary discharge, to precisely match the altered sensory feedback. We also found that the altered sensory feedback itself is not necessary to drive this corollary discharge modulation. Our findings demonstrate that testosterone directly and independently regulates peripheral motor output and corollary discharge in a coordinated manner.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fukutomi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlson, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.10.536282</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hormonal coordination of peripheral motor output and corollary discharge in a communication system]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.10.536258v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transitions in density, pressure, and effective temperature drive collective cell migration into confining environments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.10.536258v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Epithelial cell collectives migrate through tissue interfaces and crevices to orchestrate processes of development, tumor invasion, and wound healing. Naturally, traversal of cell collective through confining environments involves crowding due to the narrowing space, which seems tenuous given the conventional inverse relationship between cell density and migration. However, physical transitions required to overcome such epithelial densification for migration across confinements remain unclear. Here, in contiguous microchannels, we show that epithelial (MCF10A) monolayers accumulate higher cell density before entering narrower channels; however, overexpression of breast cancer oncogene +ErbB2 reduced this need for density accumulation across confinement. While wildtype MCF10A cells migrated faster in narrow channels, this confinement sensitivity reduced after +ErbB2 mutation or with constitutively-active RhoA. The migrating collective developed pressure differentials upon encountering microchannels, like fluid flow into narrowing spaces, and this pressure dropped with their continued migration. These transitions of pressure and density altered cell shapes and increased effective temperature, estimated by treating cells as granular thermodynamic system. While +RhoA cells and those in confined regions were effectively warmer, cancer-like +ErbB2 cells remained cooler. Epithelial reinforcement by metformin treatment increased density and temperature differentials across confinement, indicating that higher cell cohesion could reduce unjamming. Our results provide experimental evidence for previously proposed theories of inverse relationship between density and motility-related effective temperature. Indeed, we show across cell lines that confinement increases pressure and effective temperature, which enable migration by reducing density. This physical interpretation of collective cell migration as granular matter could advance our understanding of complex living systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, W.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pathak, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.10.536258</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transitions in density, pressure, and effective temperature drive collective cell migration into confining environments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.11.536348v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An in vitro model for vitamin A transport across the human blood-brain barrier 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.11.536348v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Vitamin A, supplied by the diet, is critical for brain health, but little is known about its delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Brain microvascular endothelial-like cells (BMECs) differentiated from human-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) form a tight barrier that recapitulates many of the properties of the human BBB. We paired iPSC-derived BMECs with recombinant vitamin A serum transport proteins, retinol binding protein (RBP) and transthyretin (TTR), to create an in vitro model for the study of vitamin A (retinol) delivery across the human BBB. iPSC-derived BMECs display a strong barrier phenotype, express key vitamin A metabolism markers and can be used for quantitative modeling of retinol accumulation and permeation. Manipulation of retinol, RBP and TTR concentrations, and the use of mutant RBP and TTR, yielded novel insights into the patterns of retinol accumulation in, and permeation across, the BBB. The results described herein provide a platform for deeper exploration of the regulatory mechanisms of retinol trafficking to the human brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Est, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.11.536348</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An in vitro model for vitamin A transport across the human blood-brain barrier]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.11.536422v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
acorn: an R package for de novo variant analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.11.536422v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe study of de novo variation is important for assessing biological characteristics of new variation and for studies related to human phenotypes. Software programs exist to call de novo variants and programs also exist to test the burden of these variants in genomic regions; however, I am unaware of a program that fits in between these two aspects of de novo variant assessment. This intermediate space is important for assessing the quality of de novo variants and to understand the characteristics of the callsets. For this reason, I developed the R package acorn.

Resultsacorn is an R package that examines various features of de novo variants including subsetting the data by individual(s), variant type, or genomic region; calculating features including variant change counts, variant lengths, and presence/absence at CpG sites; and characteristics of parental age in relation to de novo variant counts.

Conclusionsacorn is an R package that fills a critical gap in assessing de novo variants and will be of benefit to many investigators studying de novo variation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Turner, T. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.11.536422</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[acorn: an R package for de novo variant analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.12.536477v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Motor-targeted spinal stimulation promotes concurrent rebalancing of pathologic nociceptive transmission in chronic spinal cord injury 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.12.536477v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Electrical stimulation of spinal networks below a spinal cord injury (SCI) is a promising approach to restore functions compromised by inadequate excitatory neural drive. The most translationally successful examples are paradigms intended to increase neural transmission in weakened yet spared motor pathways and spinal motor networks rendered dormant after being severed from their inputs by lesion. Less well understood is whether spinal stimulation is also capable of reducing neural transmission in pathways made pathologically overactive by SCI. Debilitating spasms, spasticity, and neuropathic pain are all common manifestations of hyperexcitable spinal responses to sensory feedback. But whereas spasms and spasticity can often be managed pharmacologically, SCI-related neuropathic pain is notoriously medically refractory. Interestingly, however, spinal stimulation is a clinically available option for ameliorating neuropathic pain arising from etiologies other than SCI, and it has traditionally been assumed to modulate sensorimotor networks overlapping with those engaged by spinal stimulation for motor rehabilitation. Thus, we reasoned that spinal stimulation intended to increase transmission in motor pathways may simultaneously reduce transmission in spinal pain pathways. Using a well-validated pre-clinical model of SCI that results in severe bilateral motor impairments and SCI-related neuropathic pain, we show that the responsiveness of neurons integral to the development and persistence of the neuropathic pain state can be enduringly reduced by motor-targeted spinal stimulation while preserving spinal responses to non-pain-related sensory feedback. These results suggest that spinal stimulation paradigms could be intentionally designed to afford multi-modal therapeutic benefits, directly addressing the diverse, intersectional rehabilitation goals of people living with SCI.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bandres, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomes, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McPherson, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.12.536477</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Motor-targeted spinal stimulation promotes concurrent rebalancing of pathologic nociceptive transmission in chronic spinal cord injury]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.12.536631v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Severe Central Nervous System Demyelination in Sanfilippo Disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.12.536631v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurodegeneration and chronic progressive neuroinflammation are well-documented in neurological lysosomal storage diseases, including Sanfilippo disease or mucopolysaccharidosis III (MPS III). Since chronic neuroinflammation has been linked to white matter tract pathology and defects in axonal transmission, we analysed axonal myelination and white matter density in the mouse model of MPS IIIC and human post-mortem brain samples from MPS IIIA, C, and D patients. Analyses of corpus callosum (CC) and spinal cord tissues by immunohistochemistry revealed substantially reduced levels of myelin-associated proteins including Myelin Basic Protein, Myelin Associated Glycoprotein, and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein. Furthermore, ultrastructural analyses revealed disruption of myelin sheath organization and reduced myelin thickness in the brains of MPS IIIC mice and human MPS IIIC patients compared to healthy controls. Oligodendrocytes (OLs) in the CC of MPS IIIC mice were scarce, while examination of the remaining cells revealed numerous enlarged lysosomes containing heparan sulfate, GM3 ganglioside or "zebra bodies" consistent with accumulation of lipids and myelin fragments. In addition, OLs contained swollen mitochondria with largely dissolved cristae, resembling those previously identified in the dysfunctional neurons of MPS IIIC mice. When brains of 7-month-old MPS IIIC mice were analysed by ex-vivo Diffusion Basis Spectrum Imaging to assess microarchitectural changes in the corpus callosum, we found compelling signs of demyelination (26% increase in radial diffusivity) and tissue loss (76% increase in hindered diffusivity). Our findings demonstrate an import role for white matter injury in the pathophysiology of MPS III. Moreover, this study reveals specific parameters and brain regions for MRI analysis, a crucial non-invasive method to evaluate disease progression and therapeutic response in neurological lysosomal storage diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Taherzadeh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Londono, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, S.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morales, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lodygensky, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pshezhetsky, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.12.536631</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Severe Central Nervous System Demyelination in Sanfilippo Disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.11.536476v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Kir7.1 is the physiological target for hormones and steroids that regulate uteroplacental function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.11.536476v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Preterm birth is a multifactorial syndrome that is detrimental to the well-being of both the mother and the newborn. During normal gestation, the myometrium is maintained in a quiescent state by the action of progesterone. As a steroid hormone, progesterone is thought to modify uterine and placental morphology by altering gene expression, but a nongenomic mode of action has long been suspected. Here we reveal that progesterone activates both human and murine inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir7.1, which is expressed in mammalian myometrial smooth muscle and placental pericytes during late gestation. Kir7.1 is also activated by compounds used to prevent premature labor, including the progestogens 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate and dydrogesterone, revealing an unexpected mode of action for these drugs. Our results reveal that Kir7.1 is the molecular target of a number of endogenous and synthetic steroids that control uterine excitability and placental function, and is therefore a promising therapeutic target to control utero-placental physiology and support healthy pregnancy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Haoui, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vergara, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lishko, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.11.536476</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Kir7.1 is the physiological target for hormones and steroids that regulate uteroplacental function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.13.536753v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Volatile profiling distinguishes Streptococcus pyogenes from other respiratory streptococcal species 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.13.536753v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sore throat is one of the most common complaints encountered in the ambulatory clinical setting. Rapid, culture-independent diagnostic techniques that do not rely on pharyngeal swabs would be highly valuable as a point-of-care strategy to guide outpatient antibiotic treatment. Despite the promise of this approach, efforts to detect volatiles during oropharyngeal infection have yet been limited. In our research study, we sought to evaluate for specific bacterial volatile organic compounds (VOC) biomarkers in isolated cultures in vitro, in order to establish proof-of-concept prior to initial clinical studies of breath biomarkers. A particular challenge for diagnosis of pharyngitis due to Streptococcus pyogenes is the likelihood that many metabolites may be shared by S. pyogenes and other related oropharyngeal colonizing bacterial species. Therefore, we evaluated whether sufficient metabolic differences are present that distinguish the volatile metabolome of Group A streptococci from other streptococcal species that also colonize the respiratory mucosa, such as S. pneumoniae and S. intermedius. In this work, we identify candidate biomarkers that distinguish S. pyogenes from other species, and establish highly produced VOCs that indicate presence of S. pyogenes in vitro, supporting future breath-based diagnostic testing for streptococcal pharyngitis.

IMPORTANCEAcute pharyngitis accounts for approximately 15 million ambulatory care visits in the USA. The most common and important bacterial cause of pharyngitis is Streptococcus pyogenesis, accounting for 15% to 30% of pediatric pharyngitis. Distinguishing between bacterial and viral pharyngitis is key to management in US practice. Culture of a specimen obtained by throat swab is the standard laboratory procedure for the microbiologic confirmation of pharyngitis, however this method is time consuming which delays appropriate treatment. If left untreated, S. pyogenes pharyngitis may lead to local and distant complications. In this study, we characterized the volatile metabolomes of S. pyogenes and other related oropharyngeal colonizing bacterial species. We identify candidate biomarkers that distinguish S. pyogenes from other species and provides evidence to support future breath-based diagnostic testing for streptococcal pharyngitis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Berna, A. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merriman, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mellet, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parchment, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caparon, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Odom John, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.13.536753</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Volatile profiling distinguishes Streptococcus pyogenes from other respiratory streptococcal species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.14.536865v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NEURAL BASIS OF SOUND-SYMBOLIC PSEUDOWORD-SHAPE CORRESPONDENCES 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.14.536865v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Non-arbitrary mapping between the sound of a word and its meaning, termed sound symbolism, is commonly studied through crossmodal correspondences between sounds and visual shapes, e.g., auditory pseudowords, like  mohloh and  kehteh, are matched to rounded and pointed visual shapes, respectively. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a crossmodal matching task to investigate the hypotheses that sound symbolism (1) involves language processing; (2) depends on multisensory integration; (3) reflects embodiment of speech in hand movements. These hypotheses lead to corresponding neuroanatomical predictions of crossmodal congruency effects in (1) the language network; (2) areas mediating multisensory processing, including visual and auditory cortex; (3) regions responsible for sensorimotor control of the hand and mouth. Right-handed participants (n = 22) encountered audiovisual stimuli comprising a simultaneously presented visual shape (rounded or pointed) and an auditory pseudoword ( mohloh or  kehteh) and indicated via a right-hand keypress whether the stimuli matched or not. Reaction times were faster for congruent than incongruent stimuli. Univariate analysis showed that activity was greater for the congruent compared to the incongruent condition in the left primary and association auditory cortex, and left anterior fusiform/parahippocampal gyri. Multivoxel pattern analysis revealed higher classification accuracy for the audiovisual stimuli when congruent than when incongruent, in the pars opercularis of the left inferior frontal (Brocas area), the left supramarginal, and the right mid-occipital gyri. These findings, considered in relation to the neuroanatomical predictions, support the first two hypotheses and suggest that sound symbolism involves both language processing and multisensory integration.

HIGHLIGHTSO_LIfMRI investigation of sound-symbolic correspondences between auditory pseudowords and visual shapes
C_LIO_LIFaster reaction times for congruent than incongruent audiovisual stimuli
C_LIO_LIGreater activation in auditory and visual cortices for congruent stimuli
C_LIO_LIHigher classification accuracy for congruent stimuli in language and visual areas
C_LIO_LISound symbolism involves language processing and multisensory integration
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barany, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lacey, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matthews, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nygaard, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sathian, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.14.536865</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NEURAL BASIS OF SOUND-SYMBOLIC PSEUDOWORD-SHAPE CORRESPONDENCES]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.15.537036v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gardnerella vaginolysin potentiates glycan molecular mimicry by Neisseria gonorrhoeae 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.15.537036v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a condition of the vaginal microbiome in which there are lower levels of "healthy" Lactobacillus species and an outgrowth of diverse anaerobic bacteria. BV is associated with increased risk of infection by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae - the causative agent of gonorrhea. Here we test if one known facet of BV - the presence of bacterial cytolysins - leads to the mobilization of specific intracellular contents that aid in gonococcal virulence. We cloned and expressed recombinant vaginolysin (VLY), a cytolysin produced by the BV-associated bacterium Gardnerella, verifying that it liberates the contents of red blood cells and cervical epithelial (HeLa) cells while vector control preparations made in parallel did not. We tested if VLY mediates a well-known virulence mechanism of gonococcus - the molecular mimicry of host glycans. To evade host immunity, N. gonorrhoeae caps its surface lipooligosaccharide (LOS) with 2-3-linked sialic acid. To do this, gonococci must scavenge an intermediate metabolite made and used inside host cells. Flow-cytometry based lectin-binding assays showed that, compared to controls, gonococci exposed to vaginolysin-liberated contents of HeLa cells displayed greater sialic acid capping of their LOS. This higher level of bacterial sialylation was accompanied by increased binding of the complement regulatory protein Factor H, and greater resistance to complement attack. Together these results suggest that cytolytic activities present during BV may enhance the ability of N. gonorrhoeae to capture intracellular metabolites and evade host immunity via glycan molecular mimicry.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Morrill, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varki, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, W. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ram, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.15.537036</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gardnerella vaginolysin potentiates glycan molecular mimicry by Neisseria gonorrhoeae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.14.536951v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
All-in-one AAV-delivered epigenome-editing platform: proof-of-concept and therapeutic implications for neurodegenerative disorders 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.14.536951v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Safely and efficiently controlling gene expression is a long-standing goal of biomedical research, and the recently discovered bacterial CRISPR/Cas system can be harnessed to create powerful tools for epigenetic editing. Current state-of-the-art systems consist of a deactivated-Cas9 nuclease (dCas9) fused to one of several epigenetic effector motifs/domains, along with a guide RNA (gRNA) which defines the genomic target. Such systems have been used to safely and effectively silence or activate a specific gene target under a variety of circumstances. Adeno-associated vectors (AAVs) are the therapeutic platform of choice for the delivery of genetic cargo; however, their small packaging capacity is not suitable for delivery of large constructs, which includes most CRISPR/dCas9-effector systems. To circumvent this, many AAV-based CRISPR/Cas tools are delivered in two pieces, from two separate viral cassettes. However, this approach requires higher viral payloads and usually is less efficient. Here we develop a compact dCas9-based repressor system packaged within a single, optimized AAV vector. The system uses a smaller dCas9 variant derived from Staphylococcus aureus (Sa). A novel repressor was engineered by fusing the small transcription repression domain (TRD) from MeCP2 with the KRAB repression domain. The final dSaCas9-KRAB-MeCP2(TRD) construct can be efficiently packaged, along with its associated gRNA, into AAV particles. Using reporter assays, we demonstrate that the platform is capable of robustly and sustainably repressing the expression of multiple genes-of-interest, both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we successfully reduced the expression of ApoE, the stronger genetic risk factor for late onset Alzheimers disease (LOAD). This new platform will broaden the CRISPR/dCas9 toolset available for transcriptional manipulation of gene expression in research and therapeutic settings.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kantor, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Odonovan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rittiner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindner, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicholls, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiba-Falek, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.14.536951</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[All-in-one AAV-delivered epigenome-editing platform: proof-of-concept and therapeutic implications for neurodegenerative disorders]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.17.537215v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Resistance to abemaciclib is associated with increased metastatic potential and lysosomal protein deregulation in breast cancer cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.17.537215v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cyclin dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) such as abemaciclib are routinely used to treat metastatic estrogen receptor positive (ER+)/HER2-negative breast cancer. However, adaptive mechanisms inhibit their effectiveness and allow for disease progression. Using murine metastatic ER+ breast cancer cells, we show that acquired resistance to abemaciclib is accompanied by increase in metastatic potential. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics from abemaciclib sensitive and resistant cells showed that lysosomal proteins including CTSD (cathepsin D), CTSA (cathepsin A) and CD68 were significantly increased in resistant cells. Combination of abemaciclib and a lysosomal destabilizer, such as hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) or bafilomycin A1, re-sensitized resistant cells to abemaciclib. Also, combination of abemaciclib and HCQ decreased migration and invasive potential and increased lysosomal membrane permeability (LMP) in resistant cells. Pro-survival BCL2 protein levels were elevated in resistant cells, and a triple treatment with abemaciclib, HCQ, and BCL2 inhibitor, venetoclax, significantly inhibited cell growth compared to treatment with abemaciclib and HCQ. Furthermore, resistant cells showed increased levels of TFEB (Transcription Factor EB), a master regulator of lysosomal-autophagy genes, and siRNA mediated knockdown of TFEB decreased invasion in resistant cells. TFEB gene was found to be mutated in a subset of invasive human breast cancer samples, and overall survival analysis in ER+, lymph node-positive breast cancer showed that increased TFEB expression correlated with decreased survival. Collectively, we show that prolonged exposure to abemaciclib in ER+ breast cancer cells leads to resistance accompanied by an aggressive phenotype that is partly supported by deregulated lysosomal function.

Implications: Our data implicate that resistance to abemaciclib is associated with deregulation of lysosomes and augmented metastatic potential, and therefore, the lysosomal pathway could be a therapeutic target in advanced ER+ breast cancer.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=164 SRC="FIGDIR/small/537215v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sheidemann, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demas, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weilbaecher, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shajahan-Haq, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.17.537215</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Resistance to abemaciclib is associated with increased metastatic potential and lysosomal protein deregulation in breast cancer cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.17.537241v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptome Complexity Disentangled: A Regulatory Elements Approach 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.17.537241v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractTranscription factors (TFs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are fundamental regulators of gene expression, cell state, and biological processes. This study investigated whether a small subset of TFs and miRNAs could accurately predict genome-wide gene expression. We analyzed 8895 samples across 31 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas and identified 28 miRNA and 28 TF clusters using unsupervised learning. Medoids of these clusters could differentiate tissues of origin with 92.8% accuracy, demonstrating their biological relevance. We developed Tissue-Agnostic and Tissue-Aware models to predict 20,000 gene expressions using the 56 selected medoid miRNAs and TFs. The Tissue- Aware model attained an R2 of 0.70 by incorporating tissue-specific information. Despite measuring only 1/400th of the transcriptome, the prediction accuracy was comparable to that achieved by the 1000 landmark genes. This suggests the transcriptome has an intrinsically low-dimensional structure that can be captured by a few regulatory molecules. Our approach could enable cheaper transcriptome assays and analysis of low-quality samples. It also provides insights into genes that are heavily regulated by miRNAs/TFs versus alternative mechanisms. However, model transportability was impacted by dataset discrepancies, especially in miRNA distribution. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of a biology-guided approach for robust transcriptome representation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Asiaee, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abrams, Z. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coombes, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.17.537241</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptome Complexity Disentangled: A Regulatory Elements Approach]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.19.537239v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
How host-like signals drive gene expression and gene expression drives capsule expansion in Cryptococcus neoformans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.19.537239v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen with a polysaccharide capsule that becomes greatly enlarged in the mammalian host and during in vitro growth under host-like conditions. To understand how individual environmental signals affect capsule size and gene expression, we grew cells in all combinations of five signals implicated in capsule size and systematically measured cell and capsule sizes. We also sampled these cultures over time and performed RNA-Seq in quadruplicate, yielding 881 RNA-Seq samples. Analysis of the resulting data sets showed that capsule induction in tissue culture medium, typically used to represent host-like conditions, requires the presence of either CO2 or exogenous cyclic AMP (cAMP). Surprisingly, adding either of these pushes overall gene expression in the opposite direction from tissue culture media alone, even though both are required for capsule development. Another unexpected finding was that rich medium blocks capsule growth completely. Statistical analysis further revealed many genes whose expression is associated with capsule thickness; deletion of one of these significantly reduced capsule size. Beyond illuminating capsule induction, our massive, uniformly collected dataset will be a significant resource for the research community.

IMPORTANCECryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic yeast that kills [~]150,000 people each year. This major impact on human health makes it imperative to understand the basic biology of C. neoformans and the factors that mediate its virulence. One key virulence factor is a polysaccharide capsule that expands greatly during infection. To help define capsule synthesis and fungal biology, we provided cells with many different combinations of host-like signals and sampled the cultures over time for transcriptional analysis. The resulting time resolved data set is by far the largest gene expression resource ever produced for C. neoformans (881 RNA-seq samples), further enriched by accompanying capsule images and measurements. It revealed surprising findings, including that rich medium suppresses capsule size regardless of other signals. This landmark data resource will be enormously valuable to the research community as it continues to define the relationships between environmental signals and cryptococcal gene expression, biology, and virulence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jung, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, Y. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mateusiak, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doering, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brent, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.19.537239</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[How host-like signals drive gene expression and gene expression drives capsule expansion in Cryptococcus neoformans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.19.537435v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BayFlux: A Bayesian method to quantify metabolic Fluxes and their uncertainty at the genome scale 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.19.537435v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metabolic fluxes, the number of metabolites traversing each biochemical reaction in a cell per unit time, are crucial for assessing and understanding cell function. 13C Metabolic Flux Analysis (13C MFA) is considered to be the gold standard for measuring metabolic fluxes. 13C MFA typically works by leveraging extracellular exchange fluxes as well as data from 13C labeling experiments to calculate the flux profile which best fit the data for a small, central carbon, metabolic model. However, the nonlinear nature of the 13C MFA fitting procedure means that several flux profiles fit the experimental data within the experimental error, and traditional optimization methods offer only a partial or skewed picture, especially in "non-gaussian" situations where multiple very distinct flux regions fit the data equally well. Here, we present a method for flux space sampling through Bayesian inference (BayFlux), that identifies the full distribution of fluxes compatible with experimental data for a comprehensive genome-scale model. This Bayesian approach allows us to accurately quantify uncertainty in calculated fluxes. We also find that, surprisingly, the genome-scale model of metabolism produces narrower flux distributions (reduced uncertainty) than the small core metabolic models traditionally used in 13C MFA. The different results for some reactions when using genome-scale models vs core metabolic models advise caution in assuming strong inferences from 13C MFA since the results may depend significantly on the completeness of the model used. Based on BayFlux, we developed and evaluated novel methods (P-13C MOMA and ROOM) to predict the biological results of a gene knockout, that improve on the traditional MOMA and ROOM methods. We provide an open source Python implementation of BayFlux at https://github.com/JBEI/bayflux.

Author summary13C MFA practitioners know that modeling results can be sensitive to minor modifications of the metabolic model. Certain parts of the metabolic model that are not well mapped to a molecular mechanism (e.g. drains to biomass or ATP maintenance) can have an inordinate impact on the final fluxes. The only way to ascertain the validity of the model is by checking that the result does not significantly differ from previously observed flux profiles. However, that approach diminishes the possibility of discovering truly novel flux profiles. Because of this strong dependence on metabolic model details, it would be very useful to have a systematic and repeatable way to produce these metabolic models. And indeed there is one: genome-scale metabolic models can be systematically obtained from genomic sequences, and represent all the known genomically encoded metabolic information. However, these models are much larger than the traditionally used central carbon metabolism models. Hence, the number of degrees of freedom of the model (fluxes) significantly exceeds the number of measurements (metabolite labeling profiles and exchange fluxes). As a result, one expects many flux profiles compatible with the experimental data. The best way to represent these is by identifying all fluxes compatible with the experimental data. Our novel method BayFlux, based on Bayesian inference and Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling, provides this capability. Interestingly, this approach leads to the observation that traditional optimization approaches can significantly overestimate flux uncertainty, and that genome-scale models of metabolism produce narrower flux distributions than the small core metabolic models that are traditionally used in 13C MFA. Furthermore, we show that the extra information provided by this approach allows us to improve knockout predictions, compared to traditional methods. Although the method scales well with more reactions, improvements will be needed to tackle the large metabolic models found in microbiomes and human metabolism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Backman, T. W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schenk, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radivojevic, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ando, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Czajka, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costello, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keasling, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akhmatskaya, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia Martin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.19.537435</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BayFlux: A Bayesian method to quantify metabolic Fluxes and their uncertainty at the genome scale]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.23.537984v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unbiased discovery of natural sequence variants that influence fungal virulence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.23.537984v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans, a fungal pathogen that kills over 120,000 people each year, differ from a 19-megabase reference genome at a few thousand up to almost a million DNA sequence positions. We used bulked segregant analysis and association analysis, genetic methods that require no prior knowledge of sequence function, to address the key question of which naturally occurring sequence variants influence fungal virulence. We identified a region containing such variants, prioritized them, and engineered strains to test our findings in a mouse model of infection. At one locus we identified a 4-nt variant in the PDE2 gene, which severely truncates its phosphodiesterase product and significantly alters virulence. Our studies demonstrate a powerful and unbiased strategy for identifying key genomic regions in the absence of prior information, suggest revisions to current assumptions about cAMP levels and about common laboratory strains, and provide significant sequence and strain resources to the community.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Agustinho, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, H. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brent, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doering, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.23.537984</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unbiased discovery of natural sequence variants that influence fungal virulence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.24.538157v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Conserved neural dynamics and computations across species in olfaction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.24.538157v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Interpreting chemical information and translating it into ethologically relevant output is a common challenge of olfactory systems across species. Are computations performed by olfactory circuits conserved across species to overcome these common challenges? To investigate this, we compared odor responses in the locust antennal lobe (AL) and mouse olfactory bulb (OB). We found that odors activated nearly mutually exclusive neural ensembles during stimulus presentation ( ON response) and after stimulus termination ( OFF response). Strikingly, ON and OFF responses evoked by a single odor were anticorrelated with each other.  Inverted OFF responses led to a history-dependent suppression of common ensemble elements, which enhanced contrast between odors experienced close together in time. Notably, odor-specific OFF responses persisted long after odor termination in both AL and OB networks. Taken together, our results reveal key neurodynamic features underlying olfactory computations that are conserved across insect and mammalian olfactory systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ling, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanson Moss, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kroeger, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reimer, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arenkiel, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.24.538157</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Conserved neural dynamics and computations across species in olfaction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.23.537947v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
IL-15 priming alters IFN-γ regulation in murine NK cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.23.537947v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Natural killer (NK) effector functions can be triggered by inflammatory cytokines and engagement of activating receptors. NK cell production of IFN-{gamma}, an important immunoregulatory cytokine, exhibits activation-specific IFN-{gamma} regulation. Resting murine NK cells exhibit activation-specific metabolic requirements for IFN-{gamma} production, which are reversed for activating receptor-mediated stimulation following IL-15 priming. While both cytokine and activating receptor stimulation leads to similar IFN-{gamma} protein production, only cytokine stimulation upregulates Ifng transcript, suggesting that protein production is translationally regulated after receptor stimulation. Based on these differences in IFN-{gamma} regulation, we hypothesized that ex vivo IL-15 priming of murine NK cells allows a switch to IFN-{gamma} transcription upon activating receptor engagement. Transcriptional analysis of primed NK cells compared to naive cells or cells cultured with low-dose IL-15 demonstrated that primed cells strongly upregulated Ifng transcript following activating receptor stimulation. This was not due to chromatin accessibility changes in the Ifng locus or changes in ITAM signaling, but was associated with a distinct transcriptional signature induced by ITAM stimulation of primed compared to naive NK cells. Transcriptional analyses identified a common signature of c-Myc (Myc) targets associated with Ifng transcription. While Myc marked NK cells capable of Ifng transcription, Myc itself was not required for Ifng transcription using a genetic model of Myc deletion. This work highlights altered regulatory networks in IL-15 primed cells, resulting in distinct gene expression patterns and IFN-{gamma} regulation in response to activating receptor stimulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cimpean, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keppel, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gainullina, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schedler, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swain, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolicheski, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shapiro, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Artyomov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.23.537947</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[IL-15 priming alters IFN-γ regulation in murine NK cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.25.537842v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
VODKA2: An accurate method to detect copy-back and deletion viral genomes from next-generation sequencing data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.25.537842v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During viral replication, viruses carrying an RNA genome produce non-standard viral genomes (nsVGs), including copy-back viral genomes (cbVGs) and deletion viral genomes (delVGs), that play a crucial role in regulating viral replication and pathogenesis. Because of their critical roles in determining the outcome of RNA virus infections, the study of nsVGs has flourished in recent years exposing a need for bioinformatic tools that can accurately identify them within Next-Generation Sequencing data obtained from infected samples. Here, we present our data analysis pipeline, Viral Opensource DVG Key Algorithm2 (VODKA2), that is optimized to run on a High Performance Computing (HPC) environment for fast and accurate detection of nsVGs from large data sets.

Availability and implementationVODKA2 is freely available at GitHub (https://github.com/lopezlab-washu/VODKA2)
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Achouri, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Felt, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hackbart, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.25.537842</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[VODKA2: An accurate method to detect copy-back and deletion viral genomes from next-generation sequencing data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.25.537979v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Annelid adult cell type diversity and their pluripotent cellular origins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.25.537979v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Annelids are a broadly distributed, highly diverse, economically and environmentally important group of animals. Most species can regenerate missing body parts, and many are able to reproduce asexually. Therefore, many annelids can generate all adult cell types in adult stages. However, the putative adult stem cell populations involved in these processes, as well as the diversity of adult cell types generated by them, are still unknown. Here, we recover 75,218 single cell transcriptomes of Pristina leidyi, a highly regenerative and asexually-reproducing freshwater annelid. We characterise all major annelid adult cell types, and validate many of our observations by HCR in situ hybridisation. Our results uncover complex patterns of regionally expressed genes in the annelid gut, as well as neuronal, muscle and epidermal specific genes. We also characterise annelid-specific cell types such as the chaetal sacs and globin+ cells, and novel cell types of enigmatic affinity, including a vigilin+ cell type, a lumbrokinase+ cell type, and a diverse set of metabolic cells. Moreover, we characterise transcription factors and gene networks that are expressed specifically in these populations. Finally, we uncover a broadly abundant cluster of putative stem cells with a pluripotent signature. This population expresses well-known stem cell markers such as vasa, piwi and nanos homologues, but also shows heterogeneous expression of differentiated cell markers and their transcription factors. In these piwi+ cells, we also find conserved expression of pluripotency regulators, including multiple chromatin remodelling and epigenetic factors. Finally, lineage reconstruction analyses reveal the existence of differentiation trajectories from piwi+ cells to diverse adult types. Our data reveal the cell type diversity of adult annelids for the first time and serve as a resource for studying annelid cell types and their evolution. On the other hand, our characterisation of a piwi+ cell population with a pluripotent stem cell signature will serve as a platform for the study of annelid stem cells and their role in regeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alvarez-Campos, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Castro, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emili, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez-Posada, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salamanca-Diaz, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mason, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metzger, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bely, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kenny, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Özpolat, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solana, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.25.537979</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Annelid adult cell type diversity and their pluripotent cellular origins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.04.539332v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A bivalent ChAd nasal vaccine protects against SARS-CoV-2 BQ.1.1 and XBB.1.5 infection and disease in mice and hamsters 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.04.539332v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We previously described a nasally delivered monovalent adenoviral-vectored SARS- CoV-2 vaccine (ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S, targeting Wuhan-1 spike [S]; iNCOVACC(R)) that is currently used in India as a primary or booster immunization. Here, we updated the mucosal vaccine for Omicron variants by creating ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-BA.5-S, which encodes for a pre- fusion and surface-stabilized S protein of the BA.5 strain, and then tested monovalent and bivalent vaccines for efficacy against circulating variants including BQ.1.1 and XBB.1.5. Whereas monovalent ChAd-vectored vaccines effectively induced systemic and mucosal antibody responses against matched strains, the bivalent ChAd-vectored vaccine elicited greater breadth. However, serum neutralizing antibody responses induced by both monovalent and bivalent vaccines were poor against the antigenically distant XBB.1.5 Omicron strain and did not protect in passive transfer experiments. Nonetheless, nasally delivered bivalent ChAd- vectored vaccines induced robust antibody and spike-specific memory T cell responses in the respiratory mucosa, and conferred protection against WA1/2020 D614G and Omicron variants BQ.1.1 and XBB.1.5 in the upper and lower respiratory tracts of both mice and hamsters. Our data suggest that a nasally delivered bivalent adenoviral-vectored vaccine induces protective mucosal and systemic immunity against historical and emerging SARS-CoV-2 strains without requiring high levels of serum neutralizing antibody.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ying, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darling, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desai, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dmitriev, I. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soudani, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bricker, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kashentseva, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harastani, H. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curiel, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boon, A. C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamond, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.04.539332</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A bivalent ChAd nasal vaccine protects against SARS-CoV-2 BQ.1.1 and XBB.1.5 infection and disease in mice and hamsters]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.04.539104v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effects of TP63 Mutations on Keratinocyte Adhesion and Migration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.04.539104v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The goal of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms responsible for the formation of skin erosions in patients affected by Ankyloblepharon-ectodermal defects-cleft lip/palate syndrome (AEC). This ectodermal dysplasia is caused by mutations in the TP63 gene, which encodes several transcription factors that control epidermal development and homeostasis. We generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from AEC patients and corrected the TP63 mutations using genome editing tools. Three pairs of the resulting conisogenic iPSC lines were differentiated into keratinocytes (iPSC-K). We identified a significant downregulation of key components of hemidesmosomes and focal adhesions in AEC iPSC-K compared to their gene-corrected counterparts. Further, we demonstrated reduced iPSC-K migration, suggesting the possibility that a process critical for cutaneous wound healing might be impaired in AEC patients. Next, we generated chimeric mice expressing a TP63-AEC transgene and confirmed a downregulation of these genes in transgene-expressing cells in vivo. Finally, we also observed these abnormalities in AEC patient skin. Our findings suggest that integrin defects in AEC patients might weaken the adhesion of keratinocytes to the basement membrane. We propose that reduced expression of extracellular matrix adhesion receptors, potentially in conjunction with previously identified desmosomal protein defects, contribute to skin erosions in AEC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Salois, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gugger, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Webb, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheldon, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parraga, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewitt, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grange, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koch, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koster, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.04.539104</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effects of TP63 Mutations on Keratinocyte Adhesion and Migration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.08.539824v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Direct prediction of intrinsically disordered protein conformational properties from sequence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.08.539824v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) are ubiquitous across all domains of life and play a range of functional roles. While folded domains are generally well-described by a single 3D structure, IDRs exist in a collection of interconverting states known as an ensemble. This structural heterogeneity means IDRs are largely absent from the PDB, contributing to a lack of computational approaches to predict ensemble conformational properties from sequence. Here we combine rational sequence design, large-scale molecular simulations, and deep learning to develop ALBATROSS, a deep learning model for predicting IDR ensemble dimensions from sequence. ALBATROSS enables the instantaneous prediction of ensemble average properties at proteome-wide scale. ALBATROSS is lightweight, easy-to-use, and accessible as both a locally installable software package and a point-and-click style interface in the cloud. We first demonstrate the applicability of our predictors by examining the generalizability of sequence-ensemble relationships in IDRs. Then, we leverage the high-throughput nature of ALBATROSS to characterize emergent biophysical behavior of IDRs within and between proteomes.

Update from previous versionO_LIThis preprint reports an updated version of the ALBATROSS network weights trained on simulations of over 42,000 sequences.
C_LIO_LIIn addition, we provide new colab notebooks that enable proteome-wide IDR prediction and annotation in minutes.
C_LIO_LIAll conclusions and observations made in versions 1 and 2 of this manuscript remain true and robust.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lotthammer, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ginell, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffith, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emenecker, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.08.539824</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Direct prediction of intrinsically disordered protein conformational properties from sequence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.08.539859v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Histone H3.3 lysine 9 and 27 control repressive chromatin states at cryptic cis-regulatory elements and bivalent promoters in mouse embryonic stem cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.08.539859v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Histone modifications are associated with distinct transcriptional states, but it is unclear whether they instruct gene expression. To investigate this, we mutated histone H3.3 K9 and K27 residues in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Here, we find that H3.3K9 is essential for controlling specific distal intergenic regions and for proper H3K27me3 deposition at promoters. The H3.3K9A mutation resulted in decreased H3K9me3 at regions encompassing endogenous retroviruses and induced a gain of H3K27ac and nascent transcription. These changes in the chromatin environment unleashed cryptic enhancers, resulting in the activation of distinctive transcriptional programs and culminating in protein expression normally restricted to specialized immune cell types. The H3.3K27A mutant disrupted deposition and spreading of the repressive H3K27me3 mark, particularly impacting bivalent genes with higher basal level of H3.3 at promoters. Therefore, H3.3K9 and K27 crucially orchestrate repressive chromatin states at cis-regulatory elements and bivalent promoters, respectively, and instruct proper transcription in mESCs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Trovato, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bunina, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yildiz, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marx, N. F.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uckelmann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levina, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kori, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janeva, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidovich, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaugg, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noh, K.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.08.539859</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Histone H3.3 lysine 9 and 27 control repressive chromatin states at cryptic cis-regulatory elements and bivalent promoters in mouse embryonic stem cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.09.540035v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TGFβ controls alveolar type 1 epithelial cell plasticity and alveolar matrisome gene transcription 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.09.540035v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Premature birth disrupts normal lung development and places infants at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a disease increasing in incidence which disrupts lung health throughout the lifespan. The TGF{beta} superfamily has been implicated in BPD pathogenesis, however, what cell lineage it impacts remains unclear. We show that Tgfbr2 is critical for AT1 cell fate maintenance and function. Loss of Tgfbr2 in AT1 cells during late lung development leads to AT1-AT2 cell reprogramming and altered pulmonary architecture, which persists into adulthood. Restriction of fetal lung stretch and associated AT1 cell spreading through a model of oligohydramnios enhances AT1-AT2 reprogramming.

Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis reveal the necessity of Tgfbr2 expression in AT1 cells for extracellular matrix production. Moreover, TGF{beta} signaling regulates integrin transcription to alter AT1 cell morphology, which further impacts ECM expression through changes in mechanotransduction. These data reveal the cell intrinsic necessity of TGF{beta} signaling in maintaining AT1 cell fate and reveal this cell lineage as a major orchestrator of the alveolar matrisome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Callaway, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penkala, I. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cardenas-Diaz, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Babu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morley, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopes, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morrisey, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.09.540035</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TGFβ controls alveolar type 1 epithelial cell plasticity and alveolar matrisome gene transcription]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.10.540158v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Foxj1 controls olfactory ciliogenesis and differentiation program of the olfactory sensory neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.10.540158v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In vertebrates, olfactory receptors localize on multiple cilia elaborated on dendritic knobs of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). Although olfactory cilia dysfunction can cause anosmia, how their differentiation is programmed at the transcriptional level has remained largely unexplored. We discovered in zebrafish and mice that Foxj1, a forkhead domain-containing transcription factor linked with motile cilia biogenesis, is expressed in OSNs and required for olfactory epithelium (OE) formation. In keeping with the immotile nature of olfactory cilia, we observed that ciliary motility genes are repressed in zebrafish, mouse, and human OSNs. Strikingly, we also found that besides ciliogenesis, Foxj1 controls the differentiation of the OSNs themselves by regulating their cell type-specific gene expression, such as that of olfactory marker protein (omp) involved in odor-evoked signal transduction. In line with this, response to bile acid, an odor detected by OMP-positive OSNs, was significantly diminished in foxj1 mutant zebrafish. Taken together, our findings establish how the canonical Foxj1-mediated motile ciliogenic transcriptional program has been repurposed for the biogenesis of immotile olfactory cilia and for development of the OSNs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rayamajhi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ege, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ukhanov, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ringers, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeong, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Gama, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cosacak, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kizil, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yaksi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martens, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brody, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jurisch-Yaksi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.10.540158</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Foxj1 controls olfactory ciliogenesis and differentiation program of the olfactory sensory neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.10.540073v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adaptation invariant concentration discrimination in an insect olfactory system 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.10.540073v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neural responses evoked by a stimulus reduce upon repetition. While this adaptation allows the sensory system to attend to novel cues, does information about the recurring stimulus, particularly its intensity, get compromised? We explored this issue in the locust olfactory system. We found that locusts innate behavioral response to odorants varied with repetition and stimulus intensity. Counter-intuitively, the stimulus-intensity dependent differences became significant only after adaptation had set in. Adaptation altered responses of individual neurons in the antennal lobe (neural network downstream to insect antenna). These response variations to repetitions of the same stimulus were unpredictable and inconsistent across intensities. Although both adaptation and intensity decrements resulted in an overall reduction in spiking activities across neurons, these changes could be disentangled, and information about stimulus intensity was robustly maintained by ensemble neural responses. In sum, these results show how information about odor intensity can be preserved in an adaptation-invariant manner.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ling, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saha, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.10.540073</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adaptation invariant concentration discrimination in an insect olfactory system]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.14.540707v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Carotenoid assembly regulates quinone diffusion and the Roseiflexus castenholzii reaction center-light harvesting complex architecture 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.14.540707v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Carotenoid (Car) pigments perform central roles in photosynthesis-related light harvesting (LH), photoprotection, and assembly of functional pigment-protein complexes. However, the relationships between Car depletion in the LH, assembly of the prokaryotic reaction center (RC)-LH complex, and quinone exchange are not fully understood. Here, we analyzed native RC-LH (nRC-LH) and Car-depleted RC-LH (dRC-LH) complexes in Roseiflexus castenholzii, a chlorosome-less filamentous anoxygenic phototroph that forms the deepest branch of photosynthetic bacteria. Newly identified exterior Cars functioned with the bacteriochlorophyll B800 to block the proposed quinone channel between LH{beta} subunits in the nRC-LH, forming a sealed LH ring that was disrupted by transmembrane helices from cytochrome c and subunit X to allow quinone shuttling. dRC-LH lacked subunit X, leading to an exposed LH ring with a larger opening, which together accelerated the quinone exchange rate. We also assigned amino acid sequences of subunit X and two hypothetical proteins Y and Z that functioned in forming the quinone channel and stabilizing the RC-LH interactions. This study reveals the structural basis by which Cars assembly regulates the architecture and quinone exchange of bacterial RC-LH complexes. These findings mark an important step forward in understanding the evolution and diversity of prokaryotic photosynthetic apparatus.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blankenship, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.14.540707</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Carotenoid assembly regulates quinone diffusion and the Roseiflexus castenholzii reaction center-light harvesting complex architecture]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.15.539977v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TREM2 limits necrotic core formation during atherogenesis by controlling macrophage survival and efferocytosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.15.539977v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease of the vascular wall driven by lipid accumulation and inflammation in the intimal layer of arteries [1], [2], and its main complications, myocardial infarction and stroke, are the leading cause of mortality worldwide [3]. Recent studies have identified Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), a lipid-sensing receptor regulating several key myeloid cell functions [4], as a highly expressed marker of macrophage foam cells in experimental and human atherosclerosis [5]. However, the function of TREM2 in the development of atherosclerosis is unknown. Here, we show that hematopoietic or global TREM2 deficiency increases necrotic core formation in early experimental atherosclerosis. We further demonstrate that TREM2 is essential for the efferocytosis capacities of macrophages, and to the survival of lipid-laden macrophages, altogether indicating a crucial role of TREM2 in maintaining the balance between foam cell death and their clearance in atherosclerotic lesions, thereby controlling plaque necrosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Piollet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porsch, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rizzo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kapser, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schulz, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiss, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlepckow, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morenas-Rodriguez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sen, M. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gropper, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roesch, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goederle, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hladik, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knapp, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colonna, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martini, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haass, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zernecke, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Binder, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cochain, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.15.539977</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TREM2 limits necrotic core formation during atherogenesis by controlling macrophage survival and efferocytosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.15.540843v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The transcription factor DksA exerts opposing effects on cell division depending on the presence of ppGpp 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.15.540843v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacterial cell size is a multifactorial trait that is influenced by variables including nutritional availability and the timing of cell division. Prior work revealed a negative correlation between the alarmone (p)ppGpp (ppGpp) and cell length in Escherichia coli, suggesting that ppGpp may promote assembly of the division machinery (divisome) and cytokinesis in this organism. To clarify this counterintuitive connection between a starvation induced stress response effector and cell proliferation, we undertook a systematic analysis of growth and division in E. coli cells defective in ppGpp synthesis and/or engineered to overproduce the alarmone. Our data indicate that ppGpp acts indirectly on divisome assembly through its role as a global mediator of transcription. Loss of either ppGpp (ppGpp0) or the ppGpp-associated transcription factor DksA led to increased average length, with ppGpp0 mutants also exhibiting a high frequency of extremely long filamentous cells. Using heat-sensitive division mutants and fluorescently labeled division proteins, we confirmed that ppGpp and DksA are cell division activators. We found that ppGpp and DksA regulate division through their effects on transcription, although the lack of known division genes or regulators in available transcriptomics data strongly suggests that this regulation is indirect. Surprisingly, we also found that DksA inhibits division in ppGpp0 cells, contrary to its role in a wild-type background. We propose that the ability of ppGpp to switch DksA from a division inhibitor to a division activator helps tune cell length across different concentrations of ppGpp.

ImportanceCell division is a key step in the bacterial lifecycle that must be appropriately regulated to ensure survival. This work identifies the alarmone ppGpp as a general regulator of cell division, extending our understanding of the role of ppGpp beyond a signal for starvation and other stress. Even in nutrient replete conditions, basal levels of ppGpp are essential for division to occur appropriately and for cell size to be maintained. This study establishes ppGpp as a "switch" that controls whether the transcription factor DksA behaves as a division activator or inhibitor. This unexpected finding enhances our understanding of the complex regulatory mechanisms employed by bacteria to coordinate division with diverse aspects of cell growth and stress response. Because division is an essential process, a better understanding the mechanisms governing assembly and activation of the division machinery could contribute to the development of novel therapeutics to treat bacterial infections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Anderson, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vadia, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKelvy, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levin, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.15.540843</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The transcription factor DksA exerts opposing effects on cell division depending on the presence of ppGpp]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.15.540806v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Defining distinct RNA-protein interactomes of SARS-CoV-2 genomic and subgenomic RNAs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.15.540806v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Host RNA binding proteins recognize viral RNA and play key roles in virus replication and antiviral defense mechanisms. SARS-CoV-2 generates a series of tiered subgenomic RNAs (sgRNAs), each encoding distinct viral protein(s) that regulate different aspects of viral replication. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate the successful isolation of SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA and three distinct sgRNAs (N, S, and ORF8) from a single population of infected cells and characterize their protein interactomes. Over 500 protein interactors (including 260 previously unknown) were identified as associated with one or more target RNA at either of two time points. These included protein interactors unique to a single RNA pool and others present in multiple pools, highlighting our ability to discriminate between distinct viral RNA interactomes despite high sequence similarity. The interactomes indicated viral associations with cell response pathways including regulation of cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granules and posttranscriptional gene silencing. We validated the significance of five protein interactors predicted to exhibit antiviral activity (APOBEC3F, TRIM71, PPP1CC, LIN28B, and MSI2) using siRNA knockdowns, with each knockdown yielding increases in viral production. This study describes new technology for studying SARS-CoV-2 and reveals a wealth of new viral RNA-associated host factors of potential functional significance to infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Whitworth, I. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knoener, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puray Chavez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halfmann, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romero, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baddouh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scalf, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawaoka, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kutluay, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sherer, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.15.540806</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Defining distinct RNA-protein interactomes of SARS-CoV-2 genomic and subgenomic RNAs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.16.541002v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Automated model building and protein identification in cryo-EM maps 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.16.541002v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Interpreting electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) maps with atomic models requires high levels of expertise and labour-intensive manual intervention. We present ModelAngelo, a machine-learning approach for automated atomic model building in cryo-EM maps. By combining information from the cryo-EM map with information from protein sequence and structure in a single graph neural network, ModelAngelo builds atomic models for proteins that are of similar quality as those generated by human experts. For nucleotides, ModelAngelo builds backbones with similar accuracy as humans. By using its predicted amino acid probabilities for each residue in hidden Markov model sequence searches, ModelAngelo outperforms human experts in the identification of proteins with unknown sequences. ModelAngelo will thus remove bottlenecks and increase objectivity in cryo-EM structure determination.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jamali, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kall, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kimanius, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheres, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.16.541002</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Automated model building and protein identification in cryo-EM maps]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.17.541074v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SRF-deficient astrocytes provide neuroprotection in mouse models of excitotoxicity and neurodegeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.17.541074v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Reactive astrogliosis is a common pathological hallmark of central nervous system (CNS) injury, infection, and neurodegeneration, where reactive astrocytes can be protective or detrimental to normal brain functions. Currently, the mechanisms regulating neuroprotective astrocytes and the extent of neuroprotection are poorly understood. Here, we report that conditional deletion of serum response factor (SRF) in adult astrocytes causes reactive-like hypertrophic astrocytes throughout the mouse brain. These SrfGFAP-ERCKO astrocytes do not affect neuron survival, synapse numbers, synaptic plasticity or learning and memory. However, the brains of Srf knockout mice exhibited neuroprotection against kainic-acid induced excitotoxic cell death. Relevant to human neurodegenerative diseases, SrfGFAP-ERCKO astrocytes abrogate nigral dopaminergic neuron death and reduce {beta}-amyloid plaques in mouse models of Parkinsons and Alzheimers disease, respectively. Taken together, these findings establish SRF as a key molecular switch for the generation of reactive astrocytes with neuroprotective functions that attenuate neuronal injury in the setting of neurodegenerative diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thumu, S. C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verma, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nandi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutmann, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jayaprakash, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nair, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clement, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marathe, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramanan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.17.541074</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SRF-deficient astrocytes provide neuroprotection in mouse models of excitotoxicity and neurodegeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.17.541120v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The mature N termini of Plasmodium effector proteins confer specificity of export 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.17.541120v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The intraerythrocytic malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum exports hundreds of proteins into the host red blood cell (RBC). Most are targeted to the ER by a stretch of hydrophobic amino acids and cleaved further downstream at a conserved motif called the Protein Export Element (PEXEL) by the ER protease plasmepsin V (PM V). The mature effectors then travel through the secretory pathway to the parasitophorous vacuole (PV) that surrounds the parasite. There, PEXEL proteins are somehow recognized as export-destined proteins, as opposed to PV- resident proteins, and are selectively translocated out into the RBC. The mature N terminus appears to be important for export. There is conflicting data on whether PM V cleavage is needed for proper export, or whether any means of generating the mature N terminus would suffice. We replaced the PEXEL-containing N-terminal sequence of an exported GFP reporter with a signal peptide sequence and showed that precise cleavage by signal peptidase, generating the proper mature N terminus, yields export competence. Expressing a construct with only the native ER targeting signal without the PM V cleavage site dramatically decreased the amount of a mature PEXEL reporter, indicating that the hydrophobic stretch lacks an efficient cleavage signal. Therefore, the PEXEL motif functions as a specialized signal cleavage site when appropriately located after an ER targeting sequence. Our data suggest that PM V cleavage and RBC export are two independent events for PEXEL proteins. We also tested and rejected the hypothesis that an alpha-helical mature N terminus is necessary for export.

ImportanceMalaria parasites export hundreds of proteins to the cytoplasm of the host red blood cells for their survival. A five amino acid sequence, called the PEXEL motif, is conserved among many exported proteins and is thought to be a signal for export. However, the motif is cleaved inside the endoplasmic reticulum of the parasite and mature proteins starting from the fourth PEXEL residue travel to the parasite periphery for export. We showed that the PEXEL motif is dispensable for export as long as identical mature proteins can be efficiently produced via alternative means in the ER. We also showed that the exported and non-exported proteins are differentiated at the parasite periphery based on their mature N termini, however, any discernible export signal within that region remained cryptic. Our study resolves a longstanding paradox in PEXEL protein trafficking.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hasan, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polino, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukherjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaupel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldberg, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.17.541120</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The mature N termini of Plasmodium effector proteins confer specificity of export]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.17.541157v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Copyback viral genomes trigger stress granule formation independent of the antiviral response to interfere with viral translation in acute and persistent infections 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.17.541157v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Antiviral responses are often accompanied by translation inhibition and formation of stress granules (SG) in infected cells. However, the triggers for these processes and their role during infection remain subjects of active investigation. Copy-back viral genomes (cbVGs) are the primary inducers of the Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling (MAVS) pathway and antiviral immunity during Sendai Virus (SeV) and Respiratory Syncytial virus (RSV) infections. The relationship between cbVGs and cellular stress during viral infections is unknown. Here we show that SG form during infections containing high levels of cbVGs, and not during infections with low levels of cbVGs. Moreover, using RNA fluorescent in situ hybridization to differentiate accumulation of standard viral genomes from cbVGs at a single-cell level during infection, we show that SG form exclusively in cells that accumulate high levels of cbVGs. PKR activation is increased during high cbVG infections and, as expected, PKR is necessary to induce virus-induced SG. However, SG form independent of MAVS signaling, demonstrating that cbVGs induce antiviral immunity and SG formation through two independent mechanisms. Furthermore, we show that translation inhibition and SG formation do not affect the overall expression of interferon and interferon stimulated genes during infection, making the stress response dispensable for antiviral immunity. Using live-cell imaging, we show that SG formation is highly dynamic and correlates with a drastic reduction of viral protein expression even in cells infected for several days. Through analysis of active protein translation at a single cell level, we show that infected cells that form SG show inhibition of protein translation. Together, our data reveal a new cbVG-driven mechanism of viral interference where cbVGs induce PKR-mediated translation inhibition and SG formation leading to a reduction in viral protein expression without altering overall antiviral immunity.

One Sentence SummarycbVGs trigger the cellular stress response independent of the antiviral response during RSV and parainfluenza virus infection leading to a reduction of virus protein expression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lopez, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez Aparicio, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hackbart, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manzoni, T. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.17.541157</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Copyback viral genomes trigger stress granule formation independent of the antiviral response to interfere with viral translation in acute and persistent infections]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.17.541174v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Improving bioplastic production by Rhodopseudomonas palustris TIE-1 using synthetic biology and metabolic engineering 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.17.541174v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
With the increasing demand for sustainably produced renewable resources, it is important to look towards microorganisms capable of producing bioproducts such as biofuels and bioplastics. Though many systems for bioproduct production are well documented and tested in model organisms, it is essential to look beyond to non-model organisms to expand the field and take advantage of metabolically versatile strains. This investigation centers on Rhodopseudomonas palustris TIE-1, a purple, non-sulfur autotrophic, and anaerobic bacterium capable of producing bioproducts that are comparable to their petroleum-based counterparts. To induce bioplastic overproduction, genes that might have a potential role in the PHB biosynthesis such as the regulator, phaR, and phaZ known for its ability to degrade PHB granules were deleted using markerless deletion. Mutants in pathways that might compete with polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production such as glycogen and nitrogen fixation previously created to increase n-butanol production by TIE-1 were also tested. In addition, a phage integration system was developed to insert RuBisCO (RuBisCO form I and II genes) driven by a constitutive promoter PaphII into TIE- 1 genome. Our results show that deletion of the phaR gene of the PHB pathway increases PHB productivity when TIE-1 was grown photoheterotrophically with butyrate and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl). Mutants unable to make glycogen or fix dinitrogen gas show an increase in PHB productivity under photoautotrophic growth conditions with hydrogen. In addition, the engineered TIE-1 overexpressing RuBisCO form I and form II produces significantly more polyhydroxybutyrate than the wild type under photoheterotrophy with butyrate and photoautotrophy with hydrogen. Inserting RuBisCO genes into TIE-1 genome is a more effective strategy than deleting competitive pathways to increase PHB production in TIE-1. The phage integration system developed for TIE-1 thus creates numerous opportunities for synthetic biology in TIE-1.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ranaivoarisoa, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rengasamy, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steele, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silberman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olabode, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bose, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.17.541174</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Improving bioplastic production by Rhodopseudomonas palustris TIE-1 using synthetic biology and metabolic engineering]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.17.541187v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The phototrophic bacteria Rhodomicrobium spp. are novel chassis for bioplastic production 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.17.541187v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a bio-based, biodegradable alternative to petroleum-based plastics. PHB production at industrial scales remains infeasible, in part due to insufficient yields and high costs. Addressing these challenges requires identifying novel biological chassis for PHB production and modifying known biological chassis to enhance production using sustainable, renewable inputs. Here, we take the former approach and present the first description of PHB production by two prosthecate photosynthetic purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB), Rhodomicrobium vannielii and Rhodomicrobium udaipurense. We show that both species produce PHB across photoheterotrophic, photoautotrophic, photoferrotrophic, and photoelectrotrophic growth conditions. Both species show the greatest PHB titers during photoheterotrophic growth on butyrate with dinitrogen gas as a nitrogen source (up to 44.08 mg/L), while photoelectrotrophic growth demonstrated the lowest titers (up to 0.13 mg/L). These titers are both greater (photoheterotrophy) and less (photoelectrotrophy) than those observed previously in a related PNSB, Rhodopseudomonas palustris TIE-1. On the other hand, we observe the highest electron yields during photoautotrophic growth with hydrogen gas or ferrous iron electron donors, and these electron yields were generally greater than those observed previously in TIE-1. These data suggest that non model organisms like Rhodomicrobium should be explored for sustainable PHB production and highlights utility in exploring novel biological chassis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Conners, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rengasamy, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bose, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.17.541187</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The phototrophic bacteria Rhodomicrobium spp. are novel chassis for bioplastic production]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.19.541320v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The structure of NAD+ consuming protein Acinetobacter baumannii TIR domain shows unique kinetics and conformations. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.19.541320v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Toll-like and Interleukin-1/18 receptor resistance (TIR) domain-containing proteins function as important signaling and immune regulatory molecules. TIR domain-containing proteins identified in eukaryotic and prokaryotic species also exhibit NAD+ hydrolase activity in select bacteria, plants, and mammalian cells. We report the crystal structure of the Acinetobacter baumannii TIR domain protein (AbTir-TIR) with confirmed NAD+ hydrolysis and map the conformational effects of its interaction with NAD+ using HDX-MS. NAD+ results in mild decreases in deuterium uptake at the dimeric interface. In addition, AbTir-TIR exhibits EX1 kinetics indicative of large cooperative conformational changes which are slowed down upon substrate binding. Additionally, we have developed label-free imaging using 2pFLIM which shows differences in bacteria expressing native and mutant NAD+ hydrolase-inactivated AbTir-TIREA protein. Our observations are consistent with substrate-induced conformational changes reported in other TIR model systems with NAD+ hydrolase activity. These studies provide further insight into bacterial TIR protein mechanisms and their varying roles in biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Klontz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Obi, J. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glendening, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carr, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsibouris, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buddula, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nallar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soares, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beckett, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Redzic, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eisenmesser, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palm, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scudder, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Obiorah, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Essuman, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milbrandt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diantonio, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ray, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snyder, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deredge, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snyder, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.19.541320</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The structure of NAD+ consuming protein Acinetobacter baumannii TIR domain shows unique kinetics and conformations.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.18.541242v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In utero pulse injection of isotopic amino acids quantifies protein turnover rates during murine fetal development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.18.541242v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein translational control is highly regulated step in the gene expression program during mammalian development that is critical for ensuring that the fetus develops correctly and that all of the necessary organs and tissues are formed and functional. Defects in protein expression during fetal development can lead to severe developmental abnormalities or premature death. Currently, quantitative techniques to monitor protein synthesis rates in a developing fetus (in utero) are limited. Here, we developed a novel in utero stable isotope labeling approach to quantify tissue-specific protein dynamics of the nascent proteome during mouse fetal development. Fetuses of pregnant C57BL/6J mice were injected with isotopically labeled lysine (Lys8) and arginine (Arg10) via the vitelline vein at various gestational days. After treatment, fetal organs/tissues including brain, liver, lung, and heart were harvested for sample preparation and proteomic analysis. We show that the mean incorporation rate for injected amino acids into all organs was 17.50 {+/-} 0.6%. By analyzing the nascent proteome, unique signatures of each tissue were identified by hierarchical clustering. In addition, the quantified proteome-wide turnover rates (kobs) were calculated between 3.81E-5 and 0.424 hour-1. We observed similar protein turnover profiles for analyzed organs (e.g., liver versus brain), however, their distributions of turnover rates vary significantly. The translational kinetic profiles of developing organs displayed differentially expressed protein pathways and synthesis rates which correlated with known physiological changes during mouse development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Baeza, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coons, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riley, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendoza, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peranteau, W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.18.541242</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In utero pulse injection of isotopic amino acids quantifies protein turnover rates during murine fetal development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.18.541254v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Latitudinal scaling of aggregation with abundance and its consequences for coexistence in species rich forests 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.18.541254v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The search for simple principles underlying the complex spatial structure and dynamics of plant communities is a long-standing challenge in ecology1-6. In particular, the relationship between the spatial distribution of plants and species coexistence is challenging to resolve in species-rich communities7-9. Analysing the spatial patterns of tree species in 21 large forest plots, we find that rare species tend to be more spatially aggregated than common species, and a latitudinal gradient in the strength of this negative correlations that increases from tropical to temperate forests. Our analysis suggests that latitudinal gradients in animal seed dispersal10 and mycorrhizal associations11,12,13 may jointly generate this intriguing pattern. To assess the consequences of negative aggregation-abundance correlations for species coexistence, we present here a framework to incorporate the observed spatial patterns into population models8 along with an analytical solution for the local extinction risk14 of species invading from low abundances in dependence of spatial structure, demographic parameters, and immigration. For example, the stabilizing effect of the observed spatial patterns reduced the local extinction risk of species when rare almost by a factor of two. Our approach opens up new avenues for integrating observed spatial patterns into mathematical theory, and our findings demonstrate that spatial patterns, such as species aggregation and segregation, can contribute substantially to coexistence in species-rich communities. This underscores the need to understand the interactions between multiple ecological processes and spatial patterns in greater detail.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wiegand, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kraft, N. J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourg, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brockelman, W. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chanthorn, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davies, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ediriweera, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunatilleke, C. V. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunatilleke, I. A. U. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howe, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kress, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lian, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McShea, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mi, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myers, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nathalang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orwig, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, I.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolf, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huth, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.18.541254</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Latitudinal scaling of aggregation with abundance and its consequences for coexistence in species rich forests]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.19.541505v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell analysis of innate spinal cord regeneration identifies intersecting modes of neuronal repair. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.19.541505v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adult zebrafish have an innate ability to recover from severe spinal cord injury. Here, we report a comprehensive single nuclear RNA sequencing atlas that spans 6 weeks of regeneration. We identify cooperative roles for adult neurogenesis and neuronal plasticity during spinal cord repair. Neurogenesis of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons restores the excitatory/inhibitory balance after injury. In addition, a transient population of injury-responsive neurons (iNeurons) show elevated plasticity between 1 and 3 weeks post-injury. We found iNeurons are injury-surviving neurons that acquire a neuroblast-like gene expression signature after injury. CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis showed iNeurons are required for functional recovery and employ vesicular trafficking as an essential mechanism that underlies neuronal plasticity. This study provides a comprehensive resource of the cells and mechanisms that direct spinal cord regeneration and establishes zebrafish as a model of plasticity-driven neural repair.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Muraleedharan Saraswathy, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mokalled, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.19.541505</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell analysis of innate spinal cord regeneration identifies intersecting modes of neuronal repair.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.19.541506v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Novel mechanism of MYC deregulation in Multiple Myeloma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.19.541506v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MYC deregulation occurs in 67% of multiple myeloma (MM) cases and associates with progression and worse prognosis in MM. Enhanced MYC expression is known to be driven by translocation or amplification events, but it only occurs in 40% of MM patients. Here, we describe a new mechanism of MYC regulation, whereby epigenetic regulation of MYC by increased accessibility of a cell-type specific enhancer leads to increased MYC expression. We found enhancer activity does not associate with enhancer hijacking events. We identified specific binding of c-MAF, IRF4, and SPIB transcription factors to the enhancer can activate MYC. In addition, we discovered focal amplification of this specific enhancer in approximately 4% of MM patients. Together, our findings define a new epigenetic mechanism of MYC deregulation in MM beyond known translocations or amplifications and point to the importance of non-coding regulatory elements and their associated transcription factor networks as drivers of MM progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rahmat, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clement, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alberge, J.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sklavenitis-Pistofidis, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kodgule, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fulco, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heilpern-Mallory, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nilsson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorfman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engreitz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Getz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinello, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghobrial, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.19.541506</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Novel mechanism of MYC deregulation in Multiple Myeloma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.20.541575v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
C-terminal cysteines of HRas control Erk signaling and 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) mediated inhibition of myoblast differentiation. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.20.541575v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
HRas is an important node that controls cellular signaling, proliferation, and differentiation. Mutants of HRas (e.g., the constitutively active HRas V12) can be oncogenic, and can also inhibit myoblast differentiation. The C-terminal cysteines of HRas (Cys181 and Cys184) serve as substrates for intra-cellular reversible palmitoylation and de-palmitoylation reactions, which control its subcellular distribution. The relationship between the C-terminal cysteines of HRas, its intracellular distribution, and its cellular activity has remained unclear. Understanding this relationship has important implications for targeting HRas in pathogenic states where it is activated. In this study, we show that a mutation in the C-terminal of HRas, C181S, is sufficient to cause increased levels of HRas V12 in the Golgi, decreased HRas V12-driven Akt and Erk signaling and reverse the ability of HRas V12 to inhibit myoblast differentiation. This demonstrates the importance of C-terminal cysteines in controlling HRas V12. It has been previously shown that Cys184 can also be irreversibly modified by an electrophilic prostaglandin lipid 15d-PGJ2. This lipid is released by senescent cells as a part of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). In this study, we show that 15d-PGJ2 is secreted by senescent myoblasts formed by treatment with Doxorubicin. We also show that 15d-PGJ2 causes decreased levels of HRas within Golgi, activates Erk signaling (but not Akt signaling), and inhibits differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts in an HRas Cys184-dependent fashion. Chemotherapeutics such as Doxorubicin drive senescence and loss of skeletal muscle homeostasis in cancer patients. This study suggests that targeting the senescence-derived synthesis of 15-PGJ2 might be a target to promote muscle homeostasis after chemotherapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pundlik, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahoo, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barik, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaysingh, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venkateshvaran, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Math, R. G. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramanathan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.20.541575</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[C-terminal cysteines of HRas control Erk signaling and 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) mediated inhibition of myoblast differentiation.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.22.541746v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HOIL1 regulates group 3 innate lymphoid cell numbers in the colon and protects against systemic dissemination, colonic ulceration, and lethality from Citrobacter rodentium infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.22.541746v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
HOIL1-deficient patients experience chronic intestinal inflammation and diarrhea as well as increased susceptibility to certain bacterial infections. HOIL1 is a component of the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) that regulates immune signaling pathways including NF-{kappa}B-activating pathways. We have shown previously that HOIL1 is essential for survival following Citrobacter rodentium gastrointestinal infection of mice, but the mechanism of protection by HOIL1 was not examined. C. rodentium is a murine model for human attaching and effacing (A/E) pathogens, enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, that cause diarrhea and food-borne illnesses, and lead to severe disease in children and immunocompromised individuals. In this study, we found that C. rodentium infection caused severe colitis and dissemination of C. rodentium to systemic organs in Hoil1-/-mice. HOIL1 was important in radiation-resistant cells and in the innate immune response to limit early replication of C. rodentium in the intestine, and to modulate induction of inflammatory cytokines. Using cell type-specific knock-out mice, we found that HOIL1 was dispensable in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC), but was required in CD11c- and lysozyme 2-expressing myeloid cells to prevent weight loss and systemic dissemination of C. rodentium. While HOIL1-deficiency did not affect populations of neutrophils or macrophages, dendritic cells and group 3 innate lymphoid cell (ILC3) numbers were reduced, resulting in a defect in IL-22 induction during C. rodentium infection. Understanding the role HOIL1 plays in limiting the pathogenesis of A/E lesion-forming bacteria will provide further insights into the innate immune response to gastrointestinal pathogens and inflammatory disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hartley, V. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qaqish, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wood, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Studnicka, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iwai, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacDuff, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.22.541746</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HOIL1 regulates group 3 innate lymphoid cell numbers in the colon and protects against systemic dissemination, colonic ulceration, and lethality from Citrobacter rodentium infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.22.541758v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Long-read genome assemblies for the study of chromosome expansion: Drosophila kikkawai Drosophila takahashii, Drosophila bipectinata, and Drosophila ananassae 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.22.541758v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Flow cytometry estimates of genome sizes among species of Drosophila show a 3-fold variation, ranging from [~]127 Mb in Drosophila mercatorum to [~]400 Mb in Drosophila cyrtoloma. However, the assembled portion of the Muller F Element (orthologous to the fourth chromosome in Drosophila melanogaster) shows a nearly 14-fold variation in size, ranging from [~]1.3 Mb to > 18 Mb. Here, we present chromosome-level long read genome assemblies for four Drosophila species with expanded F Elements ranging in size from 2.3 Mb to 20.5 Mb. Each Muller Element is present as a single scaffold in each assembly. These assemblies will enable new insights into the evolutionary causes and consequences of chromosome size expansion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Leung, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torosin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reed, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arrigo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elgin, S. C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellison, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.22.541758</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Long-read genome assemblies for the study of chromosome expansion: Drosophila kikkawai Drosophila takahashii, Drosophila bipectinata, and Drosophila ananassae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.23.540554v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GPR161 structure uncovers the redundant role of sterol-regulated ciliary cAMP signaling in the Hedgehog pathway 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.23.540554v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) GPR161 is enriched in primary cilia, where it plays a central role in suppressing Hedgehog signaling1. GPR161 mutations lead to developmental defects and cancers2,3,4. The fundamental basis of how GPR161 is activated, including potential endogenous activators and pathway-relevant signal transducers, remains unclear. To elucidate GPR161 function, we determined a cryogenic-electron microscopy structure of active GPR161 bound to the heterotrimeric G protein complex Gs. This structure revealed an extracellular loop 2 that occupies the canonical GPCR orthosteric ligand pocket. Furthermore, we identify a sterol that binds to a conserved extrahelical site adjacent to transmembrane helices 6 and 7 and stabilizes a GPR161 conformation required for Gs coupling. Mutations that prevent sterol binding to GPR161 suppress cAMP pathway activation. Surprisingly, these mutants retain the ability to suppress GLI2 transcription factor accumulation in cilia, a key function of ciliary GPR161 in Hedgehog pathway suppression. By contrast, a protein kinase A-binding site in the GPR161 C-terminus is critical in suppressing GLI2 ciliary accumulation. Our work highlights how unique structural features of GPR161 interface with the Hedgehog pathway and sets a foundation to understand the broader role of GPR161 function in other signaling pathways.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hoppe, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harrison, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwang, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karelina, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deshpande, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suomivuori, C.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palicharla, V. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berry, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tschaikner, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Regele, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Covey, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stefan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marks, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reiter, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dror, R. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evers, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukhopadhyay, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manglik, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.23.540554</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GPR161 structure uncovers the redundant role of sterol-regulated ciliary cAMP signaling in the Hedgehog pathway]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.24.542118v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Harmonization of CSF and imaging biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease biomarkers: need and practical applications for genetics studies and preclinicalclassification 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.24.542118v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
INTRODUCTIONIn Alzheimers disease (AD) research, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Amyloid beta (A{beta}), Tau and pTau are the most accepted and well validated biomarkers. Several methods and platforms exist to measure those biomarkers which leads to challenges in combining data across studies. Thus, there is a need to identify methods that harmonize and standardize these values.

METHODSWe used a Z-score based approach to harmonize CSF and amyloid imaging data from multiple cohorts and compared GWAS result using this method with currently accepted methods. We also used a generalized mixture modelling to calculate the threshold for biomarker-positivity.

RESULTSZ-scores method performed as well as meta-analysis and did not lead to any spurious results. Cutoffs calculated with this approach were found to be very similar to those reported previously.

DISCUSSIONThis approach can be applied to heterogeneous platforms and provides biomarker cut-offs consistent with the classical approaches without requiring any additional data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cruchaga, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Timsina, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ali, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Do, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sung, Y. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.24.542118</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Harmonization of CSF and imaging biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease biomarkers: need and practical applications for genetics studies and preclinicalclassification]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.24.542155v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Endogenous recapitulation of Alzheimers disease neuropathology through human 3D direct neuronal reprogramming 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.24.542155v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alzheimers disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects elderly individuals, and is characterized by hallmark neuronal pathologies including extracellular amyloid-{beta} (A{beta}) plaque deposition, intracellular tau tangles, and neuronal death. However, recapitulating these age-associated neuronal pathologies in patient-derived neurons has remained a significant challenge, especially for late-onset AD (LOAD), the most common form of the disorder. Here, we applied the high efficiency microRNA-mediated direct neuronal reprogramming of fibroblasts from AD patients to generate cortical neurons in three-dimensional (3D) Matrigel and self-assembled neuronal spheroids. Our findings indicate that neurons and spheroids reprogrammed from both autosomal dominant AD (ADAD) and LOAD patients exhibited AD-like phenotypes linked to neurons, including extracellular A{beta} deposition, dystrophic neurites with hyperphosphorylated, K63-ubiquitin-positive, seed-competent tau, and spontaneous neuronal death in culture. Moreover, treatment with {beta}- or {gamma}-secretase inhibitors in LOAD patient-derived neurons and spheroids before A{beta} deposit formation significantly lowered A{beta} deposition, as well as tauopathy and neurodegeneration. However, the same treatment after the cells already formed A{beta} deposits only had a mild effect. Additionally, inhibiting the synthesis of age-associated retrotransposable elements (RTEs) by treating LOAD neurons and spheroids with the reverse transcriptase inhibitor, lamivudine, alleviated AD neuropathology. Overall, our results demonstrate that direct neuronal reprogramming of AD patient fibroblasts in a 3D environment can capture age-related neuropathology and reflect the interplay between A{beta} accumulation, tau dysregulation, and neuronal death. Moreover, miRNA-based 3D neuronal conversion provides a human-relevant AD model that can be used to identify compounds that can potentially ameliorate AD-associated pathologies and neurodegeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwon, J.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cates, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karahan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sviben, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitzpatrick, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valdez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Houlden, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karch, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bateman, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sato, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mennerick, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamond, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanzi, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holtzman, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoo, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.24.542155</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Endogenous recapitulation of Alzheimers disease neuropathology through human 3D direct neuronal reprogramming]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.24.542198v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Oxaliplatin-induced cardiotoxicity in mice is connected to the changes in energy metabolism in the heart tissue 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.24.542198v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Oxaliplatin is a platinum-based alkylating chemotherapeutic agent used for cancer treatment. At high cumulative dosage, the negative effect of oxaliplatin on the heart becomes evident and is linked to a growing number of clinical reports. The aim of this study was to determine how chronic oxaliplatin treatment causes the changes in energy-related metabolic activity in the heart that leads to cardiotoxicity and heart damage in mice. C57BL/6 male mice were treated with a human equivalent dosage of intraperitoneal oxaliplatin (0 and 10 mg/kg) once a week for eight weeks. During the treatment, mice were followed for physiological parameters, ECG, histology and RNA sequencing of the heart. We identified that oxaliplatin induces strong changes in the heart and affects the hearts energy-related metabolic profile. Histological post-mortem evaluation identified focal myocardial necrosis infiltrated with a small number of associated neutrophils. Accumulated doses of oxaliplatin led to significant changes in gene expression related to energy related metabolic pathways including fatty acid (FA) oxidation, amino acid metabolism, glycolysis, electron transport chain, and NAD synthesis pathway. At high accumulative doses of oxaliplatin, the heart shifts its metabolism from FAs to glycolysis and increases lactate production. It also leads to strong overexpression of genes in NAD synthesis pathways such as Nmrk2. Changes in gene expression associated with energy metabolic pathways can be used to develop diagnostic methods to detect oxaliplatin-induced cardiotoxicity early on as well as therapy to compensate for the energy deficit in the heart to prevent heart damage.

Significance StatementThis study uncovers the detrimental impact of chronic oxaliplatin treatment on heart metabolism in mice, linking high accumulative dosages to cardiotoxicity and heart damage. By identifying significant changes in gene expression related to energy metabolic pathways, the findings pave the way for the development of diagnostic methods to detect oxaliplatin-induced cardiotoxicity at an early stage. Furthermore, these insights may inform the creation of therapies that compensate for the energy deficit in the heart, ultimately preventing heart damage and improving patient outcomes in cancer treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Du, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sudlow, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shahverdi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michie, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schindler, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berezin, M. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.24.542198</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Oxaliplatin-induced cardiotoxicity in mice is connected to the changes in energy metabolism in the heart tissue]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.25.542157v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microbiota produced indole metabolites disrupt host cell mitochondrial energy production and inhibit Cryptosporidium parvum growth 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.25.542157v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cryptosporidiosis is a leading cause of life-threatening diarrhea in young children in resource-poor settings. Susceptibility rapidly declines with age, associated with changes in the microbiota. To explore microbial influences on susceptibility, we screened 85 microbiota- associated metabolites enriched in the adult gut for their effects on C. parvum growth in vitro. We identified eight inhibitory metabolites in three main classes: secondary bile salts/acids, a vitamin B6 precursor, and indoles. Growth restriction of C. parvum by indoles did not depend on the host aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway. Instead, treatment impaired host mitochondrial function and reduced total cellular ATP, as well as directly reduced the membrane potential in the parasite mitosome, a degenerate mitochondria. Oral administration of indoles, or reconstitution of the gut microbiota with indole producing bacteria, delayed life cycle progression of the parasite in vitro and reduced severity of C. parvum infection in mice. Collectively, these findings indicate that microbiota metabolites contribute to colonization resistance to Cryptosporidium infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Funkhouser-Jones, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilke, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shriefer, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makimaa, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodgers, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>VanDussen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stappenbeck, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baldridge, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sibley, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.25.542157</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microbiota produced indole metabolites disrupt host cell mitochondrial energy production and inhibit Cryptosporidium parvum growth]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.26.542293v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Association of an estrogen-sensitive Pax1-Col11a1-Mmp3 signaling axis with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.26.542293v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a common and progressive spinal deformity in children that exhibits striking sexual dimorphism, with girls at more than five-fold greater risk of severe disease compared to boys. Despite its medical impact, the molecular mechanisms that drive AIS are largely unknown. We previously defined a female-specific AIS genetic risk locus in an enhancer near the PAX1 gene. Here we sought to define the roles of PAX1 and newly-identified AIS-associated genes in the developmental mechanism of AIS. In a genetic study of 10,519 individuals with AIS and 93,238 unaffected controls, significant association was identified with a variant in COL11A1 encoding collagen (1) XI (rs3753841; NM_080629.2_c.4004C>T; p.(Pro1335Leu); P=7.07e-11, OR=1.118). Using CRISPR mutagenesis we generated Pax1 knockout mice (Pax1-/-). In postnatal spines we found that PAX1 and collagen (1) XI protein both localize within the intervertebral disc (IVD)-vertebral junction region encompassing the growth plate, with less collagen (1) XI detected in Pax1-/- spines compared to wildtype. By genetic targeting we found that wildtype Col11a1 expression in costal chondrocytes suppresses expression of Pax1 and of Mmp3, encoding the matrix metalloproteinase 3 enzyme implicated in matrix remodeling. However, this suppression was abrogated in the presence of the AIS-associated COL11A1P1335L mutant. Further, we found that either knockdown of the estrogen receptor gene Esr2, or tamoxifen treatment, significantly altered Col11a1 and Mmp3 expression in chondrocytes. We propose a new molecular model of AIS pathogenesis wherein genetic variation and estrogen signaling increase disease susceptibility by altering a Pax1-Col11a1-Mmp3 signaling axis in spinal chondrocytes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wise, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khanshour, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ushiki, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Otomo, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koike, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Einarsdottir, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antunes, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kidane, Y. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pei, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grishin, N. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evers, B. M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheung, J. P. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herring, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Terao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, Y.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gurnett, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerdhem, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ikegawa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rios, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahituv, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.26.542293</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Association of an estrogen-sensitive Pax1-Col11a1-Mmp3 signaling axis with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.26.542451v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A new MAPK13-guided inhibitor for respiratory inflammation and mucus production 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.26.542451v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Common respiratory diseases continue to represent a major public health problem, and much of the morbidity and mortality is due to airway inflammation and mucus production. Previous studies indicated a role for mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14) in this type of disease, but clinical trials are unsuccessful to date. Our previous work identified a related but distinct kinase known as MAPK13 that is activated in respiratory airway diseases and is required for mucus production in human cell-culture models. Support for MAPK13 function in these models came from effectiveness of MAPK13 versus MAPK14 gene-knockdown and from first-generation MAPK13-14 inhibitors. However, these first-generation inhibitors were incompletely optimized for blocking activity and were untested in vivo. Here we report the next generation and selection of a potent MAPK13-14 inhibitor (designated NuP-3) that more effectively down-regulates type-2 cytokine-stimulated mucus production in air-liquid interface and organoid cultures of human airway epithelial cells. We also show that NuP-3 treatment prevents respiratory airway inflammation and mucus production in new minipig models of airway disease triggered by type-2 cytokine challenge or respiratory viral infection. The results thereby provide the next advance in developing a small-molecule kinase inhibitor to address key features of respiratory disease.

New and noteworthyThis study describes the discovery of a potent MAPK13-14 inhibitor and its effectiveness in models of respiratory airway disease. The findings thereby provide a scheme for pathogenesis and therapy of lung diseases (e.g., asthma, COPD, Covid-19, post-viral and allergic respiratory disease) and related conditions that implicate MAPK13-14 function. The findings also refine a hypothesis for epithelial and immune cell functions in respiratory disease that features MAPK13 as a possible component of this disease process.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Keeler, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iberg, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Austin, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glaser, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yantis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Podgorny, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brody, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chartock, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Byers, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romero, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holtzman, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.26.542451</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A new MAPK13-guided inhibitor for respiratory inflammation and mucus production]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.27.542568v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Symbiotic bacteria, immune-like sentinel cells, and the response to pathogens in a social amoeba 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.27.542568v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Some endosymbionts living within a host must modulate their hosts immune systems in order to infect and persist. We studied the effect of a bacterial endosymbiont on a facultatively multicellular social amoeba host. Aggregates of the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum contain a subpopulation of sentinel cells that function akin to the immune systems of more conventional multicellular organisms. Sentinel cells sequester and discard toxins from D. discoideum aggregates and may play a central role in defense against pathogens. We measured the number and functionality of sentinel cells in aggregates of D. discoideum infected by bacterial endosymbionts in the genus Paraburkholderia. Infected D. discoideum produced fewer and less functional sentinel cells, suggesting that Paraburkholderia may interfere with its hosts immune system. Despite impaired sentinel cells, however, infected D. discoideum were less sensitive to ethidium bromide toxicity, suggesting that Paraburkholderia may also have a protective effect on its host. By contrast, D. discoideum infected by Paraburkholderia did not show differences in their sensitivity to two non-symbiotic pathogens. Our results expand previous work on yet another aspect of the complicated relationship between D. discoideum and Paraburkholderia, which has considerable potential as a model for the study of symbiosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scott, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larsen, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brock, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uhm, S. Y. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Queller, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strassmann, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.27.542568</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Symbiotic bacteria, immune-like sentinel cells, and the response to pathogens in a social amoeba]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.27.542576v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pathogenic variants in CRX have distinct cis-regulatory effects on enhancers and silencers in photoreceptors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.27.542576v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dozens of variants in the photoreceptor-specific transcription factor (TF) CRX are linked with human blinding diseases that vary in their severity and age of onset. It is unclear how different variants in this single TF alter its function in ways that lead to a range of phenotypes. We examined the effects of human disease-causing variants on CRX cis-regulatory function by deploying massively parallel reporter assays (MPRAs) in live mouse retinas carrying knock-ins of two variants, one in the DNA binding domain (p.R90W) and the other in the transcriptional effector domain (p.E168d2). The degree of reporter gene dysregulation caused by the variants corresponds with their phenotypic severity. The two variants affect similar sets of enhancers, while p.E168d2 has stronger effects on silencers. Cis-regulatory elements (CREs) near cone photoreceptor genes are enriched for silencers that are de-repressed in the presence of p.E168d2. Chromatin environments of CRX-bound loci were partially predictive of episomal MPRA activity, and silencers were notably enriched among distal elements whose accessibility increases later in retinal development. We identified a set of potentially pleiotropic regulatory elements that convert from silencers to enhancers in retinas that lack a functional CRX effector domain. Our findings show that phenotypically distinct variants in different domains of CRX have partially overlapping effects on its cis-regulatory function, leading to misregulation of similar sets of enhancers, while having a qualitatively different impact on silencers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shepherdson, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedman, R. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, I. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Granas, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.27.542576</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pathogenic variants in CRX have distinct cis-regulatory effects on enhancers and silencers in photoreceptors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.26.542524v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bowel dysmotility and enteric neuron degeneration in lysosomal storage disease mice is prevented by gene therapy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.26.542524v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Background and aimsChildren with neurodegenerative disease often have debilitating gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms that may be due at least in part to underappreciated involvement of neurons in the enteric nervous system (ENS), the master regulator of bowel function.

MethodsWe investigated bowel motility in mouse models of CLN1 and CLN2 disease, neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorders caused by deficiencies in palmitoyl protein thioesterase-1 (PPT1) and tripeptidyl peptidase-1 (TPP1), respectively. We then explored the integrity of ENS anatomy in immunostained bowel wholemount preparations from these mice. Lastly, we administered adeno-associated viral gene therapy to neonatal mice and determined if this would prevent these newly identified bowel phenotypes.

ResultsMouse models of CLN1 and CLN2 disease both displayed slow bowel transit in vivo that worsened with age. Although the ENS appeared to develop normally, there was a progressive and profound loss of myenteric plexus neurons accompanied by changes in enteric glia in adult mice. Neonatal administration of adeno-associated virus-mediated gene therapy prevented bowel transit defects and the loss of many ENS neurons.

ConclusionsWe show that two neurodegenerative lysosomal storage diseases cause profound and progressive damage to the mouse enteric nervous system and impair bowel motility. We also provide proof-of-principle evidence that gene therapy can prevent enteric nervous system disease. This study may have general therapeutic implications for many inherited neurodegenerative disorders.

What you need to knowO_ST_ABSBackground and ContextC_ST_ABSMany pediatric central nervous system disorders also have debilitating gastrointestinal symptoms. For most of these diseases, it is not known if the enteric nervous system (ENS) is also affected and to what degree ENS defects contribute to GI symptoms. To date, no attempts have been made to directly treat or prevent enteric nervous system disease via gene therapy.

New FindingsThe enteric nervous system is severely affected in mouse models of CLN1 and CLN2 disease, profoundly neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorders. Bowel transit defects and most of the enteric nervous system pathology can be prevented by neonatal administration of gene therapy.

LimitationsInformation about enteric nervous system disease in human children is still lacking, and methods will need to be developed to treat the human bowel.

ImpactThese findings identify an underappreciated effect of neurodegenerative disease upon the bowel and demonstrate that enteric nervous system degeneration can be prevented in mice. This provides a new perspective on these childhood disorders that may be applicable to many other conditions that affect the bowel.

Lay SummaryIn childrens diseases where the brain degenerates, nerve cells in the bowel also die causing gastrointestinal problems, but this can be prevented by gene therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jansen, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eultgen, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takahashi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelvagal, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sardiello, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeBosch, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sax, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makita, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grider, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sands, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heuckeroth, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.26.542524</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bowel dysmotility and enteric neuron degeneration in lysosomal storage disease mice is prevented by gene therapy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.26.542533v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Complexes of vertebrate TMC1/2 and CIB2/3 proteins form hair-cell mechanotransduction cation channels 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.26.542533v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Calcium and integrin-binding protein 2 (CIB2) and CIB3 bind to transmembrane channel-like 1 (TMC1) and TMC2, the pore-forming subunits of the inner-ear mechano-electrical transduction (MET) apparatus. These interactions have been proposed to be functionally relevant across mechanosensory organs and vertebrate species. Here we show that both CIB2 and CIB3 can form heteromeric complexes with TMC1 and TMC2 and are integral for MET function in mouse cochlea and vestibular end organs as well as in zebrafish inner ear and lateral line. Our AlphaFold 2 models suggest that vertebrate CIB proteins can simultaneously interact with at least two cytoplasmic domains of TMC1 and TMC2 as validated using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of TMC1 fragments interacting with CIB2 and CIB3. Molecular dynamics simulations of TMC1/2 complexes with CIB2/3 predict that TMCs are structurally stabilized by CIB proteins to form cation channels. Overall, our work demonstrates that intact CIB2/3 and TMC1/2 complexes are integral to hair-cell MET function in vertebrate mechanosensory epithelia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Giese, A. P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weng, W.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kindt, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, V. H. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montgomery, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ratzan, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beirl, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aponte Rivera, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lotthammer, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walujkar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foster, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zobeiri, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holt, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riazuddin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cullen, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sotomayor, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, Z. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.26.542533</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Complexes of vertebrate TMC1/2 and CIB2/3 proteins form hair-cell mechanotransduction cation channels]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.30.542848v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetically engineering endothelial niche in human kidney organoids enables multilineage maturation, vascularization, and de novo cell types 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.30.542848v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Vascularization plays a critical role in organ maturation and cell type development. Drug discovery, organ mimicry, and ultimately transplantation in a clinical setting thereby hinges on achieving robust vascularization of in vitro engineered organs. Here, focusing on human kidney organoids, we overcome this hurdle by combining an inducible ETS translocation variant 2 (ETV2) human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line, which directs endothelial fate, with a non-transgenic iPSC line in suspension organoid culture. The resulting human kidney organoids show extensive vascularization by endothelial cells with an identity most closely related to endogenous kidney endothelia. Vascularized organoids also show increased maturation of nephron structures including more mature podocytes with improved marker expression, foot process interdigitation, an associated fenestrated endothelium, and the presence of renin+ cells. The creation of an engineered vascular niche capable of improving kidney organoid maturation and cell type complexity is a significant step forward in the path to clinical translation. Furthermore, this approach is orthogonal to native tissue differentiation paths, hence readily adaptable to other organoid systems and thus has the potential for a broad impact on basic and translational organoid studies.

Translational StatementDeveloping therapies for patients with kidney diseases relies on a morphologically and physiologically representative in vitro model. Human kidney organoids are an attractive model to recapitulate kidney physiology, however, they are limited by the absence of a vascular network and mature cell populations. In this work, we have generated a genetically inducible endothelial niche that, when combined with an established kidney organoid protocol, induces the maturation of a robust endothelial cell network, induces a more mature podocyte population, and induces the emergence a functional renin population. This advance significantly increases the clinical relevance of human kidney organoids for etiological studies of kidney disease and future regenerative medicine strategies.

Graphical AbstractGenetically engineered endothelial niche induces mature cell populations in human kidney organoids



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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Maggiore, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LeGraw, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Przepiorski, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Velazquez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaney, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Streeter, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva-Barbosa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franks, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hislop, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hill, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfister, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howden, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watkins, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Little, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humphreys, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stolz, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carroll, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cleaver, O. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sims-Lucas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ebrahimkhani, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hukriede, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.30.542848</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetically engineering endothelial niche in human kidney organoids enables multilineage maturation, vascularization, and de novo cell types]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.30.542957v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Visual deprivation during mouse critical period reorganizes network-level functional connectivity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.30.542957v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A classic example of experience-dependent plasticity is ocular dominance (OD) shift, in which the responsiveness of neurons in the visual cortex is profoundly altered following monocular deprivation (MD). It has been postulated that OD shifts also modify global neural networks, but such effects have never been demonstrated. Here, we used longitudinal wide-field optical calcium imaging to measure resting-state functional connectivity during acute (3-day) MD in mice. First, delta GCaMP6 power in the deprived visual cortex decreased, suggesting that excitatory activity was reduced in the region. In parallel, interhemispheric visual homotopic functional connectivity was rapidly reduced by the disruption of visual drive through MD and was sustained significantly below baseline state. This reduction of visual homotopic connectivity was accompanied by a reduction in parietal and motor homotopic connectivity. Finally, we observed enhanced internetwork connectivity between visual and parietal cortex that peaked at MD2. Together, these findings support the hypothesis that early MD induces dynamic reorganization of disparate functional networks including association cortices.

Significance StatementMonocular deprivation during the visual critical period triggers several plasticity mechanisms that collaborate to shift the excitability of neurons in the visual cortex. However, little is known about the impacts of MD on cortex-wide functional networks. Here, we measured cortical functional connectivity during short-term critical period MD. We demonstrate that critical period MD has immediate effects on functional networks beyond the visual cortex, and identify regions of substantial functional connectivity reorganization in response to MD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahn, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bice, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaines, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hengen, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Culver, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.30.542957</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Visual deprivation during mouse critical period reorganizes network-level functional connectivity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.31.542722v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In vivo evolution of a Klebsiella pneumoniae capsule defect promotes complement-mediated opsono-phagocytosis and persistence during recurrent infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.31.542722v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae (KPC-Kp) bloodstream infections rarely overwhelm the host but are associated with high mortality. The complement system is a key host defense against bloodstream infection. However, there are varying reports of serum resistance among KPC-Kp isolates. We assessed growth of 59 KPC-Kp clinical isolates in human serum and found increased resistance in 16/59 (27%). We identified five genetically-related bloodstream isolates with varying serum resistance profiles collected from a single patient during an extended hospitalization marked by recurrent KPC-Kp bloodstream infections. We noted a loss-of-function mutation in the capsule biosynthesis gene, wcaJ, that emerged during infection was associated with decreased polysaccharide capsule content, and resistance to complement-mediated killing. Surprisingly, disruption of wcaJ increased deposition of complement proteins on the microbial surface compared to the wild-type strain and led to increased complement-mediated opsono-phagocytosis in human whole blood. Disabling opsono-phagocytosis in the airspaces of mice impaired in vivo control of the wcaJ loss-of-function mutant in an acute lung infection model. These findings describe the rise of a capsular mutation that promotes KPC-Kp persistence within the host by enabling co-existence of increased bloodstream fitness and reduced tissue virulence.



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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bain, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahn, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penaloza, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McElheny, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tolman, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Geest, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez-Ferrer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hosuru, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tabary, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papke, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kohli, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farooq, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bachman, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olonisakin, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffith, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sullivan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franks, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mustapha, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iovleva, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suber, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shanks, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferreira, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stolz, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Tyne, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.31.542722</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In vivo evolution of a Klebsiella pneumoniae capsule defect promotes complement-mediated opsono-phagocytosis and persistence during recurrent infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.31.543132v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ribosomal protein control of hematopoietic stem cell transformation through direct, non-canonical regulation of metabolism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.31.543132v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We report here that expression of the ribosomal protein, RPL22, is frequently reduced in human myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML); and, reduced RPL22 expression is associated with worse outcomes. Mice null for Rpl22 display characteristics of an MDS-like syndrome and develop leukemia at an accelerated rate. Rpl22-deficient mice also display enhanced hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and obstructed differentiation potential, which arises not from reduced protein synthesis but from altered metabolism including increased fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and a striking induction of the stemness factor Lin28b in the resulting leukemia. Lin28b promotes a substantial increase in lipid content, upon which the survival of Rpl22-deficient leukemias depends. Altogether, these findings reveal that Rpl22 insufficiency enhances the leukemia potential of HSC through regulation of FAO and promotes leukemogenesis through Lin28b promotion of lipid synthesis.

HighlightsO_LIRPL22 insufficiency is observed in MDS/AML and is associated with reduced survival
C_LIO_LIRpl22-deficiency produces an MDS-like syndrome and facilitates leukemogenesis
C_LIO_LIRpl22-deficiency does not impair global protein synthesis by HSC
C_LIO_LIRpl22 controls leukemia survival through control of lipid synthesis
C_LI

eTOC: Rpl22 controls the function and transformation potential of hematopoietic stem cells through regulation of lipid metabolism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Harris, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verma, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fahl, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rhodes, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sprinkle, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perrigoue, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kessel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>West, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giricz, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boultwood, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pellagatti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramesh, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montangna, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pradhan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tyner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, B. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holinstat, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steidl, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sykes, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verma, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiest, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.31.543132</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ribosomal protein control of hematopoietic stem cell transformation through direct, non-canonical regulation of metabolism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.01.543131v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The lipid phosphatase activity of PTEN dampens FRA1 expression via AKT/mTOR signaling to suppress melanoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.01.543131v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PTEN, a phosphatase frequently inactivated in melanoma, opposes PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway activation. However, AKT- and mTOR-targeted therapies have so far yielded insufficient results in preclinical models and clinical trials of melanoma. We therefore examined whether PTEN suppresses melanoma through lipid phosphatase-independent functions or by opposing lipid phosphatase-dependent, AKT-independent pathways. Restoring different PTEN functions in PTEN-deficient cells or mouse models revealed that PTEN lipid phosphatase activity predominantly suppresses melanoma with minimal contribution from its protein phosphatase and scaffold functions. A drug screen highlighted the dependence of PTEN-deficient melanoma cells on the AKT/mTOR pathway. Moreover, activation of AKT was sufficient to overcome several aspects of PTEN-mediated melanoma suppression. Phosphoproteomics analysis of the PTEN lipid phosphatase activity identified the AP-1 transcription factor FRA1 as a downstream effector. PTEN regulates FRA1 translation via AKT/mTOR and FRA1 overexpression overcomes PTEN-mediated melanoma suppression. Our study affirms AKT as the key mediator of PTEN inactivation in melanoma and identifies an AKT/mTOR/FRA1 axis as a driver of melanomagenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bok, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jasani, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chadourne, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welsh, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinose, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rix, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karreth, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.01.543131</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The lipid phosphatase activity of PTEN dampens FRA1 expression via AKT/mTOR signaling to suppress melanoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.31.543137v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Condensate partitioning governs the mechanism of action of FUS phase separation modulators 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.31.543137v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biomolecular phase separation plays a pivotal role in governing critical biological functions and arises from the collective interactions of large numbers of molecules. Characterising the underlying collective interactions of phase separation, however, has proven to be challenging with currently available tools. Here, we propose a general and easily accessible strategy to quantify collective interactions in biomolecular phase separation with respect to composition and energetics. By measuring the dilute phase concentration of one species only, we determine tie line gradients and free energy dominance as dedicated descriptors of collective interactions. We apply this strategy to dissect the role of salts and small molecules on phase separation of the protein fused in sarcoma (FUS). We discover that monovalent salts can display both exclusion from or preferential partitioning into condensates to either counteract charge screening or enhance non-ionic interactions. Moreover, we show that the common hydrophobic interaction disruptor 1,6-hexanediol inhibits FUS phase separation by acting as a solvation agent capable of expanding the protein polypeptide chain. Taken together, our work presents a widely applicable strategy that enables quantification of collective interactions and provides unique insights into the underlying mechanisms of condensate formation and modulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ausserwoeger, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krainer, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welsh, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sneideris, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franzmann, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qamar, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nixon-Abell, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>St George-Hyslop, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyman, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alberti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knowles, T. P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.31.543137</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Condensate partitioning governs the mechanism of action of FUS phase separation modulators]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.03.542675v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural characterization of ligand binding and pH-specific enzymatic activity of mouse Acidic Mammalian Chitinase 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.03.542675v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chitin is an abundant biopolymer and pathogen-associated molecular pattern that stimulates a host innate immune response. Mammals express chitin-binding and chitin-degrading proteins to remove chitin from the body. One of these proteins, Acidic Mammalian Chitinase (AMCase), is an enzyme known for its ability to function under acidic conditions in the stomach but is also active in tissues with more neutral pHs, such as the lung. Here, we used a combination of biochemical, structural, and computational modeling approaches to examine how the mouse homolog (mAMCase) can act in both acidic and neutral environments. We measured kinetic properties of mAMCase activity across a broad pH range, quantifying its unusual dual activity optima at pH 2 and 7. We also solved high resolution crystal structures of mAMCase in complex with oligomeric GlcNAcn, the building block of chitin, where we identified extensive conformational ligand heterogeneity. Leveraging these data, we conducted molecular dynamics simulations that suggest how a key catalytic residue could be protonated via distinct mechanisms in each of the two environmental pH ranges. These results integrate structural, biochemical, and computational approaches to deliver a more complete understanding of the catalytic mechanism governing mAMCase activity at different pH. Engineering proteins with tunable pH optima may provide new opportunities to develop improved enzyme variants, including AMCase, for therapeutic purposes in chitin degradation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Diaz, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ecker, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Correy, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asthana, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, I. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faust, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seiple, I. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Dyken, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Locksley, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraser, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.03.542675</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural characterization of ligand binding and pH-specific enzymatic activity of mouse Acidic Mammalian Chitinase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.01.543318v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell lineage tracing reveals hierarchy and mechanism of adipocyte precursor maturation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.01.543318v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
White adipose tissue is crucial in various physiological processes. In response to high caloric intake, adipose tissue may expand by generating new adipocytes. Adipocyte precursor cells (progenitors and preadipocytes) are essential for generating mature adipocytes, and single-cell RNA sequencing provides new means to identify these populations. Here, we characterized adipocyte precursor populations in the skin, an adipose depot with rapid and robust generation of mature adipocytes. We identified a new population of immature preadipocytes, revealed a biased differentiation potential of progenitor cells, and identified Sox9 as a critical factor in driving progenitors toward adipose commitment, the first known mechanism of progenitor differentiation. These findings shed light on the specific dynamics and molecular mechanisms underlying rapid adipogenesis in the skin.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, G. C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butka, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jindal, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.01.543318</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell lineage tracing reveals hierarchy and mechanism of adipocyte precursor maturation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.02.543219v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stability of navigation in catheter-based endovascular procedures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.02.543219v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Endovascular procedures provide surgeons and other interventionalists with minimally invasive methods to treat vascular diseases by passing guidewires, catheters, sheaths and treatment devices into the vasculature to and navigate toward a treatment site. The efficiency of this navigation affects patient outcomes, but is frequently compromised by catheter "herniation", in which the catheter-guidewire system bulges out from the intended endovascular pathway so that the interventionalist can no longer advance it. Here, we showed herniation to be a bifurcation phenomenon that can be predicted and controlled using mechanical characterizations of catheter-guidewire systems and patientspecific clinical imaging. We demonstrated our approach in laboratory models and, retrospectively, in patients who underwent procedures involving transradial neurovascular procedures with an endovascular pathway from the wrist, up in the arm, around the aortic arch, and into the neurovasculature. Our analyses identified a mathematical navigation stability criterion that predicted herniation in all of these settings. Results show that herniation can be predicted through bifurcation analysis, and provide a framework for selecting catheter-guidewire systems to avoid herniation in specific patient anatomy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hartquist, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, M. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suskin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandrasekaran, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lowe, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zayed, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osbun, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genin, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.02.543219</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stability of navigation in catheter-based endovascular procedures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.02.543484v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-Scale Cortical Bone Traits Vary in Two Mouse Models of Genetic Diversity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.02.543484v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding the genetic basis of cortical bone traits can allow for the discovery of novel genes or biological pathways regulating bone health. Mice are the most widely used mammalian model for skeletal biology and allow for the quantification of traits that cant easily be evaluated in humans, such as osteocyte lacunar morphology. The goal of our study was to investigate the effect of genetic diversity on multi-scale cortical bone traits of three long bones in skeletally-mature mice. We measured bone morphology, mechanical properties, material properties, lacunar morphology, and mineral composition of mouse bones from two populations of genetic diversity. Additionally, we compared how intra-bone relationships varied in the two populations. Our first population of genetic diversity included 72 females and 72 males from the eight Inbred Founder strains used to create the Diversity Outbred (DO) population. These eight strains together span almost 90% of the genetic diversity found in mice (Mus musculus). Our second population of genetic diversity included 25 genetically unique, outbred females and 25 males from the DO population. We show that multi-scale cortical bone traits vary significantly with genetic background; heritability values range from 21% to 99% indicating genetic control of bone traits across length scales. We show for the first time that lacunar shape and number are highly heritable. Comparing the two populations of genetic diversity, we show each DO mouse does not resemble a single Inbred Founder but instead the outbred mice display hybrid phenotypes with the elimination of extreme values. Additionally, intra-bone relationships (e.g., ultimate force vs. cortical area) were mainly conserved in our two populations. Overall, this work supports future use of these genetically diverse populations to discover novel genes contributing to cortical bone traits, especially at the lacunar length scale.

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=176 SRC="FIGDIR/small/543484v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1e61c1org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@a3f941org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1411dceorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@bfc8c_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Migotsky, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shuster, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coulombe, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Senwar, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gestos, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farber, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferguson, V. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.02.543484</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-Scale Cortical Bone Traits Vary in Two Mouse Models of Genetic Diversity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.07.543465v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unpredictable soil conditions affect the prevalence of a microbial symbiosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.07.543465v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The evolution of symbiotic interactions may be affected by unpredictable conditions. However, a link between prevalence of symbiosis and these conditions has not been widely demonstrated. We test for these associations using Dictyostelium discoideum social amoebae and their bacterial symbionts. D. discoideum are host to endosymbiotic bacteria from three taxa: Paraburkholderia, Amoebophilus and Chlamydiae. Three species of facultative Paraburkholderia symbionts are the best studied and give hosts the ability to carry food bacteria through the dispersal stage to new environments. Amoebophilus and Chlamydiae are obligate endosymbionts with no measurable impact on host fitness. We test whether the frequency of both single infections and coinfections of these symbionts are associated with the unpredictability of their soil environments by using symbiont presence-absence data from soil isolates from 21 locations across the eastern United States. We find that that Amoebophilus and Chlamydiae obligate endosymbionts and coinfections are not associated with any of our mean measures, but that unpredictable precipitation can promote or hinder symbiosis depending on the species of Paraburkholderia symbiont.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scott, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephenson, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Queller, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strassmann, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.07.543465</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unpredictable soil conditions affect the prevalence of a microbial symbiosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.06.543960v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Haplotype-resolved, chromosome-level assembly of white clover (Trifolium repens L., Fabaceae) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.06.543960v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundWhite clover (Trifolium repens L.; Fabaceae) is an important forage and cover crop in agricultural pastures around the world, and is increasingly used in evolutionary ecology and genetics to understand the genetic basis of adaptation. Historically, improvements in white clover breeding practices and assessments of genetic variation in nature have been hampered by a lack of high-quality genomic resources for this species, owing in part to its high heterozygosity and allotetraploid hybrid origin.

FindingsHere, we use PacBio HiFi and chromosome conformation capture (Omni-C) technologies to generate a chromosome-level, haplotype-resolved genome assembly for white clover totaling 998 Mbp (scaffold N50 = 59.3 Mbp) and 1 Gbp (scaffold N50 = 58.6 Mbp) for haplotypes 1 and 2, respectively, with each haplotype arranged into 16 chromosomes (8 per subgenome). We additionally provide a functionally annotated haploid mapping assembly (968 Mbp, scaffold N50 = 59.9 Mbp), which drastically improves on the existing reference assembly in both contiguity and assembly accuracy. We annotated 78,174 protein-coding genes, resulting in protein BUSCO completeness scores of 99.6% and 99.3% against the embryophyta_odb10 and fabales_odb10 lineage datasets, respectively.

ConclusionsWe provide two white clover genome assemblies as part of this project: (1) a haplotype-resolved, chromosome-level assembly, and (2) a functionally annotated haploid mapping assembly. These assemblies place white clover among the best sequenced legumes to date, and one of the best assemblies for a plant of recent polyploid origins. This work promises to facilitate ongoing and future work in agricultural and evolutionary genetics in this agronomically and ecologically important species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Santangelo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Battlay, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hendrickson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, W.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olsen, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kooyers, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodgins, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ness, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.06.543960</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Haplotype-resolved, chromosome-level assembly of white clover (Trifolium repens L., Fabaceae)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.07.544098v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Calling Cards: a customizable platform to longitudinally record protein-DNA interactions over time in cells and tissues 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.07.544098v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Calling Cards is a platform technology to record a cumulative history of transient protein-DNA interactions in the genome of genetically targeted cell types. The record of these interactions is recovered by next generation sequencing. Compared to other genomic assays, whose readout provides a snapshot at the time of harvest, Calling Cards enables correlation of historical molecular states to eventual outcomes or phenotypes. To achieve this, Calling Cards uses the piggyBac transposase to insert self-reporting transposon (SRT) "Calling Cards" into the genome, leaving permanent marks at interaction sites. Calling Cards can be deployed in a variety of in vitro and in vivo biological systems to study gene regulatory networks involved in development, aging, and disease. Out of the box, it assesses enhancer usage but can be adapted to profile specific transcription factor binding with custom transcription factor (TF)-piggyBac fusion proteins. The Calling Cards workflow has five main stages: delivery of Calling Card reagents, sample preparation, library preparation, sequencing, and data analysis. Here, we first present a comprehensive guide for experimental design, reagent selection, and optional customization of the platform to study additional TFs. Then, we provide an updated protocol for the five steps, using reagents that improve throughput and decrease costs, including an overview of a newly deployed computational pipeline. This protocol is designed for users with basic molecular biology experience to process samples into sequencing libraries in 1-2 days. Familiarity with bioinformatic analysis and command line tools is required to set up the pipeline in a high-performance computing environment and to conduct downstream analyses.

Basic Protocol 1: Preparation and delivery of Calling Cards reagents
Basic Protocol 2: Sample preparation
Basic Protocol 3: Sequencing library preparation
Basic Protocol 4: Library pooling and sequencing
Basic Protocol 5: Data analysis
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mateusiak, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarafinovska, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gachechiladze, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moudgil, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cammack, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoisington-Lopez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crosby, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brent, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitra, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.07.544098</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Calling Cards: a customizable platform to longitudinally record protein-DNA interactions over time in cells and tissues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.09.544399v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A non-oscillatory, millisecond-scale embedding of brain state provides insight into behavior. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.09.544399v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sleep and wake are understood to be slow, long-lasting processes that span the entire brain. Brain states correlate with many neurophysiological changes, yet the most robust and reliable signature of state is enriched in rhythms between 0.1 and 20 Hz. The possibility that the fundamental unit of brain state could be a reliable structure at the scale of milliseconds and microns has not been addressed due to the physical limits associated with oscillation-based definitions. Here, by analyzing high resolution neural activity recorded in 10 anatomically and functionally diverse regions of the murine brain over 24 h, we reveal a mechanistically distinct embedding of state in the brain. Sleep and wake states can be accurately classified from on the order of 100 to 101 ms of neuronal activity sampled from 100 m of brain tissue. In contrast to canonical rhythms, this embedding persists above 1,000 Hz. This high frequency embedding is robust to substates and rapid events such as sharp wave ripples and cortical ON/OFF states. To ascertain whether such fast and local structure is meaningful, we leveraged our observation that individual circuits intermittently switch states independently of the rest of the brain. Brief state discontinuities in subsets of circuits correspond with brief behavioral discontinuities during both sleep and wake. Our results suggest that the fundamental unit of state in the brain is consistent with the spatial and temporal scale of neuronal computation, and that this resolution can contribute to an understanding of cognition and behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Parks, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneider, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunwasser, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Funderburk, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thurber, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanche, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dyer, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haussler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hengen, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.09.544399</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A non-oscillatory, millisecond-scale embedding of brain state provides insight into behavior.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.07.543965v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The chromatin landscape of healthy and injured cell types in the human kidney 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.07.543965v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
There is a need to define regions of gene activation or repression that control human kidney cells in states of health, injury, and repair to understand the molecular pathogenesis of kidney disease and design therapeutic strategies. However, comprehensive integration of gene expression with epigenetic features that define regulatory elements remains a significant challenge. We measured dual single nucleus RNA expression and chromatin accessibility, DNA methylation, and H3K27ac, H3K4me1, H3K4me3, and H3K27me3 histone modifications to decipher the chromatin landscape and gene regulation of the kidney in reference and adaptive injury states. We established a comprehensive and spatially-anchored epigenomic atlas to define the kidneys active, silent, and regulatory accessible chromatin regions across the genome. Using this atlas, we noted distinct control of adaptive injury in different epithelial cell types. A proximal tubule cell transcription factor network of ELF3, KLF6, and KLF10 regulated the transition between health and injury, while in thick ascending limb cells this transition was regulated by NR2F1. Further, combined perturbation of ELF3, KLF6, and KLF10 distinguished two adaptive proximal tubular cell subtypes, one of which manifested a repair trajectory after knockout. This atlas will serve as a foundation to facilitate targeted cell-specific therapeutics by reprogramming gene regulatory networks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gisch, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lake, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basta, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melo Ferreira, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akilesh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghag, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collins, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parikh, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rovin, B. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robbins, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conklin, K. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diep, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knoten, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barwinska, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asghari, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sabo, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferkowicz, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sutton, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Boer, I. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosas, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiryluk, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodgin, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alakwaa, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jefferson, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaut, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gehlenborg, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillips, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El-Achkar, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagher, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hato, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Himmelfarb, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kretzler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mollah, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kidney Precision Medicine Project,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ra</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.07.543965</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The chromatin landscape of healthy and injured cell types in the human kidney]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.08.544088v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ketamine rescues anhedonia by cell-type and input specific adaptations in the Nucleus Accumbens 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.08.544088v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ketamines role in providing a rapid and sustained antidepressant response, particularly for patients unresponsive to conventional treatments, is increasingly recognized. A core symptom of depression, anhedonia, or the loss of enjoyment or interest in previously pleasurable activities, is known to be significantly alleviated by ketamine. While several hypotheses have been proposed regarding the mechanisms by which ketamine alleviates anhedonia, the specific circuits and synaptic changes responsible for its sustained therapeutic effects are not yet understood. Here, we show that the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a major hub of the reward circuitry, is essential for ketamines effect in rescuing anhedonia in mice subjected to chronic stress, a critical risk factor in the genesis of depression in humans. Specifically, a single exposure to ketamine rescues stress-induced decreased strength of excitatory synapses on NAc D1 dopamine receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons (D1-MSNs). By using a novel cell-specific pharmacology method, we demonstrate that this cell-type specific neuroadaptation is necessary for the sustained therapeutic effects of ketamine. To test for causal sufficiency, we artificially mimicked ketamine-induced increase in excitatory strength on D1-MSNs and found that this recapitulates the behavioral amelioration induced by ketamine. Finally, to determine the presynaptic origin of the relevant glutamatergic inputs for ketamine-elicited synaptic and behavioral effects, we used a combination of opto- and chemogenetics. We found that ketamine rescues stress-induced reduction in excitatory strength at medial prefrontal cortex and ventral hippocampus inputs to NAc D1-MSNs. Chemogenetically preventing ketamine-evoked plasticity at those unique inputs to the NAc reveals a ketamine-operated input-specific control of hedonic behavior. These results establish that ketamine rescues stress-induced anhedonia via cell-type-specific adaptations as well as information integration in the NAc via discrete excitatory synapses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lucantonio, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roeglin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bontempi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shields, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zarate, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tadross, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pignatelli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.08.544088</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ketamine rescues anhedonia by cell-type and input specific adaptations in the Nucleus Accumbens]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.12.544666v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dominance metric in multi-component binary phase equilibria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.12.544666v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phase separation in aqueous solutions of macromolecules is thought to underlie the generation of biomolecular condensates in cells. Condensates are membraneless bodies, representing dense, macromolecule-rich phases that coexist with the dilute, macromolecule-deficient phase. In cells, condensates comprise hundreds of different macromolecular and small molecule solutes. Do all components contribute equally or very differently to the driving forces for phase separation? Currently, we lack a coherent formalism to answer this question, a gap we remedy in this work through the introduction of a formalism we term energy dominance analysis. This approach rests on model-free analysis of shapes of the dilute arms of phase boundaries, slopes of tie lines, and changes to dilute phase concentrations in response to perturbations of concentrations of different solutes. We present the formalism that underlies dominance analysis, and establish its accuracy and flexibility by deploying it to analyse phase spaces probed in silico, in vitro, and in cellulo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qian, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ausserwoger, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sneideris, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knowles, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.12.544666</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dominance metric in multi-component binary phase equilibria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.13.544862v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NOP16 is a histone mimetic that regulates Histone H3K27 methylation and gene repression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.13.544862v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Post-translational modifications of histone tails alter chromatin accessibility to regulate gene expression. Some viruses exploit the importance of histone modifications by expressing histone mimetic proteins that contain histone-like sequences to sequester complexes that recognize modified histones. Here we identify an evolutionarily conserved and ubiquitously expressed, endogenous mammalian protein Nucleolar protein 16 (NOP16) that functions as a H3K27 mimic. NOP16 binds to EED in the H3K27 trimethylation PRC2 complex and to the H3K27 demethylase JMJD3. NOP16 knockout selectively globally increases H3K27me3, a heterochromatin mark, without altering methylation of H3K4, H3K9, or H3K36 or acetylation of H3K27. NOP16 is overexpressed and linked to poor prognosis in breast cancer. Depletion of NOP16 in breast cancer cell lines causes cell cycle arrest, decreases cell proliferation and selectively decreases expression of E2F target genes and of genes involved in cell cycle, growth and apoptosis. Conversely, ectopic NOP16 expression in triple negative breast cancer cell lines increases cell proliferation, cell migration and invasivity in vitro and tumor growth in vivo, while NOP16 knockout or knockdown has the opposite effect. Thus, NOP16 is a histone mimic that competes with Histone H3 for H3K27 methylation and demethylation. When it is overexpressed in cancer, it derepresses genes that promote cell cycle progression to augment breast cancer growth.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Takashima, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trovero, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rothi, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mistry, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Natale, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmid, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al Haddad, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffmann, G. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dietmann, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sui, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oshiumi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lieberman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greer, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.13.544862</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NOP16 is a histone mimetic that regulates Histone H3K27 methylation and gene repression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.13.544802v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CD22L Conjugation to Insulin Attenuates Insulin-Specific B cell Activation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.13.544802v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pancreatic islet-reactive B lymphocytes promote Type 1 diabetes (T1D) by presenting antigen to islet-destructive T cells. Teplizumab, an anti-CD3 monoclonal, delays T1D onset in patients at risk, but additional therapies are needed to prevent disease entirely. Therefore, bifunctional molecules were designed to selectively inhibit T1D-promoting anti-insulin B cells by conjugating a ligand for the B cell inhibitory receptor CD22 (i.e., CD22L) to insulin, which permit these molecules to concomitantly bind to anti-insulin B cell receptors (BCRs) and CD22. Two prototypes were synthesized: 2:2 insulin-CD22L conjugate on a 4-arm PEG backbone, and 1:1 insulin-CD22L direct conjugate. Transgenic mice (125TgSD) expressing anti-insulin BCRs provided cells for in vitro testing. Cells were cultured with constructs for three days then assessed by flow cytometry. Duplicate wells with anti-CD40 simulated T cell help. Surprisingly, a 2-insulin 4-arm PEG control caused robust proliferation and activation-induced CD86 upregulation. Anti-CD40 further boosted these effects. This was unexpected, as soluble insulin alone has no effect, and may indicate that BCR-crosslinking occurs when antigens are tethered by the PEG backbone. Addition of CD22L via the 2:2 insulin-CD22L conjugate restored B cell properties to that of controls without additional beneficial effect. In contrast, the 1:1 insulin-CD22L direct conjugate significantly reduced anti-insulin B cell proliferation in the presence of anti-CD40. CD22L alone had no effect, and the constructs did not affect WT B cells. Thus, high valency constructs activate anti-insulin B cells, while low-valency antigen-CD22L conjugates co-ligate BCR and CD22, reducing B cell activation in response to simulated T cell help and reducing pathogenic B cell numbers without harming normal cells. Thus, the insulin-CD22L direct conjugate is a promising candidate for preclinical trials to prevent T1D without inducing immunodeficiency
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Apley, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffith, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Downes, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ross, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farrell, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kendall, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berkland, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.13.544802</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CD22L Conjugation to Insulin Attenuates Insulin-Specific B cell Activation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.13.544829v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intrinsic Homeostatic Plasticity in Mouse and Human Sensory Neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.13.544829v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In response to changes in activity induced by environmental cues, neurons in the central nervous system undergo homeostatic plasticity to sustain overall network function during abrupt changes in synaptic strengths. Homeostatic plasticity involves changes in synaptic scaling and regulation of intrinsic excitability. Increases in spontaneous firing and excitability of sensory neurons are evident in some forms of chronic pain in animal models and human patients. However, whether mechanisms of homeostatic plasticity are engaged in sensory neurons under normal conditions or altered after chronic pain is unknown. Here, we showed that sustained depolarization induced by 30mM KCl induces a compensatory decrease in the excitability in mouse and human sensory neurons. Moreover, voltage-gated sodium currents are robustly reduced in mouse sensory neurons contributing to the overall decrease in neuronal excitability. Decreased efficacy of these homeostatic mechanisms could potentially contribute to the development of the pathophysiology of chronic pain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mcllvried, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Del Rosario, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pullen, M. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wangzhou, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheahan, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shepherd, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slivicki, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemen, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Price, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Copits, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gereau, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.13.544829</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intrinsic Homeostatic Plasticity in Mouse and Human Sensory Neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.14.544984v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Generative artificial intelligence GPT-4 accelerates knowledge mining and machine learning for synthetic biology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.14.544984v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Knowledge mining from synthetic biology journal articles for machine learning (ML) applications is a labor-intensive process. The development of natural language processing (NLP) tools, such as GPT-4, can accelerate the extraction of published information related to microbial performance under complex strain engineering and bioreactor conditions. As a proof of concept, we used GPT-4 to extract knowledge from 176 publications on two oleaginous yeasts (Yarrowia lipolytica and Rhodosporidium toruloides). After integration with a molecule inventory database, the outcome is a total of 2037 data instances and 28 features, which serve as machine learning inputs. The structured datasets enabled ML approaches (e.g., a random forest model) to predict Yarrowia fermentation titers with high accuracy (R2 of 0.86 for unseen test data). Via transfer learning, the trained model could also assess the production capability of the non-conventional yeast, R. toruloides, for which there are fewer published reports. This work demonstrated the potential of generative artificial intelligence to speed up information extraction from research articles, thereby improving design-build-test-learn (DBTL) cycles for commercial biomanufacturing development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xiao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moon, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roell, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Y. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.14.544984</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Generative artificial intelligence GPT-4 accelerates knowledge mining and machine learning for synthetic biology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.15.545113v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inhibition of Retinoic Acid Signaling in Proximal Tubular Epithelial cells Protects against Acute Kidney Injury by Enhancing Kim-1-dependent Efferocytosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.15.545113v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Retinoic acid receptor (RAR) signaling is essential for mammalian kidney development, but in the adult kidney is restricted to occasional collecting duct epithelial cells. We now show there is widespread reactivation of RAR signaling in proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) in human sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (AKI), and in mouse models of AKI. Genetic inhibition of RAR signaling in PTECs protects against experimental AKI but is associated with increased expression of the PTEC injury marker, Kim-1. However, Kim-1 is also expressed by de-differentiated, proliferating PTECs, and protects against injury by increasing apoptotic cell clearance, or efferocytosis. We show that the protective effect of inhibiting PTEC RAR signaling is mediated by increased Kim-1 dependent efferocytosis, and that this is associated with de-differentiation, proliferation, and metabolic reprogramming of PTECs. These data demonstrate a novel functional role that reactivation of RAR signaling plays in regulating PTEC differentiation and function in human and experimental AKI.

Graphical abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=97 SRC="FIGDIR/small/545113v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@140ba6borg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@8f02f0org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@10a123eorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@33b564_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, L. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brewer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delgado, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menshikh, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clouthier, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanichapol, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gewin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brooks, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Caestecker, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.15.545113</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inhibition of Retinoic Acid Signaling in Proximal Tubular Epithelial cells Protects against Acute Kidney Injury by Enhancing Kim-1-dependent Efferocytosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.15.545130v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
M3NetFlow: a novel multi-scale multi-hop modular graph AI model for multi-omics data integration and signaling network inference 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.15.545130v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryMulti-omic data-driven studies, characterizing complex disease signaling system from multiple levels, are at the forefront of precision medicine and healthcare. The integration and interpretation of multi-omic data are essential for identifying molecular targets and deciphering core signaling pathways of complex diseases. However, it remains an open problem due the large number of biomarkers and complex interactions among them. In this study, we propose a novel Multi-scale Multi-hop Multi-omic graph model, M3NetFlow, to facilitate generic multi-omic data analysis to rank targets and infer core signaling flows/pathways. To evaluate M3NetFlow, we applied it in two independent multi-omic case studies: 1) uncovering mechanisms of synergistic drug combination response (defined as anchor-target guided learning), and 2) identifying biomarkers and pathways of Alzheimer  s disease (AD). The evaluation and comparison results showed M3NetFlow achieves the best prediction accuracy (accurate), and identifies a set of essential targets and core signaling pathways (interpretable). The model can be directly applied to other multi-omic data-driven studies. The code is publicly accessible at: https://github.com/FuhaiLiAiLab/M3NetFlow
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goedegebuure, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawkins, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeNardo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fields, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.15.545130</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[M3NetFlow: a novel multi-scale multi-hop modular graph AI model for multi-omics data integration and signaling network inference]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.17.545402v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fluctuating selection facilitates the discovery of broadly effective but difficult to reach adaptive outcomes in yeast 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.17.545402v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Evolutionary compromises are thought to be common under fluctuating selection because the mutations that best enable adaptation to one environmental context can often be detrimental in others. Yet, prior experimental work has shown that generalists can sometimes perform as well as specialists in their own environments. Here we use a highly replicated evolutionary experiment (N = 448 asexual lineages of the brewers yeast) to show that even though fluctuation between two environmental conditions often induces evolutionary compromises (at least early on), it can also help reveal difficult to reach adaptive outcomes that ultimately improve performance in both environments. Specifically, we begin by showing that yeast adaptation to chemical stress can involve fitness tradeoffs with stress-free environments and that, accordingly, lineages that are repeatedly exposed to occasional stress tend to respond by trading performance for breadth of adaptation. We then show that on rare occasions, fluctuating selection leads to the evolution of no-cost generalists that can even outcompete constant selection specialists in their own environments. We propose that the discovery of these broader and more effective adaptive outcomes under fluctuating selection could be partially facilitated by changes in the adaptive landscape that result from having to deal with fitness tradeoffs across different environmental conditions. Overall, our findings indicate that reconciling the short- and long-term evolutionary consequences of fluctuating selection could significantly improve our understanding of the evolution of specialization and generalism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fasanello, V. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fay, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Botero, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.17.545402</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fluctuating selection facilitates the discovery of broadly effective but difficult to reach adaptive outcomes in yeast]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.19.545598v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Androgen exposure impairs neutrophil maturation and function within the infected kidney 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.19.545598v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in men are uncommon but carry increased risk for severe pyelonephritis and other complications. In models of Escherichia coli UTI, male C3H/HeN mice uniformly develop high-titer pyelonephritis (most with renal abscesses) in a testosterone-dependent manner, but the mechanisms underlying this phenotype are unknown. Here, using female mouse models, we show that androgen exposure impairs neutrophil maturation in the upper and lower urinary tract, compounded by an additional reduction of neutrophil function specifically within the infected kidney, enabling persistent high-titer infection and promoting abscess formation. Following intravesical inoculation with uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), kidneys of androgen-exposed C3H mice showed delayed local pro-inflammatory cytokine responses while robustly recruiting neutrophils. These were enriched for an end-organ-specific population of aged but immature neutrophils (CD49d+, CD101-). Compared to their mature counterparts, these aged immature kidney neutrophils exhibited reduced functions in vitro, including impaired degranulation and diminished phagocytic activity, while splenic, bone marrow, and bladder neutrophils did not display these alterations. Further, aged immature neutrophils exhibited little phagocytic activity within intratubular UPEC communities in vivo. Experiments with B6 conditional androgen receptor (AR)-deficient mice indicated rescue of the maturation defect when AR was deleted in myeloid cells. We conclude that the recognized enhancement of UTI severity by androgens reflects urinary tract-specific impairment of neutrophil maturation (largely via cell-intrinsic AR signaling) and kidney-specific reduction in neutrophil antimicrobial capacity, resulting in failure to control renal bacterial infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hreha, T. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collins, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunstad, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.19.545598</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Androgen exposure impairs neutrophil maturation and function within the infected kidney]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.19.545613v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Testing relationships between multiple regional features and biogeographic processes of speciation, extinction, and dispersal 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.19.545613v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The spatial and environmental features of regions where clades are evolving are expected to impact biogeographic processes such as speciation, extinction, and dispersal. Any number of regional features (such as altitude, distance, area, etc.) may be directly or indirectly related to these processes. For example, it may be that distances or differences in altitude or both may limit dispersal rates. However, it is difficult to disentangle which features are most strongly related to rates of different processes. Here, we present an extensible Multi-feature Feature-Informed GeoSSE (MultiFIG) model that allows for the simultaneous investigation of any number of regional features. MultiFIG provides a conceptual framework for incorporating large numbers of features of different types, including categorical, quantitative, within-region, and between-region features, along with a mathematical framework for translating those features into biogeographic rates for statistical hypothesis testing. Using traditional Bayesian parameter estimation and reversible-jump Markov chain Monte Carlo, MultiFIG allows for the exploration of models with different numbers and combinations of feature-effect parameters, and generates estimates for the strengths of relationships between each regional feature and core process. We validate this model with a simulation study covering a range of scenarios with different numbers of regions, tree sizes, and feature values. We also demonstrate the application of MultiFIG with an empirical case study of the South American lizard genus Liolaemus, investigating sixteen regional features related to area, distance, and altitude. Our results show two important feature-process relationships: a negative distance/dispersal relationship, and a negative area/extinction relationship. Interestingly, although speciation rates were found to be higher in Andean versus non-Andean regions, the model did not assign significance to Andean- or altitude-related parameters. These results highlight the need to consider multiple regional features in biogeographic hypothesis testing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Swiston, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landis, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.19.545613</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Testing relationships between multiple regional features and biogeographic processes of speciation, extinction, and dispersal]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.21.545956v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ALS-related p97 R155H mutation disrupts lysophagy in iPSC-derived motor neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.21.545956v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mutations in the AAA+ ATPase p97 (also known as valosin containing protein, VCP) cause multisystem proteinopathy 1 (MSP-1) which includes amyotrophic-lateral sclerosis (ALS); however, the pathogenic mechanisms that contribute to motor neuron loss in familial ALS caused by p97 mutations remain obscure. Here, we use two distinct induced pluripotent stem cell models differentiated into spinal motor neurons to investigate how p97 mutations perturb the motor neuron proteome. Using multiplexed quantitative proteomics in these cells, we find that motor neurons harboring the p97 R155H mutation have deficits in lysosome quality control and the selective autophagy of lysosomes (lysophagy). p97 R155H motor neurons are unable to efficiently clear damaged lysosomes and have reduced viability. Additionally, lysosomes in mutant motor neurons have increased pH compared to their wildtype counterparts. The endo-lysosomal damage repair (ELDR) complex is required for clearance of damaged lysosomes and involves UBXD1-p97 interaction which is disrupted in mutant motor neurons. Finally, we report that inhibition of the ATPase activity of p97 R155H using the ATP competitive inhibitor CB-5083 rescues lysophagy defects in mutant motor neurons. These results add to the increasing evidence that endo-lysosomal dysfunction is a key aspect of disease pathogenesis in p97-related disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Klickstein, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antonoudiou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maguire, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paulo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gygi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weihl, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.21.545956</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ALS-related p97 R155H mutation disrupts lysophagy in iPSC-derived motor neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.23.546275v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cellular endosomal potassium ion flux regulates arenavirus uncoating during virus entry 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.23.546275v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a model arenavirus that causes fatalities within immunocompromised populations. To enter cells, the LCMV envelope fuses with endosomal membranes, for which two requirements are low pH and interaction between LCMV GP spike and receptor CD164. LCMV subsequently uncoats, where genome-associated NP separates from Z matrix. To further examine LCMV entry, an siRNA screen identified K+ channels as important for LCMV infection, and pharmacological inhibition confirmed K+ involvement during entry. We tracked incoming virions along their entry pathway under physiological conditions, where uncoating was signified by separation of NP and Z. In contrast, K+ channel blockade, prevented uncoating, trapping virions within Rab7 and CD164-positive endosomes, identifying K+ as a third LCMV entry requirement. K+ did not increase GP/CD164 binding, thus we suggest K+ mediates uncoating by modulating NP/Z interactions within the virion interior. These results suggest repurposing licensed K+ channel inhibitors represents a potential anti-arenaviral strategy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shaw, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tse, H. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Byford, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>plahe, g.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moon-Walker, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saphire, E. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whelan, S. P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mankouri, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fontana, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barr, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.23.546275</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cellular endosomal potassium ion flux regulates arenavirus uncoating during virus entry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.24.546384v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Incorporating physics to overcome data scarcity in predictive modeling of protein function: a case study of BK channels 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.24.546384v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Machine learning has played transformative roles in numerous chemical and biophysical problems such as protein folding where large amount of data exists. Nonetheless, many important problems remain challenging for data-driven machine learning approaches due to the limitation of data scarcity. One approach to overcome data scarcity is to incorporate physical principles such as through molecular modeling and simulation. Here, we focus on the big potassium (BK) channels that play important roles in cardiovascular and neural systems. Many mutants of BK channel are associated with various neurological and cardiovascular diseases, but the molecular effects are unknown. The voltage gating properties of BK channels have been characterized for 473 site-specific mutations experimentally over the last three decades; yet, these functional data by themselves remain far too sparse to derive a predictive model of BK channel voltage gating. Using physics-based modeling, we quantify the energetic effects of all single mutations on both open and closed states of the channel. Together with dynamic properties derived from atomistic simulations, these physical descriptors allow the training of random forest models that could reproduce unseen experimentally measured shifts in gating voltage, {Delta}V1/2, with a RMSE [~] 32 mV and correlation coefficient of R [~] 0.7. Importantly, the model appears capable of uncovering nontrivial physical principles underlying the gating of the channel, including a central role of hydrophobic gating. The model was further evaluated using four novel mutations of L235 and V236 on the S5 helix, mutations of which are predicted to have opposing effects on V1/2 and suggest a key role of S5 in mediating voltage sensor-pore coupling. The measured {Delta}V1/2 agree quantitatively with prediction for all four mutations, with a high correlation of R = 0.92 and RMSE = 18 mV. Therefore, the model can capture nontrivial voltage gating properties in regions where few mutations are known. The success of predictive modeling of BK voltage gating demonstrates the potential of combining physics and statistical learning for overcoming data scarcity in nontrivial protein function prediction.

Author SummaryDeep machine learning has brought many exciting breakthroughs in chemistry, physics and biology. These models require large amount of training data and struggle when the data is scarce. The latter is true for predictive modeling of the function of complex proteins such as ion channels, where only hundreds of mutational data may be available. Using the big potassium (BK) channel as a biologically important model system, we demonstrate that a reliable predictive model of its voltage gating property could be derived from only 473 mutational data by incorporating physics-derived features, which include dynamic properties from molecular dynamics simulations and energetic quantities from Rosetta mutation calculations. We show that the final random forest model captures key trends and hotspots in mutational effects of BK voltage gating, such as the important role of pore hydrophobicity. A particularly curious prediction is that mutations of two adjacent residues on the S5 helix would always have opposite effects on the gating voltage, which was confirmed by experimental characterization of four novel mutations. The current work demonstrates the importance and effectiveness of incorporating physics in predictive modeling of protein function with scarce data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nordquist, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barethiya, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.24.546384</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Incorporating physics to overcome data scarcity in predictive modeling of protein function: a case study of BK channels]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.24.546411v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TOMM40 and TOMM22 of the Translocase Outer Mitochondrial Membrane Complex rescue statin-impaired mitochondrial dynamics, morphology, and mitophagy in skeletal myotubes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.24.546411v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundStatins are the drugs most commonly used for lowering plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels and reducing cardiovascular disease risk. Although generally well tolerated, statins can induce myopathy, a major cause of non-adherence to treatment. Impaired mitochondrial function has been implicated as a cause of statin-induced myopathy, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We have shown that simvastatin downregulates transcription of TOMM40 and TOMM22, genes that encode major subunits of the translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane (TOM) complex which is responsible for importing nuclear-encoded proteins and maintaining mitochondrial function. We therefore investigated the role of TOMM40 and TOMM22 in mediating statin effects on mitochondrial function, dynamics, and mitophagy.

MethodsCellular and biochemical assays and transmission electron microscopy were used to investigate effects of simvastatin and TOMM40 and TOMM22 expression on measures of mitochondrial function and dynamics in C2C12 and primary human skeletal cell myotubes.

ResultsKnockdown of TOMM40 and TOMM22 in skeletal cell myotubes impaired mitochondrial oxidative function, increased production of mitochondrial superoxide, reduced mitochondrial cholesterol and CoQ levels, disrupted mitochondrial dynamics and morphology, and increased mitophagy, with similar effects resulting from simvastatin treatment. Overexpression of TOMM40 and TOMM22 in simvastatin-treated muscle cells rescued statin effects on mitochondrial dynamics, but not on mitochondrial function or cholesterol and CoQ levels. Moreover, overexpression of these genes resulted in an increase in number and density of cellular mitochondria.

ConclusionThese results confirm that TOMM40 and TOMM22 are central in regulating mitochondrial homeostasis and demonstrate that downregulation of these genes by statin treatment mediates disruption of mitochondrial dynamics, morphology, and mitophagy, effects that may contribute to statin-induced myopathy.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=102 SRC="FIGDIR/small/546411v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, N. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guerra, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pagliarini, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Theusch, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krauss, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.24.546411</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TOMM40 and TOMM22 of the Translocase Outer Mitochondrial Membrane Complex rescue statin-impaired mitochondrial dynamics, morphology, and mitophagy in skeletal myotubes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.27.546703v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiple pathways for glucose phosphate transport and utilization support growth of Cryptosporidium parvum 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.27.546703v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cryptosporidium parvum is an obligate intracellular parasite with a highly reduced mitochondrion that lacks the TCA cycle and the ability to generate ATP, making the parasite reliant on glycolysis. Genetic ablation experiments demonstrated that neither of the two putative glucose transporters CpGT1 and CpGT2 were essential for growth. Surprisingly, hexokinase was also dispensable for parasite growth while the downstream enzyme aldolase was required, suggesting the parasite has an alternative way of obtaining phosphorylated hexose. Complementation studies in E. coli support a role for direct transport of glucose-6-phosphate from the host cell by the parasite transporters CpGT1 and CpGT2, thus bypassing a requirement for hexokinase. Additionally, the parasite obtains phosphorylated glucose from amylopectin stores that are released by the action of the essential enzyme glycogen phosphorylase. Collectively, these findings reveal that C. parvum relies on multiple pathways to obtain phosphorylated glucose both for glycolysis and to restore carbohydrate reserves.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beatty, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greigert, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Witola, W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sibley, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.27.546703</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiple pathways for glucose phosphate transport and utilization support growth of Cryptosporidium parvum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.28.546878v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis arenavirus utilises tunnelling nanotube-like intercellular connections for cell-to-cell spread 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.28.546878v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Arenaviridae family within the Bunyavirales order of segmented RNA viruses contains over 50 species grouped into four genera, Antennavirus, Hartmanivirus, Mammarenavirus and Reptarenavirus. Several mammarenaviruses are associated with fatal hemorrhagic fevers, including Lassa, Lujo and Junin viruses. The mammarenavirus member lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is largely non-pathogenic to humans and represents a tractable model system for studying arenavirus molecular and cellular biology. During infection of cells in culture, a high proportion of LCMV spread is between directly neighbouring cells. Consistent with this observation LCMV-infected cells extrude multiple tunnelling nanotube (TNT)-like structures forming intercellular connections that could provide a route of cell-to-cell spread. To investigate this, we used recombinant LCMV with engineered epitope tags in glycoprotein spike (GP-1) and matrix (Z) proteins, alongside nucleoprotein (NP) antisera, to reveal that all three major structural proteins co-localised within TNT-like connections. Furthermore, utilising fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) we showed NP also co-localised with LCMV genomic sense RNA. Taken together, these observations suggested LCMV virions pass between cells through intercellular connections to infect new cells. Consistent with this, addition of a potent LCMV neutralising antibody to supernatants during infection failed to block LCMV spread through cultures, revealing that cell-to-cell connectivity plays a major role in LCMV transmission. This is the first report of cell-cell infection via TNT-like connections for any species of the 14 families within the Bunyavirales order. This study furthers our understanding of how arenaviruses manipulate the host to establish infection, which may aid in the development of effective anti-viral therapeutics.

IMPORTANCEArenaviruses include some of the most serious human pathogens in existence, although no clinically approved vaccines or therapies are currently available to prevent their associated disease. As with most pathogens, transmission of arenaviruses from one cell to another is a critical aspect of infection and resulting pathogenicity. Here, we showed that model arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) can spread between cells without exposure to the extracellular space. We visualized the three major LCMV structural proteins, namely nucleoprotein, glycoprotein spike and matrix co-localized along with genomic RNA within tubular structures connecting adjacent cells. The use of a potent neutralizing antibody to block the extracellular route of LCMV transmission reduced spread within cultured cells to approximately half that of untreated cultures. Taken together, these results suggest intercellular connections represent important conduits for arenavirus spread. This information will aid in the development of antiviral strategies that prevent both intra- and extracellular transmission routes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Byford, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaw, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tse, H. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moon-Walker, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saphire, E. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whelan, S. P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stacey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hewson, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fontana, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barr, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.28.546878</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lymphocytic choriomeningitis arenavirus utilises tunnelling nanotube-like intercellular connections for cell-to-cell spread]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.27.546594v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Engineering Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines to Evade Xenogeneic Transplantation Barriers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.27.546594v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Allogeneic human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cells and tissues for therapeutic transplantation must necessarily overcome immunological rejection by the recipient. To define these barriers and to create cells capable of evading rejection for preclinical testing in immunocompetent mouse models, we genetically ablated {beta}2m, Tap1, Ciita, Cd74, Mica, and Micb to limit expression of HLA-I, HLA-II, and natural killer cell activating ligands in hPSCs. Though these and even unedited hPSCs readily formed teratomas in cord blood-humanized immunodeficient mice, grafts were rapidly rejected by immunocompetent wild-type mice. Transplantation of these cells that also expressed covalent single chain trimers of Qa1 and H2-Kb to inhibit natural killer cells and CD55, Crry, and CD59 to inhibit complement deposition led to persistent teratomas in wild-type mice. Expression of additional inhibitory factors such as CD24, CD47, and/or PD-L1 had no discernible impact on teratoma growth or persistence. Transplantation of HLA-deficient hPSCs into mice genetically deficient in complement and depleted of natural killer cells also led to persistent teratomas. Thus, T cell, NK cell, and complement evasion are necessary to prevent immunological rejection of hPSCs and their progeny. These cells and versions expressing human orthologs of immune evasion factors can be used to refine tissue- and cell type-specific immune barriers, and to conduct preclinical testing in immunocompetent mouse models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pizzato, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alonso-Guallart, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woods, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johannesson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Connelly, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fehniger, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atkinson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pruett-Miller, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monsma, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharya, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.27.546594</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Engineering Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines to Evade Xenogeneic Transplantation Barriers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.27.546752v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cortical Origin of Theta Error Signals 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.27.546752v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A multi-scale approach elucidated the origin of the error-related-negativity (ERN), with its associated theta-rhythm, and the post-error-positivity (Pe) in macaque supplementary eye field (SEF). Using biophysical modeling, synaptic inputs to layer-3 (L3) and layer-5 (L5) pyramidal cells (PCs) were optimized to account for error-related modulation and inter-spike intervals. The intrinsic dynamics of dendrites in L5 but not L3 PCs generate theta rhythmicity with random phase. Saccades synchronized the phase of this theta-rhythm, which was magnified on errors. Contributions from L5 PCs to the laminar current source density (CSD) observed in SEF were negligible. The CSD derived from L3 PCs could not explain the observed association between their error-related spiking modulation and scalp-EEG. Laminar CSD comprises multipolar components, with dipoles explaining ERN features, and quadrupoles reproducing those for Pe. The presence of monopoles indicates diffuse activation. These results provide the most advanced explanation of the cellular mechanisms generating the ERN.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Herrera, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sajad, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Errington, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schall, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.27.546752</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cortical Origin of Theta Error Signals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.28.546819v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discovery of New Broad-Spectrum Anti-Infectives for Eukaryotic Pathogens Using Bioorganometallic Chemistry 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.28.546819v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Drug resistance observed with many anti-infectives clearly highlights the need for new broad-spectrum agents to treat especially neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) caused by eukaryotic parasitic pathogens including fungal infections. Since these diseases target the most vulnerable communities who are disadvantaged by health and socio-economic factors, new agents should be, if possible, easy-to-prepare to allow for commercialization based on their low cost. In this study, we show that simple modification of one of the most well-known antifungal drugs, fluconazole, with organometallic moieties not only improves the activity of the parent drug but also broadens the scope of application of the new derivatives. These compounds were highly effective in vivo against pathogenic fungal infections and potent against parasitic worms such as Brugia, which causes lymphatic filariasis and Trichuris, one of the soil-transmitted helminths that infects millions of people globally. Notably, the identified molecular targets indicate a mechanism of action that differs greatly from the parental antifungal drug, including targets involved in biosynthetic pathways that are absent in humans, offering great potential to expand our armamentarium against drug-resistant fungal infections and NTDs targeted for elimination by 2030. Overall, the discovery of these new compounds with broad-spectrum activity opens new avenues for the development of treatments for several current human infections, either caused by fungi or by parasites, including other NTDs, as well as newly emerging diseases.

ONE-SENTENCE SUMMARYSimple derivatives of the well-known antifungal drug fluconazole were found to be highly effective in vivo against fungal infections, and also potent against the parasitic nematode Brugia, which causes lymphatic filariasis and against Trichuris, one of the soil-transmitted helminths that infects millions of people globally.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bulman, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vinck, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Beirne, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moser, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tricoche, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peguero, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urban, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Pape, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pagniez, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moretto, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weil, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lustigman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cariou, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitreva, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sakanari, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gasser, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.28.546819</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discovery of New Broad-Spectrum Anti-Infectives for Eukaryotic Pathogens Using Bioorganometallic Chemistry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.30.547169v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Post-exposure intranasal IFNα suppresses replication and neuroinvasion of Venezualen Equine Encephalitis virus within olfactory sensory neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.30.547169v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis virus (VEEV) may enter the central nervous system (CNS) within olfactory sensory neurons (OSN) that originate in the nasal cavity after intranasal exposure. While it is known that VEEV has evolved several mechanisms to inhibit type I interferon (IFN) signaling within infected cells, whether this inhibits virologic control during neuroinvasion along OSN has not been studied. Here, we utilized an established murine model of intranasal infection with VEEV to assess the cellular targets and IFN signaling responses after VEEV exposure. We found that immature OSN, which express higher levels of the VEEV receptor LDLRAD3 than mature OSN, are the first cells infected by VEEV. Despite rapid VEEV neuroinvasion after intranasal exposure, olfactory neuroepithelium (ONE) and olfactory bulb (OB) IFN responses, as assessed by evaluation of expression of interferon signaling genes (ISG), are delayed for up to 48 hours during VEEV neuroinvasion, representing a potential therapeutic window. Indeed, a single intranasal dose of recombinant IFN triggers early ISG expression in both the nasal cavity and OB. When administered at the time of or early after infection, IFN treatment delayed onset of sequelae associated with encephalitis and extended survival by several days. VEEV replication after IFN treatment was also transiently suppressed in the ONE, which inhibited subsequent invasion into the CNS. Our results demonstrate a critical and promising first evaluation of intranasal IFN for the treatment of human encephalitic alphavirus exposures.

AUTHOR SUMMARYVenezuelan Equine Encephalitis virus (VEEV) may enter the brain through the nasal cavity upon intranasal exposure. The nasal cavity normally displays brisk antiviral immune responses, thus it is unclear why this type of exposure leads to fatal VEEV infection. Using an established murine model of intranasal infection with VEEV we identified the initial targets of infection within the nasal cavity and found that antiviral immune responses to virus at this site and during brain infection are delayed for up to 48 hours. Thus, administration of a single intranasal dose of recombinant IFN at the time of or early after infection improved early antiviral immune responses and suppressed viral replication, which delayed onset of brain infection and extended survival by several days. VEEV replication after IFN treatment was also transiently suppressed in the nasal cavity, which inhibited subsequent invasion into the CNS. Our results demonstrate a critical and promising first evaluation of intranasal IFN for the treatment of human VEEV exposures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Klein, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cain, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.30.547169</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Post-exposure intranasal IFNα suppresses replication and neuroinvasion of Venezualen Equine Encephalitis virus within olfactory sensory neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.29.547088v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Electrophysiology of human iPSC-derived vascular smooth muscle cells and cell autonomous consequences of Cantu Syndrome mutations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.29.547088v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveCantu Syndrome (CS), a multisystem disease with a complex cardiovascular phenotype, is caused by GoF variants in the Kir6.1/SUR2 subunits of ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels, and is characterized by low systemic vascular resistance, as well as tortuous, dilated vessels, and decreased pulse-wave velocity. Thus, CS vascular dysfunction is multifactorial, with distinct hypomyotonic and hyperelastic components. To dissect whether such complexities arise cell-autonomously within vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), or as secondary responses to the pathophysiological milieu, we assessed electrical properties and gene expression in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived VSMCs (hiPSC-VSMCs), differentiated from control and CS patient-derived hiPSCs, and in native mouse control and CS VSMCs.

Approach and ResultsWhole-cell voltage-clamp of isolated aortic and mesenteric VSMCs isolated from wild type (WT) and Kir6.1[V65M] (CS) mice revealed no difference in voltage-gated K+ (Kv) or Ca2+ currents. Kv and Ca2+ currents were also not different between validated hiPSC-VSMCs differentiated from control and CS patient-derived hiPSCs. Pinacidil-sensitive KATP currents in control hiPSC-VSMCs were consistent with those in WT mouse VSMCs, and were considerably larger in CS hiPSC-VSMCs. Consistent with lack of any compensatory modulation of other currents, this resulted in membrane hyperpolarization, explaining the hypomyotonic basis of CS vasculopathy. Increased compliance and dilation in isolated CS mouse aortae, was associated with increased elastin mRNA expression. This was consistent with higher levels of elastin mRNA in CS hiPSC-VSMCs, suggesting that the hyperelastic component of CS vasculopathy is a cell-autonomous consequence of vascular KATP GoF.

ConclusionsThe results show that hiPSC-VSMCs reiterate expression of the same major ion currents as primary VSMCs, validating the use of these cells to study vascular disease. The results further indicate that both the hypomyotonic and hyperelastic components of CS vasculopathy are cell-autonomous phenomena driven by KATP overactivity within VSMCs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hanson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McClenaghan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weng, K.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colijn, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stratman, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halabi, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grange, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nichols, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.29.547088</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Electrophysiology of human iPSC-derived vascular smooth muscle cells and cell autonomous consequences of Cantu Syndrome mutations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.30.547166v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fetal daily rhythms develop during pregnancy and entrain to the maternal circadian system 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.30.547166v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Circadian rhythms in gene expression and hormones are ubiquitous across species and differentiated cell types. This study aimed to determine when daily rhythms begin in the fetus and synchronize to the mother. We developed methods to monitor the expression of fetal PERIOD2 (PER2), a core circadian clock protein, in mice longitudinally from embryonic day (E)8.5 to E17.5 through in utero bioluminescence imaging. We found that embryonic PER2 expression increased rapidly throughout pregnancy and exhibited day-night rhythms from the start of our recordings at E8.5. The daily peak time of PER2 varied between pregnancies until it reliably peaked at night and synchronized to the mother starting around E15.5. Loss of fetal circadian rhythms associated with pregnancies that ultimately failed. Because maternal glucocorticoids have been implicated in fetal development and synchronizing circadian tissues, we tested their sufficiency to shift fetal daily rhythms in utero. Daily glucocorticoids injections over five days of late pregnancy advanced fetal PER2 rhythms in utero and blocking glucocorticoid signaling in vitro reduced PER2 synchrony between the maternal and fetal placenta by [~]40%. We conclude that fetal daily rhythms arise early in pregnancy and then synchronize with the maternal rhythm prior to birth depending, in part, on glucocorticoid signaling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bates, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sapiro, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amme, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCarthy, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nikhil, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Speck, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasireddy, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin-Fairey, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dominguez-Romero, M.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia Cardenas, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>England, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herzog, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.30.547166</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fetal daily rhythms develop during pregnancy and entrain to the maternal circadian system]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.30.547219v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Labile assembly of a tardigrade protein induces biostasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.30.547219v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tardigrades are microscopic animals that survive desiccation by inducing biostasis. To survive drying tardigrades rely on intrinsically disordered CAHS proteins that form gels. However, the sequence features and mechanisms underlying gel formation and the necessity of gelation for protection have not been demonstrated. Here we report a mechanism of gelation for CAHS D similar to that of intermediate filaments. We show that gelation restricts molecular motion, immobilizing and protecting labile material from the harmful effects of drying. In vivo, we observe that CAHS D forms fiber-like condensates during osmotic stress. Condensation of CAHS D improves survival of osmotically shocked cells through at least two mechanisms: reduction of cell volume change and reduction of metabolic activity. Importantly, condensation of CAHS D is reversible and metabolic rates return to control levels after CAHS condensates are resolved. This work provides insights into how tardigrades induce biostasis through the self-assembly of CAHS gels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sanchez-Martinez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biswas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicholson, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romanyuk, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>KC, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akter, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Childs, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Usher, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ginell, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gollub, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malferrari, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Francia, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venturoli, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caporaletti, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giubertoni, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woutersen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sukenik, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woolfson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boothby, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.30.547219</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Labile assembly of a tardigrade protein induces biostasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.01.547328v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A bistable inhibitory OptoGPCR for multiplexed optogenetic control of neural circuits 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.01.547328v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Information is transmitted between brain regions through the release of neurotransmitters from long-range projecting axons. Understanding how the activity of such long-range connections contributes to behavior requires efficient methods for reversibly manipulating their function. Chemogenetic and optogenetic tools, acting through endogenous G-protein coupled receptor (GPCRs) pathways, can be used to modulate synaptic transmission, but existing tools are limited in sensitivity, spatiotemporal precision, or spectral multiplexing capabilities. Here we systematically evaluated multiple bistable opsins for optogenetic applications and found that the Platynereis dumerilii ciliary opsin (PdCO) is an efficient, versatile, light-activated bistable GPCR that can suppress synaptic transmission in mammalian neurons with high temporal precision in-vivo. PdCO has superior biophysical properties that enable spectral multiplexing with other optogenetic actuators and reporters. We demonstrate that PdCO can be used to conduct reversible loss-of-function experiments in long-range projections of behaving animals, thereby enabling detailed synapse-specific functional circuit mapping.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wietek, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nozownik, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pulin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saraf-Sinik, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matosevich, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dine, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levy, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Litvin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Regev, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subramaniam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bitton, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benjamin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Copits, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasse, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rost, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmitz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soba, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nir, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiegert, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yizhar, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.01.547328</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A bistable inhibitory OptoGPCR for multiplexed optogenetic control of neural circuits]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.02.547385v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Homologous mutations in β, embryonic, and perinatal muscle myosins have divergent effects on molecular power generation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.02.547385v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mutations at a highly conserved homologous residue in three closely related muscle myosins cause three distinct diseases involving muscle defects: R671C in {beta}-cardiac myosin causes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, R672C and R672H in embryonic skeletal myosin cause Freeman Sheldon syndrome, and R674Q in perinatal skeletal myosin causes trismus- pseudocamptodactyly syndrome. It is not known if their effects at the molecular level are similar to one another or correlate with disease phenotype and severity. To this end, we investigated the effects of the homologous mutations on key factors of molecular power production using recombinantly expressed human {beta}, embryonic, and perinatal myosin subfragment-1. We found large effects in the developmental myosins, with the most dramatic in perinatal, but minimal effects in {beta} myosin, and magnitude of changes correlated partially with clinical severity. The mutations in the developmental myosins dramatically decreased the step size and load-sensitive actin-detachment rate of single molecules measured by optical tweezers, in addition to decreasing ATPase cycle rate. In contrast, the only measured effect of R671C in {beta} myosin was a larger step size. Our measurements of step size and bound times predicted velocities consistent with those measured in an in vitro motility assay. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations predicted that the arginine to cysteine mutation in embryonic, but not {beta}, myosin may reduce pre-powerstroke lever arm priming and ADP pocket opening, providing a possible structural mechanism consistent with the experimental observations. This paper presents the first direct comparisons of homologous mutations in several different myosin isoforms, whose divergent functional effects are yet another testament to myosins highly allosteric nature.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karabina, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meller, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharjee, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agostino, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruppel, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spudich, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leinwand, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.02.547385</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Homologous mutations in β, embryonic, and perinatal muscle myosins have divergent effects on molecular power generation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.03.547544v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Crowder titrations enable the quantification of driving forces for macromolecular phase separation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.03.547544v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Macromolecular solubility is an important contributor to the driving forces for phase separation. Formally, the driving forces in a binary mixture comprising a macromolecule dissolved in a solvent can be quantified in terms of the saturation concentration, which is the threshold macromolecular concentration above which the mixture separates into coexisting dense and dilute phases. Additionally, the second virial coefficient, which measures the effective strength of solvent-mediated intermolecular interactions provides direct assessments of solvent quality. The sign and magnitude of second virial coefficients will be governed by a combination of solution conditions and the nature of the macromolecule of interest. Here, we show, using a combination of theory, simulation, and in vitro experiments, that titrations of crowders, providing they are true depletants, can be used to extract the intrinsic driving forces for macromolecular phase separation. This refers to saturation concentrations in the absence of crowders and the second virial coefficients that quantify the magnitude of the incompatibility between macromolecules and the solvent. Our results show how the depletion-mediated attractions afforded by crowders can be leveraged to obtain comparative assessments of macromolecule-specific, intrinsic driving forces for phase separation.

SIGNIFICANCEPhase separation has emerged as a process of significant relevance to sorting macromolecules into distinct compartments, thereby enabling spatial and temporal control over cellular matter. Considerable effort is being invested into uncovering the driving forces that enable the separation of macromolecular solutions into coexisting phases. At its heart, this process is governed by the balance of macromolecule-solvent, inter-macromolecule, and solvent-solvent interactions. We show that the driving forces for phase separation, including the coefficients that measure interaction strengths between macromolecules, can be extracted by titrating the concentrations of crowders that enable macromolecules to phase separate at lower concentrations. Our work paves the way to leverage specific categories of measurements for quantitative characterizations of driving forces for phase separation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chauhan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bremer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dar, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mittag, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.03.547544</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Crowder titrations enable the quantification of driving forces for macromolecular phase separation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.03.547571v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Subcellular pathways through VG3 amacrine cells provide regionally tuned object-motion-selective signals in mouse retina. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.03.547571v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We combined subcellular calcium imaging and connectomic reconstruction to understand the flow of information through a plexus of excitatory VGluT3-expressing mouse retinal amacrine cells (VG3s). We found that VG3s received inputs from all nearby bipolar cell types but exhibited a strong preference for the fast type 3a bipolar cells. We used our connectivity map and physiological recordings to predict the influence of these bipolar cells on different types of RGCs innervated by VG3s and found that the depth of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) dendritic arbor stratification determined the RGCs view of bipolar cells through the VG3 plexus. We also found that both VG3s and their RGC targets were often innervated by the same bipolar cells. RGCs that extend processes into the middle layers of the inner plexiform layer, therefore, encounter a plexus of small object motion selective glutamatergic excitation that is complementary to the local bipolar cell input.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Friedrichsen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsiang, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCoy, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valkova, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerschensteiner, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morgan, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.03.547571</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Subcellular pathways through VG3 amacrine cells provide regionally tuned object-motion-selective signals in mouse retina.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.03.547580v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Divergent Molecular Phenotypes in Point Mutations at the Same Residue in Beta-Myosin Heavy Chain Lead to Distinct Cardiomyopathies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.03.547580v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In genetic cardiomyopathies, a frequently described phenomenon is how similar mutations in one protein can lead to discrete clinical phenotypes. One example is illustrated by two mutations in beta myosin heavy chain ({beta}-MHC) that are linked to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) (Ile467Val, I467V) and left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) (Ile467Thr, I467T). To investigate how these missense mutations lead to independent diseases, we studied the molecular effects of each mutation using recombinant human {beta}-MHC Subfragment 1 (S1) in vitro assays. Both HCM-I467V and LVNC-I467T S1 mutations exhibited similar mechanochemical functions, including unchanged ATPase and enhanced actin velocity but had distinct effects on the basal activity of myosin. HCM-I467V S1 showed no change in basal ATPase activity of myosin while LVNC-I467T reduced the basal ATPase activity by 50%. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that I467T allosterically disrupts nucleotide binding of myosin, which may contribute to the uncoupled reduced basal activity and enhanced actin velocity observed in this mutation. These contrasting molecular effects may lead to contractile dysregulation that initiates LVNC-associated signaling pathways that progress the phenotype. Together, analysis of these mutations provides evidence that phenotypic complexity originates at the molecular level and is critical to understanding disease progression and developing therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lehman, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meller, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solieva, S. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lotthammer, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenberg, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langer, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenberg, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tardiff, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leinwand, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.03.547580</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Divergent Molecular Phenotypes in Point Mutations at the Same Residue in Beta-Myosin Heavy Chain Lead to Distinct Cardiomyopathies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.04.547688v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional variations in gamma-secretase activity are critical determinants of the clinical, biomarker, and cognitive progression of autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.04.547688v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe balance between production, clearance, and toxicity of A{beta} peptides is central to Alzheimers disease (AD) pathobiology. Though highly variable in terms of age at symptom onset (AAO), hundreds of variants in PSEN1 cause autosomal dominant forms of AD (ADAD) with nearly complete penetrance. PSEN1 forms the catalytic core of the {gamma}-secretase complex and thereby directly mediates the production of longer, aggregation-prone A{beta} peptides relative to shorter, non-aggregating peptides. We hypothesized that the broad AAO and biomarker heterogeneity seen across ADAD would be predictable based on mutation-specific differences in the production of A{beta} species.

MethodsA{beta}-37, 38, 40, 42, and 43 production was quantified from 161 unique PSEN1 variants expressed in HEK293 cells. Prediction of AAO was carried out in 106 variants with available AAO and then replicated in 55 variants represented across 190 PSEN1 mutation carriers who have detailed cognitive and biomarker data from the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimers Network (DIAN).

ResultsVariations in A{beta} production across the 161 mutations examined in cell-based models were highly predictive of AAO. In those with corresponding in vivo data from the DIAN study, our cell-based {gamma}-secretase composite was strongly associated with biomarker and cognitive trajectories.

ConclusionsThese findings elucidate the critical link between {gamma}-secretase function, A{beta} production, and AD progression and offer mechanistic support for the amyloid hypothesis. The approach used here represents a powerful tool to account for heterogeneity in disease progression in ADAD clinical trials and to assess the pathogenicity of variants of unknown significance or with limited family history.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schultz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schultz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitzpatrick, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bellier, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shirzadi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathurin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benzinger, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Day, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farlow, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hassenstab, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jack, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jucker, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karch, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perrin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schofield, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDade, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bateman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sperling, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Selkoe, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chhatwal, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer's Network Investigators,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.04.547688</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional variations in gamma-secretase activity are critical determinants of the clinical, biomarker, and cognitive progression of autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.04.547740v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Harmonized cross-species cell atlases of trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.04.547740v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Peripheral sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and trigeminal ganglion (TG) are specialized to detect and transduce diverse environmental stimuli including touch, temperature, and pain to the central nervous system. Recent advances in single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) have provided new insights into the diversity of sensory ganglia cell types in rodents, non-human primates, and humans, but it remains difficult to compare transcriptomically defined cell types across studies and species. Here, we built cross-species harmonized atlases of DRG and TG cell types that describe 18 neuronal and 11 non-neuronal cell types across 6 species and 19 studies. We then demonstrate the utility of this harmonized reference atlas by using it to annotate newly profiled DRG nuclei/cells from both human and the highly regenerative axolotl. We observe that the transcriptomic profiles of sensory neuron subtypes are broadly similar across vertebrates, but the expression of functionally important neuropeptides and channels can vary notably. The new resources and data presented here can guide future studies in comparative transcriptomics, simplify cell type nomenclature differences across studies, and help prioritize targets for future pain therapy development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bhuiyan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Semizoglou, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhatia, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pantaleo, K. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tochitsky, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erdogan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blair, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cat, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mwirigi, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sankaranarayanan, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tavares-Ferreira, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McIlvried, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Copits, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertels, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Del Rosario, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Widman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slivicki, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woolf, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lennerz, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whited, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Price, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gereau, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renthal, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.04.547740</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Harmonized cross-species cell atlases of trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.06.547991v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Myeloid cell activation during Zika virus encephalitis predicts recovery of functional cortical connectivity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.06.547991v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurologic complications of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection across the lifespan have been described during outbreaks in Southeast Asia, South America, and Central America since 2016. In the adult CNS ZIKV tropism for neurons is tightly linked to its effects, with neuronal loss within the hippocampus during acute infection and protracted synapse loss during recovery, which is associated with cognitive deficits. The effects of ZIKV on cortical networks have not been evaluated. Although animal behavior assays have been used previously to model cognitive impairment, in vivo brain imaging can provide orthogonal information regarding the health of brain networks in real time, providing a tool to translate findings in animal models to humans. In this study, we use widefield optical imaging to measure cortical functional connectivity (FC) in mice during acute infection with, and recovery from, intracranial infection with a mouse-adapted strain of ZIKV. Acute ZIKV infection leads to high levels of myeloid cell activation, with loss of neurons and presynaptic termini in the cerebral cortex and associated loss of FC primarily within the somatosensory cortex. During recovery, neuron numbers, synapses and FC recover to levels near those of healthy mice. However, hippocampal injury and impaired spatial cognition persist. The magnitude of activated myeloid cells during acute infection predicted both recovery of synapses and the degree of FC recovery after recovery from ZIKV infection. These findings suggest that a robust inflammatory response may contribute to the health of functional brain networks after recovery from infection.

Significance StatementDetermining the long-term cognitive impact of infections is clinically challenging. We found that the degree of myeloid cell activation correlated with the degree of recovery of functional connectivity after recovery from ZIKV encephalitis. Using functional cortical connectivity, we demonstrate that interhemispheric cortical connectivity is decreased in individuals with acute ZIKV encephalitis. This correlates with decreased presynaptic terminals in the somatosensory cortex. During recovery from ZIKV infection, presynaptic terminals recover, which is associated with recovered interhemispheric connectivity. This suggests a role for activated myeloid cells in maintenance of cognition and further supports the contribution of synapses in the cortex to functional networks in the brain, which can be detected by widefield optical imaging. These findings also suggest neuroinflammation may play a neuroprotective role in addition to aiding in local virologic control.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Agner, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brier, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hill, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, E. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bice, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahn, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Culver, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.06.547991</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Myeloid cell activation during Zika virus encephalitis predicts recovery of functional cortical connectivity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.06.548010v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Helicity of a tardigrade disordered protein promotes desiccation tolerance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.06.548010v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In order to survive extreme drying (anhydrobiosis), many organisms, spanning every kingdom of life, accumulate intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). For decades, the ability of anhydrobiosis-related IDPs to form transient amphipathic helices has been suggested to be important for promoting desiccation tolerance. However, evidence empirically supporting the necessity and/or sufficiency of helicity in mediating anhydrobiosis is lacking. Here we demonstrate that the linker region of CAHS D, a desiccation-related IDP from tardigrades that contains significant helical structure, is the protective portion of this protein. Perturbing the sequence composition and grammar of the linker region of CAHS D, through the insertion of helix-breaking prolines, modulating the identity of charged residues, sequence scrambling, or replacement of hydrophobic amino acids with serine or glycine residues results in variants with different degrees of helical structure. Importantly, the resulting helicity of these variants generated through similar helix breaking modalities correlates strongly with their ability to promote desiccation tolerance, providing direct evidence that helical structure is necessary for robust protection conferred by this desiccation-related IDP. However, correlation of protective capacity and helical content in variants generated through different helix perturbing modalities do not show as strong a trend, suggesting that while helicity is important it is not the only property that makes a protein protective during desiccation. These results provide direct evidence for the decades old theory that helicity of desiccation-related IDPs is linked to their anhydrobiotic capacity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Biswas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gollub, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ginell, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sukenik, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boothby, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.06.548010</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Helicity of a tardigrade disordered protein promotes desiccation tolerance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.07.548155v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spared nerve injury causes motor phenotypes unrelated to pain in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.07.548155v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most animal models of neuropathic pain use targeted nerve injuries quantified with motor reflexive measures in response to an applied noxious stimulus. These motor reflexive measures can only accurately represent a pain response if motor function in also intact. The commonly used spared nerve injury (SNI) model, however, damages the tibial and common peroneal nerves that should result in motor phenotypes (i.e., an immobile or "flail" foot) not typically captured in sensory assays. To test the extent of these issues, we used DeepLabCut, a deep learning-based markerless pose estimation tool to quantify spontaneous limb position in C57BL/6J mice during tail suspension following either SNI or sham surgery. Using this granular detail, we identified the expected flail foot-like impairment, but we also found SNI mice hold their injured limb closer to the body midline compared to shams. These phenotypes were not present in the Complete Freunds Adjuvant model of inflammatory pain and were not reversed by multiple analgesics with different mechanisms of action, suggesting these SNI-specific phenotypes are not directly related to pain. Together these results suggest SNI causes previously undescribed phenotypes unrelated to altered sensation that are likely underappreciated while interpreting preclinical pain research outcomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Norris, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunn, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aravamuthan, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCall, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.07.548155</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spared nerve injury causes motor phenotypes unrelated to pain in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.11.548536v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Patterns of recombination in snakes reveal a tug of war between PRDM9 and promoter-like features 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.11.548536v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In vertebrates, there are two known mechanisms by which meiotic recombination is directed to the genome: in humans, mice, and other mammals, recombination occurs almost exclusively where the protein PRDM9 binds, while in species lacking an intact PRDM9, such as birds and canids, recombination rates are elevated near promoter-like features. To test if PRDM9 also directs recombination in non-mammalian vertebrates, we focused on an exemplar species, the corn snake (Pantherophis guttatus). Unlike birds, this species possesses a single, intact PRDM9 ortholog. By inferring historical recombination rates along the genome from patterns of linkage disequilibrium and identifying crossovers in pedigrees, we found that PRDM9 specifies the location of recombination events outside of mammals. However, we also detected an independent effect of promoter-like features on recombination, which is more pronounced on macrothan microchromosomes. Thus, our findings reveal that the uses of PRDM9 and promoter-like features are not mutually-exclusive, and instead reflect a tug of war, which varies in strength along the genome and is more lopsided in some species than others.

One sentence summaryWhile the localization of meiotic recombination in vertebrates was previously thought to occur using one of two distinct mechanisms, our analysis of recombination in corn snakes reveals that they and likely other vertebrates use both of these mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hoge, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Manuel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahgoub, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okami, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuller, Z. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mcnulty, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andolfatto, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macfarlan, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schumer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tzika, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Przeworski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.11.548536</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Patterns of recombination in snakes reveal a tug of war between PRDM9 and promoter-like features]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.11.548571v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Improved Protocol for Reproducible Human Cortical Organoids Reveals Early Alterations in Metabolism with MAPT Mutations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.11.548571v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cerebral cortical-enriched organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are valuable models for studying neurodevelopment, disease mechanisms, and therapeutic development. However, recognized limitations include the high variability of organoids across hPSC donor lines and experimental replicates. We report a 96-slitwell method for efficient, scalable, reproducible cortical organoid production. When hPSCs were cultured with controlled-release FGF2 and an SB431542 concentration appropriate for their TGFBR1/ALK5 expression level, organoid cortical patterning and reproducibility were significantly improved. Well-patterned organoids included 16 neuronal and glial subtypes by single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), frequent neural progenitor rosettes and robust BCL11B+ and TBR1+ deep layer cortical neurons at 2 months by immunohistochemistry. In contrast, poorly-patterned organoids contain mesendoderm-related cells, identifiable by negative QC markers including COL1A2. Using this improved protocol, we demonstrate increased sensitivity to study the impact of different MAPT mutations from patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD), revealing early changes in key metabolic pathways.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bertucci, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowles, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lotz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevens, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goderie, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borden, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oja, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lane, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lotz, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lotz, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chowdhury, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arduini, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butler, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baron, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandhof, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haggarty, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karch, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geschwind, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goate, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Temple, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.11.548571</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Improved Protocol for Reproducible Human Cortical Organoids Reveals Early Alterations in Metabolism with MAPT Mutations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.12.548682v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanisms of Innate Immune Injury in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.12.548682v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF{kappa}B) signaling prevents disease in Dsg2mut/mut mice, a model of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM). Moreover, NF{kappa}B is activated in ACM patient-derived iPSC-cardiac myocytes under basal conditions in vitro. Here, we used genetic approaches and sequencing studies to define the relative pathogenic roles of immune signaling in cardiac myocytes vs. inflammatory cells in Dsg2mut/mutmice. We found that NF{kappa}B signaling in cardiac myocytes drives myocardial injury, contractile dysfunction, and arrhythmias in Dsg2mut/mut mice. It does this by mobilizing cells expressing C-C motif chemokine receptor-2 (CCR2+ cells) to the heart, where they mediate myocardial injury and arrhythmias. Contractile dysfunction in Dsg2mut/mut mice is caused both by loss of heart muscle and negative inotropic effects of inflammation in viable muscle. Single nucleus RNA sequencing and cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitomes (CITE-seq) studies revealed marked pro-inflammatory changes in gene expression and the cellular landscape in hearts of Dsg2mut/mut mice involving cardiac myocytes, fibroblasts and CCR2+ cells. Changes in gene expression in cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts in Dsg2mut/mutmice were modulated by actions of CCR2+ cells. These results highlight complex mechanisms of immune injury and regulatory crosstalk between cardiac myocytes, inflammatory cells, and fibroblasts in the pathogenesis of ACM.

BRIEF SUMMARYWe have uncovered a therapeutically targetable innate immune mechanism regulating myocardial injury and cardiac function in a clinically relevant mouse model of Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy (ACM).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chelko, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penna, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landim-Vieira, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cannon, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavine, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saffitz, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.12.548682</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanisms of Innate Immune Injury in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.13.548920v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dual Membrane-Sspanning Anti-Sigma Factors Regulate Vesiculation in Gut Bacteroidota 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.13.548920v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacteroidota are abundant members of the human gut microbiota that shape the enteric landscape by modulating host immunity and degrading dietary- and host-derived glycans. These processes are at least partially mediated by Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs). In this work, we developed a high-throughput screen to identify genes required for OMV biogenesis and its regulation in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Bt). Our screening led us to the identification of a novel family of Dual Membrane-spanning Anti-sigma factors (Dma), which regulate OMV biogenesis in Bt. We employed molecular and multiomic analyses to demonstrate that deletion of Dma1, the founding member of the Dma family, results in hypervesiculation by modulating the expression of NigD1, which belongs to a family of uncharacterized proteins found throughout Bacteroidota. Dma1 has an unprecedented domain organization: it contains a C-terminal {beta}-barrel embedded in the OM; its N-terminal domain interacts with its cognate sigma factor in the cytoplasm, and both domains are tethered via an intrinsically disordered region that traverses the periplasm. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that the Dma family is a unique feature of Bacteroidota. This study provides the first mechanistic insights into the regulation of OMV biogenesis in human gut bacteria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pardue, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sartorio, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jana, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beatty, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ortiz-Marquez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Opijnen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, F.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Potter, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feldman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.13.548920</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dual Membrane-Sspanning Anti-Sigma Factors Regulate Vesiculation in Gut Bacteroidota]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.13.548697v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In vivo single-cell CRISPR uncovers distinct TNF-alphaprograms in clonal expansion and tumorigenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.13.548697v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The tumor evolution model posits that malignant transformation is preceded by randomly distributed driver mutations in cancer genes, which cause clonal expansions in phenotypically normal tissues. Although clonal expansions occur frequently in human epithelia and can remodel almost entire tissues, the mechanisms behind why only a small number of clones transform into malignant tumors remain enigmatic. Here, we develop an in vivo single-cell CRISPR strategy to systematically investigate tissue-wide clonal dynamics of the 150 most frequently mutated squamous cell carcinoma genes. We couple ultrasound-guided in utero lentiviral microinjections, single-cell RNA sequencing, guide capture and spatial transcriptomics to longitudinally monitor cell type-specific clonal expansions, document their underlying gene programs and contrast clonal expansions from tumor initiation. We uncover a TNF- signaling module that acts as a generalizable driver of clonal expansions in epithelial tissues. Conversely, during tumorigenesis, the TNF- signaling module is downregulated, and instead, we identify a subpopulation of invasive cancer cells that switch to an autocrine TNF- gene program. By analyzing clonally expanded perturbations and their frequency in tumors, we demonstrate that the autocrine TNF- gene program is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and is preexistent in a subpopulation of expanded epidermal stem cells, contributing to the predisposition for tumor initiation. Finally, we provide in vivo evidence that the epithelial TNF- gene program is sufficient to mediate invasive properties of epidermal stem cells and show that the TNF- signature correlates with shorter overall survival in human squamous cell carcinoma patients. Collectively, our study demonstrates the power of applying in vivo single-cell CRISPR screening to mammalian tissues and unveils distinct TNF- programs in tumor evolution. Understanding the biology of clonal expansions in phenotypically normal epithelia and the mechanisms governing their transformation will guide the development of novel strategies for early cancer detection and therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Renz, P. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghoshdastider, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baghai Sain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valdivia-Francia, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khandekar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ormiston, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernasconi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kretz, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyams, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forny, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pohly, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ficht, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellis, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moor, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sendoel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.13.548697</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In vivo single-cell CRISPR uncovers distinct TNF-alphaprograms in clonal expansion and tumorigenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.15.549141v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Disrupting actin filaments enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion independent of the cortical actin cytoskeleton 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.15.549141v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Just under the plasma membrane of most animal cells lies a dense meshwork of actin filaments called the cortical cytoskeleton. In insulin-secreting pancreatic {beta} cells, a longstanding model posits that the cortical actin layer primarily acts to restrict access of insulin granules to the plasma membrane. Here we test this model and find that stimulating {beta} cells with pro-secretory stimuli (glucose and/or KCl) has little impact on the cortical actin layer. Chemical perturbations of actin polymerization, by either disrupting or enhancing filamentation, dramatically enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. We find that this enhancement does not correlate with the state of the cortical actin layer, suggesting filament disruptors act on insulin secretion independently of the cortical cytoskeleton.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Polino, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, X. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rooks, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piston, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.15.549141</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Disrupting actin filaments enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion independent of the cortical actin cytoskeleton]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.14.549110v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
POPSHIFT: A THERMODYNAMICALLY SOUND APPROACH TO ESTIMATE BINDING FREE ENERGIES BY ACCOUNTING FOR LIGAND-INDUCED POPULATION SHIFTS FROM A LIGAND-FREE MSM 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.14.549110v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Obtaining accurate binding free energies from in silico screens has been a longstanding goal for the computational chemistry community. However, accuracy and computational cost are at odds with one another, limiting the utility of methods that perform this type of calculation. Many methods achieve massive scale by explicitly or implicitly assuming that the target protein adopts a single structure, or undergoes limited fluctuations around that structure, to minimize computational cost. Others simulate each protein-ligand complex of interest, accepting lower throughput in exchange for better predictions of binding affinities. Here, we present the PopShift framework for accounting for the ensemble of structures a protein adopts and their relative probabilities. Protein degrees of freedom are enumerated once, and then arbitrarily many molecules can be screened against this ensemble. Specifically, we use Markov state models (MSMs) as a compressed representation of a proteins thermodynamic ensemble. We start with a ligand-free MSM and then calculate how addition of a ligand shifts the populations of each protein conformational state based on the strength of the interaction between that protein conformation and the ligand. In this work we use docking to estimate the affinity between a given protein structure and ligand, but any estimator of binding affinities could be used in the PopShift framework. We test PopShift on the classic benchmark pocket T4 Lysozyme L99A. We find that PopShift is more accurate than common strategies, such as docking to a single structure and traditional ensemble docking--producing results that compare favorably with alchemical binding free energy calculations in terms of RMSE but not correlation--and may have a more favorable computational cost profile in some applications. In addition to predicting binding free energies and ligand poses, PopShift also provides insight into how the probability of different protein structures is shifted upon addition of various concentrations of ligand, providing a platform for predicting affinities and allosteric effects of ligand binding. Therefore, we expect PopShift will be valuable for hit finding and for providing insight into phenomena like allostery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Smith, L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novak, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osato, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mobley, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.14.549110</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[POPSHIFT: A THERMODYNAMICALLY SOUND APPROACH TO ESTIMATE BINDING FREE ENERGIES BY ACCOUNTING FOR LIGAND-INDUCED POPULATION SHIFTS FROM A LIGAND-FREE MSM]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.17.549402v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The ACE-inhibitor drug captopril inhibits ACN-1 to control dauer formation and aging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.17.549402v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a well-characterized role regulating blood pressure in mammals. Pharmacological and genetic manipulation of the RAAS has been shown to extend lifespan in C. elegans, Drosophila, and rodents, but its mechanism is not well defined. Here we investigate the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor drug captopril, which extends lifespan in worms and mice. To investigate the mechanism, we performed a forward genetic screen for captopril hypersensitive mutants. We identified a missense mutation that causes a partial loss-of-function of the daf-2 receptor tyrosine kinase gene, a powerful regulator of aging. The homologous mutation in the human insulin receptor causes Donohue syndrome, establishing these mutant worms as an invertebrate model of this disease. Captopril functions in C. elegans by inhibiting ACN-1, the worm homolog of ACE. Reducing the activity of acn-1 via captopril or RNAi promoted dauer larvae formation, suggesting acn-1 is a daf gene. Captopril-mediated lifespan extension xwas abrogated by daf-16(lf) and daf-12(lf) mutations. Our results indicate that captopril and acn-1 control aging by modulating dauer formation pathways. We speculate that this represents a conserved mechanism of lifespan control.

Summary StatementCaptopril and acn-1 control aging. By demonstrating they regulate dauer formation and interact with daf genes, including a new DAF-2(A261V) mutant corresponding to a human disease variant, we clarified the mechanism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Egan, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pohl, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adodo, I. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunt, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiu, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scharf, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mosley, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneider, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujiwara, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, F.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kornfeld, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.17.549402</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The ACE-inhibitor drug captopril inhibits ACN-1 to control dauer formation and aging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.18.549527v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A modular chemigenetic calcium indicator enables in vivo functional imaging with near-infrared light 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.18.549527v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetically encoded fluorescent calcium indicators have revolutionized neuroscience and other biological fields by allowing cellular-resolution recording of physiology during behavior. However, we currently lack bright, genetically targetable indicators in the near infrared that can be used in animals. Here, we describe WHaloCaMP, a modular chemigenetic calcium indicator built from bright dye-ligands and protein sensor domains that can be genetically targeted to specific cell populations. Fluorescence change in WHaloCaMP results from reversible quenching of the bound dye via a strategically placed tryptophan. WHaloCaMP is compatible with rhodamine dye-ligands that fluoresce from green to near-infrared, including several dye-ligands that efficiently label the central nervous system in animals. When bound to a near-infrared dye-ligand, WHaloCaMP1a is more than twice as bright as jGCaMP8s, and shows a 7x increase in fluorescence intensity and a 2.1 ns increase in fluorescence lifetime upon calcium binding. We use WHaloCaMP1a with near-infrared fluorescence emission to image Ca2+ responses in flies and mice, to perform three-color multiplexed functional imaging of hundreds of neurons and astrocytes in zebrafish larvae, and to quantitate calcium concentration using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Farrants, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shuai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemon, W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frei, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grimm, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanson, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomaska, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stringer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beyene, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavis, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schreiter, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.18.549527</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A modular chemigenetic calcium indicator enables in vivo functional imaging with near-infrared light]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.18.549569v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The HCM-Linked Mutation Arg92Leu in TNNT2 Allosterically Alters the cTnC-cTnI Interface and Disrupts the PKA-mediated Regulation of Myofilament Relaxation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.18.549569v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundImpaired left ventricular relaxation, high filling pressures, and dysregulation of Ca2+ homeostasis are common findings contributing to diastolic dysfunction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Studies have shown that impaired relaxation is an early observation in the sarcomere-gene-positive preclinical HCM cohort which suggests potential involvement of myofilament regulators of relaxation. Yet, a molecular level understanding of mechanism(s) at the level of the myofilament is lacking. We hypothesized that mutation-specific, allosterically mediated, changes to the cardiac troponin C-cardiac troponin I (cTnC-cTnI) interface can account for the development of early-onset diastolic dysfunction via decreased PKA accessibility to cTnI.

MethodsHCM mutations R92L-cTnT (Arg92Leu) and {Delta}160E-cTnT (Glu160 deletion) were studied in vivo, in vitro, and in silico via 2D echocardiography, western blotting, ex vivo hemodynamics, stopped-flow kinetics, time resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET), and molecular dynamics simulations.

ResultsThe HCM-causative mutations R92L-cTnT and {Delta}160E-cTnT result in different time-of-onset of diastolic dysfunction. R92L-cTnT demonstrated early-onset diastolic dysfunction accompanied by a localized decrease in phosphorylation of cTnI. Constitutive phosphorylation of cTnI (cTnI-D23D24) was sufficient to recover diastolic function to Non-Tg levels only for R92L-cTnT. Mutation-specific changes in Ca2+ dissociation rates associated with R92L-cTnT reconstituted with cTnI-D23D24 led us to investigate potential involvement of structural changes in the cTnC-cTnI interface as an explanation for these observations. We probed the interface via TR-FRET revealing a repositioning of the N-terminus of cTnI, closer to cTnC, and concomitant decreases in distance distributions at sites flanking the PKA consensus sequence. Implementing TR-FRET distances as constraints into our atomistic model identified additional electrostatic interactions at the consensus sequence.

ConclusionThese data indicate that the early diastolic dysfunction observed in a subset of HCM is likely attributable to structural changes at the cTnC-cTnI interface that impair accessibility of PKA thereby blunting {beta}-adrenergic responsiveness and identifying a potential molecular target for therapeutic intervention.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lynn, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jimenez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castillo, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klass, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasquez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baldo, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tardiff, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.18.549569</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The HCM-Linked Mutation Arg92Leu in TNNT2 Allosterically Alters the cTnC-cTnI Interface and Disrupts the PKA-mediated Regulation of Myofilament Relaxation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.19.549403v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microglia at Sites of Atrophy Restrict the Progression of Retinal Degeneration via Galectin-3 and Trem2 Interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.19.549403v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Degenerative diseases of the outer retina, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), are characterized by atrophy of photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). In these blinding diseases, macrophages are known to accumulate ectopically at sites of atrophy, but their ontogeny and functional specialization within this atrophic niche remain poorly understood, especially in the human context. Here, we uncovered a transcriptionally unique profile of microglia, marked by galectin-3 upregulation, at atrophic sites in mouse models of retinal degeneration and in human AMD. Using disease models, we found that conditional deletion of galectin-3 in microglia led to defects in phagocytosis and consequent augmented photoreceptor death, RPE damage and vision loss, suggestive of a protective role.

Mechanistically, Trem2 signaling orchestrated the migration of microglial cells to sites of atrophy, and there, induced galectin-3 expression. Moreover, pharmacologic Trem2 agonization led to heightened protection, but only in a galectin-3-dependent manner, further signifying the functional interdependence of these two molecules. Likewise in elderly human subjects, we identified a highly conserved population of microglia at the transcriptomic, protein and spatial levels, and this population was enriched in the macular region of postmortem AMD subjects. Collectively, our findings reveal an atrophy-associated specialization of microglia that restricts the progression of retinal degeneration in mice and further suggest that these protective microglia are conserved in AMD.

One Sentence SummaryA common neuroprotective response of microglia at the site of retinal atrophy is identified in mice and humans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lad, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathew, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Littleton, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlepckow, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Degan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chew, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amason, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalnitsky, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowes Rickman, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Proia, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colonna, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haass, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saban, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.19.549403</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microglia at Sites of Atrophy Restrict the Progression of Retinal Degeneration via Galectin-3 and Trem2 Interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.19.549787v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
On-Demand Expansion Fluorescence and Photoacoustic Microscopy (ExFLPAM) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.19.549787v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Expansion microscopy (ExM) is a promising technology that enables nanoscale imaging on conventional optical microscopes by physically magnifying the specimens. Here, we report the development of a strategy that enables i) on-demand labeling of subcellular organelles in live cells for ExM through transfection of fluorescent proteins that are well-retained during the expansion procedure; and ii) non-fluorescent chromogenic color-development towards efficient bright-field and photoacoustic imaging in both planar and volumetric formats, which is applicable to both cultured cells and biological tissues. Compared to the conventional ExM methods, our strategy provides an expanded toolkit, which we term as expansion fluorescence and photoacoustic microscopy (ExFLPAM), by allowing on-demand fluorescent protein labeling of cultured cells, as well as non-fluorescent absorption contrast-imaging of biological samples.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mei, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bojar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rong, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.19.549787</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[On-Demand Expansion Fluorescence and Photoacoustic Microscopy (ExFLPAM)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.20.549891v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
No evidence for the association between COVID-19 and neuroinflammation: A diffusion basis spectrum imaging study. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.20.549891v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
COVID-19 remains a significant international public health concern. Yet, the mechanisms through which symptomatology emerges remain poorly understood. While SARS-CoV-2 infection may induce prolonged inflammation within the central nervous system, the evidence primarily stems from limited small-scale case investigations. To address this gap, our study capitalized on longitudinal UK Biobank neuroimaging data acquired prior to and following COVID-19 testing (N=416 including n=224 COVID-19 cases; Mage=58.6). Putative neuroinflammation was assessed in gray matter structures and white matter tracts using non-invasive Diffusion Basis Spectrum Imaging (DBSI), which estimates inflammation-related cellularity (DBSI-restricted fraction; DBSI-RF) and vasogenic edema (DBSI-hindered fraction; DBSI-HF).We hypothesized that COVID-19 case status would be associated with increases in DBSI markers after accounting for potential confound (age, sex, race, body mass index, smoking frequency, and data acquisition interval) and multiple testing.

COVID-19 case status was not significantly associated with DBSI-RF (|{beta}|s<0.28, pFDR >0.05), but with greater DBSI-HF in left pre- and post-central gyri and right middle frontal gyrus ({beta}s>0.3, all pFDR=0.03). Intriguingly, the brain areas exhibiting increased putative vasogenic edema had previously been linked to COVID-19-related functional and structural alterations, whereas brain regions displaying subtle differences in cellularity between COVID-19 cases and controls included regions within or functionally connected to the olfactory network, which has been implicated in COVID-19 psychopathology.

Nevertheless, our study might not have captured acute and transitory neuroinflammatory effects linked to SARS-CoV-2 infection, possibly due to symptom resolution before the imaging scan. Future research is warranted to explore the potential time- and symptom-dependent neuroinflammatory relationship with COVID-19.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorelik, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norton, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hershey, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bijsterbosch, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bogdan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.20.549891</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[No evidence for the association between COVID-19 and neuroinflammation: A diffusion basis spectrum imaging study.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.20.549963v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Coenyzme Q4 is a functional substitute for coenyzme Q10 and can be targeted to the mitochondria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.20.549963v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an important cofactor and antioxidant for numerous cellular processes, and its deficiency has been linked to human disorders including mitochondrial disease, heart failure, Parkinsons disease, and hypertension. Unfortunately, treatment with exogenous oral CoQ10 is often ineffective, likely due to the extreme hydrophobicity and high molecular weight of CoQ10. Here, we show that less hydrophobic CoQ species with shorter isoprenoid tails can serve as viable substitutes for CoQ10 in human cells. We demonstrate that CoQ4 can perform multiple functions of CoQ10 in CoQ-deficient cells at markedly lower treatment concentrations, motivating further investigation of CoQ4 as a supplement for CoQ10 deficiencies. In addition, we describe the synthesis and evaluation of an initial set of compounds designed to target CoQ4 selectively to mitochondria using triphenylphosphonium (TPP). Our results indicate that select versions of these compounds can successfully be delivered to mitochondria in a cell model and be cleaved to produce CoQ4, laying the groundwork for further development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Steenberge, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sung, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pagliarini, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.20.549963</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Coenyzme Q4 is a functional substitute for coenyzme Q10 and can be targeted to the mitochondria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.19.549778v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chronic striatal cholinergic interneuron excitation induces clinically-relevant dystonic behavior in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.19.549778v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dystonia is common, debilitating, often medically refractory, and difficult to diagnose. The gold standard for both clinical and mouse model dystonia evaluation is subjective assessment, ideally by expert consensus. However, this subjectivity makes translational quantification of clinically-relevant dystonia metrics across species nearly impossible. Many mouse models of genetic dystonias display abnormal striatal cholinergic interneuron excitation, but few display subjectively dystonic features. Therefore, whether striatal cholinergic interneuron pathology causes dystonia remains unknown. To address these critical limitations, we first demonstrate that objectively quantifiable leg adduction variability correlates with leg dystonia severity in people. We then show that chemogenetic excitation of striatal cholinergic interneurons in mice causes comparable leg adduction variability in mice. This clinically-relevant dystonic behavior in mice does not occur with acute excitation, but rather develops after 14 days of ongoing striatal cholinergic interneuron excitation. This requirement for prolonged excitation recapitulates the clinically observed phenomena of a delay between an inciting brain injury and subsequent dystonia manifestation and demonstrates a causative link between chronic striatal cholinergic interneuron excitation and clinically-relevant dystonic behavior in mice. Therefore, these results support targeting striatal ChIs for dystonia drug development and suggests early treatment in the window following injury but prior to dystonia onset.

One Sentence SummaryChronic excitation of dorsal striatal cholinergic interneuron causes clinically-relevant dystonic phenotypes in mice
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gemperli, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chintalapati, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rust, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bajpai, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suh, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blackburn, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gelineau-Morel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kruer, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mingbunjerdsuk, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Malley, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tochen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waugh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feyma, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perlmutter, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mennerick, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCall, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aravamuthan, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.19.549778</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chronic striatal cholinergic interneuron excitation induces clinically-relevant dystonic behavior in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.21.550059v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Generation of an induced pluripotent stem cell line from a healthy adult indigenous Nigerian participant 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.21.550059v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetic backgrounds contribute to cellular phenotypes, drug responsiveness, and health outcomes. However, the majority of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines are derived from individuals of European descent. Thus, there is a major, unmet need in the generation, characterisation, and distribution of iPSCs from diverse ancestries. To begin to address this need, we have generated iPSCs from dermal fibroblasts isolated from a healthy 60-year-old indigenous Nigerian male belonging to the Babur ethnic group. The iPSCs were generated using Sendai virus, and copy number variation (CNV) analysis revealed no new major abnormalities compared to the parental fibroblasts. The iPSCs have been characterised for pluripotency markers and morphology and successfully differentiated into neural progenitor cells and astrocytes. This iPSC line could serve as a healthy control in comparative studies and can be used in disease modelling, toxicity assessments, genetic analyses, and drug discovery processes within an African genetic background. To bolster the inclusion of African models in biomedical research, this iPSC line will be made available to the broader scientific community. Ongoing efforts focus on generating more lines from diverse indigenous populations towards creating a dedicated open-access African iPSC biobank.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Muhammad, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Babazau, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alkhamis, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goni, B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nggada, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mbaya, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wray, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marte, I. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karch, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serpell, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maina, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.21.550059</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Generation of an induced pluripotent stem cell line from a healthy adult indigenous Nigerian participant]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.20.549745v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Contrasting roles of different mismatch repair proteins in basal-like breast cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.20.549745v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mismatch repair (MMR) pathway is known as a tumor suppressive pathway and genes involved in MMR are commonly mutated in hereditary colorectal or other cancer types. However, the function of MMR genes/proteins in breast cancer progression and metastasis are largely undefined. We found that MSH2, but not MLH1, is highly enriched in basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) and that its protein expression is inversely correlated with overall survival time (OS). MSH2 expression is frequently elevated due to genomic amplification or gain-of-expression in BLBC, which results in increased MSH2 protein to pair with MSH6 (collectively referred to as MutS). Genetic deletion of MSH2 or MLH1 results in a contrasting phenotype in metastasis, with MSH2-deletion leading to reduced metastasis and MLH1-deletion to enhanced liver or lung metastasis. Mechanistically, MSH2 - but not MLH1 - binds to the promoter region of interferon  receptor 1 (IFNAR1) and suppresses its expression in BLBC. Deletion of MSH2 initiates a chain of immune reactions via the upregulation of IFNAR1 expression and the activation of type 1 interferon signaling, which explains a highly immune active tumor microenvironment in tumors with MSH2-deficiency. Our study supports the contrasting functions of MSH2 and MLH1 in BLBC progression and metastasis due to the differential regulation of IFNAR1 expression, which challenges the paradigm of the MMR pathway as a universal tumor suppressive mechanism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borcherding, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tithi, T. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cash, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Honda, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>kolb, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weigel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spies, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.20.549745</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Contrasting roles of different mismatch repair proteins in basal-like breast cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.22.550177v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metabolomic rearrangement controls the intrinsic microbial response to temperature changes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.22.550177v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Temperature is one of the key determinants of microbial behavior and survival, whose impact is typically studied under heat- or cold-shock conditions that elicit specific regulation to combat lethal stress. At intermediate temperatures, cellular growth rate varies according to the Arrhenius law of thermodynamics without stress responses, a behavior whose origins have not yet been elucidated. Using single-cell microscopy during temperature perturbations, we show that bacteria exhibit a highly conserved, gradual response to temperature upshifts with a time scale of [~]1.5 doublings at the higher temperature, regardless of initial/final temperature or nutrient source. We find that this behavior is coupled to a temperature memory, which we rule out as being neither transcriptional, translational, nor membrane dependent. Instead, we demonstrate that an autocatalytic enzyme network incorporating temperature-sensitive Michaelis-Menten kinetics recapitulates all temperature-shift dynamics through metabolome rearrangement, which encodes a temperature memory and successfully predicts alterations in the upshift response observed under simple-sugar, low-nutrient conditions, and in fungi. This model also provides a mechanistic framework for both Arrhenius-dependent growth and the classical Monod Equation through temperature-dependent metabolite flux.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Knapp, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willis, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vashistha, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Touma, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tikhonov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ram, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salman, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elias, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.22.550177</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metabolomic rearrangement controls the intrinsic microbial response to temperature changes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.21.549379v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evaluation of gliovascular functions of Aqp4 readthrough isoforms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.21.549379v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is a water channel protein that links astrocytic endfeet to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and regulates water and potassium homeostasis in the brain, as well as the glymphatic clearance of waste products that would otherwise potentiate neurological diseases. Recently, translational readthrough was shown to generate a C-terminally extended variant of AQP4, known as AQP4x, that preferentially localizes around the BBB through interaction with the scaffolding protein -syntrophin, and loss of AQP4x disrupts waste clearance from the brain. To investigate the function of AQP4x, we generated a novel mouse AQP4 line (AllX) to increase relative levels of the readthrough variant above the [~]15% of AQP4 in the brain of wildtype (WT) mice. We validated the line and assessed characteristics that are affected by the presence of AQP4x, including AQP4 and -syntrophin localization, integrity of the BBB, and neurovascular coupling. We compared AllXHom and AllXHet mice to wildtype, and to previously characterized AQP4 NoXHet and NoXHom mice, which cannot produce AQP4x. Increased dose of AQP4x enhanced perivascular localization of - syntrophin and AQP4, while total protein expression of the two were unchanged. However, at 100% readthrough, AQP4x localization and formation of higher-order complexes was disrupted. Electron microscopy showed that overall blood vessel morphology was unchanged except for increased endothelial cell vesicles in NoXHom mice, which may correspond to a leakier BBB or altered efflux that was identified in NoX mice using MRI. These data demonstrate that AQP4x plays a small but measurable role in maintaining BBB integrity as well as recruiting structural and functional support proteins to the blood vessel. This also establishes a new set of genetic tools for quantitatively modulating AQP4x levels.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=115 SRC="FIGDIR/small/549379v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (29K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@18f8f32org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@25afeorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@a3e0e1org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@100f2e1_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mueller, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fass, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engelbach, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaines, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bice, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasek, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garbow, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Culver, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Lozada, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen-Salmon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sapkota, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.21.549379</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evaluation of gliovascular functions of Aqp4 readthrough isoforms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.21.549920v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ultra-high density imaging arrays for diffuse optical tomography of human brain improve resolution, signal-to-noise, and information decoding 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.21.549920v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has dramatically advanced non-invasive human brain mapping and decoding. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and high-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT) non-invasively measure blood oxygen fluctuations related to brain activity, like fMRI, at the brain surface, using more-lightweight equipment that circumvents ergonomic and logistical limitations of fMRI. HD-DOT grids have smaller inter-optode spacing ([~]13 mm) than sparse fNIRS ([~]30 mm) and therefore provide higher image quality, with spatial resolution [~]1/2 that of fMRI. Herein, simulations indicated reducing inter-optode spacing to 6.5 mm would further improve image quality and noise-resolution tradeoff, with diminishing returns below 6.5 mm. We then constructed an ultra-high-density DOT system (6.5-mm spacing) with 140 dB dynamic range that imaged stimulus-evoked activations with 30-50% higher spatial resolution and repeatable multi-focal activity with excellent agreement with participant-matched fMRI. Further, this system decoded visual stimulus position with 19-35% lower error than previous HD-DOT, throughout occipital cortex.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Markow, Z. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trobaugh, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richter, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tripathy, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rafferty, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Svoboda, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schroeder, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burns-Yocum, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergonzi, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chevillet, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mugler, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eggebrecht, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Culver, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.21.549920</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ultra-high density imaging arrays for diffuse optical tomography of human brain improve resolution, signal-to-noise, and information decoding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.21.550118v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
M1 recruitment during interleaved practice is important for encoding, not just consolidation, of novel skill memory 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.21.550118v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Primary motor cortex (M1) plays a major role in motor memory acquisition and retention in humans, but its role in interleaved practice (as opposed to repetitive practice) remains unknown. We anticipated that the improved retention typically associated with interleaved practice depends on M1, and thus cathodal transcranial direct current (ctDCS) stimulation to M1 during training would disrupt this improved retention. The benefits of interleaved practice have been reported to occur from more effective consolidation, manifested as rapid skill memory stabilization followed by more long-term enhancement. While we observed the expected decline in retention performance following interleaved practice paired with ctDCS, this reduced retention resulted from more modest encoding of novel skill memory during acquisition rather than from disruption of offline consolidation processes. These data highlight the broad role played by motor cortex for both encoding and retention of novel skill memory.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Philip, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.21.550118</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[M1 recruitment during interleaved practice is important for encoding, not just consolidation, of novel skill memory]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.23.550213v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High dimensional analyses reveal activation of lymphocyte subsets and reversal of immunoresistance by cytokine enhancement of adoptive cellular vaccine therapy in prostate cancer. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.23.550213v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Engineered cell therapies have emerged as a potent therapeutic option for the hematologic malignancies, however solid tumor responses to similar approaches have been modest. The outlier is Sipuleucel-T (sip-T), an FDA-approved autologous cellular immunotherapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). To elucidate parameters of the response profile to this therapy, we report the first high dimensional cellular analyses of sip-T using mass cytometry (CyTOF) and show a lymphoid predominance, with CD3+ T cells constituting the highest proportion (median [~]60%) of sip-T, followed by B-cells, and natural killer (NK) and NKT cells.

We hypothesized that treatment of sip-T with homeostatic cytokines known to activate/expand effector lymphocytes could augment efficacy against prostate cancer. Of cytokines tested, IL-15 treated sip-T showed the most significant activation and proliferation of effector lymphocytes, as well as augmentation of tumor cytotoxicity in vitro. Co-culture of sip-T with IL-15 and control or prostate-relevant antigens showed significant activation and expansion of CD8 T and NKT cells in an antigen-specific manner. Adoptive transfer of IL-15 treated sip-T into NSG mice resulted in potent prostate tumor growth inhibition compared with control sip-T. Evaluation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes revealed a 2 to 14-fold higher influx of sip-T and a significant increase in interferon (IFN)-{gamma} producing CD8+ T and NKT cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) in the IL-15 group. In conclusion, we put forward the first evidence that IL-15 treatment can enhance the functional anti-tumor efficacy of sip-T, providing rationale for combining IL-15 or IL-15 agonists with sip-T to treat mCRPC patients.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=138 SRC="FIGDIR/small/550213v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (34K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@130adb0org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@db2567org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@174a953org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@18c049_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG One sentence summaryIL-15 treatment can enhance the efficacy/anti-tumor immunity of sipuleucel-T by modulating CD8+ T-cell and CD56+ NKT subsets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Saeed, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borkowski, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Tine, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheikh, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thorek, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fehniger, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pachynski, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.23.550213</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High dimensional analyses reveal activation of lymphocyte subsets and reversal of immunoresistance by cytokine enhancement of adoptive cellular vaccine therapy in prostate cancer.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.24.550326v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolution and spread of a persistent 	P. aeruginosa outbreak clone over decades in a single US hospital. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.24.550326v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Whole-genome sequencing is revolutionizing bacterial outbreak investigation but its application to the clinic remains limited. In 2020, prospective and retrospective surveillance detected a Pseudomonas aeruginosa outbreak with 253 isolates collected from 82 patients in 26 wards of a hospital. Its origin was dated to the late 90s, just after the facility opened, and patient-to-patient and environment-to-patient cases of transmission were inferred. Over time, two epidemic subclones evolved in separate hosts and hospital areas, including newly opened wards, and hospital-wide sampling confirmed reservoirs persisted in the plumbing. Pathoadaptive mutations in genes associated with virulence, cell wall biogenesis, and antibiotic resistance were identified. While the latter correlated with the acquisition of phenotypic resistances to 1st (cephalosporin), 2nd (carbapenems) and 3rd (colistin) lines of treatment, maximum parsimony suggested that a truncation in a lipopolysaccharide component coincided with the emergence of a subclone prevalent in long-term infections. Since initial identification, extensive infection control efforts guided by routine, near real-time surveillance have proved successful at slowing transmission.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stribling, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Powell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harless, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corey, B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snesrud, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ong, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maybank, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stam, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartlett, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preston, L. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lane, K. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwak, Y. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barsoumian, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markelz, A.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiley, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cybulski, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mc Gann, P. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lebreton, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.24.550326</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolution and spread of a persistent 	P. aeruginosa outbreak clone over decades in a single US hospital.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.25.550588v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli wield enterobactin-derived catabolites as siderophores 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.25.550588v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) secrete multiple siderophore types to scavenge extracellular iron(III) ions during clinical urinary tract infections, despite the metabolic costs of biosynthesis. Here we find the siderophore enterobactin and its related products to be prominent components of the iron-responsive extracellular metabolome of a model UPEC strain. Using defined enterobactin biosynthesis and import mutants, we identify lower molecular weight, dimeric exometabolites as products of incomplete siderophore catabolism, rather than prematurely released biosynthetic intermediates. In E. coli, iron acquisition from iron(III)-enterobactin complexes requires intracellular esterases that hydrolyze the siderophore. Although UPEC are equipped to consume the products of completely hydrolyzed enterobactin, we find that enterobactin and its derivatives may be incompletely hydrolyzed to yield products with retained siderophore activity. These results are consistent with catabolic inefficiency as means to obtain more than one iron ion per siderophore molecule. This is compatible with an evolved UPEC strategy to maximize the nutritional returns from metabolic investments in siderophore biosynthesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinberg, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henderson, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.25.550588</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Uropathogenic Escherichia coli wield enterobactin-derived catabolites as siderophores]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.25.550486v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Same same but different; The global response of Escherichia coli to five different LpxC inhibitors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.25.550486v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A promising but yet clinically unexploited antibiotic target in difficult-to-treat Gram-negative bacteria is LpxC, the key enzyme in the biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which are the major constituents of the outer membrane. To gain insights into the mode of action of five different LpxC inhibitors, we conducted a comparative phenotypic and proteomic analysis. All five compounds bound to purified LpxC from Escherichia coli. Treatment of E. coli with these compounds changed the cell shape and stabilized LpxC suggesting that the FtsH-mediated turnover is impaired. LpxC inhibition sensitized E. coli to the cell wall antibiotic vancomycin, which typically does not cross the outer membrane. Four of the five compounds led to an accumulation of lyso-PE, a cleavage product of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), generated by the phospholipase PldA. The combined results suggested an imbalance in phospholipid (PL) and LPS biosynthesis, which was corroborated by the global proteome response to treatment with the LpxC inhibitors. Apart from LpxC itself, FabA and FabB responsible for the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, were consistently upregulated. Our work also shows that antibiotics targeting the same enzyme do not necessarily elicit identical cellular responses. Compound-specific marker proteins belonged to different functional categories, like stress responses, nucleotide or amino acid metabolism and quorum sensing. These findings provide new insights into common and distinct cellular defense mechanisms against LpxC inhibition. Moreover, they support a delicate balance between LPS and PL biosynthesis with great potential as point of attack for antimicrobial intervention.

ImportanceThe alarming spread of antimicrobial resistance among Gram-negative bacteria calls for novel intervention strategies. Inhibitors of LpxC, the first committed enzyme of lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis have been recognized as promising broad-spectrum antibiotics against Gram-negative pathogens. Despite the development of dozens of chemically diverse LpxC inhibitor molecules, it is essentially unknown how bacteria counteract LpxC inhibition. Our study provides comprehensive insights into the bacterial defense strategies against five different LpxC inhibitors. We show that the cellular response of Escherichia coli is compound-specific but shares a common pattern. Inhibition of LpxC is toxic, disrupts membrane integrity, and elicits a stress response, including upregulation of fatty acid biosynthesis proteins. Pre-treatment of E. coli with low doses of LpxC inhibitors increased the sensitivity to the cell wall antibiotic vancomycin suggesting new directions in combination therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moller, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vazquez Hernandez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kutscher, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brysch, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruckner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marino, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleetz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Senges, C. H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schakermann, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bandow, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narberhaus, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.25.550486</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Same same but different; The global response of Escherichia coli to five different LpxC inhibitors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.25.550347v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The components of an electrical synapse as revealed by expansion microscopy of a single synaptic contact 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.25.550347v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most nervous systems combine both transmitter-mediated and direct cell-cell communication, known as  chemical and  electrical synapses, respectively. Chemical synapses can be identified by their multiple structural components. Electrical synapses are, on the other hand, generally defined by the presence of a  gap junction (a cluster of intercellular channels) between two neuronal processes. However, while gap junctions provide the communicating mechanism, it is unknown whether electrical transmission requires the contribution of additional cellular structures. We investigated this question at identifiable single synaptic contacts on the zebrafish Mauthner cells, at which gap junctions coexist with specializations for neurotransmitter release and where the contact defines the anatomical limits of a synapse. Expansion microscopy of these contacts revealed a detailed map of the incidence and spatial distribution of proteins pertaining to various synaptic structures. Multiple gap junctions of variable size were identified by the presence of their molecular components. Remarkably, most of the synaptic contacts surface was occupied by interleaving gap junctions and components of adherens junctions, suggesting a close functional association between these two structures. In contrast, glutamate receptors were confined to small peripheral portions of the contact, indicating that most of the synaptic area works as an electrical synapse. Thus, our results revealed the overarching organization of an electrical synapse that operates with not one, but multiple gap junctions, in close association with structural and signaling molecules known to be components of AJs. The relationship between these intercellular structures will aid in establishing the boundaries of electrical synapses found throughout animal connectomes and provide insight into the structural organization and functional diversity of electrical synapses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cardenas- Garcia, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ijaz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pereda, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.25.550347</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The components of an electrical synapse as revealed by expansion microscopy of a single synaptic contact]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.27.550874v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanosensitive ion channel MSL8 is required for pulsatile growth and cell wall dynamics in Arabidopsis pollen tubes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.27.550874v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
HIGHLIGHTPollen tube growth requires tight control of apical wall expansion. We present evidence for a mechanosensitive ion channel, MSL8, as a braking signal in growth dynamics through cell wall regulation.

The male gametophyte in flowering plants, pollen, both performs the critical role of fertilization and represents a unique and accessible system for interrogating plant cell mechanics. Pollen endures multiple mechanical hurdles during its lifecycle: desiccation in the anther, rapid rehydration on the stigma, and germination to produce a rapidly growing pollen tube that will eventually reach the ovule. A key component in this robust mechanical system is MscS-Like 8 (MSL8), a mechanosensitive ion channel. We previously proposed that that MSL8 serves as an "osmotic safety valve", regulating pressure in the germinating pollen tube by releasing anions in response to plasma membrane tension, thereby preventing pollen tube rupture. However, we subsequently identified defects in the cell walls of msl8 mutant pollen, suggesting that it plays a role independent of osmoregulation, a conclusion also supported by mathematical modeling. Here, we show that pollen tubes lacking MSL8 channel function by genetic knockout or channel-blocking point mutation lose major growth pauses, have altered pectin esterification patterns, and are sensitive to pectin crosslinking. Together, these data suggest a mechanism whereby tension-gated ion release through mechanosensitive channels regulates apoplastic function and cell wall dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Coomey, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haswell, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.27.550874</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanosensitive ion channel MSL8 is required for pulsatile growth and cell wall dynamics in Arabidopsis pollen tubes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.27.550880v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural population dynamics reveal that motor-targeted intraspinal microstimulation preferentially depresses nociceptive transmission in spinal cord injury-related neuropathic pain. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.27.550880v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The purpose of this study is to determine whether intraspinal microstimulation (ISMS) intended to enhance voluntary motor output after spinal cord injury (SCI) modulates neural population-level spinal responsiveness to nociceptive sensory feedback. The study was conducted in vivo in three cohorts of rats: neurologically intact, chronic SCI without behavioral signs of neuropathic pain, and chronic SCI with SCI-related neuropathic pain (SCI-NP). Nociceptive sensory feedback was induced by application of graded mechanical pressure to the plantar surface of the hindpaw before, during, and after periods of sub-motor threshold ISMS delivered within the motor pools of the L5 spinal segment. Neural population-level responsiveness to nociceptive feedback was recorded throughout the dorso-ventral extent of the L5 spinal segment using dense multi-channel microelectrode arrays. Whereas motor-targeted ISMS reduced nociceptive transmission across electrodes in neurologically intact animals both during and following stimulation, it was not associated with altered nociceptive transmission in rats with SCI that lacked behavioral signs of neuropathic pain. Surprisingly, nociceptive transmission was reduced both during and following motor-targeted ISMS in rats with SCI-NP, and to an extent comparable to that of neurologically intact animals. The mechanisms underlying the differential anti-nociceptive effects of motor-targeted ISMS are unclear, although they may be related to differences in the intrinsic active membrane properties of spinal neurons across the cohorts. Nevertheless, the results of this study support the notion that it may be possible to purposefully engineer spinal stimulation-based therapies that afford multi-modal rehabilitation benefits, and specifically that it may be possible to do so for the individuals most in need - i.e., those with SCI-related movement impairments and SCI-NP.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McPherson, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bandres, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.27.550880</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural population dynamics reveal that motor-targeted intraspinal microstimulation preferentially depresses nociceptive transmission in spinal cord injury-related neuropathic pain.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.31.551239v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantitative description of the phase separation behavior of the multivalent SLP65-CIN85 complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.31.551239v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biomolecular condensates play a major role in cell compartmentalization, besides membrane-enclosed organelles. The multivalent SLP65 and CIN85 proteins are downstream B cell receptor (BCR)-signaling effectors, required for a proper immune response. Both proteins phase separate together with vesicles to form pre-signaling clusters. Within this tripartite system, six PRMs of SLP65 interact promiscuously with three SH3 domains of the CIN85 monomer, establishing 18 individual SH3-PRM interactions whose individual dissociation constants we determined. Based on these 18 dissociation constants, we measured the phase separation properties of the natural SLP65/CIN85 system as well as designer constructs that emphasize the strongest SH3/PRM interactions. By modelling these various SLP65/CIN85 constructs with the program LASSI (LAttice simulation engine for Sticker and Spacer Interactions) we reproduced the observed phase separation properties. In addition, LASSI revealed a deviation in the experimental measurement, which was independently identified as a previously unknown intramolecular interaction. Thus, thermodynamic properties of the individual PRM/SH3 interactions allow to model the phase separation behavior of the SLP65/CIN85 system faithfully.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Maier, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sieme, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dar, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wienands, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becker, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griesinger, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.31.551239</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantitative description of the phase separation behavior of the multivalent SLP65-CIN85 complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.31.551359v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
IST1 regulates select endosomal recycling pathways 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.31.551359v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ESCRTs (Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport) are a modular set of protein complexes with membrane remodeling activities that include the formation and release of intralumenal vesicles (ILVs) to generate multivesicular endosomes. While most of the 12 ESCRT-III proteins are known to play roles in ILV formation, IST1 has been associated with a wider range of endosomal remodeling events. Here, we extend previous studies of IST1 function in endosomal trafficking and confirm that IST1, along with its binding partner CHMP1B, contributes to scission of early endosomal carriers. Depleting IST1 impaired delivery of transferrin receptor from early/sorting endosomes to the endocytic recycling compartment and instead increased its rapid recycling to the plasma membrane via peripheral endosomes enriched in the clathrin adaptor AP-1. IST1 is also important for export of mannose 6-phosphate receptor from early/sorting endosomes. Examination of IST1 binding partners on endosomes revealed that IST1 interacts with the MIT domain-containing sorting nexin SNX15, a protein previously reported to regulate endosomal recycling. Our kinetic and spatial analyses establish that SNX15 and IST1 occupy a clathrin-containing subdomain on the endosomal perimeter distinct from those previously implicated in cargo retrieval or degradation. Using live-cell microscopy we see that SNX15 and CHMP1B alternately recruit IST1 to this subdomain or the base of endosomal tubules. These findings indicate that IST1 contributes to a subset of recycling pathways from the early/sorting endosome.



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=95 SRC="FIGDIR/small/551359v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@14c2658org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@699063org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@867084org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@44f7b6_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Clippinger, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naismith, T. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoo, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jansen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kast, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanson, P. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.31.551359</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[IST1 regulates select endosomal recycling pathways]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.31.551385v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epigenetic regulation of Leukocyte associated immunoglobulin-like receptors 1 and 2 by interferon signaling in macrophages and T cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.31.551385v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundInhibitory immune receptors are important for maintaining immune homeostasis. We recently identified epigenetic alterations in two members of this group, LAIR1 and LAIR2, in patients with inflammatory tissue damage and recurrent skin and soft tissue infections. We therefore hypothesized that the expression of LAIR1 and LAIR2 may be controlled by immune stimuli acting on discrete transcriptional regulatory elements.

MethodsWe used flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, and RNAseq to assay LAIR1 and LAIR2 expression in human and murine immune cell subsets at baseline and post-treatment with immune mediators, including type I and II interferons, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-[a]), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq), we identified candidate transcriptional regulatory elements of LAIR genes and evaluated their regulatory activity using luciferase reporters.

ResultsBoth human and murine macrophages significantly upregulate LAIR1 expression as they differentiate from monocytes to macrophages. In response to interferons, LAIR1 protein levels increase, while LPS causes a relative reduction. Regulatory elements flanking LAIR genes exhibit distinct patterns of enhancer activity with variable responses to immune stimuli. These responses are related to discrete sets of transcription factors in inflammatory pathways that correlate with cell-specific LAIR expression patterns. In addition, we identified LAIR1 and LAIR2 regulatory elements that act as foci of 3D genome interactions with other highly active regulatory elements.

ConclusionsOur findings define the complex regulatory landscapes of human and mouse LAIR genes and reveal new insights into the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms that control the expression of these important immune modulatory proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dorando, H. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mutic, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perrin, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wurtz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quinn, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payton, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.31.551385</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epigenetic regulation of Leukocyte associated immunoglobulin-like receptors 1 and 2 by interferon signaling in macrophages and T cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.02.551704v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular Basis of Cell Membrane Adaptation in Daptomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.02.551704v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Daptomycin is a last-resort lipopeptide antibiotic that disrupts cell membrane (CM) and peptidoglycan homeostasis. Enterococcus faecalis has developed a sophisticated mechanism to avoid daptomycin killing by re-distributing CM anionic phospholipids away from the septum. The CM changes are orchestrated by a three-component regulatory system, designated LiaFSR, with a possible contribution of cardiolipin synthase (Cls). However, the mechanism by which LiaFSR controls the CM response and the role of Cls are unknown. Here, we show that cardiolipin synthase activity is essential for anionic phospholipid redistribution and daptomycin resistance since deletion of the two genes (cls1 and cls2) encoding Cls abolished CM remodeling. We identified LiaY, a transmembrane protein regulated by LiaFSR, as an important mediator of CM remodeling required for re-distribution of anionic phospholipid microdomains via interactions with Cls1. Together, our insights provide a mechanistic framework on the enterococcal response to cell envelope antibiotics that could be exploited therapeutically.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panesso, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hood, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polamraju, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, W. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mileykovskaya, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shamoo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vitrac, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arias, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.02.551704</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular Basis of Cell Membrane Adaptation in Daptomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.03.551830v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A comprehensive workflow and its validation for simulating diffuse speckle statistics for optical blood flow measurements 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.03.551830v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diffuse optical methods including speckle contrast optical spectroscopy and tomography (SCOS and SCOT), use speckle contrast (k) to measure deep blood flow. In order to design practical systems, parameters such as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the effects of limited sampling of statistical quantities, should be considered. To that end, we have developed a method for simulating speckle contrast signals including effects of detector noise. The method was validated experimentally, and the simulations were used to study the effects of physical and experimental parameters on the accuracy and precision of k. These results revealed that systematic detector effects resulted in decreased accuracy and precision of k in the regime of low detected signals. The method can provide guidelines for the design and usage of SCOS and/or SCOT instruments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kobayashi Frisk, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verma, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beslija, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-H. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patil, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chetia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trobaugh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Culver, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durduran, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.03.551830</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A comprehensive workflow and its validation for simulating diffuse speckle statistics for optical blood flow measurements]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.02.551658v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Resident memory T cell precursors in tumor draining lymph nodes require type-1 IFN for optimal differentiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.02.551658v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Resident memory (Trm) cells play an essential role in anti-tumor immunity. However, little is known about the precursors that differentiate into protective Trm populations against cancer. Here we employed an established model of B16 melanoma neoadjuvant anti-CD4 therapy, to track tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells through tissues and across time; from their priming as effectors to their differentiation into Trm. We show that tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) contain Teff cells that begin to express canonical Trm markers CD103 and CD69. These tumor-specific Teff cells seeded skin and tumor during the effector phase of the response, although egress from these tissues was not required Trm development in LNs. Paired scRNAseq/scTCRseq was used to identify Teff clonotypes in TDLNs and trace their differentiation, in real-time, into Trm populations. We found that expanded clonotypes favored the Trm fate and were unlikely to co-differentiate into other lineages. Precursors of Trm (pre-Trm) clonotypes that subsequently seeded populations throughout tumors, LNs, and skin, were characterized by early expression of tissue residency, stemness, and type-1 IFN sensing genes. These multipotent pre-Trm cells sensed plasmacytoid dendritic cell-derived type-1 interferons in TDLNs, and their expression of interferon alpha receptor was required for their formation of Trm populations in LNs but not in skin. These findings reveal the defining features of pre-Trm cells in response to tumor antigens, and reveal a previously unappreciated role for type-1 IFNs in programming regional Trm immunity to cancer.

One Sentence SummaryAnti-tumor effector CD8 T cells adopt early characteristics of tissue residency and stemness, and rely on the sensing of type-1 interferons for their local differentiation into resident memory T cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Khatwani, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Searles, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Messier, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mittal, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molodtsov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawkes, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, O. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolling, F. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosato, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turk, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.02.551658</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Resident memory T cell precursors in tumor draining lymph nodes require type-1 IFN for optimal differentiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.03.550595v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
KAT6A mutations in Arboleda-Tham syndrome drive epigenetic regulation of posterior HOXC cluster 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.03.550595v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Arboleda-Tham Syndrome (ARTHS) is a rare genetic disorder caused by heterozygous, de novo truncating mutations in Lysine(K) acetyltransferase 6A (KAT6A). ARTHS is clinically heterogeneous and characterized by several common features including intellectual disability, developmental and speech delay, hypotonia and affects multiple organ systems. KAT6A is highly expressed in early development and plays a key role in cell-type specific differentiation. KAT6A is the enzymatic core of a histone-acetylation protein complex, however the direct histone targets and gene regulatory effects remain unknown. In this study, we use ARTHS patient (n=8) and control (n=14) dermal fibroblasts and perform comprehensive profiling of the epigenome and transcriptome caused by KAT6A mutations. We identified differential chromatin accessibility within the promoter or gene body of 23%(14/60) of genes that were differentially expressed between ARTHS and controls. Within fibroblasts, we show a distinct set of genes from the posterior HOXC gene cluster (HOXC10, HOXC11, HOXC-AS3, HOXC-AS2, HOTAIR) that are overexpressed in ARTHS and are transcription factors critical for early development body segment patterning. The genomic loci harboring HOXC genes are epigenetically regulated with increased chromatin accessibility, high levels of H3K23ac, and increased gene-body DNA methylation compared to controls, all of which are consistent with transcriptomic overexpression. Finally, we used unbiased proteomic mass spectrometry and identified two new histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) that are disrupted in ARTHS: H2A and H3K56 acetylation. Our multi-omics assays have identified novel histone and gene regulatory roles of KAT6A in a large group of ARTHS patients harboring diverse pathogenic mutations. This work provides insight into the role of KAT6A on the epigenomic regulation in somatic cell types.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Singh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spendlove, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nava, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bondhus, l. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>N. de L. Vitorino, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Echeverria, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amano, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arboleda, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.03.550595</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[KAT6A mutations in Arboleda-Tham syndrome drive epigenetic regulation of posterior HOXC cluster]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.05.552129v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Costs of being a diet generalist in the super-generalist protist predator Dictyostelium discoideum 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.05.552129v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Consumers lie on a continuum between diet specialization on few resources to being generalist feeders on many resources. Generalism has the clear advantage of having more resources to exploit, but the costs that limit generalism are less clear. We explore two understudied costs of generalism in a super-generalist amoeba predator, Dictyostelium discoideum, feeding on naturally co-occurring bacterial prey. Both involve costs of combining different prey. First, amoebas exhibit a reduction in growth rate when they switch from one species of prey bacteria to another, something we call resource-switching costs. These switching costs typically disappear within a day, indicating adjustment to new prey bacteria. Second, amoebas usually divide more slowly on mixtures of bacteria compared to on single bacteria, something we call resource-mixing costs. Both results support that idea that, although amoebas can consume a huge variety of prey, they must use partially different methods and thus must pay costs to handle multiple prey, either sequentially or simultaneously.

Significance StatementPerhaps the most fundamental conflict in nature occurs when one organism consumes another. Diet generalists benefit from the advantage of eating many prey but then must deal with many prey defences. We explore costs associated with a broad diet in a protist microbial predator, Dictyostelium discoideum. These predators of bacteria show a delay in growth when switched from one bacteria to another, supporting the hypothesis that they must deploy different strategies. They also experience costs when grown on many bacteria at once, suggesting that the alternative strategies for consuming different prey are partly incompatible with each other. Our findings shed light on the nature of diet generalism and highlight the complexity of predation in the microbial world.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shreenidhi, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brock, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCabe, R. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strassmann, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Queller, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.05.552129</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Costs of being a diet generalist in the super-generalist protist predator Dictyostelium discoideum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.06.552128v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Conserved molecular recognition by an intrinsically disordered region in the absence of sequence conservation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.06.552128v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) are critical for cellular function, yet often appear to lack sequence conservation when assessed by multiple sequence alignments. This raises the question of if and how function can be encoded and preserved in these regions despite massive sequence variation. To address this question, we have applied coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to investigate non-specific RNA binding of coronavirus nucleocapsid proteins. Coronavirus nucleocapsid proteins consist of multiple interspersed disordered and folded domains that bind RNA. We focussed here on the first two domains of coronavirus nucleocapsid proteins, the disordered N-terminal domain (NTD) followed by the folded RNA binding domain (RBD). While the NTD is highly variable across evolution, the RBD is structurally conserved. This combination makes the NTD-RBD a convenient model system to explore the interplay between an IDR adjacent to a folded domain, and how changes in IDR sequence can influence molecular recognition of a partner. Our results reveal a surprising degree of sequence-specificity encoded by both the composition and the precise order of the amino acids in the NTD. The presence of an NTD can - depending on the sequence - either suppress or enhance RNA binding. Despite this sensitivity, large-scale variation in NTD sequences is possible while certain sequence features are retained. Consequently, a conformationally-conserved fuzzy RNA:protein complex is found across nucleocapsid protein orthologs, despite large-scale changes in both NTD sequence and RBD surface chemistry. Taken together, these insights shed light on the ability of disordered regions to preserve functional characteristics despite their sequence variability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alston, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soranno, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.06.552128</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Conserved molecular recognition by an intrinsically disordered region in the absence of sequence conservation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.07.551726v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Material Properties of Nonpregnant and Pregnant Human Uterine Layers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.07.551726v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The uterus has critical biomechanical functions in pregnancy and undergoes dramatic material growth and remodeling from implantation to parturition. The intrinsic material properties of the human uterus and how they evolve in pregnancy are poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap and assess the heterogeneity of these tissues, the time-dependent material properties of all human uterine layers were measured with nanoindentation. The endometrium-decidua layer was found to be the least stiff, most viscous, and least permeable layer of the human uterus in nonpregnant and third-trimester pregnant tissues. In pregnancy, endometrium-decidua becomes stiffer and less viscous with no material property changes observed in the myometrium or perimetrium. Additionally, uterine material properties did not significantly differ between third-trimester pregnant tissues with and without placenta accreta. The foundational data generated by this study will facilitate the development of physiologically accurate models of the human uterus to investigate gynecologic and obstetric disorders.

HighlightsO_LIHuman uterine layers are distinct, heterogeneous and time-dependent
C_LIO_LIPregnancy alters the material properties of the maternal-fetal interface
C_LIO_LILargest dataset of uterine mechanical properties measured by nanoindentation
C_LI

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=61 SRC="FIGDIR/small/551726v3_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (24K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@2d347eorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1d14584org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@2b0920org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1642359_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fodera, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russell, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lund-Jackson, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vink, J.-S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oyen, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myers, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.07.551726</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Material Properties of Nonpregnant and Pregnant Human Uterine Layers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.07.552330v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NVX-CoV2373 ancestral and NVX-CoV2540 BA.5 protein nanoparticle vaccines protect against Omicron BA.5 variant in Syrian hamsters 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.07.552330v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants with greater transmissibility or immune evasion properties has jeopardized the existing vaccine and antibody-based countermeasures. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of boosting with the protein nanoparticle NVX-CoV2373 or NVX-CoV2540 vaccines containing ancestral or BA.5 S proteins, respectively, in mRNA-immunized pre-immune hamsters, against challenge with the Omicron BA.5 variant of SARS-CoV-2. Serum antibody binding and neutralization titers were quantified before challenge, and viral loads were measured 3 days after challenge. Compared to an mRNA vaccine boost, NVX-CoV2373 or NVX-CoV2540 induced higher serum antibody binding responses against ancestral Wuhan-1 or BA.5 spike proteins, and greater neutralization of Omicron BA.1 and BA.5 variants. One and three months after vaccine boosting, hamsters were challenged with the Omicron BA.5 variant. NVX-CoV2373 and NVX-CoV2540 boosted hamsters showed reduced viral infection in the nasal washes, nasal turbinates, and lungs compared to unvaccinated animals. Also, NVX-CoV2540 BA.5 boosted animals had fewer breakthrough infections than NVX-CoV2373 or mRNA-vaccinated hamsters. Thus, immunity induced by NVX-CoV2373 or NVX-CoV2540 boosting can protect against the Omicron BA.5 variant in the Syrian hamster model.

IMPORTANCEAs SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to emergence, the efficacy of prior and updated COVID-19 vaccines need to be tested. Here, we tested the efficacy of two nanoparticle protein-based vaccines in pre-immune hamsters against a challenge with the BA.5 Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2. Compared to an mRNA vaccine boost, the nanoparticle vaccine NVX-CoV2373 and NVX-CoV2540 induced higher serum antibody binding and neutralization responses against ancestral Wuhan-1 or BA.5 variants. One and three months after the last immunization, hamsters were challenged with the Omicron BA.5 variant. NVX-CoV2373 and NVX-CoV2540 boosted hamsters showed reduced viral infection in the nasal washes, nasal turbinates, and lungs compared to unvaccinated animals. Animals that received the homologous vaccine, NVX-CoV2540, had fewer breakthrough infections than NVX-CoV2373 or mRNA-vaccinated hamsters. Together, our data shows that the BA.5 nanoparticle vaccine is effective and that it is important to update the COVID-19 vaccine to match currently circulating strains of SARS-CoV-2.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bricker, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soudani, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheaffer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xabier, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamond, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boon, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.07.552330</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NVX-CoV2373 ancestral and NVX-CoV2540 BA.5 protein nanoparticle vaccines protect against Omicron BA.5 variant in Syrian hamsters]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.07.552351v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Assessment of bovine cortical bone fracture behavior using impact microindentation as a surrogate of fracture toughness 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.07.552351v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The fracture behavior of bone is critically important for assessing its mechanical competence and ability to resist fractures. Fracture toughness, which quantifies a materials resistance to crack propagation under controlled geometry, is regarded as the gold standard for evaluating a materials resistance to fracture. However properly conducting this test requires access to calibrated mechanical load frames the destruction of the bone samples, making it impractical for obtaining clinical measurement of bone fracture. Impact microindentation offers a potential alternative by mimicking certain aspects of fracture toughness measurements, but its relationship with mechanistic fracture toughness remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to compare measurements of notched fracture toughness and impact microindentation in fresh and boiled bovine bone. Skeletally mature bovine bone specimens (n=48) were prepared, and half of them were boiled to denature the organic matrix, while the other half remained preserved in frozen conditions. Notched fracture toughness tests were conducted on all samples to determine Initiation toughness (KIC), and an impact microindentation test using the OsteoProbe was performed to obtain the Bone Material Strength index. Boiling the bone samples resulted increased the denatured collagen without affecting mineral density or porosity. The boiled bones also showed significant reduction in both KIC (p < 0.0001) and the average Bone Material Strength index (p < 0.0001), leading to impaired resistance of bone to crack propagation. Remarkably, the average Bone Material Strength index exhibited a high correlation with KIC (r = 0.86; p < 0.001). The ranked order difference analysis confirmed excellent agreement between the two measures. This study provides the first evidence that impact microindentation could serve as a surrogate measure for bone fracture behavior. The potential of impact microindentation to non-destructively assess bone fracture resistance could offer valuable insights into bone health without the need for elaborate testing equipment and sample destruction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vaidya, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahani, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Broz, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aboytes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pujari, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krothapalli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.07.552351</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Assessment of bovine cortical bone fracture behavior using impact microindentation as a surrogate of fracture toughness]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.08.552198v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antibody inhibition of influenza A virus assembly and release 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.08.552198v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Antibodies are frontline defenders against influenza virus infection, providing protection through multiple complementary mechanisms. Although a subset of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been shown to restrict replication at the level of virus assembly and release, it remains unclear how potent and pervasive this mechanism of protection is, due in part to the challenge of separating this effect from other aspects of antibody function. To address this question, we developed imaging-based assays to determine how effectively a broad range of mAbs against the IAV surface proteins can specifically restrict viral egress. We find that classically neutralizing antibodies against hemagglutinin are broadly multifunctional, inhibiting virus assembly and release at concentrations one- to twenty-fold higher than the concentrations at which they inhibit viral entry. These antibodies are also capable of altering the morphological features of shed virions, reducing the proportion of filamentous particles. We find that antibodies against neuraminidase and M2 also restrict viral egress, and that inhibition by anti-neuraminidase mAbs is only partly attributable to a loss in enzymatic activity. In all cases, antigen crosslinking - either on the surface of the infected cell, between the viral and cell membrane, or both - plays a critical role in inhibition, and we are able to distinguish between these modes experimentally and through a structure-based computational model. Together, these results provide a framework for dissecting antibody multifunctionality that could help guide the development of improved therapeutic antibodies or vaccines, and that can be extended to other viral families and antibody isotypes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subiaur, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benegal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vahey, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.08.552198</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antibody inhibition of influenza A virus assembly and release]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.08.552506v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GenomeMUSter mouse genetic variation service enables multi-trait, multi-population data integration and analyses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.08.552506v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hundreds of inbred laboratory mouse strains and intercross populations have been used to functionalize genetic variants that contribute to disease. Thousands of disease relevant traits have been characterized in mice and made publicly available. New strains and populations including the Collaborative Cross, expanded BXD and inbred wild-derived strains add to set of complex disease mouse models, genetic mapping resources and sensitized backgrounds against which to evaluate engineered mutations. The genome sequences of many inbred strains, along with dense genotypes from others could allow integrated analysis of trait - variant associations across populations, but these analyses are not feasible due to the sparsity of genotypes available. Moreover, the data are not readily interoperable with other resources. To address these limitations, we created a uniformly dense data resource by harmonizing multiple variant datasets. Missing genotypes were imputed using the Viterbi algorithm with a data-driven technique that incorporates local phylogenetic information, an approach that is extensible to other model organism species. The result is a web- and programmatically-accessible data service called GenomeMUSter (https://muster.jax.org), comprising allelic data covering 657 strains at 106.8M segregating sites. Interoperation with phenotype databases, analytic tools and other resources enable a wealth of applications including multi-trait, multi-population meta-analysis. We demonstrate this in a cross-species comparison of the meta-analysis of Type 2 Diabetes and of substance use disorders, resulting in the more specific characterization of the role of human variant effects in light of mouse phenotype data. Other applications include refinement of mapped loci and prioritization of strain backgrounds for disease modeling to further unlock extant mouse diversity for genetic and genomic studies in health and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ball, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bogue, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srivastava, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashbrook, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamoureux, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerring, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatoum, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emerson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berger, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walton, D. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheppard, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El Kassaby, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castellanos, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramamoorthy, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bluis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sundberg, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peltz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Churchill, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agrawal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bult, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Philip, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chesler, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.08.552506</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GenomeMUSter mouse genetic variation service enables multi-trait, multi-population data integration and analyses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.10.552779v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Utilization of 5-deoxy-nucleosides as Growth Substrates by Extraintestinal Pathogenic E. coli via the Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate Shunt 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.10.552779v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
All organisms utilize S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) as a key co-substrate for methylation of biological molecules, synthesis of polyamines, and radical SAM reactions. When these processes occur, 5-deoxy-nucleosides are formed as byproducts such as S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH), 5-methylthioadenosine (MTA), and 5-deoxyadenosine (5dAdo). One of the most prevalent pathways found in bacteria for the metabolism of MTA and 5dAdo is the DHAP shunt, which converts these compounds into dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and 2-methylthioacetaldehyde or acetaldehyde, respectively. Previous work has shown that the DHAP shunt can enable methionine synthesis from MTA or serve as an MTA and 5dAdo detoxification pathway. Here we show that in Extraintestinal Pathogenic E. coil (ExPEC), the DHAP shunt serves none of these roles in any significant capacity, but rather physiologically functions as an assimilation pathway for use of MTA and 5dAdo as growth substrates. This is further supported by the observation that when MTA is the substrate for the ExPEC DHAP shunt, the sulfur components is not significantly recycled back to methionine, but rather accumulates as 2-methylthioethanol, which is slowly oxidized non-enzymatically under aerobic conditions. While the pathway is active both aerobically and anaerobically, it only supports aerobic ExPEC growth, suggesting that it primarily functions in oxygenic extraintestinal environments like blood and urine versus the predominantly anoxic gut. This reveals a heretofore overlooked role of the DHAP shunt in carbon assimilation and energy metabolism from ubiquitous SAM utilization byproducts and suggests a similar role may occur in other pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria with the DHAP shunt.

ImportanceAcquisition and utilization of organic compounds that can serve as growth substrates is essential for pathogenic E. coli to survive and multiply. Ubiquitous enzymatic reactions involving S-adenosyl-L-methionine as a co-substrate result in the formation of the 5-deoxy-nucleoside byproducts, 5-methylthioadenosine and 5-deoxyadenosine. All E. coli possess a conserved nucleosidase that cleaves these 5-deoxy-nucleosides into 5-deoxy-pentose sugars for adenine salvage. The DHAP shunt pathway, which is found in ExPEC strains but neither in intestinal pathogenic nor commensal E. coli, enables utilization of 5-deoxy-nucleosides and 5-deoxy-pentose sugars as growth substrates by ExPEC strains. This provides insight into the diversity of sugar compounds accessible by ExPEC strains in recalcitrant and nutrient-poor environments such as the urinary tract during infection. Furthermore, given the dihydroxyacetone phosphate shunt pathway appears to only support aerobic E. coli growth, this suggests an explanation as to why intestinal strains that primarily exist in anoxic environments lack this pathway.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huening, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Groves, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wildenthal, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tabita, F. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>North, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.10.552779</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Utilization of 5-deoxy-nucleosides as Growth Substrates by Extraintestinal Pathogenic E. coli via the Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate Shunt]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.08.552542v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Generalization of procedural motor sequence learning after a single practice trial 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.08.552542v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
When humans begin learning new motor skills, they typically display early rapid performance improvements. It is not well understood how knowledge acquired during this early skill learning period generalizes to new, related skills. Here, we addressed this question by investigating factors influencing generalization of early learning from a skill A to a different, but related skill B. Early skill generalization was tested over four experiments (N = 2,095). Subjects successively learned two related motor sequence skills (skills A and B) over different practice schedules. Skill A and B sequences shared ordinal (i.e. - matching keypress locations), transitional (i.e. - ordered keypress pairs), parsing rule (i.e., distinct sequence events like repeated keypresses that can be used as a breakpoint for segmenting the sequence into smaller units) structures, or possessed no structure similarities. Results showed generalization for shared parsing rule structure between skills A and B after only a single 10-second practice trial of skill A. Manipulating the initial practice exposure to skill A (1 to 12 trials) and inter-practice rest interval (0 to 30s) between skills A and B had no impact on parsing rule structure generalization. Furthermore, this generalization was not explained by stronger sensorimotor mapping between individual keypress actions and their symbolic representations. In contrast, learning from skill A did not generalize to skill B during early learning when the sequences shared only ordinal or transitional structure features. These results document sequence structure that can be very rapidly generalized during initial learning to facilitate generalization of skill.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Johnson, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iturrate, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fakhreddine, R. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonstrup, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buch, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robertson, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.08.552542</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Generalization of procedural motor sequence learning after a single practice trial]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.08.552516v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Serotonergic amplification of odor-evoked neural responses maps flexibly onto behavioral outcomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.08.552516v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Behavioral responses to many odorants are not fixed but are flexible, varying based on organismal needs. How such variations arise and the role of various neuromodulators in achieving flexible neural-to-behavioral mapping is not fully understood. In this study, we examined how serotonin modulates the neural and behavioral responses to odorants in locusts (Schistocerca americana). Our results indicated that serotonin can increase or decrease appetitive behavior in an odor-specific manner. On the other hand, in the antennal lobe, serotonergic modulation enhanced odor-evoked response strength but left the temporal features or the combinatorial response profiles unperturbed. This result suggests that serotonin allows for sensitive and robust recognition of odorants. Nevertheless, the uniform neural response amplification appeared to be at odds with the observed stimulus-specific behavioral modulation. We show that a simple linear model with neural ensembles segregated based on behavioral relevance is sufficient to explain the serotonin-mediated flexible mapping between neural and behavioral responses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bessonova, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.08.552516</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Serotonergic amplification of odor-evoked neural responses maps flexibly onto behavioral outcomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.10.552801v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatiotemporal optical control of Gαq-PLCβ interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.10.552801v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cells experience time-varying and spatially heterogeneous chemokine signals in vivo, activating cell surface proteins, including G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The Gq pathway activation by GPCRs is a major signaling axis with a broad physiological and pathological significance. Compared to other G members, GqGTP activates many crucial effectors, including PLC{beta} (Phospholipase C{beta}) and Rho GEFs (Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors). PLC{beta} regulates many key processes, such as hematopoiesis, synaptogenesis, and cell cycle, and is therefore implicated in terminal - debilitating diseases, including cancer, epilepsy, Huntingtons Disease, and Alzheimers Disease. However, due to a lack of genetic and pharmacological tools, examining how the dynamic regulation of PLC{beta} signaling controls cellular physiology has been difficult. Since activated PLC{beta} induces several abrupt cellular changes, including cell morphology, examining how the other pathways downstream of Gq-GPCRs contribute to the overall signaling has also been difficult. Here we show the engineering, validation, and application of a highly selective and efficient optogenetic inhibitor (Opto-dHTH) to completely disrupt GqGTP-PLC{beta} interactions reversibly in user-defined cellular-subcellular regions on optical command. Using this newly gained PLC{beta} signaling control, our data indicate that the molecular competition between RhoGEFs and PLC{beta} for GqGTP determines the potency of Gq-GPCR-governed directional cell migration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ubeysinghe, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kankanamge, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thotamune, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wijayaratna, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohan, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karunarathne, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.10.552801</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatiotemporal optical control of Gαq-PLCβ interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.11.552963v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Glutamate helps unmask the differences in driving forces for phase separation versus clustering of FET family proteins in sub-saturated solutions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.11.552963v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multivalent proteins undergo coupled segregative and associative phase transitions. Phase separation, a segregative transition, is driven by macromolecular solubility, and this leads to coexisting phases above system-specific saturation concentrations. Percolation is a continuous transition that is driven by multivalent associations among cohesive motifs. Contributions from percolation are highlighted by the formation of heterogeneous distributions of clusters in sub-saturated solutions, as was recently reported for Fused in sarcoma (FUS) and FET family proteins. Here, we show that clustering and phase separation are defined by a separation of length- and energy-scales. This is unmasked when glutamate is the primary solution anion. Glutamate is preferentially excluded from protein sites, and this enhances molecular associations. Differences between glutamate and chloride are manifest at ultra-low protein concentrations. These differences are amplified as concentrations increase, and they saturate as the micron-scale is approached. Therefore, condensate formation in supersaturated solutions and clustering in sub-saturated are governed by distinct energy and length scales. Glutamate, unlike chloride, is the dominant intracellular anion, and the separation of scales, which is masked in chloride, is unmasked in glutamate. Our work highlights how components of cellular milieus and sequence-encoded interactions contribute to amplifying distinct contributions from associative versus segregative phase transitions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vogel, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chauhan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ausserwoger, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welsh, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamath, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knowles, T. P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyman, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seidel, C. A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.11.552963</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Glutamate helps unmask the differences in driving forces for phase separation versus clustering of FET family proteins in sub-saturated solutions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.10.552814v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Studies on the International Space Station to assess the effects of microgravity on iPSC-derived neural organoids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.10.552814v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Exposure to microgravity in low-Earth orbit (LEO) has been shown to affect human cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and immune systems. Post-flight brain imaging indicates that reports about astronauts and mouse models suggest that microgravity may cause intracranial fluid shifts and possibly alter white and gray matter of the brain [1]. To focus on the effects of microgravity on the brain, we used induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to produce three-dimensional (3D) human neural organoids as models of the nervous system. We studied iPSCs derived from four individuals, including people with the neurological diseases primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) and Parkinsons disease (PD) and non-symptomatic controls. We patterned the organoids toward cortical and dopaminergic fates representing regions of the brain affected by MS and PD, respectively. Microglia were generated from the same cell lines and integrated into a portion of the organoids. The organoids were maintained for 30 days in a novel static culture system on the International Space Station (ISS) and live samples were returned to Earth. The post-flight samples were evaluated using histology, transcriptome and secretome analysis. Microglia-specific genes and secreted proteins were detectable in the microglia-containing organoid cultures. The gene expression analyses of individual organoids cultured in LEO and on Earth suggest that cell proliferation was lower and neural cells were more mature in samples that were cultured in LEO. These experiments lay the groundwork for further studies, including long term studies to investigate the effects of microgravity on the brain. With two more missions using similar cells, we are determining whether this effect of microgravity is consistent in separate experiments. Such studies may ultimately aid in developing countermeasures for the effects of microgravity on the nervous systems of astronauts during space exploration and suggest novel therapeutic interventions for neurological diseases on Earth.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marotta, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ijaz, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbar, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nijsure, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clements, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoudemire, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grisanti, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noggle, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loring, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fossati, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.10.552814</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Studies on the International Space Station to assess the effects of microgravity on iPSC-derived neural organoids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.10.552826v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Meningeal CSF transport is primarily mediated by the arachnoid and pia maters during development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.10.552826v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe recent characterization of the glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatics has re-emphasized the role of the meninges in facilitating CSF transport and clearance. Here, we characterize small and large CSF solute distribution patterns along the intracranial and surface meninges in neonatal rodents and compare our findings to a rodent model of intraventricular hemorrhage-posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. We also examine CSF interactions with the tela choroidea and its pial invaginations into the choroid plexuses of the lateral, third, and fourth ventricles.

Methods1.9-nm gold nanoparticles, 15-nm gold nanoparticles, or 3 kDa Red Dextran Tetramethylrhodamine constituted in aCSF were infused into the right lateral ventricle of P7 rats to track CSF circulation. 10 minutes post-1.9-nm gold nanoparticle and Red Dextran Tetramethylrhodamine injection and 4 hours post-15-nm gold nanoparticle injection, animals were sacrificed and brains harvested for histologic analysis to identify CSF tracer localization in the cranial and spine meninges and choroid plexus. Spinal dura and leptomeninges (arachnoid and pia) wholemounts were also performed.

ResultsThere was significantly less CSF tracer distribution in the dura compared to the arachnoid and pia maters in neonatal rodents. Both small and large CSF tracers were transported intracranially to the arachnoid and pia mater of the perimesencephalic cisterns and tela choroidea, but not the dura mater of the falx cerebri. CSF tracers followed a similar distribution pattern in the spinal meninges. In the choroid plexus, there was large CSF tracer distribution in the apical surface of epithelial cells, and small CSF tracer along the basolateral surface. There were no significant differences in tracer intensity in the intracranial meninges of control vs. intraventricular hemorrhage-posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) rodents, indicating preserved meningeal transport in the setting of PHH.

ConclusionsDifferential CSF tracer handling by the leptomeninges suggests that there are distinct roles for CSF handling between the arachnoid-pia and dura maters in the developing brain. Similarly, differences in apical vs. luminal choroid plexus CSF handling may provide insight into particle-size dependent CSF transport at the CSF-choroid plexus border.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koleske, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koller, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halupnik, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alli, A.-H. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koneru, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeFreitas, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramagiri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strahle, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.10.552826</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Meningeal CSF transport is primarily mediated by the arachnoid and pia maters during development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.10.552854v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MICROGLIAL CELL EXPRESSION OF THE TYPE 2 CANNABINOID RECEPTOR REGULATES IMMUNE-MEDIATED NEUROINFLAMMATION 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.10.552854v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuroinflammation is a recognized complication of immunotherapeutic approaches such as immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment, chimeric antigen receptor therapy, and graft versus host disease (GVHD) occurring after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. While T cells and inflammatory cytokines play a role in this process, the precise interplay between the adaptive and innate arms of the immune system that propagates inflammation in the central nervous system remains incompletely understood. Using a murine model of GVHD, we demonstrate that type 2 cannabinoid receptor (CB2R) signaling plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of neuroinflammation. In these studies, we identify that CB2R expression on microglial cells induces an activated inflammatory phenotype which potentiates the accumulation of donor-derived proinflammatory T cells, regulates chemokine gene regulatory networks, and promotes neuronal cell death. Pharmacological targeting of this receptor with a brain penetrant CB2R inverse agonist/antagonist selectively reduces neuroinflammation without deleteriously affecting systemic GVHD severity. Thus, these findings delineate a therapeutically targetable neuroinflammatory pathway and has implications for the attenuation of neurotoxicity after GVHD and potentially other T cell-based immunotherapeutic approaches.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moe, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rayasam, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sauber, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szabo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colonna, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romero, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zamora, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hillard, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drobyski, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.10.552854</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MICROGLIAL CELL EXPRESSION OF THE TYPE 2 CANNABINOID RECEPTOR REGULATES IMMUNE-MEDIATED NEUROINFLAMMATION]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.14.552623v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Does urbanization lead to parallel demographic shifts across the world in a cosmopolitan plant? 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.14.552623v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Urbanization is occurring globally, leading to dramatic environmental changes that are altering the ecology and evolution of species. In particular, the expansion of human infrastructure and the loss and fragmentation of natural habitats in cities is predicted to increase genetic drift and reduce gene flow by reducing the size and connectivity of populations. Alternatively, the "urban facilitation model" suggests that some species will have greater gene flow into and within cities leading to higher diversity and lower differentiation in urban populations. These alternative hypotheses have not been contrasted across multiple cities. Here, we used the genomic data from the Global Urban Evolution project (GLUE), to study the effects of urbanization on non-adaptive evolutionary processes of white clover (Trifolium repens) at a global scale. We found that white clover populations presented high genetic diversity and no evidence of a reduction in Ne linked to urbanization. On the contrary, we found that urban populations were less likely to experience a recent decrease in effective population size than rural ones. In addition, we found little genetic structure among populations both globally and between urban and rural populations, which showed extensive gene flow between habitats. Interestingly, white clover displayed overall higher gene flow within urban areas than within rural habitats. Our study provides one of the largest comprehensive tests of demographic effects of urbanization and our results contrast the common perception that heavily altered and fragmented urban environments will reduce the effective population size and genetic diversity of populations and contribute to their isolation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Caizergues, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santangelo, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ness, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angeoletto, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anstett, D. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anstett, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baena-Diaz, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlen, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaves, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Comerford, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dyson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Falahati-Anbaran, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fellowes, M. D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodgins, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hood, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iniguez-Armijos, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kooyers, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazaro-Lobo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moles, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munshi-South, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paule, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porth, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santiago-Rosario, L. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stack Whitney, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tack, A. J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, M. T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.14.552623</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Does urbanization lead to parallel demographic shifts across the world in a cosmopolitan plant?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.11.553030v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Prevotella copri-linked effects of a therapeutic food for malnutrition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.11.553030v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Preclinical and clinical studies are providing evidence that the healthy growth of infants and children reflects, in part, healthy development of their gut microbiomes1-5. This process of microbial community assembly and functional maturation is perturbed in children with acute malnutrition. Gnotobiotic animals, colonized with microbial communities from children with severe and moderate acute malnutrition, have been used to develop microbiome-directed complementary food (MDCF) formulations for repairing the microbiomes of these children during the weaning period5. Bangladeshi children with moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) participating in a previously reported 3-month-long randomized controlled clinical study of one such formulation, MDCF-2, exhibited significantly improved weight gain compared to a commonly used nutritional intervention despite the lower caloric density of the MDCF6. Characterizing the  metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) of bacterial strains present in the microbiomes of study participants revealed a significant correlation between accelerated ponderal growth and the expression by two Prevotella copri MAGs of metabolic pathways involved in processing of MDCF-2 glycans1. To provide a direct test of these relationships, we have now performed  reverse translation experiments using a gnotobiotic mouse model of mother-to-offspring microbiome transmission. Mice were colonized with defined consortia of age- and ponderal growth-associated gut bacterial strains cultured from Bangladeshi infants/children in the study population, with or without P. copri isolates resembling the MAGs. By combining analyses of microbial community assembly, gene expression and processing of glycan constituents of MDCF-2 with single nucleus RNA-Seq and mass spectrometric analyses of the intestine, we establish a principal role for P. copri in mediating metabolism of MDCF-2 glycans, characterize its interactions with other consortium members including Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis, and demonstrate the effects of P. copri-containing consortia in mediating weight gain and modulating the activities of metabolic pathways involved in lipid, amino acid, carbohydrate plus other facets of energy metabolism within epithelial cells positioned at different locations in intestinal crypts and villi. Together, the results provide insights into structure/function relationships between MDCF-2 and members of the gut communities of malnourished children; they also have implications for developing future prebiotic, probiotic and/or synbiotic therapeutics for microbiome restoration in children with already manifest malnutrition, or who are at risk for this pervasive health challenge.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gordon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, H.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pruss, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henrissat, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hibberd, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lynn, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Webber, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crane, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodionov, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arzamasov, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castillo, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Couture, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balcazo, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lebrilla, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Terrapon, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henrissat, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ilkayeva, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muehlbauer, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newgard, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mostafa, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahfuz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osterman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barratt, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.11.553030</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Prevotella copri-linked effects of a therapeutic food for malnutrition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.12.553106v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure and function of the human mitochondrial MRS2 channel 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.12.553106v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human Mitochondrial RNA Splicing 2 protein (MRS2) has been implicated in Mg2+ transport across mitochondrial inner membranes, thus playing an important role in Mg2+ homeostasis critical for mitochondrial integrity and function. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its fundamental channel properties such as ion selectivity and regulation remain unclear. Here, we present structural and functional investigation of MRS2. Cryo-electron microscopy structures in various ionic conditions reveal a pentameric channel architecture and the molecular basis of ion permeation and potential regulation mechanisms. Electrophysiological analyses demonstrate that MRS2 is a Ca2+-regulated, non-selective channel permeable to Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+ and K+, which contrasts with its prokaryotic ortholog, CorA, operating as a Mg2+-gated Mg2+ channel. Moreover, a conserved arginine ring within the pore of MRS2 functions to restrict cation movements, likely preventing the channel from collapsing the proton motive force that drives mitochondrial ATP synthesis. Together, our results provide a molecular framework for further understanding MRS2 in mitochondrial function and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mount, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, M.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.12.553106</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure and function of the human mitochondrial MRS2 channel]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.13.553108v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
F-box protein FBXB-65 regulates anterograde transport of UNC-104 through modification near the PH domain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.13.553108v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Axonal transport is essential for cargo movement between the neuronal cell body and synapses. UNC-104/KIF1A, a Kinesin-3 motor in C. elegans that anterogradely transports precursors of synaptic vesicles (pre-SVs), is known to be degraded at synapses through the ubiquitin pathway. Knockdown of the E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme, uba-1, leads to increased accumulation of UNC-104 at neuronal ends and at synapses of touch receptor neurons (TRNs). Loss of the F-box protein FBXB-65, a putative E3 ligase, leads to UNC-104 accumulation at distal ends of neurons, alters net anterograde movement of UNC-104, and the intensity of moving UNC-104 puncta likely bound to cargo without changes in synaptic UNC-104 levels. Using a theoretical model, we analyze the steady state distribution of the anterogradely moving UNC-104 motor. A good agreement between the model and the experimental distributions leads to a crucial hypothesis that UNC-104 may exhibit cooperative binding with moving motor puncta likely associated with cargo, which is regulated by fbxb-65. FBXB-65 regulates the modification of UNC-104 motor in a region besides the cargo binding PH-domain. Both fbxb-65 and UNC-104 motor independent of FBXB-65 regulate the extent of cargo transport in the axon and transport behaviour of cargo at branch points. Our study shows that modification of UNC-104 near its cargo-binding domain may regulate number of motors on the cargo surface and this regulation can fine-tune cargo transport to its destination, the synapse.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sabharwal, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyanapalli, S. P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shee, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nonet, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nandi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaudhuri, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koushika, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.13.553108</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[F-box protein FBXB-65 regulates anterograde transport of UNC-104 through modification near the PH domain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.13.553149v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Spatial Patterns and Determinants of Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation in the Human Brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.13.553149v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is essential for maintaining brain homeostasis and clearance, and impairments in its flow can lead to various brain disorders. Recent studies have shown that CSF circulation can be interrogated using low b-value diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (low-b dMRI). Nevertheless, the spatial organization of intracranial CSF flow dynamics remains largely elusive. Here, we developed a whole-brain voxel-based analysis framework, termed CSF pseudo-diffusion spatial statistics (C{Psi}SS), to examine CSF mean pseudo-diffusivity (M{Psi}), a measure of CSF flow magnitude derived from low-b dMRI. We showed that intracranial CSF M{Psi} demonstrates characteristic covariance patterns by employing seed-based correlation analysis. Importantly, we applied non-negative matrix factorization analysis to further elucidate the covariance patterns of CSF M{Psi} in a hypothesis-free, data-driven way. We identified distinct CSF spaces that consistently displayed unique pseudo-diffusion characteristics across multiple imaging datasets. Our study revealed that age, sex, brain atrophy, ventricular anatomy, and cerebral perfusion differentially influence M{Psi} across these CSF spaces. Notably, individuals with anomalous CSF flow patterns displayed incidental findings on multimodal neuroradiological examinations. Our work sets forth a new paradigm to study CSF flow, with potential applications in clinical settings.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nazeri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dehkharghanian, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindsay, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LaMontagne, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shimony, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benzinger, T. L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sotiras, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.13.553149</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Spatial Patterns and Determinants of Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation in the Human Brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.14.553242v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Early life high fructose exposure disrupts microglia function and impedes neurodevelopment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.14.553242v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite the success of fructose as a low-cost food additive, recent epidemiological evidence suggests that high fructose consumption by pregnant mothers or during adolescence is associated with disrupted neurodevelopment1-7. An essential step in appropriate mammalian neurodevelopment is the synaptic pruning and elimination of newly-formed neurons by microglia, the central nervous systems (CNS) resident professional phagocyte8-10. Whether early life high fructose consumption affects microglia function and if this directly impacts neurodevelopment remains unknown. Here, we show that both offspring born to dams fed a high fructose diet and neonates exposed to high fructose exhibit decreased microglial density, increased uncleared apoptotic cells, and decreased synaptic pruning in vivo. Importantly, deletion of the high affinity fructose transporter SLC2A5 (GLUT5) in neonates completely reversed microglia dysfunction, suggesting that high fructose directly affects neonatal development. Mechanistically, we found that high fructose treatment of both mouse and human microglia suppresses synaptic pruning and phagocytosis capacity which is fully reversed in GLUT5-deficient microglia. Using a combination of in vivo and in vitro nuclear magnetic resonance- and mass spectrometry-based fructose tracing, we found that high fructose drives significant GLUT5-dependent fructose uptake and catabolism, rewiring microglia metabolism towards a hypo-phagocytic state. Importantly, mice exposed to high fructose as neonates exhibited cognitive defects and developed anxiety-like behavior which were rescued in GLUT5-deficient animals. Our findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the epidemiological observation that early life high fructose exposure is associated with increased prevalence of adolescent anxiety disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Perry, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lipschutz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trzeciak, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miranda, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez de la Torre, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schild, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazarov, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rojas, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saavedra, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romero-Pichardo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baako, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geissmann, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faraco, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Etchegaray, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucas, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parkhurst, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keshari, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.14.553242</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Early life high fructose exposure disrupts microglia function and impedes neurodevelopment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.14.552850v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
APOE2 gene therapy reduces amyloid deposition, and improves markers of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.14.552850v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Epidemiological studies show that individuals who carry the relatively uncommon APOE {varepsilon}2 allele rarely develop Alzheimer disease, and if they do they have a later age of onset, milder clinical course, and less severe neuropathological findings than others with Alzheimer disease. The contrast is especially stark in comparison to the phenotype associated with the major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer disease, APOE {varepsilon}4, which has an age of onset several decades earlier, as well as a more aggressive clinical course and notably more severe neuropathological findings, especially in terms of the amount of amyloid deposition. Even one APOE {varepsilon}2 allele improves phenotype, but it is uncertain if that is due to the replacement of a more toxic allele by APOE {varepsilon}2, or if APOE {varepsilon}2 has a protective, neuro-modulatory effect. Here, we demonstrate that brain exposure to APOE2 via a gene therapy approach which bathes the entire cortical mantle in the gene product after transduction of the ependyma, rapidly ameliorates established A{beta} plaque deposition, neurodegenerative synaptic loss, and, remarkably, reduces microglial activation in an APP/PS1 mouse model despite continued expression of human APOE4. This result suggests a promising protective effect of exogenous APOE2, revealing a cell non-autonomous effect of the protein on microglial activation. We also show that plaque associated microglia in the brain of patients who inherit APOE2 similarly have less microglial reactivity to plaques. These data raise the potential that an APOE2 therapeutic could be effective in Alzheimer disease even in individuals born with the risk {varepsilon}4 allele.

One Sentence SummaryIntroduction of ApoE2 using an AAV that transduces the ependymal cells of the ventricle causes a reduction in amyloid load and plaque associated synapse loss, and reduces neuroinflammation by modulating microglial responsiveness to plaques.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jackson, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keiser, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meltzer, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fykstra, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dierksmeier, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melloni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakajima, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tecedor, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ranum, P. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrell, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holtzman, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyman, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.14.552850</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[APOE2 gene therapy reduces amyloid deposition, and improves markers of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.14.553263v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Population coding of time-varying sounds in the non-lemniscal Inferior Colliculus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.14.553263v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The inferior colliculus (IC) of the midbrain is important for complex sound processing, such as discriminating conspecific vocalizations and human speech. The ICs non-lemniscal, dorsal "shell" region is likely important for this process, as neurons in these layers project to higher-order thalamic nuclei that subsequently funnel acoustic signals to the amygdala and non-primary auditory cortices; forebrain circuits important for vocalization coding in a variety of mammals, including humans. However, the extent to which shell IC neurons transmit acoustic features necessary to discern vocalizations is less clear, owing to the technical difficulty of recording from neurons in the ICs superficial layers via traditional approaches. Here we use 2-photon Ca2+ imaging in mice of either sex to test how shell IC neuron populations encode the rate and depth of amplitude modulation, important sound cues for speech perception. Most shell IC neurons were broadly tuned, with a low neurometric discrimination of amplitude modulation rate; only a subset were highly selective to specific modulation rates. Nevertheless, neural network classifier trained on fluorescence data from shell IC neuron populations accurately classified amplitude modulation rate, and decoding accuracy was only marginally reduced when highly tuned neurons were omitted from training data. Rather, classifier accuracy increased monotonically with the modulation depth of the training data, such that classifiers trained on full-depth modulated sounds had median decoding errors of [~]0.2 octaves. Thus, shell IC neurons may transmit time-varying signals via a population code, with perhaps limited reliance on the discriminative capacity of any individual neuron.

Significance StatementThe ICs shell layers originate a "non-lemniscal" pathway whose first- and second-order targets are thought important for perceiving conspecific vocalizations and human speech. However, prior studies suggest that individual shell IC neurons are broadly tuned and have high response thresholds, implying a limited reliability of efferent signals. Here we use Ca2+ imaging to test how shell IC neurons encode amplitude modulation, a key sound cue for speech perception and stream segregation. We show that the rate and depth of amplitude modulation is accurately represented in the ensemble activity of shell IC neuron populations. Thus, downstream targets can read out a sounds temporal envelope from a distributed rate code transmitted by populations of broadly tuned neurons.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quass, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogalla, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ford, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Czarny, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Apostolides, P. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.14.553263</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Population coding of time-varying sounds in the non-lemniscal Inferior Colliculus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.15.553412v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Normative Modeling Using Multimodal Variational Autoencoders to Identify Individual Heterogeneity in Alzheimer Disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.15.553412v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Structured AbstractO_ST_ABSINTRODUCTIONC_ST_ABSPrevious studies have applied normative modeling on a single neuroimaging modality to investigate Alzheimer Disease (AD) heterogeneity. We employed a deep learning-based multimodal normative framework to analyze individual-level variation across ATN (amyloid-tau-neurodegeneration) imaging biomarkers.

METHODSWe selected cross-sectional discovery (n = 665) and replication cohorts (n = 430) with available T1-weighted MRI, amyloid and tau PET. Normative modeling estimated individual-level abnormal deviations in amyloid-positive individuals compared to amyloid-negative controls. Regional abnormality patterns were mapped at different clinical group levels to assess intra-group heterogeneity. An individual-level disease severity index (DSI) was calculated using both the spatial extent and magnitude of abnormal deviations across ATN.

RESULTSGreater intra-group heterogeneity in ATN abnormality patterns was observed in more severe clinical stages of AD. Higher DSI was associated with worse cognitive function and increased risk of disease progression.

DISCUSSIONSubject-specific abnormality maps across ATN reveal the heterogeneous impact of AD on the brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kumar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Earnest, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payne, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sotiras, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.15.553412</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Normative Modeling Using Multimodal Variational Autoencoders to Identify Individual Heterogeneity in Alzheimer Disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.16.553570v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Biophysical Mechanism of Allosteric Regulation of Actin Capping Protein 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.16.553570v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Actin capping protein (CP) can be regulated by steric and allosteric mechanisms. The molecular mechanism of the allosteric regulation at a biophysical level includes linkage between the binding sites for three ligands: F-actin, Capping-Protein-Interacting (CPI) motifs, and V-1/myotrophin, based on biochemical functional studies and solvent accessibility experiments. Here, we investigated the mechanism of allosteric regulation at the atomic level using single-molecule Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and molecular dynamics (MD) to assess the conformational and structural dynamics of CP in response to linked-binding site ligands. In the absence of ligand, both single-molecule FRET and MD revealed two distinct conformations of CP in solution; previous crystallographic studies revealed only one. CPI-motif peptide association induced conformational changes within CP that propagate in one direction, while V-1 association induced conformational changes in the opposite direction. Comparing CPI-motif peptides from different proteins, we identified variations in CP conformations and dynamics that are specific to each CPI motif. MD simulations for CP alone and in complex with a CPI motif and V-1 reveal atomistic details of the conformational changes. Analysis of the interaction of CP with wildtype (wt) and chimeric CPI-motif peptides using single-molecule FRET, isothermal calorimetry (ITC) and MD simulation indicated that conformational and affinity differences are intrinsic to the C-terminal portion of the CPI-motif. We conclude that allosteric regulation of CP involves changes in conformation that disseminate across the protein to link distinct binding-site functions. Our results provide novel insights into the biophysical mechanism of the allosteric regulation of CP.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mooren, O. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stuchell-Brereton, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McConnell, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilkerson, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldfarb, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sept, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soranno, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.16.553570</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Biophysical Mechanism of Allosteric Regulation of Actin Capping Protein]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.17.553623v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural Basis for Hyperpolarization-dependent Opening of the Human HCN1 Channel 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.17.553623v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hyperpolarization and cyclic-nucleotide (HCN) activated ion channels play a critical role in generating self-propagating action potentials in pacemaking and rhythmic electrical circuits in the human body. Unlike most voltage-gated ion channels, the HCN channels activate upon membrane hyperpolarization, but the structural mechanisms underlying this gating behavior remain unclear. Here, we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of human HCN1 in Closed, Intermediate, and Open states. Our structures reveal that the inward motion of two gating charges past the charge transfer center (CTC) and concomitant tilting of the S5 helix drives the opening of the central pore. In the intermediate state structure, a single gating charge is positioned below the CTC and the pore appears closed, whereas in the open state structure, both charges move past CTC and the pore is fully open. Remarkably, the downward motion of the voltage sensor is accompanied by progressive unwinding of the inner end of S4 and S5 helices disrupting the tight gating interface that stabilizes the Closed state structure. This "melting" transition at the intracellular gating interface leads to a concerted iris-like displacement of S5 and S6 helices, resulting in pore opening. These findings reveal key structural features that are likely to underlie reversed voltage-dependence of HCN channels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Burtscher, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mount, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cowgill, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bickel, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chanda, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.17.553623</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural Basis for Hyperpolarization-dependent Opening of the Human HCN1 Channel]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.17.553700v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Thermodynamic Coupling of the tandem RRM domains of hnRNP A1 underlie its Pleiotropic RNA Binding Functions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.17.553700v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The functional properties of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) require allosteric regulation through inter-domain communication. Despite the foundational importance of allostery to biological regulation, almost no studies have been conducted to describe the biophysical nature by which inter-domain communication manifests in RBPs. Here, we show through high-pressure studies with hnRNP A1 that inter-domain communication is vital for the unique stability of its N- terminal domain containing a tandem of RNA Recognition Motifs (RRMs). Despite high sequence similarity and nearly identical tertiary structures, the two RRMs exhibit drastically different stability under pressure. RRM2 unfolds completely under high-pressure as an individual domain, but when appended to RRM1, it remains stable. Variants in which inter-domain communication is disrupted between the tandem RRMs show a large decrease in stability under pressure. Carrying these mutations over to the full-length protein for in vivo experiments revealed that the mutations affected the ability of the disordered C-terminus to engage in protein-protein interactions and more importantly, they also influenced the RNA binding capacity. Collectively, this work reveals that thermodynamic coupling between the tandem RRMs of hnRNP A1 accounts for its allosteric regulatory functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Levengood, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Potoyan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penumutchu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kutluay, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roche, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tolbert, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.17.553700</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Thermodynamic Coupling of the tandem RRM domains of hnRNP A1 underlie its Pleiotropic RNA Binding Functions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.16.553610v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mapping Human Tissues with Highly Multiplexed RNA in situ Hybridization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.16.553610v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In situ transcriptomic techniques promise a holistic view of tissue organization and cell-cell interactions. Recently there has been a surge of multiplexed RNA in situ techniques but their application to human tissues and clinical biopsies has been limited due to their large size, general lower tissue quality and high background autofluorescence. Here we report DART-FISH, a versatile padlock probe-based technology capable of profiling hundreds to thousands of genes in centimeter-sized human tissue sections at cellular resolution. We introduced an omni-cell type cytoplasmic stain, dubbed RiboSoma that substantially improves the segmentation of cell bodies. We developed a computational decoding-by-deconvolution workflow to extract gene spots even in the presence of optical crowding. Our enzyme-free isothermal decoding procedure allowed us to image 121 genes in a large section from the human neocortex in less than 10 hours, where we successfully recapitulated the cytoarchitecture of 20 neuronal and non-neuronal subclasses. Additionally, we demonstrated the detection of transcripts as short as 461 nucleotides, including neuropeptides and discovered new cortical layer markers. We further performed in situ mapping of 300 genes on a diseased human kidney, profiled >20 healthy and pathological cell states, and identified diseased niches enriched in transcriptionally altered epithelial cells and myofibroblasts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kalhor, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nafisi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Que, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lake, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kharchenko, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knoten, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaut, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keene, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lein, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, J.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.16.553610</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mapping Human Tissues with Highly Multiplexed RNA in situ Hybridization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.17.553745v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dorsal raphe neurons signal integrated value during multi-attribute decision-making 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.17.553745v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) is implicated in psychiatric disorders that feature impaired sensitivity to reward amount, impulsivity when facing reward delays, and risk-seeking when grappling with reward uncertainty. However, whether and how DRN neurons signal reward amount, reward delay, and reward uncertainty during multi-attribute value-based decision-making, where subjects consider all these attributes to make a choice, is unclear. We recorded DRN neurons as monkeys chose between offers whose attributes, namely expected reward amount, reward delay, and reward uncertainty, varied independently. Many DRN neurons signaled offer attributes. Remarkably, these neurons commonly integrated offer attributes in a manner that reflected monkeys overall preferences for amount, delay, and uncertainty. After decision-making, in response to post-decision feedback, these same neurons signaled signed reward prediction errors, suggesting a broader role in tracking value across task epochs and behavioral contexts. Our data illustrate how DRN participates in integrated value computations, guiding theories of DRN in decision-making and psychiatric disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Feng, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bromberg-Martin, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monosov, I. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.17.553745</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dorsal raphe neurons signal integrated value during multi-attribute decision-making]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.18.552639v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Prenatal environment is associated with the pace of cortical network development over the first three years of life 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.18.552639v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Environmental influences on brain structure and function during early development have been well-characterized. In pre-registered analyses, we test the theory that socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with differences in trajectories of intrinsic brain network development from birth to three years (n = 261). Prenatal SES is associated with developmental increases in cortical network segregation, with neonates and toddlers from lower-SES backgrounds showing a steeper increase in cortical network segregation with age, consistent with accelerated network development. Associations between SES and cortical network segregation occur at the local scale and conform to a sensorimotor-association hierarchy of cortical organization. SES-associated differences in cortical network segregation are associated with language abilities at two years, such that lower segregation is associated with improved language abilities. These results yield key insight into the timing and directionality of associations between the early environment and trajectories of cortical development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tooley, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Latham, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kenley, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexopoulos, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smyser, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warner, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shimony, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neil, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luby, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barch, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smyser, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.18.552639</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Prenatal environment is associated with the pace of cortical network development over the first three years of life]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.21.554146v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Active learning of enhancer and silencer regulatory grammar in photoreceptors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.21.554146v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cis-regulatory DNA elements (CRE) are composed of transcription factor (TF) binding sites that direct cell type-specific gene expression. Deep learning is an emerging strategy to model CREs, but the genome offers too few training examples to learn the complex interactions between TF binding sites that govern CRE activities. We address this limitation using active learning to iteratively train models that predict enhancer and silencer activities in the developing mouse retina. Active learning doubled the performance of models trained on genomic data, resulting in models that accurately distinguish between enhancers and silencers composed of the same TF binding sites. The ability of these models to discriminate between functionally non-equivalent binding sites establishes active learning as an effective strategy for modeling regulatory DNA.

One sentence summaryModels of regulatory DNA learn critical interactions between transcription factor binding sites with active machine learning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Friedman, R. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lichtarge, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myers, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Granas, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gause, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbo, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.21.554146</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Active learning of enhancer and silencer regulatory grammar in photoreceptors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.24.554658v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell-extrinsic effects of Irf2 on cDC2 development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.24.554658v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Characterization of the functional effects of cDC2s in vivo requires model systems in which cDC2s are depleted. Previous literature has reported a loss of cDC2s in mice lacking the transcription factor IRF21,2. We sought to further characterize the cDC2 defect in these animals. Here, we find that the requirement for IRF2 in cDC2 development and survival is cell-extrinsic and correlated to the development of dermatitis in the Irf2-/- model system. We also find that Flt3L-mediated in vitro development of cDC1s and cDC2s, but not pDCs, is abrogated in Irf2-/- bone marrow, as well as in wild-type bone marrow cultured with IFN. Loss of interferon  (IFN) signaling in Irf2-/- mice restored cDC2 development in vivo and cDC1 and cDC2 development in vitro. We therefore conclude that IRF2 is required for cDC2 development in a cell-extrinsic manner dependent on IFN signaling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>O'Connor, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.24.554658</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell-extrinsic effects of Irf2 on cDC2 development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.26.554944v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TRPM7-dependent electrical signals drive phagocytic clearance for effective anti-fungal defense 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.26.554944v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sentinel phagocytes of the innate immune system have a critical role in detecting and eliminating fungal pathogens. We used patch clamp electrophysiology to explore the electrical signals elicited when macrophages engulf Candida albicans. In the perforated patch configuration, which is least disruptive to intracellular signaling, we detected a composite outwardly rectifying current during the engulfment of C. albicans or zymosan. FTY720, a known inhibitor of ion channel TRPM7, suppressed the current. We then tested the hypothesis that TRPM7 regulates the engulfment and clearance of C. albicans. We found that Trpm7-/- macrophages are highly deficient in the engulfment of C. albicans. Trpm7-/- macrophages initiate phagocytosis of yeast but are defective in sealing the phagocytic cups. While the precise mechanism through which TRPM7 regulates phagosome sealing is not clear, we tested the immunological significance of this discovery using a mouse model of systemic candidiasis. We show that in mice, wherein TRPM7 is deleted selectively in the myeloid cells, infection by C. albicans results in significantly higher lethality, increased colonization of vital organs and increased inflammatory cytokines in the blood. Our study establishes TRPM7 as an ion channel critical for the innate immune responses against fungal pathogens and sets the stage for cell biological studies that define the mechanisms through which TRPM7 regulates phagosome sealing.

Significance statementThe worldwide increase in deadly or persistent fungal infections has prompted the research for alternative ways of treatment. We applied the specialized, perforated patch clamp technique to track and identify electrical currents elicited during the detection and engulfment of fungi by macrophages. The ion channel TRPM7 emerged as an important determinant of anti-fungal host defense as its deletion in the murine myeloid cells made the host mice highly susceptible to lethal candidiasis. Ion channels are attractive drug targets whose activation and inhibition can be manipulated with pharmacological therapeutics. This study raises the possibility of enhancing fungal clearance using activators of TRPM7. Such pharmacological strategy may benefit patients of persistent fungal infections that are recalcitrant to anti-fungal drugs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stremska, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stipes, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jang, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Busey, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iobst, W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seegren, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desai, B. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.26.554944</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TRPM7-dependent electrical signals drive phagocytic clearance for effective anti-fungal defense]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.25.554678v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Glioblastoma-infiltrating CD8+ T cells are predominantly a clonally expanded GZMK+ effector population 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.25.554678v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent clinical trials have highlighted the limited efficacy of T cell-based immunotherapy in patients with glioblastoma (GBM). To better understand the characteristics of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in GBM, we performed cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing (CITE-seq) and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) with paired V(D)J sequencing, respectively, on TIL from two cohorts of patients totaling 15 patients with high grade glioma, including GBM or astrocytoma, IDH mutant, grade 4 (G4A). Analysis of the CD8+ TIL landscape reveals an enrichment of clonally expanded GZMK+ effector T cells in the tumor compared to matched blood, which was validated at the protein level. Furthermore, integration with other cancer types highlights the lack of a canonically exhausted CD8+ T cell population in GBM TIL. These data suggest that GZMK+ effector T cells represent an important T cell subset within the GBM microenvironment and which may harbor potential therapeutic implications.

SignificanceIn order to understand the limited efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade in GBM, we endeavor to understand the TIL landscape through a multi-omics approach. In this study, by highlighting the enrichment of GZMK+ effector T cells and lack of exhausted T cells, we provide a new potential mechanism of resistance to immunotherapy in GBM.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, A. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mashimo, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaettler, M. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sherpa, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leavitt, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Livingstone, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anzaldua-Campos, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bradley, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leuthardt, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dowling, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chicoine, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cahill, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petti, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johanns, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunn, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.25.554678</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Glioblastoma-infiltrating CD8+ T cells are predominantly a clonally expanded GZMK+ effector population]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.27.555018v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Energy flux couples sulfur isotope fractionation to proteomic and metabolite profiles in Desulfovibrio vulgaris 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.27.555018v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbial sulfate reduction is central to the global carbon cycle and the redox evolution of Earths surface. Tracking the activity of sulfate reducing microorganisms over space and time relies on a nuanced understanding of stable sulfur isotope fractionation in the context of the biochemical machinery of the metabolism. Here we link the magnitude of stable sulfur isotopic fractionation to proteomic and metabolite profiles under different cellular energetic regimes. When energy availability is limited, cell specific sulfate respiration rates and net sulfur isotope fractionation inversely co-vary. Beyond net S isotope fractionation values, we also quantified shifts in protein expression, abundances and isotopic composition of intracellular S metabolites, and lipid structures and lipid/water H isotope fractionation values. These coupled approaches reveal which protein abundances shift directly as a function of energy flux, those that vary minimally, and those that may vary independent of energy flux and likely do not contribute to shifts in S-isotope fractionation. By coupling the bulk S-isotope observations with quantitative proteomics, we provide novel constraints for metabolic isotope models. Together, these results lay the foundation for more predictive metabolic fractionation models, alongside interpretations of environmental sulfur and sulfate reducer lipid-H isotope data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Leavitt, W. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waldbauer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venceslau, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sim, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boidi, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plummer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pereira, I. A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bradley, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.27.555018</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Energy flux couples sulfur isotope fractionation to proteomic and metabolite profiles in Desulfovibrio vulgaris]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.26.554837v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Brain mechanisms underlying the emotion processing bias in treatment-resistant depression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.26.554837v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Depression is associated with a cognitive bias towards negative information and away from positive information. This biased emotion processing may underlie core depression symptoms, including persistent feelings of sadness or low mood and a reduced capacity to experience pleasure. The neural mechanisms responsible for this biased emotion processing remain unknown. Here, we had a unique opportunity to record stereotactic electroencephalography (sEEG) signals in the amygdala and prefrontal cortex (PFC) from 5 treatment-resistant depression (TRD) patients and 12 epilepsy patients (as control) while they participated in an affective bias task in which happy and sad faces were rated. First, compared with the control group, patients with TRD showed increased amygdala responses to sad faces in the early stage (around 300 ms) and decreased amygdala responses to happy faces in the late stage (around 600 ms) following the onset of faces. Further, during the late stage of happy face processing, alpha-band activity in PFC as well as alpha-phase locking between the amygdala and PFC were significantly greater in TRD patients compared to the controls. Second, after deep brain stimulation (DBS) delivered to bilateral subcallosal cingulate (SCC) and ventral capsule/ventral striatum (VC/VS), atypical amygdala and PFC processing of happy faces in TRD patients remitted toward the normative pattern. The increased amygdala activation during the early stage of sad face processing suggests an overactive bottom-up processing system in TRD. Meanwhile, the reduced amygdala response during the late stage of happy face processing could be attributed to inhibition by PFC through alpha-band oscillation, which can be released by DBS in SCC and VC/VS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mocchi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pascuzzi, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metzger, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathura, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hacker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adkinson, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartoli, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elhassa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watrous, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodman, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pouratian, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bijanki, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.26.554837</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Brain mechanisms underlying the emotion processing bias in treatment-resistant depression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.28.554707v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Brain-Derived CCN3 Is An Osteoanabolic Hormone That Sustains Bone in Lactating Females 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.28.554707v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In lactating mothers, the high calcium (Ca2+) demand for milk production triggers significant bone resorption. While estrogen would normally counteract excessive bone loss and maintain sufficient bone formation during this postpartum period, this sex steroid drops precipitously after giving birth. Here, we report that brain-derived CCN3 (Cellular Communication Network factor 3) secreted from KISS1 neurons of the arcuate nucleus (ARCKISS1) fills this void and functions as a potent osteoanabolic factor to promote bone mass in lactating females. Using parabiosis and bone transplant methods, we first established that a humoral factor accounts for the female-specific, high bone mass previously observed by our group after deleting estrogen receptor alpha (ER) from ARCKISS1 neurons1. This exceptional bone phenotype in mutant females can be traced back to skeletal stem cells (SSCs), as reflected by their increased frequency and osteochondrogenic potential. Based on multiple assays, CCN3 emerged as the most promising secreted pro-osteogenic factor from ARCKISS1 neurons, acting on mouse and human SSCs at low subnanomolar concentrations independent of age or sex. That brain-derived CCN3 promotes bone formation was further confirmed by in vivo gain- and loss-of-function studies. Notably, a transient rise in CCN3 appears in ARCKISS1 neurons in estrogen-depleted lactating females coincident with increased bone remodeling and high calcium demand. Our findings establish CCN3 as a potentially new therapeutic osteoanabolic hormone that defines a novel female-specific brain-bone axis for ensuring mammalian species survival.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Babey, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krause, W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herber, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nikkannen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriquez, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castro-Navarro, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villeda, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lance, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheller, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, C. K. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ambrosi, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ingraham, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.28.554707</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Brain-Derived CCN3 Is An Osteoanabolic Hormone That Sustains Bone in Lactating Females]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.30.555581v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cryptosporidium infection of human small intestinal epithelial cells induces type III interferon and impairs infectivity of Rotavirus. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.30.555581v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cryptosporidiosis is a major cause of severe diarrheal disease in infants from resource poor settings. The majority of infections are caused by the human-specific pathogen C. hominis and absence of in vitro growth platforms has limited our understanding of host-pathogen interactions and development of effective treatments. To address this problem, we developed a stem cell-derived culture system for C. hominis using human enterocytes differentiated under air-liquid interface (ALI) conditions. Human ALI cultures supported robust growth and complete development of C. hominis in vitro including all life cycle stages. C. hominis infection induced a strong interferon response from enterocytes, likely driven by an endogenous dsRNA virus in the parasite. Prior infection with Cryptosporidium induced type III IFN secretion and consequently blunted infection with Rotavirus, including live attenuated vaccine strains. The development of hALI provides a platform for further studies on human-specific pathogens, including clinically important coinfections that may alter vaccine efficacy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Greigert, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saraav, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Son, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dayao, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tzipori, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Witola, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stappenbeck, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sibley, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.30.555581</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cryptosporidium infection of human small intestinal epithelial cells induces type III interferon and impairs infectivity of Rotavirus.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.29.555186v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatiotemporal development of the human T follicular helper cell response to Influenza vaccination 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.29.555186v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We profiled blood and draining lymph node (LN) samples from human volunteers after influenza vaccination over two years to define evolution in the T follicular helper cell (TFH) response. We show LN TFH cells expanded in a clonal-manner during the first two weeks after vaccination and persisted within the LN for up to six months. LN and circulating TFH (cTFH) clonotypes overlapped but had distinct kinetics. LN TFH cell phenotypes were heterogeneous and mutable, first differentiating into pre-TFH during the month after vaccination before maturing into GC and IL-10+ TFH cells. TFH expansion, upregulation of glucose metabolism, and redifferentiation into GC TFH cells occurred with faster kinetics after re-vaccination in the second year. We identified several influenza-specific TFH clonal lineages, including multiple responses targeting internal influenza proteins, and show each TFH state is attainable within a lineage. This study demonstrates that human TFH cells form a durable and dynamic multi-tissue network.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schattgen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghonim, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crawford, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmitz, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Awad, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McIntire, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haile, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klebert, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suessen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Middleton, W. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teefey, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Presti, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellebedy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.29.555186</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatiotemporal development of the human T follicular helper cell response to Influenza vaccination]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.30.553213v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Substrate-Specific Function of PNPLA3 Facilitates Hepatic VLDL-Triglyceride Secretion During Stimulated Lipogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.30.553213v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The I148M variant of PNPLA3 is strongly linked to hepatic steatosis. Evidence suggests a gain-of-function role for the I148M mutant as an ATGL inhibitor, leaving the physiological relevance of wild-type PNPLA3 undefined. Here we show that PNPLA3 selectively degrades triglycerides (TGs) enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) independently of ATGL in cultured cells and mice. Lipidomics and metabolite tracing analyses demonstrated that PNPLA3 mobilizes PUFAs from intracellular TGs for phospholipid desaturation, supporting hepatic secretion of TG-rich lipoproteins. Consequently, mice with liver-specific knockout or acute knockdown of PNPLA3 both exhibited aggravated liver steatosis and concomitant decreases in plasma VLDL-TG, phenotypes that manifest only under lipogenic conditions. I148M-knockin mice similarly displayed impaired hepatic TG secretion during lipogenic stimulation. Our results highlight a specific context whereby PNPLA3 facilitates the balance between hepatic TG storage and secretion and suggest the potential contributions of I148M variant loss-of-function to the development of hepatic steatosis in humans.

Summary StatementWe define the physiological role of wild type PNPLA3 in maintaining hepatic VLDL-TG secretion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Johnson, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMahon, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burr, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madeyski-Bengtson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Linden, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.30.553213</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Substrate-Specific Function of PNPLA3 Facilitates Hepatic VLDL-Triglyceride Secretion During Stimulated Lipogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.30.553559v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Large-scale annotated dataset for cochlear hair cell detection and classification 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.30.553559v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Our sense of hearing is mediated by cochlear hair cells, localized within the sensory epithelium called the organ of Corti. There are two types of hair cells in the cochlea, which are organized in one row of inner hair cells and three rows of outer hair cells. Each cochlea contains a few thousands of hair cells, and their survival is essential for our perception of sound because they are terminally differentiated and do not regenerate after insult. It is often desirable in hearing research to quantify the number of hair cells within cochlear samples, in both pathological conditions, and in response to treatment. However, the sheer number of cells along the cochlea makes manual quantification impractical. Machine learning can be used to overcome this challenge by automating the quantification process but requires a vast and diverse dataset for effective training. In this study, we present a large collection of annotated cochlear hair-cell datasets, labeled with commonly used hair-cell markers and imaged using various fluorescence microscopy techniques. The collection includes samples from mouse, human, pig and guinea pig cochlear tissue, from normal conditions and following in-vivo and in-vitro ototoxic drug application. The dataset includes over 90,000 hair cells, all of which have been manually identified and annotated as one of two cell types: inner hair cells and outer hair cells. This dataset is the result of a collaborative effort from multiple laboratories and has been carefully curated to represent a variety of imaging techniques. With suggested usage parameters and a well-described annotation procedure, this collection can facilitate the development of generalizable cochlear hair cell detection models or serve as a starting point for fine-tuning models for other analysis tasks. By providing this dataset, we aim to supply other groups within the hearing research community with the opportunity to develop their own tools with which to analyze cochlear imaging data more fully, accurately, and with greater ease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Buswinka, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenberg, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simikyan, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osgood, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nitta, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayashi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liberman, L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yildiz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jarysta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renauld, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wesson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thapa, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bordiga, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMurtry, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Llamas, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kitcher, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Porras, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behnammanesh, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bird, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ballesteros, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Velez-Ortega, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edge, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deans, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gnedeva, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shrestha, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manor, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ricci, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tarchini, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basch, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stepanyan, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landegger, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rutherford, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liberman, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walters, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kros, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richardson, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cunningham, L</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.30.553559</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Large-scale annotated dataset for cochlear hair cell detection and classification]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.30.555598v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromatin Profiling of CBFA2T3-GLIS2 AMLs Identifies Key Transcription Factor Dependencies and BRG1 Inhibition as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.30.555598v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Oncogenic fusions involving transcription factors are present in the majority of pediatric leukemias; however, the context-specific mechanisms they employ to drive cancer remain poorly understood. CBFA2T3-GLIS2 (C/G) fusions occur in treatment-refractory acute myeloid leukemias and are restricted to young children. To understand how the C/G fusion drives oncogenesis we applied CUT&RUN chromatin profiling to an umbilical cord blood/endothelial cell (EC) co-culture model of C/G AML that recapitulates the biology of this malignancy. We find C/G fusion binding is mediated by its zinc finger domains. Integration of fusion binding sites in C/G- transduced cells with Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) sites in control cord blood cells identifies MYCN, ZFPM1, ZBTB16 and LMO2 as direct C/G targets. Transcriptomic analysis of a large pediatric AML cohort shows that these genes are upregulated in C/G patient samples. Single cell RNA-sequencing of umbilical cord blood identifies a population of megakaryocyte precursors that already express many of these genes despite lacking the fusion. By integrating CUT&RUN data with CRISPR dependency screens we identify BRG1/SMARCA4 as a vulnerability in C/G AML. BRG1 profiling in C/G patient-derived cell lines shows that the CBFA2T3 locus is a binding site, and treatment with clinically-available BRG1 inhibitors reduces fusion levels and downstream C/G targets including N-MYC, resulting in C/G leukemia cell death and extending survival in a murine xenograft model.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kaonis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katiyar, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merrill, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hylkema, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Namciu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Babaeva, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ikeda, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Girard, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furuyama, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ries, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernstein, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meshinchi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henikoff, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meers, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hadland, B. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarthy, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.30.555598</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromatin Profiling of CBFA2T3-GLIS2 AMLs Identifies Key Transcription Factor Dependencies and BRG1 Inhibition as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.31.555756v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Outer mitochondrial membrane E3 Ub ligase MARCH5 controls mitochondrial steps in peroxisome biogenesis. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.31.555756v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Peroxisome de novo biogenesis requires yet unidentified mitochondrial proteins. We report that the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM)-associated E3 Ub ligase MARCH5 is vital for generating mitochondria-derived pre-peroxisomes. MARCH5 knockout results in accumulation of immature peroxisomes and lower expression of various peroxisomal proteins. Upon fatty acid-induced peroxisomal biogenesis, MARCH5 redistributes to newly formed peroxisomes; the peroxisomal biogenesis under these conditions is inhibited in MARCH5 knockout cells. MARCH5 activity-deficient mutants are stalled on peroxisomes and induce accumulation of peroxisomes containing high levels of the OMM protein Tom20 (mitochondria-derived pre-peroxisomes). Furthermore, depletion of peroxisome biogenesis factor Pex14 leads to the formation of MARCH5- and Tom20-positive peroxisomes, while no peroxisomes are detected in Pex14/MARCH5 dko cells. Reexpression of WT, but not MARCH5 mutants, restores Tom20-positive pre-peroxisomes in Pex14/MARCH5 dko cells. Thus, MARCH5 acts upstream of Pex14 in mitochondrial steps of peroxisome biogenesis. Our data validate the hybrid, mitochondria-dependent model of peroxisome biogenesis and reveal that MARCH5 is an essential mitochondrial protein in this process.

SummaryThe authors found that mitochondrial E3 Ub ligase MARCH5 controls the formation of mitochondria-derived pre-peroxisomes. The data support the hybrid, mitochondria-dependent model of peroxisome biogenesis and reveal that MARCH5 is an essential mitochondrial protein in this process.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Karbowski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verhoeven, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oshima, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cartier-Zamorano, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neutzner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyman, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.31.555756</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Outer mitochondrial membrane E3 Ub ligase MARCH5 controls mitochondrial steps in peroxisome biogenesis.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.31.555772v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sequential early-life viral infections modulate the microbiota and adaptive immune responses to systemic and mucosal vaccination 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.31.555772v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Increasing evidence points to the microbial exposome as a critical factor in maturing and shaping the host immune system, thereby influencing responses to immune challenges such as infections or vaccines. To investigate the effect of early-life viral exposures on immune development and vaccine responses, we inoculated mice with six distinct viral pathogens in sequence beginning in the neonatal period, and then evaluated their immune signatures before and after intramuscular or intranasal vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Sequential viral infection drove profound changes in all aspects of the immune system, including increasing circulating leukocytes, altering innate and adaptive immune cell lineages in tissues, and markedly influencing serum cytokine and total antibody levels. Beyond these immune responses changes, these exposures also modulated the composition of the endogenous intestinal microbiota. Although sequentially-infected mice exhibited increased systemic immune activation and T cell responses after intramuscular and intranasal SARS-CoV-2 immunization, we observed decreased vaccine-induced antibody responses in these animals. These results suggest that early-life viral exposures are sufficient to diminish antibody responses to vaccination in mice, and highlight their potential importance of considering prior microbial exposures when investigating vaccine responses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molleston, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ingle, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aggarwal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nolan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hassan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foster, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamond, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baldridge, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.31.555772</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sequential early-life viral infections modulate the microbiota and adaptive immune responses to systemic and mucosal vaccination]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.01.555947v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tauopathy severely disrupts homeostatic set-points in emergent neural dynamics but not the activity of individual neurons. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.01.555947v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The homeostatic regulation of neuronal activity is essential for robust computation; key set-points, such as firing rate, are actively stabilized to compensate for perturbations. From this perspective, the disruption of brain function central to neurodegenerative disease should reflect impairments of computationally essential set-points. Despite connecting neurodegeneration to functional outcomes, the impact of disease on set-points in neuronal activity is unknown. Here we present a comprehensive, theory-driven investigation of the effects of tau-mediated neurodegeneration on homeostatic set-points in neuronal activity. In a mouse model of tauopathy, we examine 27,000 hours of hippocampal recordings during free behavior throughout disease progression. Contrary to our initial hypothesis that tauopathy would impact set-points in spike rate and variance, we found that cell-level set-points are resilient to even the latest stages of disease. Instead, we find that tauopathy disrupts neuronal activity at the network-level, which we quantify using both pairwise measures of neuron interactions as well as measurement of the networks nearness to criticality, an ideal computational regime that is known to be a homeostatic set-point. We find that shifts in network criticality 1) track with symptoms, 2) predict underlying anatomical and molecular pathology, 3) occur in a sleep/wake dependent manner, and 4) can be used to reliably classify an animals genotype. Our data suggest that the critical set-point is intact, but that homeostatic machinery is progressively incapable of stabilizing hippocampal networks, particularly during waking. This work illustrates how neurodegenerative processes can impact the computational capacity of neurobiological systems, and suggest an important connection between molecular pathology, circuit function, and animal behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McGregor, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farris, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ensley, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneider, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elmore, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ronayne, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wessel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dyer, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhaskaran-Nair, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holtzman, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hengen, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.01.555947</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tauopathy severely disrupts homeostatic set-points in emergent neural dynamics but not the activity of individual neurons.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.04.556156v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
KAT2 paralogs prevent dsRNA accumulation and interferon signaling to maintain intestinal stem cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.04.556156v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Histone acetyltransferases KAT2A and KAT2B are paralogs highly expressed in the intestinal epithelium, but their functions are not well understood. In this study, double knockout of murine Kat2 genes in the intestinal epithelium was lethal, resulting in robust activation of interferon signaling and interferon-associated phenotypes including the loss of intestinal stem cells. Use of pharmacological agents and sterile organoid cultures indicated a cell-intrinsic double-stranded RNA trigger for interferon signaling. Acetyl-proteomics and dsRIP-seq were employed to interrogate the mechanism behind this response, which identified mitochondria-encoded double-stranded RNA as the source of intrinsic interferon signaling. Kat2a and Kat2b therefore play an essential role in regulating mitochondrial functions as well as maintaining intestinal health.

Highlights of the workO_LIKat2a and Kat2b double knockout in the murine intestinal epithelium triggers activation of the interferon signaling pathway
C_LIO_LIKat2a/Kat2b knockout leads to intestinal stem cell loss and other mucosal phenotypes consistent with interferon activation
C_LIO_LIHistone PTM mass spec profiling reveals the first in vivo study showing H3K9ac-specific loss with Kat2a and Kat2b double knockout, yet without correlation to interferon signaling pathway genes
C_LIO_LIComprehensive proteomic analysis identifies non-histone acetyl-lysine targets of KAT2 in the mouse intestine in vivo, including mitochondrial proteins
C_LIO_LIMitochondrial function is compromised upon Kat2 loss
C_LIO_LIdsRIP-seq identifies double-stranded RNA from the mitochondria as a trigger for the intrinsic immune response upon Kat2 double knockout
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, M.-U. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Potgieter, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfeffer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawlor, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halstead, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dent, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saenz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Z.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sidoli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellison, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verzi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.04.556156</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[KAT2 paralogs prevent dsRNA accumulation and interferon signaling to maintain intestinal stem cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.04.556248v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distractor-specific control adaptation in multidimensional environments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.04.556248v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Goal-directed behavior requires humans to constantly manage and switch between multiple, independent, and conflicting, sources of information. Conventional cognitive control tasks, however, only feature one task and one source of distraction. Therefore, it is unclear how control is allocated in multidimensional environments. To address this question, we developed a multi-dimensional task-set interference paradigm, in which people need to manage distraction from three independent dimensions. We use this task to test whether people adapt to prior conflict by enhancing task-relevant information or suppressing task-irrelevant information. Three experiments provided strong evidence for the latter hypothesis. Moreover, control adaptation was highly dimension-specific. Conflict from a given dimension only affected processing of that same dimension on subsequent trials, with no evidence for generalization. A new neural network model shows that our results can only be simulated when including multiple independent conflict-detector units. Our results call for an update to classic models of cognitive control, and their neurocomputational underpinnings.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gheza, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kool, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.04.556248</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distractor-specific control adaptation in multidimensional environments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.02.556041v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reduced social function in experimentally evolved Dictyostelium discoideum implies selection for social conflict in nature 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.02.556041v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many microbes interact with one another, but the difficulty of directly observing these interactions in nature makes interpreting their adaptive value complicated. The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum forms aggregates wherein some cells are sacrificed for the benefit of others. Within chimeric aggregates containing multiple unrelated lineages, cheaters can gain an advantage by undercontributing, but the extent to which wild D. discoideum has adapted to cheat is not fully clear. In this study, we experimentally evolved D. discoideum in an environment where there were no selective pressures to cheat or resist cheating in chimeras. D. discoideum lines grown in this environment evolved reduced competitiveness within chimeric aggregates and reduced ability to migrate during the slug stage. By contrast, we did not observe a reduction in cell number, a trait for which selection was not relaxed. The observed loss of traits that our laboratory conditions had made irrelevant suggests that these traits were adaptations driven and maintained by selective pressures D. discoideum faces in its natural environment. Our results suggest that D. discoideum faces social conflict in nature, and illustrate a general approach that could be applied to searching for social or non-social adaptations in other microbes.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMicrobes interact in diverse and important ways, but the difficulty of directly observing microbes in nature can make it challenging to understand the adaptive significance of these interactions. In this study, we present an experimental evolution approach to infer the selective pressures behind an apparently social trait in the microbe Dictyostelium discoideum. We take advantage of the observation that organisms  use it or lose it - when selective pressures are relaxed, adaptations that evolved in response to those pressures tend to be lost. Our work helps resolve debate over the importance of cheating in D. discoideum, and demonstrates a general approach that could be applied to the study of other microbial traits that are difficult to observe in nature.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Larsen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahan, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brock, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strassmann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Queller, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.02.556041</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reduced social function in experimentally evolved Dictyostelium discoideum implies selection for social conflict in nature]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.05.555978v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Atrial arrhythmogenesis in ex vivo aged mouse hearts with hypokalemia and right atrial stretch 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.05.555978v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionAtrial Fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter (AFL) are the two most common cardiac arrhythmias in the United States. While advanced age has been correlated to AF/AFL, the lack of an appropriate animal model has hindered progress on better understanding the pathophysiology of atrial arrhythmogenesis. Both hypokalemic conditions and hemodynamic stretch have been associated with atrial tachyarrhythmias in patient populations. The purpose of this study was to examine the incidence of atrial tachyarrhythmias in an ex vivo aging C57BL/6 mouse model following hypokalemia and stretch challenges.

MethodsHearts were isolated with combined cannulation of the aorta and superior vena cava in a modified right-sided working heart perfusion technique. Isolated hearts of Aged (26-29 month) male (n=14) and female (n=14) mice were subjected to normokalemic and hypokalemic conditions {+/-} atrial preload elevation to 12 cmH20 to induce atrial stretch. Heart rate, right ventricular (RV) pressure development, and incidence of atrial tachyarrhythmias were monitored using a pressure catheter and intracardiac electrocardiogram.

ResultsIn response to hypokalemia, there were no changes in mean heart rate, RV pressure development, or RV Rate-Pressure Product (Rate x RV peak pressure). Atrial tachyarrhythmias were not observed under baseline conditions, and only 1 of 8 hearts exhibited atrial tachycardia following the hypokalemia challenge. In response to atrial preload elevation, there was an increase in heart rate (P=0.0006 versus baseline) with no change in RV pressure development. RV Rate-Pressure Product was significantly elevated (P=0.013 versus baseline) with atrial preload due to the increase in heart rate.

Atrial tachyarrhythmias were not observed under both baseline conditions and following atrial preload elevation. In response to the combined hypokalemia and preload challenges, there was an increase in heart rate (P=0.008 versus baseline) with no change in RV pressure development or RV Rate Pressure product. Atrial tachyarrhythmias were not observed under baseline conditions, yet after the combined challenges 50% of aged hearts exhibited atrial tachycardia or AF/AFL. During bouts of AF/AFL, the AF/AFL led to a variable ventricular response and concomitant contractile dysfunction in the form of variable RV pressure development.

ConclusionEx vivo aged mouse hearts exhibit atrial tachyarrhythmias in response to combined hypokalemia and right atrial stretch conditions. The aged C57BL/6 mouse model is therefore useful for pre-clinical studies of atrial arrhythmogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cayton, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nourian, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lambert, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Domeier, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.05.555978</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Atrial arrhythmogenesis in ex vivo aged mouse hearts with hypokalemia and right atrial stretch]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.05.556380v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regulatory Transposable Elements in the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.05.556380v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transposable elements (TEs) make up about half of the human genome and many have the biochemical hallmarks of tissue- or cell type-specific cis-regulatory elements. While some TEs have been rigorously documented to contribute directly to host gene regulation, we still have a very partial view of their regulatory landscape. Leveraging Phase 4 ENCODE data, we carried out the most comprehensive study to date of TE contributions to the regulatory genome. Here we investigated the sequence origins of candidate cis-regulatory elements (cCREs), showing that [~]25% of human cCREs comprising 236,181 elements are derived from TEs. Human-mouse comparisons indicate that over 90% of TE-derived cCREs are lineage-specific, accounting for 8-36% of lineage-specific cCREs across cCRE types. Next, we found that cCRE-associated transcription factor (TF) binding motifs in TEs originated from TE ancestral sequences significantly more than expected in all TE classes except for SINEs. Using both cCRE and TF binding data, we discovered that TEs providing cCREs and TF binding sites are closer in genomic distance to non-TE sites compared to other TEs, suggesting that TE integration site influences their later co-option as regulatory elements. We show that TEs have promoted TF binding site turnover events since human-mouse divergence, accounting for 3-56% of turnover events across 30 TFs examined. Finally, we demonstrate that TE-derived cCREs share similar features with non-TE cCREs, including massively parallel reporter assay activity and GWAS variant enrichment. Overall, our results substantiate the notion that TEs have played an important role in shaping the human regulatory genome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Du, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chobirko, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feschotte, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.05.556380</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regulatory Transposable Elements in the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.06.556565v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Anatomical Modeling and Optimization of Speckle Contrast Optical Tomography 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.06.556565v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Traditional methods for mapping cerebral blood flow (CBF), such as positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, offer only isolated snapshots of CBF due to scanner logistics. Speckle contrast optical tomography (SCOT) is a promising optical technique for mapping CBF. However, while SCOT has been established in mice, the method has not yet been demonstrated in humans - partly due to a lack of anatomical reconstruction methods and uncertainty over the optimal design parameters. Herein we develop SCOT reconstruction methods that leverage MRI-based anatomical head models and finite-element modeling of the SCOT forward problem (NIRFASTer). We then simulate SCOT for CBF perturbations to evaluate sensitivity of imaging performance to exposure time and SD-distances. We find image resolution comparable to intensity-based diffuse optical tomography at superficial cortical tissue depth ([~]1.5 cm). Localization errors can be reduced by including longer SD-measurements. With longer exposure times speckle contrast decreases, however, noise decreases faster, resulting in a net increase in SNR. Specifically, extending exposure time from 10s to 10ms increased SCOT SNR by 1000X. Overall, our modeling methods provide anatomically-based image reconstructions that can be used to evaluate a broad range of tissue conditions, measurement parameters, and noise sources and inform SCOT system design.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-H. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orukari, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frisk, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verma, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chetia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beslija, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eggebrecht, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durduran, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Culver, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trobaugh, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.06.556565</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Anatomical Modeling and Optimization of Speckle Contrast Optical Tomography]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.06.556587v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In the social amoeba D. discoideum, shortened stalks limit obligate cheater success even when exploitable partners are available. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.06.556587v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cooperation is widespread across life, but its existence can be threatened by exploitation. The rise of obligate social cheaters that are incapable of contributing to a necessary cooperative function can lead to the loss of that function and to the extinction of populations. In the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum, obligate social cheaters cannot form dead stalk cells and in chimeras instead form living spore cells. This gives them a competitive advantage within chimeras. However, obligate cheaters of this kind are not found in nature, probably because they are often enough in clonal populations that they need to retain the ability to produce stalks. In this study we discovered an additional cost to obligate cheaters. Even when there are wild-type cells to parasitize, the chimeric fruiting bodies that result have shorter stalks and these are disadvantaged in spore dispersal. The inability of obligate cheaters to form fruiting bodies when they are on their own combined with the lower functionality of fruiting bodies when they are not represent limits on obligate social cheating as a strategy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Medina, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larsen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Queller, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strassmann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.06.556587</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In the social amoeba D. discoideum, shortened stalks limit obligate cheater success even when exploitable partners are available.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.05.556426v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In Vivo Biorthogonal Antibody Click for Dual Targeting and Augmented Efficacy in Cancer Treatment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.05.556426v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have emerged as promising therapeutics for cancer treatment; however, their effectiveness has been limited by single antigen targeting, potentially leading to resistance mechanisms triggered by tumor compensatory pathways or reduced expression of the target protein. Here, we present antibody-ADC click, an approach that harnesses bioorthogonal click chemistry for in vivo dual receptor targeting, irrespective of the levels of the tumors expression of the ADC-targeting antigen. Antibody-ADC click enables targeting heterogeneity and enhances antibody internalization and drug delivery inside cancer cells, resulting in potent toxicity. We conjugated antibodies and ADCs to the bioorthogonal click moieties tetrazine (Tz) and trans-cyclooctene (TCO). Through sequential antibody administration in living biological systems, we achieved dual receptor targeting by in vivo clicking of antibody-TCO with antibody-Tz. We show that the clicked antibody therapy outperformed conventional ADC monotherapy or antibody combinations in preclinical models mimicking ADC-eligible, ADC-resistant, and ADC-ineligible tumors. Antibody-ADC click enables in vivo dual-antigen targeting without extensive antibody bioengineering, sustains tumor treatment, and enhances antibody-mediated cytotoxicity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pereira, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panikar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berry, N.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shmuel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keltee, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.05.556426</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In Vivo Biorthogonal Antibody Click for Dual Targeting and Augmented Efficacy in Cancer Treatment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.07.556695v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Colonization of larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) with adherent-invasive Escherichia coli prevents recovery of the intestinal mucosa from drug-induced colitis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.07.556695v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a broad term for a range of chronic intestinal disorders, including Crohns disease and ulcerative colitis. The global prevalence of IBD is rising, with over one million patients affected in the US alone. Adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC) is a pathobiont frequently found in IBD biopsies. AIEC adhere to and invade epithelial cells, and can survive inside phagocytes in vitro. However, how AIEC contribute to IBD in vivo remains unclear. Here, we established a larval zevbrafish (Danio rerio) model to study the interplay between pre-existing intestinal inflammation and AIEC colonization of the gut. We used the pro-inflammatory drug dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to induce colitis. This was followed by food-borne infection of larvae with AIEC using the protozoan Paramecium caudatum, a natural prey, as a vehicle.

We show that AIEC more robustly colonizes the zebrafish gut, and persists for longer, compared to non-pathogenic E. coli. In addition, DSS induced colitis increases both bacterial burden and persistence in the larval gut. We benchmark our model against existing rodent models using two mutants deficient in the known AIEC virulence factors FimH and IbeA, which have virulence defects in both rodent and the larval zebrafish model. Finally, we show that AIEC colonization exacerbates DSS induced colitis and prevents recovery from inflammation. In conclusion, we established a high-throughput, genetically tractable model to study AIEC-host interactions in the context of chronic inflammation.

IMPORTANCEAlthough inflammatory bowel diseases are on the rise, a lot remains to be learned about the link between IBD severity and the underlying cause. Although host genetics, microbiome, and environmental factors have all been shown to correlate with the development of IBD, cause and effect are difficult to disentangle in this context. For example, AIEC is a known pathobiont found in IBD patients, but it remains unclear if gut inflammation during IBD facilitates colonization with AIEC, or if AIEC colonization makes the host more susceptible towards pro-inflammatory stimuli. To develop successful therapeutics, it is critical to understand the mechanisms that contribute to AIEC infections in a susceptible host. Here, we show that the larval zebrafish model recapitulates key features of AIEC infections in other animal models, and can be utilized to address these gaps in knowledge.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Flores, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dutta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bosserman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Hoof, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krachler, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.07.556695</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Colonization of larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) with adherent-invasive Escherichia coli prevents recovery of the intestinal mucosa from drug-induced colitis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.08.556759v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dual Role of Neuroplastin in Pancreatic Beta Cells: Regulating Insulin Secretion and Promoting Islet Inflammation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.08.556759v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident secretory protein that reduces inflammation and promotes proliferation in pancreatic {beta} cells. Numerous studies have highlighted the potential of MANF as a therapeutic agent for diabetes mellitus (DM), making it essential to understand the mechanisms underlying MANFs functions. In our previous search for a molecule that mediates MANF signaling, we identified Neuroplastin (NPTN) as a binding partner of MANF that localizes on the cell surface. However, the roles of NPTN in pancreatic {beta} cells remain unclear. In this study, we generated {beta} cell-specific Nptn knockout (KO) mice and conducted metabolic characterization. NPTN deficiency improved glucose tolerance by increasing insulin secretion and {beta} cell mass in the pancreas. Moreover, proliferation and mitochondrial numbers in {beta} cells increased in Nptn KO islets. These phenotypes resulted from elevated cytosolic Ca2+ levels and subsequent activation of downstream molecules. Simultaneously, we demonstrated that NPTN induces the expression of proinflammatory cytokines via the TRAF6-NF-{kappa}B axis in {beta} cells. Additionally, NPTN deficiency conferred resistance to STZ-induced diabetic phenotypes. Finally, exogenous MANF treatment in islets or {beta} cells led to similar phenotypes as those observed in NPTN-deficient models. These results indicate that NPTN plays important roles in the regulation of insulin secretion, proliferation, and mitochondrial quantity, as well as pro-inflammatory responses, which are antagonized by MANF treatment. Thus, targeting the MANF-NPTN interaction may lead to a novel treatment for improving {beta} cell functions in diabetes mellitus.

Significance statementMesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident small secretory protein that has the potential as therapeutic agent for various diseases related to inflammation and ER stress, such as Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Our work shed light on the roles of a binding partner protein of MANF, Neuroplastin (NPTN), in pancreatic {beta} cells. We demonstrated NPTN regulates Ca2+ dynamics as well as inflammation in pancreatic {beta} cells. NPTN deficiency caused improved insulin secretion as well as the resistance to Type 1 diabetic phenotypes. We also found out that MANF treatment leads to similar phenotypes observed in NPTN deficient models through antagonizing NPTNs functions. Overall, our results provide a new insight into treatment for improving {beta} cell functions in diabetes mellitus.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kitamura, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hummel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urano, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.08.556759</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dual Role of Neuroplastin in Pancreatic Beta Cells: Regulating Insulin Secretion and Promoting Islet Inflammation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.08.556884v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microglial 25-hydroxycholesterol mediates neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration ina tauopathy mouse model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.08.556884v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alzheimers disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in addition to neuroinflammation and changes in brain lipid metabolism. Recent findings have demonstrated that microglia are key drivers of neurodegeneration in tauopathy mouse models. A subset of microglia referred to as disease-associated microglia (DAM) display gene signatures signifying changes in proinflammatory signaling and lipid metabolism in mouse models of amyloid and tau pathology. Ch25h is a DAM gene encoding cholesterol 25-hydroxylase that produces 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC), a known modulator of inflammation as well as lipid metabolism. However, whether Ch25h influences tau-mediated neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration is unknown. Here, we show that in the absence of Ch25h and the resultant reduction in 25HC there is strikingly reduced age-dependent neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus and entorhinal/piriform cortex of PS19 mice, which express the P301S mutant human tau transgene. Transcriptomic analyses of bulk hippocampal tissue and single nuclei revealed that Ch25h deficiency in PS19 mice strongly suppressed proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine signaling in microglia and restored sterol synthesis. Our results suggest a key role for Ch25h/25HC in potentiating proinflammatory signaling to promote tau-mediated neurodegeneration. Ch25h may represent a novel therapeutic target for primary tauopathies, AD, and other neuroinflammatory diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Toral-Rios, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ulrich, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strickland, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holtzman, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>CASHIKAR, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.08.556884</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microglial 25-hydroxycholesterol mediates neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration ina tauopathy mouse model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.08.556856v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
No model to rule them all: a systematic comparison of 83 thermal performance curve models across traits and taxonomic groups 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.08.556856v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In ectotherms, the performance of physiological, ecological and life-history traits universally increases with temperature to a maximum before decreasing again. Identifying the most appropriate thermal performance model for a specific trait type has broad applications, from metabolic modelling at the cellular level to forecasting the effects of climate change on population, ecosystem and disease transmission dynamics. To date, numerous mathematical models have been designed, but a thorough comparison among them is lacking. In particular, we do not know if certain models consistently outperform others and how factors such as sampling resolution and trait or organismal identity influence model performance. To fill this knowledge gap, we compile 2,739 thermal performance datasets from diverse traits and taxa, to which we fit a comprehensive set of 83 existing mathematical models. We detect remarkable variation in model performance that is not primarily driven by sampling resolution, trait type, or taxonomic information. Our results reveal a surprising lack of well-defined scenarios in which certain models are more appropriate than others. To aid researchers in selecting the appropriate set of models for any given dataset or research objective, we derive a classification of the 83 models based on the average similarity of their fits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kontopoulos, D. - G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sentis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daufresne, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dell, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pawar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.08.556856</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[No model to rule them all: a systematic comparison of 83 thermal performance curve models across traits and taxonomic groups]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.08.556921v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Negative allosteric modulation of the μ-opioid receptor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.08.556921v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The {micro}-opioid receptor ({micro}OR) is a well-established target for analgesia, yet conventional opioid receptor agonists cause serious adverse effects, notably addiction and respiratory depression, which have led to the present opioid overdose epidemic. {micro}OR negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) may serve as powerful tools in preventing opioid overdose deaths, but promising chemical scaffolds remain elusive. We screened a large DNA-encoded chemical library against inactive {micro}OR, counter-screening with active, G-protein and agonist bound receptor to "steer" selections toward functional negative allosteric modulators. We discovered a NAM compound with high and selective enrichment to inactive {micro}OR; the molecule potently blocks the activity of orthosteric agonists and enhances the affinity of the key opioid overdose reversal molecule, naloxone. It accomplishes this by binding to a site on the extracellular vestibule proximal to naloxone, stabilizing a unique inactive conformation of the extracellular portions of the second and seventh transmembrane helices. The NAM perturbs orthosteric ligand kinetics in therapeutically desirable ways and works cooperatively with low doses of naloxone in vivo to inhibit morphine-induced antinociception, respiratory depression and conditioned place preference while minimizing withdrawal behaviors. Our results provide detailed structural insights into the mechanism of a negative allosteric modulator for the {micro}OR and demonstrate how it can be exploited in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>O'Brien, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangari, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El Daibani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eans, S. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shiimura, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishna Kumar, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Appourchaux, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathiesen, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Che, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McLaughlin, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Majumdar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kobilka, B. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.08.556921</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Negative allosteric modulation of the μ-opioid receptor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.08.556892v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NF2 Loss-of-Function and Hypoxia Drive Radiation Resistance in Grade 2 Meningiomas 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.08.556892v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundWorld Health Organization Grade 2 meningiomas (G2Ms) exhibit an aggressive natural history characterized by recurrence and therapy resistance. G2Ms with histopathological necrosis have been associated with worse local control (LC) following radiation therapy, but drivers and biomarkers of radiation resistance in these G2Ms remain unknown.

MethodsWe performed genetic sequencing and histopathological analysis of 113 G2Ms and investigated the role of intratumoral hypoxia as well as genes of interest through knockdown and clonogenic survival following ionizing radiation. Lastly, we performed transcriptional profiling of our in vitro model and 18 G2M tumors using RNA sequencing.

ResultsNF2 loss-of-function (LOF) mutations were associated with necrosis in G2Ms (p=0.0127). Tumors with NF2 mutation and necrosis had worse post-radiation LC compared to NF2 wildtype tumors without necrosis (p=0.035). Under hypoxic conditions, NF2 knockdown increased radiation resistance in vitro (p<0.001). Bulk RNA sequencing of our in vitro model revealed NF2- and hypoxia-specific changes and a 50-gene set signature specific to radiation resistant, NF2 knockdown and hypoxic cells, which could distinguish NF2 mutant and necrotic patient G2Ms by unsupervised clustering. Gene set enrichment analysis of patient tumor and in vitro data revealed downregulation of apoptosis and upregulation of proliferation in NF2-deficient and hypoxic cells, which we validated with functional assays.

ConclusionsNF2 LOF in the setting of hypoxia confers radiation resistance through transcriptional programs that reduce apoptosis and promote proliferation. These pathways may identify tumors resistant to radiation and represent therapeutic targets that in the future could improve LC in patients with radiation resistant G2Ms.

KEY POINTS1. Spontaneous necrosis with NF2 mutations is associated with radio-resistance in WHO G2Ms.

2. NF2 knockdown in the setting of hypoxia confers radio-resistance to meningioma cells in vitro and is driven by increased cell proliferation and decreased apoptosis.

IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDYWorld Health Organization Grade 2 meningiomas (G2M) are often treated with surgical resection followed by radiation, especially in the case of recurrence. However, the mechanisms underlying radiation resistance in G2Ms remain to be identified, and moreover, we lack biomarkers to distinguish G2Ms that will respond to radiotherapy from those that are refractory. In this study we perform histological and molecular analysis of a large cohort of G2Ms to identify predictors of radiation resistance. Using these data and an in vitro model of radiation therapy, we demonstrate that radiation resistance in G2Ms is likely driven by the combination of NF2 gene mutations and the hypoxia that accompanies tumor necrosis. Patients whose tumors bear these two features may therefore benefit from alternative treatments that target specific pathways implicated in radiation resistance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Patel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pugazenthi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>English, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahlokozera, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leidig, W. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeSouza, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sinha, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ippolito, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dahiya, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petti, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yano, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klisch, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harmanci, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.08.556892</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NF2 Loss-of-Function and Hypoxia Drive Radiation Resistance in Grade 2 Meningiomas]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.08.556867v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-OMIC analysis of Huntington disease reveals a neuroprotective astrocyte state 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.08.556867v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Huntington disease (HD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease characterized by neuronal loss and astrogliosis. One hallmark of HD is the selective neuronal vulnerability of striatal medium spiny neurons. To date, the underlying mechanisms of this selective vulnerability have not been fully defined. Here, we employed a multi-omic approach including single nucleus RNAseq (snRNAseq), bulk RNAseq, lipidomics, HTT gene CAG repeat length measurements, and multiplexed immunofluorescence on post-mortem brain tissue from multiple brain regions of HD and control donors. We defined a signature of genes that is driven by CAG repeat length and found it enriched in astrocytic and microglial genes. Moreover, weighted gene correlation network analysis showed loss of connectivity of astrocytic and microglial modules in HD and identified modules that correlated with CAG-repeat length which further implicated inflammatory pathways and metabolism. We performed lipidomic analysis of HD and control brains and identified several lipid species that correlate with HD grade, including ceramides and very long chain fatty acids. Integration of lipidomics and bulk transcriptomics identified a consensus gene signature that correlates with HD grade and HD lipidomic abnormalities and implicated the unfolded protein response pathway. Because astrocytes are critical for brain lipid metabolism and play important roles in regulating inflammation, we analyzed our snRNAseq dataset with an emphasis on astrocyte pathology. We found two main astrocyte types that spanned multiple brain regions; these types correspond to protoplasmic astrocytes, and fibrous-like - CD44-positive, astrocytes. HD pathology was differentially associated with these cell types in a region-specific manner. One protoplasmic astrocyte cluster showed high expression of metallothionein genes, the depletion of this cluster positively correlated with the depletion of vulnerable medium spiny neurons in the caudate nucleus. We confirmed that metallothioneins were increased in cingulate HD astrocytes but were unchanged or even decreased in caudate astrocytes. We combined existing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with a GWA study conducted on HD patients from the original Venezuelan cohort and identified a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the metallothionein gene locus associated with delayed age of onset. Functional studies found that metallothionein overexpressing astrocytes are better able to buffer glutamate and were neuroprotective of patient-derived directly reprogrammed HD MSNs as well as against rotenone-induced neuronal death in vitro. Finally, we found that metallothionein-overexpressing astrocytes increased the phagocytic activity of microglia in vitro and increased the expression of genes involved in fatty acid binding. Together, we identified an astrocytic phenotype that is regionally-enriched in less vulnerable brain regions that can be leveraged to protect neurons in HD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Paryani, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwon, J.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madden, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ofori, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahajan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basile, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McHugh, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vonsattel, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hickman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zody, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Houseman, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldman, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoo, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menon, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Dalahmah, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.08.556867</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-OMIC analysis of Huntington disease reveals a neuroprotective astrocyte state]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.12.557411v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exogenous 4-1BB co-stimulation enhances memory B cell response during malaria. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.12.557411v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
T-dependent germinal center (GC) output, comprising plasma cells (PC) and memory B cells (MBC), is crucial for the clearance of Plasmodium infection and protection against reinfection. In this study, we examined the effect of an agonistic antibody targeting 4-1BB (CD137), a member of the Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily (TNFRSF), during experimental malaria. Here we show that exogenous 4-1BB stimulation, despite delaying the effector GC response, surprisingly enhanced humoral memory recall and protection from reinfection. Single cell RNA and ATAC sequencing of MBCs from mice that received 4-1BB stimulation revealed distinct populations with transcriptional and epigenetic signatures indicative of superior recall and proliferative potential. Importantly, our results indicate that the effects of 4-1BB stimulation are dependent on IL-9R signaling in B cells but independent of parasite load during primary infection. Our study proposes an immunomodulatory approach to enhance the quality of the MBC pool, providing superior protection during infection and vaccination, particularly in the context of malaria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Caloba, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sturtz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramachandran, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>John, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malkina, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minns, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindner, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vijay, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.12.557411</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exogenous 4-1BB co-stimulation enhances memory B cell response during malaria.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.13.557571v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Resolving the nanoscale structure of β-sheet assemblies using single-molecule orientation-localization microscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.13.557571v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Synthetic peptides that self-assemble into cross-{beta} fibrils have remarkable utility as engineered biomaterials due to their modularity and biocompatibility, but their structural and morphological similarity to amyloid species has been a long-standing concern for their translation. Further, their polymorphs are difficult to characterize using spectroscopic and imaging techniques that rely on ensemble averaging to achieve high resolution. Here, we utilize single-molecule orientation-localization microscopy (SMOLM) to characterize fibrils formed by the designed amphipathic enantiomers, KFE8L and KFE8D, and the pathological amyloid-beta peptide A{beta}42. SMOLM reveals that the orientations of Nile red, as it transiently binds to both KFE8 and A{beta}42, are consistent with a helical (bilayer) ribbon structure and convey the precise tilt of the fibrils inner and outer backbones. SMOLM also finds polymorphic branched and curved morphologies of KFE8 whose backbones exhibit much more heterogeneity than those of more typical straight fibrils. Thus, SMOLM is a powerful tool to interrogate the structural differences and polymorphism between engineered and pathological cross {beta}-rich fibrils.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Neill, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rudra, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lew, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.13.557571</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Resolving the nanoscale structure of β-sheet assemblies using single-molecule orientation-localization microscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.16.558069v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Poly-basic peptides and polymers as new drug candidate against Plasmodium falciparum 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.16.558069v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plasmodium falciparum, the malaria-causing parasite, is a leading cause of infection-induced deaths worldwide. The preferred treatment approach is artemisinin-combination therapy, which couples fast-acting artemisinin derivatives with longer-acting drugs like lumefantrine, mefloquine, and amodiaquine. However, the urgency for new treatments has risen due to the parasites growing resistance to existing therapies. Our study shows that a common characteristic of the P. falciparum proteome - stretches of poly-lysine residues such as those found in proteins related to adhesion and pathogenicity - can serve as an effective peptide treatment for infected erythrocytes. A single dose of these poly-basic peptides can successfully diminish parasitemia in human erythrocytes in vitro with minimal toxicity. The effectiveness of the treatment correlates with the length of the poly-lysine peptide, with 30 lysine peptides supporting the eradication of erythrocytic parasites within 72 hours. PEG-ylation of the poly-lysine peptides or utilizing poly-lysine dendrimers and polymers further increases parasite clearance efficiency and bolsters the stability of these potential new therapeutics. Lastly, our affinity pull-downs and mass-spectrometry identify P. falciparums outer membrane proteins as likely targets for polybasic peptide medications. Since poly-lysine dendrimers are already FDA-approved for drug delivery, their adaptation as antimalarial drugs presents a promising new therapeutic strategy.

One-Sentence SummaryOur study demonstrates that poly-lysine peptides, particularly those modified through PEG-ylation or in the form of poly-lysine dendrimers, can effectively reduce Plasmodium falciparum, the causative agent of malaria, in human erythrocytes in vitro, with potential for use as a promising new antimalarial therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sivakumar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Floyd, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jessey, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bayguinov, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitzpatrick, J. A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldfarb, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jovanovic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tripathi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Djuranovic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pavlovic Djuranovic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.16.558069</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Poly-basic peptides and polymers as new drug candidate against Plasmodium falciparum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.13.557630v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Circadian regulation of MGMT expression and promoter methylation underlies daily rhythms in TMZ sensitivity in glioblastoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.13.557630v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor in adults. Despite extensive research and clinical trials, median survival post-treatment remains at 15 months. Thus, all opportunities to optimize current treatments and improve patient outcomes should be considered. A recent retrospective clinical study found that taking TMZ in the morning compared to the evening was associated with a 6-month increase in median survival in patients with MGMT-methylated GBM. Here, we hypothesized that TMZ efficacy depends on time-of-day and O6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase (MGMT) activity in murine and human models of GBM.

Methods and ResultsIn vitro recordings using real-time bioluminescence reporters revealed that GBM cells have intrinsic circadian rhythms in the expression of the core circadian clock genes Bmal1 and Per2, as well as in the DNA repair enzyme, MGMT. Independent measures of MGMT transcript levels and promoter methylation also showed daily rhythms intrinsic to GBM cells. These cells were more susceptible to TMZ when delivered at the daily peak of Bmal1 transcription. We found that in vivo morning administration of TMZ also decreased tumor size and increased body weight compared to evening drug delivery in mice bearing GBM xenografts. Finally, inhibition of MGMT activity with O6-Benzylguanine abrogated the daily rhythm in sensitivity to TMZ in vitro by increasing sensitivity at both the peak and trough of Bmal1 expression.

ConclusionWe conclude that chemotherapy with TMZ can be dramatically enhanced by delivering at the daily maximum of tumor Bmal1 expression and minimum of MGMT activity.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=164 SRC="FIGDIR/small/557630v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez-Aponte, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Damato, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trebucq, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simon, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cardenas-Garcia, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patti, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golombek, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiesa, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herzog, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.13.557630</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Circadian regulation of MGMT expression and promoter methylation underlies daily rhythms in TMZ sensitivity in glioblastoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.16.557842v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CXCR3-CXCL11 signaling restricts angiogenesis and promotes pericyte recruitment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.16.557842v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Endothelial cell (EC)-pericyte interactions are known to remodel in response to hemodynamic forces, yet there is a lack of mechanistic understanding of the signaling pathways that underlie these events. Here, we have identified a novel signaling network regulated by blood flow in ECs--the chemokine receptor, CXCR3, and one of its ligands, CXCL11--that delimits EC angiogenic potential and suppresses pericyte recruitment during development through regulation of pdgfb expression in ECs. In vitro modeling of EC-pericyte interactions demonstrates that suppression of EC-specific CXCR3 signaling leads to loss of pericyte association with EC tubes. In vivo, phenotypic defects are particularly noted in the cranial vasculature, where we see a loss of pericyte association with and expansion of the vasculature in zebrafish treated with the Cxcr3 inhibitor AMG487. We also demonstrate using flow modeling platforms that CXCR3-deficient ECs are more elongated, move more slowly, and have impaired EC-EC junctions compared to their control counterparts. Together these data suggest that CXCR3 signaling in ECs drives vascular stabilization events during development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Goeckel, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levitas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colijn, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mun, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burton, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chintalapati, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abello, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stratman, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.16.557842</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CXCR3-CXCL11 signaling restricts angiogenesis and promotes pericyte recruitment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.18.558258v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Attenuating midline thalamus bursting to mitigate absence epilepsy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.18.558258v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Advancing the mechanistic understanding of absence epilepsy is crucial for developing new therapeutics, especially for patients unresponsive to current treatments. Utilizing a recently developed mouse model of absence epilepsy carrying the BK gain-of-function channelopathy D434G, here we report that attenuating the burst firing of midline thalamus (MLT) neurons effectively prevents absence seizures. We found that enhanced BK channel activity in the BK-D434G MLT neurons promotes synchronized bursting during the ictal phase of absence seizures. Modulating MLT neurons through pharmacological reagents, optogenetic stimulation, or deep brain stimulation effectively attenuates burst firing, leading to reduced absence seizure frequency and increased vigilance. Additionally, enhancing vigilance by amphetamine, a stimulant medication, or physical perturbation also effectively suppresses MLT bursting and prevents absence seizures. These findings suggest that the MLT is a promising target for clinical interventions. Our diverse approaches offer valuable insights for developing new therapeutics to treat absence epilepsy.

HighlightsThe midline thalamus (MLT) is a key thalamic region for absence seizure pathogenesis MLT neurons exhibit synchronized bursting during ictal phase. BK channel contributes to MLT burst firing Attenuating MLT bursting increases vigilance and suppresses absence seizures
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dong, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakhurin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mikati, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grill, W. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.18.558258</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Attenuating midline thalamus bursting to mitigate absence epilepsy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.19.558290v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Connectome Operations For FSL ExEcution (COFFEE): a turnkey pipeline for preprocessing of fMRI data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.19.558290v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Volumetric analysis methods continue to enjoy great popularity in the analysis of task-related functional MRI (fMRI) data. Among these methods, the software package FSL (FMRIB, Oxford, UK) is omnipresent throughout the field. However, it remains unknown what advantages might be gained by integrating FSL with alternative preprocessing tools. Here we developed the One-step General Registration and Extraction (OGRE) pipeline to apply FreeSurfer brain extraction for simultaneous registration and motion correction ("one-step resampling"), for FSL volumetric analysis of fMRI data. We compared three preprocessing approaches (OGRE, FSL, and fMRIPrep) in a dataset wherein adult human volunteers (N=39) performed a precision drawing task during fMRI scanning. The three approaches produced grossly similar results, but OGREs preprocessing led to lower inter-individual variability across the brain and greater detected activation in primary motor cortex contralateral to movement. This demonstrates that FreeSurfer tools and one-step resampling can improve FSLs volumetric analysis of fMRI data. The OGRE pipeline provides an off-the-shelf method to apply FreeSurfer-based brain extraction and one-step resampling of motion correction and registration for FSL analysis of task fMRI data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McAvoy, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Philip, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.19.558290</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Connectome Operations For FSL ExEcution (COFFEE): a turnkey pipeline for preprocessing of fMRI data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.21.558809v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evaluating functional brain organization in individuals and identifying contributions to network overlap 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.21.558809v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Individual differences in the spatial organization of resting state networks have received increased attention in recent years. Measures of individual-specific spatial organization of brain networks and overlapping network organization have been linked to important behavioral and clinical traits and are therefore potential biomarker targets for personalized psychiatry approaches. To better understand individual-specific spatial brain organization, this paper addressed three key goals. First, we determined whether it is possible to reliably estimate weighted (non-binarized) resting state network maps using data from only a single individual, while also maintaining maximum spatial correspondence across individuals. Second, we determined the degree of spatial overlap between distinct networks, using test-retest and twin data. Third, we systematically tested multiple hypotheses (spatial mixing, temporal switching, and coupling) as candidate explanations for why networks overlap spatially. To estimate weighted network organization, we adopt the Probabilistic Functional Modes (PROFUMO) algorithm, which implements a Bayesian framework with hemodynamic and connectivity priors to supplement optimization for spatial sparsity/independence. Our findings showed that replicable individual-specific estimates of weighted resting state networks can be derived using high quality fMRI data within individual subjects. Network organization estimates using only data from each individual subject closely resembled group-informed network estimates (which was not explicitly modeled in our individual-specific analyses), suggesting that cross-subject correspondence was largely maintained. Furthermore, our results confirmed the presence of spatial overlap in network organization, which was replicable across sessions within individuals and in monozygotic twin pairs. Intriguingly, our findings provide evidence that network overlap is indicative of linear additive coupling. These results suggest that regions of network overlap concurrently process information from all contributing networks, potentially pointing to the role of overlapping network organization in the integration of information across multiple brain systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bijsterbosch, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farahibozorg, S.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glasser, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Essen, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snyder, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woolrich, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.21.558809</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evaluating functional brain organization in individuals and identifying contributions to network overlap]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.21.558828v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Periodic and aperiodic changes to cortical EEG in response to pharmacological manipulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.21.558828v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cortical electroencephalograms (EEG) may help understanding of neuropsychiatric illness and new treatment mechanisms. The aperiodic component (1/f) of EEG power spectra is often treated as noise, but recent studies suggest that changes to the aperiodic exponent of power spectra may reflect changes in excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance, a concept linked to antidepressant effects, epilepsy, autism, and other clinical conditions. One confound of previous studies is behavioral state, because factors associated with behavioral state other than E/I ratio may alter EEG parameters. Thus, to test the robustness of the aperiodic exponent as a predictor of E/I ratio, we analyzed active exploration in mice using video EEG following various pharmacological manipulations with the Fitting Oscillations & One Over F (FOOOF) algorithm. We found that GABAA receptor (GABAAR) positive allosteric modulators increased the aperiodic exponent, consistent with the hypothesis that an increased exponent signals enhanced cortical inhibition, but other drugs (ketamine and GABAAR antagonists at sub-convulsive doses) did not follow the prediction. To tilt E/I ratio more selectively toward excitation, we suppressed the activity of parvalbumin (PV) interneurons with Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs). Contrary to our expectations and studies demonstrating increased cortical activity following PV suppression, circuit disinhibition with the DREADD increased the aperiodic exponent. We conclude that the aperiodic exponent of EEG power spectra does not yield a universally reliable marker of E/I ratio. Alternatively, the concept of E/I state may be sufficiently oversimplified that it cannot be mapped readily onto an EEG parameter.

Significance StateBmentNeuropsychiatric illness is widely prevalent and debilitating. Causes are not well understood, but some hypotheses point toward altered excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance. Here, we use cortical electroencephalograms (EEG) in mice, given applicability of cortical EEG across species, and evaluate the impact of validated drugs, including anxiolytics (pentobarbital and diazepam), along with novel rapid-acting antidepressants (ketamine and allopregnanolone). We focus on analyzing the aperiodic component of EEG power spectra, which may be associated with changes in E/I ratio. We show that aperiodic exponent of EEG power spectra is not a reliable marker of E/I ratio. Moreover, the concept of E/I ratio may be too broad and complex to be defined by an EEG parameter.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Salvatore, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lambert, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rensing, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zorumski, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mennerick, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.21.558828</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Periodic and aperiodic changes to cortical EEG in response to pharmacological manipulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.23.559145v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Psychedelic 5-HT2A receptor agonism: neuronal signatures and altered neurovascular coupling. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.23.559145v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Psychedelics hold therapeutic promise for mood disorders due to rapid, sustained results. Human neuroimaging studies have reported dramatic serotonin-2A receptor-(5-HT2AR)-dependent changes in functional brain reorganization that presumably reflect neuromodulation. However, the potent vasoactive effects of serotonin have been overlooked. We found psilocybin-mediated alterations to fMRI-HRFs in humans, suggesting potentially altered NVC. To assess the neuronal, hemodynamic, and neurovascular coupling (NVC) effects of the psychedelic 5-HT2AR agonist, 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI), wide-field optical imaging (WFOI) was used in awake Thy1-jRGECO1a mice during stimulus-evoked and resting-state conditions. While DOI partially altered tasked-based NVC, more pronounced NVC alterations occurred under resting-state conditions and were strongest in association regions. Further, calcium and hemodynamic activity reported different accounts of RSFC changes under DOI. Co-administration of DOI and the 5-HT2AR antagonist, MDL100907, reversed many of these effects. Dissociation between neuronal and hemodynamic signals emphasizes a need to consider neurovascular effects of psychedelics when interpreting blood-oxygenation-dependent neuroimaging measures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Padawer-Curry, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snyder, A. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bice, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicol, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCall, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siegel, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bauer, A. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.23.559145</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Psychedelic 5-HT2A receptor agonism: neuronal signatures and altered neurovascular coupling.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.25.559418v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Species- and strain-effects in interferon, innate immunity, and barrier transcriptional response of microbiome interactions of 3D respiratory epithelial cultures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.25.559418v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The microbiome modulates the respiratory epitheliums immunomodulatory functions. To explore how the microbiomes biodiversity affects microbe-epithelial interactions, we screened 58 phylogenetically diverse microbes for their transcriptomic effect on tracheobronchial air-liquid interface cell (ALI) cultures. We found distinct species- and strain-level differences in host innate immunity, and epithelial barrier response. Strikingly, we found that host interferon, an antiviral immune response, was one of the most variable host processes, and this variability was not driven by microbial phylogenetic diversity, bioburden, nor by the microbes ability to stimulate other innate immunity pathways. Our study provides a foundation for understanding how the respiratory microbiomes biodiversity affects epithelial, and particularly, antiviral innate immunity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Horvath, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castaneda, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Callender, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleming, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voigt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caldwell, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fachi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Luccia, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scholar, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colonna, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palucka, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.25.559418</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Species- and strain-effects in interferon, innate immunity, and barrier transcriptional response of microbiome interactions of 3D respiratory epithelial cultures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.25.559366v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
IRAK1 is a critical mediator of low molecular weight hyaluronic acid-induced stemness in high-grade serous ovarian cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.25.559366v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) survival rates are dishearteningly low, with [~]25% surviving beyond 5 years. Evidence suggests that cancer stem cells (CSCs) contribute to acquired chemoresistance and tumor recurrence. Here, we show that IRAK1 is upregulated in EOC tissues, and enhanced expression correlates with poorer overall survival. IRAK1 and BRCA1/2 mutation status are mutually exclusive. Moreover, low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMW HA), which is abundant in malignant ascites from patients with advanced EOC, induced IRAK1 phosphorylation leading to STAT3 activation and enhanced spheroid formation. Knockdown of IRAK1 impaired tumor growth in peritoneal disease models, and impaired HA-induced spheroid growth and STAT3 phosphorylation. Finally, we determined that TCS2210, a known inducer of neuronal differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells, is a selective inhibitor of IRAK1. TCS2210 significantly inhibited EOC growth in vitro and in vivo both as monotherapy, and in combination with cisplatin. Collectively, these data demonstrate IRAK1 as a druggable target for EOC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Standing, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dandawate, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunewardena, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Covarrubias-Zambrano, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roby, K. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khabele, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jewell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tawfik, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bossmann, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godwin, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weir, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensen, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anant, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.25.559366</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[IRAK1 is a critical mediator of low molecular weight hyaluronic acid-induced stemness in high-grade serous ovarian cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.26.559581v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FAM210B is dispensable for erythroid differentiation in adult mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.26.559581v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Iron is required for redox homeostasis but poses toxicity risks due to its redox activity. Erythropoiesis hence requires tight regulation of iron utilization for hemoglobin synthesis. The requirement for iron in erythropoiesis has necessitated the evolution of mechanisms to handle the iron required for hemoglobinization. FAM210B was identified as a regulator of mitochondrial iron import and heme synthesis in erythroid cell culture and zebrafish models. Here, we demonstrate that while FAM210B is required for erythroid differentiation and heme synthesis under standard cell culture conditions, holotransferrin supplementation was sufficient to chemically complement the iron-deficient phenotype. To investigate the role of FAM210B in erythropoiesis, we used knockout mice. While Fam210b-/- mice were viable and did not exhibit overt erythropoietic defects in the bone marrow, the male mice exhibited an increase in serum transferrin suggesting sex-specific alterations in systemic iron sensing. Upon phlebotomy-induced stress erythropoiesis, Fam210b-/- mice exhibited differences in serum transferrin levels, and more starkly, had markedly smaller spleens indicating defects in stress response. Fam210b-/- males had defects in neutrophil and monocyte numbers, as well as decreased erythroid progenitor numbers during erythropoietic stress. Together, our findings show that Fam210b plays a key role in splenic response to erythropoietic stress Our findings reveal a critical role for FAM210B in mediating splenic stress erythropoiesis and suggest it may act as a sex-specific regulator potentially linked to androgen signaling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Perfetto, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rondelli, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stratman, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yien, Y. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.26.559581</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FAM210B is dispensable for erythroid differentiation in adult mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.26.559594v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The most prominent electrophysiological effect of ketamine is not sufficient to cause anesthesia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.26.559594v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Electrophysiological recordings during ketamine anesthesia have revealed a slow alternating pattern of high- and low- frequency activity (a "gamma-burst" pattern) that develops with the onset of general anesthesia. We examine the role of NMDA receptor antagonism in generating the gamma-burst pattern and the link between gamma-bursts and dissociative anesthesia. We compare the effects of ketamine with those of the highly selective NMDA receptor antagonist CGS 19755 on multi-site intracranial electrophysiology and behavior in rhesus macaques. Remarkably, we find that animals given a moderate dose of CGS 19755 are able to perform a difficult memory task, while at the same time showing electrophysiological activity similar to ketamine anesthesia, with one key difference: a lack of delta-band LFP modulation. This difference demonstrates that ketamines ability to drive strong delta-band oscillations relies on additional mechanisms beyond NMDA receptor antagonism alone, and points to a key role for the activity underlying delta-band oscillations in causing anesthesia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Acland, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palanca, B. J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bijsterbosch, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snyder, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.26.559594</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The most prominent electrophysiological effect of ketamine is not sufficient to cause anesthesia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.27.559313v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systematic perturbations of SETD2, NSD1, NSD2, NSD3 and ASH1L reveals their distinct contributions to H3K36 methylation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.27.559313v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundMethylation of histone 3 lysine 36 (H3K36me) has emerged as an essential epigenetic component for the faithful regulation of gene expression. Despite its importance in development, disease, and cancer, how the molecular agents collectively shape the H3K36me landscape is unclear.

ResultsWe use a mouse mesenchymal stem cell model to perturb the H3K36me deposition machinery and infer the activities of the five most prominent players: SETD2, NSD1, NSD2, NSD3, and ASH1L. We find that H3K36me2 is the most abundant of the three methylation states and is predominantly deposited at intergenic regions by NSD1, and partly by NSD2. In contrast, H3K36me1/3 are most abundant within exons and are positively correlated with gene expression. We demonstrate that while SETD2 deposits most H3K36me3, it also deposits H3K36me2 within transcribed genes. Additionally, loss of SETD2 results in an increase of exonic H3K36me1, suggesting other H3K36 methyltransferases (K36MTs) prime gene bodies with lower methylation states ahead of transcription. Through a reductive approach, we uncover the distribution patterns of NSD3- and ASH1L-catalyzed H3K36me2. While NSD1/2 establish broad intergenic H3K36me2 domains, NSD3 deposits H3K36me2 peaks on active promoters and enhancers. Meanwhile, the activity of ASH1L is restricted to the regulatory elements of developmentally relevant genes, and our analyses implicate PBX2 as a potential recruitment factor.

ConclusionsWithin genes, SETD2 deposits both H3K36me2/3, while the other K36MTs are capable of depositing H3K36me1/2 independently of SETD2 activity. For the deposition of H3K36me1/2, we find a hierarchy of K36MT activities where NSD1>NSD2>NSD3>ASH1L. While NSD1 and NSD2 are responsible for most genome-wide propagation of H3K36me2, the activities of NSD3 and ASH1L are confined to active regulatory elements.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shipman, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Padilla, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horth, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bareke, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vitorino, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gongora, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Majewski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.27.559313</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systematic perturbations of SETD2, NSD1, NSD2, NSD3 and ASH1L reveals their distinct contributions to H3K36 methylation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.27.559689v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Antigenicity across Assays and in Human and Animal Model Sera 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.27.559689v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The antigenic evolution of SARS-CoV-2 requires ongoing monitoring to judge the immune escape of newly arising variants. A surveillance system necessitates an understanding of differences in neutralization titers measured in different assays and using human and animal sera. We compared 18 datasets generated using human, hamster, and mouse sera, and six different neutralization assays. Titer magnitude was lowest in human, intermediate in hamster, and highest in mouse sera. Fold change, immunodominance patterns and antigenic maps were similar among sera. Most assays yielded similar results, except for differences in fold change in cytopathic effect assays. Not enough data was available for conclusively judging mouse sera, but hamster sera were a consistent surrogate for human first-infection sera.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mühlemann, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilks, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baracco, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bekliz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carreno, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corman, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis-Gardner, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dejnirattisai, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamond, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doueck, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drosten, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eckerle, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edara, V. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fouchier, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frieman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godbole, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haagmans, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halfmann, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henry, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katzelnick, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawaoka, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kimpel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krammer, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lusvarghi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mongkolsapaya, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montefiori, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mykytyn, A. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Netzl, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pollett, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rössler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Screaton, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sigal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simon, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subramanian, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Supasa, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suthar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tureli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>We</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.27.559689</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Antigenicity across Assays and in Human and Animal Model Sera]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.27.559792v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Circuit-based intervention corrects excessive dentate gyrus output in the Fragile X mouse model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.27.559792v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Abnormal cellular and circuit excitability is believed to drive many core phenotypes in fragile X syndrome (FXS). The dentate gyrus is a brain area performing critical computations essential for learning and memory. However, little is known about dentate circuit defects and their mechanisms in FXS. Understanding dentate circuit dysfunction in FXS has been complicated by the presence of two types of excitatory neurons, the granule cells and mossy cells. Here we report that loss of FMRP markedly decreased excitability of dentate mossy cells, a change opposite to all other known excitability defects in excitatory neurons in FXS. This mossy cell hypo-excitability is caused by increased Kv7 function in Fmr1 KO mice. By reducing the excitatory drive onto local hilar interneurons, hypo-excitability of mossy cells results in increased excitation/inhibition ratio in granule cells and thus paradoxically leads to excessive dentate output. Circuit-wide inhibition of Kv7 channels in Fmr1 KO mice increases inhibitory drive onto granule cells and normalizes the dentate output in response to physiologically relevant theta-gamma coupling stimulation. Our study suggests that circuit-based interventions may provide a promising strategy in this disorder to bypass irreconcilable excitability defects in different cell types and restore their pathophysiological consequences at the circuit level.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Deng, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cavalli, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klyachko, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.27.559792</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Circuit-based intervention corrects excessive dentate gyrus output in the Fragile X mouse model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.27.559788v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Leveraging GPT-4 for Identifying Clinical Phenotypes in Electronic Health Records: A Performance Comparison between GPT-4, GPT-3.5-turbo and spaCy's Rule-based & Machine Learning-based methods 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.27.559788v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveAccurately identifying clinical phenotypes from Electronic Health Records (EHRs) provides additional insights into patients health, especially when such information is unavailable in structured data. This study evaluates the application of OpenAIs Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT)-4 model to identify clinical phenotypes from EHR text in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The goal was to identify disease stages, treatments and progression utilizing GPT-4, and compare its performance against GPT-3.5-turbo, Flan-T5-xl, Flan-T5-xxl, and two rule-based and machine learning-based methods, namely, scispaCy and medspaCy.

Materials and MethodsPhenotypes such as initial cancer stage, initial treatment, evidence of cancer recurrence, and affected organs during recurrence were identified from 13,646 records for 63 NSCLC patients from Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri. The performance of the GPT-4 model is evaluated against GPT-3.5-turbo, Flan-T5-xxl, Flan-T5-xl, medspaCy and scispaCy by comparing precision, recall, and micro-F1 scores.

ResultsGPT-4 achieved higher F1 score, precision, and recall compared to Flan-T5-xl, Flan-T5-xxl, medspaCy and scispaCys models. GPT-3.5-turbo performed similarly to that of GPT-4. GPT and Flan-T5 models were not constrained by explicit rule requirements for contextual pattern recognition. SpaCy models relied on predefined patterns, leading to their suboptimal performance.

Discussion and ConclusionGPT-4 improves clinical phenotype identification due to its robust pre-training and remarkable pattern recognition capability on the embedded tokens. It demonstrates data-driven effectiveness even with limited context in the input. While rule-based models remain useful for some tasks, GPT models offer improved contextual understanding of the text, and robust clinical phenotype extraction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>BHATTARAI, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, I. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sierra, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payne, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abrams, Z. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.27.559788</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Leveraging GPT-4 for Identifying Clinical Phenotypes in Electronic Health Records: A Performance Comparison between GPT-4, GPT-3.5-turbo and spaCy's Rule-based & Machine Learning-based methods]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.29.560141v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Altered chromatin occupancy of patient-associated H4 mutants misregulate neuronal differentiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.29.560141v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromatin is a crucial regulator of gene expression and tightly controls development across species. Mutations in only one copy of multiple histone genes were identified in children with developmental disorders characterized by microcephaly, but their mechanistic roles in development remain unclear. Here we focus on dominant mutations affecting histone H4 lysine 91. These H4K91 mutants form aberrant nuclear puncta at specific heterochromatin regions. Mechanistically, H4K91 mutants demonstrate enhanced binding to the histone variant H3.3, and ablation of H3.3 or the H3.3-specific chaperone DAXX diminishes the mutant localization to chromatin. Our functional studies demonstrate that H4K91 mutant expression increases chromatin accessibility, alters developmental gene expression through accelerating pro-neural differentiation, and causes reduced mouse brain size in vivo, reminiscent of the microcephaly phenotypes of patients. Together, our studies unveil a distinct molecular pathogenic mechanism from other known histone mutants, where H4K91 mutants misregulate cell fate during development through abnormal genomic localization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Feng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrows, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matlik, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porter, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Djomo, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yau, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soshnev, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carroll, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatten, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allis, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.29.560141</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Altered chromatin occupancy of patient-associated H4 mutants misregulate neuronal differentiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.28.559972v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A shallow-scale phylogenomics approach reveals parallel patterns of diversification among sympatric populations of cryptic Neotropical aquatic beetles (Coleoptera: Noteridae) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.28.559972v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Notomicrus traili species group (Coleoptera: Noteridae) is a lineage of aquatic beetles distributed throughout South America and extends into Mexico and the West Indies. Previous research has revealed a species complex within this group, with multiple distinct clades sharing overlapping distributions and lineages attributed to N. traili and the closely related N. gracilipes recovered as polyphyletic. Here, we perform targeted capture of ultraconserved elements (UCEs) to examine relationships and patterns of evolution within the N. traili group. First, we use short-read whole genome sequencing of four noterid genera to design a noterid-specific UCE probe set (Noteridae 3.4Kv1) targeting over 3,400 unique loci. Using this probe set, we capture UCE data from population-level sampling of 44 traili group specimens from across the Neotropics, with an emphasis on the Guiana Shield where distributions of several putative N. traili group populations overlap. We subject the resulting data matrix to various trimming and data completeness treatments and reconstruct the phylogeny with both concatenated maximum likelihood and coalescent congruent methods. We recover robust phylogenetic estimates that identify several phylogenetically distinct clades within the traili group that share overlapping distributions. To test for the genetic distinctiveness of populations, we extract single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from UCE alignments and examine patterns of genetic clustering using principal component analyses (PCAs) and STRUCTURE. Population genetic results are highly concordant with recovered phylogenetic structure, revealing a high degree of co-ancestry shared within identified clades, contrasting with limited ancestry sharing between clades. We recover a pattern consistent with repeated diversification and dispersal of the traili group in the Neotropics, highlighting the efficacy of a tailored UCE approach for facilitating shallow-scale phylogenetic reconstructions and population genetic analyses, which can reveal novel aspects of coleopteran phylogeography.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Baca, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gustafson, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeRaad, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexander, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hime, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Short, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.28.559972</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A shallow-scale phylogenomics approach reveals parallel patterns of diversification among sympatric populations of cryptic Neotropical aquatic beetles (Coleoptera: Noteridae)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.29.560180v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Ku stimulates multi-round DNA unwinding by UvrD1 monomers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.29.560180v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of Tuberculosis. During the host response to infection, the bacterium is exposed to both reactive oxygen species and nitrogen intermediates that can cause DNA damage. It is becoming clear that the DNA damage response in Mtb and related actinobacteria function via distinct pathways as compared to well-studied model bacteria. For example, we have previously shown that the DNA repair helicase UvrD1 is activated for processive unwinding via redox-dependent dimerization. In addition, mycobacteria contain a homo-dimeric Ku protein, homologous to the eukaryotic Ku70/Ku80 dimer, that plays roles in double-stranded break repair via non-homologous end-joining. Ku has been shown to stimulate the helicase activity of UvrD1, but the molecular mechanism, as well as which redox form of UvrD1 is activated, is unknown. We show here that Ku specifically stimulates multi-round unwinding by UvrD1 monomers which are able to slowly unwind DNA, but at rates 100-fold slower than the dimer. We also demonstrate that the UvrD1 C-terminal Tudor domain is required for the formation of a Ku-UvrD1 protein complex and activation. We show that Mtb Ku dimers bind with high nearest neighbor cooperativity to duplex DNA and that UvrD1 activation is observed when the DNA substrate is bound with two or three Ku dimers. Our observations reveal aspects of the interactions between DNA, Mtb Ku, and UvrD1 and highlight the potential role of UvrD1 in multiple DNA repair pathways through different mechanisms of activation.

Declaration of Interests

None
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chadda, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kozlov, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lohman, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galburt, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.29.560180</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mycobacterium tuberculosis Ku stimulates multi-round DNA unwinding by UvrD1 monomers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.28.560000v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Analysis of ductal carcinoma in situ by self-reported race reveals molecular differences related to outcome. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.28.560000v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-obligate precursor to invasive breast cancer (IBC). Studies have indicated differences in DCIS outcome based on race or ethnicity, but molecular differences have not been investigated. We examined the molecular profile of DCIS by self-reported race (SRR) and outcome groups in Black (n=99) and White (n=191) women with DCIS in a large DCIS case-control cohort with longitudinal follow up. Gene expression and pathway analyses indicated that different genes and pathways are involved in ipsilateral breast outcome (DCIS or IBC) after DCIS treatment in White versus Black women. We identified differences in ER and HER2 expression, tumor microenvironment composition, and copy number variations by SRR and outcome groups. Our results suggest that different molecular mechanisms drive subsequent ipsilateral breast events in Black versus White women.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Strand, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Houlahan, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Branch, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lynch, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harmon, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Couch, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallagher, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kilgore, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeMichele, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McAuliffe, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curtis, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Owzar, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marks, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colditz, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwang, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>West, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.28.560000</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Analysis of ductal carcinoma in situ by self-reported race reveals molecular differences related to outcome.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.29.560205v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of a convergent spinal neuron population that encodes itch 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.29.560205v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Itch is a protective sensation that drives scratching. Although specific cell types have been proposed to underlie itch, the neural circuit basis for itch remains unclear. Here, we used two-photon Ca2+ imaging of the dorsal horn to visualize the neuronal populations that are activated by itch-inducing agents. We identify a convergent population of spinal neurons that is defined by the expression of GRPR. Moreover, we discover that itch is conveyed to the brain via GRPR-expressing spinal output neurons that target the lateral parabrachial nucleus. Further, we show that nalfurafine, a clinically effective kappa opioid receptor agonist, relieves itch by inhibiting GRPR spinoparabrachial neurons. Finally, we demonstrate that a subset of GRPR spinal neurons show persistent, cell-intrinsic Ca2+ oscillations. These experiments provide the first population-level view of the spinal neurons that respond to pruritic stimuli, pinpoint the output neurons that convey itch to the brain, and identify the cellular target of kappa opioid receptor agonists for the inhibition of itch.

In briefThrough population imaging, Sheahan et al. identify a network of neurons in the dorsal horn that is activated by pruritogens and find that kappa opioid receptor signaling inhibits itch through the selective inhibition of GRPR spinoparabrachial neurons.

HighlightsO_LIItch-inducing agents drive activity in a common population of GRPR-expressing spinal interneurons
C_LIO_LIGRPR spinal projection neurons transmit itch from the spinal cord to the brain
C_LIO_LIKappa opioids reduce itch through the inhibition of GRPR spinoparabrachial neurons
C_LIO_LIGRPR activation elicits persistent, intrinsic Ca2+ oscillations
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sheahan, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warwick, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baranger, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perry, V. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manalo, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koerber, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ross, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.29.560205</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of a convergent spinal neuron population that encodes itch]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.30.560021v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pathogenic Morphological Signatures of Perturbations in Mitochondrial-Related Genes Revealed by Pooled Imaging Assay 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.30.560021v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mutations in mitochondrial-related genes underlie numerous neurodegenerative diseases, yet the significance of most variants remains uncertain concerning disease phenotypes. Several thousand genes have been shown to regulate mitochondria in eukaryotic cells, but which of these genes are necessary for proper mitochondrial dynamics? We investigated the degree of morphological disruptions in mitochondrial gene-silenced cells to understand the magnitude of genetic contribution to properly functioning mitochondria and to identify pathogenic variants. We analyzed 5,835 gRNAs in a high dimensional phenotypic dataset produced by the image-based pooled analysis platform Raft-Seq. Using the MFN2-mutant cell phenotype, we identified several genes, including TMEM11, TIMM8A, and three NADH Ubiquinone proteins, as crucial for normal mitochondrial morphology in human U2OS cells. Additionally, we found several missense and UTR variants within the genes SLC25A19 and ATAD3A as drivers of mitochondrial aggregation. By examining multiple features instead of a single readout, this analysis was powered to detect genes which had morphological  signatures aligned with MFN2-mutant phenotypes. Reanalysis with anomaly detection revealed other critical genes, including APOOL, MCEE, NIT, PHB, and SLC16A7, which perturb mitochondrial network morphology in a manner divergent from MFN2. These studies offer insights into the molecular basis for mitochondrial dysfunction, setting the stage for new genomic diagnostics and therapeutic discovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kremitzki, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waligorski, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bachman, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohammed Ali, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bramley, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vakaki, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandrasekaren, V. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathur, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hime, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitra, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milbrandt, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchser, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.30.560021</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pathogenic Morphological Signatures of Perturbations in Mitochondrial-Related Genes Revealed by Pooled Imaging Assay]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.01.560332v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Postglacial genomes from foragers across Northern Eurasia reveal prehistoric mobility associated with the spread of the Uralic and Yeniseian languages 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.01.560332v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The North Eurasian forest and forest-steppe zones have sustained millennia of sociocultural connections among northern peoples. We present genome-wide ancient DNA data for 181 individuals from this region spanning the Mesolithic, Neolithic and Bronze Age. We find that Early to Mid-Holocene hunter-gatherer populations from across the southern forest and forest-steppes of Northern Eurasia can be characterized by a continuous gradient of ancestry that remained stable for millennia, ranging from fully West Eurasian in the Baltic region to fully East Asian in the Transbaikal region. In contrast, cotemporaneous groups in far Northeast Siberia were genetically distinct, retaining high levels of continuity from a population that was the primary source of ancestry for Native Americans. By the mid-Holocene, admixture between this early Northeastern Siberian population and groups from Inland East Asia and the Amur River Basin produced two distinctive populations in eastern Siberia that played an important role in the genetic formation of later people. Ancestry from the first population, Cis-Baikal Late Neolithic-Bronze Age (Cisbaikal_LNBA), is found substantially only among Yeniseian-speaking groups and those known to have admixed with them. Ancestry from the second, Yakutian Late Neolithic-Bronze Age (Yakutia_LNBA), is strongly associated with present-day Uralic speakers. We show how Yakutia_LNBA ancestry spread from an east Siberian origin [~]4.5kya, along with subclades of Y-chromosome haplogroup N occurring at high frequencies among present-day Uralic speakers, into Western and Central Siberia in communities associated with Seima-Turbino metallurgy: a suite of advanced bronze casting techniques that spread explosively across an enormous region of Northern Eurasia [~]4.0kya. However, the ancestry of the 16 Seima-Turbino-period individuals--the first reported from sites with this metallurgy--was otherwise extraordinarily diverse, with partial descent from Indo-Iranian-speaking pastoralists and multiple hunter-gatherer populations from widely separated regions of Eurasia. Our results provide support for theories suggesting that early Uralic speakers at the beginning of their westward dispersal where involved in the expansion of Seima-Turbino metallurgical traditions, and suggests that both cultural transmission and migration were important in the spread of Seima-Turbino material culture.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zeng, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vyazov, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flegontov, P. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sirak, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maier, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazaridis, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akbari, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frachetti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tishkin, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryabogina, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agapov, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agapov, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alekseev, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boeskorov, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chizhevsky, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Derevianko, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dyakonov, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Enshin, D. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fribus, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frolov, Y. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grushin, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khokhlov, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kitov, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kosintsev, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kovtun, I. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiryushin, K. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiryushin, Y. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makarov, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morozov, V. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nikolaev, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rykun, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savenkova, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shchelchkova, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skochina, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shirokov, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sherstobitova, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slepchenko, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.01.560332</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Postglacial genomes from foragers across Northern Eurasia reveal prehistoric mobility associated with the spread of the Uralic and Yeniseian languages]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.01.560375v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Experimental evolution of symbiotic microbes without their partners can imply the presence of cooperative or antagonistic adaptations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.01.560375v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbes adapt to the presence of other species, but the fitness consequences of specific interactions are difficult to study in their natural context. We experimentally evolved symbiotic microbes in an artificial environment without access to the partners with whom they interact in nature. As organisms will tend to lose adaptations that they do not need due to drift or pleiotropic tradeoffs, we expect normally symbiotic microbes evolved in isolation to lose adaptations to help or harm their natural partners. The direction and magnitude of such changes can suggest whether the microbes had historically been selected to help or harm one another. We apply this method to the symbiosis between the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum and three intracellular bacterial endosymbionts, Paraburkholderia agricolaris, P. hayleyella, and P. bonniea. A minority of strains of Paraburkholderia and D. discoideum evolved differences in their effects on one anothers fitnesses, implying the existence of adaptations to one another that were lost when no longer relevant. Our results suggest that the degree to which D. discoideum and Paraburkholderia have adapted to help or harm one another can differ substantially between strains within each species, with some strains appearing to have a historically adversarial relationship, some strains a more benign relationship, and many strains no clear adaptations to one another at all. Our results underscore the complexity of microbial interactions in nature and suggest experimental evolution under relaxed selection is a potentially useful approach for studying adaptation in microbes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Larsen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jefferson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartley, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strassmann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Queller, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.01.560375</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Experimental evolution of symbiotic microbes without their partners can imply the presence of cooperative or antagonistic adaptations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.02.560472v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predation-resistant Pseudomonas bacteria engage in symbiont-like behavior with the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.02.560472v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The soil amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum acts as both a predator and potential host for diverse bacteria. We tested fifteen Pseudomonas strains that were isolated from transiently infected wild D. discoideum for ability to escape predation and infect D. discoideum fruiting bodies. Three predation-resistant strains frequently caused extracellular infections of fruiting bodies but were not found within spores. Furthermore, infection by one of these species induces secondary infections and suppresses predation of otherwise edible bacteria. Another strain can persist inside of amoebae after being phagocytosed but is rarely ingested. We sequenced isolate genomes and discovered that predation-resistant isolates are not monophyletic. Many Pseudomonas isolates encode secretion systems and toxins known to improve resistance to phagocytosis in other species, as well as diverse secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters that may contribute to predation resistance. However, the distribution of these genes alone cannot explain why some strains are edible and others are not. Each lineage may employ a unique mechanism for resistance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Steele, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peiser, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shreenidhi, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strassmann, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Queller, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.02.560472</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predation-resistant Pseudomonas bacteria engage in symbiont-like behavior with the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.03.560597v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MFSD7c functions as a transporter of choline at the blood-brain barrier 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.03.560597v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mutations of MFSD7c (also known as Flvcr2), which is an orphan transporter, are linked to Fowler syndrome 1, 2. Here, we use Mfsd7c knockout mice and cell-based assays to reveal that MFSD7c is a choline transporter at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We performed comprehensive metabolomics and detected differential changes of metabolites in the brains and livers of Mfsd7c knockout (Mfsd7c-/-) embryos. Particularly, we found that choline-related metabolites were altered in the brains but not in the livers of Mfsd7c-/- embryos. Thus, we hypothesized that MFSD7c regulates the levels of choline in the brain. Indeed, expression of human MFSD7c in cells significantly increased choline uptake. Interestingly, we showed that choline uptake by MFSD7c is greatly increased by choline-metabolizing enzymes, leading us to demonstrate that MFSD7c is a facilitative transporter of choline. Furthermore, single-cell patch-clamp showed that the import of choline by MFSD7c is electrogenic. Choline transport function of MFSD7c is conserved in vertebrates, but not in yeasts. We show that human MFSD7c is a functional ortholog of HNM1, the yeast choline importer. Employing our transport assays, we showed that several missense mutations of human MFSD7c from Fowler patients had abolished or reduced choline transport activity. Mice lacking Mfsd7c in the CNS endothelial cells suppressed the import of exogenous choline from blood but unexpectedly had increased choline levels in the brain. Stable-isotope tracing study revealed that MFSD7c is required for exporting choline derived from lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) in the brain. Collectively, our work identifies MFSD7c as a choline transporter at the BBB. This study suggests that defective export of choline in the brain may be a cause of Fowler syndrome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, X. T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, U. T. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ha, H. T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Artati, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leong, N. C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, P. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Susanto, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fam, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leong, N. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonne, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gooch, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Granadillo De Luque, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hua, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soong, T. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wenk, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jerzy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cazenave-Gassiot, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, L. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.03.560597</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MFSD7c functions as a transporter of choline at the blood-brain barrier]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.03.560720v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Type I IFN signaling in the absence of IRGM1 promotes M. tuberculosis replication in immune cells by suppressing T cell responses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.03.560720v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Polymorphisms in the IRGM gene are associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis in humans. A murine ortholog of Irgm, Irgm1, is also essential for controlling Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection in mice. Multiple processes have been associated with IRGM1 activity that could impact the host response to Mtb infection, including roles in autophagy-mediated pathogen clearance and expansion of activated T cells. However, what IRGM1-mediated pathway is necessary to control Mtb infection in vivo and the mechanistic basis for this control remains unknown. We dissected the contribution of IRGM1 to immune control of Mtb pathogenesis in vivo and found that Irgm1 deletion leads to higher levels of IRGM3-dependent type I interferon signaling. The increased type I interferon signaling precludes T cell expansion during Mtb infection. The absence of Mtb-specific T cell expansion in Irgm1-/- mice results in uncontrolled Mtb infection in neutrophils and alveolar macrophages, which directly contributes to susceptibility to infection. Together, our studies reveal that IRGM1 is required to promote T cell-mediated control of Mtb infection in neutrophils, which is essential for the survival of Mtb-infected mice. These studies also uncover new ways type I interferon signaling can impact TH1 immune responses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Naik, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McNehlan, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mreyoud, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinsella, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smirnov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chowdhury, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKee, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dubey, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodson, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kreamalmeyer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stallings, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.03.560720</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Type I IFN signaling in the absence of IRGM1 promotes M. tuberculosis replication in immune cells by suppressing T cell responses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.03.560770v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Laminar architecture of visual responses in supplementary eye field of macaques 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.03.560770v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Previously, we have described the laminar organization of neurons in the supplementary eye field (SEF) that signal error, reward gain and loss, conflict, event timing, and goal maintenance. Here we describe the laminar organization of visually responsive neurons that were active during performance of a saccade stop-signal task. Nearly 40% of isolated neurons exhibited enhanced or suppressed responses to a visual target for a potential saccade, with the majority exhibiting enhanced activity and three-quarters with broad spikes. Visually responsive neurons were observed in all layers but were less common in layers 5 and 6. Response latencies were comparable to those reported previously, which are significantly later than those measured in occipital and temporal visual areas but overlapping those measured in cingulate cortex. Task-related visual response latency varied across cortical layers. Response latency was significantly earlier for neurons with narrow spikes. Neurons with task-related visual responses discharged until after saccade production. Around three-fifths of visually responsive neurons were most sensitive to the visual target appearing in one hemifield. Many neurons in layer 2 had ipsilateral receptive fields. Laminar current-source density aligned on visual target presentation revealed the earliest sink in layers 3 followed by a prolonged strong sink more superficially coupled with a weaker prolonged sink in layer 5 and a transient sink in layer 6. The current sink in layers 2 and 3 was stronger for ipsilateral stimuli. These findings reveal new details about visual processing in medial frontal cortex and complete the first catalogue of laminar organization of functional signals in a frontal lobe area.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thirunavukkarasu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Errington, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sajad, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schall, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.03.560770</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Laminar architecture of visual responses in supplementary eye field of macaques]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.04.560909v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure-Function Coupling in Highly Sampled Individual Brains 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.04.560909v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Structural connections (SC) between distant regions of the brain support synchronized function known as functional connectivity (FC) and give rise to the large-scale brain networks that enable cognition and behavior. Understanding how SC enables FC is important to understand how injuries to structural connections may alter brain function and cognition. Previous work evaluating whole-brain SC-FC relationships showed that SC explained FC well in unimodal visual and motor areas, but only weakly in association areas, suggesting a unimodal-heteromodal gradient organization of SC-FC coupling. However, this work was conducted in group-averaged SC/FC data. Thus, it could not account for inter-individual variability in the locations of cortical areas and white matter tracts. We evaluated the correspondence of SC and FC within three highly sampled healthy participants. For each participant, we collected 78 minutes of diffusion-weighted MRI for SC and 360 minutes of resting state fMRI for FC. We found that FC was best explained by SC in visual and motor systems, as well as in anterior and posterior cingulate regions. A unimodal-to-heteromodal gradient could not fully explain SC-FC coupling. We conclude that the SC-FC coupling of the anterior-posterior cingulate circuit is more similar to unimodal areas than to heteromodal areas.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTStructural connections between distant regions of the human brain support networked function that enables cognition and behavior. Improving our understanding of how structure enables function could allow better insight into how brain disconnection injuries impair brain function.

Previous work using neuroimaging suggested that structure-function relationships vary systematically across the brain, with structure better explaining function in basic visual/motor areas than in higher-order areas. However, this work was conducted in group-averaged data, which may obscure details of individual-specific structure-function relationships.

Using individual-specific densely sampled neuroimaging data, we found that in addition to visual/motor regions, structure strongly predicts function in specific circuits of the higher-order cingulate gyrus. The cingulates structure-function relationship suggests that its organization may be unique among higher-order cortical regions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rajesh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seider, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newbold, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adeyemo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greene, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snyder, A. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shimony, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laumann, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dosenbach, N. U. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.04.560909</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure-Function Coupling in Highly Sampled Individual Brains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.04.560843v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Novel Cyclic Homogeneous Oscillation Detection Method for High Accuracy and Specific Characterization of Neural Dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.04.560843v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Detecting temporal and spectral features of neural oscillations is essential to understanding dynamic brain function. Traditionally, the presence and frequency of neural oscillations are determined by identifying peaks over 1/f noise within the power spectrum. However, this approach solely operates within the frequency domain and thus cannot adequately distinguish between the fundamental frequency of a non-sinusoidal oscillation and its harmonics. Non-sinusoidal signals generate harmonics, significantly increasing the false-positive detection rate -- a confounding factor in the analysis of neural oscillations. To overcome these limitations, we define the fundamental criteria that characterize a neural oscillation and introduce the Cyclic Homogeneous Oscillation (CHO) detection method that implements these criteria based on an auto-correlation approach that determines the oscillations periodicity and fundamental frequency. We evaluated CHO by verifying its performance on simulated sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal oscillatory bursts convolved with 1/f noise. Our results demonstrate that CHO outperforms conventional techniques in accurately detecting oscillations. Specifically, we determined the sensitivity and specificity of CHO as a function of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We further assessed CHO by testing it on electrocorticographic (ECoG, 8 subjects) and electroencephalographic (EEG, 7 subjects) signals recorded during the pre-stimulus period of an auditory reaction time task and on electrocorticographic signals (6 SEEG subjects and 6 ECoG subjects) collected during resting state. In the reaction time task, the CHO method detected auditory alpha and pre-motor beta oscillations in ECoG signals and occipital alpha and pre-motor beta oscillations in EEG signals. Moreover, CHO determined the fundamental frequency of hippocampal oscillations in the human hippocampus during the resting state (6 SEEG subjects). In summary, CHO demonstrates high precision and specificity in detecting neural oscillations in time and frequency domains. The methods specificity enables the detailed study of non-sinusoidal characteristics of oscillations, such as the degree of asymmetry and waveform of an oscillation. Furthermore, CHO can be applied to identify how neural oscillations govern interactions throughout the brain and to determine oscillatory biomarkers that index abnormal brain function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cho, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adamek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willie, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunner, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.04.560843</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Novel Cyclic Homogeneous Oscillation Detection Method for High Accuracy and Specific Characterization of Neural Dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.04.560853v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Beta-catenin inhibition disrupts the homeostasis of osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation leading to the development of glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.04.560853v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (GONFH) is a common refractory joint disease characterized by bone damage and the collapse of femoral head structure. However, the exact pathological mechanisms of GONFH remain unknown. Here, we observed abnormal osteogenesis and adipogenesis associated with decreased {beta}-catenin in the necrotic femoral head of GONFH patients. In vivo and in vitro studies further revealed that glucocorticoid exposure disrupted osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal cells (BMSCs) by inhibiting {beta}-catenin signaling in glucocorticoid-induced GONFH rats. Col2+ lineage largely contributes to BMSCs, and was found an osteogenic commitment in the femoral head through 9 months of lineage trace. Specific deletion of {beta}-catenin in Col2+ cells shifted their commitment from osteoblasts to adipocytes, leading to a full spectrum of disease phenotype of GONFH in adult mice. Overall, we uncover that {beta}-catenin inhibition disrupting the homeostasis of osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation contributes to the development of GONFH, and identify an ideal genetic modified mouse model of GONFH.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xia, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tong, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.04.560853</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Beta-catenin inhibition disrupts the homeostasis of osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation leading to the development of glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.04.560880v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ecological metabolomics of tropical tree communities across an elevational gradient: Implications for chemically-mediated biotic interactions and species diversity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.04.560880v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Seminal hypotheses in ecology and evolution postulate that stronger and more specialized biotic interactions contribute to higher species diversity at lower elevations and latitudes. Plant-chemical defenses mediate biotic interactions between plants and their natural enemies and provide a highly dimensional trait space in which chemically mediated niches may facilitate plant species coexistence. However, the role of chemically mediated biotic interactions in shaping plant communities remains largely untested across large-scale ecological gradients. To test this hypothesis, we used ecological metabolomics to quantify the chemical dissimilarity of foliar metabolomes among 473 tree species (906 unique species-plot combinations) in 16 tropical tree communities along an elevational gradient in Madidi National Park, Bolivia. We predicted that chemical dissimilarity among co-occurring tree species would be greater, and chemical phylogenetic signal lower, in communities with greater tree species richness and warmer, wetter, and less-seasonal climates, as pressure from natural enemies is likely to be greater in these locales. Further, we predicted that these relationships should be especially pronounced for secondary metabolites derived from biosynthetic pathways known to include anti-herbivore and antimicrobial defenses than for primary metabolites. We found that median chemical dissimilarity among tree species with respect to all metabolites and secondary metabolites increased with tree species richness, decreased with elevation, and increased along a principal component of climatic variation that reflected increasing temperature and precipitation and decreasing seasonality. In contrast, median chemical dissimilarity among tree species with respect to primary metabolites was unrelated to tree species richness, elevation, or the principal component of climatic variation. Furthermore, phylogenetic signal of secondary and primary metabolites decreased with tree species richness. Among tree communities in moist forests, phylogenetic signal of secondary metabolites also increased with elevation and decreased with the temperature and precipitation. Our results support the hypothesis that chemically mediated biotic interactions shape elevational diversity gradients by imposing stronger selection for interspecific divergence in plant chemical defenses in warmer, wetter, and more stable climates. Our study also illustrates the promise of ecological metabolomics in the study of biogeography, community ecology, and complex species interactions in high-diversity ecosystems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Henderson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sedio, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tello, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cayola, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuentes, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvestegui, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muchhala, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myers, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.04.560880</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ecological metabolomics of tropical tree communities across an elevational gradient: Implications for chemically-mediated biotic interactions and species diversity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.05.560580v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DRG Explant Model: Elucidating Mechanisms of Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy and Identifying Potential Therapeutic Targets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.05.560580v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Oxaliplatin triggered chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common and debilitating side effect of cancer treatment which limits the efficacy of chemotherapy and negatively impacts patients quality of life dramatically. For better understanding the mechanisms of CIPN and screen for potential therapeutic targets, it is critical to have reliable in vitro assays that effectively mirror the neuropathy in vivo. In this study, we established a dorsal root ganglia (DRG) explant model. This model displayed dose-dependent inhibition of neurite outgrowth in response to oxaliplatin, while oxalic acid exhibited no significant impact on the regrowth of DRG. The robustness of this assay was further demonstrated by the inhibition of OCT2 transporter, which facilitates oxaliplatin accumulation in neurons, fully restoring the neurite regrowth capacity. Using this model, we revealed that oxaliplatin triggered a substantial increase of oxidative stress in DRG. Notably, inhibition of TXNIP with verapamil significantly reduced oxidative stress level. Our results demonstrated the use of DRG explants as an efficient model to study the mechanisms of CIPN and screen for potential treatments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Du, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sudlow, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luzhansky, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berezin, M. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.05.560580</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DRG Explant Model: Elucidating Mechanisms of Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy and Identifying Potential Therapeutic Targets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.06.561196v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chemotherapy activates inflammasomes to cause inflammation-associated bone loss 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.06.561196v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chemotherapy is a widely used treatment for a variety of solid and hematological malignancies. Despite its success in improving the survival rate of cancer patients, chemotherapy causes significant toxicity to multiple organs, including the skeleton, but the underlying mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. Using tumor-free mouse models, which are commonly used to assess direct off-target effects of anti-neoplastic therapies, we found that doxorubicin caused massive bone loss in wild-type mice, a phenotype associated with increased number of osteoclasts, leukopenia, elevated serum levels of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs; e.g., cell-free DNA and ATP) and cytokines (e.g., IL-1{beta} and IL-18). Accordingly, doxorubicin activated the absent in melanoma (AIM2) and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes in macrophages and neutrophils, causing inflammatory cell death pyroptosis and NETosis, which correlated with its leukopenic effects. Moreover, the effects of this chemotherapeutic agent on cytokine secretion, cell demise, and bone loss were attenuated to various extent in conditions of AIM2 and/or NLRP3 insufficiency. Thus, we found that inflammasomes are key players in bone loss caused by doxorubicin, a finding that may inspire the development of a tailored adjuvant therapy that preserves the quality of this tissue in patients treated with this class of drugs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaur, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abu-Amer, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mbalaviele, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.06.561196</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chemotherapy activates inflammasomes to cause inflammation-associated bone loss]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.07.561338v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Biomolecular condensates form spatially inhomogeneous network fluids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.07.561338v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The functions of biomolecular condensates are thought to be influenced by their material properties, and these will be determined by the internal organization of molecules within condensates. However, structural characterizations of condensates are challenging, and rarely reported. Here, we deploy a combination of small angle neutron scattering, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to provide structural descriptions of model condensates that are formed by macromolecules from nucleolar granular components (GCs). We show that these minimal facsimiles of GCs form condensates that are network fluids featuring spatial inhomogeneities across different length scales that reflect the contributions of distinct protein and peptide domains. The network-like inhomogeneous organization is characterized by a coexistence of liquid- and gas-like macromolecular densities that engenders bimodality of internal molecular dynamics. These insights suggest that condensates formed by multivalent proteins share features with network fluids formed by systems such as patchy or hairy colloids.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dar, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitrea, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillips, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagy, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leite, W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stanley, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kriwacki, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.07.561338</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Biomolecular condensates form spatially inhomogeneous network fluids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.08.561395v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LETHAL COVID-19 ASSOCIATES WITH RAAS-INDUCED INFLAMMATION FOR MULTIPLE ORGAN DAMAGE INCLUDING MEDIASTINAL LYMPH NODES 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.08.561395v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lethal COVID-19 outcomes are most often attributed to classic cytokine storm and attendant excessive immune signaling. We re-visit this question using RNA sequencing in nasopharyngeal and 40 autopsy samples from COVID-19-positive and negative individuals. In nasal swabs, the top 100 genes which significantly correlated with COVID-19 viral load, include many canonical innate immune genes. However, 22 much less studied "non-canonical" genes are found and despite the absence of viral transcripts, subsets of these are upregulated in heart, lung, kidney, and liver, but not mediastinal lymph nodes. An important regulatory potential emerges for the non-canonical genes for over-activating the renin-angiotensin-activation-system (RAAS) pathway, resembling this phenomenon in hereditary angioedema (HAE) and its overlapping multiple features with lethal COVID-19 infections. Specifically, RAAS overactivation links increased fibrin deposition, leaky vessels, thrombotic tendency, and initiating the PANoptosis death pathway, as suggested in heart, lung, and especially mediastinal lymph nodes, with a tightly associated mitochondrial dysfunction linked to immune responses. For mediastinal lymph nodes, immunohistochemistry studies validate the transcriptomic findings showing abnormal architecture, excess fibrin and collagen deposition, and pathogenic fibroblasts. Further, our findings overlap findings in SARS-CoV-2 infected hamsters, C57BL/6 and BALB/c mouse models, and importantly peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and whole blood samples from COVID-19 patients infected with early variants and later SARS-CoV-2 strains. We thus present cytokine storm in lethal COVID-19 disease as an interplay between upstream immune gene signaling producing downstream RAAS overactivation with resultant severe organ damage, especially compromising mediastinal lymph node function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guarnieri, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Topper, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beigel, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haltoom, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chadburn, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frere, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cope, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borczuk, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sinha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meydan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foox, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mozsary, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bram, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richard, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Epsi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chenoweth, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simons, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tribble, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burgess, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalgard, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heise, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moorman, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baxter, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madden, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taft-Benz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanders, W. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickmander, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Widjaja, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janssen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lie, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murdock, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angelin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albrecht, Y. E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olali, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dybas, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Priebe, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emmett, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Best, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trovao, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cl</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.08.561395</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LETHAL COVID-19 ASSOCIATES WITH RAAS-INDUCED INFLAMMATION FOR MULTIPLE ORGAN DAMAGE INCLUDING MEDIASTINAL LYMPH NODES]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.06.561227v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Cytoskeletal Stress Response Pathway: a homeostatic system driven by Dual Leucine Zipper Kinase (DLK) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.06.561227v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetic and pharmacological perturbation of the cytoskeleton enhances the regenerative potential of neurons. This response requires Dual-leucine Zipper Kinase (DLK), a neuronal stress sensor that is a central regulator of axon regeneration and degeneration. The damage and repair aspects of this response are reminiscent of other cellular homeostatic systems, suggesting that a cytoskeletal homeostatic response exists. In this study, we propose a framework for understanding DLK mediated neuronal cytoskeletal homeostasis. We demonstrate that a) low dose nocodazole treatment activates DLK signaling and b) DLK signaling mitigates the microtubule damage caused by the cytoskeletal perturbation. We also perform RNA-seq to discover a DLK-dependent transcriptional signature. This signature includes genes likely to attenuate DLK signaling while simultaneously inducing actin regulating genes and promoting actin-based morphological changes to the axon. These results are consistent with the model that cytoskeletal disruption in the neuron induces a DLK-dependent homeostatic mechanism, which we term the Cytoskeletal Stress Response (CSR) pathway.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>DeVault, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mateusiak, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palucki, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brent, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milbrandt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiAntonio, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.06.561227</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Cytoskeletal Stress Response Pathway: a homeostatic system driven by Dual Leucine Zipper Kinase (DLK)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.08.561387v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic and pharmacologic alterations of claudin9 levels suffice to induce functional and mature inner hair cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.08.561387v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hearing loss is the most common form of sensory deficit. It occurs predominantly due to hair cell (HC) loss. Mammalian HCs are terminally differentiated by birth, making HC loss challenging to replace. Here, we show the pharmacogenetic downregulation of Cldn9, a tight junction protein, generates robust supernumerary inner HCs (IHCs) in mice. The ectopic IHC shared functional and synaptic features akin to typical IHCs and were surprisingly and remarkably preserved for at least fifteen months >50% of the mouses life cycle. In vivo, Cldn9 knockdown using shRNA on postnatal days (P) P2-7 yielded analogous functional ectopic IHCs that were equally durably conserved. The findings suggest that Cldn9 levels coordinate embryonic and postnatal HC differentiation, making it a viable target for altering IHC development pre- and post-terminal differentiation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. H. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez-Flores, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peguero, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kersigo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levine, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gratton, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friztsch, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamoah, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.08.561387</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic and pharmacologic alterations of claudin9 levels suffice to induce functional and mature inner hair cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.10.561249v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell specific single viral vector CRISPR/Cas9 editing and genetically encoded tool delivery in the central and peripheral nervous systems 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.10.561249v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene manipulation strategies using germline knockout, conditional knockout, and more recently CRISPR/Cas9 are crucial tools for advancing our understanding of the nervous system. However, traditional gene knockout approaches can be costly and time consuming, may lack cell-type specificity, and can induce germline recombination. Viral gene editing presents and an exciting alternative to more rapidly study genes of unknown function; however, current strategies to also manipulate or visualize edited cells are challenging due to the large size of Cas9 proteins and the limited packaging capacity of adeno-associated viruses (AAVs). To overcome these constraints, we have developed an alternative gene editing strategy using a single AAV vector and mouse lines that express Cre-dependent Cas9 to achieve efficient cell-type specific editing across the nervous system. Expressing Cre-dependent Cas9 in specific cell types in transgenic mouse lines affords more space to package guide RNAs for gene editing together with Cre-dependent, genetically encoded tools to manipulate, map, or monitor neurons using a single virus.

We validated this strategy with three commonly used tools in neuroscience: ChRonos, a channelrhodopsin, for manipulating synaptic transmission using optogenetics; GCaMP8f for recording Ca2+ transients using fiber photometry, and mCherry for anatomical tracing of axonal projections. We tested these tools in multiple brain regions and cell types, including GABAergic neurons in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), glutamatergic neurons projecting from the ventral pallidum (VP) to the lateral habenula (LHb), dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), and parvalbumin (PV)-positive proprioceptive neurons in the periphery. This flexible approach should be useful to identify novel genes that affect synaptic transmission, circuit activity, or morphology with a single viral injection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moffa, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bland, I. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tooley, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalyanaraman, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heitmeier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creed, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Copits, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.10.561249</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell specific single viral vector CRISPR/Cas9 editing and genetically encoded tool delivery in the central and peripheral nervous systems]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.10.561772v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Substructure of the brain's Cingulo-Opercular network 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.10.561772v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Cingulo-Opercular network (CON) is an executive network of the human brain that regulates actions. CON is composed of many widely distributed cortical regions that are involved in top-down control over both lower-level (i.e., motor) and higher-level (i.e., cognitive) functions, as well as in processing of painful stimuli. Given the topographical and functional heterogeneity of the CON, we investigated whether subnetworks within the CON support separable aspects of action control. Using precision functional mapping (PFM) in 15 participants with > 5 hours of resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) and task data, we identified three anatomically and functionally distinct CON subnetworks within each individual. These three distinct subnetworks were linked to Decisions, Actions, and Feedback (including pain processing), respectively, in convergence with a meta-analytic task database. These Decision, Action and Feedback subnetworks represent pathways by which the brain establishes top-down goals, transforms those goals into actions, implemented as movements, and processes critical action feedback such as pain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>D'Andrea, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laumann, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newbold, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nielsen, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chauvin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greene, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dosenbach, N. U. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.10.561772</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Substructure of the brain's Cingulo-Opercular network]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.10.561724v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single Cell Expression Analysis of Ductal Carcinoma in Situ Identifies Alterations in Epithelial Integrity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.10.561724v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To identify mechanisms underlying the growth of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and properties that lead to progression to invasive cancer, we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) on DCIS lesions and matched synchronous normal breast tissue. Using inferred copy number variations (CNV), we identified neoplastic epithelial cells from the clinical specimens which contained a mixture of DCIS and normal ducts. Phylogenetic analysis based on the CNVs demonstrated intratumoral clonal heterogeneity was associated with significant gene expression differences. We also classified epithelial cells into mammary cell states and found that individual genetic clones contained a mixture of cell states suggesting an ongoing pattern of differentiation after neoplastic transformation. Cell state proportions were significantly different based on estrogen receptor (ER) expression with ER-DCIS more closely resembling the distribution in the normal breast, particularly with respect to cells with basal characteristics. Using deconvolution from bulk RNA-seq in archival DCIS specimens, we show that specific alterations in cell state proportions are associated with progression to invasive cancer. Loss of an intact basement membrane (BM) is the functional definition of invasive breast cancer (IBC) and scRNA-seq data demonstrated that ongoing transcription of key BM genes occurs in specific subsets of epithelial cell states. Examining BM in archival microinvasive breast cancers and an in vitro model of invasion, we found that passive loss of BM gene expression due to cell state proportion alterations is associated with loss of the structural integrity of the duct leading to an invasive phenotype. Our analyses provide detailed insight into DCIS biology.

SIGNIFICANCESingle cell analysis reveals that preinvasive breast cancer is comprised of multiple genetic clones and there is substantial phenotypic diversity both within and between these clones. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast is a non-invasive condition commonly identified through mammographic screening. A primary diagnosis of DCIS carries little mortality risk on its own, but its presence is a risk factor for subsequent clonally related invasive breast cancer (IBC) (1-5).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strand, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Ijzendoorn, D. G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vennam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colditz, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwang, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marks, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Owzar, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>West, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.10.561724</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single Cell Expression Analysis of Ductal Carcinoma in Situ Identifies Alterations in Epithelial Integrity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.09.561598v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
25-hydroxycholesterol mediates brain cytokine production and neutrophil infiltration in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.09.561598v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuroinflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurologic and psychiatric disorders. Microglia are key drivers of neuroinflammation and in response to different inflammatory stimuli overexpress a proinflammatory signature of genes. Among these, Ch25h is a gene overexpressed in brain tissue from Alzheimers disease as well as various mouse models of neuroinflammation. Ch25h encodes cholesterol 25-hydroxylase, an enzyme that hydroxylates cholesterol to form 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC). 25HC, an immune-oxysterol primarily produced by activated microglia, is further metabolized to 7,25-dihydroxycholesterol, which is a potent chemoattractant for leukocytes. We have also previously shown that 25HC increases production and secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine, IL-1{beta}, by mouse microglia treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In the present study, wildtype (WT) and Ch25h-knockout (CKO) mice were peripherally administered LPS to induce an inflammatory state in the brain. In LPS-treated WT mice, Ch25h expression and 25HC levels increased in brain relative to vehicle-treated WT mice. Interestingly, 25HC levels were significantly higher in LPS-treated WT female compared to male mice. Activation of microglia and astrocytes in response to systemic LPS was suppressed in CKO mice relative to WT mice. Proinflammatory cytokine production and intra-parenchymal infiltration of neutrophils strongly correlated with brain 25HC levels and were significantly lower in CKO compared to WT mice. Overall, our results show that 25HC mediates a sex-specific proinflammatory response in the brain characterized by activation of both microglia and astrocytes but also by neutrophil migration into the brain parenchyma presumably due to 7,25-diHC produced from 25HC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Romero, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toral-Rios, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>CASHIKAR, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.09.561598</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[25-hydroxycholesterol mediates brain cytokine production and neutrophil infiltration in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.10.561753v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor Protects Against Severe Urinary Tract Infection in Mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.10.561753v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Millions suffer from urinary tract infections (UTIs) worldwide every year with women accounting for the majority of cases. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) causes most of these primary infections and leads to 25% becoming recurrent or chronic. To repel invading pathogens, the urinary tract mounts a vigorous innate immune response that includes the secretion of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), rapid recruitment of phagocytes and exfoliation of superficial umbrella cells. Here, we investigate secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), an AMP with antiprotease, antimicrobial and immunomodulatory functions, known to play protective roles at other mucosal sites, but not well characterized in UTIs. Using a mouse model of UPEC-caused UTI, we show that urine SLPI increases in infected mice and that SLPI is localized to bladder epithelial cells. UPEC infected SLPI-deficient (Slpi-/-) mice suffer from higher urine bacterial burdens, prolonged bladder inflammation, and elevated urine neutrophil elastase (NE) levels compared to wild-type (Slpi+/+) controls. Combined with bulk bladder RNA sequencing, our data indicate that Slpi-/- mice have a dysregulated immune and tissue repair response following UTI. We also measure SLPI in urine samples from a small group of female subjects 18-49 years old and find that SLPI tends to be higher in the presence of a uropathogen, except in patients with history of recent or recurrent UTI (rUTI), suggesting a dysregulation of SLPI expression in these women. Taken together, our findings show SLPI protects against acute UTI in mice and provides preliminary evidence that SLPI is likewise regulated in response to uropathogen exposure in women.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rosen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lint, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voelker, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomera, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santiago Borges, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallace, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hannan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burnham, C.-A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hultgren, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kau, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.10.561753</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor Protects Against Severe Urinary Tract Infection in Mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.11.561912v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Healthy adults favor stable left/right hand choices over performance at an unconstrained reach-to-grasp task 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.11.561912v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Reach-to-grasp actions are fundamental to the daily activities of human life, but few methods exist to assess individuals reaching and grasping actions in unconstrained environments. The Block Building Task (BBT) provides an opportunity to directly observe and quantify these actions, including left/right hand choices. Here we sought to investigate the motor and non-motor causes of left/right hand choices, and optimize the design of the BBT, by manipulating motor and non-motor difficulty in the BBTs unconstrained reach-to-grasp task We hypothesized that greater motor and non-motor (e.g. cognitive/perceptual) difficulty would drive increased usage of the dominant hand. To test this hypothesis, we modulated block size (large vs. small) to influence motor difficulty, and model complexity (10 vs. 5 blocks per model) to influence non-motor difficulty, in healthy adults (n=57). We hypothesized that healthy adults with high non-dominant hand performance in a precision drawing task should be more likely to use their non-dominant hand in the BBT. Our data revealed that increased motor and non-motor difficulty led to lower task performance (slower speed), but participants only increased use of their dominant hand only under the most difficult combination of conditions: in other words, participants allowed their performance to degrade before changing hand choices, even though participants were instructed only to optimize performance. These results demonstrate that hand choices during reach-to grasp actions are more stable than motor performance in healthy right-handed adults, but tasks with multifaceted difficulties can drive individuals to rely more on their dominant hand.

Statements and DeclarationsDr. Philip and Washington University in St. Louis have a licensing agreement with PlatformSTL to commercialize the iPad app used in this study.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gassass, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Philip, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.11.561912</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Healthy adults favor stable left/right hand choices over performance at an unconstrained reach-to-grasp task]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.13.561901v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
E. coli RecBCD Nuclease Domain Regulates Helicase Activity but not Single Stranded DNA Translocase Activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.13.561901v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Much is still unknown about the mechanisms by which helicases unwind duplex DNA. Whereas structure-based models describe DNA unwinding as a consequence of mechanically pulling the DNA duplex across a wedge domain in the helicase by the single stranded (ss)DNA translocase activity of the ATPase motors, biochemical data indicate that processive DNA unwinding by the E. coli RecBCD helicase can occur in the absence of ssDNA translocation of the canonical RecB and RecD motors. Here, we present evidence that dsDNA unwinding is not a simple consequence of ssDNA translocation by the RecBCD motors. Using stopped-flow fluorescence approaches, we show that a RecB nuclease domain deletion variant (RecB{Delta}NucCD) unwinds dsDNA at significantly slower rates than RecBCD, while the rate of ssDNA translocation is unaffected. This effect is primarily due to the absence of the nuclease domain and not the absence of the nuclease activity, since a nuclease-dead mutant (RecBD1080ACD), which retains the nuclease domain, showed no significant change in rates of ssDNA translocation or dsDNA unwinding relative to RecBCD on short DNA substrates ([&le;] 60 base pairs). This indicates that ssDNA translocation is not rate-limiting for DNA unwinding. RecB{Delta}NucCD also initiates unwinding much slower than RecBCD from a blunt-ended DNA, although it binds with higher affinity than RecBCD. RecB{Delta}NucCD also unwinds DNA [~]two-fold slower than RecBCD on long DNA ([~]20 kilo base pair) in single molecule optical tweezer experiments, although the rates for RecBD1080ACD unwinding are intermediate between RecBCD and RecB{Delta}NucCD. Surprisingly, significant pauses occur even in the absence of chi (crossover hotspot instigator) sites. We hypothesize that the nuclease domain influences the rate of DNA base pair melting, rather than DNA translocation, possibly allosterically. Since the rate of DNA unwinding by RecBCD also slows after it recognizes a chi sequence, RecB{Delta}NucCD may mimic a post-chi state of RecBCD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fazio, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mersch, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lohman, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.13.561901</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[E. coli RecBCD Nuclease Domain Regulates Helicase Activity but not Single Stranded DNA Translocase Activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.14.562358v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Network level enrichment provides a framework for biological interpretation of machine learning results 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.14.562358v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Machine learning algorithms are increasingly used to identify brain connectivity biomarkers linked to behavior and clinical outcomes. However, non-standard methodological choices in neuroimaging datasets, especially those with families or twins, have prevented robust machine learning applications. Additionally, prioritizing prediction accuracy over biological interpretability has made it challenging to understand the biological processes behind psychopathology. In this study, we employed a linear support vector regression model to study the relationship between resting-state functional connectivity networks and chronological age using data from the Human Connectome Project. We examined the effect of shared variance from twins and siblings by using cross-validation, either randomly assigning or keeping family members together. We also compared models with and without a Pearson feature filter and utilized a network enrichment approach to identify predictive brain networks. Results indicated that not accounting for shared family variance inflated prediction performance, and the Pearson filter reduced accuracy and reliability. Enhancing biological interpretability was achieved by inverting the machine learning model and applying network-level enrichment on the connectome, while directly using regression coefficients as feature weights led to misleading interpretations. Our findings offer crucial insights for applying machine learning to neuroimaging data, emphasizing the value of network enrichment for comprehensible biological interpretation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Segel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eck, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adeyemo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karcher, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eggebrecht, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wheelock, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.14.562358</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Network level enrichment provides a framework for biological interpretation of machine learning results]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.16.562572v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TFEB degradation is regulated by an IKK/β-TrCP2 phosphorylation-ubiquitination cascade 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.16.562572v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy that plays a key role in the regulation of cellular clearance pathways. TFEB is regulated via a complex array of post-translational modifications (PTMs), but the exact molecular mechanism that regulates TFEB stability has remained elusive. Here, we show that TFEB levels are critically regulated by a defined phosphorylation-ubiquitination cascade. A human kinome screen identifies IKK (inhibitor of {kappa}B kinase) as a TFEB modifier, and a combination of phosphorylation assays, mass spectrometry analyses, and site-specific mutagenesis unveils a previously unrecognized TFEB phospho-degron (423SPFPSLS429) as the target of IKK. We show that IKK-mediated phosphorylation of TFEB triggers ubiquitination of adjacent lysine residues (K430 and K431) by the E3 ligase {beta}-TrCP2 ({beta}-Transducin repeat-containing protein 2), thereby tagging TFEB for degradation. Modified TFEB constructs that abolish these PTMs show much increased stability and expression levels but remain equally sensitive to autophagy- or stress- related stimuli while maintaining the capability to promote the expression of TFEB target genes and the clearance of Alzheimers associated tau in a cellular model of disease. Our results therefore uncover an IKK/{beta}-TrCP2 phosphorylation-ubiquitination cascade as a major mechanism that governs TFEB stability independently of other TFEB regulators.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xiong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jazayeri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poncha, K. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ilagan, M. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, N. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sardiello, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.16.562572</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TFEB degradation is regulated by an IKK/β-TrCP2 phosphorylation-ubiquitination cascade]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.16.562573v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Glucocorticoid intermittence coordinates rescue of energy and mass in aging-related sarcopenia through the myocyte-autonomous PGC1alpha-Lipin1 transactivation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.16.562573v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sarcopenia burdens the elderly population through loss of muscle energy and mass, yet treatments to functionally rescue both parameters are missing. The glucocorticoid prednisone remodels muscle metabolism based on frequency of intake, but its mechanisms in sarcopenia are unknown. We found that once-weekly intermittent prednisone rescued muscle quality in aged 24-month-old mice to levels comparable to young 4-month-old mice. We discovered an age- and sex-independent glucocorticoid receptor transactivation program in muscle encompassing PGC1alpha and its co-factor Lipin1. Treatment coordinately improved mitochondrial abundance through isoform 1 and muscle mass through isoform 4 of the myocyte-specific PGC1alpha, which was required for the treatment-driven increase in carbon shuttling from glucose oxidation to amino acid biogenesis. We also probed the myocyte-specific Lipin1 as non-redundant factor coaxing PGC1alpha upregulation to the stimulation of both oxidative and anabolic capacities. Our study unveils an aging-resistant druggable program in myocytes to coordinately rescue energy and mass in sarcopenia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Prabakaran, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McFarland, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miz, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durumutla, H. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soussi, F. E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piczer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Latimer, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Werbrich, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blair, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Millay, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prideaux, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finck, B. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quattrocelli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.16.562573</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Glucocorticoid intermittence coordinates rescue of energy and mass in aging-related sarcopenia through the myocyte-autonomous PGC1alpha-Lipin1 transactivation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.19.563170v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinct function of Chlamydomonas CTRA-CTR transporters in Cu assimilation and intracellular mobilization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.19.563170v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Successful acclimation to copper (Cu) deficiency involves a fine balance between Cu import and export. In the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Cu import is dependent on Copper Response Regulator 1 (CRR1), the master regulator of Cu homeostasis. Among CRR1 target genes are two Cu transporters belonging to the CTR/COPT gene family (CTR1 and CTR2) and a related soluble cysteine-rich protein (CTR3). The ancestor of these green algal proteins was likely acquired from an ancient chytrid and contained conserved cysteine-rich domains (named the CTR-associated domains, CTRA) that are predicted to be involved in Cu acquisition. We show by reverse genetics that Chlamydomonas CTR1 and CTR2 are canonical Cu importers albeit with distinct affinities, while loss of CTR3 did not result in an observable phenotype under the conditions tested. Mutation of CTR1, but not CTR2, recapitulate the poor growth of crr1 in Cu-deficient medium, consistent with a dominant role for CTR1 in high affinity Cu(I) uptake. Notably, the over-accumulation of Cu(I) in Zinc (Zn)-deficiency (20 times the quota) depends on CRR1 and both CTR1 and CTR2. CRR1-dependent activation of CTR gene expression needed for Cu over-accumulation can be bypassed by the provision of excess Cu in the growth medium. Over-accumulated Cu is sequestered into the acidocalcisome but can become remobilized by restoring Zn nutrition. This mobilization is also CRR1-dependent, and requires activation of CTR2 expression, again distinguishing CTR2 from CTR1 and is consistent with the lower substrate affinity of CTR2.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Strenkert, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmollinger, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paruthiyil, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shafer, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salome, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blaby-Haas, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moseley, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merchant, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.19.563170</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinct function of Chlamydomonas CTRA-CTR transporters in Cu assimilation and intracellular mobilization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.18.562892v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (Atm) disruption sensitizes spatially-directed H3.3K27M/TP53 diffuse midline gliomas to radiation therapy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.18.562892v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) are lethal brain tumors characterized by p53-inactivating mutations and oncohistone H3.3K27M mutations that rewire the cellular response to genotoxic stress, which presents therapeutic opportunities. We used RCAS/tv-a retroviruses and Cre recombinase to inactivate p53 and induce K27M in the native H3f3a allele in a lineage- and spatially-directed manner, yielding primary mouse DMGs. Genetic or pharmacologic disruption of the DNA damage response kinase Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) enhanced the efficacy of focal brain irradiation, extending mouse survival. This finding suggests that targeting ATM will enhance the efficacy of radiation therapy for p53-mutant DMG but not p53-wildtype DMG. We used spatial in situ transcriptomics and an allelic series of primary murine DMG models with different p53 mutations to identify transactivation-independent p53 activity as a key mediator of such radiosensitivity. These studies deeply profile a genetically faithful and versatile model of a lethal brain tumor to identify resistance mechanisms for a therapeutic strategy currently in clinical trials.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mangoli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aksu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, V. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foreman, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Regal, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weidenhammer, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guerra Garcia, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hocke, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abramson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, N. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deland, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Attardi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abe, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hashizume, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashley, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becher, O. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirsch, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gregory, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reitman, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.18.562892</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (Atm) disruption sensitizes spatially-directed H3.3K27M/TP53 diffuse midline gliomas to radiation therapy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.18.562984v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deletion of NuRD component Mta2 in nephron progenitor cells causes developmentally programmed FSGS 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.18.562984v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Low nephron endowment at birth is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease. The prevalence of this condition is increasing due to higher survival rates of preterm infants and children with multi- organ birth defect syndromes that affect the kidney and urinary tract. We created a mouse model of congenital low nephron number due to deletion of Mta2 in nephron progenitor cells. Mta2 is a core component of the Nucleosome Remodeling and Deacetylase (NuRD) chromatin remodeling complex. These mice developed albuminuria at 4 weeks of age followed by focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) at 8 weeks, with progressive kidney injury and fibrosis. Our studies reveal that altered mitochondrial metabolism in the post-natal period leads to accumulation of neutral lipids in glomeruli at 4 weeks of age followed by reduced mitochondrial oxygen consumption. We found that NuRD cooperated with Zbtb7a/7b to regulate a large number of metabolic genes required for fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation. Analysis of human kidney tissue also supported a role for reduced mitochondrial lipid metabolism and ZBTB7A/7B in FSGS and CKD. We propose that an inability to meet the physiological and metabolic demands of post-natal somatic growth of the kidney promotes the transition to CKD in the setting of glomerular hypertrophy due to low nephron endowment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Basta, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robbins, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stout, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shapiro, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Denner, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baldan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Messias, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madhavan, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parikh, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rauchman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.18.562984</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deletion of NuRD component Mta2 in nephron progenitor cells causes developmentally programmed FSGS]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.19.563018v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Global control of cellular physiology by biomolecular condensates through modulation of electrochemical equilibria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.19.563018v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Control of the electrochemical environment in living cells is typically attributed to ion channels. Here we show that the formation of biomolecular condensates can modulate the electrochemical environment in cells, which affects processes globally within the cell and interactions of the cell with its environment. Condensate formation results in the depletion or enrichment of certain ions, generating intracellular ion gradients. These gradients directly affect the electrochemical properties of a cell, including the cytoplasmic pH and hyperpolarization of the membrane potential. The modulation of the electrochemical equilibria between the intra- and extra-cellular environments by biomolecular condensates governs charge-dependent uptake of small molecules by cells, and thereby directly influences bacterial survival under antibiotic stress. The shift of the intracellular electrochemical equilibria by condensate formation also drives a global change of the gene expression profile. The control of the cytoplasmic environment by condensates is correlated with their volume fraction, which can be highly variable between cells due to the stochastic nature of gene expression at the single cell level. Thus, condensate formation can amplify cell-cell variability of the environmental effects induced by the shift of cellular electrochemical equilibria. Our work reveals new biochemical functions of condensates, which extend beyond the biomolecules driving and participating in condensate formation, and uncovers a new role of biomolecular condensates in cellular regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivera, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohammed, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu-Kim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chilkoti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.19.563018</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Global control of cellular physiology by biomolecular condensates through modulation of electrochemical equilibria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.18.562944v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Patient-derived tumor organoids from resected non-small cell lung cancers for high-throughput response testing with approved and repurposed drugs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.18.562944v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe five-year survival for non-metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients undergoing curative surgery remains poor at [~]50% that is due to locoregional and/or distant metastatic recurrences. Patient-derived tumor organoids (PDTOs) have high potential as clinically relevant high-throughput drug testing platforms to personalize and improve treatment of NSCLC patients. We aimed to develop PDTOs from non-metastatic NSCLC patients to assess their suitability to study tumor heterogeneities and personalized drug responses.

MethodsTen non-metastatic (stage I-IIIA) NSCLC patients undergoing curative surgical resection were prospectively enrolled. PDTOs were established from resected lung tumor tissues and were compared with matched primary tumors by histopathology, immunohistochemistry, whole exome and whole transcriptome sequencing analysis. PDTO responses to standard of care carboplatin/paclitaxel chemotherapy were determined by measuring organoid growth using bright-field 3D imaging. Transcriptomic differential gene expression analysis identified molecular targets for drug repurposing to overcome chemoresistance.

ResultsNSCLC PDTOs were successfully generated from all 10 (100%) primary tumors with a median time of 12 days (range 4-16 days). All 10 PDTOs could be grown from cryopreserved tumor tissues or reconstituted from frozen PDTOs (living biobank). PDTOs retained histopathological, immunohistochemical protein expression and mutational landscape of the matched primary tumors. Microenvironment cell population analysis revealed epithelial cell signatures of the PDTOs that matched the patients lung tumor tissues. Treatment responses of PDTOs to carboplatin/paclitaxel were determined by growth differences versus vehicle control group. 5/10 (50%) PDTOs were chemo-sensitive, whereas 5/10 (50%) were chemo-resistant. Upregulation of aldo-keto reductases (AKR1B10/15) was observed in chemoresistant PDTOs by differential gene expression analysis and confirmed by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry in PDTOs and tumor tissues. Epalrestat, an anti-diabetic AKR1B10 inhibitory drug, was repurposed to effectively sensitize PDTOs to carboplatin/paclitaxel.

ConclusionsPDTOs can be established from resected NSCLC primary tumor tissues with high success rates and conserve cellular, molecular and genomic characteristics of the matched NSCLC tumors. PDTOs can serve as clinically applicable and relevant personalized drug screening platforms to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of drugs, including repurposed drugs, to overcome chemoresistance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Suvilesh, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manjunath, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nussbaum, Y. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gadelkarim, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srivastava, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warren, W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shyu, C.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ciorba, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchem, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rachagani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaifi, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.18.562944</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Patient-derived tumor organoids from resected non-small cell lung cancers for high-throughput response testing with approved and repurposed drugs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.20.562785v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Endogenous opioids gate the locus coeruleus pain generator 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.20.562785v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The locus coeruleus (LC) plays a paradoxical role in chronic pain. Although largely known as a potent source of endogenous analgesia, increasing evidence suggests injury can transform the LC into a chronic pain generator. We sought to clarify the role of this system in pain. Here, we show optogenetic inhibition of LC activity is acutely antinociceptive. Following long-term spared nerve injury, the same LC inhibition is analgesic - further supporting its pain generator function. To identify inhibitory substrates that may naturally serve this function, we turned to endogenous LC mu opioid receptors (LC-MOR). These receptors provide powerful LC inhibition and exogenous activation of LC-MOR is antinociceptive. We therefore hypothesized that endogenous LC-MOR-mediated inhibition is critical to how the LC modulates pain. Using cell type-selective conditional knockout and rescue of LC-MOR receptor signaling, we show these receptors bidirectionally regulate thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia - providing a functional gate on the LC pain generator.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Norris, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunn, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borges, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thang, L. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCall, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.20.562785</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Endogenous opioids gate the locus coeruleus pain generator]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.20.563368v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell Chirality of Micropatterned Endometrial Microvascular Endothelial Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.20.563368v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chirality is an intrinsic cellular property that describes cell polarization biases along the left-right axis, apicobasal axis, or front-rear axes. Cell chirality plays a significant role in the arrangement of organs in the body as well as the orientation of organelles, cytoskeletons, and cells. Vascular networks within the endometrium, the mucosal inner lining of the uterus, commonly display spiral architectures that rapidly form across the menstrual cycle. Herein, we systematically examine the role of endometrial-relevant extracellular matrix stiffness, composition, and soluble signals on endometrial endothelial cell chirality using a high-throughput microarray. Endometrial endothelial cells display marked patterns of chirality as individual cells and as cohorts in response to substrate stiffness and environmental cues. Vascular networks formed from endometrial endothelial cells also display shifts in chirality as a function of exogenous hormones. Changes in cellular-scale chirality correlate with changes in vascular network parameters, suggesting a critical role for cellular chirality in directing endometrial vessel network organization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zambuto, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Theriault, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Underhill, G. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harley, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.20.563368</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell Chirality of Micropatterned Endometrial Microvascular Endothelial Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.22.563493v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Missense mutations in Myc Box I influence MYC cellular localization, mRNA partitioning and turnover to promote leukemogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.22.563493v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Somatic missense mutations in the phosphodegron domain of the MYC gene (MYC Box I) are detected in the dominant clones of a subset of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, but the mechanisms by which they contribute to AML are unknown. To unveil unique proprieties of MBI MYC mutant proteins, we systematically compared the cellular and molecular consequences of expressing similar oncogenic levels of wild type and MBI mutant MYC. We found that MBI MYC mutants can accelerate leukemia by driving unique transcriptional signatures in highly selected, myeloid progenitor subpopulations. Although these mutations increase MYC stability, they overall dampen MYC chromatin localization and lead to a cytoplasmic accumulation of the mutant proteins. This phenotype is coupled with increased translation of RNA binding proteins and nuclear export machinery, which results in altered RNA partitioning and accelerated decay of select transcripts encoding proapoptotic and proinflammatory genes. Heterozygous knockin mice harboring the germline MBI mutation Myc p.T73N exhibit cytoplasmic MYC localization, myeloid progenitors expansion with similar transcriptional signatures to the overexpression model, and eventually develop hematological malignancies. This study uncovers that MBI MYC mutations alter MYC localization and disrupt mRNA subcellular distribution and turnover of select transcripts to accelerate tumor initiation and growth.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arthur, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christensen, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mannino, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruzinova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruszczynska, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Day, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erdmann-Gilmore, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sprung, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>York, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spencer, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Townsend, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sykes, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferraro, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.22.563493</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Missense mutations in Myc Box I influence MYC cellular localization, mRNA partitioning and turnover to promote leukemogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.24.563850v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A novel glycosyltransferase organizes fungal glycogen and cell wall glucans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.24.563850v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glycogen is a glucose storage molecule comprised of branched -1,4-glucan chains, best known as an energy reserve that can be broken down to fuel central metabolism. Because fungal cells have a specialized need for glucose in building cell wall glucans, we investigated whether glycogen is used for this process. For these studies we focused on the pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans, which causes over 112,000 deaths per year worldwide. We identified two enzymes that influence formation of both glycogen and the cell wall: Gly-cogenin (Glg1), which initiates glycogen synthesis, and a novel protein that we call Glucan organizing enzyme 1 (Goe1). We discovered that cells missing Glg1 lack -1,4-glucan in their walls, indicating that this material is derived from glycogen. Without Goe1, glycogen rosettes are mislocalized and {beta}-1,3-glucan in the cell wall is reduced. Altogether, our results provide mechanisms for a close association between glycogen and cell wall.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Loza, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doering, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.24.563850</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A novel glycosyltransferase organizes fungal glycogen and cell wall glucans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.23.563587v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lipin-1 restrains macrophage lipid synthesis to promote inflammation resolution. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.23.563587v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Macrophages are critical to maintaining and restoring tissue homeostasis during inflammation. The lipid metabolic state of macrophages influences their function, but a deeper understanding of how lipid metabolism is regulated in pro-resolving macrophage responses is needed. Lipin-1 is a phosphatidic acid phosphatase with a transcriptional coregulatory activity (TC) that regulates lipid metabolism. We previously demonstrated that lipin-1 supports pro-resolving macrophage responses, and here, myeloid-associated lipin-1 is required for inflammation resolution, yet how lipin-1-regulated cellular mechanisms promote macrophage pro-resolution responses is unknown. We demonstrated that the loss of lipin-1 in macrophages led to increased free fatty acid, neutral lipid, and ceramide content and increased phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. The inhibition of the first step of lipid synthesis and transport of citrate from the mitochondria in macrophages reduced lipid content and restored efferocytosis and inflammation resolution in lipin-1mKO macrophages and mice. Our findings suggest macrophage-associated lipin-1 restrains lipid synthesis, promoting pro-resolving macrophage function in response to pro-resolving stimuli.

TeaserLipin 1 blockade of lipid biosynthesis inducing mitochondrial citrate export promotes efferocytosis and inflammation resolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bamgbose, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schilke, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Igiehon, O. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nkadi, E. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Custis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bharrhan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwarz, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bohrnsen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bosio, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yurdagul, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finck, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woolard, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.23.563587</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lipin-1 restrains macrophage lipid synthesis to promote inflammation resolution.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.23.563611v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multilayer network associations between the exposome and childhood brain development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.23.563611v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Growing up in a high poverty neighborhood is associated with elevated risk for academic challenges and health problems. Here, we take a data-driven approach to exploring how measures of childrens environments relate to the development of their brain structure and function in a community sample of children between the ages of 4 and 10 years. We constructed exposomes including measures of family socioeconomic status, childrens exposure to adversity, and geocoded measures of neighborhood socioeconomic status, crime, and environmental toxins. We connected the exposome to two structural measures (cortical thickness and surface area, n = 170) and two functional measures (participation coefficient and clustering coefficient, n = 130). We found dense connections within exposome and brain layers and sparse connections between exposome and brain layers. Lower family income was associated with thinner visual cortex, consistent with the theory that accelerated development is detectable in early-developing regions. Greater neighborhood incidence of high blood lead levels was associated with greater segregation of the default mode network, consistent with evidence that toxins are deposited into the brain along the midline. Our study demonstrates the utility of multilayer network analysis to bridge environmental and neural explanatory levels to better understand the complexity of child development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Simpson-Kent, I. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gatavins, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tooley, U. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boroshok, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDermott, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reyes, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bathelt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tisdall, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mackey, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.23.563611</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multilayer network associations between the exposome and childhood brain development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.24.563842v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Energy metabolism modulates the regulatory impact of activators on gene expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.24.563842v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene expression is a regulated process fueled by ATP consumption. Therefore, regulation must be coupled to constraints imposed by the level of energy metabolism. Here, we explore this relationship both theoretically and experimentally. A stylized mathematical model predicts that activators of gene expression have variable impact depending on metabolic rate. Activators become less essential when metabolic rate is reduced and more essential when metabolic rate is enhanced. We find that in the Drosophila eye, expression dynamics of the yan gene are less affected by loss of EGFR-mediated activation when metabolism is reduced, and the opposite effect is seen when metabolism is enhanced. The effects are also seen at the level of pattern regularity in the adult eye, where loss of EGFR-mediated activation is mitigated by lower metabolism. We propose that gene activation is tuned by energy metabolism to allow for faithful expression dynamics in the face of variable metabolic conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qiao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernasek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallagher, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamada, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagheri, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaral, L. A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carthew, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.24.563842</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Energy metabolism modulates the regulatory impact of activators on gene expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.26.564206v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Designer Fat Cells: Adipogenic Differentiation of CRISPR-Cas9 Genome-Engineered Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.26.564206v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adipose tissue is an active endocrine organ that can signal bidirectionally to many tissues and organ systems in the body. With obesity, adipose tissue is a source of low-level inflammation that contributes to various co-morbidities and damage to downstream effector tissues. The ability to synthesize genetically engineered adipose tissue could have critical applications in studying adipokine signaling and the use of adipose tissue for novel therapeutic strategies. This study aimed to develop a method for non-viral adipogenic differentiation of genome-edited murine induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and to test the ability of such cells to engraft in mice in vivo. Designer adipocytes were created from iPSCs, which can be readily genetically engineered using CRISPR-Cas9 to knock out or insert individual genes of interest. As a model system for adipocyte-based drug delivery, an existing iPSC cell line that transcribes interleukin 1 receptor antagonist under the endogenous macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 promoter was tested for adipogenic capabilities under these same differentiation conditions. To understand the role of various adipocyte subtypes and their impact on health and disease, an efficient method was devised for inducing browning and whitening of IPSC-derived adipocytes in culture. Finally, to study the downstream effects of designer adipocytes in vivo, we transplanted the designer adipocytes into fat-free lipodystrophic mice as a model system for studying adipose signaling in different models of disease or repair. This novel translational tissue engineering and regenerative medicine platform provides an innovative approach to studying the role of adipose interorgan communication in various conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ely, E. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kapinski, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paradi, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guilak, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collins, K. H.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.26.564206</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Designer Fat Cells: Adipogenic Differentiation of CRISPR-Cas9 Genome-Engineered Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.24.563880v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Hao-Fountain syndrome protein USP7 regulates neuronal connectivity in the brain via a novel p53-independent ubiquitin signaling pathway 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.24.563880v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Precise control of protein ubiquitination is essential for brain development, and hence, disruption of ubiquitin signaling networks can lead to neurological disorders. Mutations of the deubiquitinase USP7 cause the Hao-Fountain syndrome (HAFOUS), characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability, autism, and aggressive behavior. Here, we report that conditional deletion of USP7 in excitatory neurons in the mouse forebrain triggers diverse phenotypes including sensorimotor deficits, learning and memory impairment, and aggressive behavior, resembling clinical features of HAFOUS. USP7 deletion induces neuronal apoptosis in a manner dependent of the tumor suppressor p53. However, most behavioral abnormalities in USP7 conditional mice persist despite p53 loss. Strikingly, USP7 deletion in the brain perturbs the synaptic proteome and dendritic spine morphogenesis independently of p53. Integrated proteomics analysis reveals that the neuronal USP7 interactome is enriched for proteins implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders and specifically identifies the RNA splicing factor Ppil4 as a novel neuronal substrate of USP7. Knockdown of Ppil4 in cortical neurons impairs dendritic spine morphogenesis, phenocopying the effect of USP7 loss on dendritic spines. These findings reveal a novel USP7-Ppil4 ubiquitin signaling link that regulates neuronal connectivity in the developing brain, with implications for our understanding of the pathogenesis of HAFOUS and other neurodevelopmental disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferguson, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Titus, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paulo, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, T.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yano, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, S.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuede, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gygi, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.24.563880</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Hao-Fountain syndrome protein USP7 regulates neuronal connectivity in the brain via a novel p53-independent ubiquitin signaling pathway]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.25.564042v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A reinterpretation of the relationship between persistent and resurgent sodium currents 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.25.564042v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The resurgent sodium current (INaR) activates on membrane repolarization, such as during the downstroke of neuronal action potentials. Due to its unique activation properties, INaR is thought to drive high rates of repetitive neuronal firing. However, INaR is often studied in combination with the persistent or non-inactivating portion of sodium currents (INaP). We used dynamic clamp to test how INaR and INaP individually affect repetitive firing in adult cerebellar Purkinje neurons from male and female mice. We learned INaR does not scale repetitive firing rates due to its rapid decay at subthreshold voltages, and that subthreshold INaP is critical in regulating neuronal firing rate. Adjustments to the Nav conductance model used in these studies revealed INaP and INaR can be inversely scaled by adjusting occupancy in the slow inactivated kinetic state. Together with additional dynamic clamp experiments, these data suggest the regulation of sodium channel slow inactivation can fine-tune INaP and Purkinje neuron repetitive firing rates.

Significance StatementAcross neuronal cell types, the resurgent sodium current (INaR) is often implicated in driving high rates of repetitive firing. Using dynamic clamp, we determined INaR is ineffective at driving subsequent action potentials, and that the subthreshold persistent sodium current (INaP) is the critical parameter for scaling repetitive firing rates. We propose INaR measured in native neurons may reflect a mechanism by which the magnitude of INaP is fine-tuned.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brown, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawson, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreno, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ransdell, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.25.564042</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A reinterpretation of the relationship between persistent and resurgent sodium currents]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.30.564856v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanical Resistance to Micro-Heart Tissue Contractility unveils early Structural and Functional Pathology in iPSC Models of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.30.564856v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common cause of sudden death in the young. Because the disease exhibits variable penetrance, there are likely nongenetic factors that contribute to the manifestation of the disease phenotype. Clinically, hypertension is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with HCM, suggesting a potential synergistic role for the sarcomeric mutations associated with HCM and mechanical stress on the heart. We developed an in vitro physiological model to investigate how the afterload that the heart muscle works against during contraction acts together with HCM-linked MYBPC3 mutations to trigger a disease phenotype. Micro-heart muscle arrays (HM) were engineered from iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes bearing MYBPC3 loss-of-function mutations and challenged to contract against mechanical resistance with substrates stiffnesses ranging from the of embryonic hearts (0.4 kPa) up to the stiffness of fibrotic adult hearts (114 kPa). Whereas MYBPC3+/- iPSC-cardiomyocytes showed little signs of disease pathology in standard 2D culture, HMs that included components of afterload revealed several hallmarks of HCM, including cellular hypertrophy, impaired contractile energetics, and maladaptive calcium handling. Remarkably, we discovered changes in troponin C and T localization in the MYBPC3+/- HM that were entirely absent in 2D culture. Pharmacologic studies suggested that excessive Ca2+ intake through membrane-embedded channels, rather than sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) dysfunction or Ca2+ buffering at myofilaments underlie the observed electrophysiological abnormalities. These results illustrate the power of physiologically relevant engineered tissue models to study inherited disease mechanisms with iPSC technology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>GUO, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuftan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreno, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramahdita, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aryan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhagavan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huebsch, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.30.564856</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanical Resistance to Micro-Heart Tissue Contractility unveils early Structural and Functional Pathology in iPSC Models of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.27.564416v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-echo Acquisition and Thermal Denoising Advances Infant Precision Functional Imaging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.27.564416v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The characterization of individual functional brain organization with Precision Functional Mapping has provided important insights in recent years in adults. However, little is known about the ontogeny of inter-individual differences in brain functional organization during human development. Precise characterization of systems organization during periods of high plasticity is likely to be essential for discoveries promoting lifelong health. Obtaining precision fMRI data during development has unique challenges that highlight the importance of establishing new methods to improve data acquisition, processing, and analysis. Here, we investigate two methods that can facilitate attaining this goal: multi-echo (ME) data acquisition and thermal noise removal with Noise Reduction with Distribution Corrected (NORDIC) principal component analysis. We applied these methods to precision fMRI data from adults, children, and newborn infants. In adults, both ME acquisitions and NORDIC increased temporal signal to noise ratio (tSNR) as well as the split-half reliability of functional connectivity matrices, with the combination helping more than either technique alone. The benefits of NORDIC denoising replicated in both our developmental samples. ME acquisitions revealed longer and more variable T2* relaxation times across the brain in infants relative to older children and adults, leading to major differences in the echo weighting for optimally combining ME data. This result suggests ME acquisitions may be a promising tool for optimizing developmental fMRI, albeit application in infants needs further investigation. The present work showcases methodological advances that improve Precision Functional Mapping in adults and developmental populations and, at the same time, highlights the need for further improvements in infant specific fMRI.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moser, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koirala, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madison, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Labonte, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morales Carrasco, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feczko, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myers, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yacoub, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trevo-Clemmens, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larsen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laumann, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vizioli, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sylvester, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fair, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.27.564416</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-echo Acquisition and Thermal Denoising Advances Infant Precision Functional Imaging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.29.564547v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sequence-ensemble-function relationships for disordered proteins in live cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.29.564547v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite lacking a stable three-dimensional structure, intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDRs) are ubiquitous across all kingdoms of life and play essential cellular roles. While rational design of folded proteins has seen substantial recent progress, our ability to design IDRs remains limited. Here, we present GOOSE, a comprehensive computational framework for the rational design of IDRs. GOOSEs versatility and throughput enable us to test thousands of IDR sequences, revealing distinct sequence-ensemble-function relationships. By using GOOSE to rapidly explore these relationships, we design IDRs that can alter their ensembles in response to cell volume changes, create scaffolds for the self-assembly of specific clients, and protect cells from desiccation. Taken together, this work highlights how sequence-function relationships are encoded in IDRs and provides a powerful tool for further exploration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Emenecker, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guadalupe, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shamoon, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sukenik, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.29.564547</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sequence-ensemble-function relationships for disordered proteins in live cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.29.564633v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Increasing hub disruption parallels dementia severity in autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.29.564633v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hub regions in the brain, recognized for their roles in ensuring efficient information transfer, are vulnerable to pathological alterations in neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer Disease (AD). Given their essential role in neural communication, disruptions to these hubs have profound implications for overall brain network integrity and functionality. Hub disruption, or targeted impairment of functional connectivity at the hubs, is recognized in AD patients. Computational models paired with evidence from animal experiments hint at a mechanistic explanation, suggesting that these hubs may be preferentially targeted in neurodegeneration, due to their high neuronal activity levels--a phenomenon termed "activity-dependent degeneration". Yet, two critical issues were unresolved. First, past research hasnt definitively shown whether hub regions face a higher likelihood of impairment (targeted attack) compared to other regions or if impairment likelihood is uniformly distributed (random attack). Second, human studies offering support for activity-dependent explanations remain scarce.

We applied a refined hub disruption index to determine the presence of targeted attacks in AD. Furthermore, we explored potential evidence for activity-dependent degeneration by evaluating if hub vulnerability is better explained by global connectivity or connectivity variations across functional systems, as well as comparing its timing relative to amyloid beta deposition in the brain. Our unique cohort of participants with autosomal dominant Alzheimer Disease (ADAD) allowed us to probe into the preclinical stages of AD to determine the hub disruption timeline in relation to expected symptom emergence.

Our findings reveal a hub disruption pattern in ADAD aligned with targeted attacks, detectable even in pre-clinical stages. Notably, the disruptions severity amplified alongside symptomatic progression. Moreover, since excessive local neuronal activity has been shown to increase amyloid deposition and high connectivity regions show high level of neuronal activity, our observation that hub disruption was primarily tied to regional differences in global connectivity and sequentially followed changes observed in A{beta} PET cortical markers is consistent with the activity-dependent degeneration model. Intriguingly, these disruptions were discernible 8 years before the expected age of symptom onset.

Taken together, our findings not only align with the targeted attack on hubs model but also suggest that activity-dependent degeneration might be the cause of hub vulnerability. This deepened understanding could be instrumental in refining diagnostic techniques and developing targeted therapeutic strategies for AD in the future.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tu, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Millar, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strain, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eck, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adeyemo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniels, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karch, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huey, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDade, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Day, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yakushev, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hassenstab, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Llibre-Guerra, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibanez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jucker, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendez, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bateman, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perrin, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benzinger, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jack, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Betzel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ances, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eggebrecht, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wheelock, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.29.564633</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Increasing hub disruption parallels dementia severity in autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.31.564889v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
S RNA Intergenic Deletions Drive Viral Interference during Arenavirus Infections 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.31.564889v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Arenaviruses, a family of negative-sense RNA viruses spread by rodents, are a leading cause of severe hemorrhagic fever in humans. Due to a paucity of antivirals and vaccines for arenaviruses, there is a need to identify new mechanisms for interfering with arenavirus replication. In several negative-sense RNA viruses, natural viral interference results from the production of non-standard viral genomes (nsVGs) that activate the innate immune system and/or compete for essential viral products. Although it is well established that arenaviruses produce strong interfering activities, it is unknown if they produce interfering nsVGs. Here we show that arenaviruses produce deletions within the intergenic region of their Small (S) RNA genome, which prevents the production of viral mRNA and protein. These deletions are more abundant when arenaviruses are grown in high-interfering conditions and are associated with inhibited viral replication. Overall, we found that arenaviruses produce internal deletions within the S RNA intergenic region that are produced by arenaviruses and can block viral replication. These natural arenavirus interfering molecules provide a new target for the generation of antivirals as well as an alternative strategy for producing attenuated arenaviruses for vaccines.

AUTHOR SUMMARYArenaviruses are hemorrhagic fever-causing pathogens that infect millions of people a year. There are currently no approved antivirals that target arenaviruses and understanding natural mechanisms that inhibit arenavirus replication is crucial for the development of effective therapeutics. Here, we identify multiple deletions within arenavirus genomes that are associated with the inhibition of viral replication. We show that these deletions prevent viral protein production through the removal of the intergenic region of the viral genome. These deletions were found in all arenaviruses tested in this study representing a novel mechanism for development of new antivirals and vaccines that broadly target the arenavirus family.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hackbart, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.31.564889</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[S RNA Intergenic Deletions Drive Viral Interference during Arenavirus Infections]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.31.565035v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NEUTROPHILS ARE INDISPENSABLE FOR ADVERSE CARDIAC REMODELING IN HEART FAILURE 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.31.565035v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Persistent immune activation contributes significantly to left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and adverse remodeling in heart failure (HF). In contrast to their well-known essential role in acute myocardial infarction (MI) as first responders that clear dead cells and facilitate subsequent reparative macrophage polarization, the role of neutrophils in the pathobiology of chronic ischemic HF is poorly defined. To determine the importance of neutrophils in the progression of ischemic cardiomyopathy, we measured their production, levels, and activation in a mouse model chronic HF 8 weeks after permanent coronary artery ligation and large MI. In HF mice, neutrophils were expanded both locally in failing myocardium (more in the border zone) and systemically in the blood, spleen and bone marrow, together with increased BM granulopoiesis. There were heightened stimuli for neutrophil recruitment and trafficking in HF, with increased myocardial expression of the neutrophil chemoattract chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL5, and increased neutrophil chemotactic factors in the circulation. HF neutrophil NETotic activity was increased in vitro with coordinate increases in circulating neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in vivo. Neutrophil depletion with either antibody-based or genetic approaches abrogated the progression of LV remodeling and fibrosis at both intermediate and late stages of HF. Moreover, analogous to murine HF, the plasma milieu in human acute decompensated HF strongly promoted neutrophil trafficking. Collectively, these results support a key tissue-injurious role for neutrophils and their associated cytotoxic products in ischemic cardiomyopathy and suggest that neutrophils are potential targets for therapeutic immunomodulation in this disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rokosh, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prabhu, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antipenko, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamid, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ismahil, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayfield, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunzer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jinno, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.31.565035</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NEUTROPHILS ARE INDISPENSABLE FOR ADVERSE CARDIAC REMODELING IN HEART FAILURE]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.31.564885v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reduced dosage of multiple dynein arm preassembly factors limits cilia regeneration in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.31.564885v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Motile cilia are complex organelles comprised of >800 structural proteins. Variants in 58 of these genes cause primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) in humans. We used a second-site non-complementation approach in diploid Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strains to investigate whether reduced dosage of different combinations of motile cilia proteins affects cilia growth / regeneration. Temperature-sensitive mutants in intraflagellar transport genes fail to complement in heterozygous diploids at the restrictive temperature, which may be due to poisonous interactions or a reduction in protein levels. Diploid strains heterozygous for 211 double mutant combinations in 21 genes are phenotypically recessive when unperturbed and do not show SSNC. Consequently, we developed a sensitized screen. When protein synthesis is inhibited, cells utilize the existing cytoplasmic pool of proteins, which is insufficient to build full-length cilia. Six double heterozygous strains in dynein arm preassembly factors (DNAAFs) pf13, pf23, wdr92, and oda8 regrow cilia that are shorter than wild-type diploids, which suggests that double heterozygosity limits the pool of assembled dynein arms further. We isolated a new null allele (pf23-4) that shows a more severe loss of ODAs and IDAs in cilia than the previously studied pf23-1 hypomorphic allele. We also identified a new role for PF23 in cytoplasmic modification of IC138, protein of the I1/f inner dynein arm. In our SSNC assay, the pf23-4 allele also exhibits a more severe phenotype than pf23-1. Whole cell extract immunoblots show a reduction of PF23 protein to one-half of wild-type levels in both single and double heterozygous genotypes. The pf13 mutant shows SSNC with mutants in two outer dynein arm structural proteins, ODA6, and ODA9. We suggest that reduction of multiple dynein preassembly factors limits the pool of assembled dynein arms needed for cilia assembly and regeneration. Our data support PF23 as a scaffolding hub protein involved in dynein arm assembly.

Author SummaryMotile cilia are essential for movement of cells and fluids. In humans, motile cilia defects cause primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a rare disease characterized by recurring respiratory infections, left-right asymmetry defects, ear infections, and infertility. Many genes are involved in motile cilia function and assembly. We use Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to study the effects of changes in protein levels in different combinations of proteins needed for motile cilia. Our results show that the proteins that help fold and assemble the dynein motors in the cytoplasm are sensitive to changes in the dosage of these preassembly factors. Reductions in proteins involved in multiple steps of the pathway prevents efficient dynein preassembly and cilia regeneration under stressful cellular conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dutcher, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penny, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.31.564885</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reduced dosage of multiple dynein arm preassembly factors limits cilia regeneration in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.31.565028v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Cre-dependent reporter mouse for quantitative real-time imaging of Protein Kinase A activity dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.31.565028v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intracellular signaling dynamics play a crucial role in cell function. Protein kinase A (PKA) is a key signaling molecule that has diverse functions, from regulating metabolism and brain activity to guiding development and cancer progression. We previously developed an optical reporter, FLIM-AKAR, that allows for quantitative imaging of PKA activity via fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy and photometry. However, using viral infection or electroporation for the delivery of FLIM-AKAR is invasive, cannot easily target sparse or hard-to-transfect/infect cell types, and results in variable expression. Here, we developed a reporter mouse, FL-AK, which expresses FLIM-AKAR in a Cre-dependent manner from the ROSA26 locus. FL-AK provides robust and consistent expression of FLIM-AKAR over time. Functionally, the mouse line reports an increase in PKA activity in response to activation of both Gs and Gq-coupled receptors in brain slices. In vivo, FL-AK reports PKA phosphorylation in response to neuromodulator receptor activation. Thus, FL-AK provides a quantitative, robust, and flexible method to reveal the dynamics of PKA activity in diverse cell types.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tilden, E. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maduskar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oldenborg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sabatini, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.31.565028</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Cre-dependent reporter mouse for quantitative real-time imaging of Protein Kinase A activity dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.31.565031v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Differential chromatin accessibility and transcriptional dynamics define breast cancer subtypes and their lineages 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.31.565031v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, and treatment is guided by biomarker profiles representing distinct molecular subtypes. Breast cancer arises from the breast ductal epithelium, and experimental data suggests breast cancer subtypes have different cells of origin within that lineage. The precise cells of origin for each subtype and the transcriptional networks that characterize these tumor-normal lineages are not established. In this work, we applied bulk, single-cell (sc), and single-nucleus (sn) multi-omic techniques as well as spatial transcriptomics and multiplex imaging on 61 samples from 37 breast cancer patients to show characteristic links in gene expression and chromatin accessibility between breast cancer subtypes and their putative cells of origin. We applied the PAM50 subtyping algorithm in tandem with bulk RNA-seq and snRNA-seq to reliably subtype even low-purity tumor samples and confirm promoter accessibility using snATAC. Trajectory analysis of chromatin accessibility and differentially accessible motifs clearly connected progenitor populations with breast cancer subtypes supporting the cell of origin for basal-like and luminal A and B tumors. Regulatory network analysis of transcription factors underscored the importance of BHLHE40 in luminal breast cancer and luminal mature cells, and KLF5 in basal-like tumors and luminal progenitor cells. Furthermore, we identify key genes defining the basal-like (PRKCA, SOX6, RGS6, KCNQ3) and luminal A/B (FAM155A, LRP1B) lineages, with expression in both precursor and cancer cells and further upregulation in tumors. Exhausted CTLA4-expressing CD8+ T cells were enriched in basal-like breast cancer, suggesting altered means of immune dysfunction among breast cancer subtypes. We used spatial transcriptomics and multiplex imaging to provide spatial detail for key markers of benign and malignant cell types and immune cell colocation. These findings demonstrate analysis of paired transcription and chromatin accessibility at the single cell level is a powerful tool for investigating breast cancer lineage development and highlight transcriptional networks that define basal and luminal breast cancer lineages.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Iglesia, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jayasinghe, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Terekhanova, N. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herndon, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Storrs, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karpova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naser Al Deen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shinkle, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, R. J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caravan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Houston, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sato, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lal, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Street, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodrigues, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Southard-Smith, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Targino da Costa, A. L. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mo, C.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crowson, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fulton, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wyczalkowski, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fronick, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fulton, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davies, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Appelbaum, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chasnoff, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carmody, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brooks, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wendl, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bender, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cruchaga, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harari, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bredemeyer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavine, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bose, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marge</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.31.565031</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Differential chromatin accessibility and transcriptional dynamics define breast cancer subtypes and their lineages]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.31.565047v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Improving the accuracy of bulk fitness assays by correcting barcode processing biases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.31.565047v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Measuring the fitnesses of genetic variants is a fundamental objective in evolutionary biology. A standard approach for measuring microbial fitnesses in bulk involves labeling a library of genetic variants with unique sequence barcodes, competing the labeled strains in batch culture, and using deep sequencing to track changes in the barcode abundances over time. However, idiosyncratic properties of barcodes (e.g., GC content) can induce non-uniform amplification or uneven sequencing coverage that cause some barcodes to be over-or under-represented in samples. This systematic bias can result in erroneous read count trajectories and misestimates of fitness. Here we develop a computational method for inferring the effects of processing bias by leveraging the structure of systematic deviations in the data. We illustrate this approach by applying it to fitness assay data collected for a large library of yeast variants, and show that this method estimates and corrects for bias more accurately than standard proxies, such as GC-based corrections. Our method mitigates bias and improves fitness estimates in high-throughput assays with-out introducing additional complexity to the experimental protocols, with potential value in a range of experimental evolution and mutation screening contexts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McGee, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinsler, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petrov, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tikhonov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.31.565047</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Improving the accuracy of bulk fitness assays by correcting barcode processing biases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.01.565138v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Senescent cells impair fracture repair through elevating ubiquitin-proteasome system activity in aged mice. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.01.565138v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Senescent cells accumulate in multiple tissues with aging. Depletion of senescent cells benefits the aging related disease, such as aging bone fracture. However, the molecular mechanisms by which senescent cells regulate their neighboring bone cells are still not well-known. We reported that proteasome inhibitor enhanced fracture repair in aged mice. Senescent cells are major source of chronic inflammatory cytokines, which in turn induced protein ubiquitination. We reported that PDGFR{beta} was one of the highly ubiquitinated proteins in mesenchymal progenitors (MPCs) and TGF{beta} was the most increased SASP. In the current study, we found TGF{beta} induced PDGFR{beta} ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation through its E3 ligases. TGF{beta} neutralizing antibody blocked the inhibited callus derived MPC growth and increased Ub-PDGFR{beta} by senescent cells, which could be further prevented PDGFR{beta} inhibitor. These findings suggested senescent cells derived TGF{beta} impaired fracture repair in aged mice through elevating ubiquitination of PDGFR{beta}. The discovery of TGF{beta}-PDGFR{beta} pathway triggered by senescent cells opens avenues for optimizing treatment strategies for aging related disease by combination with the ligand of PDGFR{beta}.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lipe, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyce, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>ZHANG, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.01.565138</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Senescent cells impair fracture repair through elevating ubiquitin-proteasome system activity in aged mice.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.01.565153v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An in vivo platform to identify clinically relevant pathogenic loci using Drosophila melanogaster 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.01.565153v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rare genetic disease discovery efforts typically lead to the identification of new disease genes. PreMIER (Precision Medicine Integrated Experimental Resources) is a collaborative platform designed to facilitate functional evaluation of human genetic variants in model systems, and to date the PreMIER Consortium has evaluated over 50 variants in patients with genetic disorders. To understand if Drosophila could be used to identify pathogenic disease loci as part of the PreMIER Consortium, we used tissue-specific gene knockdown in the fly as a proof of principle experiment. Tissue-specific knockdown of seven conserved disease genes caused significant changes in viability, longevity, behavior, motor function, and neuronal survival arguing a set of defined assays can be used to determine if a gene of uncertain significance (GUS) regulates specific physiological processes. This study highlights the utility of a tissue-specific knockdown platform in Drosophila to characterize GUS, which may provide the first genephenotype correlations for patients with idiopathic genetic disorders
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yamada, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ou, T. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nachadalingam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.01.565153</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An in vivo platform to identify clinically relevant pathogenic loci using Drosophila melanogaster]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.02.565376v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Linking modulation of bio-molecular phase behaviour with collective interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.02.565376v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bio-molecular condensates formed in the cytoplasm of cells are increasingly recognised as key spatiotemporal organisers of living matter, and are implicated in a wide range of functional or pathological processes. This discovery opens up a new avenue for condensate-based applications and a crucial step in controlling this process is to understand the underlying interactions driving condensate formation or dissolution. However, these condensates are highly multi-component assemblies and many inter-component interactions are present, rendering it difficult to identify key promoters of phase separation. In this work, we extend the recently formulated dominance analysis to modulations of condensate formation. By carrying out dilute phase concentration measurements of a single target solute, the theoretical framework allows one to deduce whether the modulator acts on the target solute or another unspecified, auxiliary solute, as well as the attractive/repulsive nature of the added interaction. This serve as a general guide towards deducing possible modulation mechanisms on the molecular level, which can be complemented by orthogonal measurements. As a case study, we investigate the modulation of G3BP1/RNA condensates by the small molecule suramin, and the dominance measurements point towards a dissolution mechanism where suramin acts on G3BP1 to disrupt G3BP1/RNA interactions, as confirmed by a diffusional sizing assay. Our approach and the dominance framework have a high degree of adaptability and can be applied in many other condensate-forming systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qian, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ausserwoger, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arter, W. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scrutton, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welsh, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kartanas, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ermann, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qamar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sneideris, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>St George-Hyslop, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knowles, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.02.565376</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Linking modulation of bio-molecular phase behaviour with collective interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.03.565565v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Biomechanical Modeling of Cesarean Section Scars and Scar Defects 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.03.565565v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Uterine rupture is an intrinsically biomechanical process associated with high maternal and fetal mortality. A previous Cesarean section (C-section) is the main risk factor for uterine rupture in a subsequent pregnancy due to tissue failure at the scar region. Finite element modeling of the uterus and scar tissue presents a promising method to further understand and predict uterine ruptures. Using patient dimensions of an at-term uterus, a C-section scar was modeled with an applied intrauterine pressure to study how scars affect uterine stress. The scar positioning and uterine thickness were varied, and a defect was incorporated into the scar region. The modeled stress distributions confirmed clinical observations as the increased regions of stress due to scar positioning, thinning of the uterine walls, and the presence of a defect are consistent with clinical observations of features that increase the risk of uterine rupture.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scott, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Louwagie, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myers, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oyen, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.03.565565</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Biomechanical Modeling of Cesarean Section Scars and Scar Defects]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.04.565646v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Renal mechanotransduction is an essential regulator of renin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.04.565646v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The kidneys tightly control the composition of our internal environment to maintain homeostasis in the face of external variability. The regulation of blood volume begins in the kidneys and is essential for vertebrate life in terrestrial environments where salt and water availability are unpredictable1,2. Renin synthesis and release by juxtaglomerular granular cells of the kidney is the rate-limiting step in a hormonal cascade that modulates blood volume, filtration, and salt balance2. Renin is stimulated during hypovolemia and salt deprivation in response to chemical cues released from sympathetic efferent neurons and the macula densa onto the juxtaglomerular granular cells. Renin levels are also proposed to be modulated by mechanical forces elicited by changes in blood volume and/or pressure exerted upon juxtaglomerular cells2-4. However, the identity and significance of the juxtaglomerular mechanotransducer(s) was unknown. We found that the force-gated ion channel PIEZO2 is expressed in juxtaglomerular granular cells and in neighboring mesangial cells. Selective genetic ablation of PIEZO2 dysregulated the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system by elevating renin, raising systemic blood pressure, inducing glomerular hyperfiltration, and exaggerating the hormonal response to volume depletion. These findings demonstrate that PIEZO2 contributes to renal blood volume sensing and kidney function in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hill, R. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shirvan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burquez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dubin, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Servin Vences, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miner, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patapoutian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.04.565646</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Renal mechanotransduction is an essential regulator of renin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.06.565735v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The modified RNA base acp3U is an attachment site for N-glycans in glycoRNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.06.565735v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We recently identified glycoRNA--a previously undescribed glycoconjugate--which consists of RNAs modified with secretory N-glycans and presented on the cell surface. While previous work supported a covalent linkage between RNA and glycans, the direct chemical nature of the RNA-glycan connection was not described. Here we develop a sensitive and scalable protocol to detect and characterize native glycoRNAs. Leveraging periodate oxidation and aldehyde ligation (rPAL) and Sequential Window Acquisition of all Theoretical Mass Spectra (SWATH-MS), we identified the modified RNA base 3-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)uridine (acp3U) as a site of attachment of N-glycans in glycoRNA. The sensitivity and robustness of rPAL provided the first evidence of a direct glycan-RNA linkage, and its flexibility will enable further characterization of glycoRNA biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hemberger, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Till, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chai, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watkins, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lebedenko, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caldwell, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertozzi, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flynn, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.06.565735</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The modified RNA base acp3U is an attachment site for N-glycans in glycoRNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.06.565830v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Coordinated differentiation of human intestinal organoids with functional enteric neurons and vasculature 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.06.565830v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human intestinal organoids (HIOs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells co-differentiate both epithelial and mesenchymal lineages in vitro but lack important cell types such as neurons, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle. Here, we report an in vitro method to derive HIOs with epithelium, mesenchyme, enteric neuroglial populations, endothelial cells, and organized smooth muscle in a single differentiation, without the need for co-culture. When transplanted into a murine host, these populations expand and organize to support organoid maturation and function. Functional experiments demonstrate enteric nervous system function, with HIOs undergoing peristaltic-like contractions, suggesting the development of a functional neuromuscular unit. HIOs also form functional vasculature, demonstrated in vitro using microfluidic devices to introduce vascular-like flow, and in vivo following transplantation, where HIO endothelial cells anastomose with host vasculature. Collectively, we report an in vitro model of the human gut that simultaneously co-differentiates epithelial, stromal, endothelial, neural, and organized muscle populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Childs, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poling, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sweet, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vallie, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eiken, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schreiner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conchola, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderman, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holloway, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giger, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahe, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walton, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loebel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helmrath, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rafii, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spence, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.06.565830</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Coordinated differentiation of human intestinal organoids with functional enteric neurons and vasculature]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.06.565765v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mucosal Adenoviral-vectored Vaccine Boosting Durably Prevents XBB.1.16 Infection in Nonhuman Primates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.06.565765v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Waning immunity and continued virus evolution have limited the durability of protection from symptomatic infection mediated by intramuscularly (IM)-delivered mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 although protection from severe disease remains high. Mucosal vaccination has been proposed as a strategy to increase protection at the site of SARS-CoV-2 infection by enhancing airway immunity, potentially reducing rates of infection and transmission. Here, we compared protection against XBB.1.16 virus challenge 5 months following IM or mucosal boosting in non-human primates (NHP) that had previously received a two-dose mRNA-1273 primary vaccine regimen. The mucosal boost was composed of a bivalent chimpanzee adenoviral-vectored vaccine encoding for both SARS-CoV-2 WA1 and BA.5 spike proteins (ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S) and delivered either by an intranasal mist or an inhaled aerosol. An additional group of animals was boosted by the IM route with bivalent WA1/BA.5 spike-matched mRNA (mRNA-1273.222) as a benchmark control. NHP were challenged in the upper and lower airways 18 weeks after boosting with XBB.1.16, a heterologous Omicron lineage strain. Cohorts boosted with ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S by an aerosolized or intranasal route had low to undetectable virus replication as assessed by levels of subgenomic SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the lungs and nose, respectively. In contrast, animals that received the mRNA-1273.222 boost by the IM route showed minimal protection against virus replication in the upper airway but substantial reduction of virus RNA levels in the lower airway. Immune analysis showed that the mucosal vaccines elicited more durable antibody and T cell responses than the IM vaccine. Protection elicited by the aerosolized vaccine was associated with mucosal IgG and IgA responses, whereas protection elicited by intranasal delivery was mediated primarily by mucosal IgA. Thus, durable immunity and effective protection against a highly transmissible heterologous variant in both the upper and lower airways can be achieved by mucosal delivery of a virus-vectored vaccine. Our study provides a template for the development of mucosal vaccines that limit infection and transmission against respiratory pathogens.

Graphical abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=166 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/565765v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gagne, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flynn, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrew, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flebbe, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mychalowych, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamb, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis-Gardner, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burnett, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serebryannyy, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pessaint, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Todd, J.-P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ziff, Z. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maule, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carroll, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naisan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jethmalani, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Case, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dmitriev, I. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kashentseva, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ying, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dodson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kouneski, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doria-Rose, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Dell, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godbole, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laboune, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henry, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marquez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teng, I.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wali, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zouantchangadou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Ry, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwong, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curiel, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foulds, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nason, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suthar, M</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.06.565765</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mucosal Adenoviral-vectored Vaccine Boosting Durably Prevents XBB.1.16 Infection in Nonhuman Primates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.06.565918v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Arousal as a universal embedding for spatiotemporal brain dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.06.565918v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neural activity in awake organisms shows widespread and spatiotemporally diverse correlations with behavioral and physiological measurements. We propose that this covariation reflects in part the dynamics of a unified, multidimensional arousal-related process that regulates brain-wide physiology on the timescale of seconds. By framing this interpretation within dynamical systems theory, we arrive at a surprising prediction: that a single, scalar measurement of arousal (e.g., pupil diameter) should suffice to reconstruct the continuous evolution of multidimensional, spatiotemporal measurements of large-scale brain physiology. To test this hypothesis, we perform multimodal, cortex-wide optical imaging and behavioral monitoring in awake mice. We demonstrate that spatiotemporal measurements of neuronal calcium, metabolism, and brain blood-oxygen can be accurately and parsimoniously modeled from a low-dimensional state-space reconstructed from the time history of pupil diameter. Extending this framework to behavioral and electrophysiological measurements from the Allen Brain Observatory, we demonstrate the ability to integrate diverse experimental data into a unified generative model via mappings from an intrinsic arousal manifold. Our results support the hypothesis that spontaneous, spatially structured fluctuations in brain-wide physiology--widely interpreted to reflect regionally-specific neural communication--are in large part reflections of an arousal-related process. This enriched view of arousal dynamics has broad implications for interpreting observations of brain, body, and behavior as measured across modalities, contexts, and scales.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Raut, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenthal, Z. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raichle, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bauer, A. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunton, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunton, B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kutz, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.06.565918</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Arousal as a universal embedding for spatiotemporal brain dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.07.566031v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Disuse-driven plasticity in the human thalamus and putamen 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.07.566031v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Motor adaptation in cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical loops has been studied mainly in animals using invasive electrophysiology. Here, we leverage functional neuroimaging in humans to study motor circuit plasticity in the human subcortex. We employed an experimental paradigm that combined two weeks of upper-extremity immobilization with daily resting-state and motor task fMRI before, during, and after the casting period. We previously showed that limb disuse leads to decreased functional connectivity (FC) of the contralateral somatomotor cortex (SM1) with the ipsilateral somatomotor cortex, increased FC with the cingulo-opercular network (CON) as well as the emergence of high amplitude, fMRI signal pulses localized in the contralateral SM1, supplementary motor area and the cerebellum. From our prior observations, it remains unclear whether the disuse plasticity affects the thalamus and striatum. We extended our analysis to include these subcortical regions and found that both exhibit strengthened cortical FC and spontaneous fMRI signal pulses induced by limb disuse. The dorsal posterior putamen and the central thalamus, mainly CM, VLP and VIM nuclei, showed disuse pulses and FC changes that lined up with fmri task activations from the Human connectome project motor system localizer, acquired before casting for each participant. Our findings provide a novel understanding of the role of the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical loops in human motor plasticity and a potential link with the physiology of sleep regulation. Additionally, similarities with FC observation from Parkinson Disease (PD) questions a pathophysiological link with limb disuse.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chauvin, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newbold, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nielsen, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krimmel, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metoki, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montez, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suljic, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baden, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez-Perez, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheidter, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monk, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whiting, F. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adeyemo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kay, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laumann, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dosenbach, N. U. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.07.566031</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Disuse-driven plasticity in the human thalamus and putamen]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.07.566103v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Murine Parainfluenza Virus Persists in Lung Innate Immune Cells Sustaining Chronic Lung Pathology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.07.566103v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Respiratory viruses including the human parainfluenza viruses (hPIVs) are a constant burden to human health, with morbidity and mortality frequently increased after the acute phase of the infection. Although is proven that respiratory viruses can persist in vitro, the mechanisms of virus or viral products persistence, their sources, and their impact on chronic respiratory diseases in vivo are unknown. Here, we used Sendai virus (SeV) to model hPIV infection in mice and test whether virus persistence associates with the development of chronic lung disease. Following SeV infection, virus products were detected in lung macrophages, type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and dendritic cells for several weeks after the infectious virus was cleared. Cells containing viral protein showed strong upregulation of antiviral and type 2 inflammation-related genes that associate with the development of chronic post-viral lung diseases, including asthma. Lineage tracing of infected cells or cells derived from infected cells suggests that distinct functional groups of cells contribute to the chronic pathology. Importantly, targeted ablation of infected cells or those derived from infected cells significantly ameliorated chronic lung disease. Overall, we identified persistent infection of innate immune cells as a critical factor in the progression from acute to chronic post viral respiratory disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Castro, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gnazzo, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Dyken, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.07.566103</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Murine Parainfluenza Virus Persists in Lung Innate Immune Cells Sustaining Chronic Lung Pathology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.07.566105v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrated multi-omics single cell atlas of the human retina 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.07.566105v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-cell sequencing has revolutionized the scale and resolution of molecular profiling of tissues and organs. Here, we present an integrated multimodal reference atlas of the most accessible portion of the mammalian central nervous system, the retina. We compiled around 2.4 million cells from 55 donors, including 1.4 million unpublished data points, to create a comprehensive human retina cell atlas (HRCA) of transcriptome and chromatin accessibility, unveiling over 110 types. Engaging the retina community, we annotated each cluster, refined the Cell Ontology for the retina, identified distinct marker genes, and characterized cis-regulatory elements and gene regulatory networks (GRNs) for these cell types. Our analysis uncovered intriguing differences in transcriptome, chromatin, and GRNs across cell types. In addition, we modeled changes in gene expression and chromatin openness across gender and age. This integrated atlas also enabled the fine-mapping of GWAS and eQTL variants. Accessible through interactive browsers, this multimodal cross-donor and cross-lab HRCA, can facilitate a better understanding of retinal function and pathology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibarra, I. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luecken, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monavarfeshani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colborn, S. L. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cortez, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Owen, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shekhar, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanes, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stout, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeAngelis, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Theis, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.07.566105</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrated multi-omics single cell atlas of the human retina]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.10.566524v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DLG1 functions upstream of SDCCAG3 and IFT20 to control targeting of polycystin-2 to the primary cilium 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.10.566524v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Polarized vesicular trafficking directs specific receptors and ion channels to cilia, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we describe a role for DLG1, a core component of the Scribble polarity complex, in regulating ciliary protein trafficking in kidney epithelial cells. Conditional knockout of Dlg1 in mouse kidney caused ciliary elongation and cystogenesis, and cell-based proximity labelling proteomics and fluorescence microscopy showed alterations in the ciliary proteome upon loss of DLG1. Specifically, the retromer-associated protein SDCCAG3, IFT20 and polycystin-2 (PC2) were reduced in cilia of DLG1 deficient cells compared to control cells. This phenotype was recapitulated in vivo and rescuable by re-expression of wildtype DLG1, but not a Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract (CAKUT)-associated DLG1 variant, p.T489R. Finally, biochemical approaches and Alpha Fold modelling suggested that SDCCAG3 and IFT20 form a complex that associates, at least indirectly, with DLG1. Our work identifies a key role for DLG1 in regulating ciliary protein composition and suggests that ciliary dysfunction of the p.T489R DLG1 variant may contribute to CAKUT.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rezi, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aslanyan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diwan, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chamlali, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Junger, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anvarian, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorentzen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pauly, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bahadori, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandes, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tosi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christensen, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pedersen, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stromgaard, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russell, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miner, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahjoub, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boldt, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roepman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pedersen, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.10.566524</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DLG1 functions upstream of SDCCAG3 and IFT20 to control targeting of polycystin-2 to the primary cilium]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.07.565473v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A high-density diffuse optical tomography dataset of naturalistic viewing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.07.565473v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Traditional laboratory tasks offer tight experimental control but lack the richness of our everyday human experience. As a result, many cognitive neuroscientists have been motivated to adopt experimental paradigms that are more natural, such as stories and movies. Here we describe data collected from 58 healthy adult participants (aged 18-76 years) who viewed 10 minutes of a movie (The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly, 1966). Most (36) participants viewed the clip more than once, resulting in 106 sessions of data. Cortical responses were mapped using high-density diffuse optical tomography (first-through fourth nearest neighbor separations of 1.3, 3.0, 3.9, and 4.7 cm), covering large portions of superficial occipital, temporal, parietal, and frontal lobes. Consistency of measured activity across subjects was quantified using intersubject correlation analysis. Data are provided in both channel format (SNIRF) and projected to standard space (NIfTI) using an atlas-based light model. These data are suitable for methods exploration as well as investigating a wide variety of cognitive phenomena.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sherafati, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bajracharya, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Speh, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munsi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-H. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fishell, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hershey, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eggebrecht, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Culver, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peelle, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.07.565473</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A high-density diffuse optical tomography dataset of naturalistic viewing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.07.566055v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SillyPutty: Improved clustering by optimizing the silhouette width 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.07.566055v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Unsupervised clustering is an important task in biomedical science. We developed a new clustering method, called SillyPutty, for unsupervised clustering. As test data, we generated a series of datasets using the Umpire R package. Using these datasets, we compared SillyPutty to several existing algorithms using multiple metrics (Silhouette Width, Adjusted Rand Index, Entropy, Normalized Within-group Sum of Square errors, and Perfect Classification Count). Our findings revealed that SillyPutty is a valid standalone clustering method, comparable in accuracy to the best existing methods. We also found that the combination of hierarchical clustering followed by SillyPutty has the best overall performance in terms of both accuracy and speed.

AvailabilityThe SillyPutty R package has been submitted to the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN). Code to perform and analyze the simulations described here can be found in a Git project hosted at https://gitlab.com/krcoombes/sillyputty.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bombina, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tally, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abrams, Z. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coombes, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.07.566055</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SillyPutty: Improved clustering by optimizing the silhouette width]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.10.566629v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional parcellation of the neonatal brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.10.566629v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cerebral cortex is organized into distinct but interconnected cortical areas, which can be defined by abrupt differences in patterns of resting state functional connectivity (FC) across the cortical surface. Such parcellations of the cortex have been derived in adults and older infants, but there is no widely used surface parcellation available for the neonatal brain. Here, we first demonstrate that adult- and older infant-derived parcels are a poor fit with neonatal data, emphasizing the need for neonatal-specific parcels. We next derive a set of 283 cortical surface parcels from a sample of n=261 neonates. These parcels have highly homogenous FC patterns and are validated using three external neonatal datasets. The Infomap algorithm is used to assign functional network identities to each parcel, and derived networks are consistent with prior work in neonates. The proposed parcellation may represent neonatal cortical areas and provides a powerful tool for neonatal neuroimaging studies.

HIGHLIGHTSO_LINeonatal cortical surface parcels derived based on abrupt changes in functional connectivity (FC) were highly homogenous and were validated in external neonatal datasets.
C_LIO_LIBorders between cortical parcels were smoother (less abrupt) in group-average neonatal data compared to adults, likely due to increased heterogeneity in boundary location across individual neonates.
C_LIO_LIParcels derived from adults and older infants show poor fit with neonatal resting-state FC data, underscoring the need for a neonatal-specific parcellation.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Myers, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Labonte, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laumann, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wheelock, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nielsen, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwarzlose, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camacho, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warner, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raghuraman, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luby, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barch, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fair, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petersen, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smyser, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sylvester, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.10.566629</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional parcellation of the neonatal brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.08.566236v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metabolic Regulation of Single Synaptic Vesicle Exo- and Endocytosis in Hippocampal Synapses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.08.566236v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glucose has long been considered a primary source of energy for synaptic function. However, it remains unclear under what conditions alternative fuels, such as lactate/pyruvate, contribute to powering synaptic transmission. By detecting individual release events in cultured hippocampal synapses, we found that mitochondrial ATP production from oxidation of lactate/pyruvate regulates basal vesicle release probability and release location within the active zone (AZ) evoked by single action potentials (APs). Mitochondrial inhibition shifted vesicle release closer to the AZ center, suggesting that the energetic barrier for vesicle release is lower in the AZ center that the periphery. Mitochondrial inhibition also altered the efficiency of single AP evoked vesicle retrieval by increasing occurrence of ultrafast endocytosis, while inhibition of glycolysis had no effect. Mitochondria are sparsely distributed along hippocampal axons and we found that nerve terminals containing mitochondria displayed enhanced vesicle release and reuptake during high-frequency trains, irrespective of whether neurons were supplied with glucose or lactate. Thus, synaptic terminals can entirely bypass glycolysis to robustly maintain the vesicle cycle using oxidative fuels in the absence of glucose. These observations further suggest that mitochondrial metabolic function not only regulates several fundamental features of synaptic transmission but may also contribute to modulation of short-term synaptic plasticity.

HighlightsO_LISynapses can sustain neurotransmission across various activity levels by bypassing glycolysis and utilizing oxidative fuels.
C_LIO_LIMitochondria, but not glycolysis, regulate release probability and nanoscale organization of vesicle release within the active zone.
C_LIO_LIMitochondrial inhibition increases the occurrence of vesicle retrieval via ultra-fast endocytosis.
C_LIO_LIMitochondrial localization in nerve terminals enhances vesicle release and retrieval in the absence of glucose, representing a form of synaptic plasticity.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Myeong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stunault, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klyachko, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashrafi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.08.566236</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metabolic Regulation of Single Synaptic Vesicle Exo- and Endocytosis in Hippocampal Synapses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.10.566497v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single Nucleus RNA Sequencing of Remnant Kidney Biopsies and Urine Cell RNA Sequencing Reveal Cell Specific Markers of Covid-19 Acute Kidney Injury 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.10.566497v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Acute kidney injury (AKI) in COVID-19 patients is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Critically ill COVID-19 patients are at twice the risk of in-hospital mortality compared to non-COVID AKI patients. We know little about the cell-specific mechanism in the kidney that contributes to worse clinical outcomes in these patients. New generation single cell technologies have the potential to provide insights into physiological states and molecular mechanisms in COVID-AKI. One of the key limitations is that these patients are severely ill posing significant risks in procuring additional biopsy tissue. We recently generated single nucleus RNA-sequencing data using COVID-AKI patient biopsy tissue as part of the human kidney atlas. Here we describe this approach in detail and report deeper comparative analysis of snRNAseq of 4 COVID-AKI, 4 reference, and 6 non-COVID-AKI biopsies. We also generated and analyzed urine transcriptomics data to find overlapping COVID-AKI-enriched genes and their corresponding cell types in the kidney from snRNA-seq data. We identified all major and minor cell types and states by using by using less than a few cubic millimeters of leftover tissue after pathological workup in our approach. Differential expression analysis of COVID-AKI biopsies showed pathways enriched in viral response, WNT signaling, kidney development, and cytokines in several nephron epithelial cells. COVID-AKI profiles showed a much higher proportion of altered TAL cells than non-COVID AKI and the reference samples. In addition to kidney injury and fibrosis markers indicating robust remodeling we found that, 17 genes overlap between urine cell COVID-AKI transcriptome and the snRNA-seq data from COVID-AKI biopsies. A key feature was that several of the distal nephron and collecting system cell types express these markers. Some of these markers have been previously observed in COVID-19 studies suggesting a common mechanism of injury and potentially the kidney as one of the sources of soluble factors with a potential role in disease progression.

Translational StatementThe manuscript describes innovation, application and discovery that impact clinical care in kidney disease. First, the approach to maximize use of remnant frozen clinical biopsies to inform on clinically relevant molecular features can augment existing pathological workflow for any frozen tissue without much change in the protocol. Second, this approach is transformational in medical crises such as pandemics where mechanistic insights are needed to evaluate organ injury, targets for drug therapy and diagnostic and prognostic markers. Third, the cell type specific and soluble markers identified and validated can be used for diagnoses or prognoses in AKI due to different etiologies and in multiorgan injury.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ghag, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaushal, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nwanne, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knoten, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiryluk, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenberg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagnasco, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sperati, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atta, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaut, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El-Achkar, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arend, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parikh, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.10.566497</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single Nucleus RNA Sequencing of Remnant Kidney Biopsies and Urine Cell RNA Sequencing Reveal Cell Specific Markers of Covid-19 Acute Kidney Injury]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.08.566262v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Behavioral adaptation to changing energy constraints via altered frequency of movement selection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.08.566262v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Animal behavior is strongly constrained by energy consumption. A natural manipulation which provides insight into this constraint is development, where an animal must adapt its movement to a changing energy landscape as its body grows. Unlike many other animals, for fish it is relatively easy to estimate the energy consumed by their movements via fluid mechanics. Here we simulated the fluid mechanics of >100,000 experimentally-recorded movement bouts from larval zebrafish across different ages and fluid conditions as they hunted Paramecia. We find that these fish adapt to their changing relationship with the fluid environment as they grow by adjusting the frequency with which they select different types of movements, so that more expensive movements are chosen less often. This strategy was preserved when fish were raised in an unnaturally viscous environment. This work suggests a general principle by which animals could minimize energy consumption in the face of changing energy costs over development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Darveniza, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pujic, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levendosky, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agarwal, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCullough, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodhill, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.08.566262</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Behavioral adaptation to changing energy constraints via altered frequency of movement selection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.11.566441v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Restoration of Cone Circuit Functionality in the Regenerating Adult Zebrafish Retina 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.11.566441v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Unlike humans, teleosts like zebrafish exhibit robust retinal regeneration after injury from endogenous stem cells. However, understanding the functional recovery of the regenerated retina remains a challenge. In particular, it is unclear if regenerating cone-photoreceptors can regain physiological function and integrate correctly into post-synaptic circuits. To bridge this gap, we employed two-photon calcium imaging of living retina, focusing on photoreceptor responses before and after an intense light-induced lesion in the adult zebrafish retina. To assess the functional recovery of cones and their downstream circuits, we exploited the colour opponency in adult zebrafish cones. We find that UV cones exhibit an intrinsic Off-response to short-wavelength blue light, but an On-response to longer-wavelength green light, which depends on feedback signals from outer retinal circuits. Accordingly, we examined the presence and quality of Off-versus On-responses, to assess the functional recovery of cones and their correct integration into outer retinal circuits. We find that regenerated UV cones regain both Off-responses to short-wavelength and On-responses to long-wavelength within 3 months after light lesion. Hence, physiological circuit functionality is restored in regenerated cone photoreceptors, suggesting that inducing endogenous regeneration is a promising strategy for human retinal repair.

Graphical abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=179 SRC="FIGDIR/small/566441v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (36K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@c9f038org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1ba255borg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1ea7f60org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@50adf3_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Abraham, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartmann, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoshimatsu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baden, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brand, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.11.566441</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Restoration of Cone Circuit Functionality in the Regenerating Adult Zebrafish Retina]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.15.567188v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural and functional basis of VLDLR receptor usage by Eastern equine encephalitis virus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.15.567188v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) is comprised of eight LDLR type A (LA) domains and supports entry of distantly related Eastern equine encephalitis (EEEV) and Semliki Forest (SFV) alphaviruses. Here, by resolving multiple cryo-electron microscopy structures of EEEV-VLDLR complexes and performing mutagenesis and functional studies, we show that EEEV uses multiple sites (E1/E2 cleft and E2 A domain) to engage different LA domains simultaneously. However, no single LA domain is necessary or sufficient to support efficient EEEV infection, highlighting complexity in domain usage. Whereas all EEEV strains show conservation of two VLDLR binding sites, the EEEV PE-6 strain and other EEE complex members feature a single amino acid substitution that mediates binding of LA domains to an additional site on the E2 B domain. These structural and functional analyses informed the design of a minimal VLDLR decoy receptor that neutralizes EEEV infection and protects mice from lethal challenge.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Adams, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raju, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilliland, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reed, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klimstra, W. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fremont, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamond, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.15.567188</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural and functional basis of VLDLR receptor usage by Eastern equine encephalitis virus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.13.566924v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evaluation of gelatin bloom strength on gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel properties 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.13.566924v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels are widely used for a variety of tissue engineering applications. The properties of gelatin can affect the mechanical properties of gelatin gels; however, the role of gelatin properties such as bloom strength on GelMA hydrogels has not yet been explored. Bloom strength is a food industry standard for describing the quality of gelatin, where higher bloom strength is associated with higher gelatin molecular weight. Here, we evaluate the role of bloom strength on GelMA hydrogel mechanical properties. We determined that both bloom strength of gelatin and weight percent of GelMA influenced both stiffness and viscoelastic ratio; however, only bloom strength affected diffusivity, permeability, and pore size. With this library of GelMA hydrogels of varying properties, we then encapsulated Swan71 trophoblast spheroids in these hydrogel variants to assess how bloom strength affects trophoblast spheroid morphology. Overall, we observed a decreasing trend of spheroid area and Feret diameter as bloom strength increased. In identifying clear relationships between bloom strength, hydrogel mechanical properties, and trophoblast spheroid morphology, we demonstrate that bloom strength should considered when designing tissue engineered constructs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zambuto, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolluru, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferchichi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rudewick, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fodera, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myers, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zustiak, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oyen, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.13.566924</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evaluation of gelatin bloom strength on gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel properties]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.14.567041v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Perigestational Opioid Exposure Alters Alcohol-Driven Reward Behaviors in Adolescent Rats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.14.567041v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Every fifteen minutes, a baby is born in the U.S. experiencing neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS). Since 2004, the rate of NOWS has increased 7-fold. Clinical studies have established intrauterine exposure to drugs of abuse as a risk factor for adverse health outcomes in adult life, including the propensity for future illicit drug use. Despite extensive knowledge about common mechanisms of action in the neural circuitry that drives opioid and alcohol reward, there is little data on the risks that those born with NOWS face regarding alcohol use later in life. Here, we investigate the impact of perigestational opioid exposure (POE) on the mesolimbic reward system of male and female Sprague Dawley rats at postnatal and adolescent ages. Our laboratory has developed a clinically relevant model for morphine exposure spanning pre-conception to the first week of life. Using this model, we found that POE increased alcohol consumption in female rats under noncontingent conditions, and inversely, reduced alcohol consumption in both male and female rats during operant conditioning sessions. Operant responding was also reduced for sucrose, suggesting that the impact of POE on reward-seeking behaviors is not limited to drugs of abuse. Expression of {micro}-opioid receptors was also significantly altered in the nucleus accumbens and medial habenula, regions previously shown to play a significant role in reward/aversion circuitry.

Significance StatementEarly life exposure to opioids is known to alter future drug behavior in rats. In the present study, female rats exposed to morphine via their mothers throughout and after pregnancy exhibited increased alcohol consumption when allowed to consume freely. During operant conditioning, however, male and female rats exposed to gestational morphine decreased consumption of alcohol as well as sucrose. We also observed that gestational morphine exposure altered {micro}-opioid receptor expression in reward-related brain regions. Our study provides the first evidence of changes in alcohol-directed reward behavior in a gestational opioid exposure rat model.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Searles, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harder, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vogt, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, A. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.14.567041</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Perigestational Opioid Exposure Alters Alcohol-Driven Reward Behaviors in Adolescent Rats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.14.567088v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Precision data-driven modeling of cortical dynamics reveals idiosyncratic mechanisms of canonical oscillations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.14.567088v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Task-free brain activity affords unique insight into the functional structure of brain network dynamics and is a strong marker of individual differences. In this work, we present an algorithmic optimization framework that makes it possible to directly invert and parameterize brain-wide dynamical-systems models involving hundreds of interacting brain areas, from single-subject time-series recordings. This technique provides a powerful neurocomputational tool for interrogating mechanisms underlying individual brain dynamics ("precision brain models") and making quantitative predictions. We extensively validate the models performance in forecasting future brain activity and predicting individual variability in key M/EEG markers. Lastly, we demonstrate the power of our technique in resolving individual differences in the generation of alpha and beta-frequency oscillations. We characterize subjects based upon model attractor topology and a dynamical-systems mechanism by which these topologies generate individual variation in the expression of alpha vs. beta rhythms. We trace these phenomena back to global variation in excitation-inhibition balance, highlighting the explanatory power of our framework in generating mechanistic insights.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Singh, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braver, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cole, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ching, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.14.567088</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Precision data-driven modeling of cortical dynamics reveals idiosyncratic mechanisms of canonical oscillations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.16.567449v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Toxoplasma gondii harbors a hypoxia-responsive coproporphyrinogen dehydrogenase-like protein. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.16.567449v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Toxoplasma gondii is an apicomplexan parasite that is the cause of toxoplasmosis, a potentially lethal disease for immunocompromised individuals. During in vivo infection, the parasites encounter various growth environments, such as hypoxia. Therefore, the metabolic enzymes in the parasites must adapt to such changes to fulfill their nutritional requirements. Toxoplasma can de novo biosynthesize some nutrients, such as heme. The parasites heavily rely on their own heme production for intracellular survival. Notably, the antepenultimate step within this pathway is facilitated by coproporphyrinogen III oxidase (CPOX), which employs oxygen to convert coproporphyrinogen III to protoporphyrinogen IX through oxidative decarboxylation. Conversely, some bacteria can accomplish this conversion independently of oxygen through coproporphyrinogen dehydrogenase (CPDH). Genome analysis found a CPDH ortholog in Toxoplasma. The mutant Toxoplasma lacking CPOX displays significantly reduced growth, implying that TgCPDH potentially functions as an alternative enzyme to perform the same reaction as CPOX under low oxygen conditions. In this study, we demonstrated that TgCPDH exhibits coproporphyrinogen dehydrogenase activity by complementing it in a heme synthesis-deficient Salmonella mutant. Additionally, we observed an increase in TgCPDH expression in Toxoplasma when it grew under hypoxic conditions. However, deleting TgCPDH in both wildtype and heme-deficient parasites did not alter their intracellular growth under both ambient and low oxygen conditions. This research marks the first report of a coproporphyrinogen dehydrogenase-like protein in eukaryotic cells. Although TgCPDH responds to hypoxic conditions and possesses enzymatic activity, our findings suggest that it does not directly affect intracellular infection or the pathogenesis of Toxoplasma parasites.

IMPORTANCEToxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous parasite capable of infecting a wide range of warm-blooded hosts, including humans. During its lifecycle, these parasites must adapt to varying environmental conditions, including situations with low oxygen levels. Our research, in conjunction with studies conducted by other laboratories, has revealed that Toxoplasma primarily relies on its own heme production during acute infections. Intriguingly, in addition to this classical heme biosynthetic pathway, the parasites encode a putative oxygen-independent coproporphyrinogen dehydrogenase, suggesting its potential contribution to heme production under varying oxygen conditions, a feature typically observed in simpler organisms like bacteria. Notably, so far, coproporphyrinogen dehydrogenase has only been identified in some bacteria for heme biosynthesis. Our study discovered that Toxoplasma harbors a functional enzyme displaying coproporphyrinogen dehydrogenase activity, which alters its expression in the parasites when they face fluctuating oxygen levels in their surroundings.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Key, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baptista, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergmann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Floyd, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blader, I. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.16.567449</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Toxoplasma gondii harbors a hypoxia-responsive coproporphyrinogen dehydrogenase-like protein.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.15.567281v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative and Integrative Single Cell Analysis Reveals New Insights into the Transcriptional Immaturity of Stem Cell-Derived β Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.15.567281v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diabetes cell replacement therapy has the potential to be transformed by human pluripotent stem cell-derived {beta} cells (SC-{beta} cells). However, the precise identity of SC-{beta} cells in relationship to primary fetal and adult {beta}-cells remains unclear. Here, we used single-cell sequencing datasets to characterize the transcriptional identity of islets from in vitro differentiation, fetal islets, and adult islets. Our analysis revealed that SC-{beta} cells share a core {beta}-cell transcriptional identity with human adult and fetal {beta}-cells, however SC-{beta} cells possess a unique transcriptional profile characterized by the persistent expression and activation of progenitor and neural-biased gene networks. These networks are present in SC-{beta} cells, irrespective of the derivation protocol used. Notably, fetal {beta}-cells also exhibit this neural signature at the transcriptional level. Our findings offer insights into the transcriptional identity of SC-{beta} cells and underscore the need for further investigation of the role of neural transcriptional networks in their development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ishahak, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Augsornworawat, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Millman, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.15.567281</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative and Integrative Single Cell Analysis Reveals New Insights into the Transcriptional Immaturity of Stem Cell-Derived β Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.16.567274v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Macrophage Depletion Protects Against Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity and Nephrotoxicity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.16.567274v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cisplatin is a widely used and highly effective anti-cancer drug with significant side effects including ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Macrophages, the major resident immune cells in the cochlea and kidney, are important drivers of both inflammatory and tissue repair responses. To investigate the roles of macrophages in cisplatin-induced ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity, we used PLX3397, an FDA-approved inhibitor of the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), to eliminate tissue-resident macrophages during the course of cisplatin administration. Mice treated with cisplatin alone (cisplatin/vehicle) had significant hearing loss (ototoxicity) as well as kidney injury (nephrotoxicity). Macrophage ablation using PLX3397 resulted in significantly reduced hearing loss measured by auditory brainstem responses (ABR) and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE). Sensory hair cells in the cochlea were protected against cisplatin-induced death in mice treated with PLX3397. Macrophage ablation also protected against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, as evidenced by markedly reduced tubular injury and fibrosis as well as reduced plasma blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels. Mechanistically, our data suggest that the protective effect of macrophage ablation against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity is mediated by reduced platinum accumulation in both the inner ear and the kidney. Together our data indicate that ablation of tissue-resident macrophages represents a novel strategy for mitigating cisplatin-induced ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity.

Brief summaryMacrophage ablation using PLX3397 was protective against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity by limiting platinum accumulation in the inner ear and kidney.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sung, C. Y. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayase, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuen, P. S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Star, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warchol, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cunningham, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.16.567274</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Macrophage Depletion Protects Against Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity and Nephrotoxicity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.16.567428v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome of the North American wild apple species Malus angustifolia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.16.567428v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) production faces many challenges stemming from abiotic and biotic stresses. Abiotic stressors, such as extreme temperatures, droughts, and spring frosts, can lead to diminished yields and tree loss, while biotic stresses like fire blight and pest infestations further reduce tree health and fruit quality. To lessen the threat of these challenges, plant breeders aim to introduce resistance and resilience genes into cultivated varieties. However, high-relatedness among cultivated varieties and breeding lines, coupled with the long juvenility and generation times in apples, hinder the breeding process. The introduction of resistance traits from wild relatives is also constrained by these factors, as well as the lack of genomic resources that could assist in accelerating the introgression process. Herein, we report the assembly and annotation of Malus angustifolia, the Southern Crabapple, one of Eastern North Americas native species. Using a combination of Pacific Biosciences High Fidelity reads, Next-generation short read sequencing, as well as chromatin conformation capture sequencing, we achieve an extremely contiguous haplotype-resolved assembly. We perform comparative haplotypic analyses to identify SNPs and large structural variants, shedding light on the genomic landscape of M. angustifolia. Finally, we explore the phylogenetic and syntenic relationships between Eurasian Malus progenitors and the recently sequenced North American species, contributing valuable insights to the broader understanding of apple evolution and potential breeding strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mansfeld, B. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burchard, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yocca, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harkess, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Nocker, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gottschalk, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.16.567428</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome of the North American wild apple species Malus angustifolia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.21.568149v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
One-Hour Phosphoproteome Analysis with the Orbitrap Astral Mass Spectrometer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.21.568149v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Owing to its roles in cellular signal transduction, protein phosphorylation plays critical roles in myriad cell processes. That said, detecting and quantifying protein phosphorylation has remained a challenge. We describe the use of a novel mass spectrometer (Orbitrap Astral) coupled with data-independent acquisition (DIA) to achieve rapid and deep analysis of human and mouse phosphoproteomes. With this method we map approximately 30,000 unique human phosphorylation sites within a half-hour of data collection. The technology was benchmarked to other state-of-the-art MS platforms using both synthetic peptide standards and with EGF-stimulated HeLa cells. We applied this approach to generate a phosphoproteome multi-tissue atlas of the mouse. Altogether, we detected 81,120 unique phosphorylation sites within 12 hours of measurement. With this unique dataset, we examine the sequence, structural, and kinase specificity context of protein phosphorylation. Finally, we highlight the discovery potential of this resource with multiple examples of novel phosphorylation events relevant to mitochondrial and brain biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lancaster, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sinitcyn, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forny, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters-Clarke, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fecher, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shishkova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arrey, T. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pashkova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arp, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galmozzi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serrano, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westphall, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hock, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Damoc, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pagliarini, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zabrouskov, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coon, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.21.568149</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[One-Hour Phosphoproteome Analysis with the Orbitrap Astral Mass Spectrometer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.21.568195v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Giant genes are rare but implicated in cell wall degradation by predatory bacteria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.21.568195v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Across the tree of life, gene lengths vary, but most are no more than a few thousand base pairs in length. The largest protein often reported is the [~]40,000 aa eukaryotic Titin. Even larger proteins may occur in the rapidly expanding set of metagenome-derived sequences, but their existence may be obscured by assembly fragmentation. Here, we leverage genome curation to complete metagenome-derived sequences that encode predicted proteins of up to 85,804 aa. Overall, the findings illuminate a huge knowledge gap related to giant proteins. Although predicted proteins of >30,000 aa occur in bacterial phyla such as Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, they are most common in ca. Omnitrophota, ultra small bacteria that adopt predatory lifestyles. All full length giant genes encode numerous transmembrane regions and most encode divergent secA DEAD helicase domains. In silico structural prediction of protein subregions was required to identify domains in unannotated protein segments, and revealed putative domains implicated in attachment and carbohydrate degradation. Many giant genes in new complete and near-complete Omnitrophota genomes occur in close proximity to genes homologous to type II secretion systems as well as carbohydrate import systems. This, in combination with the domain content, suggests that many bacterial giant proteins enable prey adhesion and cell wall digestion during bacterial predation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>West-Roberts, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valentin Alvarado, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mullen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sachdeva, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hug, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gregoire, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, T.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Husain, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amano, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ly, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banfield, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.21.568195</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Giant genes are rare but implicated in cell wall degradation by predatory bacteria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.22.567930v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Durable immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in both lower and upper airways achieved with a gorilla adenovirus (GRAd) S-2P vaccine in non-human primates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.22.567930v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 continues to pose a global threat, and current vaccines, while effective against severe illness, fall short in preventing transmission. To address this challenge, theres a need for vaccines that induce mucosal immunity and can rapidly control the virus. In this study, we demonstrate that a single immunization with a novel gorilla adenovirus-based vaccine (GRAd) carrying the pre-fusion stabilized Spike protein (S-2P) in non-human primates provided protective immunity for over one year against the BA.5 variant of SARS-CoV-2. A prime-boost regimen using GRAd followed by adjuvanted S-2P (GRAd+S-2P) accelerated viral clearance in both the lower and upper airways. GRAd delivered via aerosol (GRAd(AE)+S-2P) modestly improved protection compared to its matched intramuscular regimen, but showed dramatically superior boosting by mRNA and, importantly, total virus clearance in the upper airway by day 4 post infection. GrAd vaccination regimens elicited robust and durable systemic and mucosal antibody responses to multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants, but only GRAd(AE)+S-2P generated long-lasting T cell responses in the lung. This research underscores the flexibility of the GRAd vaccine platform to provide durable immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in both the lower and upper airways.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moliva, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrew, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flynn, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foulds, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gagne, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flebbe, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamb, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Provost, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marquez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mychalowych, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorag, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Honeycutt, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burnett, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCormick, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henry, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godbole, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis-Gardner, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minai, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bok, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagata, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Todd, J.-P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCarthy, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dodson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kouneski, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pessaint, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Ry, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valentin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Littman, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boon, A. C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suthar, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alves, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodward, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leuzzi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vitelli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colloca, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Folgori, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raggiolli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Capone, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nason</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.22.567930</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Durable immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in both lower and upper airways achieved with a gorilla adenovirus (GRAd) S-2P vaccine in non-human primates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.22.568290v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GDF15 mediates inflammation-associated bone loss through a brain-bone axis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.22.568290v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metabolic mediators play an important role in regulating chronic inflammation in the body. Here we report an unexpected role for GDF15 (Growth Differentiation Factor 15), a central mediator of food intake, in inflammation-associated bone loss. GDF15 serum levels were found to be elevated in arthritis patients and inversely correlated with bone density. Despite being associated with inflammation, we found that GDF15 itself does not cause, nor contribute to, clinical or histopathological arthritis. Rather, under inflammatory conditions, GDF15 mediates trabecular bone loss through its receptor GFRAL, which is exclusively expressed in the hindbrain. GDF15-GFRAL binding results in {beta}-adrenergic activation of MALPs (Marrow Adipocytic Lineage Precursors) in the bone marrow, which stimulate osteoclasts and trigger bone loss. These data suggest a metabolic mediator-controlled brain-bone axis in inflammation, through which bone loss is induced in a contextual rather than general manner. These findings may lead to more specific therapeutic interventions to protect bone.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Van der Cruyssen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heggli, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burri, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaublomme, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Josipovic, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dumas, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vlieghe, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raimondo, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zakharov, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacques, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Mits, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lukasik, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vuylsteke, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renson, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schots, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Planckaert, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stappers, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Decruy, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coudenys, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manuello, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vereecke, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dmitriev, R. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lambrecht, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Hoorebeke, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lambert, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravichandran, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramming, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dudli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schett, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gracey, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elewaut, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.22.568290</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GDF15 mediates inflammation-associated bone loss through a brain-bone axis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.27.566650v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identifying Naturalistic Movies from Human Brain Activity with High-Density Diffuse Optical Tomography 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.27.566650v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Modern neuroimaging modalities, particularly functional MRI (fMRI), can decode detailed human experiences. Thousands of viewed images can be identified or classified, and sentences can be reconstructed. Decoding paradigms often leverage encoding models that reduce the stimulus space into a smaller yet generalizable feature set. However, the neuroimaging devices used for detailed decoding are non-portable, like fMRI, or invasive, like electrocorticography, excluding application in naturalistic use. Wearable, non-invasive, but lower-resolution devices such as electroencephalography and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) have been limited to decoding between stimuli used during training. Herein we develop and evaluate model-based decoding with high-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT), a higher-resolution expansion of fNIRS with demonstrated promise as a surrogate for fMRI. Using a motion energy model of visual content, we decoded the identities of novel movie clips outside the training set with accuracy far above chance for single-trial decoding. Decoding was robust to modulations of testing time window, different training and test imaging sessions, hemodynamic contrast, and optode array density. Our results suggest that HD-DOT can translate detailed decoding into naturalistic use.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Markow, Z. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tripathy, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Svoboda, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schroeder, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rafferty, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richter, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eggebrecht, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anastasio, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chevillet, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mugler, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naufel, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trobaugh, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Culver, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.27.566650</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identifying Naturalistic Movies from Human Brain Activity with High-Density Diffuse Optical Tomography]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.28.567931v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
H3K27me3 spreading organizes canonical PRC1 chromatin architecture to regulate developmental programs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.28.567931v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2)-mediated histone H3K27 tri-methylation (H3K27me3) recruits canonical PRC1 (cPRC1) to maintain heterochromatin. In early development, polycomb-regulated genes are connected through long-range 3D interactions which resolve upon differentiation. Here, we report that polycomb looping is controlled by H3K27me3 spreading and regulates target gene silencing and cell fate specification. Using glioma-derived H3 Lys-27-Met (H3K27M) mutations as tools to restrict H3K27me3 deposition, we show that H3K27me3 confinement concentrates the chromatin pool of cPRC1, resulting in heightened 3D interactions mirroring chromatin architecture of pluripotency, and stringent gene repression that maintains cells in progenitor states to facilitate tumor development. Conversely, H3K27me3 spread in pluripotent stem cells, following neural differentiation or loss of the H3K36 methyltransferase NSD1, dilutes cPRC1 concentration and dissolves polycomb loops. These results identify the regulatory principles and disease implications of polycomb looping and nominate histone modification-guided distribution of reader complexes as an important mechanism for nuclear compartment organization.

Highlights{square} The confinement of H3K27me3 at PRC2 nucleation sites without its spreading correlates with increased 3D chromatin interactions.
{square}The H3K27M oncohistone concentrates canonical PRC1 that anchors chromatin loop interactions in gliomas, silencing developmental programs.
{square}Stem and progenitor cells require factors promoting H3K27me3 confinement, including H3K36me2, to maintain cPRC1 loop architecture.
{square}The cPRC1-H3K27me3 interaction is a targetable driver of aberrant self-renewal in tumor cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Krug, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ptack, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gretarsson, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deshmukh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kabir, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faria Andrade, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jabbour, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harutyunyan, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hulswit, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faury, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnston, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baguette, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dahl, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weil, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellezam, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dali, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanchette, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soni, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleinman, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Majewski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jabado, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.28.567931</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[H3K27me3 spreading organizes canonical PRC1 chromatin architecture to regulate developmental programs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.28.568885v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A biodegradable "one-for-all" nanoparticle for multimodality imaging and enhanced photothermal treatment of breast cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.28.568885v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Silver sulfide nanoparticles (Ag2S-NP) have been proposed for various optical-based biomedical applications, such as near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging, photoacoustics (PA) and photothermal therapy (PTT). However, their absorbance is relatively low in the NIR window used in these applications, and previous formulations were synthesized using toxic precursors under harsh conditions and have clearance issues due to their large size. Herein, we synthesized sub-5 nm Ag2S-NP and encapsulated them in biodegradable, polymeric nanoparticles (AgPCPP). All syntheses were conducted using biocompatible reagents in the aqueous phase and under ambient conditions. We found that the encapsulation of Ag2S-NP in polymeric nanospheres greatly increases their NIR absorbance, resulting in enhanced optical imaging and photothermal heating effects. We therefore found that AgPCPP have potent contrast properties for PA and NIRF imaging, as well as for computed tomography (CT). We demonstrated the applicability of AgPCPP nanoparticles as a multimodal imaging probe that readily improves the conspicuity of breast tumors in vivo. PTT was performed using AgPCPP with NIR laser irradiation, which led to significant reduction in breast tumor growth and prolonged survival compared to free Ag2S-NP. Lastly, we observed a gradual decrease in AgPCPP retention in tissues over time with no signs of acute toxicity, thus providing strong evidence of safety and biodegradability. Therefore, AgPCPP may serve as a "one-for-all" theranostic agent that degrades into small components for excretion once the diagnostic and therapeutic tasks are fulfilled, thus providing good prospects for translation to clinical use.

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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hsu, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barragan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tward, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hajfathalian, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amirshaghaghi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mossburg, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosario-Berrios, D. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouche, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrianov, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delikatny, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cormode, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.28.568885</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A biodegradable "one-for-all" nanoparticle for multimodality imaging and enhanced photothermal treatment of breast cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.28.568952v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The SMC5/6 complex is required for maintenance of genome integrity upon APOBEC3A-mediated replication stress 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.28.568952v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mutational patterns caused by APOBEC3 cytidine deaminase activity are evident throughout human cancer genomes. In particular, the APOBEC3A family member is a potent genotoxin that causes substantial DNA damage in experimental systems and human tumors. However, the mechanisms that ensure genome stability in cells with active APOBEC3A are unknown. Through an unbiased genome-wide screen, we define the Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes 5/6 (SMC5/6) complex as essential for cell viability when APOBEC3A is active. We observe an absence of APOBEC3A mutagenesis in human tumors with SMC5/6 dysfunction, consistent with synthetic lethality. Cancer cells depleted of SMC5/6 incur substantial genome damage from APOBEC3A activity during DNA replication. Further, APOBEC3A activity results in replication tract lengthening which is dependent on PrimPol, consistent with re-initiation of DNA synthesis downstream of APOBEC3A-induced lesions. Loss of SMC5/6 abrogates elongated replication tracts and increases DNA breaks upon APOBEC3A activity. Our findings indicate that replication fork lengthening reflects a DNA damage response to APOBEC3A activity that promotes genome stability in an SMC5/6-dependent manner. Therefore, SMC5/6 presents a potential therapeutic vulnerability in tumors with active APOBEC3A.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>O'Leary, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fingerman, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayer, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeWeerd, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tennekoon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meroni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szeto, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weitzman, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bednarski, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shalem, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vindigni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.28.568952</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The SMC5/6 complex is required for maintenance of genome integrity upon APOBEC3A-mediated replication stress]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.28.568744v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Framewise multi-echo distortion correction for superior functional MRI 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.28.568744v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Functional MRI (fMRI) data are severely distorted by magnetic field (B0) inhomogeneities which currently must be corrected using separately acquired field map data. However, changes in the head position of a scanning participant across fMRI frames can cause changes in the B0 field, preventing accurate correction of geometric distortions. Additionally, field maps can be corrupted by movement during their acquisition, preventing distortion correction altogether. In this study, we use phase information from multi-echo (ME) fMRI data to dynamically sample distortion due to fluctuating B0 field inhomogeneity across frames by acquiring multiple echoes during a single EPI readout. Our distortion correction approach, MEDIC (Multi-Echo DIstortion Correction), accurately estimates B0 related distortions for each frame of multi-echo fMRI data. Here, we demonstrate that MEDICs framewise distortion correction produces improved alignment to anatomy and decreases the impact of head motion on resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) maps, in higher motion data, when compared to the prior gold standard approach (i.e., TOPUP). Enhanced framewise distortion correction with MEDIC, without the requirement for field map collection, furthers the advantage of multi-echo over single-echo fMRI.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Van, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montez, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laumann, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suljic, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madison, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baden, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez-Perez, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheidter, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monk, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whiting, F. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adeyemo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chauvin, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krimmel, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metoki, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajesh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roland, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weldon, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sotiras, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shimony, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kay, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tervo-Clemmens, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marek, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vizioli, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yacoub, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satterthwaite, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fair, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tisdall, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dosenbach, N. U. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.28.568744</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Framewise multi-echo distortion correction for superior functional MRI]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.28.569043v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
(R,S)-ketamine's rapid-acting antidepressant effects are modulated by NR2B- containing NMDA receptors on adult-born hippocampal neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.28.569043v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Standard antidepressant treatments often take weeks to reach efficacy and are ineffective for many patients. (R,S)-ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, has been shown to be a rapid-acting antidepressant and to decrease depressive symptoms within hours of administration. While previous studies have shown the importance of the NR2B subunit of the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) on interneurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), no study has investigated the influence of NR2B-expressing adult-born granule cells (abGCs). In this study, we examined whether (R,S)-ketamines efficacy depends upon these adult-born hippocampal neurons using a genetic strategy to selectively ablate the NR2B subunit of the NMDAR from Nestin+ cells. To validate our findings, we also used several other transgenic lines including one in which NR2B was deleted from an interneuron (Parvalbumin (PV)+) population. We report that in male mice, NR2B expression on 6-week-old adult-born neurons is necessary for (R,S)-ketamines effects on behavioral despair in the forced swim test (FST) and on hyponeophagia in the novelty suppressed feeding (NSF) paradigm, as well on fear behavior following contextual fear conditioning (CFC). In female mice, NR2B expression is necessary for effects on hyponeophagia in the NSF. We also find that ablating neurogenesis increases fear expression in CFC, which is buffered by (R,S)-ketamine administration. In line with previous studies, these results suggest that 6-week-old adult-born hippocampal neurons expressing NR2B partially modulate (R,S)-ketamines rapid-acting effects. Future work targeting these 6-week-old adult-born neurons may prove beneficial for increasing the efficacy of (R,S)-ketamines antidepressant actions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bulthuis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGowan, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ladner, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LaGamma, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shubeck, C. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brachman, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sydnor, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pavlova, I. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seo, D.-o.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drew, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Denny, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.28.569043</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[(R,S)-ketamine's rapid-acting antidepressant effects are modulated by NR2B- containing NMDA receptors on adult-born hippocampal neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.28.569066v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Morphometrics and phylogenomics of coca (Erythroxylum spp.) illuminate its reticulate evolution, with implications for taxonomy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.28.569066v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
South American coca (Erythroxylum coca and E. novogranatense) has been a key-stone crop for many Andean and Amazonian communities for at least 8,000 years. However, over the last half century, global demand for cocaine has placed this plant in the centre of armed conflict, deforestation, and explosive growth of illegal economies. While national and international agencies progress from a  war on drugs policy model towards locally appropriate, data-informed strategies to tackle coca plantations, monitoring their expansion and composition remains essential. The principal means to identify coca plants is leaf morphology, yet the extent to which it is reflected in taxonomy is uncertain. Here, we analyse the consistency of the current naming system of coca and its four closest wild relatives (the  coca clade), using morphometrics, phylogenomics, and population genomics. We include the name-bearing type specimens of cocas closest wild relatives E. gracilipes and E. cataractarum. Morphometrics of 342 digitized herbarium specimens show that leaf shape and size fail to reliably discriminate between species and varieties. However, the rounder and more obovate leaves of certain coca varieties could be associated with domestication syndrome of this crop. Our phylogenomic data indicate gene flow involving monophyletic clades of E. gracilipes and the E. coca clade. These results further clarify the evolution of coca and support a taxonomic framework wherein E. gracilipes is retained as a single species. Our findings have implications for the development of cost-effective genotyping methods to effectively discriminate varieties of cultural significance from high-yielding cultivars fuelling the lucrative cocaine market.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Przelomska, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avila, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ballen, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cortes-B, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kistler, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chitwood, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charitonidou, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renner, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez-Escobar, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antonelli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.28.569066</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Morphometrics and phylogenomics of coca (Erythroxylum spp.) illuminate its reticulate evolution, with implications for taxonomy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.29.569229v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Encapsulation of AAV into protein vault nanoparticles as a novel solution to gene therapy's neutralizing antibody problem 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.29.569229v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although adeno-associated virus (AAV) has enjoyed enormous success as a delivery modality for gene therapy, it continues to suffer from the high prevalence of preexisting neutralizing antibodies in human populations, limiting who can receive potentially life-saving treatments. In this regard, AAV therapies generally also must be administered as a single dose since neutralizing antibodies develop in patients who receive the virus. Strategies for circumventing these issues remain limited. As a novel solution, we employed SpyTag-SpyCatcher molecular glue technology to facilitate packaging of AAVs inside of recombinant protein vault nanoparticles. Vaults are endogenous particles produced by mammalian cells. We therefore hypothesized that they may shield packaged molecules from neutralizing antibodies. Vaults have previously been utilized to deliver drugs and proteins into cells, but our study represents the first time anyone has packaged an entire virus inside of a vault. We showed that our vaultAAV (VAAV) delivery vehicle transduces cells in the presence of anti-AAV neutralizing serum. VAAV is positioned as a new gene therapy delivery platform with potential to overcome the neutralizing antibody problem and perhaps even allow administration of multiple doses, expanding the scope of AAV treatments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Collins, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beatty, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moyo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alves-Bezerra, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hurley, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lagor, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ponnazhagan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McNally, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rome, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curiel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.29.569229</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Encapsulation of AAV into protein vault nanoparticles as a novel solution to gene therapy's neutralizing antibody problem]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.28.569095v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human Heart Failure Alters Mitochondria and Fiber 3D Structure Triggering Metabolic Shifts 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.28.569095v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This study, utilizing SBF-SEM, reveals structural alterations in mitochondria and myofibrils in human heart failure (HF). Mitochondria in HF show changes in structure, while myofibrils exhibit increased cross-sectional area and branching. Metabolomic and lipidomic analyses indicate concomitant dysregulation in key pathways. The findings underscore the need for personalized treatments considering individualized structural changes in HF.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vue, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ajayi, P. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neikirk, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prasad, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jenkins, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garza-Lopez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mungai, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marshall, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beasley, H. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Killion, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parker, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anukodem, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavine, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ajijola, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mobley, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, D.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Exil, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirabo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ru Su, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomasek, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wanjalla, C. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hubert, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillips, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McReynolds, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glancy, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hinton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.28.569095</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human Heart Failure Alters Mitochondria and Fiber 3D Structure Triggering Metabolic Shifts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.29.569243v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Loss of Slc35a2 alters development of the mouse cerebral cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.29.569243v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Brain somatic variants in SLC35A2 are associated with clinically drug-resistant epilepsy and developmental brain malformations, including mild malformation of cortical development with oligodendroglial hyperplasia in epilepsy (MOGHE). SLC35A2 encodes a uridine diphosphate galactose translocator that is essential for protein glycosylation; however, the neurodevelopmental mechanisms by which SLC35A2 disruption leads to clinical and histopathological features remain unspecified. We hypothesized that focal knockout (KO) or knockdown (KD) of Slc35a2 in the developing mouse cortex would disrupt cerebral cortical development through altered neuronal migration and cause changes in network excitability. We used in utero electroporation (IUE) to introduce CRISPR/Cas9 and targeted guide RNAs or short-hairpin RNAs to achieve Slc35a2 KO or KD, respectively, during early corticogenesis. Following Slc35a2 KO or KD, we observed disrupted radial migration of transfected neurons evidenced by heterotopic cells located in lower cortical layers and in the sub-cortical white matter. Slc35a2 KO in neurons did not induce changes in oligodendrocyte number, suggesting that the oligodendroglial hyperplasia observed in MOGHE originates from distinct cell autonomous effects. Spontaneous seizures were not observed, but intracranial EEG recordings after focal KO showed a reduced seizure threshold following pentylenetetrazol injection. These results demonstrate that Slc35a2 KO or KD in vivo disrupts corticogenesis through altered neuronal migration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Elziny, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sran, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoon, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corrigan, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Page, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ringland, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lanier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lapidus, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foreman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heinzen, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iffland, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crino, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bedrosian, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.29.569243</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Loss of Slc35a2 alters development of the mouse cerebral cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.30.569373v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The evolution of diverse antimicrobial responses in vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus and its therapeutic implications 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.30.569373v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia is typically treated empirically with vancomycin, with therapy later tailored based on susceptibility results. However, these tests occur before vancomycin exposure and do not account for adaptation during empiric treatment that can alter S. aureus susceptibility to first-line drugs. To investigate these collateral drug responses, we experimentally evolved 18 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) populations under increasing vancomycin concentrations until they achieved intermediate resistance. Genomic sequencing revealed two distinct adaptive pathways characterized by mutations in the WalKR regulon, affecting cell wall metabolism, or rpsU, impacting translational stress responses. These pathways correlated with divergent collateral sensitivity profiles to first-line antibiotics. By developing a Collateral Response Score (CRS), we quantified the probability and magnitude of these responses, demonstrating that evolutionary dynamics critically influence resistance outcomes. Our findings suggest a probabilistic approach to antimicrobial therapy, advocating for rapid genomic diagnostics alongside susceptibility testing to better anticipate and respond to evolutionary changes.

SignificanceAntibiotic treatment can influence bacterial evolution, altering the effectiveness of subsequent therapies by inducing collateral resistance or sensitivity. This study reveals that evolution toward vancomycin-intermediate resistance in the pathogen Staphylococcus aureus proceeds through at least two distinct evolutionary pathways: one characterized by alterations in cell wall metabolism and another by changes in global stress response. These adaptive trajectories result in contrasting collateral sensitivities to first-line antibiotics. By introducing the Collateral Response Score, we assess the uncertainty in these outcomes, providing a probabilistic framework to evaluate how past antibiotic exposure shapes future treatment responses. Further validation studies are needed; however, we believe that improved forecasting of pathogen evolution can enhance antibiotic stewardship, inform therapeutic decisions, and ultimately improve patient outcomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Crozier, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gray, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maltas, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonomo, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Card, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.30.569373</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The evolution of diverse antimicrobial responses in vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus and its therapeutic implications]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.01.569622v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hemodynamics regulate spatiotemporal artery muscularization in the developing circle of Willis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.01.569622v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) envelop vertebrate brain arteries, playing a crucial role in regulating cerebral blood flow and neurovascular coupling. The dedifferentiation of VSMCs is implicated in cerebrovascular diseases and neurodegeneration. Despite its importance, the process of VSMC differentiation on brain arteries during development remains inadequately characterized. Understanding this process could aid in reprogramming and regenerating differentiated VSMCs in cerebrovascular diseases. In this study, we investigated VSMC differentiation on the zebrafish circle of Willis (CoW), comprising major arteries that supply blood to the vertebrate brain. We observed that the arterial expression of CoW endothelial cells (ECs) occurs after their migration from the cranial venous plexus to form CoW arteries. Subsequently, acta2+ VSMCs differentiate from pdgfrb+ mural cell progenitors upon recruitment to CoW arteries. The progression of VSMC differentiation exhibits a spatiotemporal pattern, advancing from anterior to posterior CoW arteries. Analysis of blood flow suggests that earlier VSMC differentiation in anterior CoW arteries correlates with higher red blood cell velocity wall shear stress. Furthermore, pulsatile blood flow is required for differentiation of human brain pdgfrb+ mural cells into VSMCs as well as VSMC differentiation on zebrafish CoW arteries. Consistently, the flow-responsive transcription factor klf2a is activated in ECs of CoW arteries prior to VSMC differentiation, and klf2a knockdown delays VSMC differentiation on anterior CoW arteries. In summary, our findings highlight the role of blood flow activation of endothelial klf2a as a mechanism regulating the initial VSMC differentiation on vertebrate brain arteries.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cheng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, I. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wanner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abello, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stratman, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicoli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.01.569622</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hemodynamics regulate spatiotemporal artery muscularization in the developing circle of Willis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.01.569597v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An inducible genetic tool for tracking and manipulating specific microglial states in development and disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.01.569597v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent single-cell RNA sequencing studies have revealed distinct microglial states in development and disease. These include proliferative region-associated microglia (PAM) in developing white matter and disease-associated microglia (DAM) prevalent in various neurodegenerative conditions. PAM and DAM share a similar core gene signature and other functional properties. However, the extent of the dynamism and plasticity of these microglial states, as well as their functional significance, remains elusive, partly due to the lack of specific tools. Here, we report the generation of an inducible Cre driver line, Clec7a-CreERT2, designed to target PAM and DAM in the brain parenchyma. Utilizing this tool, we profile labeled cells during development and in several disease models, uncovering convergence and context-dependent differences in PAM/DAM gene expression. Through long-term tracking, we demonstrate surprising levels of plasticity in these microglial states. Lastly, we specifically depleted DAM in cuprizone-induced demyelination, revealing their roles in disease progression and recovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barclay, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abduljawad, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rustenhoven, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazzitelli Perez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smyth, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beatty, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saligrama, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colonna, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kipnis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.01.569597</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An inducible genetic tool for tracking and manipulating specific microglial states in development and disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.03.568663v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Whole-genome sequences reveal zygotic composition in chimeric twins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.03.568663v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The monochorionic placenta in dizygotic twins allows in utero exchange of embryonic cells, resulting in chimerism in the twins. In practice, this chimerism is incidentally identified on mixed ABO blood types or in the presence of cells with a discordant sex chromosome. Here, we applied whole-genome sequencing to one triplet and one twin families to precisely understand their zygotic compositions, using millions of genomic variants as barcodes of zygotic origins. Peripheral blood showed asymmetrical contributions from two sister zygotes, where one of the zygotes was the major clone in both twins. Single-cell RNA sequencing of peripheral blood tissues further showed differential contributions from the two sister zygotes across blood cell types. In contrast, buccal tissues were pure in genetic composition, suggesting that in utero cellular exchanges were confined to the blood tissues. Our study illustrates the cellular history of twinning during human development, which is critical for managing the health of chimeric individuals in the era of genomic medicine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yoon, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nam, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koh, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Won, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffith, O. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffith, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sung, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, T. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ju, Y. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.03.568663</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Whole-genome sequences reveal zygotic composition in chimeric twins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.04.569809v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Impact of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and oxycodone co-administration on measures of antinociception, dependence, circadian activity, and reward in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.04.569809v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Oxycodone is commonly prescribed for moderate to severe pain disorders. While efficacious, long-term use can result in tolerance, physical dependence, and the development of opioid use disorder. Cannabis and its derivatives such as {Delta}9-Tetrahydrocannabinol ({Delta}9-THC) have been reported to enhance oxycodone analgesia in animal models and in humans. However, it remains unclear if {Delta}9-THC may facilitate unwanted aspects of oxycodone intake, such as tolerance, dependence, and reward at analgesic doses. This study sought to evaluate the impact of co-administration of {Delta}9-THC and oxycodone across behavioral measures related to antinociception, dependence, circadian activity, and reward in both male and female mice. Oxycodone and {Delta}9-THC produced dose-dependent antinociceptive effects in the hotplate assay that were similar between sexes. Repeated treatment (twice daily for 5 days) resulted in antinociceptive tolerance. Combination treatment of oxycodone and {Delta}9-THC produced a greater antinociceptive effect than either administered alone, and delayed the development of antinociceptive tolerance. Repeated treatment with oxycodone produced physical dependence and alterations in circadian activity, neither of which were exacerbated by co-treatment with {Delta}9-THC. Combination treatment of oxycodone and {Delta}9-THC produced CPP when co-administered at doses that did not produce preference when administered alone. These data indicate that {Delta}9-THC may facilitate oxycodone-induced antinociception without augmenting certain unwanted features of opioid intake (e.g. dependence, circadian rhythm alterations). However, our findings also indicate that {Delta}9-THC may facilitate rewarding properties of oxycodone at therapeutically relevant doses which warrant consideration when evaluating this combination for its potential therapeutic utility.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Slivicki, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nhat, V. T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kravitz, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creed, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gereau, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.04.569809</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Impact of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and oxycodone co-administration on measures of antinociception, dependence, circadian activity, and reward in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.04.569964v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Decreased voluntary alcohol intake and ventral striatal epigenetic and transcriptional remodeling in male Acss2 KO mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.04.569964v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metabolic-epigenetic interactions are emerging as key pathways in regulating alcohol-related transcriptional changes in the brain. We previously demonstrated that this is mediated by the metabolic enzyme Acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (Acss2), which is nuclear and chromatin-bound in neurons. Mice lacking Acss2 fail to deposit alcohol-derived acetate onto histones in the brain and show no conditioned place preference for ethanol reward. Here, we explored the role of this pathway during voluntary alcohol intake. We found that Acss2 KO mice consumed significantly less alcohol during drinking-in-the-dark, and this effect was primarily driven by males. We performed genome-wide transcriptional profiling of 7 key brain regions implicated in alcohol and drug use, and found that, following drinking, Acss2 KO mice exhibited blunted gene expression in the ventral striatum, and similar to the behavioral differences, transcriptional dysregulation was more pronounced in male mice. Further, we found that the gene expression changes were associated with depletion of ventral striatal histone acetylation (H3K27ac) in Acss2 KO mice compared to WT. Taken together, our data suggest that Acss2 plays an important role in orchestrating ventral striatal epigenetic and transcriptional changes during voluntary alcohol drinking, especially in males. Consequently, targeting this pathway could be a promising new therapeutic avenue.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Egervari, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donahue, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quijano-Carde, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hogan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Periandri, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleites, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexander, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Biasi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berger, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.04.569964</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Decreased voluntary alcohol intake and ventral striatal epigenetic and transcriptional remodeling in male Acss2 KO mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.05.570194v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chimeric systems composed of swapped Tra subunits between distantly-related F plasmids reveal striking plasticity among type IV secretion machines 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.05.570194v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacterial type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are a versatile family of macromolecular translocators, collectively able to recruit diverse DNA and protein substrates and deliver them to a wide range of cell types. Presently, there is little understanding of how T4SSs recognize substrate repertoires and form productive contacts with specific target cells. Although T4SSs are composed of a number of conserved subunits and adopt certain conserved structural features, they also display considerable compositional and structural diversity. Here, we explored the structural bases underlying the functional versatility of T4SSs through systematic deletion and subunit swapping between two conjugation systems encoded by the distantly-related IncF plasmids, pED208 and F. We identified several regions of intrinsic flexibility among the encoded T4SSs, as evidenced by partial or complete functionality of chimeric machines. Swapping of VirD4-like TraD type IV coupling proteins (T4CPs) yielded functional chimeras, indicative of relaxed specificity at the substrate - TraD and TraD - T4SS interfaces. Through mutational analyses, we further delineated domains of the TraD T4CPs contributing to recruitment of cognate vs heterologous DNA substrates. Remarkably, swaps of components comprising the outer membrane core complexes, a few F-specific subunits, or the TraA pilins supported DNA transfer in the absence of detectable pilus production. Among sequenced enterobacterial species in the NCBI database, we identified many strains that harbor two or more F-like plasmids and many F plasmids lacking one or more T4SS components required for self-transfer. We confirmed that host cells carrying co-resident, non-selftransmissible variants of pED208 and F elaborate chimeric T4SSs, as evidenced by transmission of both plasmids. We propose that T4SS plasticity enables the facile assembly of functional chimeras, and this intrinsic flexibility at the structural level can account for functional diversification of this superfamily over evolutionary time and, on a more immediate time-scale, to proliferation of transfer-defective MGEs in nature.

AUTHOR SUMMARYMobile genetic elements (MGEs) comprise a diverse group of extrachromosomal plasmids or integrated DNA fragments that are widely distributed among many bacterial species. MGEs typically encode conjugation systems dedicated to their transmission to other bacteria, and also code for resistance to antibiotics or virulence or other fitness traits. The conjugation systems, along with an equally medically important group of translocators devoted to the interkingdom delivery of protein effectors by pathogenic species, comprise the superfamily of type IV secretion systems (T4SSs). Recent studies have defined many mechanistic and structural features of the T4SSs, yet there remains little understanding of how T4SSs recruit specific DNA or protein substrates, elaborate functional channels, and in some cases build attachment organelles termed conjugative pili. We explored the mechanics of T4SS machine function by systematically exchanging individual components between two distinct conjugation systems functioning in enterobacterial species. Through construction of chimeric machines, and further mutational analyses, we identified subunits or protein domains of conjugation machines specifying recruitment of distinct DNA substrates or selectively contributing to assembly of translocation channels or conjugative pili. Such features of T4SSs are prime targets for development of inhibitory strategies aimed at blocking T4SS functions for therapeutic intervention.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Christie, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kishida, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ogawa-Kishida, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khara, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al Mamun, A. A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bosserman, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.05.570194</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chimeric systems composed of swapped Tra subunits between distantly-related F plasmids reveal striking plasticity among type IV secretion machines]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.05.570146v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ergosterol mediates aggregation of natamycin in the yeast plasma membrane 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.05.570146v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Polyene macrolides are antifungal substances, which interact with cells in a sterol-dependent manner. While being widely used, their mode of action is poorly understood. Here, we employ ultraviolet-sensitive (UV) microscopy to show that the antifungal polyene natamycin binds to the yeast plasma membrane (PM) and causes permeation of propidium iodide into cells. Right before membrane permeability becomes compromised, we observed clustering of natamycin in the PM that was independent of PM protein domains. Aggregation of natamycin was paralleled by cell deformation and membrane blebbing as revealed by soft X-ray microscopy. Substituting ergosterol for cholesterol decreased natamycin binding and resulted in reduced clustering of natamycin in the PM. Blocking of ergosterol synthesis necessitates sterol import via the ABC transporters Aus1/Pdr11 to ensure natamycin binding. Quantitative imaging of dehydroergosterol (DHE) and cholestatrienol (CTL), two analogs of ergosterol and cholesterol, respectively, revealed a largely homogeneous lateral sterol distribution in the PM, ruling out that natamycin binds to pre-assembled sterol domains. Depletion of sphingolipids using myriocin increased natamycin binding to yeast cells, likely by increasing the ergosterol fraction in the outer PM leaflet. We conclude that ergosterol-specific aggregation of natamycin in the yeast PM underlies its antifungal activity, which can be synergistically enhanced by inhibitors of sphingolipid synthesis.

SignificanceErgosterol is the major sterol in the membranes of fungi and a major target for antifungal treatments. Polyene macrolides, such as natamycin, are known to target ergosterol but the underlying mechanisms for their preference for this yeast sterol compared to mammalian cholesterol is not understood. This study shows that natamycin forms aggregates when associated with yeast S. cerevisiae in an ergosterol-dependent manner. Cholesterol can only partially substitute for ergosterol with respect to natamycin binding and aggregation. Membrane-associated aggregation of natamycin is not the result of pre-formed sterol domains in the cell membrane, as we show by direct visualization of minimally modified ergosterol and cholesterol analogs. Inhibiting sphingolipid synthesis increased membrane association and antifungal activity of natamycin, suggesting that targeting sphingolipids in combination with polyene macrolides could lead to novel drug treatment approaches against fungal infections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Szomek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akkerman, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lauritsen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walther, H.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juhl, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thaysen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egebjerg, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Covey, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lehmann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wessig, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foster, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poolman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Werner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneider, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Müller, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wüstner, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.05.570146</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ergosterol mediates aggregation of natamycin in the yeast plasma membrane]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.06.570390v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A proteogenomic surfaceome study identifies DLK1 as an immunotherapeutic target in neuroblastoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.06.570390v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cancer immunotherapies have produced remarkable results in B-cell malignancies; however, optimal cell surface targets for many solid cancers remain elusive. Here, we present an integrative proteomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic analysis of tumor specimens along with normal tissues to identify biologically relevant cell surface proteins that can serve as immunotherapeutic targets for neuroblastoma, an often-fatal childhood cancer of the developing nervous system. We apply this approach to human-derived cell lines (N=9) and cell/patient-derived xenograft (N=12) models of neuroblastoma. Plasma membrane-enriched mass spectrometry identified 1,461 cell surface proteins in cell lines and 1,401 in xenograft models, respectively. Additional proteogenomic analyses revealed 60 high-confidence candidate immunotherapeutic targets and we prioritized Delta-like canonical notch ligand 1 (DLK1) for further study. High expression of DLK1 directly correlated with the presence of a super-enhancer spanning the DLK1 locus. Robust cell surface expression of DLK1 was validated by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry. Short hairpin RNA mediated silencing of DLK1 in neuroblastoma cells resulted in increased cellular differentiation. ADCT-701, a DLK1-targeting antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), showed potent and specific cytotoxicity in DLK1-expressing neuroblastoma xenograft models. Moreover, DLK1 is highly expressed in several adult cancer types, including adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PCPG), hepatoblastoma, and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), suggesting potential clinical benefit beyond neuroblastoma. Taken together, our study demonstrates the utility of comprehensive cancer surfaceome characterization and credentials DLK1 as an immunotherapeutic target.

HighlightsO_LIPlasma membrane enriched proteomics defines surfaceome of neuroblastoma
C_LIO_LIMulti-omic data integration prioritizes DLK1 as a candidate immunotherapeutic target in neuroblastoma and other cancers
C_LIO_LIDLK1 expression is driven by a super-enhancer
C_LIO_LIDLK1 silencing in neuroblastoma cells results in cellular differentiation
C_LIO_LIADCT-701, a DLK1-targeting antibody-drug conjugate, shows potent and specific cytotoxicity in DLK1-expressing neuroblastoma preclinical models
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Weiner, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radaoui, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sidoli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conkrite, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delaidelli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Modi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rokita, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lane, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ennis, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rathi, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raman, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pogoriler, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhatti, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pawel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glisovic-Aplenc, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teicher, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erickson, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Earley, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bosse, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorensen, P. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krytska, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mosse, Y. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Havenith, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zammarchi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Berkel, P. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maris, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diskin, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.06.570390</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A proteogenomic surfaceome study identifies DLK1 as an immunotherapeutic target in neuroblastoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.08.570828v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Electrostatic encoding of genome organization principles within single native nucleosomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.08.570828v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The eukaryotic genome, first packed into nucleosomes of about 150 bp around the histone core, is organized into euchromatin and heterochromatin, corresponding to the A and B compartments, respectively. Here, we asked if individual nucleosomes in vivo know where to go. That is, do mono-nucleosomes by themselves contain A/B compartment information, associated with transcription activity, in their biophysical properties? We purified native mono-nucleosomes to high monodispersity and used physiological concentrations of biological polyamines to determine their condensability. The chromosomal regions known to partition into A compartments have low condensability and vice versa. In silico chromatin polymer simulations using condensability as the only input showed that biophysical information needed to form compartments is all contained in single native nucleosomes and no other factors are needed. Condensability is also strongly anticorrelated with gene expression, and especially so near the promoter region and in a cell type dependent manner. Therefore, individual nucleosomes in the promoter know whether the gene is on or off, and that information is contained in their biophysical properties. Comparison with genetic and epigenetic features suggest that nucleosome condensability is a very meaningful axis onto which to project the high dimensional cellular chromatin state. Analysis of condensability using various condensing agents including those that are protein-based suggests that genome organization principle encoded into individual nucleosomes is electrostatic in nature. Polyamine depletion in mouse T cells, by either knocking out ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) or inhibiting ODC, results in hyperpolarized condensability, suggesting that when cells cannot rely on polyamines to translate biophysical properties of nucleosomes to control gene expression and 3D genome organization, they accentuate condensability contrast, which may explain dysfunction known to occur with polyamine deficiency.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Park, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Athreya, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrizo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benning, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchener, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhanu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muir, T. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pearce, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ha, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.08.570828</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Electrostatic encoding of genome organization principles within single native nucleosomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.12.571344v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A heptavalent O-antigen bioconjugate vaccine exhibits differential functional antibody responses against diverse Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.12.571344v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a concerning pathogen that is now the leading cause of neonatal sepsis and is increasingly difficult to treat due to heightened antibiotic resistance. Thus, there is an urgent need for preventive and effective immunotherapies targeting K. pneumoniae. Vaccination represents a tractable approach to combat this resistant bacterium in some settings; however, there is currently not a licensed K. pneumoniae vaccine available. K. pneumoniae surface polysaccharides, including the terminal O-antigen polysaccharides of lipopolysaccharide, have long been attractive candidates for vaccine inclusion. Herein we describe the generation of a bioconjugate vaccine targeting seven of the predominant O-antigen subtypes in K. pneumoniae. Each of the seven bioconjugates were immunogenic in isolation, with limited cross-reactivity among subtypes. Vaccine-induced antibodies demonstrated varying degrees of binding to a wide variety of K. pneumoniae strains, including suspected hypervirulent strains, all expressing different O-antigen and capsular polysaccharide combinations. Further, sera from vaccinated mice induced complement-mediated killing of many of these K. pneumoniae strains. Finally, we found that increased quantity of capsule interferes with O-antigen antibodies ability to bind and mediate killing of some K. pneumoniae strains, including those carrying hypervirulence-associated genes. Taken together, these data indicate that this novel heptavalent O-antigen bioconjugate vaccine formulation exhibits promising efficacy against some, but not all, K. pneumoniae isolates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wantuch, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knoot, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vinogradov, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harding, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosen, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.12.571344</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A heptavalent O-antigen bioconjugate vaccine exhibits differential functional antibody responses against diverse Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.15.571907v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PhyloJunction: a computational framework for simulating, developing, and teaching evolutionary models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.15.571907v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We introduce PhyloJunction, a computational framework designed to facilitate the prototyping, testing, and characterization of evolutionary models. PhyloJunction is distributed as an open-source Python library that can be used to implement a variety of models, through its flexible graphical modeling architecture and dedicated model specification language. Model design and use are exposed to users via command-line and graphical interfaces, which integrate the steps of simulating, summarizing, and visualizing data. This paper describes the features of PhyloJunction - which include, but are not limited to, a general implementation of a popular family of phylogenetic diversification models - and, moving forward, how it may be expanded to not only include new models, but to also become a platform for conducting and teaching statistical learning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mendes, F. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landis, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.15.571907</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PhyloJunction: a computational framework for simulating, developing, and teaching evolutionary models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.28.573370v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of a myofibroblast differentiation program during neonatal lung development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.28.573370v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alveologenesis is the final stage of lung development in which the internal surface area of the lung is increased to facilitate efficient gas exchange in the mature organism. The first phase of alveologenesis involves the formation of septal ridges (secondary septae) and the second phase involves thinning of the alveolar septa. Within secondary septa, mesenchymal cells include a transient population of alveolar myofibroblasts (MyoFB) and a stable but poorly described population of lipid rich cells that have been referred to as lipofibroblasts or matrix fibroblasts (MatFB). Using a unique Fgf18CreER lineage trace mouse line, cell sorting, single cell RNA sequencing, and primary cell culture, we have identified multiple subtypes of mesenchymal cells in the neonatal lung, including an immature progenitor cell that gives rise to mature MyoFB. We also show that the endogenous and targeted ROSA26 locus serves as a sensitive reporter for MyoFB maturation. These studies identify a myofibroblast differentiation program that is distinct form other mesenchymal cells types and increases the known repertoire of mesenchymal cell types in the neonatal lung.

Summary StatementDuring primary alveologenesis, alveolar myofibroblasts comprise a distinct proliferative mesenchymal lineage that matures and populates emerging secondary septa.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koenitzer, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patra, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dietmann, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bayguinov, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagan, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ornitz, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.28.573370</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of a myofibroblast differentiation program during neonatal lung development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.28.573563v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Competition for resources during development drives allometric patterns in the grass Setaria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.28.573563v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Grasses grow a series of phytomers during development. The distance between successive leaves is determined by internode lengths. Grasses exhibit genetic, developmental, and environmental variability in phytomer number, but how this affects internode length, biomass, and height is unknown. We hypothesized that a generalized mathematical model of phytomer development wherein between-phytomer competition influences internode length distributions would be sufficient to explain internode length patterns in two Setaria genotypes: weedy A10 and domesticated B100. Our model takes a novel approach that includes the vegetative growth of leaf blade, sheath, and internode at the individual phytomer level, and the shift to reproductive growth. To validate and test our mathematical model, we carried out a greenhouse experiment. We found that the rate of leaf emergence is consistent for both genotypes across development, and that the length of time spent elongating for the leaf and internode can be described as the ratio between the time of phytomer emergence and the elongation completion time. The validated model was simulated across all possible parameter values to predict the influence of phytomer number on internode length. This analysis predicts that different internode length distributions across different numbers of total phytomers are an emergent property, rather than a genotype-specific property requiring genotype-specific models. We applied the model to internode length only field data of S. italica accession B100, grown under both well-watered and drought conditions. The model predicts that droughted plants reduce leaf elongation time, reduce resource allocation to the internodes, and overall experience slower growth. Together, model and data suggest that allometric patterns are driven by competition for resources among phytomer and the shift to reproductive growth in Setaria. The resulting model enables us to predict growth dynamics and final allometries at the phytomer level.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dale, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Millman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leakey, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukherji, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baxter, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.28.573563</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Competition for resources during development drives allometric patterns in the grass Setaria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.29.573632v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Calcyphosine is a microtubule-associated protein required for spindle formation and function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.29.573632v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Calcyphosine (CAPS) is a highly conserved but little explored calcium-binding protein that shows elevated expression in many forms of human cancer. Here we uncover a role for CAPS in spindle formation during mitosis. Our experiments suggest that CAPS is a microtubule-binding, spindle-associated protein that helps create the kinetochore fibers that bind and segregate chromosomes. Knockdown of CAPS causes a variety of defects during mitosis, including uncongressed chromosomes and multi-polar spindles, as well as high levels of apoptosis and a reduced mitotic index. We find that CAPS promotes microtubule bundling, both in vitro and in cells, and knockdown of CAPS leads to reduction of thick k-fibers in the mitotic spindle. The high level of CAPS observed in many forms of cancer suggests that CAPS may promote cell proliferation, but our results indicate that CAPS overexpression has little effect on the cell cycle. This suggests that the high level of CAPS expression may be a consequence of cancer, rather than a driving force for cell proliferation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Setu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nie, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Echele, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spencer, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.29.573632</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Calcyphosine is a microtubule-associated protein required for spindle formation and function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.29.573646v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Protosequences in human cortical organoids model intrinsic states in the developing cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.29.573646v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuronal firing sequences are thought to be the basic building blocks of neural coding and information broadcasting within the brain. However, when sequences emerge during neurodevelopment remains unknown. We demonstrate that structured firing sequences are present in spontaneous activity of human and murine brain organoids and ex vivo neonatal brain slices from the murine somatosensory cortex. We observed a balance between temporally rigid and flexible firing patterns that are emergent phenomena in human and murine brain organoids and early postnatal murine somatosensory cortex, but not in primary dissociated cortical cultures. Our findings suggest that temporal sequences do not arise in an experience-dependent manner, but are rather constrained by an innate preconfigured architecture established during neurogenesis. These findings highlight the potential for brain organoids to further explore how exogenous inputs can be used to refine neuronal circuits and enable new studies into the genetic mechanisms that govern assembly of functional circuitry during early human brain development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tjitse van der Molen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spaeth, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartram, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dendukuri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhaskaran-Nair, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blauvelt, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petzold, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansma, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teodorescu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hierlemann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hengen, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanganu-Opatz, I. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kosik, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharf, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.29.573646</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Protosequences in human cortical organoids model intrinsic states in the developing cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.30.573730v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The brainstem's red nucleus was evolutionarily upgraded to support goal-directed action 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.30.573730v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The red nucleus is a large brainstem structure that coordinates limb movement for locomotion in quadrupedal animals (Basile et al., 2021). The humans red nucleus has a different pattern of anatomical connectivity compared to quadrupeds, suggesting a unique purpose (Hatschek, 1907). Previously the function of the human red nucleus remained unclear at least partly due to methodological limitations with brainstem functional neuroimaging (Sclocco et al., 2018). Here, we used our most advanced resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) based precision functional mapping (PFM) in highly sampled individuals (n = 5) and large group-averaged datasets (combined N [~] 45,000), to precisely examine red nucleus functional connectivity.

Notably, red nucleus functional connectivity to motor-effector networks (somatomotor hand, foot, and mouth) was minimal. Instead, red nucleus functional connectivity along the central sulcus was specific to regions of the recently discovered somato-cognitive action network (SCAN; (Gordon et al., 2023)). Outside of primary motor cortex, red nucleus connectivity was strongest to the cingulo-opercular (CON) and salience networks, involved in action/cognitive control (Dosenbach et al., 2007; Newbold et al., 2021) and reward/motivated behavior (Seeley, 2019), respectively. Functional connectivity to these two networks was organized into discrete dorsal-medial and ventral-lateral zones. Red nucleus functional connectivity to the thalamus recapitulated known structural connectivity of the dento-rubral thalamic tract (DRTT) and could prove clinically useful in functionally targeting the ventral intermediate (VIM) nucleus. In total, our results indicate that far from being a  motor structure, the red nucleus is better understood as a brainstem nucleus for implementing goal-directed behavior, integrating behavioral valence and action plans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Krimmel, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laumann, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chauvin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hershey, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roland, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shimony, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willie, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norris, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monk, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheidter, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whiting, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez-Perez, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metoki, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kay, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nahman-Averbuch, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fair, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lynch, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raichle, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dosenbach, N. U. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-01-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.30.573730</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The brainstem's red nucleus was evolutionarily upgraded to support goal-directed action]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-01-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.07.574522v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A basally active cGAS-STING pathway limits SARS-CoV-2 replication in a subset of ACE2 positive airway cell models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.07.574522v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Host factors that define the cellular tropism of SARS-CoV-2 beyond the cognate ACE2 receptor are poorly defined. Here we report that SARS-CoV-2 replication is restricted at a post-entry step in a number of ACE2-positive airway-derived cell lines due to tonic activation of the cGAS-STING pathway mediated by mitochondrial DNA leakage and naturally occurring cGAS and STING variants. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of the cGAS-STING and type I/III IFN pathways as well as ACE2 overexpression overcome these blocks. SARS-CoV-2 replication in STING knockout cell lines and primary airway cultures induces ISG expression but only in uninfected bystander cells, demonstrating efficient antagonism of the type I/III IFN-pathway in productively infected cells. Pharmacological inhibition of STING in primary airway cells enhances SARS-CoV-2 replication and reduces virus-induced innate immune activation. Together, our study highlights that tonic activation of the cGAS-STING and IFN pathways can impact SARS-CoV-2 cellular tropism in a manner dependent on ACE2 expression levels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Puray-Chavez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LaPak, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jasuja, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eschbach, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohammed, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brody, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Major, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldfarb, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kutluay, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-01-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.07.574522</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A basally active cGAS-STING pathway limits SARS-CoV-2 replication in a subset of ACE2 positive airway cell models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-01-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.15.574667v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Automating the Human Connectome Project's Temporal ICA Pipeline 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.15.574667v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data are dominated by noise and artifacts, with only a small fraction of the variance relating to neural activity. Temporal independent component analysis (tICA) is a recently developed method that enables selective denoising of fMRI artifacts related to physiology such as respiration. However, an automated and easy to use pipeline for tICA has not previously been available; instead, two manual steps have been necessary: 1) setting the group spatial ICA dimensionality after MELODICs Incremental Group-PCA (MIGP) and 2) labeling tICA components as artifacts versus signals. Moreover, guidance has been lacking as to how many subjects and timepoints are needed to adequately re-estimate the temporal ICA decomposition and what alternatives are available for smaller groups or even individual subjects. Here, we introduce a nine-step fully automated tICA pipeline which removes global artifacts from fMRI dense timeseries after sICA+FIX cleaning and MSMAll alignment driven by functionally relevant areal features. Additionally, we have developed an automated "reclean" Pipeline for improved spatial ICA (sICA) artifact removal. Two major automated components of the pipeline are 1) an automatic group spatial ICA (sICA) dimensionality selection for MIGP data enabled by fitting multiple Wishart distributions; 2) a hierarchical classifier to distinguish group tICA signal components from artifactual components, equipped with a combination of handcrafted features from domain expert knowledge and latent features obtained via self-supervised learning on spatial maps. We demonstrate that the dimensionality estimated for the MIGP data from HCP Young Adult 3T and 7T datasets is comparable to previous manual tICA estimates, and that the group sICA decomposition is highly reproducible. We also show that the tICA classifier achieved over 0.98 Precision-Recall Area Under Curve (PR-AUC) and that the correctly classified components account for over 95% of the tICA-represented variance on multiple held-out evaluation datasets including the HCP-Young Adult, HCP-Aging and HCP-Development datasets under various settings. Our automated tICA pipeline is now available as part of the HCP pipelines, providing a powerful and user-friendly tool for the neuroimaging community.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coalson, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elam, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Essen, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glasser, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-01-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.15.574667</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Automating the Human Connectome Project's Temporal ICA Pipeline]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-01-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.15.575745v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamical models reveal anatomically reliable attractor landscapes embedded in resting state brain networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.15.575745v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Analyses of functional connectivity (FC) in resting-state brain networks (RSNs) have generated many insights into cognition. However, the mechanistic underpinnings of FC and RSNs are still not well-understood. It remains debated whether resting state activity is best characterized as noise-driven fluctuations around a single stable state, or instead, as a nonlinear dynamical system with nontrivial attractors embedded in the RSNs. Here, we provide evidence for the latter, by constructing whole-brain dynamical systems models from individual resting-state fMRI (rfMRI) recordings, using the Mesoscale Individualized NeuroDynamic (MINDy) platform. The MINDy models consist of hundreds of neural masses representing brain parcels, connected by fully trainable, individualized weights. We found that our models manifested a diverse taxonomy of nontrivial attractor landscapes including multiple equilibria and limit cycles. However, when projected into anatomical space, these attractors mapped onto a limited set of canonical RSNs, including the default mode network (DMN) and frontoparietal control network (FPN), which were reliable at the individual level. Further, by creating convex combinations of models, bifurcations were induced that recapitulated the full spectrum of dynamics found via fitting. These findings suggest that the resting brain traverses a diverse set of dynamics, which generates several distinct but anatomically overlapping attractor landscapes. Treating rfMRI as a unimodal stationary process (i.e., conventional FC) may miss critical attractor properties and structure within the resting brain. Instead, these may be better captured through neural dynamical modeling and analytic approaches. The results provide new insights into the generative mechanisms and intrinsic spatiotemporal organization of brain networks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braver, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ching, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-01-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.15.575745</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamical models reveal anatomically reliable attractor landscapes embedded in resting state brain networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-01-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.15.575769v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Wireless Wearable Ecosystem for Social Network Analysis in Free-living Animals 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.15.575769v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding the dynamics of animal social systems requires studying variation in contact and interaction, which is influenced by environmental conditions, resource availability, and predation risk, among other factors. Traditional (direct) observational methods have limitations, but advancements in sensor technologies and data analytics provide unprecedented opportunities to study these complex systems in naturalistic environments. Proximity logging and tracking devices, capturing movement, temperature, and social interactions, offer non-invasive means to quantify behavior and develop empirical models of animal social networks. However, challenges remain in integrating different data types, incorporating more sensor modalities, and addressing logistical constraints. To address these gaps, we developed a wireless wearable sensor system with novel features (called "Juxta"), including modular battery packs, memory management for combining data types, reconfigurable deployment modes, and a smartphone app for data collection. We present data from a pilot study on prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster), which is a small mammal species that exhibits relatively complex social behavior. We demonstrate the potential for Juxta to increase our understanding of the social networks and behavior of free-living animals. Additionally, we propose a framework to guide future research in merging temporal, spatial, and event-driven data. By leveraging wireless technology, battery efficiency, and smart sensing modalities, our wearable ecosystem offers a scalable solution for real-time, high-resolution data capture and analysis in animal social network studies, opening new avenues for exploring complex social dynamics across species and environments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gaidica, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dantzer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-01-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.15.575769</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Wireless Wearable Ecosystem for Social Network Analysis in Free-living Animals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-01-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.16.575707v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome streamlining to improve performance of a fast-growing cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.16.575707v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic organisms that have garnered significant recognition as potential hosts for sustainable bioproduction. However, their complex regulatory networks pose significant challenges to major metabolic engineering efforts, thereby limiting their feasibility as production hosts. Genome streamlining has been demonstrated to be a successful approach for improving productivity and fitness in heterotrophs but is yet to be explored to its full potential in phototrophs. Here we present the systematic reduction of the genome of the cyanobacterium exhibiting the fastest exponential growth, Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973. This work, the first of its kind in a photoautotroph, involved an iterative process using state-of-the-art genome-editing technology guided by experimental analysis and computational tools. CRISPR/Cas3 enabled large, progressive deletions of predicted dispensable regions and aided in the identification of essential genes. The large deletions were combined to obtain a strain with 55 kb genome reduction. The strains with streamlined genome showed improvement in growth (up to 23%) and productivity (by 22.7%) as compared to the WT. This streamlining strategy not only has the potential to develop cyanobacterial strains with improved growth and productivity traits but can also facilitate a better understanding of their genome to phenome relationships.

ImportanceGenome streamlining is an evolutionary strategy used by natural living systems to dispense unnecessary genes from their genome as a mechanism to adapt and evolve. While this strategy has been successfully borrowed to develop synthetic heterotrophic microbial systems with desired phenotype, it has not been extensively explored in photoautotrophs. Genome streamlining strategy incorporates both computational predictions to identify the dispensable regions and experimental validation using genome editing tool and in this study we have employed a modified strategy with the goal to minimize the genome size to an extent that allows optimal cellular fitness under specified conditions. Our strategy has explored a novel genome-editing tool in photoautotrophs which, unlike other existing tools, enables large, spontaneous optimal deletions from the genome. Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of this modified strategy in obtaining strains with streamlined genome, exhibiting improved fitness and productivity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sengupta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bandyopadhyay, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarkar, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hendry, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schubert, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Church, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maranas, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pakrasi, H. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-01-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.16.575707</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome streamlining to improve performance of a fast-growing cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-01-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.16.575905v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mouse Auditory Cortex Undergoes Asynchronous Maturation in the Right and Left Hemispheres 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.16.575905v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite the significance of lateralized auditory processing in human cognition, there are limited studies in animal models exploring the developmental mechanisms of this cortical specialization. Here, we find that cellular and network signs of maturity in the Auditory Cortex (ACx) appear earlier in the right hemisphere in male mice. We further demonstrate that persistent, experience dependent map reorganization is confined to the hemisphere that is actively maturing and can be differentially engaged by temporally limited manipulations of the sensory environment. Our data suggests that differential timing in hemisphere development could lead to lateralized auditory functioning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Oviedo, H. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reid, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neophytou, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levy, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-01-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.16.575905</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mouse Auditory Cortex Undergoes Asynchronous Maturation in the Right and Left Hemispheres]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-01-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.22.576726v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The cost and payout of age on germline regeneration and sexual maturation in Platynereis dumerilii 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.22.576726v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Regeneration, regrowing lost and injured body parts, is an ability that generally declines with age or developmental transitions (i.e. metamorphosis, sexual maturation) in many organisms. Regeneration is also energetically a costly process, and trade-offs occur between regeneration and other costly processes such as somatic growth, or sexual reproduction. Here we investigate the interplay of regeneration, reproduction, and age in the segmented worm Platynereis dumerilii. P. dumerilii can regenerate its whole posterior body axis, along with its reproductive cells, thereby having to carry out the two costly processes (somatic and germ cell regeneration) after injury. We specifically examine how age affects the success of germ cell regeneration and sexual maturation in developmentally young versus old organisms. We hypothesized that developmentally younger individuals (i.e. lower investment state, with gametes in early mitotic stages) will have higher regeneration success and reach sexual maturation faster than the individuals at developmentally older stages (i.e. higher investment state, with gametes in the process of maturation). Surprisingly, older amputated worms grew faster and matured earlier than younger amputees, even though they had to regenerate more segments and recuperate the more costly germ cells which were already starting to undergo gametogenesis. To analyze germ cell regeneration across stages, we used Hybridization Chain Reaction for the germline marker vasa. We found that regenerated worms start repopulating new segments with germ cell clusters as early as 14 days post amputation. In addition, vasa expression is observed in a wide region of newly-regenerated segments, which appears different from expression patterns during normal growth or regeneration in worms before gonial cluster expansion. Future studies will focus on determining the exact sources of gonial clusters in regeneration.

FundingNIGMS 1R35GM138008-01, Hibbitt Fellowship, WashU Startup funds
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Metzger, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozpolat, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-01-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.22.576726</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The cost and payout of age on germline regeneration and sexual maturation in Platynereis dumerilii]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-01-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.21.576560v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Drivers of Bird Communities in an Urban Neighborhood Vary by Scale 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.21.576560v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Given the accelerated pace of global biodiversity loss and rapid urbanization, it is becoming increasingly urgent to identify ways to minimize the costs and maximize the benefits of urban environments for wild flora and fauna. For instance, it has been estimated that 48% of all bird species are experiencing population declines. One of the main drivers of these declines is habitat loss and degradation associated with urbanization. Increased urbanization necessitates a better understanding of how to conserve birds in urban areas. Although relationships between urbanization and bird communities have been explored extensively, few studies have been conducted in residential neighborhoods, and the influence of urban environmental conditions, particularly air pollution, on bird communities remains unclear. In this study, we examined relationships between bird community metrics and environmental measures related to vegetation and air pollution within a residential neighborhood at multiple spatial scales. We found that bird species richness and the average number of native species were positively related to greenness (as measured by the normalized difference vegetation index; NDVI) within 50 m, and negatively associated with ambient levels of NO2 at 200 m. Similarly, we found the Hill-Shannon diversity index was positively associated with canopy cover, but negatively associated with NO2 at 200 m. The average number of invasive bird species, however, was negatively correlated with canopy cover at 50 m. The average number of native birds was negatively related to ultrafine particle (<100 nm in diameter) concentration. Unlike native bird abundances, invasive bird abundances were not sensitive to NO2 or ultrafine particles. Thus, our research suggests that reductions in air pollution, in combination with greening efforts that increase NDVI and canopy cover via the restoration of vegetation within urban neighborhoods, are likely to increase bird diversity and the abundances of native birds while reducing the abundance of invasive birds.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Darracq, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bliznick, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeager, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pease, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whiteman, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhatnagar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-01-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.21.576560</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Drivers of Bird Communities in an Urban Neighborhood Vary by Scale]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-01-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.23.576505v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are required to prevent SARS-CoV-2 persistence in the nasal compartment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.23.576505v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19 and continues to pose a significant public health threat throughout the world. Following SARS-CoV-2 infection, virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are rapidly generated to form effector and memory cells and persist in the blood for several months. However, the contribution of T cells in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection within the respiratory tract are not well understood. Using C57BL/6 mice infected with a naturally occurring SARS-CoV-2 variant (B.1.351), we evaluated the role of T cells in the upper and lower respiratory tract. Following infection, SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are recruited to the respiratory tract and a vast proportion secrete the cytotoxic molecule Granzyme B. Using antibodies to deplete T cells prior to infection, we found that CD4+ and CD8+ T cells play distinct roles in the upper and lower respiratory tract. In the lungs, T cells play a minimal role in viral control with viral clearance occurring in the absence of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells through 28 days post-infection. In the nasal compartment, depletion of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, but not individually, results in persistent and culturable virus replicating in the nasal compartment through 28 days post-infection. Using in situ hybridization, we found that SARS-CoV-2 infection persisted in the nasal epithelial layer of tandem CD4+ and CD8+ T cell-depleted mice. Sequence analysis of virus isolates from persistently infected mice revealed mutations spanning across the genome, including a deletion in ORF6. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of T cells in controlling virus replication within the respiratory tract during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, K. E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanderheiden, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elrod, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Floyd, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geerling, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stone, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salinas, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banakis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sathish, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shrihari, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis-Gardner, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kohlmeier, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinto, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grakoui, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghedin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suthar, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-01-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.23.576505</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are required to prevent SARS-CoV-2 persistence in the nasal compartment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-01-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.23.576911v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sertraline modulates hippocampal plasticity and learning via sigma 1 receptors, cellular stress and neurosteroids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.23.576911v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In addition to modulating serotonin transport, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have multiple other effects that may contribute to clinical effects, and some of these latter actions prompt repurposing of SSRIs for non-psychiatric indications. We recently observed that the SSRIs fluvoxamine and fluoxetine prevent the acute adverse effects of pro-inflammatory stimulation on long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 hippocampal region. Sertraline showed markedly different effects, acutely inhibiting LTP at a low micromolar concentration through inverse agonism of sigma 1 receptors (S1Rs). In the present studies, we pursued mechanisms contributing to sertraline modulation of LTP in rat hippocampal slices. We found that sertraline partially inhibits synaptic responses mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) via effects on NMDARs that express GluN2B subunits. A selective S1R antagonist (NE-100), but not an S1R agonist (PRE-084) blocked effects on NMDARs, despite the fact that both S1R ligands were previously shown to prevent LTP inhibition. Both NE-100 and PRE-084, however, prevented adverse effects of sertraline on one-trial learning. Because of the important role that S1Rs play in modulating endoplasmic reticulum stress, we examined whether inhibitors of cellular stress alter effects of sertraline. We found that two stress inhibitors, ISRIB and quercetin, prevented LTP inhibition, as did inhibitors of the synthesis of endogenous neurosteroids, which are homeostatic regulators of cellular stress. These studies highlight complex effects of sertraline, S1Rs and neurosteroids on hippocampal function and have relevance for understanding therapeutic and adverse drug actions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Izumi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reiersen, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lenze, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mennerick, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zorumski, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-01-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.23.576911</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sertraline modulates hippocampal plasticity and learning via sigma 1 receptors, cellular stress and neurosteroids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-01-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.23.576977v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genomic features of NF1-associated peripheral nerve sheath tumors: a cohort analysis from the Johns Hopkins NF1 biospecimen repository 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.23.576977v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an inherited neurocutaneous condition that predisposes to the development of peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNST) including cutaneous neurofibromas (CNF), plexiform neurofibromas (PNF), atypical neurofibromatous neoplasms with unknown biological potential (ANNUBP), and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST). The successful advancement of therapeutic development for NF1-associated PNST necessitates the systematic acquisition and analysis of human tumor specimens and their corresponding model systems. RNA sequencing (RNAseq) and whole exome sequencing (WES) data were generated from 73 and 114 primary human tumor samples, respectively. These pre-processed data, standardized for immediate computational analysis, are accessible through the NF Data Portal, allowing immediate interrogation. This analysis combines new and previously released samples, offering a comprehensive view of the entire cohort sequenced. As a dedicated effort to systematically bank tumor samples from people with NF1, in collaboration with molecular geneticists and computational biologists to advance understanding of NF1 biology, the Johns Hopkins NF1 biospecimen repository offers access to samples and genomic data to promote advancement of NF1-related therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makri, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calizo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pollard, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gross, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romo, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allaway, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blakeley, J. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirbe, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pratilas, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-01-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.23.576977</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genomic features of NF1-associated peripheral nerve sheath tumors: a cohort analysis from the Johns Hopkins NF1 biospecimen repository]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-01-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.25.577231v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Breaking free from the clocks tyranny restores memory to brain damaged flies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.25.577231v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The relationship between sleep and memory is an active topic of investigation. In this context, we demonstrate that enhancing sleep restores memory to flies with ablated Mushroom Bodies (MB), a key memory center; this is consistent across several memory assays. Mapping the underlying circuitry reveals circadian modulation of a subset of Dopaminergic neurons (DANs) that modulate aversive learning. Using imaging, we show that MB-ablation disrupts, and sleep restores the time of day these neurons are most responsive. Knocking down the receptor for the clock output signal, Pigment-dispersing factor (Pdfr), in this subset of DANs restores memory to MB-ablated flies. Crucially, MB-ablation does not result in memory impairments in the absence of a functioning clock. Our results reveal neuromodulations key role in cognitive restoration, where sleep aids memory in damaged brains, but a functioning clock unexpectedly hinders this process.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dissel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morgan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wakefield, Z. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shetty, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duong, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donlea, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farah, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loutrianakis, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ford, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Streett, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Periandri, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdalla, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalra, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sousani, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holder, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McAdams, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Swinderen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaw, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-01-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.25.577231</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Breaking free from the clocks tyranny restores memory to brain damaged flies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-01-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.30.577289v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development of a LRRC15-Targeted Radio-Immunotheranostic Approach to Deplete Pro-tumorigenic Mechanisms and Immunotherapy Resistance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.30.577289v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Leucine-rich repeat containing 15 (LRRC15) has emerged as an attractive biomarker and target for cancer therapy. We have developed a humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb), DUNP19, that specifically binds to a phylogenetically conserved LRRC15 epitope and is internalized by target-expressing cancer and stromal cells. In xenograft mouse models, Lutetium-177 labeled DUNP19 ([177Lu]-DUNP19) enables non-invasive imaging and precise radiotherapy to LRRC15-expressing cancer cells and murine cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), halting tumor progression and prolonging survival with minimal toxicity. Transcriptomic analyses of [177Lu]-DUNP19-treated tumors reveal a loss of pro-tumorigenic mechanisms, including a transforming growth factor beta (TGF{beta})-driven and LRRC15+ signature associated with immunotherapy resistance. Together, these results demonstrate that radio-theranostic targeting of LRRC15 with DUNP19 is a compelling precision medicine platform for image-guided diagnosis, eradication, and reprogramming of LRRC15+ tumor tissue that drives immuno-resistance and aggressive disease.

SIGNIFICANCEWe introduce a pioneering LRRC15-guided radio-theranostic approach integrating clinical imaging and radioimmunotherapy. Our strategy utilizes a mAb, DUNP19, to target LRRC15-expressing cancer cells and fibroblasts, demonstrating significant tumor reduction, prolonged survival, and reversal of TGF{beta}-driven treatment resistance. This approach offers a promising strategy for improving outcomes in aggressive cancers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Storey, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altai, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lueckerath, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zedan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trajkovic-Arsic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peekhaus, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siveke, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lilljebjorn, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abou, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marks, H. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ulmert, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lilja, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ridley, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Safi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geres, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Czernin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herrmann, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bentolila, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fioretos, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graeber, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sjostrom, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Damoiseaux, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thorek, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ulmert, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.30.577289</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development of a LRRC15-Targeted Radio-Immunotheranostic Approach to Deplete Pro-tumorigenic Mechanisms and Immunotherapy Resistance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.31.578211v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MXRA8 promotes adipose tissue whitening to drive obesity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.31.578211v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Matrix-remodeling associated 8 (MXRA8), also known as Dual immunoglobulin domain cell adhesion molecule (DICAM), is a type 1 transmembrane protein that reportedly binds the V{beta}3 integrin1 and regulates the differentiation of osteoclasts2 and chondrocytes3, tumor growth4, T cell trafficking5, and angiogenesis6. MXRA8 is also an essential entry receptor for chikungunya virus and other related arthritogenic alphaviruses.7-9 We compared MXRA8 expression in 51 tissues in the Human Protein Atlas and found it is most highly expressed in white adipose tissue (WAT), however the function of MXRA8 in WAT is unknown. Here, we found that MXRA8 expression in WAT is increased in people with obesity and that this response is also observed in a mouse model of high fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing and high-dimensional spectral flow cytometry analyses revealed that MXRA8 is expressed predominantly by adipocyte progenitor (AP) cells and mature adipocytes. MXRA8 mutant primary adipocytes from inguinal (i)WAT exhibited increased expression of Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), a thermogenic protein expressed by beige and brown adipocytes that limits obesity pathogenesis.10-12 Indeed, MXRA8 mutant mice fed a HFD had preserved UCP1+ beige and brown adipocytes and were protected from HFD-induced obesity in a UCP1-dependent manner. Collectively, these findings indicate that MXRA8 promotes whitening of beige and brown adipose tissues to drive obesity pathogenesis and identify MXRA8 as a possible therapeutic target to treat obesity and associated metabolic diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jia, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giwa, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moley, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, G. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petersen, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Field, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abousaway, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coffey, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varnum, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krysa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lodhi, I. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abumrad, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamond, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brestoff, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.31.578211</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MXRA8 promotes adipose tissue whitening to drive obesity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.01.578353v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mice born preterm develop gait dystonia and reduced cortical parvalbumin immunoreactivity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.01.578353v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Preterm birth leading to cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common cause of childhood dystonia, a movement disorder that is debilitating and often treatment refractory. Dystonia has been typically associated with dysfunction of striatal cholinergic interneurons, but clinical imaging data suggests that cortical injury may best predict dystonia following preterm birth. Furthermore, abnormal sensorimotor cortex inhibition has been found in many studies of non-CP dystonias. To assess the potential for a cortical etiology of dystonia following preterm birth, we developed a new model of preterm birth in mice. Noting that term delivery in mice on a C57BL/6J background is embryonic day 19.1 (E19.1), we induced preterm birth at the limits of pup viability at embryonic day (E) 18.3, equivalent to human 22 weeks gestation. Mice born preterm demonstrate display clinically validated metrics of dystonia during gait (leg adduction amplitude and variability) and also demonstrate reduced parvalbumin immunoreactivity in the sensorimotor cortex, suggesting dysfunction of cortical parvalbumin-positive inhibitory interneurons. Notably, reduced parvalbumin immunoreactivity or changes in parvalbumin-positive neuronal number were not observed in the striatum. These data support the association between cortical dysfunction and dystonia following preterm birth. We propose that our mouse model of preterm birth can be used to study this association and potentially also study other sequelae of extreme prematurity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gemperli, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Folorunso, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshua, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hill, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rykowski, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galindo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aravamuthan, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.01.578353</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mice born preterm develop gait dystonia and reduced cortical parvalbumin immunoreactivity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.02.578536v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mendelian segregation and high recombination rates facilitate genetic analyses in Cryptosporidium parvum 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.02.578536v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Very little is known about the process of meiosis in the apicomplexan parasite Cryptosporidium despite the essentiality of sex in its life cycle. Most cell lines only support asexual growth of Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum), but stem cell derived intestinal epithelial cells grown under air-liquid interface (ALI) conditions support the sexual cycle. To examine chromosomal dynamics during meiosis in C. parvum, we generated two transgenic lines of parasites that were fluorescently tagged with mCherry or GFP on chromosomes 1 or 5, respectively. Infection of ALI cultures or Ifngr1-/- mice with mCherry and GFP parasites produced "yellow" oocysts generated by cross-fertilization. Outcrossed oocysts from the F1 generation were purified and used to infect HCT-8 cultures, and phenotypes of the progeny were observed by microscopy. All possible phenotypes predicted by independent segregation were represented equally ([~]25%) in the population, indicating that C. parvum chromosomes exhibit a Mendelian inheritance pattern. Unexpectedly, the most common pattern observed from the outgrowth of single oocysts included all possible parental and recombinant phenotypes derived from a single meiotic event, suggesting a high rate of crossover. To estimate the frequency of crossover, additional loci on chromosomes 1 and 5 were tagged and used to monitor intrachromosomal crosses in Ifngr1-/- mice. Both chromosomes showed a high frequency of crossover compared to other apicomplexans with map distances (i.e., 1% recombination) of 3-12 kb. Overall, a high recombination rate may explain many unique characteristics observed in Cryptosporidium spp. such as high rates of speciation, wide variation in host range, and rapid evolution of host-specific virulence factors.

AUTHOR SUMMARYAlthough sex is essential for the transmission and maintenance of infection of Cryptosporidium, it has been historically challenging to study the process of meiosis in this medically relevant protist. We utilize recent methodological advances such as a specialized in vitro culture system, cell sorting, and the generation of transgenic parasites to cross identical strains of parasites in the absence of selection pressure to identify intrinsic chromosome behavior during meiosis. By specifically examining the phenotypes from the first generation of parasites, we reveal that cross-fertilization frequently occurs in parasite populations, chromosomes segregate in a Mendelian manner, and the rate of crossover is high on Chromosomes 1 and 5. Understanding these baseline meiotic mechanisms is essential for planning and interpreting future genetic studies of Cryptosporidium seeking to identify genes associated with phenotypes of interest.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kimball, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Funkhouser-Jones, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Witola, W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sibley, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.02.578536</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mendelian segregation and high recombination rates facilitate genetic analyses in Cryptosporidium parvum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.31.577486v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Data-Driven Latent Variable Approach to Validating the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Framework 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.31.577486v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite the widespread use of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework in psychiatry and neuroscience, recent studies suggest that the RDoC is insufficiently specific or excessively broad relative to the underlying brain circuitry it seeks to elucidate. To address these concerns, we employed a latent variable approach using bifactor analysis. We examined 84 whole-brain task-based fMRI (tfMRI) activation maps from 19 studies with 6,192 participants. A curated subset of 37 maps with a balanced representation of RDoC domains constituted the training set, and the remaining held-out maps formed the internal validation set. External validation was conducted using 36 peak coordinate activation maps from Neurosynth, using terms of RDoC constructs as seeds for topic meta-analysis. Here, we show that a bifactor model incorporating a task-general domain and splitting the cognitive systems domain better fits the examined corpus of tfMRI data than the current RDoC framework. We also identify the domain of arousal and regulatory systems as underrepresented. Our data-driven validation supports revising the RDoC framework to reflect underlying brain circuitry more accurately.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Quah, S. K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geniesse, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uddin, L. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mumford, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barch, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fair, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gotlib, I. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poldrack, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saggar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.31.577486</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Data-Driven Latent Variable Approach to Validating the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Framework]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.02.578646v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BRD4-mediated epigenetic regulation of endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contact sites is governed by the mitochondrial complex III 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.02.578646v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inter-organellar communication is critical for cellular metabolic homeostasis. One of the most abundant inter-organellar interactions are those at the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria contact sites (ERMCS). However, a detailed understanding of the mechanisms governing ERMCS regulation and their roles in cellular metabolism are limited by a lack of tools that permit temporal induction and reversal. Through unbiased screening approaches, we identified fedratinib, an FDA-approved drug, that dramatically increases ERMCS abundance by inhibiting the epigenetic modifier BRD4. Fedratinib rapidly and reversibly modulates mitochondrial and ER morphology and alters metabolic homeostasis. Moreover, ERMCS modulation depends on mitochondria electron transport chain complex III function. Comparison of fedratinib activity to other reported inducers of ERMCS revealed common mechanisms of induction and function, providing clarity and union to a growing body of experimental observations. In total, our results uncovered a novel epigenetic signaling pathway and an endogenous metabolic regulator that connects ERMCS and cellular metabolism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lynn-Nguyen, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jadhav, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halligan, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rossiter, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guerra, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koshkin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koo, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morlacchi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanna, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pagliarini, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patterson, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mosalaganti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sexton, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cali, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyssiotis, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, Y. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.02.578646</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BRD4-mediated epigenetic regulation of endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contact sites is governed by the mitochondrial complex III]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.02.578668v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Disrupted mitochondrial response to nutrients is a presymptomatic event in the cortex of the APPSAA knock-in mouse model of Alzheimer disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.02.578668v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionReduced brain energy metabolism, mTOR dysregulation, and extracellular amyloid-{beta} oligomer (xcA{beta}O) buildup characterize AD; how they collectively promote neurodegeneration is poorly understood. We previously reported that xcA{beta}Os inhibit Nutrient-induced Mitochondrial Activity (NiMA) in cultured neurons. We now report NiMA disruption in vivo.

MethodsBrain energy metabolism and oxygen consumption were recorded in APPSAA/+ mice using two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging and multiparametric photoacoustic microscopy.

ResultsNiMA is inhibited in APPSAA/+ mice before other defects are detected in these amyloid-{beta}-producing animals that do not overexpress APP or contain foreign DNA inserts into genomic DNA. GSK3{beta} signals through mTORC1 to regulate NiMA independently of mitochondrial biogenesis. Inhibition of GSK3{beta} with lithium or TWS119 stimulates NiMA in cultured human neurons, and mitochondrial activity and oxygen consumption in APPSAA mice.

ConclusionNiMA disruption in vivo occurs before histopathological changes and cognitive decline in APPSAA mice, and may represent an early stage in human AD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Norambuena, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sagar, V. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raut, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallrabe, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pardo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alam, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Periasamy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bloom, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.02.578668</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Disrupted mitochondrial response to nutrients is a presymptomatic event in the cortex of the APPSAA knock-in mouse model of Alzheimer disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.04.578776v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Variant Surface Protein GP60 Contributes to Host Infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.04.578776v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biological studies of the determinants of Cryptosporidium infectivity and virulence are lacking despite the fact that cryptosporidiosis is a major public health problem. Here, we used advanced genetic tools to investigate the processing, fate, and function of the 60-kDa glycoprotein (GP60), an immunodominant variable antigen associated with protection against reinfection. Endogenous gene tagging revealed that GP60 is highly expressed in sporozoites, merozoites and male gametes, suggesting that it may be involved in both invasion and sexual replication. GP60 is translocated to the parasite membrane and cleaved at the furin cleavage site into GP40 and GP15. During invasion, GP40 translocates to the apical end of the zoites and remains detectable at the parasite-host interface. Although GP60 is dispensable, both gene deletion and replacement reduce parasite growth and severity of infection. Depletion of its structural domains, GP40, or GP15 individually affects GP60 translocation but has less effect on its function. These findings suggest that the GP60 protein contributes to host infectivity likely through its multiple functions in C. parvum-host interactions. They further our understanding of the pathogenesis of cryptosporidiosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sibley, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.04.578776</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Variant Surface Protein GP60 Contributes to Host Infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.02.578395v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mapping changes in uterine contractility during the ovulatory cycle with wide-area calcium imaging in live mice. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.02.578395v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Uterine contraction patterns vary during the ovulatory cycle and throughout pregnancy but prior measurements have produced limited and conflicting information on these patterns. We combined a virally delivered genetically encoded calcium reporter (GCaMP8m) and ultra-widefield imaging in live nonpregnant mice to characterize uterine calcium dynamics at organ scale throughout the estrous cycle. Prior to ovulation (proestrus and estrus) uterine excitations primarily initiated in a region near the oviduct, but after ovulation (metestrus and diestrus), excitations initiated at loci homogeneously distributed throughout the organ. The frequency of excitation events was lowest in proestrus and estrus, higher in metestrus and highest in diestrus. These results establish a platform for mapping uterine activity, and show that the question of whether there is an anatomically localized trigger for uterine excitations depends on the estrous cycle phase.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Combs, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moult, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>England, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.02.578395</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mapping changes in uterine contractility during the ovulatory cycle with wide-area calcium imaging in live mice.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.04.578804v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Vps13-like protein BLTP2 is pro-survival and regulates phosphatidylethanolamine levels in the plasma membrane to maintain its fluidity and function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.04.578804v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lipid transport proteins (LTPs) facilitate nonvesicular lipid exchange between cellular compartments and have critical roles in lipid homeostasis1. A new family of bridge-like LTPs (BLTPs) is thought to form lipid-transporting conduits between organelles2. One, BLTP2, is conserved across species but its function is not known. Here, we show that BLTP2 and its homolog directly regulate plasma membrane (PM) fluidity by increasing the phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) level in the PM. BLTP2 localizes to endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-PM contact sites3 4, 5, suggesting it transports PE from the ER to the PM. We find BLTP2 works in parallel with another pathway that regulates intracellular PE distribution and PM fluidity6, 7. BLTP2 expression correlates with breast cancer aggressiveness8-10. We found BLTP2 facilitates growth of a human cancer cell line and sustains its aggressiveness in an in vivo model of metastasis, suggesting maintenance of PM fluidity by BLTP2 may be critical for tumorigenesis in humans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daetwyler, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michaud, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jouhet, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madhugiri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiolka, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toulmay, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prinz, W. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.04.578804</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Vps13-like protein BLTP2 is pro-survival and regulates phosphatidylethanolamine levels in the plasma membrane to maintain its fluidity and function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.07.579300v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ABCC10 roles in plant development and the transport of indole-3-butyric acid 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.07.579300v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Proper spatiotemporal distribution of the phytohormone auxin throughout plant tissues mediates a variety of developmental processes. Auxin levels are tightly regulated via de novo synthesis, transport, and conversion from its conjugated forms and precursors. These levels can be regulated through conversion of the auxin precursor, indole 3-butyric acid (IBA), into the active auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), in a peroxisomal {beta}-oxidation process. Defects in IBA-to-IAA conversion cause multiple developmental defects in Arabidopsis, demonstrating IBA-derived IAA is physiologically important to the active auxin pool. Similar to IAA, transport of IBA modulates development. However, the mechanisms governing transport of this molecule remain largely unknown. Here, we identify a mutation in the ABCC10 gene of Arabidopsis that suppresses the abcg36 hypersensitivity to IBA and its synthetic analog, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy butyric acid (2,4-DB) and the abcg36 hyperaccumulation of [3H]-IBA. We found that ABCC10 acts as a direct vacuolar transporter of IBA. Further, ABCC10 is necessary for proper development of the root apical meristem and leaf tissue. Our findings uncover a previously uncharacterized method of IBA transport that regulates aspects of plant development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Homayouni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Damodaran, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schreiber, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michniewicz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunther, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strader, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.07.579300</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ABCC10 roles in plant development and the transport of indole-3-butyric acid]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.08.579513v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Label free, capillary-scale blood flow mapping in vivo reveals that low intensity focused ultrasound evokes persistent dilation in cortical microvasculature 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.08.579513v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Non-invasive, low intensity focused ultrasound (FUS) is an emerging neuromodulation technique that offers the potential for precision, personalized therapy. An increasing body of research has identified mechanosensitive ion channels that can be modulated by FUS and support acute electrical activity in neurons. However, neuromodulatory effects that persist from hours to days have also been reported. The brains ability to provide targeted blood flow to electrically active regions involve a multitude of non-neuronal cell types and signaling pathways in the cerebral vasculature; an open question is whether persistent effects can be attributed, at least partly, to vascular mechanisms. Using a novel in vivo optical approach, we found that microvascular responses, unlike larger vessels which prior investigations have explored, exhibit persistent dilation following sonication without the use of microbubbles. This finding and approach offers a heretofore unseen aspect of the effects of FUS in vivo and indicate that concurrent changes in neurovascular function may partially underly persistent neuromodulatory effects.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jethe, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hehir, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaral, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisher, J. A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.08.579513</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Label free, capillary-scale blood flow mapping in vivo reveals that low intensity focused ultrasound evokes persistent dilation in cortical microvasculature]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.09.579701v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Efficacy of Host Cell Serine Protease Inhibitor MM3122 against SARS-CoV-2 for Treatment and Prevention of COVID-19 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.09.579701v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We have developed a novel class of peptidomimetic inhibitors targeting several host cell human serine proteases including transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), matriptase and hepsin. TMPRSS2 is a membrane associated protease which is highly expressed in the upper and lower respiratory tract and is utilized by SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses to proteolytically process their glycoproteins, enabling host cell receptor binding, entry, replication, and dissemination of new virion particles. We have previously shown that compound MM3122 exhibited sub nanomolar potency against all three proteases and displayed potent antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2 in a cell-viability assay. Herein, we demonstrate that MM3122 potently inhibits viral replication in human lung epithelial cells and is also effective against the EG.5.1 variant of SARS-CoV-2. Further, we have evaluated MM3122 in a mouse model of COVID-19 and have demonstrated that MM3122 administered intraperitoneally (IP) before (prophylactic) or after (therapeutic) SARS-CoV-2 infection had significant protective effects against weight loss and lung congestion, and reduced pathology. Amelioration of COVID-19 disease was associated with a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines production after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Prophylactic, but not therapeutic, administration of MM3122 also reduced virus titers in the lungs of SARS-CoV-2 infected mice. Therefore, MM3122 is a promising lead candidate small molecule drug for the treatment and prevention of infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses.

IMPORTANCESARS-CoV-2 and other emerging RNA coronaviruses are a present and future threat in causing widespread endemic and pandemic infection and disease. In this paper, we have shown that the novel host-cell protease inhibitor, MM3122, blocks SARS-CoV-2 viral replication and is efficacious as both a prophylactic and therapeutic drug for the treatment of COVID-19 in mice. Targeting host proteins and pathways in antiviral therapy is an underexplored area of research but this approach promises to avoid drug resistance by the virus, which is common in current antiviral treatments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Boon, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bricker, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fritch, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leist, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gully, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baric, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graham, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Troan, B. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahoney, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janetka, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.09.579701</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Efficacy of Host Cell Serine Protease Inhibitor MM3122 against SARS-CoV-2 for Treatment and Prevention of COVID-19]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.11.579390v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification Drug Targets for Oxaliplatin-Induced Cardiotoxicity without affecting cancer treatment through Inter Variability Cross-Correlation Analysis (IVCCA) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.11.579390v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The successful treatment of side effects of chemotherapy faces two major limitations: the need to avoid interfering with pathways essential for the cancer-destroying effects of the chemotherapy drug, and the need to avoid helping tumor progression through cancer promoting cellular pathways. To address these questions and identify new pathways and targets that satisfy these limitations, we have developed the bioinformatics tool Inter Variability Cross-Correlation Analysis (IVCCA). This tool calculates the cross-correlation of differentially expressed genes, analyzes their clusters, and compares them across a vast number of known pathways to identify the most relevant target(s). To demonstrate the utility of IVCCA, we applied this platform to RNA-seq data obtained from the hearts of the animal models with oxaliplatin-induced CTX. RNA-seq of the heart tissue from oxaliplatin treated mice identified 1744 differentially expressed genes with False Discovery Rate (FDR) less than 0.05 and fold change above 1.5 across nine samples. We compared the results against traditional gene enrichment analysis methods, revealing that IVCCA identified additional pathways potentially involved in CTX beyond those detected by conventional approaches. The newly identified pathways such as energy metabolism and several others represent promising target for therapeutic intervention against CTX, while preserving the efficacy of the chemotherapy treatment and avoiding tumor proliferation. Targeting these pathways is expected to mitigate the damaging effects of chemotherapy on cardiac tissues and improve patient outcomes by reducing the incidence of heart failure and other cardiovascular complications, ultimately enabling patients to complete their full course of chemotherapy with improved quality of life and survival rates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Du, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sudlow, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biswas, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mollah, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berezin, M. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.11.579390</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification Drug Targets for Oxaliplatin-Induced Cardiotoxicity without affecting cancer treatment through Inter Variability Cross-Correlation Analysis (IVCCA)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.11.579856v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
How to validate a Bayesian evolutionary model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.11.579856v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biology has become a highly mathematical discipline in which probabilistic models play a central role. As a result, research in the biological sciences is now dependent on computational tools capable of carrying out complex analyses. These tools must be validated before they can be used, but what is understood as validation varies widely among methodological contributions. This may be a consequence of the still embryonic stage of the literature on statistical software validation for computational biology. Our manuscript aims to advance this literature. Here, we describe and illustrate good practices for assessing the correctness of a model implementation, with an emphasis on Bayesian methods. We also introduce a suite of functionalities for automating validation protocols. It is our hope that the guidelines presented here help sharpen the focus of discussions on (as well as elevate) expected standards of statistical software for biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mendes, F. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouckaert, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carvalho, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drummond, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.11.579856</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[How to validate a Bayesian evolutionary model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.16.580695v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Immuno-Scanning Electron Microscopy of Islet Primary Cilia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.16.580695v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The definitive demonstration of protein localization on primary cilia has been a challenge for cilia biologists. Primary cilia are solitary thread-like projections that contain specialized protein composition, but as the ciliary structure overlays the cell membrane and other cell parts, the identity of ciliary proteins are difficult to ascertain by conventional imaging approaches like immunofluorescence microscopy. Surface scanning electron microscopy combined with immuno-labeling (immuno-SEM) bypasses some of these indeterminacies by unambiguously showing protein expression in the context of the 3D ultrastructure of the cilium. Here we apply immuno-SEM to specifically identify proteins on the primary cilia of mouse and human pancreatic islets, including post-translationally modified tubulin, intraflagellar transport (IFT) 88, the small GTPase Arl13b, as well as subunits of axonemal dynein. Key parameters in sample preparation, immuno-labeling, and imaging acquisition are discussed to facilitate similar studies by others in the cilia research community.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sviben, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polino, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melena, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughes, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.16.580695</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Immuno-Scanning Electron Microscopy of Islet Primary Cilia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.16.580708v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ultrastructure expansion microscopy (U-ExM) of mouse and human kidneys for analysis of subcellular structures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.16.580708v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ultrastructure expansion microscopy (U-ExM) involves the physical magnification of specimens embedded in hydrogels, which allows for super-resolution imaging of subcellular structures using a conventional diffraction-limited microscope. Methods for expansion microscopy exist for several organisms, organs, and cell types, and used to analyze cellular organelles and substructures in nanoscale resolution. Here, we describe a simple step-by-step U-ExM protocol for the expansion, immunostaining, imaging, and analysis of cytoskeletal and organellar structures in kidney tissue. We detail the critical modified steps to optimize isotropic kidney tissue expansion, and preservation of the renal cell structures of interest. We demonstrate the utility of the approach using several markers of renal cell types, centrioles, cilia, the extracellular matrix, and other cytoskeletal elements. Finally, we show that the approach works well on mouse and human kidney samples that were preserved using different fixation and storage conditions. Overall, this protocol provides a simple and cost-effective approach to analyze both pre-clinical and clinical renal samples in high detail, using conventional lab supplies and standard widefield or confocal microscopy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Langner, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puapatanakul, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pudlowski, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alsabbagh, D. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dutcher, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brody, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suleiman, H. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahjoub, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.16.580708</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ultrastructure expansion microscopy (U-ExM) of mouse and human kidneys for analysis of subcellular structures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.16.580448v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MRI economics: Balancing sample size and scan duration in brain wide association studies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.16.580448v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A pervasive dilemma in brain-wide association studies (BWAS) is whether to prioritize functional MRI (fMRI) scan time or sample size. We derive a theoretical model showing that individual-level phenotypic prediction accuracy increases with sample size and total scan duration (sample size x scan time per participant). The model explains empirical prediction accuracies extremely well across 76 phenotypes from nine resting-fMRI and task-fMRI datasets (R2 = 0.89), spanning a wide range of scanners, acquisitions, racial groups, disorders and ages. For scans [&le;]20 mins, prediction accuracy increases linearly with the logarithm of total scan duration, suggesting interchangeability of sample size and scan time. However, sample size is ultimately more important than scan time in determining prediction accuracy. Nevertheless, when accounting for overhead costs associated with each participant (e.g., recruitment costs), to boost prediction accuracy, longer scans can yield substantial cost savings over larger sample size. To achieve high prediction performance, 10-min scans are highly cost inefficient. In most scenarios, the optimal scan time is [&ge;]20 mins. On average, 30-min scans are the most cost-effective, yielding 22% cost savings over 10-min scans. Overshooting is cheaper than undershooting the optimal scan time, so we recommend aiming for [&ge;]30 mins. Compared with resting-state whole-brain BWAS, the most cost-effective scan time is shorter for task-fMRI and longer for subcortical-cortical BWAS. Standard power calculations maximize sample size at the expense of scan time. Our study demonstrates that optimizing both sample size and scan time can boost prediction power while cutting costs. Our empirically informed reference is available for future study planning: WEB_APPLICATION_LINK
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ooi, L. Q. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orban, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nichols, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, T. W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dosenbach, N. U. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laumann, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bzdok, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eickhoff, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holmes, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, B. T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.16.580448</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MRI economics: Balancing sample size and scan duration in brain wide association studies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.18.580354v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mice lacking Astn2 have ASD-like behaviors and altered cerebellar circuit properties 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.18.580354v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Astrotactin 2 (ASTN2) is a transmembrane neuronal protein highly expressed in the cerebellum that functions in receptor trafficking and modulates cerebellar Purkinje cell (PC) synaptic activity. We recently reported a family with a paternally inherited intragenic ASTN2 duplication with a range of neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), learning difficulties, and speech and language delay. To provide a genetic model for the role of the cerebellum in ASD-related behaviors and study the role of ASTN2 in cerebellar circuit function, we generated global and PC-specific conditional Astn2 knockout (KO and cKO, respectively) mouse lines. Astn2 KO mice exhibit strong ASD-related behavioral phenotypes, including a marked decrease in separation-induced pup ultrasonic vocalization calls, hyperactivity and repetitive behaviors, altered social behaviors, and impaired cerebellar-dependent eyeblink conditioning. Hyperactivity and repetitive behaviors were also prominent in Astn2 cKO animals. By Golgi staining, Astn2 KO PCs have region-specific changes in dendritic spine density and filopodia numbers. Proteomic analysis of Astn2 KO cerebellum reveals a marked upregulation of ASTN2 family member, ASTN1, a neuron-glial adhesion protein. Immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy demonstrates a significant increase in Bergmann glia volume in the molecular layer of Astn2 KO animals. Electrophysiological experiments indicate a reduced frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs), as well as increased amplitudes of both spontaneous EPSCs and inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) in the Astn2 KO animals, suggesting that pre- and postsynaptic components of synaptic transmission are altered. Thus, ASTN2 regulates ASD-like behaviors and cerebellar circuit properties.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hanzel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernando, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maloney, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mätlik, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasolli, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heissel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hull, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatten, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.18.580354</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mice lacking Astn2 have ASD-like behaviors and altered cerebellar circuit properties]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.17.580812v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inhibition of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Reduces Inflammation and Myocardial Injury in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.17.580812v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Previous studies have implicated persistent innate immune signaling in the pathogenesis of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM), a familial non-ischemic heart muscle disease characterized by life-threatening arrhythmias and progressive myocardial injury. Here, we provide new evidence implicating inflammatory lipid autocoids in ACM. We show that specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators are reduced in hearts of Dsg2mut/mut mice, a well characterized mouse model of ACM. We also found that ACM disease features can be reversed in rat ventricular myocytes expressing mutant JUP by the pro-resolving epoxy fatty acid (EpFA) 14,15-eicosatrienoic acid (14-15-EET), whereas 14,15-EE-5(Z)E which antagonizes actions of the putative 14,15-EET receptor, intensified nuclear accumulation of the desmosomal protein plakoglobin. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), an enzyme that rapidly converts pro-resolving EpFAs into polar, far less active or even pro-inflammatory diols, is highly expressed in cardiac myocytes in Dsg2mut/mut mice. Inhibition of sEH prevented progression of myocardial injury in Dsg2mut/mut mice and led to recovery of contractile function. This was associated with reduced myocardial expression of genes involved in the innate immune response and fewer pro- inflammatory macrophages expressing CCR2, which mediate myocardial injury in Dsg2mut/mut mice. These results suggest that pro-inflammatory eicosanoids contribute to the pathogenesis of ACM and, further, that inhibition of sEH may be an effective, mechanism-based therapy for ACM patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Panigrahy, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwang, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillespie, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howard, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bueno-Beti, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asimaki, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penna, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavine, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeldin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammock, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saffitz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.17.580812</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inhibition of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Reduces Inflammation and Myocardial Injury in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.21.581467v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Female mice lacking GluA3 show early onset of hearing loss, synaptopathy, and afferent swellings in ambient sound levels 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.21.581467v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPAR) mediate excitatory cochlear transmission. However, the unique roles of AMPAR subunits are unresolved. Lack of subunit GluA3 (Gria3KO) in male mice reduced cochlear output by 8-weeks of age. Since Gria3 is X-linked and considering sex differences in hearing vulnerability, we hypothesized accelerated presbycusis in Gria3KO females. Here, auditory brainstem responses (ABR) were similar in 3-week-old female Gria3WTand Gria3KO mice. However, when raised in ambient sound, ABR thresholds were elevated and wave-1 amplitudes were diminished at 5-weeks and older in Gria3KO. In contrast, these metrics were similar between genotypes when raised in quiet. Paired synapses were similar in number, but lone ribbons and ribbonless synapses were increased in female Gria3KOmice in ambient sound compared to Gria3WT or to either genotype raised in quiet. Synaptic GluA4:GluA2 ratios increased relative to Gria3WT, particularly in ambient sound, suggesting an activity-dependent increase in calcium-permeable AMPARs in Gria3KO. Swollen afferent terminals were observed by 5-weeks only in Gria3KO females reared in ambient sound. We propose that lack of GluA3 induces sex-dependent vulnerability to AMPAR-mediated excitotoxicity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pal, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharyya, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>V-Ghaffari, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rutherford, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubio, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.21.581467</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Female mice lacking GluA3 show early onset of hearing loss, synaptopathy, and afferent swellings in ambient sound levels]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.20.580732v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Superoxide enters neurons via LRRC8A-containing volume-regulated anion channels 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.20.580732v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Superoxide (O2-) is both an intercellular signaling molecule and a cause of neuronal oxidative stress. Superoxide entry into neurons is thought to be indirect, requiring its dismutation to nonpolar hydrogen peroxide. Here we show instead that superoxide enters neurons directly, via LRRC8A-containing volume-sensitive organic anion channels. In primary cultures, neuronal oxidative stress induced either by NMDA receptor stimulation or exposure to authentic superoxide was blocked by the anion channel blockers DIDS and DCPIB and by LRRC8A gene disruption. In mouse cortex, neuronal oxidative stress induced by either NMDA injection or transient ischemia was likewise blocked by both DCPIB and LRRC8A gene disruption. These findings identify a role for LRRC8A-containing volume-sensitive organic anion channels in neuronal oxidative signaling, stress, and glutamate excitotoxicity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Harris, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uruk, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Won, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mai, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baxter, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Everaerts, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sah, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swanson, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.20.580732</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Superoxide enters neurons via LRRC8A-containing volume-regulated anion channels]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.21.581372v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Age-related dysregulation of the retinal transcriptome in African turquoise killifish 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.21.581372v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Age-related vision loss caused by retinal neurodegenerative pathologies is becoming more prevalent in our ageing society. To understand the physiological and molecular impact of ageing on retinal homeostasis, we used the short-lived African turquoise killifish, a model known to naturally develop central nervous system (CNS) ageing hallmarks and vision loss. Bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) of three age groups (6-, 12-, and 18-week-old) identified transcriptional ageing fingerprints in the killifish retina, unveiling pathways also identified in the aged brain, including oxidative stress, gliosis, and inflammageing. These findings were comparable to observations in ageing mouse retina. Additionally, transcriptional changes in genes related to retinal diseases, such as glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration, were observed. The cellular heterogeneity in the killifish retina was characterised, confirming the presence of all typical vertebrate retinal cell types. Data integration from age-matched samples between the bulk and scRNA-seq experiments revealed a loss of cellular specificity in gene expression upon ageing, suggesting potential disruption in transcriptional homeostasis. Differential expression analysis within the identified cell types highlighted the role of glial/immune cells as important stress regulators during ageing. Our work emphasises the value of the fast-ageing killifish in elucidating molecular signatures in age-associated retinal disease and vision decline. This study contributes to the understanding of how age-related changes in molecular pathways may impact CNS health, providing insights that may inform future therapeutic strategies for age-related pathologies.

HighlightsO_LIThe aged killifish retina displays several ageing hallmarks, such as oxidative stress, gliosis and inflammageing, at the transcriptome level.
C_LIO_LIRisk genes for neurodegenerative disorders show dysregulation in the old killifish retina.
C_LIO_LIAll vertebrate retinal cell types are present in the killifish retina.
C_LIO_LITranscriptional dysregulation in the aged killifish retina is observed across cell types.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bergmans, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noel, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harding, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krzywanska, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Schutter, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayana, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, C.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arckens, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruzycki, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacDonald, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moons, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.21.581372</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Age-related dysregulation of the retinal transcriptome in African turquoise killifish]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.22.581571v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rational protein engineering to enhance MHC-independent T cell receptors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.22.581571v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-based therapies have pioneered synthetic cellular immunity against cancer, however remain limited in their scope and long-term efficacy. Emerging data suggest that dysregulated CAR-driven T cell activation causes T cell dysfunction and therapeutic failure. To re-engage the endogenous T cell response, we designed hybrid MHC-independent T cell receptors (miTCRs) by linking antibody variable domains to TCR constant domains. While functional, we observed stark differences in miTCR-driven T cell function that were dependent on receptor orientation. Using predictive structural modeling, we observed significant biochemical conflicts at the hybrid variable-constant domain interface. To overcome this, we performed iterative sequence modifications and structural modeling to design a panel of miTCR variants predicted to have improved interface stability. Functional screening nominated a variant with superior efficacy to all other miTCRs as well as a standard CAR against high burdens of leukemia.

Statement of SignificanceImproving the durability of engineered T cell immunotherapies is critical to enhancing efficacy. We used structure-informed design to evolve MHC-independent T cell receptors that drive improved tumor control. This work underscores the central role of synthetic receptor structure on T cell function and provides a framework for improved receptor engineering.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landmann, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, T.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tenzin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warrington, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Selli, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ritchey, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, Y.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slade, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiPersio, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.22.581571</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rational protein engineering to enhance MHC-independent T cell receptors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.22.581634v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interferons and tuft cell numbers are bottlenecks for persistent murine norovirus infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.22.581634v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Noroviruses (NoVs) are a leading cause of viral gastroenteritis. Despite global clinical relevance, our understanding of how host factors, such as antiviral cytokines interferons (IFNs), modulate NoV population dynamics is limited. Murine NoV (MNoV) is a tractable in vivo model for the study of host regulation of NoV. A persistent strain of MNoV, CR6, establishes a reservoir in intestinal tuft cells for chronic viral shedding in stool. However, the influence of host innate immunity and permissive cell numbers on viral population dynamics is an open question. We generated a pool of 20 different barcoded viruses (CR6BC) by inserting 6-nucleotide barcodes at the 3 position of the NS4 gene and used this pool as our viral inoculum for in vivo infections of different mouse lines. We found that over the course of persistent CR6 infection, shed virus was predominantly colon-derived, and viral barcode richness decreased over time irrespective of host immune status, suggesting that persistent infection involves a series of reinfection events. In mice lacking the IFN-{lambda} receptor, intestinal barcode richness was enhanced, correlating with increased viral intestinal replication. IL-4 treatment, which increases tuft cell numbers, also increased barcode richness, indicating the abundance of permissive tuft cells to be a bottleneck during CR6 infection. In mice lacking type I IFN signaling (Ifnar1-/-) or all IFN signaling (Stat1-/-), barcode diversity at extraintestinal sites was dramatically increased, implicating different IFNs as critical bottlenecks at specific tissue sites. Of interest, extraintestinal barcodes were overlapping but distinct from intestinal barcodes, indicating that disseminated virus represents a distinct viral population than that replicating in the intestine. Barcoded viruses are a valuable tool to explore the influence of host factors on viral diversity in the context of establishment and maintenance of infection as well as dissemination and have provided important insights into how NoV infection proceeds in immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aggarwal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, F. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weagley, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCune, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schreifer, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makimaa, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawrence, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sridhar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baldridge, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.22.581634</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interferons and tuft cell numbers are bottlenecks for persistent murine norovirus infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.27.582396v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sterile kidney tissue injury induces neutrophil swarming in lung alveolar capillaries 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.27.582396v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sterile acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in the clinic and frequently associated with hypoxemia that does not improve with dialysis and remains incompletely understood. AKI induces remote lung inflammation with neutrophil recruitment in mice and humans, but which cellular cues establish neutrophilic inflammation and how it contributes to hypoxemia is not known. Here we report that AKI induces rapid intravascular neutrophil retention in lung alveolar capillaries without any significant extravasation into tissue or alveoli, causing hypoxemia by reducing lung capillary blood flow in the absence of any significant lung interstitial or alveolar edema. In contrast to direct ischemic lung injury, lung neutrophil recruitment during remote lung inflammation did not require cues from intravascular non-classical monocytes or tissue-resident alveolar macrophages. Instead, lung neutrophil retention depended on neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL2 released by activated intravascular classical monocytes. Comparative single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of direct and remote lung inflammation revealed that alveolar macrophages are highly activated and produce the neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL2 only in direct lung inflammation. Establishing a CXCL2 gradient into the alveolus by intratracheal administration of CXCL2 during AKI-induced remote lung inflammation enabled neutrophils to extravasate. We thus discovered important differences in lung neutrophil recruitment in direct versus remote lung inflammation and identified lung capillary neutrophil retention that negatively affects oxygenation by causing a ventilation-perfusion mismatch as a novel driver of AKI-induced hypoxemia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Komaru, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ning, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lama, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suresh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kefaloyianni, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herrlich, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.27.582396</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sterile kidney tissue injury induces neutrophil swarming in lung alveolar capillaries]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.28.582506v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Disordered proteins interact with the chemical environment to tune their protective function during drying 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.28.582506v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The conformational ensemble and function of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are sensitive to their solution environment. The inherent malleability of disordered proteins combined with the exposure of their residues accounts for this sensitivity. One context in which IDPs play important roles that is concomitant with massive changes to the intracellular environment is during desiccation (extreme drying). The ability of organisms to survive desiccation has long been linked to the accumulation of high levels of cosolutes such as trehalose or sucrose as well as the enrichment of IDPs, such as late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins or cytoplasmic abundant heat soluble (CAHS) proteins. Despite knowing that IDPs play important roles and are co-enriched alongside endogenous, species-specific cosolutes during desiccation, little is known mechanistically about how IDP-cosolute interactions influence desiccation tolerance. Here, we test the notion that the protective function of desiccation-related IDPs is enhanced through conformational changes induced by endogenous cosolutes. We find that desiccation-related IDPs derived from four different organisms spanning two LEA protein families and the CAHS protein family, synergize best with endogenous cosolutes during drying to promote desiccation protection. Yet the structural parameters of protective IDPs do not correlate with synergy for either CAHS or LEA proteins. We further demonstrate that for CAHS, but not LEA proteins, synergy is related to self-assembly and the formation of a gel. Our results suggest that functional synergy between IDPs and endogenous cosolutes is a convergent desiccation protection strategy seen among different IDP families and organisms, yet, the mechanisms underlying this synergy differ between IDP families.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>KC, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicholson, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walgren, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trent, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gollub, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramero, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sukenik, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boothby, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.28.582506</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Disordered proteins interact with the chemical environment to tune their protective function during drying]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.01.582950v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Analysis of Infiltrating Immune Cells Following Intervertebral Disc Injury Reveals Recruitment of Gamma-Delta (????) T cells in Female Mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.01.582950v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inadequate repair of injured intervertebral discs (IVD) leads to degeneration and contributes to low back pain. Infiltrating immune cells into damaged musculoskeletal tissues are critical mediators of repair, yet little is known about their identities, roles, and temporal regulation following IVD injury. By analyzing longitudinal changes in gene expression, tissue morphology, and the dynamics of infiltrating immune cells following injury, we characterize sex-specific differences in immune cell populations and identify the involvement of previously unreported immune cell types, {gamma}{delta} and NKT cells. Cd3+Cd4-Cd8-T cells are the largest infiltrating lymphocyte population with injury, and we identified the presence of {gamma}{delta} T cells in this population in female mice specifically, and NKT cells in males. Injury-mediated IVD degeneration was prevalent in both sexes, but more severe in males. Sex-specific degeneration may be associated with the differential immune response since {gamma}{delta} T cells have potent anti-inflammatory roles and may mediate IVD repair.



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=92 SRC="FIGDIR/small/582950v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (17K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@90ba37org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1b17f87org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@2baa2corg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@b155c5_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG O_FLOATNOGraphical Abstract:C_FLOATNO Schematic of the workflow to obtain longitudinal analyses of the acute IVD injury response

Injured caudal IVDs, CC5/6-CC9/10, were bilaterally punctured with a 30G needle to induce a traumatic injury. Injured IVDs and neighboring uninjured internal Control IVDs, CC12/13-CC16/17, were isolated during the acute injury response every 2-3 days until 21 days post injury (dpi) and a chronic injury time point at 42 dpi in female mice. Male mice samples were only collected at key injury response time points (red numbers): 3, 7, 12, 19, and 42 dpi. Longitudinal analyses of the temporal regulation of immune cell gene expression and cell infiltration were measured with qPCR, flow cytometry, immune fluorescence, and histology analyses to identify a sex-divergent immune response.

C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Clayton, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walk, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mpofu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Easson, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.01.582950</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Analysis of Infiltrating Immune Cells Following Intervertebral Disc Injury Reveals Recruitment of Gamma-Delta (????) T cells in Female Mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.03.583132v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A unique subset of pericystic endothelium associates with aberrant microvascular remodelling and impaired blood perfusion early in polycystic kidney disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.03.583132v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hallmarks of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), the most common hereditary kidney anomaly, include expanding fluid-filled epithelial cysts, inflammation, and fibrosis. Despite previous work showing the potential of vascular-based therapies, renal microvascular alterations in ADPKD, and their timing, are poorly understood. Using single-cell transcriptomics of human kidney microvasculature, we identify a population of endothelial cells adjacent to cysts in ADPKD. This pericystic endothelium, distinguishable by its expression of osteopontin (SPP1), has a distinct molecular profile compared to the common endothelial cell injury signature in other kidney diseases. SPP1+ pericystic endothelium was also present in an orthologous mouse model of ADPKD before overt kidney functional decline. By interrogating geometric, topological and fractal properties from three-dimensional imaging of early ADPKD mouse kidneys, we show that pericystic endothelium associates with disorganisation and non-uniformity of the renal cortical microvasculature. Concurrently, we detected region-specific reductions in cortical blood flow within ADPKD murine kidneys using arterial spin labelling. We conclude that ADPKD kidneys contain a unique subset of endothelium manifesting with aberrant remodelling and impaired blood perfusion. Its detection, prior to renal functional decline, advocates the vasculature as a therapeutic target to modulate or preserve renal function in early ADPKD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jafree, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perera, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ball, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tolomeo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pomeranz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mason, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Funk, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolatsi-Joannou, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polschi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malik, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Price, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Motallebzadeh, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muto, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lees, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Needham, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moulding, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandler, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walsh, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woolf, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winyard, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scambler, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagerling, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clatworthy, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humphreys, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lythgoe, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker-Samuel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.03.583132</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A unique subset of pericystic endothelium associates with aberrant microvascular remodelling and impaired blood perfusion early in polycystic kidney disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.04.583310v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The sodium-proton exchangers sNHE and NHE1 control plasma membrane hyperpolarization in mouse sperm. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.04.583310v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sperm capacitation, crucial for fertilization, occurs in the female reproductive tract and can be replicated in vitro using a medium rich in bicarbonate, calcium, and albumin. These components trigger the cAMP-PKA signaling cascade, proposed to promote hyperpolarization of the mouse sperm plasma membrane through activation of SLO3 K+ channel. Hyperpolarization is a hallmark of capacitation: proper membrane hyperpolarization renders higher in vitro fertilizing ability, while Slo3 KO mice are infertile. However, the precise regulation of SLO3 opening remains elusive. Our study challenges the involvement of PKA in this event and reveals the role of Na+/H+ exchangers. During capacitation, calcium increase through CatSper channels activates NHE1, while cAMP directly stimulates the sperm-specific NHE, collectively promoting the alkalinization threshold needed for SLO3 opening. Hyperpolarization then feeds back Na+/H+ activity. Our work is supported by pharmacology, and a plethora of KO mouse models, and proposes a novel pathway leading to hyperpolarization.

TeaserAlkalinization of sperm cytoplasm activates potassium channels to hyperpolarize the plasma membrane in a PKA independent cascade.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Novero, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, P. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de la Vega Beltran, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schiavi-Ehrenhaus, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luque, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carruba, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stival, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gentile, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ritagliati, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santi, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nishigaki, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krapf, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buffone, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darszon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trevino, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krapf, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.04.583310</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The sodium-proton exchangers sNHE and NHE1 control plasma membrane hyperpolarization in mouse sperm.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.04.583296v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Local adaptation of a fungal pathogen to temperature along a latitudinal gradient 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.04.583296v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Whether climate warming will increase or decrease prevalence of an infectious disease partly depends on the potential for pathogens to adapt to higher temperatures. This potential can be assessed by investigating regional variation in pathogen thermal performance and testing for local adaptation to current temperature regimes and host populations. We collected seeds of a host plant (Plantago rugelii, a perennial herb) and isolated strains of its specialist fungal pathogen (Golovinomyces sordidus, a powdery mildew) from five locations along a latitudinal transect from southern Mississippi to northern Wisconsin, USA. In a laboratory experiment, we placed sympatric and allopatric host-pathogen pairings into seven temperature treatments from 7 to 33 {degrees}C. We fitted thermal performance curves to pathogen growth data for each strain. Pathogen strains were locally adapted to temperature, with estimated thermal optima ranging from 20.6 {degrees}C (southernmost strain) to 16.7 {degrees}C (second-northernmost strain) and generally decreasing 0.26 {degrees}C for each degree increase in latitude of origin. However, there was no evidence of pathogen local adaptation to sympatric hosts. Given that powdery mildew spores can disperse long distances via wind, our results suggest that northward spread of warm-adapted strains could facilitate pathogen adaptation to warming climates in this and similar systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fox, Q. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penczykowski, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.04.583296</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Local adaptation of a fungal pathogen to temperature along a latitudinal gradient]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.05.583575v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DeST-OT: Alignment of Spatiotemporal Transcriptomics Data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.05.583575v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spatially resolved transcriptomics (SRT) measures mRNA transcripts at thousands of locations within a tissue slice, revealing spatial variations in gene expression and distribution of cell types. In recent studies, SRT has been applied to tissue slices from multiple timepoints during the development of an organism. Alignment of this spatiotemporal transcriptomics data can provide insights into the gene expression programs governing the growth and differentiation of cells over space and time. We introduce DeST-OT (Developmental SpatioTemporal Optimal Transport), a method to align SRT slices from pairs of developmental timepoints using the framework of optimal transport (OT). DeST-OT uses semi-relaxed optimal transport to precisely model cellular growth, death, and differentiation processes that are not well-modeled by existing alignment methods. We demonstrate the advantage of DeST-OT on simulated slices. We further introduce two metrics to quantify the plausibility of a spatiotemporal alignment: a growth distortion metric which quantifies the discrepancy between the inferred and the true cell type growth rates, and a migration metric which quantifies the distance traveled between ancestor and descendant cells. DeST-OT outperforms existing methods on these metrics in the alignment of spatiotemporal transcriptomics data from the development of axolotl brain.

Code availabilitySoftware is available at https://github.com/raphael-group/DeST_OT
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Halmos, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gold, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raphael, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.05.583575</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DeST-OT: Alignment of Spatiotemporal Transcriptomics Data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.05.583562v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TREM1 disrupts myeloid bioenergetics and cognitive function in aging and Alzheimer disease models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.05.583562v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human genetics implicate defective myeloid responses in the development of late onset, age-associated Alzheimers disease (AD). Aging is characterized by a decline in myeloid metabolism that triggers maladaptive, neurotoxic immune responses. TREM1 is an amplifier of pro-inflammatory myeloid responses, and here we find that Trem1 deficiency prevents age-dependent changes in myeloid metabolism, inflammation, and hippocampal memory function. Trem1 deficiency rescues age-associated declines in ribose-5P, a glycolytic intermediate and the precursor for purine, pyrimidine, and NAD+ biosynthesis. In vitro, Trem1 deficient microglia are resistant to bioenergetic changes induced by amyloid-{beta}42 oligomers (A{beta}42), suggesting that A{beta}42 stimulation disrupts homeostatic microglial metabolism and immune function via TREM1. In the 5XFAD model of amyloid accumulation, Trem1 haploinsufficiency prevents spatial memory loss, preserves homeostatic microglial morphology, and reduces neuritic dystrophy independent of amyloid accumulation or changes in the disease-associated microglial transcriptomic signature. In aging APPSwe mice, Trem1 deficiency restores synaptic mitochondrial function and cerebral glucose uptake and prevents hippocampal memory decline. In post-mortem human brain, microglial TREM1 expression increases with clinical and neuropathological severity. Thus, TREM1-mediated disruption of myeloid metabolism, both in the periphery and brain, promotes cognitive decline in aging and amyloid accumulation, two major risk factors for AD development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Andreasson, K. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panchal, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rabinowitz, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minhas, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swarovski, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benitez, J. A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durairaj, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaney, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iweka, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buckwalter, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ennerfelt, H. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Umans, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zera, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McReynolds, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greicius, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehta, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Guen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, Y. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuckerman, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blacher, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gauba, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serrano, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cropper, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.05.583562</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TREM1 disrupts myeloid bioenergetics and cognitive function in aging and Alzheimer disease models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.09.584244v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inferring allele-specific copy number aberrations and tumor phylogeography from spatially resolved transcriptomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.09.584244v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A key challenge in cancer research is to reconstruct the somatic evolution within a tumor over time and across space. Spatially resolved transcriptomics (SRT) measures gene expression at thousands of spatial locations in a tumor, but does not directly reveal genetic aberrations. We introduce CalicoST, an algorithm to simultaneously infer allele-specific copy number aberrations (CNAs) and a spatial model of tumor evolution from SRT of tumor slices. By modeling CNA-induced perturbations in both total and allele-specific gene expression, CalicoST identifies important types of CNAs - including copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (CNLOH) and mirrored subclonal CNAs- that are invisible to total copy number analysis. On SRT data from nine patients from the Human Tumor Atlas Network (HTAN) with matched whole exome sequencing (WES) data, CalicoST achieves an average accuracy of 86%, approximately 21% higher than existing methods. On two patients with SRT data from multiple adjacent slices, CalicoST reconstructs a tumor phylogeography that describes the spread of cancerous clones in three-dimensional space. CalicoST analysis of multiple SRT slices from a cancerous prostate organ reveals five spatially coherent clones, with mirrored subclonal CNAs distinguishing clones on the two sides of the prostate, forming a bifurcating phylogeography in both genetic and physical space.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ma, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balaban, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raphael, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.09.584244</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inferring allele-specific copy number aberrations and tumor phylogeography from spatially resolved transcriptomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.12.584677v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Aberrant homeodomain-DNA cooperative dimerization underlies distinct developmental defects in two dominant CRX retinopathy models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.12.584677v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Paired-class homeodomain transcription factors (HD TFs) play essential roles in vertebrate development, and their mutations are linked to human diseases. One unique feature of paired-class HD is cooperative dimerization on specific palindrome DNA sequences. Yet, the functional significance of HD cooperative dimerization in animal development and its dysregulation in diseases remain elusive. Using the retinal TF Cone-rod Homeobox (CRX) as a model, we have studied how blindness-causing mutations in the paired HD, p.E80A and p.K88N, alter CRXs cooperative dimerization, lead to gene misexpression and photoreceptor developmental deficits in dominant manners. CRXE80A maintains binding at monomeric WT CRX motifs but is deficient in cooperative binding at dimeric motifs. CRXE80As cooperativity defect impacts the exponential increase of photoreceptor gene expression in terminal differentiation and produces immature, non-functional photoreceptors in the CrxE80A retinas. CRXK88N is highly cooperative and localizes to ectopic genomic sites with strong enrichment of dimeric HD motifs. CRXK88Ns altered biochemical properties disrupt CRXs ability to direct dynamic chromatin remodeling during development to activate photoreceptor differentiation programs and silence progenitor programs. Our study here provides in vitro and in vivo molecular evidence that paired-class HD cooperative dimerization regulates neuronal development and dysregulation of cooperative binding contributes to severe dominant blinding retinopathies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stormo, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.12.584677</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Aberrant homeodomain-DNA cooperative dimerization underlies distinct developmental defects in two dominant CRX retinopathy models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.14.584631v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Early-life stress alters chromatin modifications in VTA to prime stress sensitivity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.14.584631v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Early-life stress increases sensitivity to subsequent stress, which has been observed at behavioral, neural activity, and gene expression levels. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying such long-lasting sensitivity are poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that persistent changes in transcription and transcriptional potential were maintained at the level of the epigenome, through changes in chromatin. We used a combination of bottom-up mass spectrometry, viral-mediated epigenome-editing, RNA-sequencing, patch clamp electrophysiology of dopamine neurons, and behavioral quantification in a mouse model of early-life stress, focusing on the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a dopaminergic brain region critically implicated in motivation, reward learning, stress response, and mood and drug disorders. We found that early-life stress alters histone dynamics in VTA, including enrichment of histone-3 lysine-4 monomethylation -- associated with open chromatin and primed or active enhancers -- and the H3K4 monomethylase Setd7. Mimicking early-life stress through postnatal overexpression of Setd7 and enrichment of H3K4me1 in VTA sensitizes transcriptional, physiological, and behavioral response to adult stress. These findings link early-life stress experience to long-term stress hypersensitivity within the brains dopaminergic circuitry, providing a mechanism by which early-life stress increases risk for mood and anxiety disorders later in life.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Geiger, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balouek, J.-A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farrelly, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nestler, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maze, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pena, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.14.584631</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Early-life stress alters chromatin modifications in VTA to prime stress sensitivity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.14.585107v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
YTHDC1 cooperates with the THO complex to prevent RNA damage-induced DNA breaks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.14.585107v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Certain environmental toxins are nucleic acid damaging agents, as are many chemotherapeutics used for cancer therapy. These agents induce various adducts in DNA as well as RNA. Indeed, most of the nucleic acid adducts (>90%) formed due to these chemicals, such as alkylating agents, occur in RNA1. However, compared to the well-studied mechanisms for DNA alkylation repair, the biological consequences of RNA damage are largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that RNA damage can directly result in loss of genome integrity. Specifically, we show that a human YTH domain-containing protein, YTHDC1, regulates alkylation damage responses in association with the THO complex (THOC)2. In addition to its established binding to N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-containing RNAs, YTHDC1 binds to N1-methyladenosine (m1A)-containing RNAs upon alkylation. In the absence of YTHDC1, alkylation damage results in increased alkylation damage sensitivity and DNA breaks. Such phenotypes are fully attributable to RNA damage, since an RNA-specific dealkylase can rescue these phenotypes. These RNA damage-induced DNA breaks (RDIBs) depend on R-loop formation, which in turn are processed by factors involved in transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair. Strikingly, in the absence of YTHDC1 or THOC, an RNA m1A methyltransferase targeted to the nucleus is sufficient to induce DNA breaks. Our results uncover a unique role for YTHDC1-THOC in base damage responses by preventing RDIBs, providing definitive evidence for how damaged RNAs can impact genomic integrity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tsao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olabode, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodell, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brickner, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, M.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pollina, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mosammaparast, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.14.585107</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[YTHDC1 cooperates with the THO complex to prevent RNA damage-induced DNA breaks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.14.584418v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CD40 is an immune checkpoint regulator that potentiates myocardial inflammation through activation and expansion of CCR2+ macrophages and CD8 T-cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.14.584418v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Novel immune checkpoint therapeutics including CD40 agonists have tremendous promise to elicit antitumor responses in patients resistant to current therapies. Conventional immune checkpoint inhibitors (PD-1/PD-L1, CTLA-4 antagonists) are associated with serious adverse cardiac events including life-threatening myocarditis. However, little is known regarding the potential for CD40 agonists to trigger myocardial inflammation or myocarditis. Here, we leveraged genetic mouse models, single cell sequencing, and cell depletion studies to demonstrate that an anti-CD40 agonist antibody reshapes the cardiac immune landscape through activation of CCR2+ macrophages and subsequent recruitment of effector memory CD8 T-cells. We identify a positive feedback loop between CCR2+ macrophages and CD8 T-cells driven by IL12b, TNF, and IFN-{gamma} signaling that promotes myocardial inflammation and show that prior exposure to CD40 agonists sensitizes the heart to secondary insults and accelerates LV remodeling. Collectively, these findings highlight the potential for CD40 agonists to promote myocardial inflammation and potentiate heart failure pathogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jimenez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amrute, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavine, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.14.584418</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CD40 is an immune checkpoint regulator that potentiates myocardial inflammation through activation and expansion of CCR2+ macrophages and CD8 T-cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.18.585525v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sexual dimorphism and allometry in human scapular morphology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.18.585525v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Scapular morphology is highly variable across the human population and appears to be sexually dimorphic - differing significantly between males and females. However, previous investigations of sexual dimorphism in scapula shape have not considered the effects of allometry (the relationship between size and shape). Disentangling allometry from sexual dimorphism is necessary because apparent sex-based differences in morphology could be due to inherent differences in body size. This study aimed to investigate sexual dimorphism in scapula shape and examine the role of allometry in sex-based variation. We used three-dimensional geometric morphometrics with Procrustes ANOVA to quantify scapula shape variation associated with sex and size in 125 scapulae. Scapular morphology significantly differed between males and females, and males tended to have larger scapulae than females for the same body height. We found that males and females exhibited distinct allometric relationships, and sexually dimorphic shape changes did not align with male- or female-specific allometry. A secondary test revealed that sexual dimorphism in scapula shape persisted between males and females of similar body heights. Overall, our findings indicate that sex-based differences in scapular shape are independent of size-shape relationships. Our results shed light on the potential role of sexual selection in human shoulder evolution, present new hypotheses for biomechanical differences in shoulder function between sexes, and identify relevant traits for improving sex classification accuracy in forensic analyses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawrence, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rainbow, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.18.585525</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sexual dimorphism and allometry in human scapular morphology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.19.585052v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reduced STMN2 and pathogenic TDP-43, two hallmarks of ALS, synergize to accelerate motor decline in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.19.585052v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pathological TDP-43 loss from the nucleus and cytoplasmic aggregation occurs in almost all cases of ALS and half of frontotemporal dementia patients. Stathmin2 (Stmn2) is a key target of TDP-43 regulation and aberrantly spliced Stmn2 mRNA is found in patients with ALS, frontotemporal dementia, and Alzheimers Disease. STMN2 participates in the axon injury response and its depletion in vivo partially replicates ALS-like symptoms including progressive motor deficits and distal NMJ denervation. The interaction between STMN2 loss and TDP-43 dysfunction has not been studied in mice because TDP-43 regulates human but not murine Stmn2 splicing. Therefore, we generated trans-heterozygous mice that lack one functional copy of Stmn2 and express one mutant TDP-43Q331K knock-in allele to investigate whether reduced STMN2 function exacerbates TDP-43-dependent pathology. Indeed, we observe synergy between these two alleles, resulting in an early onset, progressive motor deficit. Surprisingly, this behavioral defect is not accompanied by detectable neuropathology in the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves or at neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). However, the trans-heterozygous mice exhibit abnormal mitochondrial morphology in their distal axons and NMJs. As both STMN2 and TDP-43 affect mitochondrial dynamics, and neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction is a cardinal feature of many neurodegenerative diseases, this abnormality likely contributes to the observed motor deficit. These findings demonstrate that partial loss of STMN2 significantly exacerbates TDP-43-associated phenotypes, suggesting that STMN2 restoration could ameliorate TDP-43 related disease before the onset of degeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Krus, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morales Benitez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strickland, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milbrandt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bloom, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiAntonio, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.19.585052</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reduced STMN2 and pathogenic TDP-43, two hallmarks of ALS, synergize to accelerate motor decline in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.20.586011v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mitochondrial pyruvate transport regulates presynaptic metabolism and neurotransmission 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.20.586011v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glucose has long been considered the primary fuel source for the brain. However, glucose levels fluctuate in the brain during sleep, intense circuit activity, or dietary restrictions, posing significant metabolic stress. Here, we demonstrate that the mammalian brain utilizes pyruvate as a fuel source, and pyruvate can support neuronal viability in the absence of glucose. Nerve terminals are sites of metabolic vulnerability within a neuron and we show that mitochondrial pyruvate uptake is a critical step in oxidative ATP production in hippocampal terminals. We find that the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier is post-translationally modified by lysine acetylation which in turn modulates mitochondrial pyruvate uptake. Importantly, our data reveal that the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier regulates distinct steps in synaptic transmission, namely, the spatiotemporal pattern of synaptic vesicle release and the efficiency of vesicle retrieval, functions that have profound implications for synaptic plasticity. In summary, we identify pyruvate as a potent neuronal fuel and mitochondrial pyruvate uptake as a critical node for the metabolic control of synaptic transmission in hippocampal terminals.

HIGHLIGHTSO_LISerum pyruvate is taken up by the brain and efficiently oxidized in the TCA cycle.
C_LIO_LIThe mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) is essential for presynaptic energy metabolism.
C_LIO_LIAcetylation of the MPC complex modulates mitochondrial pyruvate uptake.
C_LIO_LIMPC activity regulates the release and retrieval of synaptic vesicles in nerve terminals.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tiwari, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myeong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hashemiaghdam, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laramie, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stunault, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>sponagel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shriver, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klyachko, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashrafi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.20.586011</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mitochondrial pyruvate transport regulates presynaptic metabolism and neurotransmission]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.21.585809v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mutational scanning of CRX classifies clinical variants and reveals biochemical properties of the transcriptional effector domain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.21.585809v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cone-Rod Homeobox, encoded by CRX, is a transcription factor (TF) essential for the terminal differentiation and maintenance of mammalian photoreceptors. Structurally, CRX comprises an ordered DNA-binding homeodomain and an intrinsically disordered transcriptional effector domain. Although a handful of human variants in CRX have been shown to cause several different degenerative retinopathies with varying cone and rod predominance, as with most human disease genes the vast majority of observed CRX genetic variants are uncharacterized variants of uncertain significance (VUS). We performed a deep mutational scan (DMS) of nearly all possible single amino acid substitution variants in CRX, using an engineered cell-based transcriptional reporter assay. We measured the ability of each CRX missense variant to transactivate a synthetic fluorescent reporter construct in a pooled fluorescence-activated cell sorting assay and compared the activation strength of each variant to that of wild-type CRX to compute an activity score, identifying thousands of variants with altered transcriptional activity. We calculated a statistical confidence for each activity score derived from multiple independent measurements of each variant marked by unique sequence barcodes, curating a high-confidence list of nearly 2,000 variants with significantly altered transcriptional activity compared to wild-type CRX. We evaluated the performance of the DMS assay as a clinical variant classification tool using gold-standard classified human variants from ClinVar, and determined that activity scores could be used to identify pathogenic variants with high specificity. That this performance could be achieved using a synthetic reporter assay in a foreign cell type, even for a highly cell type-specific TF like CRX, suggests that this approach shows promise for DMS of other TFs that function in cell types that are not easily accessible. Per-position average activity scores closely aligned to a predicted structure of the ordered homeodomain and demonstrated position-specific residue requirements. The intrinsically disordered transcriptional effector domain, by contrast, displayed a qualitatively different pattern of substitution effects, following compositional constraints without specific residue position requirements in the peptide chain. The observed compositional constraints of the effector domain were consistent with the acidic exposure model of transcriptional activation. Together, the results of the CRX DMS identify molecular features of the CRX effector domain and demonstrate clinical utility for variant classification.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shepherdson, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Granas, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shariff, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plassmeyer, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.21.585809</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mutational scanning of CRX classifies clinical variants and reveals biochemical properties of the transcriptional effector domain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.22.583992v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single cell resolution analysis of multi-tissue derived human iNKT cells reveals novel transcriptional paradigms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.22.583992v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are evolutionarily conserved innate lymphocytes important for host defense against pathogens. Further, they are increasingly recognized to play a role in tumor immune surveillance and in protection against graft versus host disease, and they are of particular importance as a universal donor for cellular therapies. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the biology of iNKT cells is critical. Murine studies have revealed the existence of transcriptionally and functionally distinct subsets, similar to T helper cell subsets. However, a comprehensive study of human iNKT cell heterogeneity is lacking. Herein, we define the transcriptomic heterogeneity of human iNKT cells derived from multiple immunologically relevant tissues, including peripheral blood, cord blood, bone marrow, and thymus, using single cell RNA-sequencing. We describe human iNKT cells with a naive/precursor transcriptional pattern, a Th2-like signature, and Th1/17/NK-like gene expression. This combined Th1/17 pattern of gene expression differs from previously described murine iNKT subsets in which Th1- and Th17- like iNKT cells are distinct populations. We also describe transcription factors regulating human iNKT cells with distinct gene expression patterns not previously described in mice. Further, we demonstrate a novel T effector memory RA+ (TEMRA)-like pattern of expression in some human iNKT cells. Additionally, we provide an in-depth transcriptional analysis of human CD8+ iNKT cells, revealing cells with two distinct expression patterns--one consistent with naive/precursor cells and one consistent with Th1/17/NK-like cells. Collectively, our data provide critical insights into the transcriptional heterogeneity of human iNKT cells, providing a platform to facilitate future functional studies and to inform the development of iNKT-based cellular therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jayasinghe, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hollingsworth, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boonchalermvichian, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dejene, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weinberg, K. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Negrin, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mavers, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.22.583992</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single cell resolution analysis of multi-tissue derived human iNKT cells reveals novel transcriptional paradigms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.24.586365v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Does Vibrotactile Stimulation of the Auricular Vagus Nerve Enhance Working Memory? A Behavioral and Physiological Investigation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.24.586365v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundWorking memory is essential to a wide range of cognitive functions and activities. Transcutaneous auricular VNS (taVNS) is a promising method to improve working memory performance. However, the feasibility and scalability of electrical stimulation are constrained by several limitations, such as auricular discomfort and inconsistent electrical contact.

ObjectiveWe aimed to develop a novel and practical method, vibrotactile taVNS, to improve working memory. Further, we investigated its effects on arousal, measured by skin conductance and pupil diameter.

MethodThis study included 20 healthy participants. Behavioral response, skin conductance, and eye tracking data were concurrently recorded while the participants performed N-back tasks under three conditions: vibrotactile taVNS delivered to the cymba concha, earlobe (sham control), and no stimulation (baseline control).

ResultsIn 4-back tasks, which demand maximal working memory capacity, active vibrotactile taVNS significantly improved the performance metric d compared to the baseline but not to the sham. Moreover, we found that the reduction rate of d with increasing task difficulty was significantly smaller during vibrotactile taVNS sessions than in both baseline and sham conditions. Arousal, measured as skin conductance and pupil diameter, declined over the course of the tasks. Vibrotactile taVNS rescued this arousal decline, leading to arousal levels corresponding to optimal working memory levels. Moreover, pupil diameter and skin conductance level were higher during high-cognitive-load tasks when vibrotactile taVNS was delivered to the concha compared to baseline and sham.

ConclusionOur findings suggest that vibrotactile taVNS modulates the arousal pathway and could be a potential intervention for enhancing working memory.

HighlightsO_LIVibrotactile stimulation of the auricular vagus nerve increases general arousal.
C_LIO_LIVibrotactile stimulation of the auricular vagus nerve mitigates arousal decreases as subjects continuously perform working memory tasks.
C_LIO_LI6 Hz Vibrotactile auricular vagus nerve stimulation is a potential intervention for enhancing working memory performance.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donovan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demarest, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willie, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunner, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leuthardt, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.24.586365</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Does Vibrotactile Stimulation of the Auricular Vagus Nerve Enhance Working Memory? A Behavioral and Physiological Investigation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.24.586510v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-Molecule Orientation Imaging Reveals the Nano-Architecture of Amyloid Fibrils Undergoing Growth and Decay 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.24.586510v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Amyloid-beta (A{beta}42) aggregates are characteristic signatures of Alzheimers disease, but probing how their nanoscale architectures influence their growth and decay remains challenging using current technologies. Here, we apply time-lapse single-molecule orientation-localization microscopy (SMOLM) to measure the orientations and rotational "wobble" of Nile blue (NB) molecules transiently binding to A{beta}42 fibrils. We quantify correlations between fibril architectures, measured by SMOLM, and their growth and decay visualized by single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM). We discover that stable A{beta}42 fibrils tend to be well-ordered, signified by well-aligned NB orientations and small wobble. SMOLM also shows that increasing order and disorder are signatures of growing and decaying A{beta}42 fibrils, respectively. We also observe SMLM-invisible fibril remodeling, including steady growth and decay patterns that conserve {beta}-sheet organization. SMOLM reveals that increased heterogeneity in fibril architectures is correlated with more dynamic remodeling and that large-scale fibril remodeling tends to originate from local regions that exhibit strong heterogeneity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porter, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lew, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.24.586510</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-Molecule Orientation Imaging Reveals the Nano-Architecture of Amyloid Fibrils Undergoing Growth and Decay]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.25.584801v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Higher amplitudes of visual networks are associated with trait but not state- depression. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.25.584801v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite depression being a leading cause of global disability, neuroimaging studies have struggled to identify replicable neural correlates of depression or explain limited variance. This challenge may, in part, stem from the intertwined state (current symptoms; variable) and trait (general propensity; stable) experiences of depression.

Here, we sought to disentangle state from trait experiences of depression by leveraging a longitudinal cohort and stratifying individuals into four groups: those in remission ( trait depression group), those with large longitudinal severity changes in depression symptomatology ( state depression group), and their respective matched control groups (total analytic n=1,030). We hypothesized that spatial network organization would be linked to trait depression due to its temporal stability, whereas functional connectivity between networks would be more sensitive to state-dependent depression symptoms due to its capacity to fluctuate.

We identified 15 large-scale probabilistic functional networks from resting-state fMRI data and performed group comparisons on the amplitude, connectivity, and spatial overlap between these networks, using matched control participants as reference. Our findings revealed higher amplitude in visual networks for the trait depression group at the time of remission, in contrast to controls. This observation may suggest altered visual processing in individuals predisposed to developing depression over time. No significant group differences were observed in any other network measures for the trait-control comparison, nor in any measures for the state-control comparison. These results underscore the overlooked contribution of visual networks to the psychopathology of depression and provide evidence for distinct neural correlates between state and trait experiences of depression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dutt, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lew, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barch, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bijsterbosch, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.25.584801</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Higher amplitudes of visual networks are associated with trait but not state- depression.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.25.586604v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A role for δ subunit-containing GABA-A receptors on parvalbumin positive neurons in maintaining electrocortical signatures of sleep states 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.25.586604v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
GABAA receptors containing {delta} subunits have been shown to mediate tonic/slow inhibition in the CNS. These receptors are typically found extrasynaptically and are activated by relatively low levels of ambient GABA in the extracellular space. In the mouse neocortex, {delta} subunits are expressed on the surface of some pyramidal cells as well as on parvalbumin positive (PV+) interneurons. An important function of PV+ interneurons is the organization of coordinated network activity that can be measured by EEG; however, it remains unclear what role tonic/slow inhibitory control of PV+ neurons may play in shaping oscillatory activity. After confirming a loss of functional {delta} mediated tonic currents in PV cells in cortical slices from mice lacking Gabrd in PV+ neurons (PV {delta}cKO), we performed EEG recordings to survey network activity across wake and sleep states. PV {delta}cKO mice showed altered spectral content of EEG during NREM and REM sleep that was a result of increased oscillatory activity in NREM and the emergence of transient high amplitude bursts of theta frequency activity during REM. Viral reintroduction of Gabrd to PV+ interneurons in PV {delta}cKO mice rescued REM EEG phenotypes, supporting an important role for {delta} subunit mediated inhibition of PV+ interneurons for maintaining normal REM cortical oscillations.

Significance statementThe impact on cortical EEG of inhibition on PV+ neurons was studied by deleting a GABAA receptor subunit selectively from these neurons. We discovered unexpected changes at low frequencies during sleep that were rescued by viral reintroduction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lambert, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salvatore, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shu, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rensing, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuede, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zorumski, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mennerick, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.25.586604</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A role for δ subunit-containing GABA-A receptors on parvalbumin positive neurons in maintaining electrocortical signatures of sleep states]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.25.586610v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Associations between parenting and cognitive and language abilities at age 2 depend on prenatal exposure to disadvantage 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.25.586610v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveTo investigate whether parenting and/or neonatal brain volumes mediate the associations between prenatal social disadvantage (PSD) and cognitive/language abilities; and whether these mechanisms vary by level of disadvantage.

Study DesignPregnant women were recruited from obstetric clinics in St Louis, Missouri. PSD encompassed access to social (e.g., education) and material (e.g., income-to-needs, health insurance, area deprivation, and nutrition) resources during pregnancy. Neonates underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging. Mother-child dyads (N=202) returned at age 1 for parenting measures and at age 2 for cognition/language assessments (Bayley-III). Generalized additive and mediation models tested hypotheses.

ResultsGreater PSD was nonlinearly associated with poorer cognitive/language scores. The relation between parenting and cognition/language was moderated by PSD, such that supportive and non-supportive parenting behaviors only related to cognition/language in children with low PSD. Further, parenting mediations differed by level of PSD, such that both supportive and non-supportive parenting mediated PSD-cognition/language associations in children with low PSD, but not in children with high PSD. PSD-associated reductions in neonatal subcortical grey matter ({beta}=.19, q=.03), white matter ({beta}=.23, q=.02), and total brain volume ({beta}=.18, q=.03) were associated with lower cognition, but they did not mediate PSD-cognition associations.

ConclusionsParenting moderates and mediates associations between PSD and early cognitive and language development, but only in families with lower levels of social disadvantage. These findings, while correlational, suggest that there may be a critical threshold of disadvantage, below which mediating or moderating factors become less effective, highlighting the importance of reducing disadvantage as primary prevention.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Leverett, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brady, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tooley, U. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lean, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tillman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruscitti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Triplett, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>alexopoulos, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerstein, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smyser, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warner, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luby, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smyser, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barch, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.25.586610</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Associations between parenting and cognitive and language abilities at age 2 depend on prenatal exposure to disadvantage]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.26.586882v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Emergent predictability in microbial ecosystems 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.26.586882v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbial ecosystems exhibit a surprising amount of functionally relevant diversity at all levels of taxonomic resolution, presenting a significant challenge for most modeling frameworks. A long-standing hope of theoretical ecology is that some patterns might persist despite community complexity - or perhaps even emerge because of it. A deeper understanding of such "emergent simplicity" could enable new approaches for predicting the behaviors of the complex ecosystems in nature. However, the concept remains partly intuitive with no consistent definition, and most empirical examples described so far afford limited predictive power. Here, we propose an information-theoretic framework for defining and quantifying emergent simplicity in empirical data based on the ability of coarsened descriptions to predict community-level functional properties. Applying this framework to two published datasets, we demonstrate that all five properties measured across both experiments exhibit robust evidence of what we define as "emergent predictability": surprisingly, as community richness increases, simple compositional descriptions become more predictive. We show that standard theoretical models of high-diversity ecosystems fail to recapitulate this behavior. This is in contrast to simple self-averaging, which is well-understood and generic across models. We propose that, counterintuitively, emergent predictability arises when physiological or environmental feedbacks oppose statistical self-averaging along some axes of community variation. As a result, these axes of variation become increasingly predictive of community function at high richness. We demonstrate this mechanism in a minimal model, and argue that explaining and leveraging emergent predictability will require integrating large-N theoretical models with a minimal notion of physiology, which the dominant modeling frameworks currently omit.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moran, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tikhonov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.26.586882</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Emergent predictability in microbial ecosystems]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.28.587234v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Wrapping of single-stranded DNA by Replication Protein A and modulation through phosphorylation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.28.587234v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) intermediates, which emerge during DNA metabolic processes are shielded by Replication Protein A (RPA). RPA binds to ssDNA and acts as a gatekeeper, directing the ssDNA towards downstream DNA metabolic pathways with exceptional specificity. Understanding the mechanistic basis for such RPA-dependent specificity requires a comprehensive understanding of the structural conformation of ssDNA when bound to RPA. Previous studies suggested a stretching of ssDNA by RPA. However, structural investigations uncovered a partial wrapping of ssDNA around RPA. Therefore, to reconcile the models, in this study, we measured the end-to-end distances of free ssDNA and RPA-ssDNA complexes using single-molecule FRET and Double Electron-Electron Resonance (DEER) spectroscopy and found only a small systematic increase in the end-to-end distance of ssDNA upon RPA binding. This change does not align with a linear stretching model but rather supports partial wrapping of ssDNA around the contour of DNA binding domains of RPA. Furthermore, we reveal how phosphorylation at the key Ser-384 site in the RPA70 subunit provides access to the wrapped ssDNA by remodeling the DNA-binding domains. These findings establish a precise structural model for RPA-bound ssDNA, providing valuable insights into how RPA facilitates the remodeling of ssDNA for subsequent downstream processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chadda, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaushik, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmad, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deveryshetty, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sigurdsson, S. T. d.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bothner, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dastvan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Origanti, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antony, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.28.587234</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Wrapping of single-stranded DNA by Replication Protein A and modulation through phosphorylation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.27.586986v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Energy-ordered resource stratification as an agnostic signature of life 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.27.586986v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The search for extraterrestrial life hinges on identifying biosignatures, often focusing on gaseous metabolic byproducts as indicators. However, most such biosignatures require assuming specific metabolic processes. It is widely recognized that life on other planets may not resemble that of Earth, but identifying biosignatures "agnostic" to such assumptions has remained a challenge. Here, we propose a novel approach by considering the generic outcome of life: the formation of competing ecosystems. We use a minimal model to argue that the presence of ecosystem-level dynamics, characterized by ecological interactions and resource competition, may yield biosignatures independent of specific metabolic activities. Specifically, we propose the emergent stratification of chemical resources in order of decreasing energy content as a candidate new biosignature. While likely inaccessible to remote sensing, this signature could be relevant for sample return missions, or for detection of ancient signatures of life on Earth itself.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Goyal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tikhonov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.27.586986</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Energy-ordered resource stratification as an agnostic signature of life]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.27.587006v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human chorionic gonadotropin decreases cerebral cystic encephalomalacia and parvalbumin interneuron degeneration in a pro-inflammatory model of mouse neonatal hypoxia-ischemia. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.27.587006v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The pregnancy hormone, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is an immunoregulatory and neurotrophic glycoprotein of potential clinical utility in the neonate at risk for cerebral injury. Despite its well-known role in its ability to modulate the innate immune response during pregnancy, hCG has not been demonstrated to affect the pro-degenerative actions of inflammation in neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI). Here we utilize a neonatal mouse model of mild HI combined with intraperitoneal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to evaluate the neuroprotective actions of hCG in the setting of endotoxin-mediated systemic inflammation. Intraperitoneal treatment of hCG shortly prior to LPS injection significantly decreased tissue loss and cystic degeneration in the hippocampal and cerebral cortex in the term-equivalent neonatal mouse exposed to mild HI. Noting that parvalbumin immunoreactive interneurons have been broadly implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders, it is notable that hCG significantly improved the injury-mediated reduction of these neurons in the cerebral cortex, striatum and hippocampus. The above findings were associated with a decrease in the amount of Iba1 immunoreactive microglia in most of these brain regions. These observations implicate hCG as an agent capable of improving the neurological morbidity associated with peripheral inflammation in the neonate affected by HI. Future preclinical studies should aim at demonstrating added neuroprotective benefit by hCG in the context of therapeutic hypothermia and further exploring the mechanisms responsible for this effect. This research is likely to advance the therapeutic role of gonadotropins as a treatment for neonates with neonatal brain injury.

Key pointsO_LIIntraperitoneal administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) decreases lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-augmented hypoxic-ischemic neurodegeneration in the term-equivalent mouse neonate
C_LIO_LIPretreatment with hCG reduces LPS-mediated cystic encephalomalacia of the cerebral cortex and ameliorates hippocampal tissue loss after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI)
C_LIO_LIhCG decreases LPS+HI-mediated parvalbumin immunoreactive interneuron loss in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and dorsal striatum.
C_LIO_LIhCG decreases LPS+HI-augmented microglial Iba1 immunoreactivity in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Galindo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aravamuthan, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crider, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.27.587006</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human chorionic gonadotropin decreases cerebral cystic encephalomalacia and parvalbumin interneuron degeneration in a pro-inflammatory model of mouse neonatal hypoxia-ischemia.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.29.587276v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GABAergic interneurons contribute to the fatal seizure phenotype of CLN2 disease mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.29.587276v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
GABAergic interneuron deficits have been implicated in the epileptogenesis of multiple neurological diseases. While epileptic seizures are a key clinical hallmark of CLN2 disease, a childhood-onset neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of tripeptidyl peptidase 1 (TPP1), the etiology of these seizures remains elusive. Given that Cln2R207X/R207X mice display fatal spontaneous seizures and an early loss of several cortical interneuron populations, we hypothesized that those two events might be causally related. To address this hypothesis, we first generated an inducible transgenic mouse expressing lysosomal membrane-tethered TPP1 (TPP1LAMP1) on the Cln2R207X/R207X genetic background to study the cell-autonomous effects of cell-type-specific TPP1 deficiency. We crossed the TPP1LAMP1 mice with Vgat-Cre mice to introduce interneuron-specific TPP1 deficiency. Vgat-Cre; TPP1LAMP1 mice displayed storage material accumulation in several interneuron populations both in cortex and striatum, and increased susceptibility to die after PTZ-induced seizures. Secondly, to test the role of GABAergic interneuron activity in seizure progression, we selectively activated these cells in Cln2R207X/R207X mice using Designer Receptor Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) in in Vgat-Cre: Cln2R207X/R207X mice. EEG monitoring revealed that DREADD-mediated activation of interneurons via chronic deschloroclozapine administration accelerated the onset of spontaneous seizures and seizure-associated death in Vgat-Cre: Cln2R207X/R207X mice, suggesting that modulating interneuron activity can exert influence over epileptiform abnormalities in CLN2 disease. Taken together, these results provide new mechanistic insights into the underlying etiology of seizures and premature death that characterize CLN2 disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Takahashi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rensing, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eultgen, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelvagal, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, S. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doray, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickson, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sands, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.29.587276</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GABAergic interneurons contribute to the fatal seizure phenotype of CLN2 disease mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.29.587306v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Premeiotic 24-nt phasiRNAs are present in the Zea genus and unique in biogenesis mechanism and molecular function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.29.587306v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Reproductive phasiRNAs are broadly present in angiosperms and play crucial roles in sustaining male fertility. While the premeiotic 21-nt phasiRNAs and meiotic 24-nt phasiRNA pathways have been extensively studied in maize (Zea mays) and rice (Oryza sativa), a third putative category of reproductive phasiRNAs-named premeiotic 24-nt phasiRNAs-have recently been reported in barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wheat (Triticum aestivum). To determine whether premeiotic 24-nt phasiRNAs are also present in maize and related species and begin to characterize their biogenesis and function, we performed a comparative transcriptome and degradome analysis of premeiotic and meiotic anthers from five maize inbred lines and three teosinte species/subspecies. Our data indicate that a substantial subset of the 24-nt phasiRNA loci in maize and teosinte are already highly expressed at premeiotic phase. The premeiotic 24-nt phasiRNAs are similar to meiotic 24-nt phasiRNAs in genomic origin and dependence on DCL5 for biogenesis, however, premeiotic 24-nt phasiRNAs are unique in that they are likely (i) not triggered by microRNAs, (ii) not loaded by AGO18 proteins, and (iii) not capable of mediating cis-cleavage. In addition, we also observed a group of premeiotic 24-nt phasiRNAs in rice using previously published data.

Together, our results indicate that the premeiotic 24-nt phasiRNAs constitute a unique class of reproductive phasiRNAs and are present more broadly in the grass family (Poaceae) than previously known.

SIGNIFICANCEWe previously reported two classes of reproductive phasiRNAs in maize, the premeiotic 21-nt phasiRNAs and the meiotic 24-nt phasiRNAs. Here we report a third class of reproductive phasiRNAs - premeiotic 24-nt phasiRNAs - that are present in the Zea genus, including all five maize inbred lines and three teosinte species/subspecies that we examined, plus rice.

We show that in the Zea genus the premeiotic 24-nt phasiRNAs are distinct from the meiotic 24-nt phasiRNAs in triggering mechanism, effector protein, and molecular function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belanger, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGregor, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beric, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schon, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nodine, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyers, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.29.587306</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Premeiotic 24-nt phasiRNAs are present in the Zea genus and unique in biogenesis mechanism and molecular function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.01.587559v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regulation of angiogenesis by endocytic trafficking mediated by cytoplasmic dynein 1 light intermediate chain 1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.01.587559v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dynein cytoplasmic 1 light intermediate chain 1 (LIC1, DYNC1LI1) is a core subunit of the dynein motor complex. The LIC1 subunit also interacts with various cargo adaptors to regulate Rab-mediated endosomal recycling and lysosomal degradation. Defects in this gene are predicted to alter dynein motor function, Rab binding capabilities, and cytoplasmic cargo trafficking. Here, we have identified a dync1li1 zebrafish mutant, harboring a premature stop codon at the exon 12/13 splice acceptor site, that displays increased angiogenesis. In vitro, LIC1-deficient human endothelial cells display increases in cell surface levels of the pro-angiogenic receptor VEGFR2, SRC phosphorylation, and Rab11-mediated endosomal recycling. In vivo, endothelial-specific expression of constitutively active Rab11a leads to excessive angiogenesis, similar to the dync1li1 mutants. Increased angiogenesis is also evident in zebrafish harboring mutations in rilpl1/2, the adaptor proteins that promote Rab docking to Lic1 to mediate lysosomal targeting. These findings suggest that LIC1 and the Rab-adaptor proteins RILPL1 and 2 restrict angiogenesis by promoting degradation of VEGFR2-containing recycling endosomes. Disruption of LIC1- and RILPL1/2-mediated lysosomal targeting increases Rab11-mediated recycling endosome activity, promoting excessive SRC signaling and angiogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Johnson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colijn, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yano, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burns, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, V. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saric, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castranova, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujita, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grainger, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonifacino, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weinstein, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stratman, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.01.587559</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regulation of angiogenesis by endocytic trafficking mediated by cytoplasmic dynein 1 light intermediate chain 1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.02.587857v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic editing of primary human dorsal root ganglion neurons using CRISPR-Cas9 with functional confirmation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.02.587857v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CRISPR-Cas9 editing is now the leading method for genome editing and is being advanced for the treatment of human disease. CRIPSR editing could have many applications for treatment of neurological diseases, including pain but traditional viral vector delivery approaches have neurotoxicity limiting their use. Overcoming these issues could open the door for genome editing treatments for diseases like intractable pain where the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) would be the desired target. To this end, we describe a simple method for viral-vector-independent transfection of primary human DRG (hDRG) neurons for CRISPR-Cas9 editing. As proof of principle, we edited TRPV1, NTSR2, and CACNA1E using a lipofection method with CRISPR-Cas9 plasmids containing reporter tags (GFP or mCherry). Transfection was successful as demonstrated by the expression of the reporters as early as two days in vitro. CRISPR-Cas9 editing was confirmed at the genome level with insertion and deletion detection system T7-endonuclease-I assay; protein level with immunocytochemistry and Western blot; and functional level through capsaicin-induced Ca2+ accumulation in a high-throughput compatible fluorescent imaging plate reader (FLIPR) system. This work establishes a reliable, target specific, non-viral CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genetic editing in primary human neurons with potential for future clinical application for intractable pain.

TeaserWe describe a non-viral transfection method for CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing in human dorsal root ganglion neurons.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Palomino, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabriel, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mwirigi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cervantes, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horton, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Funk, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moutal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khanna, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Price, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patwardhan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.02.587857</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic editing of primary human dorsal root ganglion neurons using CRISPR-Cas9 with functional confirmation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.05.588051v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ipsilateral or contralateral boosting of mice with mRNA vaccines confers equivalent immunity and protection against a SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.05.588051v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Boosting with mRNA vaccines encoding variant-matched spike proteins has been implemented to mitigate their reduced efficacy against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Nonetheless, in humans, it remains unclear whether boosting in the ipsilateral or contralateral arm with respect to the priming doses impacts immunity and protection. Here, we boosted K18-hACE2 mice with either monovalent mRNA-1273 (Wuhan-1 spike) or bivalent mRNA-1273.214 (Wuhan-1 + BA.1 spike) vaccine in the ipsilateral or contralateral leg relative to a two-dose priming series with mRNA-1273. Boosting in the ipsilateral or contralateral leg elicited equivalent levels of serum IgG and neutralizing antibody responses against Wuhan-1 and BA.1. While contralateral boosting with mRNA vaccines resulted in expansion of spike-specific B and T cells beyond the ipsilateral draining lymph node (DLN) to the contralateral DLN, administration of a third mRNA vaccine dose at either site resulted in similar levels of antigen-specific germinal center B cells, plasmablasts/plasma cells, T follicular helper cells and CD8+ T cells in the DLNs and the spleen. Furthermore, ipsilateral and contralateral boosting with mRNA-1273 or mRNA-1273.214 vaccines conferred similar homologous or heterologous immune protection against SARS-CoV-2 BA.1 virus challenge with equivalent reductions in viral RNA and infectious virus in the nasal turbinates and lungs. Collectively, our data show limited differences in B and T cell immune responses after ipsilateral and contralateral site boosting by mRNA vaccines that do not substantively impact protection against an Omicron strain.

IMPORTANCESequential boosting with mRNA vaccines has been effective strategy to overcome waning immunity and neutralization escape by emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. However, it remains unclear how the site of boosting relative to the primary vaccination series shapes optimal immune responses or breadth of protection against variants. In K18-hACE2 transgenic mice, we observed that boosting with historical monovalent or variant-matched bivalent vaccines in the ipsilateral or contralateral limb elicited comparable levels of serum spike specific antibody and antigen-specific B and T cells responses. Moreover, boosting on either side conferred equivalent protection against a SARS-CoV-2 Omicron challenge strain. Our data in mice suggest that the site of boosting with an mRNA vaccine does not substantially impact immunity or protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ying, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desai, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheaffer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elbashir, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thackray, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamond, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.05.588051</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ipsilateral or contralateral boosting of mice with mRNA vaccines confers equivalent immunity and protection against a SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.06.588168v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell image-based genetic screens systematically identify regulators of Ebola virus subcellular infection dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.06.588168v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ebola virus (EBOV) is a high-consequence filovirus that gives rise to frequent epidemics with high case fatality rates and few therapeutic options. Here, we applied image-based screening of a genome-wide CRISPR library to systematically identify host cell regulators of Ebola virus infection in 39,085,093 million single cells. Measuring viral RNA and protein levels together with their localization in cells identified over 998 related host factors and provided detailed information about the role of each gene across the virus replication cycle. We trained a deep learning model on single-cell images to associate each host factor with predicted replication steps, and confirmed the predicted relationship for select host factors. Among the findings, we showed that the mitochondrial complex III subunit UQCRB is a post-entry regulator of Ebola virus RNA replication, and demonstrated that UQCRB inhibition with a small molecule reduced overall Ebola virus infection with an IC50 of 5 M. Using a random forest model, we also identified perturbations that reduced infection by disrupting the equilibrium between viral RNA and protein. One such protein, STRAP, is a spliceosome-associated factor that was found to be closely associated with VP35, a viral protein required for RNA processing. Loss of STRAP expression resulted in a reduction in full-length viral genome production and subsequent production of non-infectious virus particles. Overall, the data produced in this genome-wide high-content single-cell screen and secondary screens in additional cell lines and related filoviruses (MARV and SUDV) revealed new insights about the role of host factors in virus replication and potential new targets for therapeutic intervention.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Carlson, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patten, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stefanakis, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soong, B. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radhakrishnan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thakur, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amarasinghe, G. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hacohen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basler, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leung, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uhler, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davey, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blainey, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.06.588168</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell image-based genetic screens systematically identify regulators of Ebola virus subcellular infection dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.10.588924v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microglia drive diurnal variation in susceptibility to inflammatory blood-brain barrier breakdown 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.10.588924v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is critical for maintaining brain homeostasis but is susceptible to inflammatory dysfunction. Permeability of the BBB to lipophilic molecules shows circadian variation due to rhythmic transporter expression, while basal permeability to polar molecules is non-rhythmic. Whether daily timing influences BBB permeability in response to inflammation is unknown. Here, we induced systemic inflammation through repeated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injections either in the morning (ZT1) or evening (ZT13) under standard lighting conditions, then examined BBB permeability to a polar molecule, sodium fluorescein. We observed clear diurnal variation in inflammatory BBB permeability, with a striking increase in paracellular leak across the BBB specifically following evening LPS injection. Evening LPS led to persisting glia activation and inflammation in the brain that was not observed in the periphery. The exaggerated evening neuroinflammation and BBB disruption were suppressed by microglial depletion or through keeping mice in constant darkness. Our data show that diurnal rhythms in microglial inflammatory responses to LPS drive daily variability in BBB breakdown and reveals time-of-day as a key regulator of inflammatory BBB disruption.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lawrence, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nadarajah, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daneman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Musiek, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.10.588924</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microglia drive diurnal variation in susceptibility to inflammatory blood-brain barrier breakdown]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.12.589211v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A single-nucleus RNA sequencing atlas of the postnatal retina of the shark Scyliorhinus canicula 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.12.589211v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The retina, whose basic cellular structure is highly conserved across vertebrates, constitutes an accessible system for studying the central nervous system. In recent years, single-cell RNA-sequencing studies have uncovered cellular diversity in the retina of a variety of species, providing new insights on retinal evolution and development. However, similar data in cartilaginous fishes, the sister group to all other extant jawed vertebrates, are still lacking. Here, we present a single-nucleus RNA-sequencing atlas of the postnatal retina of the catshark Scyliorhinus canicula, consisting of the expression profiles for 17,438 individual cells from three female, juvenile catshark specimens. Unsupervised clustering revealed 22 distinct cell types comprising all major retinal cell classes, as well as retinal progenitor cells (whose presence reflects the persistence of proliferative activity in postnatal stages in sharks) and oligodendrocytes. Thus, our dataset serves as a foundation for further studies on the development and function of the catshark retina. Moreover, integration of our atlas with data from other species will allow for a better understanding of vertebrate retinal evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vidal-Vazquez, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez-Nunez, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carballo-Pacoret, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salisbury, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villamayor, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hervas-Sotomayor, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamanna, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneider, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaessmann, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adrio, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robledo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barreiro-Iglesias, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Candal, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.12.589211</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A single-nucleus RNA sequencing atlas of the postnatal retina of the shark Scyliorhinus canicula]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.15.589555v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Opaque Ontology: Neuroimaging Classification of ICD-10 Diagnostic Groups in the UK Biobank 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.15.589555v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe use of machine learning to classify diagnostic cases versus controls defined based on diagnostic ontologies such as the ICD-10 from neuroimaging features is now commonplace across a wide range of diagnostic fields. However, transdiagnostic comparisons of such classifications are lacking. Such transdiagnostic comparisons are important to establish the specificity of classification models, set benchmarks, and assess the value of diagnostic ontologies.

ResultsWe investigated case-control classification accuracy in 17 different ICD-10 diagnostic groups from Chapter V (mental and behavioral disorders) and Chapter VI (diseases of the nervous system) using data from the UK Biobank. Classification models were trained using either neuroimaging (structural or functional brain MRI feature sets) or socio-demographic features. Random forest classification models were adopted using rigorous shuffle splits to estimate stability as well as accuracy of case-control classifications. Diagnostic classification accuracies were benchmarked against age classification (oldest versus youngest) from the same feature sets and against additional classifier types (K-nearest neighbors and linear support vector machine). In contrast to age classification accuracy, which was high for all feature sets, few ICD-10 diagnostic groups were classified significantly above chance (namely, demyelinating diseases based on structural neuroimaging features, and depression based on socio-demographic and functional neuroimaging features).

ConclusionThese findings highlight challenges with the current disease classification system, leading us to recommend caution with the use of ICD-10 diagnostic groups as target labels in brain-based disease prediction studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Easley, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hannon, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lenzini, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bijsterbosch, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.15.589555</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Opaque Ontology: Neuroimaging Classification of ICD-10 Diagnostic Groups in the UK Biobank]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.19.590208v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A delta-tubulin/epsilon-tubulin/Ted protein complex is required for centriole architecture 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.19.590208v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Centrioles have a unique, conserved architecture formed by three linked "triplet" microtubules arranged in nine-fold symmetry. The mechanisms by which these triplet microtubules are formed are not understood and likely involve the noncanonical tubulins delta-tubulin and epsilon-tubulin. Previously, we found that human cells deficient in delta-tubulin or epsilon-tubulin form abnormal centrioles, characterized by an absence of triplet microtubules, lack of central core protein POC5, and a futile cycle of centriole formation and disintegration (Wang et al., 2017). Here, we show that human cells lacking either of the associated proteins TEDC1 and TEDC2 have these same phenotypes. Using ultrastructure expansion microscopy, we find that mutant centrioles elongate to the same length as control centrioles in G2-phase. These mutants fail to recruit inner scaffold proteins of the central core and have an expanded proximal region. During mitosis, the mutant centrioles elongate further before fragmenting and disintegrating. All four proteins physically interact and TEDC1 and TEDC2 are capable forming a subcomplex in the absence of the tubulins. These results support an AlphaFold Multimer model of the tetramer in which delta-tubulin and epsilon-tubulin are predicted to form a heterodimer. TEDC1 and TEDC2 localize to centrosomes and are mutually dependent on each other and on delta-tubulin and epsilon-tubulin for localization. Our results demonstrate that delta-tubulin, epsilon-tubulin, TEDC1, and TEDC2 function together to promote robust centriole architecture. This work also lays the groundwork for future molecular studies of this complex, providing a basis for determining the mechanisms that underlie the assembly and interplay between the triplet microtubules and inner centriole structure.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pudlowski, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milenkovic, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hemsworth, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stearns, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.19.590208</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A delta-tubulin/epsilon-tubulin/Ted protein complex is required for centriole architecture]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.18.584138v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptional Variabilities in Human hiPSC-derived Cardiomyocytes: All Genes Are Not Equal and Their Robustness May Foretell Donor's Disease Susceptibility 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.18.584138v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are frequently used to study disease-associated variations. We characterized transcriptional variability from a hiPSC-derived cardiomyocyte (hiPSC-CM) study of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) using donor samples from the HyperGEN study. Multiple hiPSC-CM differentiations over reprogramming events (iPSC generation) across 7 donors were used to assess variabilities from reprogramming, differentiation, and donor LVH status. Variability arising from pathological alterations was assessed using a cardiac stimulant applied to the hiPSC-CMs to trigger hypertrophic responses. We found that for most genes (73.3%[~]85.5%), technical variability was smaller than biological variability. Further, we identified and characterized lists of "noise" genes showing greater technical variability and "signal" genes showing greater biological variability. Together, they support a "genetic robustness" hypothesis of disease-modeling whereby cellular response to relevant stimuli in hiPSC-derived somatic cells from diseased donors tends to show more transcriptional variability. Our findings suggest that hiPSC-CMs can provide a valid model for cardiac hypertrophy and distinguish between technical and disease-relevant transcriptional changes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gu, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matter, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aggarwal, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunt, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnett, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kattman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Broeckel, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.18.584138</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptional Variabilities in Human hiPSC-derived Cardiomyocytes: All Genes Are Not Equal and Their Robustness May Foretell Donor's Disease Susceptibility]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.23.590767v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RAG suppresses group 2 innate lymphoid cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.23.590767v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Antigen specificity is the central trait distinguishing adaptive from innate immune function. Assembly of antigen-specific T cell and B cell receptors occurs through V(D)J recombination mediated by the Recombinase Activating Gene endonucleases RAG1 and RAG2 (collectively called RAG). In the absence of RAG, mature T and B cells do not develop and thus RAG is critically associated with adaptive immune function. In addition to adaptive T helper 2 (Th2) cells, group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) contribute to type 2 immune responses by producing cytokines like Interleukin-5 (IL-5) and IL-13. Although it has been reported that RAG expression modulates the function of innate natural killer (NK) cells, whether other innate immune cells such as ILC2s are affected by RAG remains unclear. We find that in RAG-deficient mice, ILC2 populations expand and produce increased IL-5 and IL-13 at steady state and contribute to increased inflammation in atopic dermatitis (AD)-like disease. Further, we show that RAG modulates ILC2 function in a cell-intrinsic manner independent of the absence or presence of adaptive T and B lymphocytes. Lastly, employing multiomic single cell analyses of RAG1 lineage-traced cells, we identify key transcriptional and epigenomic ILC2 functional programs that are suppressed by a history of RAG expression. Collectively, our data reveal a novel role for RAG in modulating innate type 2 immunity through suppression of ILC2s.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ver Heul, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mack, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zamidar, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamari, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, T.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janzen-Meza, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Dyken, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, C.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karo, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.23.590767</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RAG suppresses group 2 innate lymphoid cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.24.590797v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pervasive but lagged responses in the composition of small mammal communities to a century of climate change 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.24.590797v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Climate change has widespread effects on the distribution, abundance, and behavior of species around the world, leading to the reshuffling of ecological communities. However, it remains unclear whether individual species range shifts scale up to result in communities whose rate of change lag, lead, or track the rate of climate change. We capitalized on a century-old data set originally collected by Joseph Grinnell and his students, plus modern resurveys, to measure long-term compositional responses of small mammal communities to climate change in historical and modern eras across three regions in the Sierra Nevada of California (Lassen, Yosemite, and Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks). Across this period, mean annual temperature in each region increased and mean annual precipitation decreased. We tested whether small mammal communities have shifted their composition in favor of species more adapted to hot and dry conditions, processes known as thermophilization and mesophilization respectively. We found positive thermophilization rates (communities composed of more warm-adapted species) in all three regions and negative mesophilization rates (communities composed of dry-adapted species) in one of the three regions. Importantly, thermophilization and mesophilization rates lagged behind corresponding rates of climate change on average by 0.90-1.2 {degrees}C and 26.5-111.0 mm, but the magnitude of lags was unrelated to region, amount of climate change, or their interaction. Previous work demonstrated high intraspecific variability in range shifts across the three regions in our study. Our results suggest that the net effects of climate change will be directional at the scale of the ecological community, despite variability in individual species responses to environmental change and the varied mechanisms that govern them. Communities, like many individual species, may already be out of equilibrium with ambient climate.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Abercrombie, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myers, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.24.590797</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pervasive but lagged responses in the composition of small mammal communities to a century of climate change]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.24.590975v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Projection-TAGs enable multiplex projection tracing and multi-modal profiling of projection neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.24.590975v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-cell multiomic techniques have sparked immense interest in developing a comprehensive multi-modal map of diverse neuronal cell types and their brain-wide projections. However, investigating the complex wiring diagram, spatial organization, transcriptional, and epigenetic landscapes of brain-wide projection neurons is hampered by the lack of efficient and easily adoptable tools. Here we introduce Projection-TAGs, a retrograde AAV platform that allows multiplex tagging of projection neurons using RNA barcodes. By using Projection-TAGs, we performed multiplex projection tracing of the cortex and high-throughput single-cell profiling of the transcriptional and epigenetic landscapes of the cortical projection neurons in female mice. Projection-TAGs can be leveraged to obtain a snapshot of activity-dependent recruitment of distinct projection neurons and their molecular features in the context of a specific stimulus. Given its flexibility, usability, and compatibility, we envision that Projection-TAGs can be readily applied to build a comprehensive multi-modal map of brain neuronal cell types and their projections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hahm, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okuda, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalyanaraman, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heitmeier, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samineni, V. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.24.590975</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Projection-TAGs enable multiplex projection tracing and multi-modal profiling of projection neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.24.591032v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Complementary benefits of multivariate and hierarchical models for identifying individual differences in cognitive control 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.24.591032v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding individual differences in cognitive control is a central goal in psychology and neuroscience. Reliably measuring these differences, however, has proven extremely challenging, at least when using standard measures in cognitive neuroscience such as response times or task-based fMRI activity. While prior work has pinpointed the source of the issue -- the vast amount of cross-trial variability within these measures -- solutions remain elusive. Here, we propose one potential way forward: an analytic framework that combines hierarchical Bayesian modeling with multivariate decoding of trial-level fMRI data. Using this framework and longitudinal data from the Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control project, we estimated individuals neural responses associated with cognitive control within a color-word Stroop task, then assessed the reliability of these individuals responses across a time interval of several months. We show that in many prefrontal and parietal brain regions, test-retest reliability was near maximal, and that only hierarchical models were able to reveal this state of affairs. Further, when compared to traditional univariate contrasts, multivariate decoding enabled individual-level correlations to be estimated with significantly greater precision. We specifically link these improvements in precision to the optimized suppression of cross-trial variability in decoding. Together, these findings not only indicate that cognitive control-related neural responses individuate people in a highly stable manner across time, but also suggest that integrating hierarchical and multivariate models provides a powerful approach for investigating individual differences in cognitive control, one that can effectively address the issue of high-variability measures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Freund, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braver, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.24.591032</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Complementary benefits of multivariate and hierarchical models for identifying individual differences in cognitive control]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.25.590978v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Perturbation-Specific Transcriptional Mapping facilitates unbiased target elucidation of antibiotics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.25.590978v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The rising prevalence of antibiotic resistance threatens human health. While more sophisticated strategies for antibiotic discovery are being developed, target elucidation of new chemical entities remains challenging. In the post-genomic era, expression profiling can play an important role in mechanism-of-action (MOA) prediction by reporting on the cellular response to perturbation. However, the broad application of transcriptomics has yet to fulfill its promise of transforming target elucidation due to challenges in identifying the most relevant, direct responses to target inhibition. We developed an unbiased strategy for MOA prediction, called Perturbation-Specific Transcriptional Mapping (PerSpecTM), in which large-throughput expression profiling of wildtype or hypomorphic mutants, depleted for essential targets, enables a computational strategy to address this challenge. We applied PerSpecTM to perform reference-based MOA prediction based on the principle that similar perturbations, whether chemical or genetic, will elicit similar transcriptional responses. Using this approach, we elucidated the MOAs of three new molecules with activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa by comparing their expression profiles to those of a reference set of antimicrobial compounds with known MOAs. We also show that transcriptional responses to small molecule inhibition resemble those resulting from genetic depletion of essential targets by CRISPRi by PerSpecTM, demonstrating proof-of-concept that correlations between expression profiles of small molecule and genetic perturbations can facilitate MOA prediction when no chemical entities exist to serve as a reference. Empowered by PerSpecTM, this work lays the foundation for an unbiased, readily scalable, systematic reference-based strategy for MOA elucidation that could transform antibiotic discovery efforts.

Significance StatementNew antibiotics are critically needed in the face of increasing antibiotic resistance. However, mechanism-of-action (MOA) elucidation remains challenging and imposes a major bottleneck in antibiotic discovery and development. Building on the principle that molecules with similar MOAs elicit similar transcriptional responses, we have developed a highly scalable strategy for MOA prediction in the important bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa based on correlations between the expression profiles of new molecules and known perturbations, either small molecule inhibition by known antibiotics or transcriptional repression of essential targets by CRISPRi. By rapidly assigning MOAs to three new molecules with anti-pseudomonal activity, we provide proof-of-concept for a rapid, comprehensive, systematic, reference-based approach to MOA prediction with the potential to transform antibiotic discovery efforts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Romano, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagnall, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warrier, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sullivan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrara, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orzechowski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raines, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Livny, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shoresh, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hung, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.25.590978</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Perturbation-Specific Transcriptional Mapping facilitates unbiased target elucidation of antibiotics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.25.591092v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Measuring single-cell density with high throughput enables dynamic profiling of immune cell and drug response from patient samples 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.25.591092v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell density, the ratio of cell mass to volume, is an indicator of molecular crowding and therefore a fundamental determinant of cell state and function. However, existing density measurements lack the precision or throughput to quantify subtle differences in cell states, particularly in primary samples. Here we present an approach for measuring the density of 30,000 single cells per hour with a precision of 0.03% (0.0003 g/mL) by integrating fluorescence exclusion microscopy with a suspended microchannel resonator. Applying this approach to human lymphocytes, we discovered that cell density and its variation decrease as cells transition from quiescence to a proliferative state, suggesting that the level of molecular crowding decreases and becomes more regulated upon entry into the cell cycle. Using a pancreatic cancer patient-derived xenograft model, we found that the ex vivo density response of primary tumor cells to drug treatment can predict in vivo tumor growth response. Our method reveals unexpected behavior in molecular crowding during cell state transitions and suggests density as a new biomarker for functional precision medicine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ishamuddin, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quinn, T. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yerrum, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Debaize, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kao, P.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duquette, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murakami, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohseni, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chow, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miettinen, T. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ligon, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manalis, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.25.591092</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Measuring single-cell density with high throughput enables dynamic profiling of immune cell and drug response from patient samples]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.25.591178v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epithelial IL-2 is critical for NK cell-mediated cancer immunosurveillance in mammary glands 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.25.591178v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is the first identified cytokine and its interaction with receptors has been known to shape the immune responses in many lymphoid or non-lymphoid tissues for more than four decades. Active T cells are the primary cellular source for IL-2 production and epithelial cells have never been considered the major cellular source of IL-2 under physiological conditions. It is, however, tempting to speculate that epithelial cells could potentially express IL-2 that regulates the intricate interactions between epithelial cells and lymphocytes. Datamining our recently published single-cell RNAseq in the mouse mammary gland identified IL-2 expression in mammary epithelial cells, which is induced by prolactin via the STAT5 signaling pathway. Furthermore, epithelial IL-2 plays a crucial role in maintaining the physiological functions of natural killer (NK) cells within the mammary glands. IL-2 deletion in the mammary epithelial cells leads to a significant reduction in the number and function of NK cells, which in turn results in defective immunosurveillance, expansion of luminal epithelial cells, and tumor development. Interestingly, T cells in the mammary glands are not changed, indicating the specific regulation of NK cells by epithelial IL-2 production. In agreement, we also found that human epithelial cells express IL-2 and NK cells express the highest level of IL2RB among all the immune cells. Here, we provide the first evidence that epithelial cells produce IL-2, which is critical for maintaining the physiological functions of NK cells in immunosurveillance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maharjan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borcherding, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Master, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mo, j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tithi, T. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carelock, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Master, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibson-Corley, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolb, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.25.591178</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epithelial IL-2 is critical for NK cell-mediated cancer immunosurveillance in mammary glands]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.30.590804v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rapid adaptive evolution of microbial thermal performance curves 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.30.590804v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbial respiration is a key biotic driver of climate change. Warming boosts microbial population growth, which increases biomass and respiration. This feedback might be disrupted by adaptation in thermal performance curves (TPCs) -whose shape describes how temperature drives growth. In this study, we uncover substantial genetic variation (G) in microbial intrinsic population growth rates (r), demonstrate a causal link between G variation in r and G variation in TPC shape, and show how this variation constrains r-TPC shape evolution along specific evolutionary paths across temperatures. We also uncover Gene-by-Environment (G x E) variation in r, which results in specific signatures in TPC shape and predictable temperature-dependent rapid TPC evolution but also lower G, which could reduce future evolutionary potential. Overall, we show how temperature-dependent evolution in a linchpin of global ecosystem function--microbial TPC shape--is determined by a combination of heritable and non-heritable variation in intrinsic growth rates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Z.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeWitt, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wieczynski, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yammine, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yammine, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zufall, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siepielski, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chalker, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Onishi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Machado, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibert, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.30.590804</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rapid adaptive evolution of microbial thermal performance curves]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.01.592010v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis of Kaposi Sarcoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.01.592010v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) is a complex tumor caused by KS-associated herpesvirus 8 (KSHV). Histological analysis reveals a mixture of "spindle cells", vascular-like spaces, extravasated erythrocytes, and immune cells. In order to elucidate the infected and uninfected cell types in KS tumors, we examined skin and blood samples from twelve subjects by single cell RNA sequence analyses. Two populations of KSHV-infected cells were identified, one of which represented a proliferative fraction of lymphatic endothelial cells, and the second represented an angiogenic population of vascular endothelial tip cells. Both infected clusters contained cells expressing lytic and latent KSHV genes. Novel cellular biomarkers were identified in the KSHV infected cells, including the sodium channel SCN9A. The number of KSHV positive tumor cells was found to be in the 6% range in HIV-associated KS, correlated inversely with tumor-infiltrating immune cells, and was reduced in biopsies from HIV-negative individuals. T-cell receptor clones were expanded in KS tumors and blood, although in differing magnitudes. Changes in cellular composition in KS tumors were identified in subjects treated with antiretroviral therapy alone, or immunotherapy. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of single cell analyses to identify prognostic and predictive biomarkers.

Author SummaryKaposi sarcoma (KS) is a malignancy caused by the KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) that causes skin lesions, and may also be found in lymph nodes, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and other organs in immunosuppressed individuals more commonly than immunocompetent subjects. The current study examined gene expression in single cells from the tumor and blood of these subjects, and identified the characteristics of the complex mixtures of cells in the tumor. This method also identified differences in KSHV gene expression in different cell types and associated cellular genes expressed in KSHV infected cells. In addition, changes in the cellular composition could be elucidated with therapeutic interventions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rauch, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valino Ramos, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khanfar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harding, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joseph, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffith, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffith, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ratner, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.01.592010</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis of Kaposi Sarcoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.04.592525v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Differential effects of PDE4A5 on cAMP-dependent forms of long-term potentiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.04.592525v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
cAMP signaling is critical for memory consolidation and certain of forms long-term potentiation (LTP). Phosphodiesterases (PDEs), enzymes that degrade the second messenger cAMP and cGMP, are highly conserved during evolution and represent a unique set of drug targets, given the involvement of these enzymes in several pathophysiological states including brain disorders. The PDE4 family of cAMP selective PDEs, exert regulatory roles in memory and synaptic plasticity, but the specific roles of distinct PDE4 isoforms in these processes are poorly understood. Building on our previous work demonstrating that spatial and contextual memory deficits were caused by expressing selectively the long isoform of the PDE4A subfamily, PDE4A5, in hippocampal excitatory neurons, we now investigate the effects of PDE4A isoforms on different cAMP-dependent forms of LTP. We find that PDE4A5 impairs long-lasting LTP induced by theta burst stimulation (TBS) while sparing long-lasting LTP induced by spaced 4-train stimulation (4X100Hz). This effect requires the unique N-terminus of PDE4A5 and is specific to this long isoform. Targeted overexpression of PDE4A5 in area CA1 is sufficient to impair TBS-LTP, suggesting that cAMP levels in the postsynaptic neuron are critical for TBS-LTP. Our results shed light on the inherent differences among the PDE4A subfamily isoforms, emphasizing the importance of the long isoforms, which have a unique N-terminal region. Advancing our understanding of the function of specific PDE isoforms will pave the way for developing isoform-selective approaches to treat the cognitive deficits that are debilitating aspects of psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, and neurodegenerative disorders.

Key PointsO_LIHippocampal overexpression of a PDE4A subfamily long isoform, PDE4A5, but not a short isoform PDE4A1, impairs spatial and contextual fear memory and the N-terminus of PDE4A5 is important for this effect.
C_LIO_LIHippocampal overexpression of PDE4A isoforms, PDE4A1 and PDE4A5 do not impair LTP induced by spaced tetanic stimulation at the CA3-CA1 synapses.
C_LIO_LIHippocampal overexpression of PDE4A5, but not PDE4A1 or the N-terminus truncated PDE4A5 (PDE4A5{Delta}4) selectively impairs LTP induced by theta burst stimulation (TBS) at the CA3-CA1 synapses and expression of PDE4A5 in area CA1 is sufficient for the TBS-LTP deficit.
C_LIO_LIThese results suggest that PDE4A5, through its N-terminus, regulates cAMP pools that are critical for memory consolidation and expression of TBS-LTP at the CA3-CA1 synapses.
C_LI



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=148 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/592525v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (53K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1ee4ccdorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1f43c3corg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@19eb64dorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@d2bab0_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Spaced tetanic stimulation and TBS induce cAMP synthesis and activation of PKA to promote signaling cascades that facilitate expression of long-lasting LTP at the CA3-CA1 synapses. PDE4A5 overexpression in the hippocampus selectively impairs cAMP and PKA dependent TBS-LTP at the CA3-CA1 synapses, while sparing LTP induced by spaced tetanization.

C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tadinada, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukherjee, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walsh, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abel, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.04.592525</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Differential effects of PDE4A5 on cAMP-dependent forms of long-term potentiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.04.592533v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanism, and treatment of anti-CV2/CRMP5 autoimmune pain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.04.592533v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes arise from autoimmune reactions against nervous system antigens due to a maladaptive immune response to a peripheral cancer. Patients with small cell lung carcinoma or malignant thymoma can develop an autoimmune response against the CV2/collapsin response mediator protein 5 (CRMP5) antigen. For reasons that are not understood, approximately 80% of patients experience painful neuropathies. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying anti-CV2/CRMP5 autoantibodies (CV2/CRMP5-Abs)-related pain. We found that patient-derived CV2/CRMP5-Abs can bind to their target in rodent dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and superficial laminae of the spinal cord. CV2/CRMP5-Abs induced DRG neuron hyperexcitability and mechanical hypersensitivity in rats that were abolished by preventing binding to their cognate autoantigen CRMP5. The effect of CV2/CRMP5-Abs on sensory neuron hyperexcitability and mechanical hypersensitivity observed in patients was recapitulated in rats using genetic immunization providing an approach to rapidly identify possible therapeutic choices for treating autoantibody-induced pain including the repurposing of a monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody that selectively deplete B-lymphocytes. These data reveal a previously unknown neuronal mechanism of neuropathic pain in patients with paraneoplastic neurological syndromes resulting directly from CV2/CRMP5-Abs-induced nociceptor excitability. CV2/CRMP5-Abs directly sensitize pain responses by increasing sensory neuron excitability and strategies aiming at either blocking or reducing CV2/CRMP5-Abs can treat pain as a comorbidity in patients with paraneoplastic neurological syndromes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Martin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stratton, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Do, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loya-lopez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calderon-rivera, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ran, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nunn, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bellampalli, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Francois-Moutal, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dumaire, N. L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salih, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porreca, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibrahim, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogemond, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Honnorat, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khanna, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moutal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.04.592533</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanism, and treatment of anti-CV2/CRMP5 autoimmune pain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.07.593070v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Oncogenic KRAS Mutations Confer a Unique Mechanotransduction Response to Peristalsis in Colorectal Cancer Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.07.593070v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Colorectal cancer (CRC) tumors start as precancerous polyps on the inner lining of the colon or rectum, where they are exposed to the mechanics of colonic peristalsis. Our previous work leveraged a custom-built peristalsis bioreactor to demonstrate that colonic peristalsis led to cancer stem cell enrichment in colorectal cancer cells. However, this malignant mechanotransductive response was confined to select CRC lines that harbored an oncogenic mutation in the KRAS gene. In this work, therefore, we explored the involvement of activating KRAS mutations on peristalsis-associated mechanotransduction in CRC. Peristalsis enriched the cancer stem cell marker LGR5 in KRAS mutant (G13D, etc.) lines, in a Wnt-independent manner. Conversely, LGR5 enrichment in wild type KRAS lines exposed to peristalsis were minimal. LGR5 enrichment downstream of peristalsis translated to increased tumorigenicity in vivo in KRAS mutant vs. wild type lines. Differences in mechanotransduction response was additionally apparent via unbiased gene set enrichment analysis, where many unique pathways were enriched in wild type vs. mutant lines, in response to peristalsis. Interestingly, peristalsis also triggered {beta}-catenin nuclear localization independent of Wnt, particularly in KRAS mutant lines. The central involvement of KRAS in the mechanotransductive responses was validated via gain and loss of function strategies. {beta}-catenin activation and LGR5 enrichment downstream of peristalsis converged to the activation of the MEK/ERK kinase cascade, that remains active in cells that harbor oncogenic KRAS mutations. Taken together, our results demonstrated that oncogenic KRAS mutations conferred a unique peristalsis-associated mechanotransduction response to colorectal cancer cells, resulting in cancer stem cell enrichment and increased tumorigenicity. These mechanosensory connections can be leveraged in improving the sensitivity of emerging therapies that target oncogenic KRAS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Clevenger, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collier, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorley, J. P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McFarlin, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solberg, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kopetz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stratman, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raghavan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.07.593070</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Oncogenic KRAS Mutations Confer a Unique Mechanotransduction Response to Peristalsis in Colorectal Cancer Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.08.593125v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Repeat modules and N-linked glycans define structure and antigenicity of a critical enterotoxigenic E. coli adhesin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.08.593125v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) cause hundreds of millions of cases of infectious diarrhea annually, predominantly in children from low-middle income regions. Notably, in children, as well as human volunteers challenged with ETEC, diarrheal severity is significantly increased severity in blood group A (bgA) individuals. EtpA, is a secreted glycoprotein adhesin that functions as a blood group A lectin to promote critical interactions between ETEC and blood group A glycans on intestinal epithelia for effective bacterial adhesion and toxin delivery. EtpA is highly immunogenic resulting in robust antibody responses following natural infection and experimental challenge of human volunteers with ETEC. To understand how EtpA directs ETEC-blood group A interactions and stimulates adaptive immunity, we mutated EtpA, mapped its glycosylation by mass-spectrometry (MS), isolated polyclonal (pAbs) and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from vaccinated mice and ETEC-infected human volunteers, and determined structures of antibody-EtpA complexes by cryo-electron microscopy. Both bgA and mAbs that inhibited EtpA-bgA interactions and ETEC adhesion, bound to the C-terminal repeat domain highlighting this region as crucial for ETEC pathogen-host interaction. MS analysis uncovered extensive and heterogeneous N-linked glycosylation of EtpA and cryo-EM structures revealed that mAbs directly engage these unique glycan containing epitopes. Finally, electron microscopy-based polyclonal epitope mapping revealed antibodies targeting numerous distinct epitopes on N and C-terminal domains, suggesting that EtpA vaccination generates responses against neutralizing and decoy regions of the molecule. Collectively, we anticipate that these data will inform our general understanding of pathogen-host glycan interactions and adaptive immunity relevant to rational vaccine subunit design.

Author summaryEnterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), a leading cause of diarrhea disproportionately affecting young children in low-income regions, are a priority for vaccine development. Individuals possessing A blood-type are more susceptible to severe cholera-like disease. EtpA, a secreted, immunogenic, blood group A binding protein, is a current vaccine target antigen. Here, we determined the atomic structure of EtpA in complex with protective as well as non-protective monoclonal antibodies targeting two different domains of the protein, allowing us to pinpoint key regions involved in blood-group A antigen recognition and uncover the mechanism of antibody-based protection. In addition, we show through mass-spectrometry that EtpA is extensively and heterogeneously glycosylated at surface-exposed asparagine residues by a promiscuous and low-fidelity glycosyltransferase, EtpC, and that this unique form of bacterial glycosylation is critical for to development of protective immune responses. Lastly, polyclonal antibodies from vaccinated mice as well as monoclonal antibodies obtained from ETEC-infected human volunteers revealed that the highly antigenic surface of EtpA exhibits both protective and non-protective epitopes. These results greatly expand our understanding of ETEC pathogenesis, and the immune responses elicited by these common infections, providing valuable information to aid in the rational design and testing of subunit vaccines.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Berndsen, Z. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akhtar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thapa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vickers, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmitz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torres, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khatoon, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheikh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamrick, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diedrich, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Bartolome, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garrett, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yates, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laird, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porter, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poly, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Copps, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellebedy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ward, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleckenstein, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.08.593125</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Repeat modules and N-linked glycans define structure and antigenicity of a critical enterotoxigenic E. coli adhesin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.08.593260v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanical Properties of White Matter Tracts in Aging Assessed via Anisotropic MR Elastography 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.08.593260v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is a promising neuroimaging technique to probe tissue microstructure, which has revealed widespread softening with loss of structural integrity in the aging brain. Traditional MRE approaches assume mechanical isotropy. However, white matter is known to be anisotropic from aligned, myelinated axonal bundles, which can lead to uncertainty in mechanical property estimates in these areas when using isotropic MRE. Recent advances in anisotropic MRE now allow for estimation of shear and tensile anisotropy, along with substrate shear modulus, in white matter tracts. The objective of this study was to investigate age-related differences in anisotropic mechanical properties in human brain white matter tracts for the first time. Anisotropic mechanical properties in all tracts were found to be significantly lower in older adults compared to young adults, with average property differences ranging between 0.028-0.107 for shear anisotropy and between 0.139-0.347 for tensile anisotropy. Stiffness perpendicular to the axonal fiber direction was also significantly lower in older age, but only in certain tracts. When compared with fractional anisotropy measures from diffusion tensor imaging, we found that anisotropic MRE measures provided additional, complementary information in describing differences between the white matter integrity of young and older populations. Anisotropic MRE provides a new tool for studying white matter structural integrity in aging and neurodegeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Caban-Rivera, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGarry, M. D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Houten, E. E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paulsen, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bayly, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.08.593260</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanical Properties of White Matter Tracts in Aging Assessed via Anisotropic MR Elastography]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.06.592772v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cross-species analyses reveal RORγt-expressing dendritic cells are a lineage of antigen presenting cells conserved across tissues 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.06.592772v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) are potent antigen presenting cells (APCs) that exhibit tissue and age-specific diversity allowing them to direct situation-adapted immunity. Thereby they harbor great potential for being targeted in vaccination and cancer. Here, we resolve conflicting data about expression of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-{gamma}t (ROR{psi}t) in cDCs. We show that ROR{psi}t+ DCs exist in murine lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues across age. Fate mapping, functional assays and single cell multiomic profiling reveal these cells as ontogenetically and transcriptionally distinct from other well characterized cDC subtypes, as well as from ROR{psi}t+ type 3 innate lymphocytes (ILC3s). We show that ROR{psi}t+ DCs can migrate to lymph nodes and activate naive CD4+ T cells in response to inflammatory triggers. Comparative and cross-species transcriptomics revealed homologous populations in human spleen, lymph nodes and intestines. Further, integrated meta-analyses aligned ROR{psi}t+ DCs identified here with other emerging populations of ROR{psi}t+APCs, including R-DC-like cells, Janus cells/extrathymic Aire expressing cells (eTACs) and subtypes of Thetis cells. While ROR{psi}t+APCs have primarily been linked to T cell tolerance, our work establishes ROR{psi}t+ DCs as unique lineage of immune sentinel cells conserved across tissues and species that expands the functional repertoire of ROR{psi}t+ APCs beyond promoting tolerance.

One sentence summaryROR{gamma}t+ DC exhibit versatile APC functions and are a distinct immune lineage conserved across age, tissues and species that entails Thetis cells, Janus cells/ROR{gamma}t+ eTACs and R-DC-like cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Narasimhan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richter, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shakiba, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papaioannou, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stehle, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravi Rengarajan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ulmert, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Küntzel, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stange, E.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antonova, A. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dudziak, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colonna, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torow, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hornef, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lahl, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romagnani, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colome-Tatche, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schraml, B. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.06.592772</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cross-species analyses reveal RORγt-expressing dendritic cells are a lineage of antigen presenting cells conserved across tissues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.12.593692v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetically recoding respiratory syncytial virus to visualize nucleoprotein dynamics and virion assembly 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.12.593692v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNA viruses possess small genomes encoding a limited repertoire of essential and often multifunctional proteins. Although genetically tagging viral proteins provides a powerful tool for dissecting mechanisms of viral replication and infection, it remains a challenge. Here, we leverage genetic code expansion to develop a recoded strain of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in which the multifunctional nucleoprotein is site-specifically modified with an unnatural amino acid. The resulting virus replicates exclusively in cells capable of amber stop codon suppression and is amenable to labeling with tetrazine-modified fluorophores, achieving high signal-to-background. We use this tool to visualize the transfer of nucleoprotein complexes from cytoplasmic condensates directly to budding viral filaments at the cell surface and to cytoplasmic compartments containing viral surface proteins, suggesting multiple pathways for viral assembly.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mitrovich, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vahey, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.12.593692</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetically recoding respiratory syncytial virus to visualize nucleoprotein dynamics and virion assembly]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.12.593719v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Non-selected incompatibilities and their effects on aggregative multicellularity in the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.12.593719v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multicellular organisms that form by aggregation of cells arguably do not achieve high levels of complexity. Conflict among the cells is a widely accepted explanation for this, but an alternative hypothesis is that mixing cells of different genotypes leads to failures of coordination, which we call the  coordination hypothesis. We empirically tested the coordination hypothesis in the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. We mixed D. discoideum clones that had evolved in isolation for generations and accumulated mutations that have not been tested against each other by selection. To quantify the effect of incompatibilities, we measured performance in terms of the developmental traits of slug migration and spore production. Importantly, kin recognition incompatibilities were avoided by mixing lines evolved from the same ancestor under conditions that would not select for the evolution of de novo recognition. Our results show no evidence of incompatibilities in coordinated movement of slugs towards light in the social amoeba. Spore production was higher than expected in mixtures, in apparent contradiction to the coordination hypothesis. However, we found support for coordination incompatibilities in an interaction between migration and spore production: in mixtures, fewer cells succeeded at migrating and becoming spores.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jahan, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strassmann, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Queller, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.12.593719</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Non-selected incompatibilities and their effects on aggregative multicellularity in the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.12.593761v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial histomorphometry reveals that local peripheral nerves modulate but are not required for skeletal adaptation to applied load in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.12.593761v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mechanical loading is required for bone health and results in skeletal adaptation to optimize strength. Local nerve axons, particularly within the periosteum, may respond to load-induced biomechanical and biochemical cues. However, their role in the bone anabolic response remains controversial. We hypothesized that spatial alignment of periosteal nerves with sites of load-induced bone formation would clarify this relationship. To achieve this, we developed RadialQuant, a custom tool for spatial histomorphometry. Tibiae of control and neurectomized (sciatic/femoral nerve cut) pan-neuronal Baf53b-tdTomato reporter mice were loaded for 5-days. Bone formation and periosteal nerve axon density were then quantified simultaneously in non-decalcified sections of the mid-diaphysis using RadialQuant. In control animals, anabolic loading induced maximal periosteal bone formation at the site of peak compression, as has been reported previously. Loading did not significantly change overall periosteal nerve density. However, a trending 28% increase in periosteal axons was noted at the site of peak compression in loaded limbs. Neurectomy depleted 88% of all periosteal axons, with near-total depletion on load-responsive surfaces. Neurectomy alone also caused de novo bone formation on the lateral aspect of the mid-diaphysis. However, neurectomy did not inhibit load-induced increases in periosteal bone area, mineralizing surface, or bone formation rate. Rather, neurectomy spatially redistributed load-induced bone formation towards the lateral tibial surface with a reduction in periosteal bone formation at the posterolateral apex (-63%) and enhancement at the lateral surface (+1360%). Altogether, this contributed to comparable load-induced changes in cortical bone area fraction (+4.4% in controls; +5.4% in neurectomized). Our results show that local skeletal innervation modulates but is not required for skeletal adaptation to applied load. This supports the continued use of loading and weight-bearing exercise as an effective strategy to increase bone mass, even in patients with peripheral nerve damage or dysfunction.

LAY SUMMARYMechanical loading is required for bone health and can increase new bone formation to optimize strength and reduce fractures. Increased bone formation with loading is primarily mediated by osteocytes, a specialized cell type that is embedded throughout the bone matrix. Local nerve axons, particularly within the periosteum, may also respond to load-induced biomechanical and biochemical cues and could contribute to new bone formation in response to load. However, their role in the bone anabolic response remains controversial. To address this, we studied the adaptation of bone to applied load in the presence of local periosteal nerves, and in settings where the nerves had been surgically removed. Our results show that local skeletal innervation modulates but is not required for skeletal adaptation to applied load. This supports the continued use of loading and weight-bearing exercise as an effective strategy to increase bone mass, even in patients with peripheral nerve damage or dysfunction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Beeve, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hassan, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Migotsky, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheller, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.12.593761</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial histomorphometry reveals that local peripheral nerves modulate but are not required for skeletal adaptation to applied load in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.13.593916v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reconstitution of Arp2/3-Nucleated Actin Assembly with CP, V-1 and CARMIL 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.13.593916v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Actin polymerization is often associated with membrane proteins containing capping-protein-interacting (CPI) motifs, such as CARMIL, CD2AP, and WASHCAP/Fam21. CPI motifs bind directly to actin capping protein (CP), and this interaction weakens the binding of CP to barbed ends of actin filaments, lessening the ability of CP to functionally cap those ends. The protein V-1 / myotrophin binds to the F-actin binding site on CP and sterically blocks CP from binding barbed ends. CPI-motif proteins also weaken the binding between V-1 and CP, which decreases the inhibitory effects of V-1, thereby freeing CP to cap barbed ends. Here, we address the question of whether CPI-motif proteins on a surface analogous to a membrane lead to net activation or inhibition of actin assembly nucleated by Arp2/3 complex. Using reconstitution with purified components, we discovered that CARMIL at the surface promotes and enhances actin assembly, countering the inhibitory effects of V-1 and thus activating CP. The reconstitution involves the presence of an Arp2/3 activator on the surface, along with Arp2/3 complex, V-1, CP, profilin and actin monomers in solution, recreating key features of cell physiology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mooren, O. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McConnell, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeBrecht, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaysingh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.13.593916</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reconstitution of Arp2/3-Nucleated Actin Assembly with CP, V-1 and CARMIL]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.14.594214v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PDGF-BB overexpression in p53 null oligodendrocyte progenitors increases H3K27me3 and induces transcriptional changes which favor proliferation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.14.594214v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Proneural gliomas are brain tumors characterized by enrichment of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) transcripts and genetic alterations. In this study we sought to identify transcriptional and epigenetic differences between OPCs with Trp53 deletion and PDGF-BB overexpression (BB-p53n), which form tumors when transplanted in mouse brains, and those carrying only p53 deletion (p53n), which do not. We used unbiased histone proteomics and RNA-seq analysis on these two genetically modified OPC populations and detected higher levels of H3K27me3 in BB-p53n compared to p53n OPCs. The BB-p53n OPC were characterized by higher levels of transcripts related to proliferation and lower levels of those related to differentiation. Pharmacological inhibition of histone H3K27 trimethylation in BB-p53n OPC reduced cell cycle transcripts and increased the expression of differentiation markers. These data suggest that PDGF-BB overexpression in p53 null OPC results in histone post-translational modifications and consequent transcriptional changes favoring proliferation while halting differentiation, thereby promoting the early stages of transformation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mela, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Natarajan, B. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Canoll, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casaccia, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.14.594214</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PDGF-BB overexpression in p53 null oligodendrocyte progenitors increases H3K27me3 and induces transcriptional changes which favor proliferation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.15.594360v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
mosGraphGen: a novel tool to generate multi-omic signaling graphs to facilitate integrative and interpretable graph AI model development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.15.594360v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multi-omics data, i.e., genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, characterize cellular complex signaling systems from multi-level and multi-view and provide a holistic view of complex cellular signaling pathways. However, it remains challenging to integrate and interpret multi-omics data for mining key disease targets and signaling pathways. Graph AI models have been widely used to analyze graph-structure datasets, and are ideal for integrative multi-omics data analysis because they can naturally integrate and represent multi-omics data as a biologically meaningful multi-level signaling graph and interpret multi-omics data via graph node and edge ranking analysis. However, it is non-trivial for graph-AI model developers to pre-analyze multi-omics data and convert the data into biologically meaningful graphs, which can be directly fed into graph-AI models. To resolve this challenge, we developed mosGraphGen (multi-omics signaling graph generator), generating Multi-omics Signaling graphs (mos-graph) of individual samples by mapping multi-omics data onto a biologically meaningful multi-level background signaling network with data normalization by aggregating measurements and aligning to the reference genome. With mosGraphGen, AI model developers can directly apply and evaluate their models using these mos-graphs. In the results, mosGraphGen was used and illustrated using two widely used multi-omics datasets of TCGA and Alzheimers disease (AD) samples. The code of mosGraphGen is open-source and publicly available via GitHub: https://github.com/FuhaiLiAiLab/mosGraphGen
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sessions, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cruchaga, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payne, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Province, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.15.594360</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[mosGraphGen: a novel tool to generate multi-omic signaling graphs to facilitate integrative and interpretable graph AI model development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.17.594771v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Diclofenac sensitizes multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii to colistin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.17.594771v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Acinetobacter baumannii causes life-threatening infections that are becoming difficult to treat due to increasing rates of multi-drug resistance (MDR) among clinical isolates. This has led the World Health Organization and the CDC to categorize MDR A. baumannii as a top priority for the research and development of new antibiotics. Colistin is the last-resort antibiotic to treat carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii. Not surprisingly, reintroduction of colistin has resulted in the emergence of colistin-resistant strains. Diclofenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat pain and inflammation associated with arthritis. In this work, we show that diclofenac sensitizes colistin-resistant A. baumannii clinical strains to colistin, in vitro and in a murine model of pneumonia. Diclofenac also reduced the colistin MIC of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed an upregulation of oxidative stress-related genes and downregulation of type IV pili induced by the combination treatment. Notably, the concentrations of colistin and diclofenac effective in the murine model were substantially lower than those determined in vitro, implying a stronger synergistic effect in vivo compared to in vitro. A pilA mutant strain, lacking the primary component of the type IV pili, became sensitive to colistin in the absence of diclofenac. This suggest that the downregulation of type IV pili is key for the synergistic activity of these drugs in vivo and indicates that colistin and diclofenac exert an anti-virulence effect. Together, these results suggest that the diclofenac can be repurposed with colistin to treat MDR A. baumannii.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bisaro, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson-Litteken, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGuffey, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hooppaw, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bodrog, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jebeli, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ortiz-Marquez, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Opijnen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Venanzio, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feldman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.17.594771</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Diclofenac sensitizes multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii to colistin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.20.595037v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Kif1a and intact microtubules maintain synaptic-vesicle populations at ribbon synapses in zebrafish hair cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.20.595037v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sensory hair cells of the inner ear utilize specialized ribbon synapses to transmit sensory stimuli to the central nervous system. This sensory transmission necessitates rapid and sustained neurotransmitter release, which relies on a large pool of synaptic vesicles at the hair-cell presynapse. Work in neurons has shown that kinesin motor proteins traffic synaptic material along microtubules to the presynapse, but how new synaptic material reaches the presynapse in hair cells is not known. We show that the kinesin motor protein Kif1a and an intact microtubule network are necessary to enrich synaptic vesicles at the presynapse in hair cells. We use genetics and pharmacology to disrupt Kif1a function and impair microtubule networks in hair cells of the zebrafish lateral-line system. We find that these manipulations decrease synaptic-vesicle populations at the presynapse in hair cells. Using electron microscopy, along with in vivo calcium imaging and electrophysiology, we show that a diminished supply of synaptic vesicles adversely affects ribbon-synapse function. Kif1a mutants exhibit dramatic reductions in spontaneous vesicle release and evoked postsynaptic calcium responses. Additionally, we find that kif1a mutants exhibit impaired rheotaxis, a behavior reliant on the ability of hair cells in the lateral line to respond to sustained flow stimuli. Overall, our results demonstrate that Kif1a-based microtubule transport is critical to enrich synaptic vesicles at the active zone in hair cells, a process that is vital for proper ribbon-synapse function.

Key pointsO_LIKif1a mRNAs are present in zebrafish hair cells
C_LIO_LILoss of Kif1a disrupts the enrichment of synaptic vesicles at ribbon synapses
C_LIO_LIDisruption of microtubules depletes synaptic vesicles at ribbon synapses
C_LIO_LIKif1a mutants have impaired ribbon-synapse and sensory-system function
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>David, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinter, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, K.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sokolova, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheets, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kindt, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.20.595037</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Kif1a and intact microtubules maintain synaptic-vesicle populations at ribbon synapses in zebrafish hair cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.16.594575v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Novel Gene ARHGAP44 for Longitudinal Changes in Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) in Subjects without Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence from the Long Life Family Study (LLFS) and the Framingham Offspring Study (FOS) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.16.594575v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) indicates average glucose levels over three months and is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Longitudinal changes in HbA1c ({Delta}HbA1c) are also associated with aging processes, cognitive performance, and mortality. We analyzed {Delta}HbA1c in 1,886 non-diabetic Europeans from the Long Life Family Study to uncover gene variants influencing {Delta}HbA1c. Using growth curve modeling adjusted for multiple covariates, we derived {Delta}HbA1c and conducted linkage-guided sequence analysis. Our genome-wide linkage scan identified a significant locus on 17p12. In-depth analysis of this locus revealed a variant rs56340929 (explaining 27% of the linkage peak) in the ARHGAP44 gene that was significantly associated with {Delta}HbA1c. RNA transcription of ARHGAP44 was associated with {Delta}HbA1c. The Framingham Offspring Study data further supported these findings on the gene level. Together, we found a novel gene ARHGAP44 for {Delta}HbA1c in family members without T2D. Follow-up studies using longitudinal omics data in large independent cohorts are warranted.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lenzini, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thygarajan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vardarajan, B. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yashin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miljkovic, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daw, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brent, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zmuda, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perls, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christensen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Province, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.16.594575</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Novel Gene ARHGAP44 for Longitudinal Changes in Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) in Subjects without Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence from the Long Life Family Study (LLFS) and the Framingham Offspring Study (FOS)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.20.594955v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial omics of acute myocardial infarction reveals a novel mode of immune cell infiltration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.20.594955v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Myocardial infarction (MI) continues to be a leading cause of death worldwide. Even though it is well-established that the complex interplay between different cell types determines the overall healing response after MI, the precise changes in the tissue architecture are still poorly understood. Here we generated an integrative cellular map of the acute phase after murine MI using a combination of imaging-based transcriptomics (Molecular Cartography) and antibody-based highly multiplexed imaging (Sequential Immunofluorescence), which enabled us to evaluate cell-type compositions and changes at subcellular resolution over time. One striking finding of these analyses was the identification of a novel mode of leukocyte accumulation to the infarcted heart via the endocardium - the inner layer of the heart. To investigate the underlying mechanisms driving this previously unknown infiltration route, we performed unbiased spatial proteomic analysis using Deep Visual Proteomics (DVP). When comparing endocardial cells of homeostatic hearts and infarcted hearts, DVP identified von Willebrand Factor (vWF) as an upregulated mediator of inflammation 24 hours post-MI. To further explore the immune mediating capabilities of vWF and its effect on tissue repair, we performed functional blocking of vWF during acute murine MI. This resulted in a reduced amount of infiltration by CCR2+ monocytes and worse cardiac function post-MI. Our study provides the first spatial map of acute murine MI with subcellular resolution and subsequently discovers a novel route of immune infiltration. Furthermore, we identified vWF as a critical immune mediating agent for endocardial immune cell infiltration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wuennemann, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sicklinger, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bestak, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nimo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thiemann, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amrute, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nordbeck, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartmann, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibarra-Arellano, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanevski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heine, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frey, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavine, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coscia, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saez-Rodriguez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leuschner, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schapiro, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.20.594955</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial omics of acute myocardial infarction reveals a novel mode of immune cell infiltration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.21.595135v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Norepinephrine Signals Through Astrocytes To Modulate Synapses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.21.595135v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractLocus coeruleus (LC)-derived norepinephrine (NE) drives network and behavioral adaptations to environmental saliencies by reconfiguring circuit connectivity, but the underlying synapse-level mechanisms are elusive. Here, we show that NE remodeling of synaptic function is independent from its binding on neuronal receptors. Instead, astrocytic adrenergic receptors and Ca2+ dynamics fully gate the effect of NE on synapses as the astrocyte-specific deletion of adrenergic receptors and three independent astrocyte-silencing approaches all render synapses insensitive to NE. Additionally, we find that NE suppression of synaptic strength results from an ATP-derived and adenosine A1 receptor-mediated control of presynaptic efficacy. An accompanying study from Chen et al. reveals the existence of an analogous pathway in the larval zebrafish and highlights its importance to behavioral state transitions. Together, these findings fuel a new model wherein astrocytes are a core component of neuromodulatory systems and the circuit effector through which norepinephrine produces network and behavioral adaptations, challenging an 80-year-old status quo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lefton, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okuda, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walsh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manno, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samineni, V. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papouin, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.21.595135</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Norepinephrine Signals Through Astrocytes To Modulate Synapses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.22.595043v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tau pathology leads to lonely non-traveling slow waves that mediate human memory impairment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.22.595043v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Memory markedly declines with age, exaggerated in those with Alzheimers disease, yet the mechanisms are still not resolved. Here, we show that frontal lobe tau pathology in humans leads to impaired en masse unity and cortical traveling propagation of NREM slow waves, consequentially impairing memory retention. We elucidate these findings using PET tau brain imaging, and then replicate and extend them using AD pathology markers derived from lumbar puncture CSF in an independent clinical cohort. Thus, tau-associated memory deficits are not wholly direct, but indirectly mediated through consequential "lonely", non-traveling slow-wave events.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sharon, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dude, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, V. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ju, Y.-E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jagust, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.22.595043</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tau pathology leads to lonely non-traveling slow waves that mediate human memory impairment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.21.595189v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TRPV4-Expressing Tissue-Resident Macrophages Regulate the Function of Collecting Lymphatic Vessels via Thromboxane A2 Receptors in Lymphatic Muscle Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.21.595189v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RationaleTRPV4 channels are critical regulators of blood vascular function and have been shown to be dysregulated in many disease conditions in association with inflammation and tissue fibrosis. These are key features in the pathophysiology of lymphatic system diseases, including lymphedema and lipedema; however, the role of TRPV4 channels in the lymphatic system remains largely unexplored. TRPV4 channels are calcium permeable, non-selective cation channels that are activated by diverse stimuli, including shear stress, stretch, temperature, and cell metabolites, which may regulate lymphatic contractile function.

ObjectiveTo characterize the expression of TRPV4 channels in collecting lymphatic vessels and to determine the extent to which these channels regulate the contractile function of lymphatics.

Methods and ResultsPressure myography on intact, isolated, and cannulated lymphatic vessels showed that pharmacological activation of TRPV4 channels with GSK1016790A (GSK101) led to contractile dysregulation. The response to GSK101 was multiphasic and included, 1) initial robust constriction that was sustained for [&ge;]1 minute and in some instances remained for [&ge;]4 minutes; and 2) subsequent vasodilation and partial or complete inhibition of lymphatic contractions associated with release of nitric oxide. The functional response to activation of TRPV4 channels displayed differences across lymphatics from four anatomical regions, but these differences were consistent across different species (mouse, rat, and non-human primate). Importantly, similar responses were observed following activation of TRPV4 channels in arterioles. The initial and sustained constriction was prevented with the COX inhibitor, indomethacin. We generated a controlled and spatially defined single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) dataset from intact and microdissected collecting lymphatic vessels. Our data uncovered a subset of macrophages displaying the highest expression of Trpv4 compared to other cell types within and surrounding the lymphatic vessel wall. These macrophages displayed a transcriptomic profile consistent with that of tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs), including differential expression of Lyve1, Cd163, Folr2, Mrc1, Ccl8, Apoe, Cd209f, Cd209d, and Cd209g; and at least half of these macrophages also expressed Timd4. This subset of macrophages also highly expressed Txa2s, which encodes the thromboxane A2 (TXA2) synthase. Inhibition of TXA2 receptors (TXA2Rs) prevented TRPV4-mediated contractile dysregulation. TXA2R activation on LMCs caused an increase in mobilization of calcium from intracellular stores through Ip3 receptors which promoted store operated calcium entry and vasoconstriction.

ConclusionsClinical studies have linked cancer-related lymphedema with an increased infiltration of macrophages. While these macrophages have known anti-inflammatory and pro-lymphangiogenic roles, as well as promote tissue repair, our results point to detrimental effects to the pumping capacity of collecting lymphatic vessels mediated by activation of TRPV4 channels in macrophages. Pharmacological targeting of TRPV4 channels in LYVE1-expressing macrophages or pharmacological targeting of TXA2Rs may offer novel therapeutic strategies to improve lymphatic pumping function and lymph transport in lymphedema.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=101 SRC="FIGDIR/small/595189v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schulz, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akerstrom, V. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Broyhill, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lambert, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldberg, T. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kataru, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braun, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norton, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Czepielewski, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehrara, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Domeier, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zawieja, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castorena-Gonzalez, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.21.595189</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TRPV4-Expressing Tissue-Resident Macrophages Regulate the Function of Collecting Lymphatic Vessels via Thromboxane A2 Receptors in Lymphatic Muscle Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.24.595793v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptomic landscape of mammalian ventral pallidum at single-cell resolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.24.595793v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ventral pallidum (VP) is critical for motivated behaviors. While contemporary work has begun to elucidate the functional diversity of VP neurons, the molecular heterogeneity underlying this functional diversity remains incompletely understood. We used snRNA-seq and in situ hybridization to define the transcriptional taxonomy of VP cell types in mice, macaques, and baboons. We found transcriptional conservation between all three species, within the broader neurochemical cell types. Unique dopaminoceptive and cholinergic subclusters were identified and conserved across both primate species but had no homolog in mice. This harmonized consensus VP cellular atlas will pave the way for understanding the structure and function of the VP and identified key neuropeptides, neurotransmitters, and neuro receptors that could be targeted within specific VP cell types for functional investigations.

TeaserGenetic identity of ventral pallidum cell types is conserved across rodents and primates at the transcriptional level
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fang, L. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lynch, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hahm, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heitmeier, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costa, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samineni, V. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creed, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.24.595793</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptomic landscape of mammalian ventral pallidum at single-cell resolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.26.595966v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Complimentary vertebrate Wac models exhibit phenotypes relevant to DeSanto-Shinawi Syndrome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.26.595966v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Monogenic syndromes are associated with neurodevelopmental changes that result in cognitive impairments and neurobehavioral phenotypes including autism and seizures. Limited studies and resources are available to make meaningful headway into the underlying molecular mechanisms that result in these symptoms. One such example is DeSanto-Shinawi Syndrome (DESSH), a rare disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the WAC gene. Individuals with DESSH syndrome exhibit a recognizable craniofacial gestalt, developmental delay/intellectual disability, neurobehavioral symptoms that include autism, ADHD, behavioral difficulties and seizures. However, no thorough studies from a vertebrate model exist to understand how these changes occur. To overcome this, we developed both murine and zebrafish Wac/wac deletion mutants and studied whether their phenotypes recapitulate those described in individuals with DESSH syndrome. We first show that the two Wac models exhibit craniofacial and behavioral changes, reminiscent of abnormalities found in DESSH syndrome. In addition, each model revealed impacts to GABAergic neurons and further studies showed that the mouse mutants are susceptible to seizures, changes in brain volumes that are different between sexes and relevant behaviors. Finally, we uncovered transcriptional impacts of Wac loss of function in mice that will pave the way for future molecular studies into DESSH. These studies present two new animals that begin to uncover some biological underpinnings of DESSH syndrome and elucidate the biology of Wac.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stafford, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pacheco-Vergara, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cichewicz, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Canales, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seban, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corea, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahbarian, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonekamp, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillie, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pacheco-Cruz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gill, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwang, H.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uhl, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shinawi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Obenaus, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crandall, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nord, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vogt, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.26.595966</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Complimentary vertebrate Wac models exhibit phenotypes relevant to DeSanto-Shinawi Syndrome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.23.592075v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lineage-specific proteome remodeling of diverse lung cancer cells by targeted epigenetic inhibitors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.23.592075v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Epigenetic inhibitors exhibit powerful antiproliferative and anticancer activities. However, cellular responses to small-molecule epigenetic inhibition are heterogeneous and dependent on factors such as the genetic background and metabolic state of cells, as well as on-/off-target engagement of individual small-molecule compounds. The molecular study of the extent of this heterogeneity often measures changes in a single cell line. To more comprehensively profile the effects of small-molecule perturbations and their influence on heterogeneous cellular responses, we present a molecular resource based on the quantification of chromatin, proteome, and transcriptome remodeling due to histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) in non-isogenic cell lines. Through quantitative molecular profiling of 10,621 proteins, these data reveal coordinated molecular remodeling of HDACi treated cancer cells. HDACi-regulated proteins differ greatly across cell lines with consistent (JUN, MAP2K3, CDKN1A) and divergent (CCND3, ASF1B, BRD7) cell-state effectors. Together these data provide valuable insight into cell-type driven and heterogeneous responses that must be taken into consideration when monitoring molecular perturbations in culture models. We have also built a web interface for the extensive amount of data to allow users to explore the data as a resource for understanding chemical perturbation of diverse cell types.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sniezek, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giglio, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karki, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGann, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McFaline-Figueroa, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schweppe, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.23.592075</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lineage-specific proteome remodeling of diverse lung cancer cells by targeted epigenetic inhibitors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.23.595588v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bispecific GD2 x B7-H3 Antibody Improves Tumor Targeting and Reduces Toxicity while Maintaining Efficacy for Neuroblastoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.23.595588v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The current treatment for neuroblastoma involves an immunotherapy regimen that includes a monoclonal antibody that recognizes disialoganglioside (GD2), expressed at high levels on neuroblastoma. GD2 is not present on most normal tissues but is expressed on nerves. Thus, anti-GD2 treatment causes substantial, dose-limiting, neuropathic pain. B7-H3 is overexpressed on multiple tumor types, including neuroblastoma, with minimal normal cell expression and is absent on nerves. We designed a bispecific antibody (bsAb) that requires simultaneous binding of these two tumor antigens to achieve tight-binding of tumor cells. Our preclinical research shows that when compared to an anti-GD2 monospecific antibody, the GD2xB7-H3 bsAb has improved tumor specificity with similar efficacy and reduced toxicity. Since this bsAb does not bind to nerves, it may be possible to administer increased or additional doses beyond the tolerable dose of monospecific anti-GD2 antibodies, which could improve therapeutic efficacy and quality of life for patients with neuroblastoma.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Erbe, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feils, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hampton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenkrans, Z. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Felder, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiwczar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerhardt, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bercher, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wenke, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haertle, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heck, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>VandenHeuvel, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frankel, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nielsen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spiegelman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsarovsky, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaborek, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rakhmilevich, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hank, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aluicio-Sarduy, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engle, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glaser, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subbotin, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sondel, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.23.595588</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bispecific GD2 x B7-H3 Antibody Improves Tumor Targeting and Reduces Toxicity while Maintaining Efficacy for Neuroblastoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.28.596170v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Role of the CTCF Binding Site in Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus-1 Pathogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.28.596170v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During HTLV-1 infection, the virus integrates into the host cell genome as a provirus with a single CCCTC binding protein (CTCF) binding site (vCTCF-BS), which acts as an insulator between transcriptionally active and inactive regions. Previous studies have shown that the vCTCF-BS is important for maintenance of chromatin structure, regulation of viral expression, and DNA and histone methylation. Here, we show that the vCTCF-BS also regulates viral infection and pathogenesis in vivo in a humanized (Hu) mouse model of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Three cell lines were used to initiate infection of the Hu-mice, i) HTLV-1-WT which carries an intact HTLV-1 provirus genome, ii) HTLV-1-CTCF, which contains a provirus with a mutated vCTCF-BS which abolishes CTCF binding, and a stop codon immediate upstream of the mutated vCTCF-BS which deletes the last 23 amino acids of p12, and iii) HTLV-1-p12stop that contains the intact vCTCF-BS, but retains the same stop codon in p12 as in the HTLV-1-CTCF cell line. Hu-mice were infected with mitomycin treated or irradiated HTLV-1 producing cell lines. There was a delay in pathogenicity when Hu-mice were infected with the CTCF virus compared to mice infected with either p12 stop or WT virus. Proviral load (PVL), spleen weights, and CD4 T cell counts were significantly lower in HTLV-1-CTCF infected mice compared to HTLV-1-p12stop infected mice. Furthermore, we found a direct correlation between the PVL in peripheral blood and death of HTLV-1-CTCF infected mice. In cell lines, we found that the vCTCF-BS regulates Tax expression in a time-dependent manner. The scRNAseq analysis of splenocytes from infected mice suggests that the vCTCF-BS plays an important role in activation and expansion of T lymphocytes in vivo. Overall, these findings indicate that the vCTCF-BS regulates Tax expression, proviral load, and HTLV pathogenicity in vivo.

Author SummaryHuman T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a cause of leukemia and lymphoma, and several inflammatory medical disorders. The virus integrates in the host cell DNA, and it includes a single binding site for a cellular protein designated CTCF. This protein is important in regulation of many viruses, as well as properties of normal and malignant cells. In order to define the role of CTCF in HTLV-1 pathogenesis in vivo, we analyzed a mutant virus lacking the binding site in humanized mice. We found that this mutation slowed virus spread and attenuated the development of disease. Gene expression studies demonstrated a dynamic role of CTCF in regulating viral gene expression and T lymphocyte activation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Joseph, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harding, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Saleem, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rauch, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ratner, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.28.596170</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Role of the CTCF Binding Site in Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus-1 Pathogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.28.596151v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromatin profiling identifies putative dual roles for H3K27me3 in regulating transposons and cell type specific genes in choanoflagellates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.28.596151v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene expression is tightly controlled during animal development to allow the formation of specialized cell types. Our understanding of how animals evolved this exquisite regulatory control remains elusive, but evidence suggests that changes in chromatin-based mechanisms may have contributed. To investigate this possibility, here we examine chromatin-based gene regulatory features in the closest relatives of animals, choanoflagellates. Using Salpingoeca rosetta as a model system, we examined chromatin accessibility and histone modifications at the genome scale and compared these features to gene expression. We first observed that accessible regions of chromatin are primarily associated with gene promoters and found no evidence of distal gene regulatory elements resembling the enhancers that animals deploy to regulate developmental gene expression. Remarkably, a histone modification deposited by polycomb repressive complex 2, histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3), appeared to function similarly in S. rosetta to its role in animals, because this modification decorated genes with cell type-specific expression. Additionally, H3K27me3 marked transposons, retaining what appears to be an ancestral role in regulating these elements. We further uncovered a putative new bivalent chromatin state at cell type-specific genes that consists of H3K27me3 and histone H3 lysine 4 mono-methylation (H3K4me1). Together, our discoveries support the scenario that gene-associated histone modification states that underpin development emerged before the evolution of animal multicellularity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gahan, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helfrich, L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wetzel, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhanu, N. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Z.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klose, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Booth, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.28.596151</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromatin profiling identifies putative dual roles for H3K27me3 in regulating transposons and cell type specific genes in choanoflagellates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.27.595830v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-omics profiling of mouse polycystic kidney disease progression at a single cell resolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.27.595830v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common hereditary kidney disease and causes significant morbidity, ultimately leading to end-stage kidney disease. PKD pathogenesis is characterized by complex and dynamic alterations in multiple cell types during disease progression, hampering a deeper understanding of disease mechanism and the development of therapeutic approaches. Here, we generate a single nucleus multimodal atlas of an orthologous mouse PKD model at early, mid and late timepoints, consisting of 125,434 single-nucleus transcriptomic and epigenetic multiomes. We catalogue differentially expressed genes and activated epigenetic regions in each cell type during PKD progression, characterizing cell-type-specific responses to Pkd1 deletion. We describe heterogeneous, atypical collecting duct cells as well as proximal tubular cells that constitute cyst epithelia in PKD. The transcriptional regulation of the cyst lining cell marker GPRC5A is conserved between mouse and human PKD cystic epithelia, suggesting shared gene regulatory pathways. Our single nucleus multiomic analysis of mouse PKD provides a foundation to understand the earliest changes molecular deregulation in a mouse model of PKD at a single-cell resolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Muto, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoshimura, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang-Panesso, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ledru, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodward, O. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Outeda, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahjoub, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watnick, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humphreys, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.27.595830</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-omics profiling of mouse polycystic kidney disease progression at a single cell resolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.27.596092v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Machine Learning Models for Cardiovascular Disease Prediction: A Comparative Study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.27.596092v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) pose a significant threat to global public health, affecting individuals across various age groups. Factors such as cholesterol levels, smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical inactivity contribute to their onset and progression. Enhancing our understanding of CVD etiology and informing targeted interventions for disease prevention and management remains a critical challenge. In this study, we address the task of predicting the likelihood of individuals developing CVDs using machine learning techniques. Specifically, we explore three approaches: the k-nearest neighbors (KNN) algorithm, logistic regression, and the random forest algorithm. Leveraging a comprehensive dataset sourced from Kaggle, encompassing 11 relevant factors, we conduct a series of experiments to identify the most influential predictors of CVDs. Our analysis aims not only to forecast disease occurrence but also to elucidate the primary determinants contributing to its manifestation. Through comparative analysis of the three methodologies, we demonstrate that the random forest algorithm exhibits superior performance in terms of predictive accuracy. This research represents a significant step towards leveraging machine learning techniques to enhance our understanding of CVD dynamics and inform targeted interventions for disease prevention and management.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.27.596092</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Machine Learning Models for Cardiovascular Disease Prediction: A Comparative Study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.28.596248v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fully Human Bifunctional Intrabodies Achieve Graded Reduction of Intracellular Tau and Rescue Survival of MAPT Mutation iPSC-derived Neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.28.596248v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tau protein aggregation is a hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimers disease, frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), spurring development of tau-lowering therapeutic strategies. Here, we report fully human bifunctional anti-tau-PEST intrabodies that bind the mid-domain of tau to block aggregation and degrade tau via the proteasome using the ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) PEST degron. They effectively reduced tau protein in human iPSC-derived cortical neurons in 2D cultures and 3D organoids, including those with the disease-associated tau mutations R5L, N279K, R406W, and V337M. Anti-tau-hPEST intrabodies facilitated efficient ubiquitin-independent proteolysis, in contrast to tau-lowering approaches that rely on the cells ubiquitination system. Importantly, they counteracted the proteasome impairment observed in V337M patient-derived cortical neurons and significantly improved neuronal survival. By serial mutagenesis, we created variants of the PEST degron that achieved graded levels of tau reduction. Moderate reduction was as effective as high reduction against tau V337M-induced neural cell death.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>D'Brant, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rugenstein, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Na, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Czajka, T. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trudeau, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitz, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomaszek, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisher, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mash, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lotz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borden, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevens, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goderie, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertucci, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karch, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Temple, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.28.596248</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fully Human Bifunctional Intrabodies Achieve Graded Reduction of Intracellular Tau and Rescue Survival of MAPT Mutation iPSC-derived Neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.28.596297v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A glial circadian gene expression atlas reveals cell type and disease-specific reprogramming in response to amyloid pathology or aging. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.28.596297v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While circadian rhythm disruption may promote neurodegenerative disease, how aging and neurodegenerative pathology impact circadian gene expression patterns in different brain cell types is unknown. Here, we used translating ribosome affinity purification methods to define the circadian translatomes of astrocytes, microglia, and bulk cerebral cortex, in healthy mouse brain and in the settings of amyloid-beta plaque pathology or aging. Our data reveal that glial circadian translatomes are highly cell type-specific and exhibit profound, context-dependent reprogramming of rhythmic transcripts in response to amyloid pathology or aging. Transcripts involved in glial activation, immunometabolism, and proteostasis, as well as nearly half of all Alzheimer Disease (AD)-associated risk genes, displayed circadian oscillations, many of which were altered by pathology. Amyloid-related differential gene expression was also dependent on time of day. Thus, circadian rhythms in gene expression are cell- and context dependent and provide important insights into glial gene regulation in health, AD, and aging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sheehan, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fass, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sapkota, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hollis, H. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawrence, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anafi, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fryer, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Musiek, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.28.596297</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A glial circadian gene expression atlas reveals cell type and disease-specific reprogramming in response to amyloid pathology or aging.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.29.595206v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeting complement C3a receptor resolves mitochondrial hyperfusion and subretinal microglial activation in progranulin-deficient frontotemporal dementia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.29.595206v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mutations in progranulin (GRN) cause frontotemporal dementia (GRN-FTD) due to deficiency of the pleiotropic protein progranulin. GRN-FTD exhibits diverse pathologies including lysosome dysfunction, lipofuscinosis, microgliosis, and neuroinflammation. Yet, how progranulin loss causes disease remains unresolved. Here, we report that non-invasive retinal imaging of GRN-FTD patients revealed deficits in photoreceptors and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) that correlate with cognitive decline. Likewise, Grn-/- mice exhibit early RPE dysfunction, microglial activation, and subsequent photoreceptor loss. Super-resolution live imaging and transcriptomic analyses identified RPE mitochondria as an early driver of retinal dysfunction. Loss of mitochondrial fission protein 1 (MTFP1) in Grn-/- RPE causes mitochondrial hyperfusion and bioenergetic defects, leading to NF-kB-mediated activation of complement C3a-C3a receptor signaling, which drives further mitochondrial hyperfusion and retinal inflammation. C3aR antagonism restores RPE mitochondrial integrity and limits subretinal microglial activation. Our study identifies a previously unrecognized mechanism by which progranulin modulates mitochondrial integrity and complement-mediated neuroinflammation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tan, L. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oertel, F. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cobigo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keihani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdelhak, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montes, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chapman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cordano, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ward, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casaletto, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kramer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosen, H. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boxer, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elahi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lakkaraju, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.29.595206</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeting complement C3a receptor resolves mitochondrial hyperfusion and subretinal microglial activation in progranulin-deficient frontotemporal dementia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.31.596883v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification and Characterization of the Lipoprotein N-acyltransferase in Bacteroides 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.31.596883v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Members of the Bacteroidota compose a large portion of the human gut microbiota, contributing to overall gut health via the degradation of various polysaccharides. This process is facilitated by lipoproteins, globular proteins anchored to the cell surface by a lipidated N-terminal cysteine. Despite their importance, lipoprotein synthesis by these bacteria is understudied. In E. coli, the -amino linked lipid of lipoproteins is added by the lipoprotein N-acyltransferase Lnt. Herein, we have identified a protein distinct from Lnt responsible for the same process in Bacteroides, named lipoprotein N-acyltransferase in Bacteroides (Lnb). Deletion of Lnb yields cells that synthesize diacylated lipoproteins, with impacts on cell viability and morphology, growth on polysaccharides, and protein composition of membranes and outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). Our results not only challenge the accepted paradigms of lipoprotein biosynthesis in Gram-negative bacteria, but also support the establishment of a new family of lipoprotein N-acyltransferases.

SignificanceBacteroidota are key members of the human gut microbiota that influence human health by degrading polysaccharides. This degradation is achieved by a suite of lipoproteins, a class of membrane protein characterized by lipidation. Lipoprotein synthesis in Bacteroidota is understudied. Here, we used a genetic screen to identify gene(s) responsible for N-acylation, the last step in lipoprotein biosynthesis. Our screen identified the lipoprotein N-acyltransferase in Bacteroides (Lnb) that performs this step. We show that deletion of Lnb negatively affects cellular growth and ability to degrade polysaccharides, deepening our understanding of Bacteroidota and lipoproteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Koropatkin, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armbruster, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sartorio, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterson, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sexton, J. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feldman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.31.596883</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification and Characterization of the Lipoprotein N-acyltransferase in Bacteroides]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.29.596465v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SLO2.1/NALCN Functional Complex Activity in Mouse Myometrial Smooth Muscle Cells During Pregnancy. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.29.596465v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
At the end of pregnancy, the uterus transitions from a quiescent to a highly contractile state. This is partly due to depolarization of the resting membrane potential in uterine (myometrial) smooth muscle cells (MSMCs). In human MSMCs, the membrane potential is regulated by a functional complex between the sodium (Na+)-activated potassium (K+) channel SLO2.1 and the Na+ Leak Channel Non-Selective (NALCN). Na+ entering through NALCN activates SLO2.1, leading to K+ efflux, membrane hyperpolarization (cells become more negative inside), and reduced contractility. Decreased SLO2.1/NALCN activity results in reduced K+ efflux, leading to membrane depolarization, Ca2+ influx via voltage-dependent calcium channels, and increased MSMC contractility. However, all of these data are from MSMCs isolated from women at term, so the role of the SLO2.1/NALCN complex early in pregnancy was speculative. To address this question here, we examined the role of the SLO2.1/NALCN complex in regulating mouse MSMC membrane potential across pregnancy. We report that Slo2.1 and Nalcn are more highly expressed in MSMCs from non-pregnant and early pregnant mice than in those from late-pregnant mice. Functional studies revealed that SLO2.1 channels mediate a significant portion of the K+ current in mouse MSMCs, particularly in cells from non-pregnant and early pregnant mice. Activation of SLO2.1 by Na+ influx through NALCN led to membrane hyperpolarization in MSMCs from early pregnancy but not in MSMCs from later pregnancy. Moreover, the NALCN/SLO2.1 complex regulates intracellular Ca2+ responses more in MSMCs from non-pregnant and early pregnancy mice than in MSMCs from late pregnancy. Together, these findings reveal that the SLO2.1/NALCN functional complex is conserved between mouse and humans and functions throughout pregnancy. This work could open avenues for targeted pharmacological interventions for pregnancy-related complications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ferreira, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kent, L. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCarthy, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paramsetty, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amazu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitter, G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>England, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santi, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.29.596465</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SLO2.1/NALCN Functional Complex Activity in Mouse Myometrial Smooth Muscle Cells During Pregnancy.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.01.596974v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An Unbiased Proteomic Platform for Activity-based Arginylation Profiling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.01.596974v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein arginylation is an essential posttranslational modification (PTM) catalyzed by arginyl-tRNA-protein transferase 1 (ATE1) in mammalian systems. Arginylation features a post-translational conjugation of an arginyl to a protein, making it extremely challenging to differentiate from translational arginine residues with the same mass in a protein sequence. Here we present a general ATE1-based arginylation profiling platform for the unbiased discovery of arginylation substrates and their precise modification sites. This method integrates isotopic arginine labeling into an ATE1 assay utilizing biological lysates (ex vivo) rather than live cells, thus eliminating translational bias derived from the ribosomal activity and enabling bona fide arginylation identification using isotopic features. The method has been successfully applied to an array of peptide, protein, cell, patient, and animal tissue samples using 20 {micro}g sample input, with 235 unique arginylation sites revealed from human proteomes. Representative sites were validated and followed up for their biological functions. The developed platform is globally applicable to the aforementioned sample types and therefore paves the way for functional studies of this difficult-to-characterize protein modification.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gongora, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zahn, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palai, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Searfoss, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vitorino, F. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dann, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mactaggart, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenberg, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavine, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenberg, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kashina, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.01.596974</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An Unbiased Proteomic Platform for Activity-based Arginylation Profiling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.31.596863v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MAPK13 controls structural remodeling and disease after epithelial injury 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.31.596863v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
All living organisms are charged with repair after injury particularly at epithelial barrier sites, but in some cases this response leads instead to structural remodeling and long-term disease. Identifying the molecular and cellular control of this divergence is key to disease modification. In that regard, stress kinase control of epithelial stem cells is a rational entry point for study. Here we examine the potential for mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 (MAPK13) regulation of epithelial stem cells using models of respiratory viral injury and post-viral lung disease. We show that Mapk13 gene-knockout mice handle acute infectious illness as expected but are protected against structural remodeling manifest as basal-epithelial stem cell (basal-ESC) hyperplasia-metaplasia, immune activation, and mucinous differentiation. In corresponding cell models, Mapk13-deficiency directly attenuates basal-ESC growth and organoid formation. Extension to human studies shows marked induction/activation of basal-cell MAPK13 in clinical samples of comparable remodeling found in asthma and COPD. Here again, MAPK13 gene-knockdown inhibits human basal-ESC growth in culture. Together, the data identify MAPK13 as a control for structural remodeling and disease after epithelial injury and as a suitable target for down-regulation as a disease-modifying strategy.

New and noteworthyThis study identifies a distinct role for stress kinase MAPK13 in controlling the epithelial stem cell response to injury and the consequent development of tissue remodeling. The present model has direct implications for lung injury and subsequent disease triggered by respiratory viruses and other inhaled toxins, but the tissue distribution of MAPK13 implies related actions at other barrier sites. The findings also refine a hypothesis for therapeutic intervention based on proper scaling of MAPK13 function including down-regulation with selective kinase inhibitors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iberg, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin-Declue, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keeler, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wikfors, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yantis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Austin, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Byers, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brody, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crouch, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holtzman, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.31.596863</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MAPK13 controls structural remodeling and disease after epithelial injury]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.01.596914v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Two non-coding variants associated with isolated orofacial cleft promote binding of transcriptional repressors FOXE1 or ETS2 and reduce expression of IRF6 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.01.596914v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Oral facial cleft (OFC) is a multifactorial disorder that can present as a cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) or a cleft palate only. Genome wide association studies (GWAS) of isolated OFC have identified common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the 1q32/IRF6 locus and many other loci where, like IRF6, the presumed OFC-relevant gene is expressed in embryonic oral epithelium. To identify the functional subset of SNPs at eight such loci we conducted a massively parallel reporter assay in a cell line derived from fetal oral epithelium, revealing SNPs with allele-specific effects on enhancer activity. We filtered these against chromatin-mark evidence of enhancers in relevant cell types or tissues, and then tested a subset in traditional reporter assays, yielding six candidates for functional SNPs in five loci (1q32/IRF6, 3q28/TP63, 6p24.3/TFAP2A, 20q12/MAFB, and 9q22.33/FOXE1). We further tested two SNPs near IRF6 and one near FOXE1 by engineering the genome of induced pluripotent stem cells, differentiating the cells into embryonic oral epithelium, and measuring expression of IRF6 or FOXE1 and binding of transcription factors; the results strongly supported their candidacy. Conditional analyses of a meta-analysis of GWAS suggest that the two functional SNPs near IRF6 account for the majority of risk for CL/P associated with variation at this locus. This study connects genetic variation associated with orofacial cleft to mechanisms of pathogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kumari, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedman, R. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curtis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paraiso, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Visel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rhea, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunnwald, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patni, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mar, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bomsztyk, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathieu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruohola-Baker, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leslie, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cornell, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.01.596914</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Two non-coding variants associated with isolated orofacial cleft promote binding of transcriptional repressors FOXE1 or ETS2 and reduce expression of IRF6]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.02.597008v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dengue Virus Surveillance in Nepal Yields the First On-Site Whole Genome Sequences of Isolates from the 2022 Outbreak 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.02.597008v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe 4 serotypes of dengue virus (DENV1-4) can each cause potentially deadly dengue disease, and are spreading globally from tropical and subtropical areas to more temperate ones. Nepal provides a microcosm of this global phenomenon, having met each of these grim benchmarks. To better understand DENV transmission dynamics and spread into new areas, we chose to study dengue in Nepal and, in so doing, to build the onsite infrastructure needed to manage future, larger studies.

Methods and ResultsDuring the 2022 dengue season, we enrolled 384 patients presenting at a hospital in Kathmandu with dengue-like symptoms; 79% of the study participants had active or recent DENV infection (NS1 antigen and IgM). To identify circulating serotypes, we screened serum from 50 of the NS1+ participants by RT-PCR and identified DENV1, 2, and 3 - with DENV1 and 3 codominant. We also performed whole-genome sequencing of DENV, for the first time in Nepal, using our new on-site capacity. Sequencing analysis demonstrated the DENV1 and 3 genomes clustered with sequences reported from India in 2019, and the DENV2 genome clustered with a sequence reported from China in 2018.

ConclusionThese findings highlight DENVs geographic expansion from neighboring countries, identify China and India as the likely origin of the 2022 DENV cases in Nepal, and demonstrate the feasibility of building onsite capacity for more rapid genomic surveillance of circulating DENV. These ongoing efforts promise to protect populations in Nepal and beyond by informing the development and deployment of DENV drugs and vaccines in real time.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Napit, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ngono, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mihindukulasuriya, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pradhan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khadka, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shrestha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Droit, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paredes, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karki, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khatiwada, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chalise, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rawal, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jha, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handley, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shresta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manandhar, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.02.597008</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dengue Virus Surveillance in Nepal Yields the First On-Site Whole Genome Sequences of Isolates from the 2022 Outbreak]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.03.597104v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Direct prediction of intermolecular interactions driven by disordered regions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.03.597104v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) are critical for a wide variety of cellular functions, many of which involve interactions with partner proteins. Molecular recognition is typically considered through the lens of sequence-specific binding events. However, a growing body of work has shown that IDRs often interact with partners in a manner that does not depend on the precise order of the amino acid order, instead driven by complementary chemical interactions leading to disordered bound-state complexes. Despite this emerging paradigm, we lack tools to describe, quantify, predict, and interpret these types of structurally heterogeneous interactions from the underlying amino acid sequences. Here, we repurpose the chemical physics developed originally for molecular simulations to develop an approach for predicting intermolecular interactions between IDRs and partner proteins. Our approach enables the direct prediction of phase diagrams, the identification of chemically-specific interaction hotspots on IDRs, and a route to develop and test mechanistic hypotheses regarding IDR function in the context of molecular recognition. We use our approach to examine a range of systems and questions to highlight its versatility and applicability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ginell, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emenecker, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lotthammer, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Usher, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.03.597104</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Direct prediction of intermolecular interactions driven by disordered regions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.03.597159v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanism of how the universal module XMAP215 γ-TuRC nucleates microtubules 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.03.597159v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
It has become increasingly evident in recent years that nucleation of microtubules from a diverse set of MTOCs requires both the {gamma}-tubulin ring complex ({gamma}-TuRC) and the microtubule polymerase XMAP215. Despite their essentiality, little is known about how these nucleation factors interact and work together to generate microtubules. Using biochemical domain analysis of XMAP215 and structural approaches, we find that a sixth TOG domain in XMAP215 binds {gamma}-TuRC via {gamma}-tubulin as part of a broader interaction involving the C-terminal region. Moreover, TOG6 is required for XMAP215 to promote nucleation from {gamma}-TuRC to its full extent. Interestingly, we find that XMAP215 also depends strongly on TOG5 for microtubule lattice binding and nucleation. Accordingly, we report a cryo-EM structure of TOG5 bound to the microtubule lattice that reveals promotion of lateral interactions between tubulin dimers. Finally, we find that while XMAP215 constructs effects on nucleation are generally proportional to their effects on polymerization, formation of a direct complex with {gamma}-TuRC allows cooperative nucleation activity. Thus, we propose that XMAP215s C-terminal TOGs 5 and 6 play key roles in promoting nucleation by promoting formation of longitudinal and lateral bonds in {gamma}-TuRC templated nascent microtubules at cellular MTOCs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McManus, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Travis, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeffrey, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petry, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.03.597159</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanism of how the universal module XMAP215 γ-TuRC nucleates microtubules]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.04.597353v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
At the onset of active whisking, the input layer of barrel cortex exhibits a 24 h window of increased excitability that depends on prior experience. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.04.597353v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The development of motor control over sensory organs is a critical milestone, enabling active explo-ration and shaping of the sensory environment. Whether the onset of sensory organ motor control directly influences the development of corresponding sensory cortices remains unknown. Here, we confirm and exploit the late onset of whisking behavior in mice to address this question in the somatosensory system. Using ex vivo electrophysiology, we describe a transient increase in the intrinsic excitability of excitatory neurons in layer IV of the barrel cortex, which processes whisker input, immediately following the onset of active whisking around on postnatal days 13 and 14. This increase in neuronal gain is specific to layer IV, independent of changes in synaptic strength, and requires prior sensory experience. Further, these effects are not expressed in inhibitory in-terneurons in barrel cortex. The transient increase in excitability is not evident in layer II/III of barrel cortex or in the visual cortex upon eye opening, suggesting a unique interaction between the development of active sensing and the thalamocortical input layer in the somatosensory iso-cortex. Predictive modeling indicates that, immediately following the onset of active whisking, changes in active membrane conductances alone can reliably distinguish neurons in control but not whisker-deprived hemispheres. Our findings demonstrate an experience-dependent, lamina-specific refinement of neuronal excitability tightly linked to the emergence of active whisking. This tran-sient increase in the gain of the thalamic input layer coincides with a critical period for synaptic plasticity in downstream layers, suggesting a role in cortical maturation and sensory processing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shallow, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lefton, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Culver, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lambo, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hengen, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.04.597353</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[At the onset of active whisking, the input layer of barrel cortex exhibits a 24 h window of increased excitability that depends on prior experience.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.04.597473v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AGS3-based optogenetic GDI induces GPCR-independent Gβγ signaling and macrophage migration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.04.597473v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are efficient Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and exchange GDP to GTP on the G subunit of G protein heterotrimers in response to various extracellular stimuli, including neurotransmitters and light. GPCRs primarily broadcast signals through activated G proteins, GGTP, and free G{beta}{gamma} and are major disease drivers. Evidence shows that the ambient low threshold signaling required for cells is likely supplemented by signaling regulators such as non-GPCR GEFs and Guanine nucleotide Dissociation Inhibitors (GDIs). Activators of G protein Signaling 3 (AGS3) are recognized as a GDI involved in multiple health and disease-related processes. Nevertheless, understanding of AGS3 is limited, and no significant information is available on its structure-function relationship or signaling regulation in living cells. Here, we employed in silico structure-guided engineering of a novel optogenetic GDI, based on the AGS3s G protein regulatory (GPR) motif, to understand its GDI activity and induce standalone G{beta}{gamma} signaling in living cells on optical command. Our results demonstrate that plasma membrane recruitment of OptoGDI efficiently releases G{beta}{gamma}, and its subcellular targeting generated localized PIP3 and triggered macrophage migration. Therefore, we propose OptoGDI as a powerful tool for optically dissecting GDI-mediated signaling pathways and triggering GPCR-independent G{beta}{gamma} signaling in cells and in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thotamune, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ubeysinghe, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajarathna, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kankanamge, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olupothage, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Copits, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karunarathne, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.04.597473</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AGS3-based optogenetic GDI induces GPCR-independent Gβγ signaling and macrophage migration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.04.597367v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Expression of a single inhibitory Ly49 receptor is sufficient to license NK cells for effector functions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.04.597367v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Natural killer (NK) cells recognize target cells through germline-encoded activation and inhibitory receptors enabling effective immunity against viruses and cancer. The Ly49 receptor family in the mouse and killer immunoglobin-like receptor family in humans play a central role in NK cell immunity through recognition of MHC class I and related molecules. Functionally, these receptor families are involved in licensing and rejection of MHC-I-deficient cells through missing-self. The Ly49 family is highly polymorphic, making it challenging to detail the contributions of individual Ly49 receptors to NK cell function. Herein, we showed mice lacking expression of all Ly49s were unable to reject missing-self target cells in vivo, were defective in NK cell licensing, and displayed lower KLRG1 on the surface of NK cells. Expression of Ly49A alone on a H-2Dd background restored missing-self target cell rejection, NK cell licensing, and NK cell KLRG1 expression. Thus, a single inhibitory Ly49 receptor is sufficient to license NK cells and mediate missing-self in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Piersma, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bern, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poursine-Laurent, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beckman, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parikh, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yokoyama, W. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.04.597367</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Expression of a single inhibitory Ly49 receptor is sufficient to license NK cells for effector functions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.08.598059v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural circuit-selective, multiplexed pharmacological targeting of prefrontal cortex-projecting locus coeruleus neurons drives antinociception 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.08.598059v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Selective manipulation of neural circuits using optogenetics and chemogenetics holds great translational potential but requires genetic access to neurons. Here, we demonstrate a general framework for identifying genetic tool-independent, pharmacological strategies for neural circuit-selective modulation. We developed an economically accessible calcium imaging-based approach for large-scale pharmacological scans of endogenous receptor-mediated neural activity. As a testbed for this approach, we used the mouse locus coeruleus due to the combination of its widespread, modular efferent neural circuitry and its wide variety of endogenously expressed GPCRs. Using machine learning-based action potential deconvolution and retrograde tracing, we identified an agonist cocktail that selectively inhibits medial prefrontal cortex-projecting locus coeruleus neurons. In vivo, this cocktail produces synergistic antinociception, consistent with selective pharmacological blunting of this neural circuit. This framework has broad utility for selective targeting of other neural circuits under different physiological and pathological states, facilitating non-genetic translational applications arising from cell type-selective discoveries.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kuo, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCall, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.08.598059</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural circuit-selective, multiplexed pharmacological targeting of prefrontal cortex-projecting locus coeruleus neurons drives antinociception]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.06.597841v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Loss of mitochondrial pyruvate transport initiates cardiac glycogen accumulation and heart failure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.06.597841v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Heart failure involves metabolic alterations including increased glycolysis despite unchanged or decreased glucose oxidation. The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) regulates pyruvate entry into the mitochondrial matrix, and cardiac deletion of the MPC in mice causes heart failure. How MPC deletion results in heart failure is unknown. We performed targeted metabolomics and isotope tracing in wildtype (fl/fl) and cardiac-specific Mpc2-/- (CS-Mpc2-/-) hearts after in vivo injection of U-13C-glucose. Failing CS-Mpc2-/- hearts contained normal levels of ATP and phosphocreatine, yet these hearts displayed increased enrichment from U-13C-glucose and increased glycolytic metabolite pool sizes. 13C enrichment and pool size was also increased for the glycogen intermediate UDP-glucose, as well as increased enrichment of the glycogen pool. Glycogen levels were increased [~]6-fold in the failing CS-Mpc2-/- hearts, and glycogen granules were easily detected by electron microscopy. In young, non-failing CS-Mpc2-/- hearts, increased glycolytic 13C enrichment occurred, but glycogen levels remained low and unchanged compared to fl/fl hearts. Inhibiting glycogen synthase with MZ-101 reduced cardiac glycogen levels and improved heart failure. Feeding a ketogenic diet to CS-Mpc2-/- mice reversed the heart failure and normalized the cardiac glycogen and glycolytic metabolite accumulation. Cardiac glycogen levels were also elevated in mice infused with angiotensin-II, and both the cardiac hypertrophy and glycogen levels were improved by ketogenic diet. Thus, loss of MPC in the heart causes glycogen accumulation and heart failure, while inhibition of glycogen synthesis or a ketogenic diet can reverse both the glycogen accumulation and heart failure.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Weiss, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pyles, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisher, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patti, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCommis, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.06.597841</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Loss of mitochondrial pyruvate transport initiates cardiac glycogen accumulation and heart failure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.08.597928v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Endothelin B receptor inhibition rescues aging-dependent neuronal regenerative decline 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.08.597928v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Peripheral sensory neurons regenerate their axons after injury to regain function, but this ability declines with age. The mechanisms behind this decline are not fully understood. While excessive production of endothelin 1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor, is linked to many diseases that increase with age, the role of ET-1 and its receptors in axon regeneration is unknown. Using single cell RNA sequencing, we show that satellite glial cells (SGCs), which completely envelop the sensory neuron soma residing in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), express the endothelin B receptor (ETBR), while ET-1 is expressed by endothelial cells. Inhibition of ETBR ex-vivo in DRG explant cultures improves axon growth in both adult and aged conditions. In vivo, treatment with the FDA-approved compound, Bosentan, improves axon regeneration and reverses the age-dependent decrease in axonal regenerative capacity. Single-nuclei RNA sequencing and electron microscopy analyses reveal a decreased abundance of SGCs in aged mice compared to adult mice. Additionally, the decreased expression of connexin 43 (Cx43) in SGCs in aged mice after nerve injury is partially rescued by Bosentan treatment. These results reveal that inhibiting ETBR function enhances axon regeneration and rescues the age-dependent decrease in axonal regenerative capacity, providing a potential avenue for future therapies.

One Sentence SummaryInhibition of endothelin signaling improves nerve regeneration after central and peripheral injuries and counters age-related regenerative decline.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Feng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ansari, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sebastian, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomson, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geoffroy, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cavalli, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.08.597928</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Endothelin B receptor inhibition rescues aging-dependent neuronal regenerative decline]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.09.598079v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lipid-siRNA conjugate accesses a perivascular transport mechanism and achieves widespread and durable knockdown in the central nervous system 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.09.598079v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Short-interfering RNA (siRNA) has gained significant interest for treatment of neurological diseases by providing the capacity to achieve sustained inhibition of nearly any gene target. Yet, efficacious drug delivery throughout deep brain structures of the CNS remains a considerable hurdle for intrathecally administered therapeutics. We herein describe an albumin-binding lipid-siRNA conjugate that transports along meningeal and perivascular CSF pathways, leading to broad dispersion throughout the CNS parenchyma. We provide a detailed examination of the temporal kinetics of gene silencing, highlighting potent knockdown for up to five months from a single injection without detectable toxicity. Single-cell RNA sequencing further demonstrates gene silencing activity across diverse cell populations in the parenchyma and at brain borders, which may provide new avenues for neurological disease-modifying therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sorets, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwensen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Francini, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kjar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdulrahman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shostak, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katdare, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schoch, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cowell, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ligocki, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ford, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ventura-Antunes, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoogenboezem, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prusky, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castleberry, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michell, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vickers, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schrag, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duvall, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lippmann, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.09.598079</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lipid-siRNA conjugate accesses a perivascular transport mechanism and achieves widespread and durable knockdown in the central nervous system]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.10.598183v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantifying the genomic determinants of fitness in E. coli ST131 using phylodynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.10.598183v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Antimicrobial resistant pathogens such as Escherichia coli sequence type 131 (ST131) pose a serious threat to public health globally. In the United States, ST131 acquired multiple antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and rapidly grew to its current high prevalence in healthcare settings. Notably, this coincided with the introduction and widespread use of antibiotics such as fluoroquinolones, suggesting AMR as the major driver of ST131s expansion. Yet, within ST131, there remains considerable diversity between strains in resistance profiles and their repertoires of virulence factors, stress factors, plasmids, and other accessory elements. Understanding which genomic features contribute to ST131s competitive advantage and their relative effects on population-level fitness therefore poses a considerable challenge. Here we use phylodynamic birth-death models to estimate the relative fitness of different ST131 lineages from bacterial phylogenies. By extending these phylodynamic methods to allow multiple genomic features to shape bacterial fitness, we further quantify the relative contribution of individual AMR genes to ST131s fitness. Our analysis indicates that while many genomic elements, including various AMR genes, virulence factors, and plasmids, have all contributed substantially to ST131s rapid growth, major increases in ST131s fitness are largely attributable to mutations in gyrase A that confer resistance to fluoroquinolones.

Author summaryST131 is a pandemic lineage of E. coli that has spread globally and is now responsible for a large percentage of blood and urinary tract infections that cannot be treated with many common antibiotics. While antibiotic resistance has undoubtedly given ST131 a competitive edge, the relative importance of resistance compared with other factors shaping a pathogens growth or transmission potential (i.e. fitness) is often difficult to measure in natural settings. Here, we present a method that allows us to look at the entire spectrum of factors determining a pathogens fitness and estimate the individual contribution of each component to pathogens overall fitness. Our results suggest that resistance to fluoroquinolones, a widely used class of antibiotics, provides ST131 with a disproportionately large fitness advantage relative to many other factors with more moderate fitness effects. Understanding what determines the fitness of ST131 therefore provides insights that can be used to curb the spread of resistance and monitor for emerging lineages with high pandemic potential due to shared fitness enhancing attributes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kepler, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jara, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahmud, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dantas, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dubberke, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lanzas, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasmussen, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.10.598183</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantifying the genomic determinants of fitness in E. coli ST131 using phylodynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.10.598283v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bred for affection: The canine anterior ectosylvian gyrus responds selectively to social reinforcement 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.10.598283v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Studying mammalian brain function aids our understanding of human brain evolution. We implanted a beagle with a prototype human neuromodulation platform that measures activity from the brain surface. One year later, a set of simple sensory tasks was performed, finding visual and somatosensory representation in the canine homologs of the expected areas in humans. Surprisingly, the canine anterior ectosylvian gyrus, which is anatomically homologous to human receptive speech areas, was selectively active during independent social reinforcement tasks. This suggests that human speech understanding may have evolved from more general mammalian brain structures that are specialized for social reinforcement.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Miller, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lampert, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mivalt, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ince, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kremen, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van den Boom, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hermes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coenen, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schalk, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunner, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Worrell, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.10.598283</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bred for affection: The canine anterior ectosylvian gyrus responds selectively to social reinforcement]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.08.597602v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Barcoded SARS-CoV-2 viruses define the impact of time and route of transmission on the transmission bottleneck in a Syrian hamster model. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.08.597602v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The transmission bottleneck, defined as the number of viruses that transmit from one host to infect another, is an important determinant of the rate of virus evolution and the level of immunity required to protect against virus transmission. Despite its importance, SARS-CoV-2s transmission bottleneck remains poorly characterized, in part due to a lack of quantitative measurement tools. To address this, we adapted a SARS-CoV-2 reverse genetics system to generate a pool of >200 isogenic SARS-CoV-2 viruses harboring specific 6-nucleotide barcodes inserted in ORF10, a non-translated ORF. We directly inoculated donor Syrian hamsters intranasally with this barcoded virus pool and exposed a paired naive contact hamster to each donor. Following exposure, the nasal turbinates, trachea, and lungs were collected, viral titers were measured, and the number of barcodes in each tissue were enumerated to quantify the transmission bottleneck. The duration and route (airborne, direct contact, and fomite) of exposure were varied to assess their impact on the transmission bottleneck. In airborne-exposed hamsters, the transmission bottleneck increased with longer exposure durations. We found that direct contact exposure produced the largest transmission bottleneck (average 27 BCs), followed by airborne exposure (average 16 BCs) then fomite exposure (average 8 BCs). Interestingly, we detected unique BCs in both the upper and lower respiratory tract of contact animals from all routes of exposure, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 can directly infect hamster lungs. Altogether, these findings highlight the utility of barcoded viruses as tools to rigorously study virus transmission. In the future, barcoded SARS-CoV-2 will strengthen studies of immune factors that influence virus transmission.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Trende, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darling, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.08.597602</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Barcoded SARS-CoV-2 viruses define the impact of time and route of transmission on the transmission bottleneck in a Syrian hamster model.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.10.598383v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evaluation of Machine Learning Models for Aqueous Solubility Prediction in Drug Discovery 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.10.598383v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Determining the aqueous solubility of the chemical compound is of great importance in-silico drug discovery. However, correctly and rapidly predicting the aqueous solubility remains a challenging task. This paper explores and evaluates the predictability of multiple machine learning models in the aqueous solubility of compounds. Specifically, we apply a series of machine learning algorithms, including Random Forest, XG-Boost, LightGBM, and CatBoost, on a well-established aqueous solubility dataset (i. e., the Huuskonen dataset) of over 1200 compounds. Experimental results show that even traditional machine learning algorithms can achieve satisfactory performance with high accuracy. In addition, our investigation goes beyond mere prediction accuracy, delving into the interpretability of models to identify key features and understand the molecular properties that influence the predicted outcomes. This study sheds light on the ability to use machine learning approaches to predict compound solubility, significantly shortening the time that researchers spend on new drug discovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.10.598383</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evaluation of Machine Learning Models for Aqueous Solubility Prediction in Drug Discovery]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.10.598284v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stat3-mediated Atg7 expression enhances anti-tumor immunity in melanoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.10.598284v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Epigenetic modifications to DNA and chromatin control oncogenic and tumor suppressive mechanisms in melanoma. EZH2, the catalytic component of the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which mediates methylation of lysine 27 on histone 3 (H3K27me3), can regulate both melanoma initiation and progression. We previously found that mutant Ezh2Y641F interacts with the immune regulator Stat3 and together they affect anti-tumor immunity. However, given the numerous downstream targets and pathways affected by EZH2, many mechanisms that determine its oncogenic activity remain largely unexplored. Using genetically engineered mouse models we further investigated the role of pathways downstream of EZH2 in melanoma carcinogenesis and identified significant enrichment in several autophagy signatures, along with increased expression of autophagy regulators, such as Atg7. In this study, we investigated the effect of Atg7 on melanoma growth and tumor immunity within the context of an Ezh2Y641F epigenetic state. We found that expression of Atg7 is largely dependent on Stat3 expression and that deletion of Atg7 slows down melanoma cell growth in vivo, but not in vitro. Atg7 deletion also results in increased CD8+ T cells and reduced myelosuppressive cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment, suggesting a strong immune system contribution in the role of Atg7 in melanoma progression. These findings highlight the complex interplay between genetic mutations, epigenetic regulators, and autophagy in shaping tumor immunity in melanoma.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zimmerman, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suh, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Souroullas, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.10.598284</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stat3-mediated Atg7 expression enhances anti-tumor immunity in melanoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.10.598315v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phosphorylation of disordered proteins tunes local and global intramolecular interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.10.598315v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, are important regulatory signals for diverse cellular functions. In particular, intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDRs) are subject to phosphorylation as a means to modulate their interactions and functions. Toward understanding the relationship between phosphorylation in IDRs and specific functional outcomes, we must consider how phosphorylation affects the IDR conformational ensemble. Various experimental techniques are suited to interrogate the features of IDR ensembles; molecular simulations can provide complementary insights and even illuminate ensemble features that may be experimentally inaccessible. Therefore, we sought to expand the tools available to study phosphorylated IDRs by all-atom Monte Carlo simulations. To this end, we implemented parameters for phosphoserine (pSer) and phosphothreonine (pThr) into the OPLS version of the continuum solvent model, ABSINTH, and assessed their performance in all-atom simulations compared to published findings. We simulated short (< 20 residues) and long (> 80 residues) phospho-IDRs that, collectively, survey both local and global phosphorylation-induced changes to the ensemble. Our simulations of four well-studied phospho-IDRs show near-quantitative agreement with published findings for these systems via metrics including changes to radius of gyration, transient helicity, and persistence length. We also leveraged the inherent advantage of sequence control in molecular simulations to explore the conformational effects of diverse combinations of phospho-sites in two multi-phosphorylated IDRs. Our results support and expand on prior observations that connect phosphorylation to changes in the IDR conformational ensemble. Herein, we describe phosphorylation as a means to alter sequence chemistry, net charge and charge patterning, and intramolecular interactions, which can collectively modulate the local and global IDR ensemble features.

SIGNIFICANCESpatially and temporally controlled phosphorylation in disordered protein regions is critical to many facets of protein function and broader cellular health. Intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDRs) are overrepresented as targets of phosphorylation, but the structural and functional consequences of such modifications remain elusive for many systems. Toward rigorous modeling of phosphorylated IDRs using all-atom simulations, we present new parameters for phosphoserine and phosphothreonine for the ABSINTH implicit solvent paradigm. Through the study of four example phospho-IDRs, we demonstrate excellent agreement between our phospho-IDR simulations and published datasets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Usher, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fossat, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.10.598315</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phosphorylation of disordered proteins tunes local and global intramolecular interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.11.598539v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Endothelial cell Piezo1 promotes vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation on large arteries 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.11.598539v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Vascular stabilization is a mechanosensitive process, in part driven by blood flow. Here, we demonstrate the involvement of the mechanosensitive ion channel, Piezo1, in promoting arterial accumulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) during zebrafish development. Using a series of small molecule antagonists or agonists to temporally regulate Piezo1 activity, we identified a role for the Piezo1 channel in regulating klf2a levels and altered targeting of vSMCs between arteries and veins. Increasing Piezo1 activity suppressed klf2a and increased vSMC association with the cardinal vein, while inhibition of Piezo1 activity increased klf2a levels and decreased vSMC association with arteries. We supported the small molecule data with in vivo genetic suppression of piezo1 and 2 in zebrafish, resulting in loss of transgelin+ vSMCs on the dorsal aorta. Further, endothelial cell (EC)-specific Piezo1 knockout in mice was sufficient to decrease vSMC accumulation along the descending dorsal aorta during development, thus phenocopying our zebrafish data, and supporting functional conservation of Piezo1 in mammals. To determine mechanism, we used in vitro modeling assays to demonstrate that differential sensing of pulsatile versus laminar flow forces across endothelial cells changes the expression of mural cell differentiation genes. Together, our findings suggest a crucial role for EC Piezo1 in sensing force within large arteries to mediate mural cell differentiation and stabilization of the arterial vasculature.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Abello, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maurer, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bodell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clevenger, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burton, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goeckel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grainger, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halabi, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raghavan, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sah, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stratman, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.11.598539</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Endothelial cell Piezo1 promotes vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation on large arteries]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.12.598257v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Feasibility of Stereo EEG Based Brain Computer Interfacing in An Adult and Pediatric Cohort 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.12.598257v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionStereoelectroencephalography (sEEG) is a mesoscale intracranial monitoring method which records from the brain volumetrically with depth electrodes. Implementation of sEEG in BCI has not been well-described across a diverse patient cohort.

MethodsAcross eighteen subjects, channels with high frequency broadband (HFB, 65-115Hz) power increases during hand, tongue, or foot movements during a motor screening task were provided real-time feedback based on these HFB power changes to control a cursor on a screen.

ResultsSeventeen subjects established successful control of the overt motor BCI, but only nine were able to control imagery BCI with[&ge;] 80% accuracy. In successful imagery BCI, HFB power in the two target conditions separated into distinct subpopulations, which appear to engage unique subnetworks of the motor cortex compared to cued movement or imagery alone.

ConclusionsEEG-based motor BCI utilizing overt movement and kinesthetic imagery is robust across patient ages and cortical regions with substantial differences in learning proficiency between real or imagined movement.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jensen, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schalk, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ince, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hermes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunner, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.12.598257</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Feasibility of Stereo EEG Based Brain Computer Interfacing in An Adult and Pediatric Cohort]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.11.596744v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An optimized and robust workflow for quantifying the canonical histone ubiquitination marks H2AK119ub and H2BK120ub by LC-MS/MS 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.11.596744v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The eukaryotic genome is packaged around histone proteins, which are subject to a myriad of post-translational modifications. By controlling DNA accessibility and the recruitment of protein complexes that mediate chromatin-related processes, these modifications constitute a key mechanism of epigenetic regulation. Since mass spectrometry can easily distinguish between these different modifications, it has become an essential technique in deciphering the histone code. Although robust LC-MS/MS methods are available to analyze modifications on the histone N-terminal tails, routine methods for characterizing ubiquitin marks on histone C-terminal regions, especially H2AK119ub, are less robust. Here we report the development of a simple workflow for the detection and improved quantification of the canonical histone ubiquitination marks H2AK119ub and H2BK120ub. The method entails a fully tryptic digestion of acid-extracted histones followed by derivatization with heavy or light propionic anhydride. A pooled sample is then spiked into oppositely labeled single samples as a reference channel for relative quantification, and data is acquired using PRM-based nanoLC-MS/MS. We validated our approach with synthetic peptides as well as treatments known to modulate the levels of H2AK119ub and H2BK120ub. This new method complements existing histone workflows, largely focused on the lysine-rich N-terminal regions, by extending modification analysis to other sequence contexts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lopes, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lund, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.11.596744</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An optimized and robust workflow for quantifying the canonical histone ubiquitination marks H2AK119ub and H2BK120ub by LC-MS/MS]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.11.598489v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cathartocytosis: How Cells Jettison Unwanted Material as They Reprogram 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.11.598489v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Injury can cause differentiated cells to undergo massive reprogramming to become proliferative to repair tissue via a cellular program called paligenosis. Gastric digestive-enzyme-secreting chief cells use paligenosis to reprogram into progenitor-like Spasmolytic-Polypeptide Expressing Metaplasia (SPEM) cells. Stage 1 of paligenosis is the downscaling of mature cell architecture via a process involving lysosomes. Here, we noticed that sulfated glycoproteins were not only digested during paligenosis but also excreted into the gland lumen. Various genetic and pharmacological approaches showed that endoplasmic reticulum membranes and secretory granule cargo were also excreted and that the process proceeded in parallel with, but was mechanistically independent of autophagy. 3-dimensional light and electron-microscopy demonstrated that excretion occurred via unique, complex, multi-chambered invaginations of the apical plasma membrane. As this lysosome-independent cell cleansing process does not seem to have been priorly described, we termed it "cathartocytosis". Cathartocytosis allows a cell to rapidly eject excess material without waiting for autophagic and lysosomal digestion. We speculate the ejection of sulfated glycoproteins would aid in downscaling and might also help bind and flush pathogens away from tissue.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brown, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicolazzi, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radyk, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burclaff, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mills, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.11.598489</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cathartocytosis: How Cells Jettison Unwanted Material as They Reprogram]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.11.598515v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Elevated phagocytic capacity directs innate spinal cord repair 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.11.598515v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Immune cells elicit a continuum of transcriptional and functional states after spinal cord injury (SCI). In mammals, inefficient debris clearance and chronic inflammation impede recovery and overshadow pro-regenerative immune functions. We found that, unlike mammals, zebrafish SCI elicits transient immune activation and efficient debris clearance, without causing chronic inflammation. Single-cell transcriptomics and inducible genetic ablation showed zebrafish macrophages are highly phagocytic and required for regeneration. Cross-species comparisons between zebrafish and mammalian macrophages identified transcription and immune response regulator (tcim) as a macrophage-enriched zebrafish gene. Genetic deletion of zebrafish tcim impairs phagocytosis and regeneration, causes aberrant and chronic immune activation, and can be rescued by transplanting wild-type immune precursors into tcim mutants. Conversely, genetic expression of human TCIM accelerates debris clearance and regeneration by reprogramming myeloid precursors into activated phagocytes. This study establishes a central requirement for elevated phagocytic capacity to achieve innate spinal cord repair.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shaw, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saraswathy, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McAdow, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mote, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mokalled, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.11.598515</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Elevated phagocytic capacity directs innate spinal cord repair]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.11.598543v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Direct computations of viscoelastic moduli of biomolecular condensates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.11.598543v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In vitro facsimiles of biomolecular condensates are formed by different types of intrinsically disordered proteins including prion-like low complexity domains (PLCDs). PLCD condensates are viscoelastic materials defined by time-dependent, sequence-specific complex shear moduli. Here, we show that viscoelastic moduli can be computed directly using a generalization of the Rouse model and information regarding intra- and inter-chain contacts that is extracted from equilibrium configurations of lattice-based Metropolis Monte Carlo (MMC) simulations. The key ingredient of the generalized Rouse model is the Zimm matrix that we compute from equilibrium MMC simulations. We compute two flavors of Zimm matrices, one referred to as the single-chain model that accounts only for intra-chain contacts, and the other referred to as a collective model, that accounts for inter-chain interactions. The single-chain model systematically overestimates the storage and loss moduli, whereas the collective model reproduces the measured moduli with greater fidelity. However, in the long time, low-frequency domain, a mixture of the two models proves to be most accurate. In line with the theory of Rouse, we find that a continuous distribution of relaxation times exists in condensates. The single crossover frequency between dominantly elastic versus dominantly viscous behaviors is influenced by the totality of the relaxation modes. Hence, our analysis suggests that viscoelastic fluid-like condensates are best described as generalized Maxwell fluids. Finally, we show that the complex shear moduli can be used to solve an inverse problem to obtain distributions of relaxation times that underlie the dynamics within condensates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cohen, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.11.598543</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Direct computations of viscoelastic moduli of biomolecular condensates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.12.598746v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sex-biased gene expression precedes sexual dimorphism in the agonadal annelid Platynereis dumerilii 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.12.598746v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gametogenesis is the process by which germ cells differentiate into mature sperm and oocytes, cells essential for sexual reproduction. The sex-specific molecular programs that drive spermatogenesis and oogenesis can also serve as sex identification markers. Platynereis dumerilii is a research organism that has been studied in many areas of developmental biology. However investigations often disregard sex, as P. dumerilii juveniles lack sexual dimorphism. The molecular mechanisms of gametogenesis in the segmented worm P. dumerilii are also largely unknown. In this study, we used RNA sequencing to investigate the transcriptomic profiles of gametogenesis in P. dumerilii juveniles. Our analysis revealed that sex-biased gene expression becomes increasingly pronounced during the advanced developmental stages, particularly during the meiotic phases of gametogenesis. We identified conserved genes associated with spermatogenesis, such as dmrt1, and a novel gene psmt, that is associated with oogenesis. Additionally, putative long non-coding RNAs were upregulated in both male and female gametogenic programs. This study provides a foundational resource for germ cell research in P. dumerilii, markers for sex identification, and offers comparative data to enhance our understanding of the evolution of gametogenesis mechanisms across species.

Summary statementThis study provides insights into the mechanisms of gametogenesis in Platynereis dumerilii through comparative transcriptomics, unveiling sex-biased genes, including conserved and novel genes, governing this largely unexplored process.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ribeiro, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Null, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozpolat, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.12.598746</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sex-biased gene expression precedes sexual dimorphism in the agonadal annelid Platynereis dumerilii]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.13.598874v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Revealing heterogeneity in dementia using data-driven unsupervised clustering of cognitive profiles 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.13.598874v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dementia is characterized by a decline in memory and thinking that is significant enough to impair function in activities of daily living. Patients seen in dementia specialty clinics are highly heterogenous with a variety of different symptoms that progress at different rates. Recent research has focused on finding data-driven subtypes for revealing new insights into dementias underlying heterogeneity, compared to analyzing the entire cohort as a single homogeneous group. However, current studies on dementia subtyping have the following limitations: (i) focusing on AD-related dementia only and not examining heterogeneity within dementia as a whole, (ii) using only cross-sectional baseline visit information for clustering and (iii) predominantly relying on expensive imaging biomarkers as features for clustering. In this study, we seek to overcome such limitations, using a data-driven unsupervised clustering algorithm named SillyPutty, in combination with hierarchical clustering on cognitive assessment scores to estimate subtypes within a real-world clinical dementia cohort. We use a longitudinal patient data set for our clustering analysis, instead of relying only on baseline visits, allowing us to explore the ongoing temporal relationship between subtypes and disease progression over time. Results showed that subtypes with very mild or mild dementia were more heterogenous in their cognitive profiles and risk of disease progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kumar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schindler, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghoshal, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abrams, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payne, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.13.598874</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Revealing heterogeneity in dementia using data-driven unsupervised clustering of cognitive profiles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.12.598760v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Immunological correlates of protection mediated by a whole organism Cryptococcus neoformans vaccine deficient in chitosan 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.12.598760v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The global burden of infections due to the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus is substantial in persons with low CD4+ T cell counts. Previously, we deleted three chitin deacetylase genes from C. neoformans to create a chitosan-deficient, avirulent strain, designated cda1{Delta}2{Delta}3{Delta} which, when used as a vaccine, protected mice from challenge with virulent C. neoformans strain KN99. Here, we explored the immunological basis for protection. Vaccine-mediated protection was maintained in mice lacking B cells or CD8+ T cells. In contrast, protection was lost in mice lacking /{beta} T cells or CD4+ T cells. Moreover, CD4+ T cells from vaccinated mice conferred protection upon adoptive transfer to naive mice. Importantly, while monoclonal antibody-mediated depletion of CD4+ T cells just prior to vaccination resulted in complete loss of protection, significant protection was retained in mice depleted of CD4+ T cells after vaccination, but prior to challenge. Vaccine-mediated protection was lost in mice genetically deficient in IFN{gamma}, TNF, or IL-23p19. A robust influx of leukocytes and IFN{gamma}- and TNF-expressing CD4+ T cells was seen in the lungs of vaccinated and challenged mice. Finally, a higher level of IFN{gamma} production by lung cells stimulated ex vivo correlated with lower fungal burden in the lungs. Thus, while B cells and CD8+ T cells are dispensable, IFN{gamma} and CD4+ T cells have overlapping roles in generating protective immunity prior to cda1{Delta}2{Delta}3{Delta} vaccination. However, once vaccinated, protection becomes less dependent on CD4+ T cells, suggesting a strategy for vaccinating HIV+ persons prior to loss of CD4+ T cells.

ImportanceThe fungus Cryptococcus neoformans is responsible for >100,000 deaths annually, mostly in persons with impaired CD4+ T cell function such as AIDS. There are no approved human vaccines. We previously created a genetically engineered avirulent strain of C. neoformans, designated cda1{Delta}2{Delta}3{Delta}. When used as a vaccine, cda1{Delta}2{Delta}3{Delta} protects mice against a subsequent challenge with a virulent C. neoformans strain. Here, we defined components of the immune system responsible for vaccine-mediated protection. We found that while B cells and CD8+ T cells were dispensible, protection was lost in mice genetically deficient in CD4+ T cells, and the cytokines IFN{gamma}, TNF, or IL-23. A robust influx of cytokine-producing CD4+ T cells was seen in the lungs of vaccinated mice following infection. Importantly, protection was retained in mice depleted of CD4+ T cells following vaccination, suggesting a strategy to protect persons who are at risk for future CD4+ T cell dysfunction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Specht, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliveira, L. V. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hester, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hole, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lam, W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Upadhya, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lodge, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levitz, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.12.598760</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Immunological correlates of protection mediated by a whole organism Cryptococcus neoformans vaccine deficient in chitosan]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.13.598749v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A sensorimotor-association axis of thalamocortical connection development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.13.598749v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human cortical development follows a sensorimotor-to-association sequence during childhood and adolescence1-6. The brains capacity to enact this sequence over decades indicates that it relies on intrinsic mechanisms to regulate inter-regional differences in the timing of cortical maturation, yet regulators of human developmental chronology are not well understood. Given evidence from animal models that thalamic axons modulate windows of cortical plasticity7-12, here we evaluate the overarching hypothesis that structural connections between the thalamus and cortex help to coordinate cortical maturational heterochronicity during youth. We first introduce, cortically annotate, and anatomically validate a new atlas of human thalamocortical connections using diffusion tractography. By applying this atlas to three independent youth datasets (ages 8-23 years; total N = 2,676), we reproducibly demonstrate that thalamocortical connections develop along a maturational gradient that aligns with the cortexs sensorimotor-association axis. Associative cortical regions with thalamic connections that take longest to mature exhibit protracted expression of neurochemical, structural, and functional markers indicative of higher circuit plasticity as well as heightened environmental sensitivity. This work highlights a central role for the thalamus in the orchestration of hierarchically organized and environmentally sensitive windows of cortical developmental malleability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sydnor, V. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagautdinova, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larsen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arcaro, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barch, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bassett, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexander-Bloch, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Covitz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franco, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gur, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gur, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mackey, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehta, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meisler, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milham, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muller, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roalf, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schubiner, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seidlitz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shinohara, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shine, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, F.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cieslak, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satterthwaite, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.13.598749</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A sensorimotor-association axis of thalamocortical connection development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.13.598903v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The C-terminal activating domain promotes Panx1 channel opening 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.13.598903v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pannexin 1 (Panx1) constitutes a large pore channel responsible for the release of ATP from apoptotic cells. Strong evidence indicates that caspase-mediated cleavage of the C-terminus promotes the opening of the Panx1 channel by unplugging the pore. However, this simple pore- plugging mechanism alone cannot account for the observation that a Panx1 construct ending before the caspase cleavage site remains closed. Here, we show that a helical region located immediately before the caspase cleavage site, referred to as the "C-terminal activating domain (CAD)," plays a pivotal role in facilitating Panx1 activation. Electrophysiology and mutagenesis studies uncovered that two conserved leucine residues within the CAD plays a pivotal role. Cryo- EM analysis of the construct ending before reaching the CAD demonstrated that the N-terminus extends into an intracellular pocket. In contrast, the construct including the CAD revealed that this domain occupies the intracellular pocket, causing the N-terminus to flip upward within the pore. Analysis of electrostatic free energy landscape in the closed conformation indicated that the intracellular side of the ion permeation pore may be occupied by anions like ATP, creating an electrostatic barrier for anions attempting to permeate the pore. When the N-terminus flips up, it diminishes the positively charged surface, thereby reducing the drive to accumulate anions inside the pore. This dynamic change in the electrostatic landscape likely contributes to the selection of permeant ions. Collectively, these experiments put forth a novel mechanism in which C-terminal cleavage liberates the CAD, causing the repositioning of the N-terminus to promote Panx1 channel opening.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Henze, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ehrlich, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robertson, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawate, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.13.598903</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The C-terminal activating domain promotes Panx1 channel opening]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.14.599033v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
δ-containing GABAA receptors on parvalbumin interneurons modulate neuronal excitability and network dynamics in the mouse medial prefrontal cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.14.599033v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), fast-spiking parvalbumin (PV) interneurons regulate excitability and microcircuit oscillatory activity important for cognition. Although PV interneurons inhibit pyramidal neurons, they themselves express {delta} subunits of GABAA receptors important for slow inhibition. However, the specific contribution of {delta}-containing GABAA receptors to the function of PV interneurons in mPFC is unclear. We explored cellular, synaptic, and local-circuit activity in PV interneurons and pyramidal neurons in mouse mPFC after selectively deleting {delta} subunits in PV interneurons (cKO mice). In current-clamp recordings, cKO PV interneurons exhibited a higher frequency of action potentials and higher input resistance than wild type (WT) PV interneurons. Picrotoxin increased firing and GABA decreased firing in WT PV interneurons but not in cKO PV interneurons. The {delta}-preferring agonist THIP reduced spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents in WT pyramidal neurons but not in cKO pyramidal neurons. In WT slices, depolarizing the network with 400 nM kainate increased firing of pyramidal neurons but had little effect on PV interneuron firing. By contrast, in cKO slices kainate recruited PV interneurons at the expense of pyramidal neurons. At the population level, kainate induced broadband increases in local field potentials in WT but not cKO slices. These results on cells and the network can be understood through increased excitability of cKO PV interneurons. In summary, our study demonstrates that {delta}-containing GABAA receptors in mPFC PV interneurons play a crucial role in regulating their excitability and the phasic inhibition of pyramidal neurons, elucidating intricate mechanisms governing cortical circuitry.

Significance statementBy selectively deleting {delta}-containing GABAA receptors in PV interneurons, we demonstrate the importance of these receptors on PV interneuron excitability, synaptic inhibition of pyramidal neurons, and circuit function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shu, H.-j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lambert, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zorumski, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mennerick, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.14.599033</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[δ-containing GABAA receptors on parvalbumin interneurons modulate neuronal excitability and network dynamics in the mouse medial prefrontal cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.15.599167v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deciphering the molecular landscape of human peripheral nerves: implications for diabetic peripheral neuropathy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.15.599167v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a prevalent complication of diabetes mellitus that is caused by metabolic toxicity to peripheral axons. We aimed to gain deep mechanistic insight into the disease process using bulk and spatial RNA sequencing on tibial and sural nerves recovered from lower leg amputations in a mostly diabetic population. First, our approach comparing mixed sensory and motor tibial and purely sensory sural nerves shows key pathway differences in affected nerves, with distinct immunological features observed in sural nerves. Second, spatial transcriptomics analysis of sural nerves reveals substantial shifts in endothelial and immune cell types associated with severe axonal loss. We also find clear evidence of neuronal gene transcript changes, like PRPH, in nerves with axonal loss suggesting perturbed RNA transport into distal sensory axons. This motivated further investigation into neuronal mRNA localization in peripheral nerve axons generating clear evidence of robust localization of mRNAs such as SCN9A and TRPV1 in human sensory axons. Our work gives new insight into the altered cellular and transcriptomic profiles in human nerves in DPN and highlights the importance of sensory axon mRNA transport as an unappreciated potential contributor to peripheral nerve degeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tavares-Ferreira, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, B. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mwirigi, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shiers, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sankaranarayanan, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kotamarti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Inturi, N. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazhar, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ubogu, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lalli, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wukich, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Price, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.15.599167</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deciphering the molecular landscape of human peripheral nerves: implications for diabetic peripheral neuropathy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.16.599227v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanosensitive FHL2 tunes endothelial function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.16.599227v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Endothelial tissues are essential mechanosensors in the vasculature and facilitate adaptation to various blood flow-induced mechanical cues. Defects in endothelial mechanoresponses can perturb tissue remodelling and functions leading to cardiovascular disease progression. In this context, the precise mechanisms of endothelial mechanoresponses contributing to normal and diseased tissue functioning remain elusive. Here, we sought to uncover how flow-mediated transcriptional regulation drives endothelial mechanoresponses in healthy and atherosclerotic-prone tissues. Using bulk RNA sequencing, we identify novel mechanosensitive genes in response to healthy unidirectional flow (UF) and athero-prone disturbed flow (DF). We find that the transcription as well as protein expression of Four-and-a-half LIM protein 2 (FHL2) are enriched in athero-prone DF both in vitro and in vivo. We then demonstrate that the exogenous expression of FHL2 is necessary and sufficient to drive discontinuous adherens junction morphology and increased tissue permeability. This athero-prone phenotype requires the force-sensitive binding of FHL2 to actin. In turn, the force-dependent localisation of FHL2 to stress fibres promotes microtubule dynamics to release the RhoGEF, GEF-H1, and activate the Rho-ROCK pathway. Thus, we unravelled a novel mechanochemical feedback wherein force-dependent FHL2 localisation promotes hypercontractility. This misregulated mechanoresponse creates highly permeable tissues, depicting classic hallmarks of atherosclerosis progression. Overall, we highlight crucial functions for the FHL2 force-sensitivity in tuning multi-scale endothelial mechanoresponses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Seetharaman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devany, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Bodegraven, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chmiel, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tzu-Pin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chou, W.-h.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gardel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.16.599227</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanosensitive FHL2 tunes endothelial function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.17.598603v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Manipulation of Photosensory and Circadian Signalling Restricts Developmental Plasticity in Arabidopsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.17.598603v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractPlants exploit developmental plasticity to adapt their growth and development to prevailing environmental cues. This developmental plasticity provides a selective and competitive advantage in nature but is obstructive during large-scale, intensive agricultural practices since economically important traits (including vegetative growth and flowering time) can widely vary depending on local environmental conditions. This prevents accurate prediction of harvesting times and produces a variable crop. We sought to restrict developmental plasticity by manipulating signalling systems that govern plants responses to environmental signals. Mathematical modelling of plant growth and development predicted a reduction in plant responses to changing environments when circadian and light signaling pathways were manipulated. We tested this hypothesis by utilising a constitutively-active allele of the plant photoreceptor phytochromeB, along with disruption of the circadian system via mutation of EARLY FLOWERING3. We found that the combination of these manipulations produced plants that are less responsive to light and temperature cues. These engineered plants have uniform vegetative growth and flowering time and demonstrate how developmental plasticity can be limited whilst maintaining plant productivity. This has significant implications for future agriculture in both open fields and controlled environments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Battle, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ewing, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Obaje, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edgeworth, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bindbeutel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antoniou Kourounioti, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nusinow, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.17.598603</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Manipulation of Photosensory and Circadian Signalling Restricts Developmental Plasticity in Arabidopsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.20.599774v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cortical synaptic vulnerabilities revealed in a α-synuclein aggregation model of Parkinson's disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.20.599774v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
-Synuclein aggregates are a hallmark of multiple neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinsons disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Cortical pathology in these diseases correlates with cognitive decline. This pathology may progressively impact synaptic connectivity, and we tested this in the frontal cortex in a -synucleinopathy model. High-resolution imaging showed that intracortical VGLUT1-positive excitatory synapses became increasingly vulnerable, exhibiting early loss near aggregates. The remaining intracortical excitatory synapses were structurally disrupted as measured by high-resolution imaging and electron microscopy. These effects were accompanied by synaptic -syn accumulation. Ontology analysis of gene expression changes in pathology-bearing neurons showed altered synapse-related processes, with upregulated genes indicating candidate resilience mechanisms. Analyses informed by neuroanatomical connectivity provided additional insights. Mesoscans determined that synapse loss is correlated between cortical layer V and layer II/III, which includes neurons projecting to layer V. Analysis across cortical hemispheres supported a vulnerability of intratelencephalic (IT) projection neurons in layer V. In contrast to intracortical synapses, long-range VGLUT2+ excitatory synapses were spared. Inhibitory VGAT+ synapses were modestly impacted, with a late-stage reduction in postsynaptic specializations. Electrophysiological recordings validated impaired excitatory transmission. This study reveals progressive, synapse-type specific vulnerabilities and resilience and characterizes intracortical synapses as cellular locus of disrupted connectivity in -synucleinopathy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sah, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sauerbeck, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez-Acuna, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reiber, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russell, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goralski, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henderson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Volpicelli-Daley, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Higley, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kummer, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biederer, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.20.599774</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cortical synaptic vulnerabilities revealed in a α-synuclein aggregation model of Parkinson's disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.21.600099v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ATP-dependent citrate lyase Drives Left Ventricular Dysfunction by Metabolic Remodeling of the Heart 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.21.600099v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundMetabolic remodeling is a hallmark of the failing heart. Oncometabolic stress during cancer increases the activity and abundance of the ATP-dependent citrate lyase (ACL, Acly), which promotes histone acetylation and cardiac adaptation. ACL is critical for the de novo synthesis of lipids, but how these metabolic alterations contribute to cardiac structural and functional changes remains unclear.

MethodsWe utilized human heart tissue samples from healthy donor hearts and patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Further, we used CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to inactivate Acly in cardiomyocytes of MyH6-Cas9 mice. In vivo, positron emission tomography and ex vivo stable isotope tracer labeling were used to quantify metabolic flux changes in response to the loss of ACL. We conducted a multi-omics analysis using RNA-sequencing and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and proteomics. Experimental data were integrated into computational modeling using the metabolic network CardioNet to identify significantly dysregulated metabolic processes at a systems level.

ResultsHere, we show that in mice, ACL drives metabolic adaptation in the heart to sustain contractile function, histone acetylation, and lipid modulation. Notably, we show that loss of ACL increases glucose oxidation while maintaining fatty acid oxidation. Ex vivo isotope tracing experiments revealed a reduced efflux of glucose-derived citrate from the mitochondria into the cytosol, confirming that citrate is required for reductive metabolism in the heart. We demonstrate that YAP inactivation facilitates ACL deficiency. Computational flux analysis and integrative multi-omics analysis indicate that loss of ACL induces alternative isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 flux to compensate.

ConclusionsThis study mechanistically delineates how cardiac metabolism compensates for suppressed citrate metabolism in response to ACL loss and uncovers metabolic vulnerabilities in the heart.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gammon, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williamson, I. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khanna, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gould, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salazar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vitrac, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dinh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lien, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de L. Vitorino, F. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gongora, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawrence, C. S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kransdorf, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leffer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vander Heiden, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorenzi, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taegtmeyer, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piwnica-Worms, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karlstaedt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.21.600099</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ATP-dependent citrate lyase Drives Left Ventricular Dysfunction by Metabolic Remodeling of the Heart]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.21.600153v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A genome resource for the marine annelid Platynereis dumerilii 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.21.600153v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The marine annelid Platynereis dumerilii is a model organism used in many research areas including evolution and development, neurobiology, ecology and regeneration. Here we present the genomes of P. dumerilii (laboratory culture reference and a single individual assembly) and of the closely related P. massiliensis and P. megalops (single individual assembly) to facilitate comparative genomic approaches and help explore Platynereis biology. We used long-read sequencing technology and chromosomal-conformation capture along with extensive transcriptomic resources to obtain and annotate a draft genome assembly of [~]1.47 Gbp for P. dumerilii, of which more than half represent repeat elements. We predict around 29,000 protein-coding genes, with relatively large intron sizes, over 38,000 non-coding genes, and 105 miRNA loci. We further explore the high genetic variation ([~]3% heterozygosity) within the Platynereis species complex. Gene ontology reveals the most variable loci to be associated with pigmentation, development and immunity. The current work sets the stage for further development of Platynereis genomic resources.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mutemi, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simakov, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santangeli, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Null, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handberg-Thorsager, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vellutini, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larsson, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savage, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, M. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hercog, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Provaznik, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ordonez-Rueda, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azevedo, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gazave, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vervoort, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomancak, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winkler, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benes, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hui, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helm, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozpolat, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arendt, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.21.600153</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A genome resource for the marine annelid Platynereis dumerilii]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.27.600975v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LINC01432 binds to CELF2 in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma promoting short progression-free survival to standard therapy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.27.600975v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a highly prevalent and incurable form of cancer that arises from malignant plasma cells, with over 35,000 new cases diagnosed annually in the United States. While there are a growing number of approved therapies, MM remains incurable and nearly all patients will relapse and exhaust all available treatment options. Mechanisms for disease progression are unclear and in particular, little is known regarding the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) in mediating disease progression and response to treatment. In this study, we used transcriptome sequencing to compare newly diagnosed MM patients who had short progression- free survival (PFS) to standard first-line treatment (PFS < 24 months) to patients who had prolonged PFS (PFS > 24 months). We identified 157 differentially upregulated lncRNAs with short PFS and focused our efforts on characterizing the most upregulated lncRNA, LINC01432. We investigated LINC01432 overexpression and CRISPR/Cas9 knockdown in MM cell lines to show that LINC01432 overexpression significantly increases cell viability and reduces apoptosis, while knockdown significantly reduces viability and increases apoptosis, supporting the clinical relevance of this lncRNA. Next, we used individual-nucleotide resolution cross-linking immunoprecipitation with RT-qPCR to show that LINC01432 directly interacts with the RNA binding protein, CELF2. Lastly, we showed that LINC01432-targeted locked nucleic acid antisense oligonucleotides reduce viability and increases apoptosis. In summary, this fundamental study identified lncRNAs associated with short PFS to standard NDMM treatment and further characterized LINC01432, which inhibits apoptosis.

Key points: lncRNA expression was found to be dysregulated in patients with short PFS to standard multiple myeloma therapy. LINC01432-bound CELF2 inhibits apoptosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mishra, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thunuguntla, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perkin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duraiyan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagwill, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzales, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brizuela, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daly, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abebe, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajana, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wichmann, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolick, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiala, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fortier, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jayasinghe, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vij, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva-Fisher, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.27.600975</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LINC01432 binds to CELF2 in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma promoting short progression-free survival to standard therapy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.27.601082v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Network for Knowledge Organization (NEKO): an AI knowledge mining workflow for synthetic biology research 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.27.601082v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Large language models (LLMs) can complete general scientific question-and-answer, yet they are constrained by their pretraining cut-off dates and lack the ability to provide specific, cited scientific knowledge. Here, we introduce Network for Knowledge Organization (NEKO), a workflow that uses LLM Qwen to extract knowledge through scientific literature text mining. When user inputs a keyword of interest, NEKO can generate knowledge graphs and comprehensive summaries from PubMed search. NEKO has immediate applications in daily academic tasks such as education of young scientists, literature review, paper writing, experiment planning/troubleshooting, and new hypothesis generation. We exemplified this workflows applicability through several case studies on yeast fermentation and cyanobacterial biorefinery. NEKOs output is more informative, specific, and actionable than GPT-4s zero-shot Q&A. NEKO offers flexible, lightweight local deployment options. NEKO democratizes artificial intelligence (AI) tools, making scientific foundation model more accessible to researchers without excessive computational power.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xiao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pakrasi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.27.601082</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Network for Knowledge Organization (NEKO): an AI knowledge mining workflow for synthetic biology research]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.01.601569v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High Throughput Repurposing Screen Reveals Compounds with Activity Against Toxoplasma gondii Bradyzoites 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.01.601569v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Toxoplasma gondii causes widespread chronic infections that are not cured by current treatments due to inability to affect semi-dormant bradyzoite stages within tissue cysts. To identify compounds to eliminate chronic infection, we developed a HTS using a recently characterized strain of T. gondii that undergoes efficient conversion to bradyzoites in intro. Stage-specific expression of luciferase was used to selectively monitor growth inhibition of bradyzoites by the Library of Pharmacological Active Compounds, consisting of 1,280 drug-like compounds. We identified 44 compounds with >50% inhibitory effects against bradyzoites, including new highly potent compounds, several of which have precedent for antimicrobial activity. Subsequent characterization of the compound Sanguinarine sulfate revealed potent and rapid killing against in vitro produced bradyzoites and bradyzoites harvested from chronically infected mice. These findings provide a platform for expanded screening and identify promising compounds for further preclinical development against T. gondii bradyzoites responsible for chronic infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Uddin, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McNamara, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatterjee, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sibley, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.01.601569</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High Throughput Repurposing Screen Reveals Compounds with Activity Against Toxoplasma gondii Bradyzoites]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.27.600680v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
IGF-1 Peptide Mimetic-functionalized Hydrogels Enhance MSC Survival and Immunomodulatory Activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.27.600680v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have demonstrated promise when delivered to damaged tissue or tissue defects for their cytokine secretion and inflammation modulation behaviors that can promote repair. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) has been shown to augment MSCs viability and survival and promote their secretion of cytokines that signal to endogenous cells, in the treatment of myocardial infarction, wound healing, and age-related diseases. Biomaterial cell carriers can be functionalized with growth factor-mimetic peptides (i.e. IGF-1 mimicking peptides) to enhance MSC function while promoting cell retention and minimizing off-target effects seen with direct administration of soluble growth factors. Here, we functionalized alginate hydrogels with three distinct IGF-1 peptide mimetics and the integrin-binding peptide, cyclic RGD. One IGF-1 peptide mimetic (IGM-3) in combination with integrin ligand was found to activate Akt and ERK1/2 signaling and support survival of serum-deprived MSCs. MSCs encapsulated in alginate hydrogels that presented both IGM-3 and cRGD showed a significant reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion when challenged with interleukin-1{beta}. Finally, MSCs cultured within the cRGD/IGM-3 hydrogels were able to blunt pro-inflammatory gene expression of human primary cells from degenerated intervertebral discs. These studies indicate the potential to leverage cell adhesive and IGF-1 growth factor peptide mimetics together to control therapeutic secretory behavior of MSCs.

Significance StatementInsulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) plays a multifaceted role in stem cell biology and may promote proliferation, survival, migration, and immunomodulation for MSCs. In this study, we functionalized alginate hydrogels with integrin-binding and IGF-1 peptide mimetics to investigate their impact on MSC function. Encapsulating MSCs in the dual peptide (cRGD/IGM-3) hydrogels enhanced their ability to reduce inflammatory cytokine production and promote anti-inflammatory gene expression in cells from degenerative human intervertebral discs exposed to proteins secreted by the MSC. This approach suggests a new way to retain and augment MSC functionality using IGF-1 peptide mimetics, offering an alternative to co-delivery of cells and high dose soluble growth factors for tissue repair and immune-system modulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jing, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neal, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchowski, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Setton, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huebsch, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.27.600680</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[IGF-1 Peptide Mimetic-functionalized Hydrogels Enhance MSC Survival and Immunomodulatory Activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.27.600919v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An Autonomous Implantable Device for the Prevention of Death from Opioid Overdose 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.27.600919v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Opioid overdose accounts for nearly 75,000 deaths per year in the United States, representing a leading cause of mortality amongst the prime working age population (25-54 years). At overdose levels, opioid-induced respiratory depression becomes fatal without timely administration of the rescue drug naloxone. Currently, overdose survival relies entirely on bystander intervention, requiring a nearby person to discover and identify the overdosed individual, and have immediate access to naloxone to administer. Government efforts have focused on providing naloxone in abundance but do not address the equally critical component for overdose rescue: a willing and informed bystander. To address this unmet need, we developed the Naloximeter: a class of life-saving implantable devices that autonomously detect and treat overdose, with the ability to simultaneously contact first-responders. We present three Naloximeter platforms, for both fundamental research and clinical translation, all equipped with optical sensors, drug delivery mechanisms, and a supporting ecosystem of technology to counteract opioid-induced respiratory depression. In small and large animal studies, the Naloximeter rescues from otherwise fatal opioid overdose within minutes. This work introduces life-changing, clinically translatable technologies that broadly benefit a susceptible population recovering from opioid use disorder.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ciatti, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vazquez-Guardado, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brings, V. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruyle, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ober, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McLuckie, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Talcott, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burrell, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sponenburg, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trueb, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avila, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seong, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slivicki, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaplan, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villalpando, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Massaly, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montana, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moron, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gereau, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.27.600919</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An Autonomous Implantable Device for the Prevention of Death from Opioid Overdose]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.30.601386v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PIEZO1-Mediated Mechanotransduction Regulates Collagen Synthesis on Nanostructured 2D and 3D Models of Fibrosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.30.601386v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Progressive fibrosis causes tissue malfunction and organ failure due to the pathologic accumulation of a collagen-rich extracellular matrix. In vitro models provide useful tools for deconstructing the roles of specific biomechanical or biological mechanisms involved in these processes and identifying potential therapeutic targets. In particular, recent studies have implicated cellular mechanosensing of substrate micro- and nanoscale architecture as a regulator of fibrosis. In this study, we investigated how the mechanosensitive ion channel PIEZO1 and intracellular mechanotransduction pathways influence fibrotic gene and protein expression in adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs). Specifically, we examined the role of PIEZO1 and the mechano-sensitive transcription factors YAP/TAZ in sensing aligned or non-aligned substrate architecture to regulate collagen formation. We utilized both 2D microphotopatterned substrates and 3D electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) substrates to study the role of culture dimensionality. We found that PIEZO1 regulates collagen production in hASCs in a manner that is sensitive to substrate architecture. Activation of PIEZO1 induced significant morphological changes in hASCs, particularly when they were cultured on aligned substrates. While YAP translocated to the cytoplasm following PIEZO1 activation, depleting YAP and TAZ did not change collagen expression significantly downstream of PIEZO1 activation, implying that YAP/TAZ translocation out of the nucleus and increased collagen production may be independent outputs of PIEZO1 activation. Our studies demonstrate a role for PIEZO1 in cellular mechanosensing of substrate architecture and provide targetable pathways for treating fibrosis as well as for enhancing tissue-engineered and regenerative approaches for fibrous tissue repair.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rashidi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harasymowicz, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savadipour, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steward, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oswald, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guilak, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.30.601386</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PIEZO1-Mediated Mechanotransduction Regulates Collagen Synthesis on Nanostructured 2D and 3D Models of Fibrosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.02.601749v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The fully activated open state of KCNQ1 controls the cardiac 'fight-or-flight' response 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.02.601749v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cardiac KCNQ1+KCNE1 (IKs) channel regulates heart rhythm in both normal and stress conditions. Under stress, the {beta}-adrenergic stimulation elevates the intracellular cAMP level, leading to KCNQ1 phosphorylation by protein kinase A and increased IKs, which shortens action potentials to adapt to accelerated heart rate. An impaired response to the {beta}-adrenergic stimulation due to KCNQ1 mutations is associated with the occurrence of a lethal congenital long QT syndrome (type 1, also known as LQT1). However, the underlying mechanism of {beta}-adrenergic stimulation of IKs remains unclear, impeding the development of new therapeutics. Here we find that the unique properties of KCNQ1 channel gating with two distinct open states are key to this mechanism. KCNQ1s fully activated open (AO) state is more sensitive to cAMP than its intermediate open (IO) state. By enhancing the AO state occupancy, the small molecules ML277 and C28 are found to effectively enhance the cAMP sensitivity of the KCNQ1 channel, independent of KCNE1 association. This finding of enhancing AO state occupancy leads to a potential novel strategy to rescue the response of IKs to {beta}-adrenergic stimulation in LQT1 mutants. The success of this approach is demonstrated in cardiac myocytes and also in a high-risk LQT1 mutation. In conclusion the present study not only uncovers the key role of the AO state in IKs channel phosphorylation, but also provides a new target for anti-arrhythmic strategy.

Significance statementThe increase of IKs potassium currents with adrenalin stimulation is important for "fight-or-flight" responses. Mutations of the IKs channel reducing adrenalin responses are associated with more lethal form of the type-1 long-QT syndrome (LQT). The alpha subunit of the IKs channel, KCNQ1 opens in two distinct open states, the intermediate-open (IO) and activated-open (AO) states, following a two-step voltage sensing domain (VSD) activation process. We found that the AO state, but not the IO state, is responsible for the adrenalin response. Modulators that specifically enhance the AO state occupancy can enhance adrenalin responses of the WT and LQT-associated mutant channels. These results reveal a mechanism of state dependent modulation of ion channels and provide an anti-arrhythmic strategy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>HOU, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>ZHAO, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>ZHONG, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>WANG, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>GAO, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LIU, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuckerman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>COHEN, I. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.02.601749</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The fully activated open state of KCNQ1 controls the cardiac 'fight-or-flight' response]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.02.601783v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Biomolecular condensates are characterized by interphase electric potentials 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.02.601783v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biomolecular condensates form via processes that combine phase separation and reversible associations of multivalent macromolecules. Condensates can be two- or multi-phase systems defined by coexisting dense and dilute phases. Here, we show that solution ions can partition asymmetrically across coexisting phases defined by condensates formed by intrinsically disordered proteins or homopolymeric RNA molecules. Our findings were enabled by direct measurements of the activities of cations and anions within coexisting phases of protein and RNA condensates. Asymmetries in ion partitioning between coexisting phases vary with protein sequence, condensate type, salt concentration, and ion type. The Donnan equilibrium set up by asymmetrical partitioning of solution ions generates interphase electric potentials known as Donnan and Nernst potentials. Our measurements show that the interphase potentials of condensates are of the same order of magnitude as membrane potentials of membrane-bound organelles. Interphase potentials quantify the degree to which microenvironments of coexisting phases are different from one another. Importantly, and based on condensate-specific interphase electric potentials, which are membrane-like potentials of membraneless bodies, we reason that condensates are mesoscale capacitors that store charge. Interphase potentials lead to electric double layers at condensate interfaces. This helps explain recent observations of condensate interfaces being electrochemically active.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Posey, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bremer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erkamp, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pant, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knowles, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mittag, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.02.601783</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Biomolecular condensates are characterized by interphase electric potentials]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.08.602299v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Backbone-mediated weakening of pairwise interactions enables percolation in mimics of protein condensates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.08.602299v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biomolecular condensates formed by intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) condensates are semidilute solutions. These can be approximated as solutions of blob-sized segments, which can be as small as peptide-sized motifs. We leveraged the blob picture to quantify differences between inter-residue interactions in model compound and peptide-based mimics of dense versus dilute phases. The all-atom molecular dynamics simulations use the polarizable AMOEBA forcefield. In model compound solutions, the interactions between aromatic residues are stronger than interactions between cationic and aromatic residues. This holds in dilute and dense phases. Cooperativity within dense phases enhances pairwise interactions leading to finite-sized nanoscale clusters. The results for peptide-based condensates paint a different picture. Backbone amides add valence to the associating molecules. While this maintains or enhances pairwise inter-residue interactions in dilute phases, it weakens pair interactions in dense phases. Weakening of pair interactions enables fluidization characterized by short-range order and long-range disorder. The higher valence afforded by the peptide backbone becomes a generator of system-spanning networks. As a result, dense phases of peptides are best described as percolated network fluids. Overall, our results show how peptide backbones enhance pairwise interactions in dilute phases whole weakening these interactions in dense phases to enable percolation within dense phases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zeng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.08.602299</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Backbone-mediated weakening of pairwise interactions enables percolation in mimics of protein condensates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.06.602359v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Biomolecular condensates can function as inherent catalysts 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.06.602359v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We report the discovery that chemical reactions can be catalyzed by condensates formed by intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). The proteins themselves lack any catalytic activities. Catalytic functions of condensates emerge as a consequence of sequence-dependent mesoscale electrochemical microenvironments created by phase separation. Stimulated Raman spectroscopy suggests that the catalytic behaviors of condensates are attributable to the spatial variations of water activities across condensate interiors and interfaces. We show that condensates are capable of catalyzing diverse cellularly relevant hydrolysis reactions. Through sequence design, the electrochemical properties of condensates can be programmed to exert control over catalytic behaviors. Incorporation of synthetic condensates into live cells alters transcription profiles and enables the activation of gene circuits that depend on products of hydrolysis reactions catalyzed by condensates. Our discovery of suggests that condensates, depending on their composition-dependent electrochemical properties, can be "Condenzymes", which contribute unexpected emergent chemical functions in cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farag, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Min, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zare, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.06.602359</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Biomolecular condensates can function as inherent catalysts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.08.601696v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Newly discovered base barrier cells provide compartmentalization of choroid plexus, brain and CSF 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.08.601696v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The choroid plexus (ChP) is a highly understudied structure of the central nervous system (CNS). The structure hangs in the brain ventricles, is composed of an epithelial cell layer, which produces the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and forms the blood-CSF barrier. It encapsulates a stromal mix of fenestrated capillaries, fibroblasts and a broad range of immune cells. Here, we report that the ChP base region harbors unique fibroblasts that cluster together, are connected by tight junctions and seal the ChP stroma from brain and CSF, thereby forming ChP base barrier cells (ChP BBCs). ChP BBCs are derived from meningeal mesenchymal precursors, arrive early during embryonic development, are maintained throughout life and are conserved across species. Moreover, we provide transcriptional profiles and key markers to label ChP BBCs and observe a striking transcriptional similarity with meningeal arachnoid barrier cells (ABCs). Finally, we provide evidence that this fibroblast cluster functions as a barrier to control communication between CSF and the ChP stroma and between the latter and the brain parenchyma. Moreover, loss of barrier function was observed during an inflammatory insult. Altogether, we have identified a novel barrier that provides functional compartmentalization of ChP, brain and CSF.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=146 SRC="FIGDIR/small/601696v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (47K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@181e787org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1875f33org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@7b2bcdorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@78baa6_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG Newly discovered base barrier cells provide compartmentalization of choroid plexus, brain and CSF

The choroid plexus (ChP) hangs in the brain ventricles and is composed of an epithelial cell layer which produces the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and forms the blood-CSF barrier. The ChP epithelial cells are continuous with the ependymal cells lining the ventricle wall. At this base region, we identified and characterized a novel subtype of fibroblasts coined the ChP base barrier cells (BBCs). ChP BBCs express tight junctions (TJs), cluster together and seal the ChP stroma from CSF and brain parenchyma. The subarachnoid space (SAS) CSF penetrates deep into choroid plexus invaginations where it is halted by ChP BBCs.

Abbreviations: E9-16.5 (embryonic day 9-16.5); P1-4 (postnatal day 1-4).

C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Verhaege, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Nolf, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castelein, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Claeys, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Wonterghem, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Imschoot, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dujardin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Spiegelaere, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoste, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boone, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lidov, H. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dani, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Derk, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kremer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Hamme, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borghgraef, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lippens, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lehtinen, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siegenthaler, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Hoecke, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vandenbroucke, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.08.601696</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Newly discovered base barrier cells provide compartmentalization of choroid plexus, brain and CSF]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.08.601940v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural Mapping of Polyclonal IgG Responses to HA After Influenza Virus Vaccination or Infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.08.601940v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cellular and molecular characterization of immune responses elicited by influenza virus infection and seasonal vaccination have informed efforts to improve vaccine efficacy, breadth, and longevity. Here, we use negative stain electron microscopy polyclonal epitope mapping (nsEMPEM) to structurally characterize the humoral IgG antibody responses to hemagglutinin (HA) from human patients vaccinated with a seasonal quadrivalent flu vaccine or infected with influenza A viruses. Our data show that both vaccinated and infected patients had humoral IgGs targeting highly conserved regions on both H1 and H3 subtype HAs, including the stem and anchor, which are targets for universal influenza vaccine design. Responses against H1 predominantly targeted the central stem epitope in infected patients and vaccinated donors, whereas head epitopes were more prominently targeted on H3. Responses against H3 were less abundant, but a greater diversity of H3 epitopes were targeted relative to H1. While our analysis is limited by sample size, on average, vaccinated donors responded to a greater diversity of epitopes on both H1 and H3 than infected patients. These data establish a baseline for assessing polyclonal antibody responses in vaccination and infection, providing context for future vaccine trials and emphasizing the importance of carefully designing vaccines to boost protective responses towards conserved epitopes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Leon, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richey, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torrents de la Pena, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolters, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Webb, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creech, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoder, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mudd, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crowe, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ward, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.08.601940</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural Mapping of Polyclonal IgG Responses to HA After Influenza Virus Vaccination or Infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.09.601734v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Local genetic adaptation to habitat in wild chimpanzees 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.09.601734v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How populations adapt to their environment is a fundamental question in biology. Yet we know surprisingly little about this process, especially for endangered species such as non-human great apes. Chimpanzees, our closest living relatives, are particularly interesting because they inhabit diverse habitats, from rainforest to woodland-savannah. Whether genetic adaptation facilitates such habitat diversity remains unknown, despite having wide implications for evolutionary biology and conservation. Using 828 newly generated exomes from wild chimpanzees, we find evidence of fine-scale genetic adaptation to habitat. Notably, adaptation to malaria in forest chimpanzees is mediated by the same genes underlying adaptation to malaria in humans. This work demonstrates the power of non-invasive samples to reveal genetic adaptations in endangered populations and highlights the importance of adaptive genetic diversity for chimpanzees.

One-Sentence SummaryChimpanzees show evidence of local genetic adaptation to habitat, particularly to pathogens, such as malaria, in forests.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ostridge, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fontsere, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lizano, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soto, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saxena, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarez-Estape, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barratt, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gratton, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bocksberger, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lester, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dieguez, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agbor, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angedakin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Assumang, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bailey, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barubiyo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bessone, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brazzola, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chancellor, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coupland, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danquah, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deschner, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dotras, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dupain, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egbe, V. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Granjon, A.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Head, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hedwig, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hermans, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez-Aguilar, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeffery, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Junker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kadam, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaiser, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalan, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kambere, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kienast, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kujirakwinja, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langergraber, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lap</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.09.601734</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Local genetic adaptation to habitat in wild chimpanzees]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.09.602778v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FUSION: A web-based application for in-depth exploration of multi-omics data with brightfield histology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.09.602778v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spatial -OMICS technologies facilitate the interrogation of molecular profiles in the context of the underlying histopathology and tissue microenvironment. Paired analysis of histopathology and molecular data can provide pathologists with otherwise unobtainable insights into biological mechanisms. To connect the disparate molecular and histopathologic features into a single workspace, we developed FUSION (Functional Unit State IdentificatiON in WSIs [Whole Slide Images]), a web-based tool that provides users with a broad array of visualization and analytical tools including deep learning-based algorithms for in-depth interrogation of spatial -OMICS datasets and their associated high-resolution histology images. FUSION enables end-to-end analysis of functional tissue units (FTUs), automatically aggregating underlying molecular data to provide a histopathology-based medium for analyzing healthy and altered cell states and driving new discoveries using "pathomic" features. We demonstrate FUSION using 10x Visium spatial transcriptomics (ST) data from both formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) and frozen prepared datasets consisting of healthy and diseased tissue. Through several use-cases, we demonstrate how users can identify spatial linkages between quantitative pathomics, qualitative image characteristics, and spatial --omics
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Border, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melo Ferreira, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucarelli, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manthey, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barisoni, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strekalova, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ray, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenberg, A. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomaszewski, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mimar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodgin, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>HuBMAP consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El-Achkar, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eadon, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarder, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.09.602778</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FUSION: A web-based application for in-depth exploration of multi-omics data with brightfield histology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.14.603434v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A new pathway in central metabolism mediates nutrient control of development and antibiotic production by Streptomyces 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.14.603434v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The amino sugar N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) plays a central role in primary metabolism and is a key signaling molecule for the onset of morphological and chemical differentiation of Streptomyces. The global nutrient-sensory regulator DasR acts as the gatekeeper of development in streptomycetes, and its activity is modulated by aminosugar phosphates. Here, we report the discovery of a novel pathway in aminosugar metabolism that governs GlcNAc sensing. GlcNAc-6P is converted into a toxic metabolite via two new enzyme functions, namely dehydration of N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate by NagS to form 6P-Chromogen I, a reaction that has not yet been described in the textbooks, and its subsequent deacetylation by NagA producing a cytotoxic structural analogue of ribose. The latter reveals an unexpected promiscuous activity for GlcNAc-6P deacetylase NagA. The crystal structures of NagS apoenzyme and NagS in complex with its substrate GlcNAc-6P or its inhibitor 6-phosphogluconate were resolved at 2.3 [A], 2.6 [A], and 1.7 [A] resolution, respectively. Detailed in vivo and in vitro studies resolved the key residues of the NagS catalytic site. Thus, we have uncovered a novel pathway in aminosugar metabolism that sheds new light on nutrient-mediated control of development and antibiotic production in Streptomyces.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urem, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kotsogianni, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elsayed, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, N. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McNae, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voskamp, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rigali, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pannu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abrahams, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schada von Borzyskowski, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Wezel, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.14.603434</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A new pathway in central metabolism mediates nutrient control of development and antibiotic production by Streptomyces]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.10.602970v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Determining potential immunomodulatory drug efficacy in sepsis using ELISpot 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.10.602970v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PurposeThis study evaluated the ability of ELISpot to identify immuno-modulatory drug therapies for their potential efficacy in patients with sepsis.

MethodsELISpot was performed using diluted whole blood from 61 septic patients and 48 healthy matched controls. Innate and adaptive immunity were evaluated by ex vivo stimulated production of TNF- and IFN-{gamma} respectively. Potential drug efficacy was determined by the drugs effects to increase or decrease the number of cytokine-producing cells and amount of cytokine produced per cell as determined by spot size and intensity. The corticosteroid dexamethasone was evaluated for its ability to down modulate TNF- and IFN-{gamma} production. The TLR7/8 agonist resiquimod (R848) and T-cell stimulants IL-7 and anti-PD-1 mAb were tested for their ability to enhance immune responses in sepsis.

ResultsSpontaneous production of TNF- and IFN-{gamma} varied among healthy subjects and septic patients. LPS or resiquimod stimulation increased total TNF- production in septic patients by 1,648% and 1,929% respectively. Conversely, dexamethasone diminished the responses to LPS or resiquimod by 71% and 61% respectively. IL-7, but not anti-PD-1 mAb markedly increased IFN-{gamma} production in both healthy subjects (127%) and septic patients (79%). Dexamethasone also reduced anti-CD3/CD28 mAb stimulated IFN-{gamma} production by 54%; while IL-7 ameliorated dexamethasone-induced suppression. IL-7 significantly enhanced lymphocyte function in over 90% of septic patients.

ConclusionELISpot can reveal host immune response patterns and the effects of drugs to selectively down- or up-regulate patient immunity. Furthermore, the ability of ELISpot to detect the effect of specific immuno-modulatory drugs to independently regulate the innate and adaptive host response could enable precision-based immune drug therapies in sepsis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Walton, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazer, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Remy, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davitt, E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffith, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gould, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Badovinac, V. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brakenridge, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drewry, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loftus, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Efron, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moldawer, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caldwell, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hotchkiss, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.10.602970</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Determining potential immunomodulatory drug efficacy in sepsis using ELISpot]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.11.603080v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Substrate specificity and protein stability drive the divergence of plant-specific DNA methyltransferases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.11.603080v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mechanism essential for transposon silencing and genome integrity. Across evolution, the substrates of DNA methylation have diversified between kingdoms to account for genome complexity. In plants, Chromomethylase3 (CMT3) and CMT2 are the major methyltransferases mediating CHG and CHH methylation, respectively. However, how these two enzymes diverge on substrate specificities during evolution remains unknown. Here, we reveal that CMT2 originates from a duplication of the evolutionarily more ancient CMT3 in flowering plants. Lacking a key arginine residue recognizing CHG in CMT2 impairs its CHG methylation activity in most flowering plants. An engineered V1200R mutation empowers CMT2 to restore both CHG and CHH methylation in Arabidopsis cmt2cmt3 mutant, testifying a loss-of-function effect for CMT2 after [~]200 million years of evolution. Interestingly, CMT2 has evolved a long and unstructured N-terminus critical for balancing protein stability, especially under heat stress. Furthermore, CMT2 N-terminus is plastic and can be tolerant to various natural mutations. Together, this study reveals the mechanism of chromomethylase divergence for context-specific DNA methylation in plants and sheds important lights on DNA methylation evolution and function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gwee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leichter, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanders, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.11.603080</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Substrate specificity and protein stability drive the divergence of plant-specific DNA methyltransferases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.12.603182v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The progression of infiltrating neurovascular features and chemokine production of the caudal intervertebral disc following injury 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.12.603182v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inflammatory cytokine production and de novo neurovascularization have been identified in painful, degenerated intervertebral discs (IVDs). However, the temporal trajectories of these key pathoanatomical features, including the cascade of inflammatory chemokines and neo-vessel and neurite infiltration, and their associations with IVD degeneration, remain relatively unknown. Investigating this process in the caudal mouse IVD enables the opportunity to study the tissue-specific response without confounding inflammatory signaling from neighboring structures. Thus this study aims to define the progression of chemokine production and neurovascular invasion during the IVD degeneration initiated by injury in the caudal spine 3-month-old C57BL6/J mice. Forty-nine IVD-secreted chemokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was measured using multiplex ELISA, and the intradiscal infiltrating vessels (endomucin) and nerves (protein-gene-product 9.5) was quantified in the tissue volume using immunohistochemistry. Injury provoked the increase secretion of IL6, CCL2, CCL12, CCL17, CCL20, CCL21, CCL22, CXCL2 and MMP2 proteins. The centrality and structure of inflammatory networks in IVDs evolved over the 12 post-injury weeks, highlighting distinct responses between the acute and chronic phases. Neurites propagated rapidly within 2-weeks post-injury and remained relatively constant until 12-weeks. Vascular vessel length was observed to peak at 4-weeks post-injury and it regressed by 12-weeks. These findings identified the temporal flux of inflammatory chemokines and pain-associated pathoanatomy in a model of IVD degeneration using the mouse caudal spine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Walk, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Broz, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jing, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Potter, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beeve, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheller, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Setton, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.12.603182</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The progression of infiltrating neurovascular features and chemokine production of the caudal intervertebral disc following injury]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.12.603300v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ExPOSE: A comprehensive toolkit to perform expansion microscopy in plant protoplast systems 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.12.603300v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Expansion microscopy (ExM) achieves nanoscale imaging by physical expansion of fixed biological tissues embedded in a swellable hydrogel, enhancing the resolution of any optical microscope several-fold. While ExM is commonly used in animal cells and tissues, there are few plant specific protocols. Protoplasts are a widely used cell system across plant species, especially in studying biomolecule localization. Here, we present an approach to achieve robust expansion of plant protoplasts, termed Expansion microscopy in plant PrOtoplast SystEms (ExPOSE). We demonstrate that coupling ExPOSE with other imaging techniques, immunofluorescence and in situ hybridization chain reaction to visualize proteins and mRNAs, respectively, greatly enhances the spatial resolution of endogenous biomolecules. Additionally, in this study, we tested the effectiveness and versatility of this technique to observe biomolecular condensates in Arabidopsis protoplasts and transcription factors in maize protoplasts at increased resolution. ExPOSE can be relatively inexpensive, fast, and simple to implement.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cox, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pardi, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Connor, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klebanovych, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huss, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nusinow, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyers, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Czymmek, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.12.603300</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ExPOSE: A comprehensive toolkit to perform expansion microscopy in plant protoplast systems]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.18.603796v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Waves of Colonization and Gene Flow in a Great Speciator 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.18.603796v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Secondary contact between previously allopatric lineages offers a test of reproductive isolating mechanisms that may have accrued in isolation. Such instances of contact can produce stable hybrid zones--where reproductive isolation can further develop via reinforcement or phenotypic displacement--or result in the lineages merging. Ongoing secondary contact is most visible in continental systems, where steady input from parental taxa can occur readily. In oceanic island systems, however, secondary contact between closely related species of birds is relatively rare. When observed on sufficiently small islands, relative to population size, secondary contact likely represents a recent phenomenon. Here, we examine the dynamics of a group of birds whose apparent widespread hybridization influenced Ernst Mayrs foundational work on allopatric speciation: the whistlers of Fiji (Aves: Pachycephala). We demonstrate two clear instances of secondary contact within the Fijian archipelago, one resulting in a hybrid zone on a larger island, and the other resulting in a wholly admixed population on a smaller, adjacent island. We leveraged low genome-wide divergence in the hybrid zone to pinpoint a single genomic region associated with observed phenotypic differences. We use genomic data to present a new hypothesis that emphasizes rapid plumage evolution and post-divergence gene flow.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gyllenhaal, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brady, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeCicco, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naikatini, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hime, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manthey, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moyle, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersen, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.18.603796</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Waves of Colonization and Gene Flow in a Great Speciator]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.22.604041v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Endogenous and fluorescent sterols reveal the molecular basis for ligand selectivity of human sterol transporters 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.22.604041v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sterol transport proteins (STPs) play a pivotal role in cholesterol homeostasis and therefore are essential for healthy human physiology. Despite recent advances in dissecting functions of STPs in the human cell, there is still a significant knowledge gap regarding their specific biological functions and a lack of suitable selective probes for their study. Here, we profile fluorescent steroid-based probes across ten STPs, uncovering substantial differences in their selectivity, aiding the retrospective and prospective interpretation of biological results generated with those probes. These results guided the establishment of an STP screening panel combining diverse biophysical assays, enabling the evaluation of 41 steroid-based natural products and derivatives. Combining this with a thorough structural analysis revealed the molecular basis for STP specific selectivity profiles, leading to the uncovering of several new potent and selective Aster-B inhibitors, and supporting the role of this protein in steroidogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Depta, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bryce-Rogers, H. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dekker, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonke, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camporese, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Covey, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laraia, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.22.604041</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Endogenous and fluorescent sterols reveal the molecular basis for ligand selectivity of human sterol transporters]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.19.604334v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
3D printed bioelectronic scaffolds with soft tissue-like stiffness 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.19.604334v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
3D printing is a leading technique for fabricating tissue engineering scaffolds that facilitate native cellular behavior. Engineering scaffolds to possess functional properties like electronic conductivity is the first step towards integrating new technological capabilities like stimulating or monitoring cellular activity beyond the traditionally presented biophysical and biochemical cues. However, these bioelectronic scaffolds have been largely underdeveloped since the majority of electrically conducting materials possess high stiffness values outside the physiological range and that may negatively impact desired cell behavior. Here, we present methods of 3D printing poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hydrogel scaffolds and provide techniques to achieve stiffness relevant to many soft tissues (<100 kPa). Structures were confirmed as ideal tissue scaffolds by maintaining biostability and promoting high cell viability, appropriate cell morphology, and proliferation. With these findings, we contribute a customizable 3D platform that provides favorable soft cellular microenvironments and envision it to be adaptable to several bioelectronic applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Okafor, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goestenkors, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarez, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Semar, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Hare, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montgomery, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedman, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rutz, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.19.604334</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[3D printed bioelectronic scaffolds with soft tissue-like stiffness]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.22.604680v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Synapse protein signatures in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma predict cognitive maintenance versus decline in Alzheimers disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.22.604680v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rates of cognitive decline in Alzheimers disease (AD) are extremely heterogeneous, with ages of symptom onset ranging from age 40-100 years and conversion from mild cognitive impairment to AD dementia taking 2-20 years. Development of biomarkers for amyloid-beta (A{beta}) and tau protein aggregates, the hallmark pathologies of AD, have improved patient monitoring/stratification and drug development, but they still only explain 20-40% of the variance in cognitive impairment (CI) in AD. To discover additional molecular drivers and biomarkers of AD dementia, we perform cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteomics on 3,416 individuals from six deeply phenotyped prospective AD case-control cohorts. We identify synapse proteins as the strongest correlates of CI, independent of A{beta} and tau. Using machine learning we derive the CSF YWHAG:NPTX2 synapse protein ratio, a robust correlate of CI, which explains 27% of the variance in CI beyond CSF PTau181:A{beta}42, 10% beyond tau PET, and 50% beyond CSF NfL in A{beta} positive individuals. We find YWHAG:NPTX2 also increases with normal aging as early as age 20 and increases at a faster rate in APOE4 carriers and autosomal dominant-AD mutation carriers. Most notably, YWHAG:NPTX2+ individuals (top 25th percentile) are 15-times (HR=15.4 [10.6-22.2]) more likely to experience cognitive decline over 15 years compared to YWHAG:NPTX2- individuals (bottom 25th percentile), and this rises to 19-times (HR=18.9 [10.83-32.9]) with additional stratification by A{beta} and phosphorylated tau status. Lastly, we perform plasma proteomics on 4,245 individuals to develop a plasma-based signature of CI which partly recapitulates CSF YWHAG:NPTX2. Overall, our findings underscore CSF YWHAG:NPTX2 and the corresponding plasma signature as robust prognostic biomarkers for AD onset and progression beyond gold-standard biomarkers of A{beta}, tau, and neurodegeneration and implicate synapse dysfunction as a core driver of AD dementia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Oh, H. S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urey, D. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karlsson, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farinas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Timsina, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guldner, I. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morshed, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Western, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ali, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Guen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trelle, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herukka, S.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rauramaa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hiltunen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lipponen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luikku, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poston, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mormino, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Channappa, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leinonen, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevens, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ehrenberg, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zetterberg, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franzmeier, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansson, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cruchaga, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wyss-Coray, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.22.604680</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Synapse protein signatures in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma predict cognitive maintenance versus decline in Alzheimers disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.22.604711v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A disinhibitory basal forebrain to cortex projection supports sustained attention 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.22.604711v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sustained attention, as an essential cognitive faculty governing selective sensory processing, exhibits remarkable temporal fluctuations. However, the underlying neural circuits and computational mechanisms driving moment-to-moment attention fluctuations remain elusive. Here we demonstrate that cortex-projecting basal forebrain parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory neurons (BF-PV) mediate sustained attention in mice performing an attention task. BF-PV activity predicts the fluctuations of attentional performance metrics [-] reaction time and accuracy [-] trial-by-trial, and optogenetic activation of these neurons enhances performance. BF-PV neurons also respond to motivationally salient events, such as predictive cues, rewards, punishments, and surprises, which a computational model explains as representing motivational salience for allocating attention over time. Furthermore, we found that BF-PV neurons produce cortical disinhibition by inhibiting cortical PV+ inhibitory neurons, potentially underpinning the observed attentional gain modulation in the cortex. These findings reveal a disinhibitory BF-to-cortex projection that regulates cortical gain based on motivational salience, thereby promoting sustained attention.

HIGHLIGHTSO_LIBF-PV activity predicts attentional performance metrics: reaction time and accuracy
C_LIO_LIBF-PV responses reflect the computation of motivational salience-guided attention allocation
C_LIO_LIOptogenetic activation of BF-PV neurons improves attentional performance
C_LIO_LIBF-PV neurons produce cortical disinhibition through topographic projections and mediate gain modulation
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hangya, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sturgill, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Callaway, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kepecs, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.22.604711</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A disinhibitory basal forebrain to cortex projection supports sustained attention]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.23.604861v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Coxsackievirus B infection invokes unique cell-type specific responses in primary human pancreatic islets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.23.604861v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Coxsackievirus B (CVB) infection has long been considered an environmental factor precipitating Type 1 diabetes (T1D), an autoimmune disease marked by loss of insulin-producing {beta} cells within pancreatic islets. Previous studies have shown CVB infection negatively impacts islet function and viability but do not report on how virus infection individually affects the multiple cell types present in human primary islets. Therefore, we hypothesized that the various islet cell populations have unique transcriptional responses to CVB infection. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on human cadaveric islets treated with either CVB or poly(I:C), a viral mimic, for 24 and 48 hours. Our global analysis reveals CVB differentially induces dynamic transcriptional changes associated with multiple cell processes and functions over time whereas poly(I:C) promotes an immune response that progressively increases with treatment duration. At the single-cell resolution, we find CVB infects all islet cell types at similar rates yet induces unique cell-type specific transcriptional responses with {beta}, , and ductal cells having the strongest response. Sequencing and functional data suggest that CVB negatively impacts mitochondrial respiration and morphology in distinct ways in {beta} and  cells, while also promoting the generation of reactive oxygen species. We also observe an increase in the expression of the long-noncoding RNA MIR7-3HG in {beta} cells with high viral titers and reveal its knockdown reduces gene expression of viral proteins as well as apoptosis in stem cell-derived islets. Together, these findings demonstrate a cell-specific transcriptional, temporal, and functional response to CVB infection and provide new insights into the relationship between CVB infection and T1D.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Veronese-Paniagua, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez-Rincon, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tse, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Millman, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.23.604861</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Coxsackievirus B infection invokes unique cell-type specific responses in primary human pancreatic islets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.26.605314v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Expanding the substrate selectivity of the fimsbactin biosynthetic adenylation domain, FbsH 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.26.605314v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) produce diverse natural products including siderophores, chelating agents that many pathogenic bacteria produce to survive in low iron conditions. Engineering NRPSs to produce diverse siderophore analogs could lead to the generation of novel antibiotics and imaging agents that take advantage of this unique iron uptake system in bacteria. The highly pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant bacteria Acinetobacter baumannii produces fimsbactin, an unusual branched siderophore with iron-binding catechol groups bound to a serine or threonine side chain. To explore the substrate promiscuity of the assembly line enzymes, we report a structure-guided investigation of the stand-alone aryl adenylation enzyme FbsH. We report on structures bound to its native substrate 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) as well as an inhibitor that mimics the adenylate intermediate. We produced enzyme variants with an expanded binding pocket that are more tolerant for analogs containing a DHB C4 modification. Wild-type and mutant enzymes were then used in an in vitro reconstitution analysis to assess the production of analogs of the final product as well as several early-stage intermediates. This analysis shows that some altered substrates progress down the fimsbactin assembly line to the downstream domains. However, analogs from alternate building blocks are produced at lower levels, indicating that selectivity exists in the downstream catalytic domains. These findings expand the substrate scope of producing condensation products between serine and aryl acids and identify the bottlenecks for chemoenzymatic production of fimsbactin analogs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balutowski, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wencewicz, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gulick, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.26.605314</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Expanding the substrate selectivity of the fimsbactin biosynthetic adenylation domain, FbsH]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.26.605393v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The intersection of endocrine signaling and neuroimmune communication regulates neonatal nociception 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.26.605393v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neonatal pain is a significant clinical issue but the mechanisms by which pain is produced early in life are poorly understood. Our recent work has linked the transcription factor serum response factor downstream of local growth hormone (GH) signaling to incision-related hypersensitivity in neonates. However, it remains unclear if similar mechanisms contribute to inflammatory pain in neonates. We found that local GH treatment inhibited neonatal inflammatory myalgia but appeared to do so through a unique signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) dependent pathway within sensory neurons. The STAT1 transcription factor appeared to regulate peripheral inflammation itself by modulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) release from sensory neurons. Data suggests that STAT1 upregulation, downstream of GH signaling, contributes to neonatal nociception during muscle inflammation through a novel neuroimmune loop involving cytokine release from primary afferents. Results could uncover new ways to treat muscle pain and inflammation in neonates.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=132 SRC="FIGDIR/small/605393v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (28K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@18b0bdorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@fb5ee9org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@114179aorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@19979b_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fadaka, A. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dourson, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofmann, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raut, N. G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jankowski, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.26.605393</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The intersection of endocrine signaling and neuroimmune communication regulates neonatal nociception]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.26.603982v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fundamental limitations of kilohertz-frequency carriers in afferent fiber recruitment with transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.26.603982v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The use of kilohertz-frequency (KHF) waveforms has rapidly gained momentum in transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) to restore motor function after paralysis. However, the mechanisms by which these fast-alternating currents depolarize efferent and afferent fibers remain unknown. Our study fills this research gap by providing a hypothesis-and evidence-based investigation using peripheral nerve stimulation, lumbar tSCS, and cervical tSCS in 25 unimpaired participants together with computational modeling. Peripheral nerve stimulation experiments and computational modeling showed that KHF waveforms negatively impact the processes required to elicit action potentials, thereby increasing response thresholds and biasing the recruitment towards efferent fibers. While these results translate to tSCS, we also demonstrate that lumbar tSCS results in the preferential recruitment of afferent fibers, while cervical tSCS favors recruitment of efferent fibers. Given the assumed importance of proprioceptive afferents in motor recovery, our work suggests that the use of KHF waveforms should be reconsidered to maximize neurorehabilitation outcomes, particularly for cervical tSCS. We posit that careful analysis of the mechanisms that mediate responses elicited by novel approaches in tSCS is crucial to understanding their potential to restore motor function after paralysis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Keesey, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofstoetter, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lombardi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawthorn, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bryson, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rowald, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minassian, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seanez, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.26.603982</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fundamental limitations of kilohertz-frequency carriers in afferent fiber recruitment with transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.28.604841v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Protein surface chemistry encodes an adaptive resistance to desiccation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.28.604841v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cellular desiccation - the loss of nearly all water from the cell - is a recurring stress in an increasing number of ecosystems that can drive protein unfolding and aggregation. For cells to survive, at least some of the proteome must resume function upon rehydration. Which proteins tolerate desiccation, and the molecular determinants that underlie this tolerance, are largely unknown. Here, we apply quantitative and structural proteomic mass spectrometry to show that certain proteins possess an innate capacity to tolerate rehydration following extreme water loss. Structural analysis points to protein surface chemistry as a key determinant for desiccation tolerance, which we test by showing that rational surface mutants can convert a desiccation sensitive protein into a tolerant one. Desiccation tolerance also has strong overlap with cellular function, with highly tolerant proteins responsible for production of small molecule building blocks, and intolerant proteins involved in energy-consuming processes such as ribosome biogenesis. As a result, the rehydrated proteome is preferentially enriched with metabolite and small molecule producers and depleted of some of the cells heaviest consumers. We propose this functional bias enables cells to kickstart their metabolism and promote cell survival following desiccation and rehydration.

TeaserProteins can resist extreme dryness by tuning the amino acids on their surfaces.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Romero-Perez, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moran, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Truong, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manriquez-Sandoval, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golub, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunter, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lotthammer, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emenecker, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boothby, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fried, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sukenik, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.28.604841</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Protein surface chemistry encodes an adaptive resistance to desiccation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.29.605633v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Three Dimensional Multiscalar Neurovascular Nephron Connectivity Map of the Human Kidney Across the Lifespan 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.29.605633v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human kidney is a vital organ with a remarkable ability to coordinate the activity of up to a million nephrons, its main functional tissue unit (FTU), and maintain homeostasis. We developed tissue processing and analytical methods to construct a 3D map of neurovascular nephron connectivity of the human kidney and glean insights into how this structural organization enables coordination of various functions of the nephron, such as glomerular filtration, solute and water absorption, secretion by the tubules, and regulation of blood flow and pressure by the juxtaglomerular apparatus, in addition to how these functions change across disease and lifespans. Using light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) and morphometric analysis we discovered changes in anatomical orientation of the vascular pole, glomerular density, volume, and innervation through postnatal development and ageing. The extensive nerve network exists from cortex FTUs to medullary loop of Henle, providing connectivity within segments of the same nephron, and between separate nephrons. The nerves organize glomeruli into discreet communities (in the same network of nerves). Adjacent glomerular communities are connected to intercommunal "mother glomeruli" by nerves, a pattern repeating throughout the cortex. These neuro-nephron networks are not developed in postnatal kidneys and are disrupted in diseased kidneys (diabetic or hydronephrosis). This structural organization likely poises the entire glomerular and juxtaglomerular FTUs to synchronize responses to perturbations in fluid homeostasis, utilizing mother glomeruli as network control centers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McLaughlin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knoten, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaushal, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Purkerson, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huyck, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pryhuber, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaut, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.29.605633</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Three Dimensional Multiscalar Neurovascular Nephron Connectivity Map of the Human Kidney Across the Lifespan]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.30.605812v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Central activation of catecholamine-independent lipolysis drives the end-stage catabolism of all adipose tissues 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.30.605812v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Several adipose depots, including constitutive bone marrow adipose tissue (cBMAT), resist conventional lipolytic cues, making them metabolically non-responsive. However, under starvation, wasting, or cachexia, the body can eventually catabolize these stable adipocytes through unknown mechanisms. To study this, we developed a mouse model of brain-evoked depletion of all fat, including cBMAT, independent of food intake. Genetic, surgical, and chemical approaches demonstrated that depletion of stable fat required adipose triglyceride lipase-dependent lipolysis but was independent of local nerves, the sympathetic nervous system, and catecholamines. Instead, concurrent hypoglycemia and hypoinsulinemia activated a potent catabolic state by suppressing lipid storage and increasing catecholamine-independent lipolysis via downregulation of cell-autonomous lipolytic inhibitors Acvr1c, G0s2, and Npr3. This was also sufficient to delipidate classical adipose depots. Overall, this work defines unique adaptations of stable adipocytes to resist lipolysis in healthy states while isolating a potent in vivo neurosystemic pathway by which the body can rapidly catabolize all adipose tissues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Majumdar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleiboeker, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magee, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Learman, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lodhi, I. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacDougald, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheller, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.30.605812</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Central activation of catecholamine-independent lipolysis drives the end-stage catabolism of all adipose tissues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.30.605893v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Receptor Binding Specificity of a Bovine A(H5N1) Influenza Virus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.30.605893v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Outbreaks in the US of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) in dairy cows have been occurring for months creating new possibilities for direct contact between the virus and humans. Eisfeld et al. examined the pathogenicity and transmissibility of a bovine HPAI H5N1 virus isolated from New Mexico in a series of in vitro and in vivo assays. They found the virus has a dual human- and avian virus-like receptor-binding specificity as measured in a solid phase glycan binding assay. Here, we examined the receptor specificity of a bovine HPAI H5N1 virus (A/bovine/OH/B24OSU-432/2024, H5N1, clade 2.3.4.4b) employing four different assays including glycan array technology, bio-layer interferometry (BLI), a solid phase capture assay and hemagglutination of glycan remodeled erythrocytes. As controls, well characterized avian (A/Vietnam/1203/2004, H5N1, clade 1) and human (A/CA/04/2009, H1N1) IAVs were included that bind 2,3- and 2,6-sialosides, respectively. We found that A/bovine/OH/B24OSU-432/2024 preferentially binds to "avian type" receptors (2,3-sialosides). Furthermore, sequence alignments showed that A/bovine has maintained amino acids in its HA associated with 2,3-sialoside (avian) receptor specificity. We conclude that while we find no evidence that A/bovine has acquired human virus receptor binding specificity, ongoing efforts must be placed on monitoring for this trait.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chopra, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Page, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shepard, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ray, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kandeil, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeevan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellebedy, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Webby, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Vries, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tompkins, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boons, G.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.30.605893</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Receptor Binding Specificity of a Bovine A(H5N1) Influenza Virus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.30.605945v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Introducing identification probability for automated and transferable assessment of metabolite identification confidence in metabolomics and related studies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.30.605945v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Methods for assessing compound identification confidence in metabolomics and related studies have been debated and actively researched for the past two decades. The earliest effort in 2007 focused primarily on mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and resulted in four recommended levels of metabolite identification confidence - the Metabolite Standards Initiative (MSI) Levels. In 2014, the original MSI Levels were expanded to five levels (including two sublevels) to facilitate communication of compound identification confidence in high resolution mass spectrometry studies. Further refinement in identification levels have occurred, for example to accommodate use of ion mobility spectrometry in metabolomics workflows, and alternate approaches to communicate compound identification confidence also have been developed based on identification points schema. However, neither qualitative levels of identification confidence nor quantitative scoring systems address the degree of ambiguity in compound identifications in context of the chemical space being considered, are easily automated, or are transferable between analytical platforms. In this perspective, we propose that the metabolomics and related communities consider identification probability as an approach for automated and transferable assessment of compound identification and ambiguity in metabolomics and related studies. Identification probability is defined simply as 1/N, where N is the number of compounds in a reference library or chemical space that match to an experimentally measured molecule within user-defined measurement precision(s), for example mass measurement or retention time accuracy, etc. We demonstrate the utility of identification probability in an in silico analysis of multi-property reference libraries constructed from the Human Metabolome Database and computational property predictions, provide guidance to the community in transparent implementation of the concept, and invite the community to further evaluate this concept in parallel with their current preferred methods for assessing metabolite identification confidence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Metz, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gautam, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anjum, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colby, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nunez, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blumer, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edison, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiehn, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morgan, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patti, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ross, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shapiro, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wishart, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.30.605945</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Introducing identification probability for automated and transferable assessment of metabolite identification confidence in metabolomics and related studies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.31.606106v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lack of pathogenic involvement of CCL4 and its receptor CCR5 in arthritogenic alphavirus disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.31.606106v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Arthritogenic alphaviruses, including chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Mayaro virus (MAYV), Ross River virus (RRV), and Onyong nyong virus (ONNV) are emerging and reemerging viruses that cause disease characterized by fever, rash, and incapacitating joint swelling. Alphavirus infection induces robust immune responses in infected hosts, leading to the upregulation of several cytokines and chemokines, including chemokine C ligand 4 (CCL4). CCL4 is a chemoattractant for immune cells such as T cells, natural killer cells, monocytes/macrophages, and dendritic cells, recruiting these cells to the site of infection, stimulating the release of proinflammatory mediators, and inducing T cell differentiation. CCL4 has been found at high levels in both the acute and chronic phases of chikungunya disease; however, the role of CCL4 in arthritogenic alphavirus disease development remains unexplored. Here, we tested the effect of CCL4 on MAYV infection in mice through antibody depletion and treatment with recombinant mouse CCL4. We observed no differences in mice depleted of CCL4 or treated with recombinant CCL4 in terms of disease progression such as weight loss and footpad swelling or the development of viremia. CCL4 uses the G protein-coupled receptor C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5). To determine whether CCR5 deficiency would alter disease outcomes or virus replication in mice, we inoculated CCR5 knockout (CCR5-/-) mice with MAYV and observed no effect on disease development and immune cell profile of blood and footpads between CCR5-/- and wild type mice. These studies failed to identify a clear role for CCL4 or its receptor CCR5 in MAYV infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hameed, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>A. Solomon, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weger-Lucarelli, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.31.606106</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lack of pathogenic involvement of CCL4 and its receptor CCR5 in arthritogenic alphavirus disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.02.606387v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modeling glioblastoma tumor progression via CRISPR-engineered brain organoids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.02.606387v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive form of brain cancer that is highly resistant to therapy due to significant intra-tumoral heterogeneity. The lack of robust in vitro models to study early tumor progression has hindered the development of effective therapies. Here, we develop engineered GBM organoids (eGBOs) harboring GBM subtype-specific oncogenic mutations to investigate the underlying transcriptional regulation of tumor progression. Single-cell and spatial transcriptomic analyses revealed that these mutations disrupt normal neurodevelopment gene regulatory networks resulting in changes in cellular composition and spatial organization. Upon xenotransplantation into immunodeficient mice, eGBOs form tumors that recapitulate the transcriptional and spatial landscape of human GBM samples. Integrative single-cell trajectory analysis of both eGBO-derived tumor cells and patient GBM samples revealed the dynamic gene expression changes in developmental cell states underlying tumor progression. This analysis of eGBOs provides an important validation of engineered cancer organoid models and demonstrates their utility as a model of GBM tumorigenesis for future preclinical development of therapeutics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ishahak, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Annamalai, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodiwiss, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCornack, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cleary, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeSouza, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dahiya, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Millman, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.02.606387</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modeling glioblastoma tumor progression via CRISPR-engineered brain organoids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.03.606464v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Driving forces for condensation of synapsin are governed by sequence-encoded molecular grammars 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.03.606464v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multiple biomolecular condensates coexist at the pre- and post-synapse to enable vesicle dynamics and controlled neurotransmitter release in the brain. In pre-synapses, intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) of synaptic proteins are drivers of condensation that enable clustering of synaptic vesicles (SVs). Using computational analysis, we show that the IDRs of SV proteins feature evolutionarily conserved non-random compositional biases and sequence patterns. Synapsin-1 is essential for condensation of SVs, and its C-terminal IDR has been shown to be a key driver of condensation. Focusing on this IDR, we dissected the contributions of two conserved features namely the segregation of polar and proline residues along the linear sequence, and the compositional preference for arginine over lysine. Scrambling the blocks of polar and proline residues weakens the driving forces for forming micron-scale condensates. However, the extent of clustering in subsaturated solutions remains equivalent to that of the wild-type synapsin-1. In contrast, substituting arginine with lysine significantly weakens both the driving forces for condensation and the extent of clustering in subsaturated solutions. Co-expression of the scrambled variant of synapsin-1 with synaptophysin results in a gain-of-function phenotype in cells, whereas arginine to lysine substitutions eliminate condensation. We report an emergent consequence of synapsin-1 condensation, which is the generation of interphase pH gradients realized via differential partitioning of protons between coexisting phases. This pH gradient is likely to be directly relevant for vesicular ATPase functions and the loading of neurotransmitters. Our study highlights how conserved IDR grammars serve as drivers of synapsin-1 condensation.

Research HighlightsO_LIDistinct biomolecular condensates formed by pre-synaptic proteins contain a unique bias of sequence grammars within their IDRs.
C_LIO_LIThe IDR of synapsin-1, the essential protein for the clustering of synaptic vesicles, has a conserved compositional bias for Arg and blockiness of proline/polar residues.
C_LIO_LIUsing sequence designs, we uncovered how conserved sequence features of the driver IDR of synapsin-1 affect condensation in vitro and in cells.
C_LIO_LISynapsin-1 condensates are defined by a measurable interphase pH gradient.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hoffmann, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruff, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edu, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kyung Shinn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tromm, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pant, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ausserwoeger, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morgan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knowles, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milovanovic, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.03.606464</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Driving forces for condensation of synapsin are governed by sequence-encoded molecular grammars]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.11.607040v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Brain-like border ownership signals support prediction of natural videos 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.11.607040v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To make sense of visual scenes, the brain must segment foreground from background. This is thought to be facilitated by neurons in the primate visual system that encode border ownership (BOS), i.e. whether a local border is part of an object on one or the other side of the border. It is unclear how these signals emerge in neural networks without a teaching signal of what is foreground and background. In this study, we investigated whether BOS signals exist in PredNet, a self-supervised artificial neural network trained to predict the next image frame of natural video sequences. We found that a significant number of units in PredNet are selective for BOS. Moreover these units share several other properties with the BOS neurons in the brain, including robustness to scene variations that constitute common object transformations in natural videos, and hysteresis of BOS signals. Finally, we performed ablation experiments and found that BOS units contribute more to prediction than non-BOS units for videos with moving objects. Our findings indicate that BOS units are especially useful to predict future input in natural videos, even when networks are not required to segment foreground from background. This suggests that BOS neurons in the brain might be the result of evolutionary or developmental pressure to predict future input in natural, complex dynamic visual environments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ye, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wessel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franken, T. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.11.607040</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Brain-like border ownership signals support prediction of natural videos]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.12.607640v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A conserved regulation of cell expansion underlies notochord mechanics, spine morphogenesis, and endochondral bone lengthening 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.12.607640v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell size is a key contributor to tissue morphogenesis1. As a notable example, growth plate hypertrophic chondrocytes use cellular biogenesis and disproportionate fluid uptake to expand 10-20 times in size to drive lengthening of endochondral bone2,3. Similarly, notochordal cells expand to one of the largest cell types in the developing embryo to drive axial extension4-6. In zebrafish, the notochord vacuolated cells undergo vacuole fusion to form a single large, fluid-filled vacuole that fills the cytoplasmic space and contributes to vacuolated cell expansion7. When this process goes awry, the notochord lacks sufficient hydrostatic pressure to support vertebral bone deposition resulting in adult spines with misshapen vertebral bones and scoliosis8. However, it remains unclear whether endochondral bone and the notochord share common genetic and cellular mechanisms for regulating cell and tissue expansion. Here, we demonstrate that the 5-inositol phosphatase gene, inppl1a, regulates notochord expansion, spine morphogenesis, and endochondral bone lengthening in zebrafish. Furthermore, we show that inppl1a regulates notochord expansion independent of vacuole fusion, thereby genetically decoupling these processes. We demonstrate that inppl1a-dependent notochord expansion is essential to establish normal mechanical properties of the notochord to facilitate the development of a straight spine. Finally, we find that inppl1a is also important for endochondral bone lengthening in fish, as has been shown in the human INPPL1-related endochondral bone disorder, Opsismodysplasia9. Overall, this work reveals a conserved mechanism of cell size regulation that influences disparate tissues critical for skeletal development and short-stature disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Voigt, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frazier, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yazdi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gontarz, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sepich, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solnica-Krezel, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>GRAY, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.12.607640</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A conserved regulation of cell expansion underlies notochord mechanics, spine morphogenesis, and endochondral bone lengthening]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.16.607812v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Clonal Hematopoiesis-associated Gene Srcap Plays an Essential Role in Hematopoiesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.16.607812v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Somatic mutations arising in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) may provide the latter with a fitness advantage, allowing the mutant HSC to clonally expand. Such mutations have been recurrently identified in the chromatin modifier, SRCAP, in both non-malignant and leukemic clones, suggesting that this gene plays a significant role in hematopoiesis. We generated a conditional Srcap loss of function murine model and determined the consequences of hematopoietic-specific loss of this gene. We show that Srcap is essential for normal fetal liver erythropoiesis and monocytopoiesis. In Srcap deficient fetal livers, the number of phenotypic HSCs is similar to that of controls, but these HSCs exhibit a profound repopulating defect. Likewise, conditional deletion of Srcap during adult hematopoiesis results in a rapid loss of HSCs. Loss of Srcap is associated with evidence of increased DNA damage in HSCs and lineage-restricted progenitors as assessed by y-H2AX expression. Consistent with this finding, we observed strong transcriptional upregulation of the p53 pathway in Srcap deficient erythroid precursors. Collectively our data highlight the importance of Srcap in maintaining HSC function and supporting hematopoietic differentiation and suggests that it plays an essential role in maintaining genomic integrity.

Key Points(1) Srcap plays an essential role in supporting normal hematopoietic differentiation. and in maintaining HSC function.
(2) Loss of Srcap is associated with evidence of increased DNA damage and transcriptional upregulation of the p53 pathway.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wong, T. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mychalowych, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feldpausch, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karpova, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Link, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.16.607812</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Clonal Hematopoiesis-associated Gene Srcap Plays an Essential Role in Hematopoiesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.17.608295v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tissue determinants of the human T cell receptor repertoire. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.17.608295v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
98% of T cells reside in tissues, yet nearly all human T cell analyses are performed from peripheral blood. We single-cell sequenced 5.7 million T cells from ten donors autologous blood and tonsils and sought to answer key questions about T cell receptor biology previously unanswerable by smaller-scale experiments. We identified distinct clonal expansions and distributions in blood compared to tonsils, with surprisingly low (1-7%) clonal sharing. These few shared clones exhibited divergent phenotypes across bodily sites. Analysis of antigen-specific CD8 T cells revealed location as a main determinant of frequency, phenotype, and immunodominance. Finally, diversity estimates from the tissue recalibrates current repertoire diversity estimates, and we provide a refined estimate of whole-body repertoire. Given the tissue-restricted nature of T cell phenotypes, functions, differentiation, and clonality revealed by this dataset, we conclude that tissue analyses are crucial for accurate repertoire analysis and monitoring changes after perturbing therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sureshchandra, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henderson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levendosky, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharyya, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kastenschmidt, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorn, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitul, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benchorin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batucal, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daugherty, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thakur, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trask, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahuja, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moisan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiffeau-Mayer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saligrama, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagar, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.17.608295</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tissue determinants of the human T cell receptor repertoire.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.19.608662v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Differential interactions determine anisotropies at interfaces of RNA-based biomolecular condensates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.19.608662v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biomolecular condensates form via macromolecular phase separation, giving rise to coexisting phases delineated by interfaces. Here, we characterize the structures of interfaces formed by phase separation driven by heterotypic interactions in ternary mixtures of two types of RNA molecules and polyethylene glycol. We find that purine-rich RNAs are scaffolds that drive phase separation via strong heterotypic interactions. Conversely, pyrimidine-rich RNA molecules are defined by weaker heterotypic interactions. They function as adsorbents that accumulate at and wet the interfaces of coexisting phases formed by phase separation of scaffolds. Our computations predict that scaffolds and adsorbents have different non-random orientational preferences at interfaces. We tested these predictions using single-molecule super resolution imaging that tracks the motions of fluorogenic probes that are bound to RNA molecules. Motions parallel to the interface were found to be faster than motions perpendicular to the interface. These findings support previous predictions regarding anisotropies of motions at interfaces.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Erkamp, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farag, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sneideris, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welsh, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ausserwoger, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krug, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weitz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lew, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knowles, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.19.608662</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Differential interactions determine anisotropies at interfaces of RNA-based biomolecular condensates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.19.608698v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-throughput affinity measurements of direct interactions between activation domains and co-activators 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.19.608698v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sequence-specific activation by transcription factors is essential for gene regulation1,2. Key to this are activation domains, which often fall within disordered regions of transcription factors3,4 and recruit co-activators to initiate transcription5. These interactions are difficult to characterize via most experimental techniques because they are typically weak and transient6,7. Consequently, we know very little about whether these interactions are promiscuous or specific, the mechanisms of binding, and how these interactions tune the strength of gene activation. To address these questions, we developed a microfluidic platform for expression and purification of hundreds of activation domains in parallel followed by direct measurement of co-activator binding affinities (STAMMPPING, for Simultaneous Trapping of Affinity Measurements via a Microfluidic Protein-Protein INteraction Generator). By applying STAMMPPING to quantify direct interactions between eight co-activators and 204 human activation domains (>1,500 Kds), we provide the first quantitative map of these interactions and reveal 334 novel binding pairs. We find that the metazoan-specific co-activator P300 directly binds >100 activation domains, potentially explaining its widespread recruitment across the genome to influence transcriptional activation. Despite sharing similar molecular properties (e.g. enrichment of negative and hydrophobic residues), activation domains utilize distinct biophysical properties to recruit certain co-activator domains. Co-activator domain affinity and occupancy are well-predicted by analytical models that account for multivalency, and in vitro affinities quantitatively predict activation in cells with an ultrasensitive response. Not only do our results demonstrate the ability to measure affinities between even weak protein-protein interactions in high throughput, but they also provide a necessary resource of over 1,500 activation domain/co-activator affinities which lays the foundation for understanding the molecular basis of transcriptional activation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>DelRosso, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suzuki, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffith, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lotthammer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novak, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kocalar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheth, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bintu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fordyce, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.19.608698</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-throughput affinity measurements of direct interactions between activation domains and co-activators]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.21.607451v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An autonomous robotic system for high-throughput phenotyping and behavioral studies of individual fruit flies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.21.607451v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is a widely used model species in biomedical research. Despite its importance, conducting manual experiments with individual fruit flies can be challenging and time-consuming, especially for studies of individual fly behaviors. Such studies often involve cumbersome preparatory steps, such as manually tethering a fly and then positioning it within an experimental setup1,2. These procedures commonly require the fly to be anesthetized, and, before behavioral assessments begin, the fly must recover from anesthesia. Hence, the introduction of automated phenotyping and behavioral assays would expedite important aspects of fly research, by minimizing manual handling of flies and decreasing the net time needed for experiments. Here, we introduce FlyMAX (Fly Manipulation and Autonomous eXperimentation), an autonomous robotic system for manipulating adult flies without use of anesthesia. FlyMAX collects individual flies from a standard vial, analyzes them with computer vision, and achieves a throughput of >1,000 flies per day for high-throughput inspection and characterization assays. Robotic handling had no detectable adverse effects on fly longevity or our assessments of fly health. Moreover, the behavioral performance of flies, especially of males, was better and less variable than of flies handled manually. Our system employs deep learning-based machine vision for real-time assessments of picking quality and fly phenotypes. This enables fully pipelined, autonomous experimentation for behavioral assays with individual flies in controlled environments, which was previously infeasible. Overall, FlyMAX constitutes a promising technology to enhance the efficiency and reproducibility of research with flies and other insects in fields such as genetics, neuroscience, and drug screening.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Woo, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savall, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conrad, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schnitzer, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.21.607451</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An autonomous robotic system for high-throughput phenotyping and behavioral studies of individual fruit flies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.21.608990v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A first-in-kind MAPK13 inhibitor that can correct stem cell reprogramming and post-injury disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.21.608990v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The stress kinase MAPK13 (aka p38delta-MAPK) is an attractive entry point for therapeutic intervention because it regulates the structural remodeling that can develop after epithelial injury in the lung and likely other tissue sites. However, a selective, safe, and effective MAPK13 inhibitor is not yet available for experimental or clinical application. Here we identify a first-in-kind MAPK13 inhibitor using structure-based drug design combined with a screening funnel for cell safety and molecular specificity. This inhibitor (designated NuP-4A for intravenous or Nu4-B for inhaled delivery) down-regulates basal-epithelial stem cell reprogramming, structural remodeling, and pathophysiology equivalently to Mapk13 gene-knockout in mouse and mouse organoid models of muco-obstructive lung disease after viral infection. Treatment prevents and reverses disease biomarkers, and this benefit persists after stopping treatment as a sign of disease modification. Similarly, NuP-4 treatment can directly control stimulated growth, immune activation, and mucinous differentiation in human basal-cell organoids. The results thereby provide a new tool and potential correction for stem cell reprogramming towards muco-obstructive lung diseases like asthma and COPD and related diseases that might depend on overactivation of MAPK13.

New and noteworthyThis study identifies a highly selective and potent small-molecule inhibitor for stress kinase MAPK13 in controlling the basal-epithelial stem cell response to viral infection and the consequent development of muco-obstructive lung disease. The present model has direct implications for diseases like asthma and COPD that are triggered by respiratory viruses and other inhaled toxins. Further, the tissue distribution of MAPK13 implies related actions at other epithelial sites. The findings also refine a hypothesis for therapeutic intervention based on proper scaling of MAPK13 function including precise down-regulation with a highly selective MAPK13 inhibitor.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iberg, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin-Declue, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wikfors, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keeler, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yantis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crouch, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chartock, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Byers, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brody, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romero, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holtzman, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.21.608990</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A first-in-kind MAPK13 inhibitor that can correct stem cell reprogramming and post-injury disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.21.609078v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantitative Interpretation of Transverse Spin Relaxation by Translational Diffusion in Liquids Under Arbitrary Potentials 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.21.609078v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intermolecular spin relaxation by translational motion of spin pairs have been widely used to study properties of the biomolecules in liquids. Notably, solvent paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (sPRE) arising from paramagnetic cosolutes has gained attentions for various applications, including the structural refinement of intrinsically disordered proteins, cosolute-induced protein denaturation, and the characterization of residue-specific effective near-surface electrostatic potentials (ENS). Among these applications, the transverse sPRE rate known as {Gamma} 2 has been predominantly been interpreted empirically as being proportional to <r-6>norm. In this study, we present a rigorous theoretical interpretation of {Gamma} 2 that it is instead proportional to <r-4>norm and provide explicit formula for calculating <r-4>norm without any adjustable parameters. This interpretation is independent of the type or strength of interactions and can be broadly applied, including to the precise interpretation of ENS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Okuno, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.21.609078</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantitative Interpretation of Transverse Spin Relaxation by Translational Diffusion in Liquids Under Arbitrary Potentials]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.22.609218v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The probability of cryptic pocket opening controls functional tradeoffs in filovirus immune evasion. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.22.609218v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cryptic pockets are of growing interest as potential drug targets, particularly to control protein-nucleic acid interactions that often occur via flat surfaces. However, it remains unclear whether cryptic pockets contribute to protein function or if they are merely happenstantial features that can easily be evolved away to achieve drug resistance. Here, we explore whether a cryptic pocket in the Interferon Inhibitory Domain (IID) of viral protein 35 (VP35) of Zaire ebolavirus aids its ability to bind double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). We use simulations and experiments to study the relationship between cryptic pocket opening and dsRNA binding of the IIDs of two other filoviruses, Reston and Marburg. These homologs have nearly identical structures but block different interferon pathways due to different affinities for blunt ends and backbone of the dsRNA. Simulations and thiol-labeling experiments demonstrate that the homologs have varying probabilities of pocket opening. Subsequent dsRNA-binding assays suggest that closed conformations preferentially bind dsRNA blunt ends while open conformations prefer binding the backbone. Point mutations that modulate pocket opening proteins further confirm this preference. These results demonstrate the open cryptic pocket has a function, suggesting cryptic pockets are under selective pressure and may be difficult to evolve away to achieve drug resistance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mallimadugula, U. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cruz, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vithani, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmerman, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.22.609218</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The probability of cryptic pocket opening controls functional tradeoffs in filovirus immune evasion.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.23.609423v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Non-canonical Wnt signaling triggered by WNT2B drives adrenal aldosterone production 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.23.609423v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The steroid hormone aldosterone, produced by the zona glomerulosa (zG) of the adrenal gland, is a master regulator of plasma electrolytes and blood pressure. While aldosterone control by the renin-angiotensin system is well understood, other key regulatory factors have remained elusive. Here, we replicated a prior association between a non-coding variant in WNT2B and an increased risk of primary aldosteronism, a prevalent and debilitating disease caused by excessive aldosterone production. We further show that in both mice and humans, WNT2B is expressed in the mesenchymal capsule surrounding the adrenal cortex, in close proximity to the zG. Global loss of Wnt2b in the mouse results in a dysmorphic and hypocellular zG, with impaired aldosterone production. Similarly, humans harboring WNT2B loss-of-function mutations develop a novel form of Familial Hyperreninemic Hypoaldosteronism, designated here as Type 4. Additionally, we demonstrate that WNT2B signals by activating the non-canonical Wnt/planar cell polarity pathway. Our findings identify WNT2B as a key regulator of zG function and aldosterone production with important clinical implications.

HighlightsO_LIWNT2B variant is associated with increased risk for primary aldosteronism
C_LIO_LIWnt2b knock-out mice show defects in adrenal morphology
C_LIO_LIWnt2b knock-out mice have hyperreninemic hypoaldosteronism
C_LIO_LIWNT2B activates non-canonical Wnt/planar cell polarity signaling
C_LIO_LIWNT2B deficiency causes a new form of familial hyperreninemic hypoaldosteronism
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Borges, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Little, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Almeida Magalhaes, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ribeiro, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dumontet, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lapensee, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basham, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seth, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azova, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guagliardo, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barret, P. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berber, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Connell, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turcu, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lerario, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rainey, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlone, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirschhorn, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breault, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammer, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.23.609423</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Non-canonical Wnt signaling triggered by WNT2B drives adrenal aldosterone production]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.27.609782v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SCRATCH: A programmable, open-hardware, benchtop robot that automatically scratches cultured tissues to investigate cell migration, healing, and tissue sculpting. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.27.609782v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite the widespread popularity of the  scratch assay, where a pipette is dragged through cultured tissue to create an injury gap to study cell migration and healing, the manual nature of the assay carries significant drawbacks. So much of the process depends on individual manual technique, which can complicate quantification, reduce throughput, and limit the versatility and reproducibility of the approach. Here, we present a truly open-source, low-cost, accessible, and robotic scratching platform that addresses all of the core issues. Compatible with nearly all standard cell culture dishes and usable directly in a sterile culture hood, our robot makes highly reproducible scratches in a variety of complex cultured tissues with high throughput. Moreover, we demonstrate how scratching can be programmed to precisely remove areas of tissue to sculpt arbitrary tissue and wound shapes, as well as enable truly complex co-culture experiments. This system significantly improves the usefulness of the conventional scratch assay, and opens up new possibilities in complex tissue engineering and cell biological assays for realistic wound healing and migration research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silverman-Dutz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bailey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.27.609782</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SCRATCH: A programmable, open-hardware, benchtop robot that automatically scratches cultured tissues to investigate cell migration, healing, and tissue sculpting.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.28.610074v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
O-glycosylation contributes to mammalian glycoRNA biogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.28.610074v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
There is an increasing appreciation for the role of cell surface glycans in modulating interactions with extracellular ligands and participating in intercellular communication. We recently reported the existence of sialoglycoRNAs, where mammalian small RNAs are covalently linked to N-glycans through the modified base acp3U and trafficked to the cell surface. However, little is currently known about the role for O-glycosylation, another major class of carbohydrate polymer modifications. Here, we use parallel genetic, enzymatic, and mass spectrometry approaches to demonstrate that O-linked glycan biosynthesis is responsible for the majority of sialoglycoRNA levels. By examining the O-glycans associated with RNA from cell lines and colon organoids we find known and previously unreported O-linked glycan structures. Further, we find that O-linked glycans released from small RNA from organoids derived from ulcerative colitis patients exhibit higher levels of sialylation than glycans from healthy organoids. Together, our work provides flexible tools to interrogate O-linked glycoRNAs (O-glycoRNA) and suggests that they may be modulated in human disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Porat, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watkins, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lebedenko, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hemberger, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chai, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collins, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bojar, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flynn, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.28.610074</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[O-glycosylation contributes to mammalian glycoRNA biogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.28.610124v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inflammatory pain in mice induces light cycle-dependent effects on sleep architecture 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.28.610124v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As a syndrome, chronic pain comprises physical, emotional, and cognitive symptoms such as disability, negative affect, feelings of stress, and fatigue. A rodent model of long-term inflammatory pain, induced by complete Freunds adjuvant (CFA) injection, has previously been shown to cause anhedonia and dysregulated naturalistic behaviors, in a manner similar to animal models of stress. We examined whether this extended to alterations in circadian rhythms and sleep, such as those induced by chronic social defeat stress, using actigraphy and wireless EEG. CFA-induced inflammatory pain profoundly altered sleep architecture in male and female mice. Injection of the hind paw, whether with CFA or saline, reduced some measures of circadian rhythmicity such as variance, period, and amplitude. CFA increased sleep duration primarily in the dark phase, while sleep bout length was decreased in the light and increased in the dark phase. Additionally, CFA reduced wake bout length, especially during the dark phase. Increases in REM and SWS duration and bouts were most significant in the dark phase, regardless of whether CFA had been injected at its onset or 12 hours prior. Taken together, these results indicate that inflammatory pain acutely promotes but also fragments sleep.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Burek, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohamad Ibrahim, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Musiek, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moron, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlezon, W. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.28.610124</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inflammatory pain in mice induces light cycle-dependent effects on sleep architecture]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.28.610131v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DAMP-inducing Peptide Nanofibers and PAMP Combination Adjuvants Boost Functional Lung Tissue-resident Memory CD4+ T Cell Responses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.28.610131v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Vaccine adjuvants are typically composed of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that activate innate immune cells. Advances in basic immunology have demonstrated the need for various  types of protective immunity, which are difficult to achieve with a single adjuvant. The FDA approval of multiple PAMP-DAMP combinations for clinical use has led to an increased momentum in the area in recent years. Here we report the use of DAMP-inducing peptide nanofibers (PNFs) and CL429 (PAMP) combinations as subunit boosters for Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG). We demonstrate that pulmonary boosting with PNFs and CL429 enhances the lung-resident memory phenotype, effector cytokine profiles, and transcription factor bias of antigen-specific CD4+T cell populations compared to PNFs alone. Importantly, the combination significantly improved the frequency of tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells which, have been shown to provide superior protection compared to circulating memory T cells. Interestingly, the T helper (Th) subset profile was driven in part driven by the route of vaccination resulting in a Th17 bias via a mucosal route or a Th1 bias when delivered intravenously. We show that following pulmonary administration, lung-resident antigen presenting cells (APCs) efficiently internalize PNFs and upregulate important co-stimulatory markers that drive T cell priming and activation. Our findings suggest that heterologous booster vaccines composed of DAMP-inducing PNFs and PAMP combinations can engage innate and adaptive immunity for generating TRM cells that protect against TB and potentially other respiratory diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Files, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buck, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Endsley, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rudra, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.28.610131</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DAMP-inducing Peptide Nanofibers and PAMP Combination Adjuvants Boost Functional Lung Tissue-resident Memory CD4+ T Cell Responses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.27.609835v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SLC35A2 modulates paramyxovirus fusion events during infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.27.609835v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Paramyxoviruses are significant human and animal pathogens that include mumps virus (MuV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and the murine parainfluenza virus Sendai (SeV). Despite their importance, few host factors implicated in paramyxovirus infection are known. Using a recombinant SeV expressing destabilized GFP (rSeVCdseGFP) in a loss-of-function CRISPR screen, we identified the CMP-sialic acid transporter (CST) gene SLC35A1 and the UDP-galactose transporter (UGT) gene SLC35A2 as essential for paramyxovirus infection. SLC35A1 knockout (KO) cells showed significantly reduced binding and infection of SeV, NDV and MuV due to the lack of cell surface sialic acids, which act as their receptors. However, SLC35A2 KO cells revealed unknown critical roles for this factor in virus-cell and cell-to-cell fusion events during infection with different paramyxoviruses. While the UGT was essential for virus-cell fusion during SeV entry to the cell, it was not required for NDV or MuV entry. Importantly, the UGT promoted the formation of larger syncytia during MuV infection, suggesting a role in cell-to-cell virus spread. Our findings demonstrate that paramyxoviruses can bind to or enter A549 cells in the absence of canonical galactose-bound sialic-acid decorations and show that the UGT facilitates paramyxovirus fusion processes involved in entry and spread.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baldridge, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.27.609835</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SLC35A2 modulates paramyxovirus fusion events during infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.30.610511v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ketone Body Metabolism is Not Required for Improvement of Heart Failure by Ketogenic Diet in Mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.30.610511v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Failing hearts increasingly metabolize ketone bodies, and enhancing ketosis improves heart failure (HF) remodeling. Circulating ketones are elevated by fasting/starvation, which is mimicked with a high-fat, low-carbohydrate "ketogenic diet" (KD). While speculated that KD improves HF through increased ketone oxidation, some evidence suggests KD paradoxically downregulates cardiac ketone oxidation despite increased ketone delivery. We sought to clarify the significance of cardiac ketone metabolism during KD in HF. Mice were subjected to transverse aortic constriction with apical myocardial infarction (TAC-MI) and fed either low-fat (LF) control or KD. Cardiac-specific mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 2 (csMPC2-/-) mice were used as a second model of heart failure. In both mice, feeding a KD improved HF, determined by echocardiography, heart weights, and gene expression analyses. Although KD increases plasma ketone bodies, gene expression for ketone metabolic genes is decreased in the hearts of KD-fed mice. Cardiac-specific {beta}-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1 (csBDH1-/-), the first enzyme in ketone catabolism, mice were also studied and crossed with the csMPC2-/-mice to create double knockout (DKO) mice. These mice were aged to 16 weeks and switched to LF or KD, and KD was able to completely normalize the hearts of both csMPC2-/- and DKO mice, suggesting that ketone metabolism is unnecessary for improving heart failure with ketogenic diet. These studies were then repeated, and mice injected with U-13C-{beta}-hydroxybutyrate to evaluate ketone metabolism. KD feeding significantly decreased the enrichment of the TCA cycle from ketone body carbons, as did the BDH1-deletion in DKO mice. Gene expression and respirometry suggests that KD instead increases cardiac fat oxidation. In conclusion, these results suggest that ketogenic diet decreases cardiac ketone metabolism and does not require ketone metabolism to improve heart failure.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Foulks, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weinheimer, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kovacs, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pyles, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menezes, T. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patti, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCommis, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.30.610511</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ketone Body Metabolism is Not Required for Improvement of Heart Failure by Ketogenic Diet in Mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.30.610561v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Phylogenetic Model of Established and Enabled Biome Shifts 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.30.610561v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Where each species actually lives is distinct from where it could potentially survive and persist. This suggests that it may be important to distinguish established from enabled biome affinities when considering how ancestral species moved and evolved among major habitat types. We introduce a new phylogenetic method, called RFBS, to model how anagenetic and cladogenetic events cause established and enabled biome affinities (or, more generally, other discrete realized versus fundamental niche states) to shift over evolutionary timescale. We provide practical guidelines for how to assign established and enabled biome affinity states to extant taxa, using the flowering plant clade Viburnum as a case study. Through a battery of simulation experiments, we show that RFBS performs well, even when we have realistically imperfect knowledge of enabled biome affinities for most analyzed species. We also show that RFBS reliably discerns established from enabled affinities, with similar accuracy to standard competing models that ignore the existence of enabled biome affinities. Lastly, we apply RFBS to Viburnum to infer ancestral biomes throughout the tree and to highlight instances where repeated shifts between established affinities for warm and cold temperate forest biomes were enabled by a stable and slowly-evolving enabled affinity for both temperate biomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McHugh, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donoghue, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landis, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.30.610561</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Phylogenetic Model of Established and Enabled Biome Shifts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.02.610852v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Design of linked-domain protein inhibitors of UBE2D as tools to study cellular ubiquitination 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.02.610852v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ubiquitin (Ub) is a post-translational modification that largely controls proteostasis through mechanisms spanning transcription, translation, and notably, protein degradation. Ub conjugation occurs through a hierarchical cascade of three enzyme classes (E1, E2, and E3s) involving >1000 proteins that regulate the ubiquitination of proteins. The E2 Ub-conjugating enzymes are the midpoint, yet their cellular roles remain under-characterized, partly due to a lack of inhibitors. For example, the cellular roles of the promiscuous E2 UBE2D/UBCH5 are not well described. Here, we develop a highly selective, multivalent, engineered protein inhibitor for the UBE2D family that simultaneously targets the RING- and backside-binding sites. In HeLa cells, these inhibitors phenocopy knockdown of UBE2D by reducing the IC50 to cisplatin and whole-cell proteomics reveal an increased abundance of [~]20% of the identified proteins, consistent with reduced Ub degradation and proteotoxic stress. These precision tools will enable new studies probing UBE2Ds central role in proteome management.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bukhari, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nederstigt, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cope, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolhuis, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harvey, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hill, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawson, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leah, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Low, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fong, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangel, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleiger, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldfarb, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vierra, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, N. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harrison, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.02.610852</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Design of linked-domain protein inhibitors of UBE2D as tools to study cellular ubiquitination]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.30.610556v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phosphorylation of CRYAB Induces a Condensatopathy to Worsen Post-Myocardial Infarction Left Ventricular Remodeling. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.30.610556v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein aggregates are emerging therapeutic targets in rare monogenic causes of cardiomyopathy and amyloid heart disease, but their role in more prevalent heart failure syndromes remains mechanistically unexamined. We observed mis-localization of desmin and sarcomeric proteins to aggregates in human myocardium with ischemic cardiomyopathy and in mouse hearts with post-myocardial infarction ventricular remodeling, mimicking findings of autosomal-dominant cardiomyopathy induced by R120G mutation in the cognate chaperone protein, CRYAB. In both syndromes, we demonstrate increased partitioning of CRYAB phosphorylated on serine-59 to NP40-insoluble aggregate-rich biochemical fraction. While CRYAB undergoes phase separation to form condensates, the phospho-mimetic mutation of serine-59 to aspartate (S59D) in CRYAB mimics R120G-CRYAB mutants with reduced condensate fluidity, formation of protein aggregates and increased cell death. Conversely, changing serine to alanine (phosphorylation-deficient mutation) at position 59 (S59A) restored condensate fluidity, and reduced both R120G-CRYAB aggregates and cell death. In mice, S59D CRYAB knock-in was sufficient to induce desmin mis-localization and myocardial protein aggregates, while S59A CRYAB knock-in rescued left ventricular systolic dysfunction post-myocardial infarction and preserved desmin localization with reduced myocardial protein aggregates. 25-Hydroxycholesterol attenuated CRYAB serine-59 phosphorylation and rescued post-myocardial infarction adverse remodeling. Thus, targeting CRYAB phosphorylation-induced condensatopathy is an attractive strategy to counter ischemic cardiomyopathy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Islam, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rawnsley, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navid, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foroughi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navid, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weinheimer, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kovacs, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nigro, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diwan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumari, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Razani, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Margulies, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdellatif, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sedej, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Javaheri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Covey, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mani, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diwan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.30.610556</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phosphorylation of CRYAB Induces a Condensatopathy to Worsen Post-Myocardial Infarction Left Ventricular Remodeling.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.02.610815v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Is criticality a unified set-point of brain function? 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.02.610815v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Brains face selective pressure to optimize computation, broadly defined. This optimization is achieved by myriad mechanisms and processes that influence the brains computational state. These include development, plasticity, homeostasis, and more. Despite enormous variability over time and between individuals, do these diverse mechanisms converge on the same set-point? Is there a universal computational optimum around which the healthy brain tunes itself? The criticality hypothesis posits such a unified computational set-point. Criticality is a special dynamical brain state, defined by internally-generated multi-scale, marginally-stable dynamics which maximize many features of information processing. The first experimental support for this hypothesis emerged two decades ago, and evidence has accumulated at an accelerating pace, despite a contentious history. Here, we lay out the logic of criticality as a general computational end-point and systematically review experimental evidence for the hypothesis. We perform a meta-analysis of 143 datasets from manuscripts published between 2003 and 2024. To our surprise, we find that a long-standing controversy in the field is the product of a simple methodological choice that has no bearing on underlying dynamics. Our results suggest that a new generation of research can leverage the concept of criticality--as a unifying principle of brain function-to accelerate our understanding of behavior, cognition, and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hengen, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shew, W. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.02.610815</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Is criticality a unified set-point of brain function?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.04.611296v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LEA_4 motifs function alone and in conjunction with synergistic cosolutes to protect a labile enzyme during desiccation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.04.611296v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Organisms from all kingdoms of life depend on Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins to survive desiccation. LEA proteins are divided into broad families distinguished by the presence of family-specific motif sequences. The LEA_4 family, characterized by eleven-residue motifs, plays a crucial role in the desiccation tolerance of numerous species. However, the role of these motifs in the function of LEA_4 proteins is unclear, with some studies finding that they recapitulate the function of full-length LEA_4 proteins in vivo, and other studies finding the opposite result. In this study, we characterize the ability of LEA_4 motifs to protect a desiccation-sensitive enzyme, citrate synthase, from loss of function during desiccation. We show here that LEA_4 motifs not only prevent the loss of function of citrate synthase during desiccation, but also that they can do so more robustly via synergistically interactions with cosolutes. Our analysis further suggests that cosolutes induce synergy with LEA_4 motifs in a manner that correlates with transfer free energy (TFE). This research advances our understanding of LEA_4 proteins by demonstrating that during desiccation their motifs can protect specific clients to varying degrees and that their protective capacity is modulated by their chemical environment. Our findings extend beyond the realm of desiccation tolerance, offering insights into the interplay between IDPs and cosolutes. By investigating the function of LEA_4 motifs, we highlight broader strategies for understanding protein stability and function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nicholson, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gollub, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCoy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sukenik, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boothby, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.04.611296</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LEA_4 motifs function alone and in conjunction with synergistic cosolutes to protect a labile enzyme during desiccation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.03.610973v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DIFFERENTIAL CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE SPECTRO-TEMPORAL AND VOCAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AUDITORY PSEUDOWORDS TO MULTIPLE SOUND-SYMBOLIC MAPPINGS 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.03.610973v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sound symbolism, the idea that the sound of a word alone can convey its meaning, is often studied using auditory pseudowords. For example, people reliably assign the auditory pseudowords "bouba" and "kiki" to rounded and pointed shapes, respectively. Previously we showed that representational dissimilarity matrices (RDMs) of the shape ratings of auditory pseudowords correlated significantly with RDMs of acoustic parameters reflecting spectro-temporal variations; the ratings also correlated significantly with voice quality features. Here, participants rated auditory pseudowords on scales representing categorical opposites across seven meaning domains, including shape. Examination of the relationships of the perceptual ratings to spectro-temporal and vocal parameters of the pseudowords essentially replicated our previous findings for shape while varying patterns emerged for the other domains. Thus, the spectro-temporal and vocal properties of spoken pseudowords contribute differentially to sound-symbolic mapping depending on the meaning domain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lacey, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matthews, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffmann, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sathian, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nygaard, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.03.610973</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DIFFERENTIAL CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE SPECTRO-TEMPORAL AND VOCAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AUDITORY PSEUDOWORDS TO MULTIPLE SOUND-SYMBOLIC MAPPINGS]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.03.611024v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The small MAF transcription factor MAFG co-opts MITF to promote melanoma progression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.03.611024v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcription factor deregulation potently drives melanoma progression by dynamically and reversibly controlling gene expression programs. We previously identified the small MAF family transcription factor MAFG as a putative driver of melanoma progression, prompting an in-depth evaluation of its role in melanoma. MAFG expression increases with human melanoma stages and ectopic MAFG expression enhances the malignant behavior of human melanoma cells in vitro, xenograft models, and genetic mouse models of spontaneous melanoma. Moreover, MAFG induces a melanoma phenotype switch from a melanocytic state to a more dedifferentiated state. Mechanistically, MAFG interacts with the lineage transcription factor MITF which is required for the pro-tumorigenic effects of MAFG. MAFG and MITF co-occupy numerous genomic sites and MAFG overexpression influences the expression of genes harboring binding sites for the MAFG[~]MITF complex. These results establish MAFG as a potent driver of melanomagenesis through dimerization with MITF and uncover an unappreciated mechanism of MITF regulation.

Significance statementMITF is critically involved in melanoma progression and phenotype switching. We discovered that MAFG interacts with MITF to influence expression of MITF target genes and facilitate a shift toward a dedifferentiated melanoma cell state. This study demonstrates that MAFG promotes melanomagenesis by influencing MITF activity, an unappreciated mechanism of MITF regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vera, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soto-Vargas, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruiz-Buceta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mecozzi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chadourne, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Posorske, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angarita, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bok, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murikipudi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Messina, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, K. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Major, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibanez-de-Caceres, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karreth, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.03.611024</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The small MAF transcription factor MAFG co-opts MITF to promote melanoma progression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.05.611425v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural Basis for Dimerization and Activation of UvrD-family Helicases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.05.611425v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
UvrD-family helicases are superfamily 1A motor proteins that function during DNA replication, recombination, repair, and transcription. UvrD family monomers translocate along single stranded (ss) DNA but need to be activated by dimerization to unwind DNA in the absence of force or accessory factors. However, prior structural studies have only revealed monomeric complexes. Here, we report the first structures of a dimeric UvrD-family helicase, Mycobacterium tuberculosis UvrD1, both free and bound to a DNA junction. In each structure, the dimer interface occurs between the 2B subdomains of each subunit. The apo UvrD1 dimer is observed in symmetric compact and extended forms indicating substantial flexibility. This symmetry is broken in the DNA-bound dimer complex with leading and trailing subunits adopting distinct conformations. Biochemical experiments reveal that the E. coli UvrD dimer shares the same 2B-2B interface. In contrast to the dimeric structures, an inactive, auto-inhibited UvrD1 DNA-bound monomer structure reveals 2B subdomain-DNA contacts that are likely inhibitory. The major re-orientation of the 2B subdomains that occurs upon UvrD1 dimerization prevents these duplex DNA interactions, thus relieving the auto-inhibition. These structures reveal that the 2B subdomain serves a major regulatory role rather than participating directly in DNA unwinding.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chadda, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lohman, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galburt, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.05.611425</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural Basis for Dimerization and Activation of UvrD-family Helicases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.06.611752v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Expansion microscopy of axonemal dyneins in islet primary cilia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.06.611752v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Primary cilia are vital sensory organelles whose structures are challenging to study due to their solitary nature and intricate cytoskeleton. Current imaging modalities are limited in their ability to visualize structural details that are important for understanding primary cilia function. Ultrastructure expansion microscopy (U-ExM) is a recent superresolution imaging technique that physically expands biological specimens using a swellable hydrogel, allowing structural interrogation of small cellular components such as cilia. In this study, we apply U-ExM to mouse and human pancreatic islets to visualize the axonemal cytoskeleton and associated proteins in primary cilia. Our study reveals the expression of axonemal dynein in islet primary cilia and centrioles, with DNAI1 being a principal subunit which we validate using targeted shRNA knockdown. We conclude that U-ExM is suitable for localizing protein expression in pancreatic islet cilia which contain axonemal dynein.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughes, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.06.611752</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Expansion microscopy of axonemal dyneins in islet primary cilia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.09.612072v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SIRT6 loss causes intervertebral disc degeneration in mice by promoting senescence and SASP status 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.09.612072v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intervertebral disc degeneration is a major risk factor contributing to chronic low back and neck pain. While the etiological factors for disc degeneration vary, age is still one of the most important risk factors. Recent studies have shown the promising role of SIRT6 in mammalian aging and skeletal tissue health, however its role in the intervertebral disc health remains unexplored. We investigated the contribution of SIRT6 to disc health by studying the age-dependent spinal phenotype of mice with conditional deletion of Sirt6 in the disc (AcanCreERT2; Sirt6fl/fl). Histological studies showed a degenerative phenotype in knockout mice compared to Sirt6fl/fl control mice at 12 months which became pronounced at 24 months. RNA-Seq analysis of NP and AF tissues, quantitative histone analysis, and in vitro multiomics employing RNA-seq with ATAC-seq revealed that SIRT6-loss resulted in changes in acetylation and methylation status of specific Histone 3 lysine residues, thereby affecting DNA accessibility and transcriptomic landscape. A decrease in autophagy and an increase in DNA damage were also noted in Sirt6-deficient cells. Further mechanistic insights revealed that loss of SIRT6 increased senescence and SASP burden in the disc characterized by increased p21, {gamma}H2AX, IL-6, and TGF-{beta} abundance. Taken together our study highlights the contribution of SIRT6 in modulating DNA damage, autophagy and cell senescence, and its importance in maintaining disc health during aging thereby underscoring it as a potential therapeutic target to treat intervertebral disc degeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ramteke, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toci, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnston, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsingas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barve, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitra, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loeser, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collins, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Risbud, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.09.612072</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SIRT6 loss causes intervertebral disc degeneration in mice by promoting senescence and SASP status]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.04.611333v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mast cells promote pathology and susceptibility in tuberculosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.04.611333v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), infects approximately one-fourth of the worlds population. We reported an increased accumulation of mast cells (MCs) in the lungs of macaques with active pulmonary TB (PTB), compared with those with latent TB infection (LTBI). MCs respond in vitro to Mtb exposure via degranulation and by inducing proinflammatory cytokines. In the current study, we demonstrate an increased production of chymase by MCs in granulomas of humans and macaques with PTB. Single-cell (sc) RNA sequencing analysis revealed distinct MC transcriptional programs between LTBI and PTB, with PTB associated MCs enriched in interferon gamma, oxidative phosphorylation, and MYC signaling. In a mouse model, MC deficiency led to improved control of Mtb infection that coincided with reduced accumulation of lung myeloid cells and diminished lung inflammation at chronic stages of infection. Airway transfer of MCs into wild-type Mtb infected mice showed increased neutrophils, decreased recruited macrophages, and elevated Mtb dissemination to the spleen. Together, these findings highlight MCs as active drivers of TB pathogenesis and potential targets for host-directed therapies for TB.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gupta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taneja, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangel-Moreno, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abhimanyu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naqvi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chauhan, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Leon, D. T.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez-Martinez, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jimenez-Alvarez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luna-Rivero, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuniga, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaushal, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khader, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.04.611333</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mast cells promote pathology and susceptibility in tuberculosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.05.611035v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hyperglycemia selectively increases cerebral non-oxidative glucose consumption without affecting blood flow 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.05.611035v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multiple studies have shown that hyperglycemia increases the cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRglc) in subcortical white matter. This observation remains unexplained. Using positron emission tomography (PET) and euinsulinaemic glucose clamps, we found, for the first time, that acute hyperglycemia increases non-oxidative CMRglc (i.e., aerobic glycolysis (AG)) in subcortical white mater as well as in medial temporal lobe structures, cerebellum and brainstem, all areas with low euglycemic CMRglc. Surprisingly, hyperglycemia did not change regional cerebral blood flow (CBF), the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2), or the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) response. Regional gene expression data reveal that brain regions where CMRglc increased have greater expression of hexokinase 2 (HK2). Simulations of glucose transport revealed that, unlike hexokinase 1, HK2 is not saturated at euglycemia, thus accommodating increased AG during hyperglycemia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Blazey, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snyder, A. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goyal, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hershey, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arbelaez, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raichle, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.05.611035</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hyperglycemia selectively increases cerebral non-oxidative glucose consumption without affecting blood flow]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.10.612318v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A circular engineered sortase for interrogating histone H3 in chromatin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.10.612318v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Reversible modification of the histone H3 N-terminal tail is critical in regulating chromatin structure, gene expression, and cell states, while its dysregulation contributes to disease pathogenesis. Understanding the crosstalk between H3 tail modifications in nucleosomes constitutes a central challenge in epigenetics. Here we describe an engineered sortase transpeptidase, cW11, that displays highly favorable properties for introducing scarless H3 tails onto nucleosomes. This approach significantly accelerates the production of both symmetrically and asymmetrically modified nucleosomes. We demonstrate the utility of asymmetrically modified nucleosomes produced in this way in dissecting the impact of multiple modifications on eraser enzyme processing and molecular recognition by a reader protein. Moreover, we show that cW11 sortase is very effective at cutting and tagging histone H3 tails from endogenous histones, facilitating multiplex "cut-and-paste" middle down proteomics with tandem mass tags. This cut-and-paste proteomics approach permits the quantitative analysis of histone H3 modification crosstalk after treatment with different histone deacetylase inhibitors. We propose that these chemoenzymatic tail isolation and modification strategies made possible with cW11 sortase will broadly power epigenetics discovery and therapeutic development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Whedon, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zahn, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abeywardana, M. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fairall, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nam, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dubois-Coyne, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Ioannes, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrei, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lundberg, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armache, K.-J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwabe, J. W. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cole, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.10.612318</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A circular engineered sortase for interrogating histone H3 in chromatin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.09.612056v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Early Life Neuroimaging: The Generalizability of Cortical Area Parcellations Across Development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.09.612056v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cerebral cortex consists of distinct areas that develop through intrinsic embryonic patterning and postnatal experiences. Accurate parcellation of these areas in neuroimaging studies improves statistical power and cross-study comparability. Given significant brain changes in volume, microstructure, and connectivity during early life, we hypothesized that cortical areas in 1- to 3-year-olds would differ markedly from neonates and increasingly resemble adult patterns as development progresses.

Here, we parcellated the cerebral cortex into putative areas using local functional connectivity gradients in 92 toddlers at 2 years old. We demonstrate high reproducibility of these cortical regions across 1- to 3-year-olds in two independent datasets. The area boundaries in 1- to 3-year-olds were more similar to those in adults than those in neonates. While the age-specific group area parcellation better fit the underlying functional connectivity in individuals during the first 3 years, adult area parcellations might still have some utility in developmental studies, especially in children older than 6 years. Additionally, we provide connectivity-based community assignments of the parcels, showing fragmented anterior and posterior components based on the strongest connectivity, yet alignment with adult systems when weaker connectivity was included.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myers, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dierker, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Day, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snyder, A. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Latham, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kenley, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sobolewski, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Labonte, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feczko, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kardan, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sylvester, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fair, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elison, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warner, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barch, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luby, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smyser, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laumann, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eggebrecht, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wheelock, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.09.612056</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Early Life Neuroimaging: The Generalizability of Cortical Area Parcellations Across Development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.11.612541v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Autism and Intellectual Disability-Associated MYT1L Mutation Alters Human Cortical Interneuron Differentiation, Maturation, and Physiology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.11.612541v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MYT1L is a neuronal transcription factor highly expressed in the developing and adult brain. While pathogenic MYT1L mutation causes neurodevelopmental disorders, these have not been characterized in human models of neurodevelopment. Here, we defined the consequences of pathogenic MYT1L mutation in human pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical interneurons. During differentiation, mutation reduced MYT1L expression and increased progenitor cell cycle exit and neuronal differentiation and synapse-related gene expression, morphological complexity, and synaptic puncta formation. Conversely, interneuron maturation was compromised, while variant neurons exhibited altered sodium and potassium channel activity and reduced function in electrophysiological analyses. CRISPRi-based knockdown similarly impaired interneuron differentiation and maturation, supporting loss of function-based effects. We further defined MYT1L genome-wide occupancy in interneurons and related this to the transcriptomic dysregulation resulting from MYT1L mutation, to identify direct targets that could mediate these phenotypic consequences. Together, this work delineates contributors to the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders resulting from MYT1L mutation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Prakasam, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Determan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narasimhan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saleh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chapman, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaushik, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gontarz, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meganathan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hakim, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huettner, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kroll, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.11.612541</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Autism and Intellectual Disability-Associated MYT1L Mutation Alters Human Cortical Interneuron Differentiation, Maturation, and Physiology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.07.611794v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predictive Prioritization of Enhancers Associated with Pancreas Disease Risk 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.07.611794v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetic and epigenetic variations in regulatory enhancer elements increase susceptibility to a range of pathologies. Despite recent advances, linking enhancer elements to target genes and predicting transcriptional outcomes of enhancer dysfunction remain significant challenges. Using 3D chromatin conformation assays, we generated an extensive enhancer interaction dataset for the human pancreas, encompassing more than 20 donors and five major cell types, including both exocrine and endocrine compartments. We employed a network approach to parse chromatin interactions into enhancer-promoter tree models, facilitating a quantitative, genome-wide analysis of enhancer connectivity. With these tree models, we developed a machine learning algorithm to estimate the impact of enhancer perturbations on cell type-specific gene expression in the human pancreas. Orthogonal to our computational approach, we perturbed enhancer function in primary human pancreas cells using CRISPR interference and quantified the effects at the single-cell level through RNA FISH coupled with high-throughput imaging. Our enhancer tree models enabled the annotation of common germline risk variants associated with pancreas diseases, linking them to putative target genes in specific cell types. For pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, we found a stronger enrichment of disease susceptibility variants within acinar cell regulatory elements, despite ductal cells historically being assumed as the primary cell-of-origin. Our integrative approach--combining cell type-specific enhancer-promoter interaction mapping, computational models, and single-cell enhancer perturbation assays--produced a robust resource for studying the genetic basis of pancreas disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prasad, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wildenthal, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sturgill, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Truongvo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Char, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pegoraro, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKinnon, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>The Pancreatic Cancer Cohort Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>The Pancreatic Cancer Case-Control Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoskins, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amundadottir, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arda, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.07.611794</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predictive Prioritization of Enhancers Associated with Pancreas Disease Risk]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.10.612309v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predicting Task Activation Maps from Resting-State Functional Connectivity using Deep Learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.10.612309v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Deep learning has shown promise in predicting task-evoked brain activation patterns from resting-state fMRI. In this study, we replicate the state-of-the-art BrainSurfCNN model using data from the Human Connectome Project, and explore biologically motivated frameworks to improve prediction performance and computational efficiency. Specifically, we evaluate two model variants: BrainSERF, which integrates a Squeeze-and-Excitation attention mechanism into the U-Net backbone, and BrainSurfGCN, a lightweight graph neural network architecture that leverages mesh topology for efficient message passing. Both models yield comparable prediction performance to BrainSurfCNN, with BrainSERF offering modest improvements in subject identification accuracy and BrainSurfGCN delivering substantial reductions in model size and training time. We also investigate factors contributing to interindividual variability in prediction accuracy and identify task performance and data quality as significant modulators. Our findings highlight new architectural avenues for improving the scalability of brain decoding models and underscore the need to consider individual variability when evaluating prediction fidelity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Madsen, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uddin, L. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mumford, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barch, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fair, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gotlib, I. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poldrack, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuceyeski, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saggar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.10.612309</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predicting Task Activation Maps from Resting-State Functional Connectivity using Deep Learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.10.612317v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enantiomeric histidine-rich peptide coacervates enhance antigen delivery to T cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.10.612317v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Peptides and peptidomimetics that self-assemble via LLPS have recently emerged as building blocks for fabricating functional biomaterials due to their unique physicochemical properties and dynamic nature. One of lifes most distinctive signatures is its selectivity for chiral molecules and, to date, coacervates comprised of D-amino acids have not been reported. Here, we demonstrate that histidine-rich repeats of (GHGXY)4 (X=L/V/P) and their enantiomers undergo LLPS opening new avenues for enhancing coacervate stability. Through a series of biophysical studies, we find that LLPS kinetics, droplet size, fusion, and encapsulation efficiency are dictated by the primary sequence. Further, these coacervates can encapsulate therapeutic cargo which are then internalized via endocytic mechanisms. Finally, we show that the coacervates enhance antigen presentation to CD4+ and CD8+ T cells resulting in robust proliferation and production of functional cytokines. Collectively, our study describes the development and characterization of enantiomeric peptide coacervates as attractive vaccine delivery vehicles with tunable physicochemical properties.

HIGHLIGHTSO_LID amino acid-peptides were used for the first time to construct phase separating coacervates
C_LIO_LIChirality does not restrict LLPS or modulate other coacervate properties
C_LIO_LIAntigen delivery using chiral coacervates enhances and prolongs presentation to T cells
C_LI

PROGRESS AND POTENTIALPeptides can undergo self-assembly via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) to result in solute-rich coacervates that can serve as biomaterials. Using histidine-rich peptide repeats, this work demonstrates that peptides composed of entirely D-amino acids can form functional coaceravtes. The kinetics of LLPS and bulk properties of the droplets can be controlled through simple amino acid substitutions. The coacervates, while immunologically inert, exert an adjuvanting effect and enhance antigen presentation to T cells leading to proliferation and functional cytokine production. The materials showcased here possess high translational potential for combined delivery of immunomodulators and antigens for vaccine delivery against infectious diseases or cancer. The deliverables from this study will also inspire the development of chiral systems that will contribute to the knowledge of cellular processes associated with phase changes integral to both physiology and pathology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pramanik, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Struckman, H. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stealey, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sprunger, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdul, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fascetti, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mondal, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zustiak, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackrel, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rudra, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.10.612317</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enantiomeric histidine-rich peptide coacervates enhance antigen delivery to T cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.14.613091v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The L1CAM SAX-7 is an antagonistic modulator of Erk signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.14.613091v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
L1CAMs are immunoglobulin superfamily cell adhesion molecules that ensure proper nervous system development and function. In addition to being associated with the autism and schizophrenia spectrum disorders, mutations in the L1CAM family of genes also underlie distinct developmental syndromes with neurological conditions, such as intellectual disability, spastic paraplegia, hypotonia and congenital hydrocephalus. Studies in both vertebrate and invertebrate model organisms have established conserved neurodevelopmental roles for L1CAMs; these include axon guidance, dendrite morphogenesis, synaptogenesis, and maintenance of neural architecture, among others. In Caenorhabditis elegans, L1CAMs, encoded by the sax-7 gene, are required for coordinated locomotion. We previously uncovered a genetic interaction between sax-7 and components of synaptic vesicle cycle, revealing a non-developmental role for sax-7 in regulating synaptic activity. More recently, we determined that sax-7 also genetically interacts with extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) signaling in controlling coordinated locomotion. C. elegans ERK, encoded by the mpk-1 gene, is a serine/threonine protein kinase belonging to the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family that governs multiple aspects of animal development and cellular homeostasis. Here, we show this genetic interaction between sax-7 and mpk-1 occurs not only in cholinergic neurons for coordinated locomotion, but also extends outside the nervous system, revealing novel roles for SAX-7/L1CAM in non-neuronal processes, including vulval development. Our genetic findings in both the nervous system and developing vulva are consistent with SAX-7/L1CAM acting as an antagonistic modulator of ERK signaling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moseley-Alldredge, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aragon, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vargus, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alley, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Somia, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.14.613091</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The L1CAM SAX-7 is an antagonistic modulator of Erk signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.16.613268v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A single ancestral ANP32 locus in ticks creates multiple protein variants that all support the Thogoto virus polymerase 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.16.613268v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Viral polymerases rely on cellular cofactors to support efficient transcription of viral genes and replication of the viral genome. The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of influenza virus, an orthomyxovirus, requires cellular ANP32A or ANP32B proteins for genome replication. However, little is known about whether ANP32 proteins are required by other orthomyxoviruses like the tick-borne thogotoviruses. Recent structural studies coupled with functional assays suggested that the Thogoto virus polymerase uses both ANP32A and ANP32B from brown dog ticks. We clarify here that this tick vector encodes a single ANP32 locus corresponding to ANP32A. This single gene produces multiple protein variants through alternative splicing and start-site selection, all of which enhance Thogoto virus polymerase. Thogoto virus polymerase activity is also enhanced by human and chicken ANP32 proteins. Thus, ANP32A is a deeply conserved pro-viral cofactor and Thogoto virus shows remarkable plasticity utilizing ANP32 homologues separated by almost 1 billion years of evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nipper, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aziati, I. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehle, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.16.613268</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A single ancestral ANP32 locus in ticks creates multiple protein variants that all support the Thogoto virus polymerase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.17.613469v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A chronic murine model of pulmonary Acinetobacter baumannii infection enabling the investigation of late virulence factors, long-term antibiotic treatments, and polymicrobial infections 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.17.613469v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Acinetobacter baumannii can cause prolonged infections that disproportionately affect immunocompromised populations. Our understanding of A. baumannii respiratory pathogenesis relies on an acute murine infection model with limited clinical relevance that employs an unnaturally high number of bacteria and requires the assessment of bacterial load at 24-36 hours post-infection. Here, we demonstrate that low intranasal inoculums in immunocompromised mice with a tlr4 mutation leads to reduced inflammation, allowing for persistent infections lasting at least 3 weeks. Using this "chronic infection model," we determined the adhesin InvL is an imperative virulence factor required during later stages of infection, despite being dispensable in the early phase. We also demonstrate that the chronic model enables the distinction between antibiotics that, although initially reduce bacterial burden, either lead to complete clearance or result in the formation of bacterial persisters. To illustrate how our model can be applied to study polymicrobial infections, we inoculated mice with an active A. baumannii infection with Staphylococcus aureus or Klebsiella pneumoniae. We found that S. aureus exacerbates the infection, while K. pneumoniae enhances A. baumannii clearance. In all, the chronic model overcomes some limitations of the acute pulmonary model, expanding our capabilities to study of A. baumannii pathogenesis and lays the groundwork for the development of similar models for other important opportunistic pathogens.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jackson-Litteken, C. D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Venanzio, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janet-Maitre, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Araujo Castro, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mackel, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feldman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.17.613469</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A chronic murine model of pulmonary Acinetobacter baumannii infection enabling the investigation of late virulence factors, long-term antibiotic treatments, and polymicrobial infections]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.17.613524v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A dopaminergic basis of behavioral control 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.17.613524v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Both goal-directed and automatic processes shape human behavior, but these processes often conflict. Behavioral control is the decision about which process guides behavior. Despite the importance of behavioral control for adaptive decision-making, its neural mechanisms remain unclear. Critically, it is unknown if there are mechanisms for behavioral control that are distinct from those supporting the formation of goal-relevant knowledge. We performed deep phenotyping of individual dopamine system function by combining multiple PET scans, fMRI, and dopaminergic drug administration in a within-subject, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Subjects performed a rule-based response time task, with goal-directed and automatic decision-making operationalized as model-based and model-free influences on behavior. We found a double dissociation between two aspects of ventral striatal dopamine physiology: D2/3 receptor availability and dopamine synthesis capacity. Convergent and causal evidence indicated that D2/3 receptors regulate behavioral control by enhancing model-based and blunting model-free influences on behavior but do not affect model-based knowledge formation. In contrast, dopamine synthesis capacity was linked to the formation of model-based knowledge but not behavioral control. D2/3 receptors also modulated frontostriatal functional connectivity, suggesting they regulate behavioral control by gating prefrontal inputs to the striatum. These results identify central mechanisms underlying individual and state differences in behavioral control and point to striatal D2/3 receptors as targets for interventions for improving goal-directed behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ballard, I. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furman, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berry, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jagust, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kayser, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Esposito, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.17.613524</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A dopaminergic basis of behavioral control]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.18.613542v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cutibacterium adaptation to life on humans provides a novel biomarker of C. acnes infections. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.18.613542v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The domestication of cattle provided Propionibacteriaceae the opportunity to adapt to human skin. These bacteria constitute a distinct genus (Cutibacterium), and a single species within that genus (C. acnes) dominates 25% of human skin. C. acnes protects humans from pathogen colonization, but it can also infect indwelling medical devices inserted through human skin. Proteins that help Cutibacteria live on our skin may also act as virulence factors during an opportunistic infection, like a shoulder periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). To better understand the evolution of this commensal and opportunistic pathogen, we sought to extensively characterize one of these proteins, RoxP. This secreted protein is only found in the Cutibacterium genus, helps C. acnes grow in oxic environments, and is required for C. acnes to colonize human skin. Structure-based sequence analysis of twenty-one RoxP orthologs (71-100% identity to C. acnes strain KPA171202 RoxP_1) revealed a high-degree of molecular surface conservation and helped identify a potential heme-binding interface. Biophysical evaluation of a subset of seven RoxP orthologs (71-100% identity) demonstrated that heme-binding is conserved. Computational modeling of these orthologs suggests that RoxP heme-binding is mediated by an invariant molecular surface composed of a surface-exposed tryptophan (W66), adjacent cationic pocket, and nearby potential heme axial ligands. Further, these orthologs were found to undergo heme-dependent oligomerization. To further probe the role of this protein in C. acnes biology, we developed four monoclonal anti-RoxP antibodies, assessed the binding of those antibodies to a subset of ten RoxP orthologs (71-100% identity), developed an anti-RoxP sandwich ELISA (sELISA) with sub-nanogram sensitivity, and adapted that sELISA to quantitate RoxP in human biofluids that can be infected by C. acnes (serum, synovial fluid, cerebrospinal fluid). This study expands our understanding of how an environmental bacterium evolved to live on humans, and the assays developed in this work can now be used to identify this organism when it gains access to sterile sites to cause opportunistic infections.

Author SummaryThe longer humans live, the more they require internal "replacement parts," like prosthetic joints. Increased placement of these and other medical devices has increased their complications, which frequently are infections caused by microbes that live on humans. One of these microbes is Cutibacterium acnes, which dominates 25% of human skin. It appears that when humans domesticated cattle, a C. acnes ancestor adapted from living in cows to living on people. One of these adaptations was RoxP, a protein only found in Cutibacterium and carried by all C. acnes. Here, we describe our extensive characterization of RoxP. We found that distantly related RoxP conserve high stability at the low pH found on human skin. They also conserve the ability to bind heme, a source of iron used by microbes when they infect humans. As a part of this work, we developed tests that measure RoxP to identify C. acnes growth. In a clinic or hospital, these tests could allow a doctor to rapidly identify C. acnes infections, which would improve patient outcomes and lower healthcare costs. This work has helped us better understand how C. acnes adapted to live on humans and to identify C. acnes infections of medical devices.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shafiuddin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prather, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anton, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sillart, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, J. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vittori, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prinsen, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ninneman, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manithody, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henderson, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aleem, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ilagan, M. X. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCoy, W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.18.613542</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cutibacterium adaptation to life on humans provides a novel biomarker of C. acnes infections.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.16.612897v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development and evaluation of a non-invasive brain-spine interface using transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.16.612897v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Motor rehabilitation is a therapeutic process to facilitate functional recovery in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). However, its efficacy is limited to areas with remaining sensorimotor function. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) creates a temporary prosthetic effect that may allow further rehabilitation-induced recovery in individuals without remaining sensorimotor function, thereby extending the therapeutic reach of motor rehabilitation to individuals with more severe injuries. In this work, we report our first steps in developing a non-invasive brain-spine interface (BSI) based on electroencephalography (EEG) and transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS). The objective of this study was to identify EEG-based neural correlates of lower limb movement in the sensorimotor cortex of unimpaired individuals and to quantify the performance of a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) decoder in detecting movement onset from these neural correlates. Our results show that initiation of knee extension was associated with event-related desynchronization in the central-medial cortical regions at frequency bands between 4-44 Hz. Our neural decoder using {micro} (8-12 Hz), low {beta} (16-20 Hz), and high {beta} (24-28 Hz) frequency bands achieved an average area under the curve (AUC) of 0.83 {+/-} 0.06 s.d. (n = 7) during a cued movement task offline. Generalization to imagery and uncued movement tasks served as positive controls to verify robustness against movement artifacts and cue-related confounds, respectively. With the addition of real-time decoder-modulated tSCS, the neural decoder performed with an average AUC of 0.81 {+/-} 0.05 s.d. (n = 9) on cued movement and 0.68 {+/-} 0.12 s.d. (n = 9) on uncued movement. Our results suggest that the decrease in decoder performance in uncued movement may be due to differences in underlying cortical strategies between conditions. Furthermore, we explore alternative applications of the BSI system by testing neural decoders trained on uncued movement and imagery tasks. By developing a non-invasive BSI, tSCS can be timed to be delivered only during voluntary effort, which may have implications for improving rehabilitation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Atkinson, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lombardi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keesey, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawthorn, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seitz, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leuthardt, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunner, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seanez, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.16.612897</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development and evaluation of a non-invasive brain-spine interface using transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.16.613257v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Peripheral opioid receptor antagonism alleviates fentanyl-induced cardiorespiratory depression and is devoid of aversive effects 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.16.613257v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Millions of Americans suffering from Opioid Use Disorders (OUD) face a high risk of fatal overdose due to opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD). Fentanyl, a powerful synthetic opioid, is a major contributor to the rising rates of overdose deaths. Reversing fentanyl overdoses has proved challenging due to its high potency and the rapid onset of OIRD. We assessed the contributions of central and peripheral mu opioid receptors (MORs) in mediating fentanyl-induced physiological responses. The peripherally restricted MOR antagonist naloxone methiodide (NLXM) both prevented and reversed OIRD to a degree comparable to that of naloxone (NLX), indicating substantial involvement of peripheral MORs to OIRD. Interestingly, NLXM-mediated OIRD reversal did not produce aversive behaviors observed after NLX. We show that neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract (nTS), the first central synapse of peripheral afferents, exhibit a biphasic activity profile following fentanyl exposure. NLXM pretreatment attenuates this activity, suggesting that these responses are mediated by peripheral MORs. Together, these findings establish a critical role for peripheral MORs, including ascending inputs to the nTS, as sites of dysfunction during OIRD. Furthermore, selective peripheral MOR antagonism could be a promising therapeutic strategy for managing OIRD by sparing CNS-driven acute opioid-associated withdrawal and aversion observed after NLX.

Significance StatementIn this study, we compare the central versus peripheral components underlying fentanyl-induced cardiorespiratory depression to prevent overdose deaths. Our data indicate that these effects are, at least partially, due to the activation of mu opioid receptors present in peripheral sites. These findings provide insight into peripheral contributions to fentanyl-induced overdoses and could potentially lead to the development of treatments selectively targeting the peripheral system, sparing individuals from the CNS-driven acute opioid withdrawal generally observed with the use of naloxone.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ruyle, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masud, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kesaraju, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tahirkheli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Modh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopera, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lintz, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Higginbotham, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Massaly, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moron-Concepcion, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.16.613257</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Peripheral opioid receptor antagonism alleviates fentanyl-induced cardiorespiratory depression and is devoid of aversive effects]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.17.613111v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An integrated view of the structure and function of the human 4D nucleome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.17.613111v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The dynamic three-dimensional (3D) organization of the human genome (the "4D Nucleome") is closely linked to genome function. Here, we integrate a wide variety of genomic data generated by the 4D Nucleome Project to provide a detailed view of human 3D genome organization in widely used embryonic stem cells (H1-hESCs) and immortalized fibroblasts (HFFc6). We provide extensive benchmarking of 3D genome mapping assays and integrate these diverse datasets to annotate spatial genomic features across scales. The data reveal a rich complexity of chromatin domains and their sub-nuclear positions, and over one hundred thousand structural loops and promoter-enhancer interactions. We developed 3D models of population-based and individual cell-to-cell variation in genome structure, establishing connections between chromosome folding, nuclear organization, chromatin looping, gene transcription, and DNA replication. We demonstrate the use of computational methods to predict genome folding from DNA sequence, uncovering potential effects of genetic variants on genome structure and function. Together, this comprehensive analysis contributes insights into human genome organization and enhances our understanding of connections between the regulation of genome function and 3D genome organization in general.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>The 4D Nucleome Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dekker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oksuz, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minsk, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibcus, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krietenstein, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rando, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janssens, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henikoff, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kukalev, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willemin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winick-Ng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kempfer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pombo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belmont, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasaki, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Schaik, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brueckner, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peric-Hupkes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Steensel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chai, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quinodoz, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhat, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guttman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chien, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venev, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plewczynski, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irastorza Azcarate, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szabo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thieme, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szczepinska,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.17.613111</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An integrated view of the structure and function of the human 4D nucleome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.18.613797v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Speed modulations in grid cell information geometry 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.18.613797v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Grid cells, known for their hexagonal spatial firing patterns, are widely regarded as essential to the brains internal representation of the external space. Maintaining an accurate internal spatial representation is challenging when an animal is running at high speeds, as its self-location constantly changes. Previous studies of speed modulation of grid cells focused on individual or pairs of grid cells, yet neurons represent information via collective population activity. Population noise covariance can have significant impact on information coding that is impossible to infer from individual neuron analysis. To address this issue, we developed a novel Gaussian Process with Kernel Regression (GKR) method that allows study the simultaneously recorded neural population representation from an information geometry framework. We applied GKR to grid cell population activity, and found that running speed increases both grid cell activity toroidal-like manifold size and noise strength. Importantly, the effect of manifold dilation outpaces the effect of noise increasement, as indicated by the overall higher Fisher information at increasing speeds. This result is further supported by improved spatial information decoding accuracy at high speeds. Finally, we showed that the existence of noise covariance is information detrimental because it causes more noise projected onto the manifold surface. In total, our results indicate that grid cell spatial coding improves with increasing running speed. GKR provides a useful tool to understand neural population coding from an intuitive information geometric perspective.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ye, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wessel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.18.613797</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Speed modulations in grid cell information geometry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.17.613488v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extrachromosomal DNA Associates with Nuclear Condensates and Reorganizes Chromatin Structures to Enhance Oncogenic Transcription 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.17.613488v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Extrachromosomal, circular DNA (ecDNA) is a prevalent oncogenic alteration in cancer genomes, often associated with aggressive tumor behavior and poor patient outcome. While previous studies proposed a chromatin-based mobile enhancer model for ecDNA-driven oncogenesis, its precise mechanism and impact remains unclear across diverse cancer types. Our study, utilizing advanced multi-omics profiling, epigenetic editing, and imaging approaches in three cancer models, reveals that ecDNA hubs are an integrated part of nuclear condensates and exhibit cancer-type specific chromatin connectivity. Epigenetic silencing of the ecDNA-specific regulatory modules or chemically disrupting liquid-liquid phase separation breaks down ecDNA hubs, displaces MED1 co-activator binding, inhibits oncogenic transcription, and promotes cell death. These findings substantiate the trans-activator function of ecDNA and underscore a structural mechanism driving oncogenesis. This refined understanding expands our views of oncogene regulation and opens potential avenues for novel therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Taghbalout, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tung, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clow, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tjong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maurya, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, M.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ngan, C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.17.613488</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extrachromosomal DNA Associates with Nuclear Condensates and Reorganizes Chromatin Structures to Enhance Oncogenic Transcription]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.19.613907v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Arterial spin labelling perfusion MRI analysis for the Human Connectome Project Lifespan Ageing and Development studies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.19.613907v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Human Connectome Project Lifespan studies cover the Development (5-21) and Aging (36-100+) phases of life. Arterial spin labelling (ASL) was included in the imaging protocol, resulting in one of the largest datasets collected to-date of high spatial resolution multiple delay ASL covering 3,000 subjects. The HCP-ASL minimal processing pipeline was developed specifically for this dataset to pre-process the image data and produce perfusion estimates in both volumetric and surface template space. Applied to the whole dataset, the outputs of the pipeline revealed significant and expected differences in perfusion between the Development and Ageing cohorts. Visual inspection of the group average surface maps showed that cortical perfusion often followed cortical areal boundaries, suggesting differential regulation of cerebral perfusion within brain areas at rest. Group average maps of arterial transit time also showed differential transit times in core and watershed areas of the cerebral cortex, which are useful for interpreting haemodynamics of functional MRI images. The pre-processed dataset will provide a valuable resource for understanding haemodynamics across the human lifespan.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kirk, T. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McConnell, F. A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Craig, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carone, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suzuki, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coalson, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harms, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glasser, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chappell, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.19.613907</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Arterial spin labelling perfusion MRI analysis for the Human Connectome Project Lifespan Ageing and Development studies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.17.613307v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CCR2 limits inflammatory functions of CD8 TRM cells that impair recognition memory during recovery from WNV encephalitis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.17.613307v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Central nervous system (CNS) resident memory CD8 T cells (TRM) that express IFN-{gamma} contribute to neurodegenerative processes, including synapse loss, leading to memory impairments. Here, we show that CCR2 signalling in CD8 TRM that persist within the hippocampus after recovery from CNS infection with West Nile virus (WNV) significantly prevents the development of memory impairments. Using CCR2-deficient mice, we determined that CCR2 expression is not essential for CNS T cell recruitment or virologic control during acute WNV infection. However, transcriptomic analyses of forebrain CCR2+ versus CCR2- CD8 TRM during WNV recovery reveal that CCR2 signalling significantly regulates hippocampal CD8 TRM phenotype and function via extrinsic and intrinsic effects, decreasing the expression of CD103 and granzyme A and IFN-{gamma}, respectively. Consistent with this, WNV-recovered Cd8acreCcr2fl/fl mice exhibit decreased recognition memory. Our findings highlight a neuroprotective role for CCR2 in limiting CD8 T cell-mediated neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits, providing insights into potential therapeutic targets for CNS infections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hill, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.17.613307</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CCR2 limits inflammatory functions of CD8 TRM cells that impair recognition memory during recovery from WNV encephalitis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.18.613756v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Examination of INPP5A in uveal melanoma uncovers novel calcium transients 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.18.613756v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Uveal melanoma is a highly aggressive intraocular cancer that metastasizes in about half of patients whereupon it is inexorably fatal. Uveal melanomas (UM) are distinct from other melanomas because they are driven by constitutively activating mutation in the heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunits Gq (GNAQ) and G11 (GNA11). This results in constitutive production of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) by phospholipase C-beta downstream of Gq/11. In normal cells, increased IP3 causes calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum, which would be cytotoxic if maintained chronically, but UM cells are able to survive constitutive IP3 production. INPP5A, which dephosphorylates and thus inactivates IP3, is highly upregulated in UM cells compared to other melanomas and another study has shown that INPP5A is necessary for UM cell survival. To understand the mechanism of calcium regulation in response to IP3, we collected single-cell calcium measurements and found that UM cells driven by constitutively active Gq/11 produce spontaneous calcium transients. These calcium oscillations are not seen in any other melanoma cell lines unless induced by an agonist, but they are present in patient UM tumor samples. Moreover, these calcium oscillations are lost in UM cells treated with the Gq/11 inhibitor FR900359, demonstrating their dependence on constitutive Gq/11 activity. We found that the INPP5A inhibitor YU144369 causes significant changes in calcium oscillations in UM cells, demonstrating a role for INPP5A in this system. INPP5A is tethered to membranes by C-terminal prenylation and palmitoylation, suggesting that localization may play a role in INPP5A regulation of IP3 levels. GFP-tagged INPP5A was localized to plasma membrane, nuclear envelop, endoplasmic reticulum, and lysosomes. Mutation of the palmitoylation site significantly reduced localization to the plasma membrane, while mutation of the prenylation site resulted in purely nucleoplasmic localization of INPP5A. These results demonstrate a role of palmitoylation in the regulation of INPP5A localization and mobilization in UM cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Onken, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaltenbronn, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makepeace, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piggott, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blumer, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.18.613756</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Examination of INPP5A in uveal melanoma uncovers novel calcium transients]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.19.613816v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Temperature-dependent predation predicts a more reptilian future 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.19.613816v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Vertebrate diversity increases toward the tropics, but the extent to which this pattern varies with thermoregulatory strategy is unknown. A strong divergence, if confirmed, would imply a global restructuring of vertebrate communities with temperature. Here we present evidence for a novel latitudinal and thermal gradient of comparative vertebrate diversity. Synthesizing over 34,000 terrestrial species distributions, we observe a two-orders-of-magnitude shift in comparative richness with temperature, from endothermic dominance in temperate habitats and high elevations, toward parity with ectotherms in the lowland tropics. Next, we provide experimental support for an underlying thermal gradient of predation. Using machine vision tracking in over 4,500 endotherm-ectotherm predation trials, we show that thermally-mediated differences in performance favor endotherm predators in colder conditions and yield theoretically predicted outcomes, including strike count, distance traveled, and time to capture ectotherm prey. Finally, we integrate theory and data to forecast future patterns of diversity, revealing that as the world gets warmer, it will become increasingly reptilian.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Grady, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amme, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhaskaran-Nair, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sinha, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunwasser, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Record, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dell, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hengen, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.19.613816</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Temperature-dependent predation predicts a more reptilian future]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.22.614256v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lysosomal LRRC8 complex regulates lysosomal pH, morphology and systemic glucose metabolism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.22.614256v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The lysosome integrates anabolic signalling and nutrient-sensing to regulate intracellular growth pathways. The leucine-rich repeat containing 8 (LRRC8) channel complex forms a lysosomal anion channel and regulates PI3K-AKT-mTOR signalling, skeletal muscle differentiation, growth, and systemic glucose metabolism. Here, we define the endogenous LRRC8 subunits localized to a subset of lysosomes in differentiated myotubes. We show LRRC8A regulates leucine-stimulated mTOR, lysosome size, number, pH, and expression of lysosomal proteins LAMP2, P62, LC3B, suggesting impaired autophagic flux. Mutating a LRRC8A lysosomal targeting dileucine motif sequence (LRRC8A-L706A;L707A) in myotubes recapitulates the abnormal AKT signalling and altered lysosomal morphology and pH observed in LRRC8A KO cells. In vivo, LRRC8A-L706A;L707A KI mice exhibit increased adiposity, impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance characterized by reduced skeletal muscle glucose-uptake, and impaired incorporation of glucose into glycogen. These data reveal a lysosomal LRRC8 mediated metabolic signalling function that regulates lysosomal activity, systemic glucose homeostasis and insulin-sensitivity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kumar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chadda, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abraham, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tranter, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rawnsley, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henry, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hinton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grueter, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abel, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norris, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diwan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sah, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.22.614256</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lysosomal LRRC8 complex regulates lysosomal pH, morphology and systemic glucose metabolism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.22.614353v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transient Notch Activation Converts Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes towards a Purkinje Fiber Fate 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.22.614353v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cardiac Purkinje fibers form the most distal part of the ventricular conduction system. They coordinate contraction and play a key role in ventricular arrhythmias. While many cardiac cell types can be generated from human pluripotent stem cells, methods to generate Purkinje fiber cells remain limited, hampering our understanding of Purkinje fiber biology and conduction system defects. To identify signaling pathways involved in Purkinje fiber formation, we analyzed single cell data from murine embryonic hearts and compared Purkinje fiber cells to trabecular cardiomyocytes. This identified several genes, processes, and signaling pathways putatively involved in cardiac conduction, including Notch signaling. We next tested whether Notch activation could convert human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes to Purkinje fiber cells. Following Notch activation, cardiomyocytes adopted an elongated morphology and displayed altered electrophysiological properties including increases in conduction velocity, spike slope, and action potential duration, all characteristic features of Purkinje fiber cells. RNA-sequencing demonstrated that Notch-activated cardiomyocytes undergo a sequential transcriptome shift, which included upregulation of key Purkinje fiber marker genes involved in fast conduction such as SCN5A, HCN4 and ID2, and downregulation of genes involved in contractile maturation. Correspondingly, we demonstrate that Notch-induced cardiomyocytes have decreased contractile force in bioengineered tissues compared to control cardiomyocytes. We next modified existing in silico models of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes using our transcriptomic data and modeled the effect of several anti-arrhythmogenic drugs on action potential and calcium transient waveforms. Our models predicted that Purkinje fiber cells respond more strongly to dofetilide and amiodarone, while cardiomyocytes are more sensitive to treatment with nifedipine. We validated these findings in vitro, demonstrating that our new cell-specific in vitro model can be utilized to better understand human Purkinje fiber physiology and its relevance to disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dariolli, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moyett, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shewale, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bliley, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma'ayan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rentschler, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feinberg, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sobie, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dubois, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.22.614353</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transient Notch Activation Converts Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes towards a Purkinje Fiber Fate]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.22.614362v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Heterogeneous Kinetics of Nanobubble Ultrasound Contrast Agent and Angiogenic Signaling in Head and Neck Cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.22.614362v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recently developed nanobubble ultrasound contrast agents are a promising tool for imaging and drug delivery in tumors. To better understand their unusual kinetics, we implemented a novel pixel clustering analysis, which provides unique information by accounting for spatial heterogeneity. By combining ultrasound results with proteomics of the imaged tumors, we show that this analysis is highly predictive of protein expression and that specific types of nanobubble time-intensity curve are associated with upregulation of different metabolic pathways. We applied this method to study the effects of two proteins, EphB4 and ephrinB2, which control tumor angiogenesis through bidirectional juxtacrine signaling, in mouse models of head and neck cancer. We show that ephrinB2 expression by endothelial cells and EphB4 expression by cancer cells have similar effects on tumor vasculature, despite sometimes opposite effects on tumor growth. This implicates a cancer-cell-intrinsic effect of EphB4 forward signaling and not angiogenesis in EphB4s action as a tumor suppressor.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Van Court, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ciccaglione, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neupert, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knitz, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maroney, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdelazeem, K. N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Exner, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saviola, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benninger, R. K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karam, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.22.614362</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Heterogeneous Kinetics of Nanobubble Ultrasound Contrast Agent and Angiogenic Signaling in Head and Neck Cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.25.614883v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The dimerization domain of SARS CoV 2 Nucleocapsid protein is partially disordered as a monomer and forms a high affinity dynamic complex. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.25.614883v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid (N) is a 419 amino acids protein that drives the compaction and packaging of the viral genome. This compaction is aided not only by protein-RNA interactions, but also by protein-protein interactions that contribute to increasing the valence of the nucleocapsid protein. Here, we focused on quantifying the mechanisms that control dimer formation. Single-molecule Forster Resonance Energy Transfer enabled us to investigate the conformations of the dimerization domain in the context of the full-length protein as well as the energetics associated with dimerization. Under monomeric conditions, we observed significantly expanded configurations of the dimerization domain (compared to the folded dimer structure), which are consistent with a dynamic conformational ensemble. The addition of unlabeled protein stabilizes a folded dimer configuration with a high mean transfer efficiency, in agreement with predictions based on known structures. Dimerization is characterized by a dissociation constant of [~] 12 nM at 23 OC and is driven by strong enthalpic interactions between the two protein subunits, which originate from the coupled folding and binding. Interestingly, the dimer structure retains some of the conformational heterogeneity of the monomeric units, and the addition of denaturant reveals that the dimer domain can significantly expand before being completely destabilized. Our findings suggest that the inherent flexibility of the monomer form is required to adopt the specific fold of the dimer domain, where the two subunits interlock with one another. We proposed that the retained flexibility of the dimer form may favor the capture and interactions with RNA, and that the temperature dependence of dimerization may explain some of the previous observations regarding the phase separation propensity of the N protein.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cubuk, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Incicco, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stuchell-Brereton, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soranno, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.25.614883</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The dimerization domain of SARS CoV 2 Nucleocapsid protein is partially disordered as a monomer and forms a high affinity dynamic complex.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.25.614931v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a Protein Impairs Syncytiotrophoblast Maturation, Alters ZO-1 Localization, and Shifts Autophagic Pathways in Trophoblast Cells and 3D Organoids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.25.614931v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 infection poses a significant risk to placental physiology, but its impact on placental homeostasis is not well understood. We and others have previously shown that SARS-CoV-2 can colonize maternal and fetal placental cells, yet the specific mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigate ORF3a, a key accessory protein of SARS-CoV-2 that exhibits continuous mutations. Our findings reveal that ORF3a is present in placental tissue from pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 and disrupts autophagic flux in placental cell lines and 3D stem-cell-derived trophoblast organoids (SC-TOs), impairing syncytiotrophoblast differentiation and trophoblast invasion. This disruption leads to protein aggregation in cytotrophoblasts (CTB) and activates secretory autophagy, increasing CD63+ extracellular vesicle secretion, along with ORF3a itself. ORF3a also compromises CTB barrier integrity by disrupting tight junctions via interaction with ZO-1, mediated by its PDZ-binding motif, SVPL. Colocalization of ORF3a and ZO-1 in SARS-CoV-2-infected human placental tissue supports our in vitro findings. Deleting the PDZ binding motif in the ORF3a protein (ORF3a-noPBM mutant) restored proper ZO-1 localization at the cell junctions in an autophagy-independent manner. Lastly, we demonstrate that constitutive ORF3a expression induces SC-TOs to transition towards a secretory autophagy pathway likely via the PBM motif, as the ORF3a-NoPBM mutants showed a significant lack of CD63 expression. This study demonstrates the functional impact of ORF3a on placental autophagy and reveals a new mechanism for the activation of secretory autophagy, which may lead to increased extracellular vesicle secretion. These findings provide a foundation for exploring therapeutic approaches targeting ORF3a, specifically focusing on its PBM region to block its interactions with host cellular proteins and limiting placental impact.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kumar, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karvas, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McColl, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diveley, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jash, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Theunissen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mysorekar, I. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.25.614931</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a Protein Impairs Syncytiotrophoblast Maturation, Alters ZO-1 Localization, and Shifts Autophagic Pathways in Trophoblast Cells and 3D Organoids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.24.614798v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lipopolysaccharide Induces Trained Innate Immune Tolerance in the Heart Through Interferon Signaling in a Model of Stress-Induced Cardiomyopathy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.24.614798v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundAlthough the ability of the heart to adapt to environmental stress has been studied extensively, the molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for cardioprotection are not yet fully understood.

MethodsWe administered Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists or a diluent to wild-type mice and assessed their potential to induce cardiac protection against injury from a high intraperitoneal dose of isoproterenol (ISO) administered 7 days later. Cardioprotective effects were analyzed through serum cardiac troponin I levels, immune cell profiling via flow cytometry, echocardiography, and multiomic single-nuclei RNA and ATAC sequencing.

ResultsPretreatment with the TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS), but not TLR1/2 or TLR3 agonists, conferred cardioprotection against ISO, as demonstrated by reduced cardiac troponin I leakage, decreased inflammation, preservation of cardiac structure and function, and improved survival. Remarkably, LPS-induced tolerance was reversed by {beta}-glucan treatment. Multiomic analysis showed that LPS-tolerized hearts had greater chromatin accessibility and upregulated gene expression compared to hearts treated with LPS and {beta}-glucan (reverse-tolerized). The LPS tolerance was associated with upregulation of interferon response pathways across various cell types, including cardiac myocytes and stromal cells. Blocking both type 1 and type 2 interferon signaling eliminated LPS-induced tolerance against ISO, while pretreatment with recombinant type 1 and 2 interferons conferred cardiac protection. Multiomic sequencing further revealed enhanced cytoprotective signaling in interferon-treated hearts. Analysis of cell-cell communication networks indicated increased autocrine signaling by cardiac myocytes, as well as greater paracrine signaling between stromal cells and myeloid cells, in LPS-tolerized versus reverse-tolerized hearts.

ConclusionsLPS pretreatment confers cardiac protection against ISO-induced injury through TLR4 mediated type 1 and 2 interferon signaling, consistent with trained innate immune tolerance. The observation that LPS-induced protection in cardiac myocytes involves both cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous mechanisms underscores the complexity of innate immune tolerance in the heart, warranting further investigation into this cardioprotective phenotype.

Clinical PerspectiveO_ST_ABSWhat is new?C_ST_ABSO_LIThe Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS) confers cardiac protection against isoproterenol-mediated injury in a manner consistent with trained innate immune tolerance, which is reversed by {beta}-glucan treatment.
C_LIO_LIActivation of type 1 and 2 interferon signaling, which is downstream of Toll-like receptor 4, is necessary and sufficient for LPS-induced cardiac protection.
C_LIO_LILPS-tolerized hearts show heightened autocrine signaling by cardiac myocytes and, to a greater degree, increased cell-cell communication between cardiac myocytes and stromal and myeloid cells compared to reverse-tolerized hearts.
C_LI

What are the clinical implications?O_LITLR4 and interferon signaling play key roles in the establishment of cardiac protection and LPS-induced trained innate immune tolerance.
C_LIO_LIThe protective effects of LPS are mediated by cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous mechanisms, suggesting that a deeper understanding of the molecular and cellular signatures of innate immune tolerance is required for the development of targeted approaches to modulate trained innate immunity, and consequently cytoprotection, in the heart.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lim, K. R. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amrute, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kovacs, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diwan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mann, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.24.614798</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lipopolysaccharide Induces Trained Innate Immune Tolerance in the Heart Through Interferon Signaling in a Model of Stress-Induced Cardiomyopathy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.25.614526v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The effects of P2Y12 loss on microglial gene expression, dynamics, and injury response in the cerebellum and cerebral cortex. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.25.614526v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite the emerging consensus that microglia are critical to physiological and pathological brain function, it is unclear how microglial roles and their underlying mechanisms differ between brain regions. Microglia throughout the brain express common markers, such as the purinergic receptor P2Y12, that delineate them from peripheral macrophages. P2Y12 is a critical sensor of injury but also contributes to the sensing of neuronal activity and remodeling of synapses, with microglial loss of P2Y12 resulting in behavioral deficits. P2Y12 has largely been studied in cortical microglia, despite the fact that a growing body of evidence suggests that microglia exhibit a high degree of regional specialization. Cerebellar microglia, in particular, exhibit transcriptional, epigenetic, and functional profiles that set them apart from their better studied cortical and hippocampal counterparts. Here, we demonstrate that P2Y12 deficiency does not alter the morphology, distribution, or dynamics of microglia in the cerebellum. In fact, loss of P2Y12 does little to disturb the distinct transcriptomic profiles of cortical and cerebellar microglia. However, unlike in cortex, P2Y12 is not required for a full microglial response to focal injury, suggesting that cerebellar and cortical microglia use different cues to respond to injury. Finally, we show that P2Y12 deficiency impairs cerebellar learning in a delay eyeblink conditioning task, a common test of cerebellar plasticity and circuit function. Our findings suggest not only region-specific roles of microglial P2Y12 signaling in the focal injury response, but also indicate a conserved role for P2Y12 in microglial modulation of plasticity across regions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stoessel, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stowell, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lowery, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vu, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitelaw, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Majewska, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.25.614526</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The effects of P2Y12 loss on microglial gene expression, dynamics, and injury response in the cerebellum and cerebral cortex.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.25.614959v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inhibition of Ribosome Biogenesis in vivo Causes p53-Dependent Death and p53-Independent Dysfunction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.25.614959v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ribosomes are critical for cell function; their synthesis (known as ribosome biogenesis; "RiBi") is complex and energy-intensive. Surprisingly little is known about RiBi in differentiated cells in vivo in adult tissue. Here, we generated mice with conditional deletion of Nat10, an essential gene for RiBi and translation, to investigate effects of RiBi blockade in vivo. We focused on RiBi in a long-lived, ribosome-rich cell population, pancreatic acinar cells, during homeostasis and tumorigenesis. We observed a surprising latency of several weeks between Nat10 deletion and onset of structural and functional abnormalities and p53-dependent acinar cell death, which was associated with translocation of ribosomal proteins RPL5 and RPL11 into acinar cell nucleoplasm. Indeed, deletion of Trp53 could rescue acinar cells from apoptotic cell death; however, Nat10{Delta}/{Delta}; Trp53{Delta}/{Delta} acinar cells remained morphologically and functionally abnormal. Moreover, the deletion of Trp53 did not rescue the lethality of inducible, globally deleted Nat10 in adult mice nor did it rescue embryonic lethality of global Nat10 deletion, emphasizing p53-independent consequences of RiBi inhibition. Deletion of Nat10 in acinar cells blocked Kras-oncogene-driven pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and subsequent pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, regardless of Trp53 mutation status. Together, our results provide initial insights into how cells respond to defects in RiBi and translation in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cho, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rougeau, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>To, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gamage, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meier, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mills, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.25.614959</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inhibition of Ribosome Biogenesis in vivo Causes p53-Dependent Death and p53-Independent Dysfunction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.25.615056v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Maximizing memory capacity in heterogeneous networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.25.615056v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A central problem in neuroscience is identifying the features of neural networks that determine their memory capacity and assessing whether these features are optimized in the brain. In this study, we estimate the capacity of a general class of network models. Our derivation extends previous theoretical results, which assumed homogeneous connections and coding levels (i.e., activation rates of the neurons in memory patterns), to models with arbitrary architectures (varying constraints on the arrangement of connections between cells) and heterogeneous coding levels. Using our analytical results, we estimate the memory capacity of two types of brain-inspired networks: a general class of heterogeneous networks and a two-layer model simulating the CA3-Dentate Gyrus circuit in the hippocampus, known to be crucial for memory encoding. In the first case, we demonstrate that to maximize memory capacity, the number of inward connections and the coding levels of neurons must be correlated, presenting a normative prediction that is amenable to experimental testing. In the second case, we show that memory capacity is maximized when the connectivity and coding levels are consistent with the formation of memory "indices" in the Dentate Gyrus, which bind features in the CA3 layer. This suggests specific neural substrates for the hippocampal index theory of memory encoding and retrieval.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tavoni, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.25.615056</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Maximizing memory capacity in heterogeneous networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.27.615294v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Charting Cortical-Layer Specific Area Boundaries Using Gibbs Ringing Attenuated T1w/T2w-FLAIR Myelin MRI 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.27.615294v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cortical areas have traditionally been defined by their distinctive layer cyto- and/or myelo- architecture using postmortem histology. Recent studies have delineated many areas by measuring overall cortical myelin content and its spatial gradients using the T1w/T2w ratio MRI in living primates, including humans. While T1w/T2w studies of areal transitions might benefit from using the layer profile of this myelin-related contrast, a significant confound is Gibbs ringing artefact, which produces signal fluctuations resembling cortical layers. Here, we address these issues with a novel approach using cortical layer thickness-adjusted T1w/T2w-FLAIR imaging, which effectively cancels out Gibbs ringing artefacts while enhancing intra-cortical myelin contrast. Whole-brain MRI measures were mapped onto twelve equivolumetric layers, and layer-specific sharp myeloarchitectonic transitions were identified using spatial gradients resulting in a putative 182 area/subarea partition of the macaque cerebral cortex. The myelin maps exhibit notably high homology with those in humans, suggesting cortical myelin shares a similar developmental program across species. Comparison with histological Gallyas myelin stains explains over 80% of the variance in the laminar T1w/T2w-FLAIR profiles, substantiating the validity of the method. Altogether, our approach provides a novel, noninvasive means for precision mapping layer myeloarchitecture in the primate cerebral cortex, advancing the pioneering work of classical neuroanatomists.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Autio, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uematsu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ikeda, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ose, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magrou, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kimura, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ohno, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murata, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coalson, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glasser, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Essen, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayashi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.27.615294</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Charting Cortical-Layer Specific Area Boundaries Using Gibbs Ringing Attenuated T1w/T2w-FLAIR Myelin MRI]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.27.615487v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lysophospholipid headgroup size, and acyl chain length and saturation differentially affect vacuole acidification, Ca2+ transport, and fusion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.27.615487v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SNARE-mediated membrane fusion is regulated by the lipid composition of the engaged bilayers. Lipids impact fusion through direct protein-lipid interactions or through modulating the physical properties of membranes to affect protein function. Lysophospholipids (LPLs) can affect membrane curvature, fluidity and energy of deformation. Their effects are due to their head group, and the length and saturation of their single acyl chains. Here we examined how the properties of LPLs affect yeast vacuole fusion and ion transport. We found that lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) with acyl chains containing 14-18 carbons inhibited fusion with IC50 values of {cong} 40-120 {micro}M. While acyl chain length moderately affected fusion, the head group played a major role. Unlike LPCs, Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA 18:1) failed to fully inhibit fusion, while lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE 18:1) had no effect. Separately we found that changes in acyl chain length and saturation differentially affected Ca2+ transport and vacuole acidification. Together these data show that the effects of LPLs on membrane fusion and ion transport were due to a combination of head group type and acyl chain length.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calderin, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balutowski, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knapp, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fratti, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.27.615487</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lysophospholipid headgroup size, and acyl chain length and saturation differentially affect vacuole acidification, Ca2+ transport, and fusion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.27.615545v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Non-invasive brain stimulation over the Frontopolar Cortex promotes willingness to exert cognitive effort in a foraging-like sequential choice task 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.27.615545v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Individuals avoid spending cognitive effort unless expected rewards offset the perceived costs. Recent work employing tasks that provide explicit information about demands and incentives, suggests causal involvement of the Frontopolar Cortex (FPC) in effort-based decision-making. Using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), we examined whether the FPCs role in motivating effort generalizes to sequential choice problems in which task demand and reward rates vary indirectly and as a function of experience. In a double-blind, within- subject design, 46 participants received anodal (i.e., excitatory) or sham stimulation over the right FPC during an Effort Foraging Task, which required choosing between harvesting patches for successively decreasing resources or traveling to replenished patches by performing a cognitive task with environment-specific difficulty. As expected, participants exited patches later (i.e., displayed lower exit thresholds) when travelling required greater (versus less) effort, indicating increased travel costs in high-effort environments. Under anodal tDCS, the difference in exit thresholds between environments was significantly smaller relative to sham. Finally, individual differences analyses hint that participants with lower self-reported motivation to exert effort exhibited greater travel cost reductions following tDCS. Together, these findings support the theorized causal role of the FPC in motivating cognitively effortful behavior, expand its role to more ecologically valid serial decisions and highlight the potential for tDCS as a tool to increase motivation with potential clinical applications.

Significance statementUncovering the neural mechanisms regulating engagement in effortful behavior is crucial, as it will improve our understanding and treatment of conditions characterized by reduced motivation, e.g., apathy and anhedonia. The Frontopolar Cortex (FPC) has been implicated in increasing effort exertion in settings that provide explicit information about effort demand and reward. Using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), we investigated whether the FPC retains its motivating capacity in sequential choice problems that vary effort and reward indirectly. We demonstrate that FPC stimulation decreases cognitive effort-based travel costs in an Effort Foraging Task, indicating a causal and general involvement of the FPC in motivating effortful behavior, highlighting the potential of tDCS as a new avenue for increasing motivation with potential clinical applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bogdanov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bustamante, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devine, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheldon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Otto, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.27.615545</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Non-invasive brain stimulation over the Frontopolar Cortex promotes willingness to exert cognitive effort in a foraging-like sequential choice task]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.30.615521v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional classification of tauopathy strains reveals the role of protofilament core residues. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.30.615521v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Distinct tau amyloid assemblies underlie diverse tauopathies but defy rapid classification. Cell and animal experiments indicate tau functions as a prion, as different strains propagated in cells cause unique, transmissible neuropathology after inoculation. Strain amplification requires compatibility of the monomer and amyloid template. We used cryo-EM to study one cell-based YFP-tagged strain, resolving its amyloid nature. We then used sequential alanine (Ala) substitution (scan) within tau repeat domain (RD) to measure incorporation to pre-existing tau RD-YFP aggregates. This robustly discriminated strains, defining sequences critical for monomer incorporation. We then created 3R/4R or 4R WT RD (aa 246-408) biosensors. Ala scan of recombinant tau seeds with the Alzheimers Disease fold matched that of AD homogenate. We scanned 22 brain lysates comprising 4 tauopathies. This clustered cases by neuropathological syndrome, revealed the role of amino acids in protofilament folds, and allowed strain discrimination based on amino acid requirements for prion replication.

TeaserDiscrimination of tau strains based on the relative contribution of each amino acid to templated propagation of the amyloid.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vaquer-Alicea, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manon, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bommareddy, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kunach, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monistrol, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, H. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saez-Calveras, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batra, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joachimiak, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shahmoradian, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamond, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.30.615521</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional classification of tauopathy strains reveals the role of protofilament core residues.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.30.615915v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
S1PR1 Regulates Lymphatic Valve Development And Prevents Ileitis-Independent Tertiary Lymphoid Organ Formation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.30.615915v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lymphatic vessels function throughout the body to drain interstitial fluids. Efficient lymph flow is ensured by lymphatic valves (LVs). However, the mechanisms that regulate LV development are incompletely understood. Here, we show that the deletion of the GPCR sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1PR1) from lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) results in fewer LVs. Interestingly, LVs that remained in the terminal-ileum draining lymphatic vessels were specifically dysfunctional, and tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) formed in this location. TLOs in the terminal ileum are associated with ileitis in humans and mice. However, mice lacking S1PR1 did not develop obvious characteristics of ileitis. Sphingosine kinases 1 and 2 (SPHK1/2) are required for the synthesis of S1P, the ligand of S1PR1. Mice that lack Sphk1/2 in LECs recapitulate the LV and TLO phenotypes of mice that lack S1PR1. Mechanistically, S1PR1 regulates shear stress signaling and the expression of the valve-regulatory molecules FOXC2 and connexin-37. Importantly, Foxc2+/- mice, a model for lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome, also develop TLOs in the terminal ileum. Thus, we have discovered S1PR1 as a previously unknown regulator of LV and TLO development. We also suggest that TLOs are a sign of subclinical inflammation that can form due to lymphatic disorders in the absence of ileitis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Geng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Formigari, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaudio, I. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Datilo, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azartash-Namin, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keshari, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lupu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Randolph, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zawieja, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camerer, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srinivasan, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.30.615915</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[S1PR1 Regulates Lymphatic Valve Development And Prevents Ileitis-Independent Tertiary Lymphoid Organ Formation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.01.616074v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Function of the alternative electron transport chain in the Cryptosporidium parvum mitosome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.01.616074v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cryptosporidium parvum and C. hominis possess a remanent mitochondrion called the mitosome, which lacks DNA, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, a conventional electron transport chain, and ATP synthesis. The mitosome retains ubiquinone and iron sulfur cluster biosynthesis pathways, both of which require protein import that relies on the membrane potential. It was previously proposed that the membrane potential is generated by electrons transferred through an alternative respiratory pathway coupled to a transhydrogenase (TH) that pumps hydrogens out of the mitosome. This pathway relies on an alternative oxidase (AOX) and type II NADH dehydrogenase (NDH2), which also exists in plants, some fungi, and several protozoan parasites. To examine this model, we determined the location and function of AOX and NDH2 in C. parvum. Surprisingly, we observed that NDH2 was localized to parasite surface membranes instead of the mitosome. Furthermore, a {Delta}ndh2 knockout (KO) strain was readily obtained, indicating that this protein is not essential for parasite growth. Although, AOX exhibited a mitosome-like staining pattern, we readily obtained an {Delta}aox knockout strain, indicating that AOX is also dispensable for parasite growth. The growth of the {Delta}aox strain was inhibited by the AOX inhibitors SHAM and 8-HQ to the same extent as wild type, indicating that AOX is not the target of these inhibitors in C. parvum. Collectively, our studies indicate that NDH2 and AOX are non-essential genes in C. parvum, necessitating an alternative mechanism for maintaining the mitosome membrane potential.

ImportanceCryptosporidiosis is the leading cause of diarrhea in young children and immunocompromised individuals, particularly AIDS/HIV patients. The only FDA approved drug against cryptosporidiosis, nitazoxanide, has limited effectivity in immunocompromised patients and is not approved for usage in children under 1 year old. Genomic analysis and previous studies proposed an alternative respiration pathway involving alternative oxidase (AOX) and type II NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH2), which are thought to generate the mitosome membrane potential in C. parvum. Additionally, AOX and NDH2 were nominated as potential drug targets, based on their absence in mammalian hosts and sensitivity of parasite growth to known inhibitors of AOX. However, our study demonstrated that NDH2 is not localized in mitosome, AOX non-essential for parasite growth, and knockout lines lacking this enzyme are equally sensitive to AOX inhibitors. These findings indicate that AOX and NDH2 are not ideal candidates for future drug development against cryptosporidiosis and force a re-evaluation for models of how the mitosome generate its membrane potential.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Deng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sibley, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.01.616074</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Function of the alternative electron transport chain in the Cryptosporidium parvum mitosome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.30.615861v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Circulatory proteins shape microglia state and boost phagocytosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.30.615861v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microglia, the brains immune cells, are highly responsive to their local environment. Given that circulatory proteins can enter the brain, we asked whether microglia are responsive to such proteins. Here, we identify a stable population of microglia specialized to take up circulatory proteins in a region-specific manner under physiological conditions; human hematopoietic stem cell-derived microglia replacing endogenous microglia in chimeric mice show similar regional specialization. Plasma-positive microglia are characterized by prominent expression of genes related to innate immunity and antigen presentation and exhibit high metabolic and phagocytic activity. This activity is dependent, in part, on microglial uptake and accumulation of circulatory Apolipoprotein AI (ApoA-I). Our findings thus identify a new model of communication between brain and periphery through specialized microglia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moran-Losada, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hahn, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saksena, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tapp, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chadarevian, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shuken, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guldner, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>To, N.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasselmann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davtyan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheung, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abu-Remaileh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blurton-Jones, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wyss-Coray, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.30.615861</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Circulatory proteins shape microglia state and boost phagocytosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.30.615921v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Autophagic enhancer rescues Tau accumulation in a stem cell model of frontotemporal dementia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.30.615921v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tau degradation is disrupted in neurodegenerative tauopathies, such as frontotemporal dementia (FTD), which may contribute to Tau aggregation. The prevailing hypothesis has been that Tau degradation is stymied due to an imbalance in proteostasis that occurs with age. Here, we used Airyscan super resolution imaging to illustrate that a pathogenic FTD mutation in the MAPT gene, which encodes Tau, is sufficient to alter multiple steps of the autophagy lysosomal pathway and impair Tau degradation. We discovered lysosomes clogged with both Tau and phosphorylated Tau, stalled lysosome motility, disrupted molecular motors, enhanced autophagic flux, and slowed cargo degradation in mutant Tau neurons. Treatment of mutant Tau neurons with a small molecule autophagy enhancer drug increases autophagic flux and cargo degradation, reduces phospho-Tau levels, and reduces Tau accumulation in lysosomes without restoring defects in lysosomal motility. This study reveals novel effects of mutant Tau and provides a window through which therapeutic treatments targeting autophagy may promote Tau homeostasis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mirfakhar, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marsh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minaya, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pak, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silverman, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perlmutter, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macauley, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karch, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.30.615921</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Autophagic enhancer rescues Tau accumulation in a stem cell model of frontotemporal dementia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.30.615936v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Loss of SARM1 protects against retinal ganglion cell degeneration in Autosomal Dominant Optic Atrophy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.30.615936v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Autosomal Dominant Optic Atrophy (ADOA), the most prevalent inherited optic neuropathy, leads to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration and vision loss. ADOA is primarily caused by mutations in the OPA1 gene, which encodes a conserved GTPase important for mitochondrial inner membrane dynamics. To date, the disease mechanism remains unclear, and no therapies are available. Here, we present a novel mouse model carrying the pathogenic Opa1R290Q/+ allele that recapitulates key features of human ADOA, including mitochondrial defects, age-related RGC loss, optic nerve degeneration, and reduced RGC functions. We identify SARM1, a neurodegeneration switch, as a key driver of RGC degeneration in these mice. Sarm1 knockout nearly completely suppresses all the degeneration phenotypes. Additionally, we show that SARM1 is located within the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS). These findings indicate that SARM1 is activated downstream of mitochondrial dysfunction in ADOA, highlighting it as a promising therapeutic target.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ding, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ndiaye, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fry, M. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wienbar, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibbs, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morquette, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Do, M. T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwarz, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.30.615936</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Loss of SARM1 protects against retinal ganglion cell degeneration in Autosomal Dominant Optic Atrophy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.30.615942v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell RNA-seq Reveals Early Transcriptional Programs of the Maternal to Zygote Transition in Mice and Rats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.30.615942v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The maternal to zygote transition in mammals has been an area of intensive research over the past few decades, with an ever-changing landscape of understanding that has accompanied the rapid development of cell-profiling technology. Utilizing a full-length single cell RNA-seq protocol, we profiled mature oocytes and zygotes of mice and rats to uncover elusive transcriptomic dynamics during the maternal to zygote transition. We note the existence of early gene expression of crucial zygotic development pathways in the mouse zygote while revealing a similar chain of events occurring in the rat zygote. We further observe an increase in nascent and intergenic transcription in both species. Moreover, we find subtle but pervasive signals of differential transcript usage in genes related to epigenetic regulation occurring in both species. In terms of post-transcriptional modifications, we find distinct profiles of alternative polyadenylation between zygotes and oocytes in both species, particularly, in genes related to cell cycle processes within the zygotes of mice. Finally, although a more dynamic transcriptomic landscape exists in the mouse zygote, the rat zygote also displays similar transcriptomic features, suggesting that minor zygotic activation in rat may occur earlier than originally thought.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Su, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kouranova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shea, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.30.615942</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell RNA-seq Reveals Early Transcriptional Programs of the Maternal to Zygote Transition in Mice and Rats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.01.614851v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sex differences in the clinical manifestation of autosomal dominant frontotemporal dementia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.01.614851v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
INTRODUCTIONSex differences are apparent in neurodegenerative diseases, but have not been comprehensively characterized in frontotemporal dementia (FTD).

METHODSParticipants included 337 adults with autosomal dominant FTD enrolled in the ALLFTD Consortium. Clinical assessments and plasma were collected annually for up to six years. Linear mixed-effects models investigated how sex and disease stage associated with longitudinal trajectories of cognition, function, and neurofilament light chain (NfL).

RESULTSWhile sex differences were not apparent at asymptomatic stages, females showed more rapid declines across all outcomes in symptomatic stages compared to males. In asymptomatic participants, the association between baseline NfL and clinical trajectories was weaker in females versus males, a difference that attenuated in symptomatic participants.

DISCUSSIONIn genetic FTD, females show cognitive resilience in early disease stages followed by steeper clinical declines later in disease. Baseline NfL may be a less sensitive prognostic tool for clinical progression in females with FTD-causing mutations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Memel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Staffaroni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ilan-Gala, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia Castro, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kornak, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tartaglia, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saloner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>VandeBunte, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paolillo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cadwallader, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorno-Tempini, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mandelli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Apostolova, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graff-Radford, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Litvan, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bayram, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pressman, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miyagawa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mackenzie, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darby, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Appleby, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petrucelli, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gendron, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heuer, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forseberg, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rojas, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boeve, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brushaber, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Domoto-Reilly, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghoshal, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lapid, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pascual, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramos, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramanan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rademakers, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rascovsky, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pantelyat, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masdeu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snyder, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boxer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosen</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.01.614851</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sex differences in the clinical manifestation of autosomal dominant frontotemporal dementia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.01.615599v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A simple action reduces food intake and obesity in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.01.615599v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diets that are high in fat cause over-eating and weight gain in multiple species of animals, suggesting that high dietary fat is sufficient to cause obesity. However, high-fat diets are typically provided freely to animals in obesity experiments, so it remains unclear if high-fat diets would still cause obesity if they required more effort to obtain. We hypothesized that unrestricted and easy access is necessary for high-fat diet induced over-eating, and the corollary that requiring mice to perform small amounts of work to obtain high-fat diet would reduce high-fat diet intake and associated weight gain. To test this hypothesis, we developed a novel home-cage based feeding device that either provided high-fat diet freely, or after mice poked their noses into a port one time - a simple action that is easy for them to do. We tested the effect of this intervention for six weeks, with mice receiving all daily calories from high-fat diet, modifying only how they accessed it. Requiring mice to nose-poke to access high-fat diet reduced intake and nearly completely prevented the development of obesity. In follow up experiments, we observed a similar phenomenon in mice responding for low-fat grain-based pellets that do not induce obesity, suggesting a general mechanism whereby animals engage with and consume more food when it is freely available vs. when it requires a simple action to obtain. We conclude that unrestricted access to food promotes overeating, and that a simple action such as a nose-poke can reduce over-eating and weight gain in mice. This may have implications for why over-eating and obesity are common in modern food environments, which are often characterized by easy access to low-cost unhealthy foods.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barrett, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murrell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karolczak, E. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casey, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Czarny, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>So, W. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reichenbach, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stark, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taghipourbibalan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penna, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCullough, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westbrook, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matikainen-Ankeny, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cazares, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delevich, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fobbs, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maloney, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sutton Hickey, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCutcheon, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrews, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creed, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kravitz, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.01.615599</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A simple action reduces food intake and obesity in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.02.616147v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Baby Open Brains: An Open-Source Repository of Infant Brain Segmentations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.02.616147v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Reproducibility of neuroimaging research on infant brain development remains limited due to highly variable protocols and processing approaches. Progress towards reproducible pipelines is limited by a lack of benchmarks such as gold standard brain segmentations. Addressing this core limitation, we constructed the Baby Open Brains (BOBs) Repository, an open source resource comprising manually curated and expert-reviewed infant brain segmentations. Markers and expert reviewers manually segmented anatomical MRI data from 71 infant imaging visits across 51 participants, using both T1w and T2w images per visit. Anatomical images showed dramatic differences in myelination and intensities across the 1 to 9 month age range, emphasizing the need for densely sampled gold standard manual segmentations in these ages. The BOBs repository is publicly available through the Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain (MIDB) Open Data Initiative, which links S3 storage, Datalad for version control, and BrainBox for visualization. This repository represents an open-source paradigm, where new additions and changes can be added, enabling a community-driven resource that will improve over time and extend into new ages and protocols. These manual segmentations and the ongoing repository provide a benchmark for evaluating and improving pipelines dependent upon segmentations in the youngest populations. As such, this repository provides a vitally needed foundation for early-life large-scale studies such as HBCD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Feczko, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoyell, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexopoulos, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagonis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrett, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bower, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cavender, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chamberlain, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Day, T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goradia, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graham, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heisler-Roman, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hendrickson, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Houghton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kardan, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiffmeyer, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lundquist, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucena, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mummaneni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myricks, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narnur, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perrone, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reiners, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rueter, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saw, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Styner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sung, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiklasky, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wisnowski, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yacoub, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmermann, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smyser, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenberg, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fair, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elison, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.02.616147</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Baby Open Brains: An Open-Source Repository of Infant Brain Segmentations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.03.616429v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Novel murine model of human astrovirus infection reveals a cardiovascular tropism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.03.616429v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Astroviruses are a common cause of gastrointestinal disease in humans and have been recognized to cause fatal cases of encephalitis. A major barrier to the study of human-infecting astroviruses is the lack of an in vivo model, as previous attempts failed to identify a suitable host that supports viral replication. We describe a novel murine model of infection using astrovirus VA1/HMO-C (VA1), an astrovirus with high seroprevalence in humans that is a causative agent of encephalitis. VA1 RNA levels peak in heart tissue at day 7 post-inoculation. The cardiotropism was observed in multiple different murine genetic backgrounds evidenced by high VA1 RNA loads in heart tissue of A/J, C57BL/6, C3H/HeJ, Balb/c, and J:ARC mice. Infectious VA1 particles could be recovered from heart tissue 3 and 5 days post-inoculation. Intracellular viral capsid was present in tissue sections based on immunofluorescent staining and viral RNA was detected in cardiac myocytes, endocardium, and endothelial cells based on fluorescent in situ hybridization and confocal microscopy. Histologically, we identified inflammatory infiltrates consistent with myocarditis in some mice, with viral RNA co-localizing with the infiltrates. These foci contained CD3+ T cells and CD68+ macrophages. Viral RNA levels increased by > 10-fold in heart tissue or serum samples from Rag1 or Stat1 knockout mice, demonstrating the role of both adaptive and innate immunity in the response to VA1 infection. Based on the in vivo tropisms, we also tested cardiac-derived primary cells and determined that VA1 can replicate in human cardiac microvascular and coronary artery endothelial cells, suggesting a novel cardiovascular tropism in human cells. This novel in vivo model of a human-infecting astrovirus enables further characterization of viral pathogenesis and reveals a new cardiovascular tropism of astroviruses.

Author SummaryAstroviruses typically cause viral diarrhea in humans but can also cause serious infections of the brain. Previously, the methods available to study how these viruses lead to invasive infections were limited. Here, we describe the first system to study human-infecting astroviruses using mice. We demonstrate that mice are susceptible to astrovirus VA1, a strain that commonly infects humans and has been linked to fatal brain infections. The virus infected heart tissue and was associated with inflammation. When mice with impaired immune systems were infected with VA1, they were found to have higher amounts of virus in their hearts and blood. Linking back to human health, we also found that VA1 can infect cells derived from human blood vessels of the heart. This model will enable us to better understand how astroviruses cause disease and how the immune system responds to infection. Our findings also suggest that astroviruses could be linked to cardiovascular diseases, including in humans. In the future, we can develop interventions that will prevent and treat astrovirus infections in humans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Owen, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dudley, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feehley, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hahn, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yokoyama, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Axelrod, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janowski, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.03.616429</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Novel murine model of human astrovirus infection reveals a cardiovascular tropism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.04.614143v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantitative proteomic mass spectrometry of protein kinases to determine dynamic heterogeneity of the human kinome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.04.614143v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The kinome is a dynamic system of kinases regulating signaling networks in cells and dysfunction of protein kinases contributes to many diseases. Regulation of the protein expression of kinases alters cellular responses to environmental changes and perturbations. We configured a library of 672 proteotypic peptides to quantify >300 kinases in a single LC-MS experiment using ten micrograms protein from human tissues including biopsies. This enables absolute quantitation of kinase protein abundance at attomole-femtomole expression levels, requiring no kinase enrichment and less than ten micrograms of starting protein from flash-frozen and formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues. Breast cancer biopsies, organoids, and cell lines were analyzed using the SureQuant method, demonstrating the heterogeneity of kinase protein expression across and within breast cancer clinical subtypes. Kinome quantitation was coupled with nanoscale phosphoproteomics, providing a feasible method for novel clinical diagnosis and understanding of patient kinome responses to treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>East, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sprung, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okumu, D. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olivares-Quintero, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joisa, C. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erdmann-Gilmore, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sciaky, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malone, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhatia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCabe, I. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sutcliffe, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spears, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perou, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Earp, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carey, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spector, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spanheimer, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Townsend, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.04.614143</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantitative proteomic mass spectrometry of protein kinases to determine dynamic heterogeneity of the human kinome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.04.616681v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SATB2 and circ3915 RNA chromatin dysregulation drive KRAS-like oncogenic transformation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.04.616681v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Even though epigenetic factors contribute to oncogenesis, most human cancer models still assume that disease originates from driver DNA mutations. Thus, it is still unclear if non-genetic mechanisms are sufficient to trigger malignant transformation. Special AT-rich binding protein 2 (SATB2) is a chromatin organizer that brings distal DNA elements into close proximity, thus remodeling chromatin structures to reprogram cell-specific and/or developmentally-sensitive gene networks. Here, we discover that SATB2 generates a co-expressed circ3915 RNA that is translated into a peptide and co-locates with SATB2 in the cell nucleus. Ectopic SATB2 or circ3915 over- expression rearranges global chromatin accessibility, generates KRAS- and NFE2L2-like oncogenic gene expression patterns, and transforms lung epithelial cells independent of driver mutations. Thus, oncogenic pathways can be activated in mammalian cells without pre-disposing mutations in oncogenes or epigenetic regulators.

Graphical abstract

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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Eleazer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shoemaker, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saintilnord, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fondufe-Mittendorf, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.04.616681</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SATB2 and circ3915 RNA chromatin dysregulation drive KRAS-like oncogenic transformation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.04.615025v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Monosynaptic ventral tegmental area glutamate projections to the locus coeruleus enhance aversive processing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.04.615025v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Distinct excitatory synaptic inputs to the locus coeruleus (LC) modulate behavioral flexibility. Here we identify a novel monosynaptic glutamatergic input to the LC from the ventral tegmental area (VTA). We show robust VTA axonal projections provide direct glutamatergic transmission to LC. Despite weak synaptic summation, optogenetic activation of these axons enhances LC tonic firing and facilitates real-time and conditioned aversive behaviors. We hypothesized this projection may modulate synaptic integration with other excitatory inputs. We then used coincident VTA-LC photostimulation with local electrical stimulation and observed enhanced LC burst induction. To determine whether this integration also occurs in vivo, we took an analogous approach measuring reward-seeking behavior during unpredictable probabilistic punishment. Here, glutamatergic VTA-LC photostimulation during a concurrent noxious stimulus did not delay reward-seeking behavior, but increased probability of task failure. Together, we identified a novel VTA-LC glutamatergic projection that drives concurrent synaptic summation during salient stimuli to promote behavioral avoidance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Parker, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buckley, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patterson, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duong, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunter, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCall, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.04.615025</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Monosynaptic ventral tegmental area glutamate projections to the locus coeruleus enhance aversive processing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.04.616592v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Suppression of NRF2-dependent cancer growth by a covalent allosteric molecular glue 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.04.616592v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The NRF2 transcription factor is constitutively active in cancer where it functions to maintain oxidative homeostasis and reprogram cellular metabolism. NRF2-active tumors exhibit NRF2-dependency and resistance to chemo/radiotherapy. Here we characterize VVD-065, a first-in-class NRF2 inhibitor that acts via an unprecedented allosteric molecular glue mechanism. In the absence of stress or mutation, NRF2 is rapidly degraded by the KEAP1-CUL3 ubiquitin-ligase complex. VVD-065 specifically and covalently engages C151 on KEAP1, which in turn promotes KEAP1-CUL3 complex formation, leading to enhancement of NRF2 degradation. Previously reported C151-directed compounds decrease KEAP1-CUL3 interactions and stabilize NRF2, thus establishing KEAP1_C151 as a tunable regulator of the KEAP1-CUL3 complex and NRF2 stability. VVD-065 inhibited NRF2-dependent tumor growth and sensitized cancers to chemo/radiotherapy, supporting an open Phase I clinical trial (NCT05954312).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roy, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wyseure, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lo, I.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metzger, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eissler, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernard, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bok, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snead, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parker, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Inloes, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacinto, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuenzi, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horning, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibrahim, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grabow, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panda, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhatt, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saeidi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zolkind, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rush, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Negri, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, H. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walton, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pastuszka, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sigler, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hee, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McLaughlin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ambrus-Aikelin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pollock, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abraham, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinsella, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simon, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Major, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weinstein, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patricelli, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.04.616592</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Suppression of NRF2-dependent cancer growth by a covalent allosteric molecular glue]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.05.615717v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The brain's "dark energy" puzzle upgraded: FDG uptake, delivery and phosphorylation, and their coupling with resting-state brain activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.05.615717v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The brains resting-state energy consumption is expected to be mainly driven by spontaneous activity. In our previous work, we extracted a wide range of features from resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI), and used them to predict [18F]FDG PET SUVR as a proxy of glucose metabolism. Here, we expanded upon our previous effort by estimating [18F]FDG kinetic parameters according to Sokoloffs model, i.e., Ki (irreversible uptake rate), K1 (delivery), k3 (phosphorylation), in a large healthy control group. The parameters spatial distribution was described at a high spatial resolution. We showed that while K1 is the least redundant, there are relevant differences between Ki and k3 (occipital cortices, cerebellum and thalamus).

Using multilevel modeling, we investigated how much of the regional variability of [18F]FDG parameters could be explained by a combination of rs-fMRI variables only, or with the addition of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2), estimated from 15O PET data. We found that combining rs-fMRI and CMRO2 led to satisfactory prediction of individual Ki variance (45%). Although more difficult to describe, Ki and k3 were both most sensitive to local rs-fMRI variables, while K1 was sensitive to CMRO2. This work represents the most comprehensive assessment to date of the complex functional and metabolic underpinnings of brain glucose consumption.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Volpi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vlassenko, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goyal, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbetta, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertoldo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.05.615717</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The brain's "dark energy" puzzle upgraded: FDG uptake, delivery and phosphorylation, and their coupling with resting-state brain activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.10.617517v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cardiolipin deficiency disrupts CoQ redox state and induces steatohepatitis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.10.617517v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a progressive disorder marked by lipid accumulation, leading to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). A key feature of the transition to MASH involves oxidative stress resulting from defects in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Here, we show that pathological alterations in the lipid composition of the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) directly instigate electron transfer inefficiency to promote oxidative stress. Specifically, mitochondrial cardiolipin (CL) was downregulated with MASLD/MASH in humans and in mice. Hepatocyte-specific CL synthase knockout (CLS-LKO) led to spontaneous and robust MASH with extensive steatotic and fibrotic phenotype. Loss of CL paradoxically increased mitochondrial respiratory capacity but also reduced the formation of I+III2+IV respiratory supercomplex, promoted electron leak primarily at sites IIIQO and IIF of the electron transport chain, and disrupted the propensity of coenzyme Q (CoQ) to become reduced. Thus, low mitochondrial CL disrupts electron transport chain to promote oxidative stress and contributes to pathogenesis of MASH.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brothwell, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maschek, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poss, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterlin, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, T. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shahtout, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siripoksup, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pearce, Q. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finger, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prola, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pellizzari, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hale, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manuel, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watanabe, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miranda, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Affolter, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tippetts, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nikolova, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Decker, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patil, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Catrow, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holland, W. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nowinski, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lark, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisher-Wellman, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mimche, P. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evason, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cox, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Summers, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerhart-Hines, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Funai, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.10.617517</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cardiolipin deficiency disrupts CoQ redox state and induces steatohepatitis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.09.617269v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Danicamtiv reduces myosin's working stroke but enhances contraction by activating the thin filament 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.09.617269v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Heart failure is a leading cause of death worldwide, and even with current treatments, the 5-year transplant-free survival rate is only [~]50-70%. As such, there is a need to develop new treatments for patients that improve survival and quality of life. Recently, there have been efforts to develop small molecules for heart failure that directly target components of the sarcomere, including cardiac myosin. One such molecule, danicamtiv, recently entered phase II clinical trials; however, its mechanism of action and direct effects on myosins mechanics and kinetics are not well understood. Using optical trapping techniques, stopped flow transient kinetics, and in vitro reconstitution assays, we found that danicamtiv reduces the size of cardiac myosins working stroke, and in contrast to studies in muscle fibers, we found that it does not affect actomyosin detachment kinetics at the level of individual crossbridges. We demonstrate that danicamtiv accelerates actomyosin association kinetics, leading to increased recruitment of myosin crossbridges and subsequent thin filament activation at physiologically-relevant calcium concentrations. Finally, we computationally model how the observed changes in mechanics and kinetics at the level of single crossbridges contribute to increased cardiac contraction and improved diastolic function compared to the related myotrope, omecamtiv mecarbil. Taken together, our results have important implications for the design of new sarcomeric-targeting compounds for heart failure.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHeart failure is a leading cause of death worldwide, and there is a need to develop new treatments that improve outcomes for patients. Recently, the myosin-binding small molecule danicamtiv entered clinical trials for heart failure; however, its mechanism at the level of single myosin crossbridges is not well understood. We determined the molecular mechanism of danicamtiv and showed how drug-induced molecular changes can mechanistically increase heart contraction. Moreover, we demonstrate fundamental differences between danicamtiv and the related myosin-binding small molecule omecamtiv mecarbil that explain the improved diastolic function seen with danicamtiv. Our results have important implications for the design of new therapeutics for heart failure.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scott, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenberg, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Squarci, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenberg, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.09.617269</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Danicamtiv reduces myosin's working stroke but enhances contraction by activating the thin filament]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.10.617685v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targetable Treatment Resistance in Thyroid Cancer with Clonal Hematopoiesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.10.617685v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a clinically aggressive malignancy with a dismal prognosis. Combined BRAF/MEK inhibition offers significant therapeutic benefit in patients with BRAFV600E-mutant ATCs. However, relapses are common and overall survival remains poor. Compared with differentiated thyroid cancer, a hallmark of ATCs is significant infiltration with myeloid cells, particularly macrophages. ATCs are most common in the aging population, which also has an increased incidence of TET2-mutant clonal hematopoiesis (CH). CH-mutant macrophages have been shown to accelerate CH-associated pathophysiology including atherosclerosis. However, the clinical and mechanistic contribution of CH-mutant clones to solid tumour biology, prognosis and therapeutic response has not been elucidated. Here we show that TET2-mutant CH is enriched in the tumour microenvironment of patients with solid tumours and associated with adverse prognosis in ATC patients. We find that Tet2-mutant macrophages selectively infiltrate mouse BrafV600E-mutant ATC and that their overexpression of Tgf{beta}-family ligands mediates resistance to BRAF/MEK inhibition. Importantly, inhibition of Tgf{beta} signaling restores sensitivity to MAPK pathway inhibition, opening a path for synergistic strategies to improve outcomes of patients with ATCs and concurrent CH.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tiedje, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vela, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Untch, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boucai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stonestrom, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costa, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Exposito, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srivastava, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerpelev, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wereski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kulick, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Im, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benitez, A. R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pluvinet, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menghrajani, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnamoorthy, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Stanchina, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zehir, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satija, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knauf, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esteller, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devlin, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koche, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fagin, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levine, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.10.617685</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targetable Treatment Resistance in Thyroid Cancer with Clonal Hematopoiesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.11.617836v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Curated Cancer Cell Atlas: comprehensive characterisation of tumours at single-cell resolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.11.617836v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) has transformed the study of cancer biology. Recent years have seen a rapid expansion in the number of single-cell cancer studies, yet most of these studies profiled few tumours, such that individual datasets have limited statistical power. Combining the data and results across studies holds great promise but also involves various challenges. We recently began to address these challenges by curating a large collection of cancer scRNA-seq datasets, and leveraging it for systematic analyses of tumor heterogeneity. Here we significantly extend this repository to 124 datasets for over 40 cancer types, together comprising 2,822 samples, with improved data annotations, visualisations and exploration. Utilising this vast cohort, we systematically quantified context-dependent gene expression and proliferation patterns across cell types and cancer types. These data, annotations and analysis results are all freely available for exploration and download via the Curated Cancer Cell Atlas (3CA) website (https://www.weizmann.ac.il/sites/3CA/), a central source of data and analyses for the cancer research community that opens new avenues in cancer research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tyler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gavish, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbolin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tschernichovsky, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoefflin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mints, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puram, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tirosh, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.11.617836</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Curated Cancer Cell Atlas: comprehensive characterisation of tumours at single-cell resolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.11.617875v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Characterization of neural infection by Oropouche orthobunyavirus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.11.617875v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Oropouche fever is a re-emerging global viral threat caused by infection with Oropouche orthobunyavirus (OROV). While disease is generally self-limiting, historical and recent reports of neurologic involvement highlight the importance of understanding the neuropathogenesis of OROV. In this study, we characterize viral replication kinetics in neurons and microglia derived from immortalized, primary, and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cells, which are all permissive to infection. We demonstrate that ex vivo rat brain slice cultures can be infected by OROV and produce antiviral cytokines and chemokines, including IL-6, TNF- and IFN-{beta}, which introduces an additional model to study viral kinetics in the central nervous system. These findings provide additional insight into OROV neuropathogenesis and in vitro modeling strategies for a newly re-emerging arbovirus.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Connors, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pedlow, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frey, Z. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGaughey, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amarasinghe, G. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duprex, W. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Aiuto, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wills, Z. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartman, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.11.617875</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Characterization of neural infection by Oropouche orthobunyavirus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.08.617295v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dissecting Regulatory Non-Coding Heart Disease GWAS Loci with High-Resolution 3D Chromatin Interactions Reveals Causal Genes with Pathophysiological Relevance to Heart Failure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.08.617295v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Heart failure is caused in part by cardiac remodeling processes that include the death of cardiac myocytes and their replacement by cardiac fibroblasts. We hypothesized that these two cell types may harbor epigenetic contexts in which heart disease-associated non-coding SNPs perturb gene expression relevant to disease. Accordingly, we generated high-resolution Hi-C data layered with chromatin accessibility and transcriptomic information to annotate and link putative distal regulatory elements in heart disease-associated loci to gene promoters. Our analysis identified several target genes with established roles in cardiac fibrosis and/or heart disease (GJA1, TBC1D32, CXCL12, IL6R, and FURIN). Perturb-seq in cardiac fibroblasts to knock out putative regulatory elements confirmed regulatory relationships involving GJA1, CXCL12, and FURIN, as gene editing led to changes in transcriptomic signatures associated with fibroblasts in heart failure. Our results demonstrate how integrative multi-omic approaches can delineate pathophysiologically relevant regulatory circuits that connect protein-coding genes to non-coding genetic variants associated with disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gill, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eres, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamawaki, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pei, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amrute, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ang, Y.-s.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavine, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ason, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.-M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.08.617295</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dissecting Regulatory Non-Coding Heart Disease GWAS Loci with High-Resolution 3D Chromatin Interactions Reveals Causal Genes with Pathophysiological Relevance to Heart Failure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.09.617470v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor protects against arthritogenic alphavirus pathogenesis in a type I IFN-dependent manner 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.09.617470v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Arthritogenic alphaviruses cause disease characterized by fever, rash, and incapacitating joint pain. Alphavirus infection stimulates robust inflammatory responses in infected hosts, leading to the upregulation of several cytokines, including granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). G-CSF is secreted by endothelial cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, and monocytes and binds to colony stimulating factor 3 receptor (CSF3R, also known as G-CSFR) on the surface of myeloid cells. G-CSFR signaling initiates proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of myeloid cells, especially neutrophils. Importantly, G-CSF has been found at high levels in both the acute and chronic phases of chikungunya disease; however, the role of G-CSF in arthritogenic alphavirus disease remains unexplored. Here, we sought to test the effect of G-CSF on chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Mayaro virus (MAYV) infection using G-CSFR-deficient mice (G-CSFR-/-). We observed sustained weight loss in G-CSFR-/- mice following viand MAYV infection compared to wild-type mice. Furthermore, G-CSFR-/- mice had a significantly higher percentage of inflammatory monocytes and reduction in neutrophils throughout infection. The difference in weight loss in G-CSFR-/- mice induced by alphavirus infection was corrected by blocking type I IFN signaling. In summary, these studies show that type I IFN signaling contributes to G-CSFR mediated control of arthritogenic alphavirus disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hameed, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hossain, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daamen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lipsky, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weger-Lucarelli, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.09.617470</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor protects against arthritogenic alphavirus pathogenesis in a type I IFN-dependent manner]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.10.617255v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
mRNA-based influenza vaccine expands breadth of B cell response in humans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.10.617255v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Summary paragraphEliciting broad and durable antibody responses against rapidly evolving pathogens like influenza viruses remains a formidable challenge1,2. The germinal center (GC) reaction enables the immune system to generate broad, high-affinity, and durable antibody responses to vaccination3-5. mRNA-based severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines induce persistent GC B cell responses in humans6-9. Whether an mRNA-based influenza vaccine could induce a superior GC response in humans compared to the conventional inactivated influenza virus vaccine remains unclear. We assessed B cell responses in peripheral blood and draining lymph nodes in cohorts receiving the inactivated or mRNA-based quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccine. Participants receiving the mRNA-based vaccine produced more robust plasmablast responses and higher antibody titers to H1N1 and H3N2 influenza A viruses and comparable antibody titers against influenza B virus strains. Importantly, mRNA-based vaccination stimulated robust recall B cell responses characterized by sustained GC reactions that lasted at least 26 weeks post-vaccination in three of six participants analyzed. In addition to promoting the maturation of responding B cell clones, these sustained GC reactions resulted in enhanced engagement of low-frequency pre-existing memory B cells, expanding the landscape of vaccine-elicited B cell clones. This translated to expansion of the serological repertoire and increased breadth of serum antibody responses. These findings reveal an important role for the induction of persistent GC responses to influenza vaccination in humans to broaden the repertoire of vaccine-induced antibodies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Matz, H. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, T.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peyton, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madsen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmitz, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horvath, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixit, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keplinger, H. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strnad, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoegger, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Middleton, W. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klebert, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, N. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nachbagauer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paris, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Presti, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellebedy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.10.617255</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[mRNA-based influenza vaccine expands breadth of B cell response in humans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.10.617696v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Obesity-Associated Changes in Immune Cell Dynamics During Alphavirus Infection Revealed by Single Cell Transcriptomic Analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.10.617696v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Obesity induces diverse changes in host immunity, resulting in worse disease outcomes following infection with various pathogens, including arthritogenic alphaviruses. However, the impact of obesity on the functional landscape of immune cells during arthritogenic alphavirus infection remains unexplored. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to dissect the blood and tissue immune responses to Mayaro virus (MAYV) infection in lean and obese mice. Footpad injection of MAYV caused significant shifts in immune cell populations and induced robust expression of interferon response and proinflammatory cytokine genes and related pathways in both blood and tissue. In MAYV-infected lean mice, analysis of the local tissue response revealed a unique macrophage subset with high expression of IFN response genes that was not found in obese mice. This was associated with less severe inflammation in lean mice. These results provide evidence for a unique macrophage population that may contribute to the superior capacity of lean mice to control arthritogenic alphavirus infection.

Graphical abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=93 SRC="FIGDIR/small/617696v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (26K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@11e9cbdorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@c44512org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@192da94org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@4c5ea5_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG HighlightsO_LIObesity worsens disease outcomes following arthritogenic alphavirus infection.
C_LIO_LIArthritogenic alphavirus infection causes significant shifts in immune cell populations in the blood and footpad.
C_LIO_LIBlood monocytes from lean mice had higher expression of interferon response genes at the later stage of infection.
C_LIO_LIFootpads in lean mice have an expanded population of F4/80lo macrophages with an intense interferon response gene signature before and after alphavirus infection that is not found in obese mice.
C_LIO_LIMacrophages in obese mice express lower levels of interferon response genes, have a unique necroptosis signature, and higher F4/80 expression.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hameed, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daamen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hossain, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coutermarsh-Ott, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lipsky, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weger-Lucarelli, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.10.617696</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Obesity-Associated Changes in Immune Cell Dynamics During Alphavirus Infection Revealed by Single Cell Transcriptomic Analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.14.618224v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Diversity of ancestral brainstem noradrenergic neurons across species and multiple biological factors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.14.618224v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The brainstem cell group, locus coeruleus (LC), is present across vertebrates and influences cardiorespiratory, metabolic, immune, and cognitive functions by activating in two putatively distinct firing patterns. Yet, the degree to which the LC firing rates and patterns are homogenous across species has never been assessed due to inherently limited sample sizes. To remedy this, we pooled cross-species data from 20 laboratories to show that firing rates differ across species and are modulated by sex, age, and type of in vitro or in vivo preparation. Contrary to the prevailing dual-mode firing pattern schema, we observed patterns spread across a low-dimensional manifold, with subregions enriched for specific biological factors and neurodegenerative disease models. Our findings show considerable diversity in an ancestral vertebrate neuromodulatory system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kelberman, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodberg, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arabzadeh, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bair-Marshall, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berridge, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berrocoso, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breton-Provencher, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandler, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Che, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davy, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devilbiss, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Downs, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drummond, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dvorkin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fazlali, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Froemke, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glennon, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gold, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ito, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johansen, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaye, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, C.-c.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, R.-j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Llorca-Torralba, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCall, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McElligott, Z. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKinney, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miguelez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Min, M.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nowlan, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Omrani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pickering, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poe, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ranjbar-Slamloo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Razquin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodenkirch, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sales, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satyasambit,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.14.618224</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Diversity of ancestral brainstem noradrenergic neurons across species and multiple biological factors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.14.618338v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epigenetic and 3D genome reprogramming during the aging of human hippocampus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.14.618338v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Age-related cognitive decline is associated with altered physiology of the hippocampus. While changes in gene expression have been observed in aging brain, the regulatory mechanisms underlying these changes remain underexplored. We generated single-nucleus gene expression, chromatin accessibility, DNA methylation, and 3D genome data from 40 human hippocampal tissues spanning adult lifespan. We observed a striking loss of astrocytes, OPC, and endothelial cells during aging, including astrocytes that play a role in regulating synapses. Microglia undergo a dramatic switch from a homeostatic state to a primed inflammatory state through DNA methylome and 3D genome reprogramming. Aged cells experience erosion of their 3D genome architecture. Our study identifies age-associated changes in cell types/states and gene regulatory features that provide insight into cognitive decline during human aging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zemke, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mamde, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berchtold, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garduno, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Indralingam, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartosik, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tani, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ajith, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.14.618338</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epigenetic and 3D genome reprogramming during the aging of human hippocampus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.15.618337v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Cortical Microcircuit for Region-Specific Credit Assignment in Reinforcement Learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.15.618337v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The distributed architecture of the cortex poses a fundamental challenge for reinforcement learning: how to assign credit specifically to regions that contribute to successful behavior? Cortical neurons can be driven by both global reinforcers, like rewards, and local sensory features, making it difficult to disentangle these influences. To address this, we investigated cortical reinforcement learning by manipulating the reward-predictive sensory modality during learning tasks, while monitoring key regulators of cortical activity--local inhibitory neurons, and cholinergic inputs. We found that VIP interneurons are broadly recruited by reward-predictive cues via a modality-independent cholinergic signal. However, when task demands aligned with local computation, SST interneurons suppressed VIP recruitment through an inhibitory feedback loop. A computational model demonstrates that this cholinergic-VIP-SST interneuron circuit motif enables targeted reinforcement learning and region-specific credit assignment in the cortex. These results offer a neurobiologically-grounded framework for how the cortex uses global reinforcement signals to direct plasticity to task-relevant regions, enabling those regions to adapt and fine-tune their responses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chevy, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szadai, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hertäg, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moll, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibson, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costa, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kepecs, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.15.618337</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Cortical Microcircuit for Region-Specific Credit Assignment in Reinforcement Learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.15.618383v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial proteomics of Onchocerca volvulus with pleomorphic neoplasms shows local and systemic dysregulation of protein expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.15.618383v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Onchocerca volvulus is the agent of onchocerciasis (river blindness) and targeted by WHO for elimination though mass drug administration with ivermectin. A small percentage of adult worms develop pleomorphic neoplasms (PN) that are positively associated with the frequency of ivermectin treatment. Worms with PN have a lower life expectancy and a better understanding about the proteins expressed in PN, and how PN affect protein expression in different tissues could help to elucidate the mechanisms of macrofilaricidal activity of ivermectin. Within a clinical trial of drug combinations that included ivermectin, we detected 24 (5.6%) O. volvulus females with PN by histology of paraffin embedded nodules. To assess the protein inventory of the neoplasms and to identify proteins that may be associated with tumor development, we used laser capture microdissection and highly sensitive mass spectrometry analysis. Neoplasm tissue from three female worms was analyzed, and compared to normal tissues from the body wall, uterus and intestine from the same worms, and to tissues from three females without PN. The healthy females showed all intact embryogenesis. In PN worms, 151 proteins were detected in the body wall, 215 proteins in the intestine, 47 proteins in the uterus and 1,577 proteins in the neoplasms. Only the uterus of one PN female with some stretched intrauterine microfilariae had an elevated number of proteins (601) detectable, while in the uteri of the healthy females 1,710 proteins were detected. Even in tissues that were not directly affected by PN (intestine, body wall), fewer proteins were detected compared to the corresponding tissue of the healthy controls. Immunolocalization of the calcium binding protein OvDig-1 (OVOC8391) confirmed the detection in PN by mass spectrometry. In conclusion we identified proteins that are potentially linked to the development of PN, and systemic dysregulation of protein expression may contribute to worm mortality.

Author summaryOnchocerca volvulus, the causative agent of onchocerciasis (river blindness), is targeted for elimination by WHO. The primary strategy involves mass administration of ivermectin. A small proportion of adult female worms develop pleomorphic neoplasms (PN). Here, we used laser capture microdissection and highly sensitive mass spectrometry analysis to determine the protein inventory of PN to identify proteins that may be associated with tumor development. Neoplasm tissue from female worms was analyzed, and compared to normal tissue from the body wall, uterus and intestine from the same worms, and to tissues from females without PN. When compared, PN and healthy control (HC) worms display a different set of proteins, the PN tissue being the one with the highest number of proteins (1,390). From these, 594 were not present in any HC worm tissue. Despite the large number of proteins identified in PN tissue, their low abundance suggests also in PN dysregulation of protein expression. Immunolocalization of a calcium binding protein detected in PN confirmed the mass spectrometry results. In conclusion, we have developed a system to analyze the proteome of O. volvulus from nodule sections and identified proteins that are potentially linked to the development of PN and may contribute to worm mortality.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Di Maggio, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosa, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yates, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, B.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lukowski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zamacona Calderon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Son, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goo, Y. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Opoku, N. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weil, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitreva, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer, P. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.15.618383</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial proteomics of Onchocerca volvulus with pleomorphic neoplasms shows local and systemic dysregulation of protein expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.16.618766v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human TRPV4 engineering yields an ultrasound-sensitive actuator for sonogenetics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.16.618766v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractSonogenetics offers non-invasive and cell-type specific modulation of cells genetically engineered to express ultrasound-sensitive actuators. Finding an ion channel to serve as sonogenetic actuator it critical for advancing this promising technique. Here, we show that ultrasound can activate human TRP channel hTRPV4. By screening different hTRPV4 variants, we identify a mutation F617L that increases mechano-sensitivity of this channel to ultrasound, while reduces its sensitivity to hypo-osmolarity, elevated temperature, and agonist. This altered sensitivity profile correlates with structural differences in hTRPV4-F617L compared to wild-type channels revealed by our cryo-electron microscopy analysis. We also show that hTRPV4-F617L can serve as a sonogenetic actuator for neuromodulation in freely moving mice. Our findings demonstrate the use of structure-guided mutagenesis to engineer ion channels with tailored properties of ideal sonogenetic actuators.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Talyzina, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sobolevsky, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.16.618766</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human TRPV4 engineering yields an ultrasound-sensitive actuator for sonogenetics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.17.618760v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
B cell expression of the enzyme PexRAP, an intermediary in ether lipid biosynthesis, promotes antibody responses and germinal center size 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.17.618760v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The qualities of antibody (Ab) responses provided by B lymphocytes and their plasma cell (PC) descendants are crucial facets of responses to vaccines and microbes. Metabolic processes and products regulate aspects of B cell proliferation and differentiation into germinal center (GC) and PC states as well as Ab diversification. However, there is little information about lymphoid cell-intrinsic functions of enzymes that mediate ether lipid biosynthesis, including a major class of membrane phospholipids. Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) results had indicated that concentrations of a number of these phospholipids were substantially enhanced in GC compared to the background average in spleens. However, it was not clear if biosynthesis in B cells was a basis for this finding, or whether such cell-intrinsic biosynthesis contributes to B cell physiology or Ab responses. Ether lipid biosynthesis can involve the enzyme PexRAP, the product of the Dhrs7b gene. Using combinations of IMS and immunization experiments in mouse models with inducible Dhrs7b loss-of-function, we now show that B lineage-intrinsic expression of PexRAP promotes the magnitude and affinity maturation of a serological response. Moreover, the data revealed a Dhrs7b-dependent increase in ether phospholipids in primary follicles with a more prominent increase in GC. Mechanistically, PexRAP impacted B cell proliferation via enhanced survival associated with controlling levels of ROS and membrane peroxidation. These findings reveal a vital role of this peroxisomal enzyme in B cell homeostasis and the physiology of humoral immunity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cho, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chetyrkin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calcutt, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caprioli, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Semekovich, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boothby, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.17.618760</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[B cell expression of the enzyme PexRAP, an intermediary in ether lipid biosynthesis, promotes antibody responses and germinal center size]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.17.618867v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phosphorylation Toggles the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Between Two Membrane-Associated Condensate States 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.17.618867v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Nucleocapsid protein (N) of SARS-CoV-2 plays a critical role in the viral lifecycle by regulating RNA replication and packaging the viral genome. N and RNA phase separate to form condensates that may be important for these functions. Both functions occur at membrane surfaces, but how N toggles between these two membrane-associated functional states is unclear. Here, we reveal that phosphorylation switches how N condensates interact with membranes, partly by modulating condensate material properties. Phosphorylated N forms liquid condensates that wet membranes, reminiscent of Ns role in RNA replication. In contrast, unmodified N forms viscoelastic condensates that can be engulfed by membranes, evoking viral genome packaging. These results suggest that phosphorylation serves as a regulatory switch within the viral replication cycle by modulating Ns association with membranes. We gained mechanistic insight through structural analysis and molecular simulations, which suggest phosphorylation induces a conformational change that softens condensate material properties. Our studies also show that phosphorylation alters Ns interaction with viral membrane proteins. Together, our findings uncover a novel aspect of SARS-CoV-2 biology by identifying membrane association as a key feature of N condensates and providing mechanistic insights into the regulatory role of phosphorylation. Understanding this mechanism suggests potential therapeutic targets for COVID infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Favetta, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cubuk, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barai, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gormley, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murthy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soranno, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuster, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.17.618867</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phosphorylation Toggles the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Between Two Membrane-Associated Condensate States]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.17.618972v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Prey attraction in a generalist microbial predator, Dictyostelium discoideum 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.17.618972v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How do generalists adjust to variation in prey abundance and profitability and seek out their preferred prey? We investigated this question in the soil protist Dictyostelium discoideum, a generalist predator of many species of bacteria. Despite their generalist diet, amoebas proliferate more quickly on some bacteria than on others. We tested amoeba chemoattraction towards 23 bacterial species and found that they are generally more attracted to the more profitable prey bacteria. Naive amoebas were also preferentially more attracted to an edible mutant rather than the inedible wild type of a soil Pseudomonas isolate. These results suggest that D. discoideum amoebas have an innate prey preference that is adaptive. We also tested how experience with different prey bacteria affects chemoattraction in amoebas. Given the huge number of bacterial species in soil, learning from experience should be advantageous. However, we found no evidence that experience with prey bacteria affects preference. Our results suggest that generalist amoebas are innately attracted to the more profitable prey bacteria and this innate attraction cannot be overridden by recent experience.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shreenidhi, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCabe, R. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Queller, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strassmann, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.17.618972</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Prey attraction in a generalist microbial predator, Dictyostelium discoideum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.20.619055v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Shc1 cooperates with Frs2 and Shp2 to recruit Grb2 in FGF-induced lens development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.20.619055v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling elicits multiple downstream pathways, most notably the Ras/MAPK cascade facilitated by the adaptor protein Grb2. However, the mechanism by which Grb2 is recruited to the FGF signaling complex remains unresolved. Here we showed that genetic ablation of FGF signaling prevented lens induction by disrupting transcriptional regulation and actin cytoskeletal arrangements, which could be reproduced by deleting the juxtamembrane region of the FGF receptor and rescued by Kras activation. Conversely, mutations affecting the Frs2-binding site on the FGF receptor or the deletion of Frs2 and Shp2 primarily impact later stages of lens vesicle development involving lens fiber cell differentiation. Our study further revealed that the loss of Grb2 abolished MAPK signaling, resulting in a profound arrest of lens development. However, removing Grb2s putative Shp2 dephosphorylation site (Y209) neither produced a detectable phenotype nor impaired MAPK signaling during lens development. Furthermore, the catalytically inactive Shp2 mutation (C459S) only modestly impaired FGF signaling, whereas replacing Shp2s C-terminal phosphorylation sites (Y542/Y580) previously implicated in Grb2 binding only caused placental defects, perinatal lethality, and reduced lacrimal gland branching without impacting lens development, suggesting that Shp2 only partially mediates Grb2 recruitment. In contrast, we observed that FGF signaling is required for the phosphorylation of the Grb2-binding sites on Shc1 and the deletion of Shc1 exacerbates the lens vesicle defect caused by Frs2 and Shp2 deletion. These findings establish Shc1 as a critical collaborator with Frs2 and Shp2 in targeting Grb2 during FGF signaling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chow, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peregrin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.20.619055</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Shc1 cooperates with Frs2 and Shp2 to recruit Grb2 in FGF-induced lens development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.21.619433v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A rapid, facile, and economical method for the isolation of ribosomes and translational machinery for structural and functional studies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.21.619433v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Short abstractRibosomes are essential RNA-protein complexes involved in protein synthesis and quality control. Traditional methods for ribosome isolation are labor intensive, expensive, and require substantial biological material. In contrast, our new method, RAPPL (RNA Affinity Purification using Poly-Lysine), offers a rapid, simple, and cost-effective alternative. This method enriches ribosomes and associated factors from various species and sample types, including cell lysates, whole cells, organs, and whole organisms, and is compatible with traditional isolation techniques. Here, we use RAPPL to facilitate the rapid isolation, functional screening, and structural analysis of ribosomes with associated factors. We demonstrate ribosome-associated resistance mechanisms from patient uropathogenic Escherichia coli samples and generate a 2.7[A] cryoEM structure of ribosomes from Cryptococcus neoformans. By significantly reducing the amount of the starting biological material and the time required for isolation, the RAPPL approach improves the study of ribosomal function, interactions, and antibiotic resistance, providing a versatile platform for academic, clinical, and industrial research on ribosomes.

Long abstractRibosomes are macromolecular RNA-protein complexes that constitute the central machinery responsible for protein synthesis and quality control in the cell. Ribosomes also serve as a hub for multiple non-ribosomal proteins and RNAs that control protein synthesis. However, the purification of ribosomes and associated factors for functional and structural studies requires a large amount of starting biological material and a tedious workflow. Current methods are challenging as they combine ultracentrifugation, the use of sucrose cushions or gradients, expensive equipment, and multiple hours to days of work. Here, we present a rapid, facile, and cost-effective method to isolate ribosomes from in vivo or in vitro samples for functional and structural studies using single-step enrichment on magnetic beads - RAPPL (RNA Affinity Purification using Poly-Lysine). Using mass spectrometry and western blot analyses, we show that poly-lysine coated beads incubated with E. coli and HEK-293 cell lysates enrich specifically for ribosomes and ribosome-associated factors. We demonstrate the ability of RAPPL to isolate ribosomes and translation-associated factors from limited material quantities, as well as a wide variety of biological samples: cell lysates, cells, organs, and whole organisms. Using RAPPL, we characterized and visualized the different effects of various drugs and translation inhibitors on protein synthesis. Our method is compatible with traditional ribosome isolation. It can be used to purify specific complexes from fractions of sucrose gradients or in tandem affinity purifications for ribosome-associated factors. Ribosomes isolated using RAPPL are functionally active and can be used for rapid screening and in vitro characterization of ribosome antibiotic resistance. Lastly, we demonstrate the structural applications of RAPPL by purifying and solving the 2.7[A] cryo-EM structure of ribosomes from the Cryptococcus neoformans, an encapsulated yeast causing cryptococcosis. Ribosomes and translational machinery purified with this method are suitable for subsequent functional or structural analyses and provide a solid foundation for researchers to carry out further applications - academic, clinical, or industrial - on ribosomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Erath, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kemper, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mugo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacoby, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valenzuela, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jungers, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beatty, W. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hashem, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jovanovic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Djuranovic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Djuranovic, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.21.619433</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A rapid, facile, and economical method for the isolation of ribosomes and translational machinery for structural and functional studies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.25.620155v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reduction in ETFDH expression optimizes cancer cell bioenergetics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.25.620155v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitochondrial electron transport flavoprotein (ETF) insufficiency causes metabolic diseases known as a multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD). In contrast to muscle, ETFDH is a non-essential gene in acute lymphoblastic leukemia NALM-6 cells, and its expression is reduced across human cancers. ETF insufficiency caused by decreased ETFDH expression limits flexibility of OXPHOS fuel utilization but paradoxically increases cancer cell bioenergetics and accelerates neoplastic growth by activation of the mTORC1/BCL-6/4E-BP1 axis. Collectively, these findings reveal that while ETF insufficiency is rare and has detrimental effects in non-malignant tissues, it is common in neoplasia, where ETFDH downregulation leads to bioenergetic and signaling reprogramming that accelerate neoplastic growth.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Papadopoli, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palia, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jovanovic, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tabaries, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ciccolini, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sabourin, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Igelmann, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McLaughlan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chekkal, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szkop, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertomeu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vassalakis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Afzali, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mzoughi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guccione, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tyers, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avizonis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larsson, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Postovit, L.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Djuranovic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ursini-Siegel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siegel, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pollak, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Topisirovic, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.25.620155</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reduction in ETFDH expression optimizes cancer cell bioenergetics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.24.619064v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Abl kinases regulate FGF signaling independent of Crk phosphorylation to prevent Peters anomaly 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.24.619064v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Peters anomaly, the most common cause of congenital corneal opacity, stems from corneal-lenticular adhesion. Despite numerous identified mutations, a cohesive molecular framework of the diseases etiology remains elusive. Here, we identified Abl kinases as pivotal regulators of FGF signaling, as genetic ablation of Abl kinases restores lens induction even in the absence of FGF signaling. Intriguingly, both Abl kinase deficiency and increased FGF-Ras activity result in Peters anomaly independent of ERK signaling, which can be rescued by allelic deletion of Abl substrate, Crk. However, contrary to the prevailing belief that Abl kinases regulate Crk proteins by direct phosphorylation, mutations at Abl kinase phosphorylation sites on Crk and CrkL did not yield any observable effects. Instead, our findings reveal that Abl kinases phosphorylate Ptpn12, which in turn inhibits p130Cas phosphorylation and Crk recruitment, crucial for Rho GTPases activation and cytoskeletal dynamics. Consequently, Abl kinase deficiency reduces actomyosin contractility within the lens vesicle and genetically interacts with RhoA inhibition. Conversely, Rac1 deletion mitigates Peters anomaly in models with aberrant FGF, Abl kinase and RhoA signaling. Our results demonstrate that Abl kinases regulate FGF signaling to balance RhoA and Rac1 activity via the Ptpn12-p130Cas pathway, suggesting that targeting tension-mediated lens vesicle separation could be a therapeutic strategy for Peters anomaly.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouaziz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makrides, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koleske, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radice, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.24.619064</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Abl kinases regulate FGF signaling independent of Crk phosphorylation to prevent Peters anomaly]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.25.620297v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
APOBEC3A drives metastasis of ovarian cancer by altering epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.25.620297v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most prevalent and aggressive histological subtype of ovarian cancer, and often presents with metastatic disease. The drivers of metastasis in HGSOC remain enigmatic. APOBEC3A (A3A), an enzyme that generates mutations across various cancers, has been proposed as a mediator of tumor heterogeneity and disease progression. However, the role of A3A in HGSOC has not been explored. Through analysis of genome sequencing from primary HGSOC, we observed an association between high levels of APOBEC3 mutagenesis and poor overall survival. We experimentally addressed this correlation by modeling A3A activity in HGSOC cell lines and mouse models which resulted in increased metastatic behavior of HGSOC cells in culture and distant metastatic spread in vivo. A3A activity in both primary and cultured HGSOC cells yielded consistent alterations in expression of epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) genes resulting in hybrid EMT and mesenchymal signatures, and providing a mechanism for their increased metastatic potential. Our findings define the prevalence of A3A mutagenesis in HGSOC and implicate A3A as a driver of HGSOC metastasis via EMT, underscoring its clinical relevance as a potential prognostic biomarker. Our study lays the groundwork for the development of targeted therapies aimed at mitigating the deleterious impact of A3A-driven EMT in HGSOC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Devenport, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fingerman, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeWeerd, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elkhidir, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LaVigne, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuh, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bednarski, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drapkin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mullen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.25.620297</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[APOBEC3A drives metastasis of ovarian cancer by altering epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.27.620507v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Label-Free Optical Biopsy Reveals Biomolecular and Morphological Features of Diabetic Kidney Tissue in 2D and 3D 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.27.620507v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Kidney disease, the ninth leading cause of death in the United States, has one of the poorest diagnostic efficiencies of only 10%1. Conventional diagnostic methods often rely on light microscopy analysis of 2D fixed tissue sections with limited molecular insight compared to omics studies. Targeting multiple features in a biopsy using molecular or chemical reagents can enhance molecular phenotyping but are limited by overlap of their spatial and chromatic properties, variations in quality of the products, limited multimodal nature and need additional tissue processing. To overcome these limitations and increase the breadth of molecular information available from tissue without an impact on routine diagnostic workup, we implemented label-free imaging modalities including stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy, second harmonic generation (SHG), and two photon fluorescence (TPF) into a single microscopy setup. We visualized and identified morphological, structural, lipidomic, and metabolic biomarkers of control and diabetic human kidney biopsy samples in 2D and 3D at a subcellular resolution. The label-free biomarkers, including collagen fiber morphology, mesangial-glomerular fractional volume, lipid saturation, redox status, and relative lipid and protein concentrations in the form of Stimulated Raman Histology (SRH), illustrate distinct features in kidney disease tissues not previously appreciated. The same tissue section can be used for routine diagnostic work up thus enhancing the power of cliniopathological insights obtainable without compromising already limited tissue. The additional multimodal biomarkers and metrics are broadly applicable and deepen our understanding of the progression of kidney diseases by integrating lipidomic, fibrotic, and metabolic data.



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=125 SRC="FIGDIR/small/620507v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (76K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@116edb1org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@4f010corg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@cde718org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1ff0841_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG O_FLOATNOGraphical AbstractC_FLOATNO Label-free indicators of diabetic nephropathies.

C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fung, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boote, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markov, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.27.620507</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Label-Free Optical Biopsy Reveals Biomolecular and Morphological Features of Diabetic Kidney Tissue in 2D and 3D]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.27.620508v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DDO-adjuvanted influenza A virus nucleoprotein mRNA vaccine induces robust humoral and cellular type 1 immune responses and protects mice from challenge 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.27.620508v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A challenge in viral vaccine development is to produce vaccines that generate both neutralizing antibodies to prevent infection and cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells that target conserved viral proteins and can eliminate infected cells to control virus spread. mRNA vaccines offer an opportunity to design vaccines based on conserved CD8-targeting epitopes, but achieving robust antigen-specific CD8+ T-cells remains a challenge. Here we tested the viral-derived oligonucleotide DDO268 as an adjuvant in the context of a model influenza A virus (IAV) nucleoprotein (NP) mRNA vaccine in C57BL/6 mice. DDO268 safely induced local type I interferon (IFN) production, stimulated dendritic cells type 1 (DC1) activation and migration to the draining lymph nodes, and improved the generation of IgG2c antibodies and antigen-specific effector Th1 CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells (IFN{gamma}+TNF+IL2+) when co-packaged with NP mRNA. The DDO268 adjuvanted vaccine provided enhanced protection against lethal IAV challenge and reduced the antigen dose required to achieve this protection. These results highlight the potential of DDO268 as an effective mRNA vaccine adjuvant and show that an IAV NP mRNA/DDO268 vaccine is a promising approach for generating protective immunity against conserved IAV epitopes.

IMPORTANCEVaccines that generate neutralizing antibodies and cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells targeting conserved epitopes are ideal for effective protection against viruses. mRNA vaccines combined with the right adjuvant offer a promising solution to this challenge. We show that the virus-derived oligonucleotide DDO268 enhances antibody and T cell responses to an influenza A virus (IAV) nucleoprotein (NP) mRNA vaccine in mice. DDO268 safely induces local type I interferon production and stimulates dendritic cell activation providing enhanced protection against IAV challenge. In addition, the adjuvant activity of DDO268 allows for the use of lower antigen doses during vaccination.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gnazzo, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saleh, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castro, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinto, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brien, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.27.620508</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DDO-adjuvanted influenza A virus nucleoprotein mRNA vaccine induces robust humoral and cellular type 1 immune responses and protects mice from challenge]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.28.620727v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromosomal and gonadal sex have differing effects on social motivation in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.28.620727v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plain English SummaryAs our brain develops, many factors influence how we behave later in life. The brain forms differently in males and females, potentially leading to sex variation seen in many behaviors including sociability. In addition, conditions defined by differences in social behaviors, such as autism, are diagnosed more in males than females. However, researchers dont know exactly how distinct sex factors, such as hormones and sex chromosome genes, lead to different behaviors in males and females. In this study, we used mouse models and tests of mouse behavior to explore these differences. Results show that sex hormones primarily contributed to differences in social motivation between sexes. Yet when we repeated these same assays in a mouse model of genetic liability for a human neurodevelopmental syndrome, we found that sex chromosome genes rather than sex hormones played a larger role in the behavioral consequences of impaired neurodevelopment. These insights can inform future research on the biological mechanisms of social behavior in the context of genetic liability for neurodevelopmental disorders.

HighlightsO_LIFour-core genotype mouse model crossed with MYT1L heterozygous mouse revealed independent effects of chromosomal and gonadal sex on social motivation.
C_LIO_LIMyt1l haploinsufficiency was associated with increased activity in both males and females.
C_LIO_LIWhile females are more active, contributions of chromosomes and gonadal hormones to this sex effect are environment dependent.
C_LIO_LIPresence of ovaries was associated with increased measures of social seeking and orienting regardless of genotype.
C_LIO_LIChromosomal sex interacted with MYT1L genotype, with increased social orienting and seeking specifically in XX MYT1L heterozygous mice.
C_LI

BackgroundSex differences in brain development are thought to lead to sex variation in social behavior. Sex differences are fundamentally driven by both gonadal (i.e., hormonal) and chromosomal sex, yet little is known about the independent effects of each on social behavior. Further, mouse models of the genetic liability for the neurodevelopmental disorder MYT1L Syndrome have shown sex specific deficits in social motivation. In this study, we aimed to determine if hormonal or chromosomal sex primarily mediate the sex differences seen in mouse social behavior, both at baseline and in the context of Myt1l haploinsufficiency.

MethodsFour-core genotype (FCG) mice, which uncouple gonadal and chromosomal sex, were crossed with MYT1L heterozygous mice to create eight different groups with unique combinations of sex factors and MYT1L genotype. A total of 131 mice from all eight groups were assayed for activity and social behavior via the open field and social operant paradigms. Measures of social seeking and orienting were analyzed for main effects of chromosome, gonads, and their interactions with Myt1l mutation.

ResultsThe FCGxMYT1L cross revealed independent effects of both gonadal and chromosomal sex on activity and social behavior. Specifically, the presence of ovaries, and by extension the presence of ovarian hormones, increased overall activity, social seeking, and social orienting regardless of genotype. In contrast, sex chromosomes affected social behavior mainly in the MYT1L heterozygous group, with XX sex karyotype when combined with MYT1L genotype contributing to increased social orienting and seeking.

ConclusionsGonadal and chromosomal sex have independent mechanisms of driving increased social motivation in females. Additionally, sex chromosomes may interact with neurodevelopmental mutations to influence sex variation in atypical social behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chaturvedi, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarafinovska, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Selmanovic, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCullough, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swift, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maloney, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.28.620727</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromosomal and gonadal sex have differing effects on social motivation in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.31.621310v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromatin-associated lncRNA-splicing factor condensates regulate hypoxia responsive RNA processing of genes pre-positioned near nuclear speckles 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.31.621310v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hypoxia-induced alternative splicing (AS) regulates tumor progression and metastasis. Little is known about how such AS is controlled and whether higher-order genome and nuclear domain (ND) organizations dictate these processes. We observe that hypoxia-responsive alternatively spliced genes position near nuclear speckle (NS), the ND that enhances splicing efficiency. NS-resident MALAT1 long noncoding RNA, induced in response to hypoxia, regulates hypoxia-responsive AS. MALAT1 achieves this by organizing the SR-family of splicing factor, SRSF1, near NS and regulating the binding of SRSF1 to pre-mRNAs. Mechanistically, MALAT1 enhances the recruitment of SRSF1 to elongating RNA polymerase II (pol II) by promoting the formation of phase-separated condensates of SRSF1, which are preferentially recognized by pol II. During hypoxia, MALAT1 regulates spatially organized AS by establishing a threshold SRSF1 concentration near NSs, potentially by forming condensates, critical for pol II-mediated recruitment of SRSF1 to pre-mRNAs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Song, Y. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shinn, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bangru, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaturvedi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freier, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez-Pinera, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belmont, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guttman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prasantth, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalsotra, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kannanganattu, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.31.621310</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromatin-associated lncRNA-splicing factor condensates regulate hypoxia responsive RNA processing of genes pre-positioned near nuclear speckles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.30.621210v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metabolic Control of Glycosylation Forms for Establishing Glycan-Dependent Protein Interaction Networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.30.621210v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) provide essential insights into the complex molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways within cells that regulate development and disease-related phenotypes. However, for membrane proteins, the impact of various forms of glycosylation has often been overlooked in PPI studies. In this study, we introduce a novel approach, glycan-dependent affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry (GAP-MS), to assess variations in PPIs for any glycoprotein of interest under different glycosylation conditions. As a proof of principle, we selected four glycoproteins--BSG, CD44, EGFR, and SLC3A2--as baits to compare their co-purified partners across five metabolically controlled glycan conditions. The findings demonstrate the capability of GAP-MS to identify PPIs influenced by altered glycosylation states, establishing a foundation for systematically exploring the Glycan-Dependent Protein Interactome (GDPI) for other glycoproteins of interest.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lebrilla, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.30.621210</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metabolic Control of Glycosylation Forms for Establishing Glycan-Dependent Protein Interaction Networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.31.621379v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Brain functional connectivity, but not neuroanatomy, captures the interrelationship between sex and gender in preadolescents 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.31.621379v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding sex differences in the adolescent brain is crucial, as these differences are linked to neurological and psychiatric conditions that vary between males and females. Predicting sex from adolescent brain data may offer valuable insights into how these variations shape neurodevelopment. Recently, attention has shifted toward exploring socially-identified gender, distinct from sex assigned at birth, recognizing its additional explanatory power. This study evaluates whether resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) or cortical thickness more effectively predicts sex and sex/gender alignment (the congruence between sex and gender) and investigates their interrelationship in preadolescents. Using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, we employed machine learning to predict both sex (assigned at birth) and sex/gender alignment from rsFC and cortical thickness. rsFC predicted sex with significantly higher accuracy (86%) than cortical thickness (75%) and combining both did not improve the rsFC models accuracy. Brain regions most effective in predicting sex belonged to association (default mode, dorsal attention, and parietal memory) and visual (visual and medial visual) networks. The rsFC sex classifier trained on sex/gender aligned youth was significantly more effective in classifying unseen youth with sex/gender alignment than in classifying unseen youth with sex/gender unalignment. In females, the degree to which their brains rsFC matched a sex profile (female or male), was positively associated with the degree of sex/gender alignment. Lastly, neither rsFC nor cortical thickness predicted sex/gender alignment. These findings highlight rsFCs predictive power in capturing the relationship between sex and gender and the complexity of the interplay between sex, gender, and the brains functional connectivity and neuroanatomy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Metoki, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chauvin, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laumann, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kay, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krimmel, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baden, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suljic, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheidter, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monk, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whiting, F. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez-Perez, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barch, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sotiras, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dosenbach, N. U. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.31.621379</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Brain functional connectivity, but not neuroanatomy, captures the interrelationship between sex and gender in preadolescents]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.01.621453v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Novel symbionts reveal amoebae as significant hosts for environmental chlamydiae 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.01.621453v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chlamydiae represent a diverse group of obligate intracellular bacteria with elusive hosts in environmental settings. This study used one of the largest collections of wild amoebae (Dictyostelium discoideum and D. giganteum, 106 clones) collected over the past two decades to screen for novel environmental chlamydiae. We found that novel environmental chlamydiae are prevalent in two wild Dictyostelium species and assembled 42 novel chlamydiae metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). The MAGs represent three chlamydiae species previously only reported using 16S sequencing. Their genomes are divergent enough from other species to warrant placing them in two new genera (tentatively called Ca. Dictychlamydia sp. LF1, Ca. Dictychlamydia sp. LF2, and Ca. Feichlamydia sp. LF3). In addition, these chlamydiae species show strong host specificity with two Dictyostelium amoeba hosts, except one amoeba sample. Ca. Dictychlamydia sp. LF1 and Ca. Feichlamydia sp. LF3 was exclusively observed in D. discoideum, while Ca. Dictychlamydia sp. LF2 was found only in D. giganteum. Phylogenetic and comparative genomic analyses suggest that all three chlamydiae are close to arthropod-associated chlamydiae and likely have some intermediate characteristics between previously reported amoeba-associated and vertebrate-associated chlamydiae. This study significantly broadens our understanding of the chlamydial host range and underscores the role of amoebae as vital hosts for environmental chlamydiae.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolf, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haselkorn, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strassmann, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Queller, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.01.621453</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Novel symbionts reveal amoebae as significant hosts for environmental chlamydiae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.29.620856v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intestinal stem cells enhance local mucosal immunity through apoptotic body phagocytosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.29.620856v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Modulation of immune tone at mucosal surfaces is critical to maintain homeostasis while facilitating the handling of emerging threats. One dynamic component of immune modulation is the phagocytosis and clearance of apoptotic bodies known as efferocytosis that inhibits inflammation by promoting its resolution. Here, we evaluated the effects of apoptotic body phagocytosis by intestinal epithelial stem and progenitor cells (ISCs). Unexpectedly, instead of immunomodulation through efferocytosis, this process elevated local immune system activity. To achieve this result, ISCs actively engaged apoptotic bodies in a unique fashion, leading to their engulfment and ultimate delivery to lysosomes for processing. We found that ISCs were capable of actively recruiting inert material such as apoptotic bodies by using actin-based intrinsic biomechanical processes. Uptake of apoptotic bodies was facilitated by complement factor C3 produced by apoptotic bodies themselves. ISCs in turn generated signals heightening T cell activity that was driven in part by ISC-generated TNF. Taken together, uptake of apoptotic bodies by ISCs produced a local inflammatory alert to specific immune cells. This altered paradigm for the response to phagocytosed apoptotic bodies fits the needs of active mucosal surfaces and demonstrates that efferocytosis as currently defined is not a universal response of all cell types.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujji, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Espenschied, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engelhart, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karell, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Y. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silver, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivanov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yilmaz, O. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stappenbeck, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.29.620856</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intestinal stem cells enhance local mucosal immunity through apoptotic body phagocytosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.03.621724v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cilia dysfunction in the lateral ventricles after neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage does not lead to functional changes in cilia-based CSF flow networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.03.621724v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) has long been thought to lead to motile cilia dysfunction whereby intraventricular blood breakdown products damage and slough cilia from the ependymal wall. However, specifically how IVH may affect cilia development, structure, and transcriptional activation is not well-understood. Moreover, the impact of blood breakdown product-mediated cilia damage on the functional organization of cilia-based CSF flow networks is unknown. Here, we show hemoglobin exposure affects the number of ciliated ependymal cells in the lateral ventricle (LV) but does not impact in vitro beat frequency of the remaining cilia. Ultrastructurally, IVH decreases the total number of ciliary tufts without impacting axoneme structure. IVH does not result in changes in the expression of cilia-related genes and instead leads to downregulation of neurogenesis markers in parallel with innate immune upregulation. Functionally, we identify three previously uncharacterized cilia-mediated CSF flow domains in the LV lateral wall and show that IVH does not result in widespread disruption of their functional organization. These data de-emphasize cilia as a major contributor to global CSF dysfunction after IVH, and instead call attention to preserving the neurodevelopmental environment and preventing runaway innate immune system activation, as considerations to developing treatment strategies to prevent posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus and other neurodevelopmental sequelae.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramagiri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giles, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia Bonilla, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeFreitas, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siderowf, L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koneru, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halupnik, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koller, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polavarapu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esakky, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Limbrick, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bayly, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brody, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahjoub, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strahle, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.03.621724</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cilia dysfunction in the lateral ventricles after neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage does not lead to functional changes in cilia-based CSF flow networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.04.621500v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Three positively charged binding sites on the eastern equine encephalitis virus E2 glycoprotein coordinate heparan sulfate- and protein receptor-dependent infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.04.621500v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Naturally circulating strains of eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) bind heparan sulfate (HS) receptors and this interaction has been linked to its neurovirulence. Previous studies associated EEEV-HS interactions with three positively charged amino acid clusters on the E2 glycoprotein. One of these sites has recently been reported to be critical for binding EEEV to very-low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR), an EEEV receptor protein. The proteins apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2) isoforms 1 and 2, and LDLR have also been shown to function as EEEV receptors. Herein, we investigate the individual contribution of each HS interaction site to EEEV HS- and protein receptor-dependent infection in vitro and EEEV replication in animals. We show that each site contributes to both EEEV-HS and EEEV-protein receptor interactions, providing evidence that altering these interactions can affect disease in mice and eliminate mosquito infectivity. Thus, multiple HS-binding sites exist in EEEV E2, and these sites overlap functionally with protein receptor interaction sites, with each type of interaction contributing to tissue infectivity and disease phenotypes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alcorn, M. D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilliland, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lukash, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crasto, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raju, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamond, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weaver, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klimstra, W. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.04.621500</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Three positively charged binding sites on the eastern equine encephalitis virus E2 glycoprotein coordinate heparan sulfate- and protein receptor-dependent infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.05.622168v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metapredict enables accurate disorder prediction across the Tree of Life 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.05.622168v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intrinsically disordered proteins and protein regions (collectively IDRs) are critical in numerous cellular processes. To understand how IDRs facilitate function, we need tools to accurately and rapidly identify them from sequence. While many methods for disorder prediction exist, we are currently limited by throughput and accuracy for evolutionary scale analyses. To bridge this gap, we developed metapredict V3, an updated version of our disorder predictor that enables evolutionary-scale disorder prediction. Metapredict V3 enables proteome-scale prediction with state-of-the-art accuracy in seconds and was developed with a focus on usability. It is distributed as a web server, Python software package, command-line interface, and Google Colab notebook. Here, we leverage the accuracy and throughput of metapredict V3 to predict disorder for over 20,000 proteomes to evaluate the prevalence of disorder across the kingdoms of life.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lotthammer, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez-Garcia, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffith, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weijers, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emenecker, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.05.622168</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metapredict enables accurate disorder prediction across the Tree of Life]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.05.622090v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Critical Spacing in Cell-Matrix Mechanical Feedback Controls Tissue Condensation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.05.622090v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biological tissues exhibit phase transitions governed by mechanical feedback between cells and their extracellular matrix (ECM). We demonstrate through bio-chemo-mechanical modeling that this emergent behavior arises from competing physical effects: increasing matrix stiffness enhances individual cell activation while simultaneously weakening long-range mechanical communication. This competition establishes a critical cell spacing threshold (80-160 {micro}m) that precisely matches experimental observations across diverse cell types and collagen densities. Our model reveals that the critical stretch ratio at which fibrous networks transition from compliant to strain-stiffening governs this threshold through the formation of tension bands between neighboring cells. These tension bands create a mechanical percolation network that drives the collective phase transition in tissue behavior. Our model explains how fibrous architecture controls emergent mechanical properties in biological systems and offers insight into both the physics of fiber-reinforced composite materials under active stress, and into potential mechanical interventions for fibrotic disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Peng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elson, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genin, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, X.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.05.622090</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Critical Spacing in Cell-Matrix Mechanical Feedback Controls Tissue Condensation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.06.622270v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Disentangling folding from energetic traps in simulations of disordered proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.06.622270v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein conformational heterogeneity plays an essential role in a myriad of different biological processes. Extensive conformational heterogeneity is especially characteristic of intrinsically disordered proteins and protein regions (collectively IDRs), which lack a well-defined three-dimensional structure and instead rapidly exchange between a diverse ensemble of configurations. An emerging paradigm recognizes that the conformational biases encoded in IDR ensembles can play a central role in their biological function, necessitating understanding these sequence-ensemble relations. All-atom simulations have provided critical insight into our modern understanding of the solution behavior of IDRs. However, effectively exploring the accessible conformational space associated with large, heterogeneous ensembles is challenging. In particular, identifying poorly sampled or energetically trapped regions of disordered proteins in simulations often relies on qualitative assessment based on visual inspection of simulations and/or analysis data. These approaches, while convenient, run the risk of masking poorly-sampled simulations. In this work, we present an algorithm for quantifying per-residue local conformational heterogeneity in protein simulations. Our work builds on prior work and compares the similarity between backbone dihedral angle distributions generated from molecular simulations in a limiting polymer model and across independent all-atom simulations. In this regime, the polymer model serves as a statistical reference model for extensive conformational heterogeneity in a real chain. Quantitative comparisons of probability vectors generated from these simulations reveal the extent of conformational sampling in a simulation, enabling us to distinguish between situations in which protein regions are well-sampled, poorly-sampled, or folded. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, we apply our algorithm to several toy, synthetic, and biological systems. Accurately assessing local conformational sampling in simulations of IDRs will help better quantify new enhanced sampling methods, ensure force field comparisons are equivalent, and provide confidence that conclusions drawn from simulations are robust.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lotthammer, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.06.622270</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Disentangling folding from energetic traps in simulations of disordered proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.07.622281v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DeFrND: detergent-free reconstitution into native nanodiscs with designer membrane scaffold peptides 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.07.622281v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Membrane scaffold proteins-based nanodiscs (NDs) have facilitated unprecedented structural and biophysical analysis of membrane proteins in a near-native lipid environment. However, successful reconstitution of membrane proteins in NDs requires prior solubilization and purification in detergents, which may impact their physiological structure and function. Furthermore, the detergent-mediated reconstitution of NDs is unlikely to recapitulate the precise composition or asymmetry of native membranes. To circumvent this fundamental limitation of traditional ND technology, we herein describe the development of membrane-solubilizing peptides to directly extract membrane proteins from native cell membranes into nanoscale discoids. By systematically protein engineering and screening, we created a new class of chemically modified Apolipoprotein-A1 mimetic peptides to enable the formation of detergent-free NDs (DeFrNDs) with high efficiency. NDs generated with these engineered membrane scaffold peptides are suitable for obtaining high-resolution structures using single-particle cryo-EM with native lipids. To further highlight the versatility of DeFrNDs, we directly extract a sampling of membrane signaling proteins with their surrounding native membranes for biochemical and biophysical interrogations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ren, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Idikuda, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ludlam, W. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Real Hernandez, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levental, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martemyanov, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chanda, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.07.622281</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DeFrND: detergent-free reconstitution into native nanodiscs with designer membrane scaffold peptides]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.07.622473v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neuropeptides specify and reprogram division of labor in the leafcutter ant Atta cephalotes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.07.622473v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Social insects offer powerful models to investigate the mechanistic foundation of elaborate individual behaviors comprising a cooperative community. Workers of the leafcutter ant genus Atta provide an extreme example of behavioral segregation among many phenotypically distinct worker types. We utilize the complex worker system of Atta cephalotes to test the molecular underpinnings of behavioral programming and, in particular, the extent of plasticity to reprogramming. We identify specific neuropeptides as mediators of worker division of labor in A. cephalotes, finding two neuropeptides associated with characteristic behaviors of leafcutting and of brood care. Manipulation via genetic knockdown or by injection of these neuropeptides led to stark loss or gain of each behavior and to transcriptomic shifts in the predicted direction, that is, towards gene pathways expressed in the natural caste. We also compare specific A. cephalotes worker transcriptomes with those of orthologous workers of the eusocial mammal, the naked mole rat H. gaber, revealing global similarities between caste-biased expression and link to specific roles of our studied neuropeptides in ants. This work underscores the essential function of neuropeptides in establishing complex social behavior and a remarkable plasticity among individual behavioral types.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glastad, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fioriti, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gannon, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pino, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korotkov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biashad, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baeza, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lauman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Filippova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kacsoh, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonasio, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathis, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seluanov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorbunova, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berger, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.07.622473</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neuropeptides specify and reprogram division of labor in the leafcutter ant Atta cephalotes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.07.622507v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proximity proteomics provides a new resource for exploring the function of Afadin and the complexity of cell-cell adherens junctions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.07.622507v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The network of proteins at the interface between cell-cell adherens junctions and the actomyosin cytoskeleton provides robust yet dynamic connections that facilitate cell shape change and motility. While this was initially thought to be a simple linear connection via classic cadherins and their associated catenins, we now have come to appreciate that many more proteins are involved, providing robustness and mechanosensitivity. Defining the full network of proteins in this network remains a key objective in our field. Proximity proteomics provides a means to define these networks. Mammalian Afadin and its Drosophila homolog Canoe are key parts of this protein network, facilitating diverse cell shape changes during gastrulation and other events of embryonic morphogenesis. Here we report results of several proximity proteomics screens, defining proteins in the neighborhood of both the N- and C-termini of mammalian Afadin in the premier epithelial model, MDCK cells. We compare our results with previous screens done in other cell types, and with proximity proteomics efforts with other junctional proteins. These reveal the value of multiple screens in defining the full network of neighbors and offer interesting insights into the overlap in protein composition between different epithelial cell junctions.

Summary StatementAfadin BioID reveals new adherens junction proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Choi, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldfarb, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Major, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fanning, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peifer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.07.622507</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proximity proteomics provides a new resource for exploring the function of Afadin and the complexity of cell-cell adherens junctions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.08.622714v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The development of aperiodic neural activity in the human brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.08.622714v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The neurophysiological mechanisms supporting brain maturation are fundamental to attention and memory capacity across the lifespan. Human brain regions develop at different rates, with many regions developing into the third and fourth decades of life. Here, in this preregistered study (https://osf.io/gsru7), we analyzed intracranial EEG (iEEG) recordings from widespread brain regions in a large developmental cohort. Using task-based (i.e., attention to-be-remembered visual stimuli) and task-free (resting-state) data from 101 children and adults (5.93 - 54.00 years, 63 males; n electrodes = 5691), we mapped aperiodic (1/[f]-like) activity, a proxy of neural noise, with steeper slopes indexing less noise and flatter slopes indexing more noise. We reveal that aperiodic slopes flatten with age into young adulthood in both association and sensorimotor cortices, challenging models of early sensorimotor development based on brain structure. In prefrontal cortex (PFC), attentional state modulated age effects, revealing steeper task-based than task-free slopes in adults and the opposite in children, consistent with the development of cognitive control. Age-related differences in task-based slopes also explained age-related gains in memory performance, linking the development of PFC cognitive control to the development of memory. Last, with additional structural imaging measures, we reveal that age-related differences in gray matter volume are similarly associated with aperiodic slopes in association and sensorimotor cortices. Our findings establish developmental trajectories of aperiodic activity in localized brain regions and illuminate the development of PFC control during adolescence in the development of attention and memory.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cross, Z. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gray, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dede, A. J. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivera, Y. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vahidi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rau, E. M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cyr, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holubecki, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asano, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McManus, O. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sattar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saez, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Girgis, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King-Stephens, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weber, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laxer, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuele, S. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenow, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kam, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raskin, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaikhouni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunner, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roland, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braga, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ofen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.08.622714</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The development of aperiodic neural activity in the human brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.07.622524v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A global view of the RNA-binding and regulatory protein landscape in Caenorhabditis elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.07.622524v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression is essential for the correct development and functioning of an organism. This regulation is coordinated by a collection of proteins that work together to determine an RNAs post-transcriptional fate. Here, we provide a global overview of the RNA regulatory protein landscape in Caenorhabditis elegans, to provide insight into the coordination of post-transcriptional regulatory activities in the context of a multicellular organism. First, we have curated a comprehensive list of all known and putative RNA regulatory proteins encoded in the C. elegans genome, classified based on domain and functional annotations and published experimental data. Second, using protein-protein interaction data in the STRING database, we created a putative RNA regulatory protein interaction network that highlighted known RNA regulatory complexes, and leveraged this network to identify an additional 138 known and putative RNA regulators previously unannotated in C. elegans. Finally, we examined the tissue- and developmental-stage-specific expression of RNA regulators using published transcript expression data, which revealed strong expression in the gonad for a majority, as well as dozens expressed specifically in each of the major somatic C. elegans tissues. Taken together, this work will provide a valuable resource for future studies of RNA biology in C. elegans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Laver, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duncan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calarco, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.07.622524</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A global view of the RNA-binding and regulatory protein landscape in Caenorhabditis elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.07.622538v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A post-translational cysteine-to-serine conversion in human and mouse insulin generates a diabetogenic neoepitope 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.07.622538v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The evolving antigenic landscape of autoimmune diabetes reflects a dynamic failure to preserve self-tolerance. Yet, how novel neoantigens emerge in humans remains incompletely understood. Here, we designed an immunopeptidomics-based approach to probe HLA-II-bound, islet-derived neoepitopes in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). We uncovered a microenvironment-driven Cys[-&gt;]Ser transformation, conserved between mice and humans, that reshapes autoreactivity to insulin, the core {beta}-cell antigen, at the single-residue level. This transformation, which we call "C19S," arises from oxidative remodeling of insulin in stressed pancreatic islets and can also occur in inflammatory antigen-presenting cells, contributing to a feed-forward loop of neoepitope formation and presentation as diabetes progresses. Despite involving just one amino acid, C19S is specifically recognized by HLA-DQ8-restricted, register-specific CD4+ T cells that expand in individuals with T1D. These C19S-specific CD4+ T cells lack regulatory potential but acquire a poised central memory phenotype that persists at different disease stages. These findings reveal a distinct, microenvironment-driven route of neoantigen formation that fuels sustained autoreactivity in diabetes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Srivastava, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vomund, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterson, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abousaway, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kain, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stone, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clement, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joglekar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campisi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, C.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santambrogio, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teyton, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arbelaez, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lichti, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.07.622538</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A post-translational cysteine-to-serine conversion in human and mouse insulin generates a diabetogenic neoepitope]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.11.623046v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Elevated type I interferon signaling defines the proliferative advantage of ARF and p53 mutant tumor cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.11.623046v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The tumor suppressors p53 and ARF collaborate to prevent unwarranted cell proliferation and as such are two of the most frequently mutated genes in human cancer. Concomitant loss of functional p53 and ARF leads to massive gains in cell proliferation and transformation and is often observed in some of the most aggressive human cancer subtypes. These phenotypic gains are preceded by increased type I interferon (IFN) signaling that involves canonical STAT1 activation and a subsequent IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) signature. Here, we show that cells lacking p53 and ARF require active JAK1 to phosphorylate STAT1 on Y701 to maintain their high rate of proliferation. In fact, the use of selective JAK1 inhibitors ruxolitinib or baricitinib inhibited the induction of ISGs and the proliferation of p53 and ARF deleted cells. We identify a group of solid human tumors that lack functional p53 and ARF, show an expression signature of the upregulated type I IFN response genes, and are sensitive to selective JAK1 inhibitors. These data suggest that the type I IFN response acts as a positive driver of proliferation in the absence of p53 and ARF and, as such, presents itself as a potential therapeutic target in aggressive solid tumors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mabry, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuzmicki, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Brien, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maggi, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weber, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.11.623046</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Elevated type I interferon signaling defines the proliferative advantage of ARF and p53 mutant tumor cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.11.622161v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human single-neuron activity is modulated by intracranial theta burst stimulation of the basolateral amygdala 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.11.622161v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Direct electrical stimulation of the human brain has been used for numerous clinical and scientific applications. At present, however, little is known about how intracranial stimulation affects activity at the microscale. In this study, we recorded intracranial EEG data from a cohort of patients with medically refractory epilepsy as they completed a visual recognition memory task. During the memory task, brief trains of intracranial theta burst stimulation (TBS) were delivered to the basolateral amygdala (BLA). Using simultaneous microelectrode recordings, we isolated neurons in the hippocampus, amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex and tested whether stimulation enhanced or suppressed firing rates. Additionally, we characterized the properties of modulated neurons, clustered presumed excitatory and inhibitory neurons by waveform morphology, and examined the extent to which modulation affected memory task performance. We observed a subset of neurons ([~]30%) whose firing rate was modulated by TBS, exhibiting highly heterogeneous responses with respect to onset latency, duration, and direction of effect. Notably, location and baseline activity predicted which neurons were most susceptible to modulation, although the impact of this neuronal modulation on memory remains unclear. These findings advance our limited understanding of how focal electrical fields influence neuronal firing at the single-cell level.

HighlightsIndividual neurons in the human brain were responsive to theta burst stimulation
Basolateral amygdala stimulation preferentially modulated neurons in the hippocampus, orbitofrontal cortex, and amygdala
Excitatory and inhibitory neurons were modulated equally
Neurons modulated by stimulation tended to have greater baseline firing rates
Duration, onset, and valence of neuronal modulation were heterogeneous
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Campbell, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cowan, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wahlstrom, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hollearn, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahimpour, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shofty, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arain, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rolston, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamann, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eisenman, L. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swift, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunner, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manns, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Inman, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, E. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willie, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.11.622161</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human single-neuron activity is modulated by intracranial theta burst stimulation of the basolateral amygdala]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.11.623060v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
gen3DNet: An R Package for Generating 3D Network Models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.11.623060v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationNetworks are ubiquitous to organize and represent data in the real world such as the biomedical networks, social networks, etc. Due to the attractive property of networks which can explicitly capture the rich relationships among data samples, there is an increasing demand to transform linkage-free data to graph-structure data for efficient downstream analyses. Existing works typically focus on representing a single data object like gene expression profile in a homogeneous 2D network, which fail to deal with situations where two different data objects are involved to create a 3D heterogeneous network.

ResultsIn this paper, we introduce an R package, gen3DNet (a generic version of the iPhDNet), for generating 3D network models from two correlated objects with shared common factors. Specifically, gen3DNet builds the relationships between samples and shared factors using the non-negative matrix factorization, where three clustering techniques are evaluated to determine the number of functional modules. In addition, it builds the relationships between samples from the two distinct data objects based on a partial least squares regression model. Usage of the package is illustrated through a real-world application.

GitHub URL Source code is available at https://github.com/mollahlab/gen3DNet
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mollah, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morrison, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.11.623060</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[gen3DNet: An R Package for Generating 3D Network Models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.13.623008v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deciphering epigenetic influence of curcumin on histone signatures in breast cancer using 3D network 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.13.623008v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aberrant epigenetic alterations are implicated in the transformation of normal cells into cancerous ones. Unlike genetic mutations, these dysregulations can be reversible and are potential targets for anticancer drugs. Curcumin, a natural plant-derived compound, has been shown to have anticancer effects and neuroprotective properties via its influence on epigenetic regulation. However, the precise nature of these epigenetic changes and the mechanisms driving them remain largely unexplored. Moreover, there is strong evidence linking the neuroactive properties of chemotherapy drugs in the treatment of breast cancer to chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Therefore, studying epigenetic regulation of neuroactive compounds in breast cancer is significant in also understanding their mechanisms mediating neuropathy in breast cancer. This study aims to apply a 3D network model to profile the histone codes modified by curcumin as a neuroactive compound and to hypothesize the enzymatic pathways driving these modifications in breast cancer. Using multi-omic data from the NIH LINCS program, we identified two novel histone codes associated with curcumin, mediated through 23 phosphoproteins involved in cell signaling. These signatures were linked to genes expressed in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), which are characterized in this study. Together, the histone and phosphoprotein profiles represent potential biomarkers for the development of chromatin-targeted therapies in breast cancer, as well as new strategies for managing neuropathy in breast cancer patients.

GitHub URL Source code is available at https://github.com/smollahlab/ECHC
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berezin, M. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mollah, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.13.623008</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deciphering epigenetic influence of curcumin on histone signatures in breast cancer using 3D network]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.13.623051v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human heart assembloids with autologous tissue-resident macrophages recreate physiological immuno-cardiac interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.13.623051v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Interactions between the developing heart and the embryonic immune system are essential for proper cardiac development and maintaining homeostasis, with disruptions linked to various diseases. While human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived organoids are valuable models for studying human organ function, they often lack critical tissue-resident immune cells. Here, we introduce an advanced human heart assembloid model, termed hHMA (human heart-macrophage assembloid), which fully integrates autologous cardiac tissue- resident macrophages (MPs) with pre-existing human heart organoids (hHOs). Through multi-omic analyses, we confirmed that these MPs are phenotypically similar to embryonic cardiac tissue-resident MPs and remain viable in the assembloids over time. The inclusion of MPs significantly impacts hHMA development, influencing cardiac cellular composition, boosting cellular communication, remodeling the extracellular matrix, promoting ventricular morphogenesis, and enhancing sarcomeric maturation. Our findings indicate that MPs contribute to homeostasis via efferocytosis, integrate into the cardiomyocyte electrical system, and support catabolic metabolism. To demonstrate the versatility of this model, we developed a platform to study cardiac arrhythmias by chronic exposure to pro-inflammatory factors linked to arrhythmogenesis in clinical settings, successfully replicating key features of inflammasome-mediated atrial fibrillation. Overall, this work introduces a robust platform for examining the role of immune cells in cardiac development, disease mechanisms, and drug discovery, bridging the gap between in vitro models and human physiology. These findings offer insights into cardiogenesis and inflammation-driven heart disease, positioning the hHMA system as an invaluable tool for future cardiovascular research and therapeutic development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>O'Hern, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caywood, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aminova, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiselev, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Volmert, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sewavi, M.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dionise, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muniyandi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Popa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basrai, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skoric, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boulos, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nunez-Regueiro, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chalfoun, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Contag, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguirre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.13.623051</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human heart assembloids with autologous tissue-resident macrophages recreate physiological immuno-cardiac interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.13.623454v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural insights into SSNA1 self-assembly and its microtubule binding for centriole maintenance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.13.623454v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SSNA-1 is a fibrillar protein localized at the area where dynamic microtubule remodeling occurs including centrosomes. Despite the important activities of SSNA1 to microtubules such as nucleation, co-polymerization, and lattice sharing microtubule branching, the underlying molecular mechanism have remained unclear due to a lack of structural information. Here, we determined the cryo-EM structure of C. elegans SSNA-1 at 4.55 [A] resolution and evaluated its role during embryonic development in C. elegans. We found that SSNA1 forms an anti-parallel coiled-coil, and its self-assembly is facilitated by the overhangs of 16 residues at its C-terminus, which dock on the adjacent coiled-coil to form a triple-stranded helical junction. Notably, the microtubule-binding region is within the triple-stranded junction, highlighting that self-assembly of SSNA-1 facilitates effective microtubule interaction by creating hubs along a fibril. Furthermore, our genetical analysis elucidated that deletion of SSNA-1 resulted in a significant reduction in embryonic viability and the formation of multipolar spindles during cell division. Interestingly, when the ability of SSNA-1 self-assembly was impaired, embryonic viability stayed low, comparable to that of the knockout strain. Our study provides molecular insights into the self-assembly mechanisms of SSNA-1, shedding light on its role in controlling microtubule binding and cell division through the regulation of centriole stability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Agostini, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfister, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basnet, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biertumpfel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Connell, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mizuno, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.13.623454</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural insights into SSNA1 self-assembly and its microtubule binding for centriole maintenance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.13.623500v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Basal cell of origin resolves neuroendocrine-tuft lineage plasticity in cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.13.623500v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Summary paragraphNeuroendocrine and tuft cells are rare, chemosensory epithelial lineages defined by expression of ASCL1 and POU2F3 transcription factors, respectively1,2. Neuroendocrine cancers, including small cell lung cancer (SCLC), frequently display tuft-like subsets, a feature linked to poor patient outcomes3-13. The mechanisms driving neuroendocrine-tuft tumour heterogeneity, and the origins of tuft-like cancers are unknown. Using multiple genetically-engineered animal models of SCLC, we demonstrate that a basal cell of origin (but not the accepted neuroendocrine origin) generates neuroendocrine-tuft-like tumours that highly recapitulate human SCLC. Single-cell clonal analyses of basal-derived SCLC further uncovers unexpected transcriptional states and lineage trajectories underlying neuroendocrine-tuft plasticity. Uniquely in basal cells, introduction of genetic alterations enriched in human tuft-like SCLC, including high MYC, PTEN loss, and ASCL1 suppression, cooperate to promote tuft-like tumours. Transcriptomics of 944 human SCLCs reveal a basal-like subset and a tuft-ionocyte-like state that altogether demonstrate remarkable conservation between cancer states and normal basal cell injury response mechanisms14-18. Together, these data suggest that the basal cell is a plausible origin for SCLC and other neuroendocrine-tuft cancers that can explain neuroendocrine-tuft heterogeneity--offering new insights for targeting lineage plasticity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ireland, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawgood, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbier, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucas-Randolph, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tyson, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuo, L. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Witt, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Govindan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dowlati, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moser, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rudin, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elliott, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliver, T. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.13.623500</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Basal cell of origin resolves neuroendocrine-tuft lineage plasticity in cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.14.622807v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Developmental Stage and Cellular Context Determine Oncogenic and Molecular Outcomes of Ezh2Y641F Mutation in Hematopoiesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.14.622807v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mutations in the histone methyltransferase EZH2, particularly the Y641 hotspot mutation, have been implicated in hematologic malignancies, yet the effect of timing and cellular context on their oncogenic potential has remained unknown. In this study, we utilized a conditional allele with tissue-specific Cre drivers to investigate the effects of Ezh2Y641F mutations at various stages of development, with a focus on the hematopoietic system. We found that ubiquitous heterozygous Ezh2Y641F expression at birth, or conditional expression in hematopoietic or mesenchymal stem cells, led to decreased survival due to hematopoietic defects and bone marrow failure, with no evidence of malignancy. In contrast, Ezh2Y641F expression in committed B cells drives lymphoma formation, highlighting the lineage-specific oncogenic activity of the mutation. Transcriptomic analysis of B cell progenitors revealed key pathway alterations between Cre models such as altered IL2-Stat5 signaling pathway, differential expression of E2F targets, and altered GTPase pathway expression driven by upregulation of Guanylate Binding Proteins (GBPs) in Mx1-Cre Ezh2Y641F pro-B cells. We further found that the GBP locus is regulated by Ezh2-mediated H3K27me3, it is associated with poorer survival in Acute Myeloid Leukemia patients and has variable effects on apoptosis in human lymphoma and leukemia cell lines. These findings suggest that the Ezh2Y641F mutation may alter immune regulatory pathways, cell differentiation and apoptosis, with potential implications for disease progression. Our results highlight the critical role of mutation timing and cellular context in EZH2-driven hematopoietic disease, resulting in distinct downstream changes that shape the oncogenic impact of EZH2.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zimmerman, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Procasky, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torrice, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Souroullas, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.14.622807</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Developmental Stage and Cellular Context Determine Oncogenic and Molecular Outcomes of Ezh2Y641F Mutation in Hematopoiesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.14.623607v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ATR safeguards replication forks against APOBEC3B-induced toxic PARP1 trapping 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.14.623607v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ATR is the master safeguard of genomic integrity during DNA replication. Acute inhibition of ATR with ATR inhibitor (ATRi) triggers a surge in origin firing, leading to increased levels of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) that rapidly deplete all available RPA. This leaves ssDNA unprotected and susceptible to breakage, a phenomenon known as replication catastrophe. However, the mechanism by which unprotected ssDNA breaks remains unclear. Here, we reveal that APOBEC3B is the key enzyme targeting unprotected ssDNA at replication forks, triggering a reaction cascade that induces fork collapse and PARP1 hyperactivation. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that uracils generated by APOBEC3B at replication forks are removed by UNG2, creating abasic sites that are subsequently cleaved by APE1 endonuclease. Moreover, we demonstrate that APE1-mediated DNA cleavage is the critical enzymatic step for PARP1 trapping and hyperactivation in cells, regardless of how abasic sites are generated on DNA. Finally, we show that APOBEC3B-induced toxic PARP1 trapping in response to ATRi drives cell sensitivity to ATR inhibition, creating to a context of synthetic lethality when combined with PARP inhibitors. Together, these findings reveal the mechanisms that cause replication forks to break during replication catastrophe and explain why ATRi-treated cells are particularly sensitive to PARP inhibitors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ortega, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bournique, E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santiago, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buisson, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.14.623607</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ATR safeguards replication forks against APOBEC3B-induced toxic PARP1 trapping]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.18.624200v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modulation of B cell receptor activation by antibody competition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.18.624200v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During repeated virus exposure, pre-existing antibodies can mask viral epitopes by competing with B cell receptors for antigen. Although this phenomenon has the potential to steer B cell responses away from conserved epitopes, the factors that influence epitope masking by competing antibodies remain unclear. Using engineered, influenza-reactive B cells, we investigate how antibodies influence the accessibility of epitopes on the viral surface. We find that membrane-proximal epitopes on influenza hemagglutinin are fundamentally at a disadvantage for B cell recognition because they can be blocked by both directly and indirectly competing antibodies. While many influenza-specific antibodies can inhibit B cell activation, the potency of masking depends on proximity of the targeted epitopes as well as antibody affinity, kinetics, and valency. Although most antibodies are inhibitory, we identify one that can enhance accessibility of hidden viral epitopes. Together, these findings establish rules for epitope masking that could help advance immunogen design.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vahey, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.18.624200</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modulation of B cell receptor activation by antibody competition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.18.624207v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Aberrant expression of histone H2B variants reshape chromatin and alter oncogenic gene expression programs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.18.624207v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromatin architecture governs DNA accessibility and gene expression. Thus, any perturbations to chromatin can significantly alter gene expression programs and promote disease. Prior studies demonstrate that every amino acid in a histone is functionally significant, and that even a single amino acid substitution can drive specific cancers. We previously observed that naturally occurring H2B variants are dysregulated during the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in bronchial epithelial cells. Naturally occurring H2B variants differ from canonical H2B by only a few amino acids, yet single amino acid changes in other histone variants (e.g., H3.3) can drive cancer. We therefore hypothesized that H2B variants might function like oncohistones, and investigated how they modify chromatin architecture, dynamics, and function. We find that H2B variants are frequently dysregulated in many cancers, and correlate with patient prognosis. Despite high sequence similarity, mutations in each H2B variant tend to occur at specific "hotspots" in cancer. Some H2B variants cause tighter DNA wrapping around nucleosomes, leading to more compact chromatin structures and reduced transcription factor accessibility to nucleosomal DNA. They also altered genome-wide accessibility to oncogenic regulatory elements and genes, with concomitant changes in oncogenic gene expression programs. Although we did not observe changes in cell proliferation or migration in vitro, our Gene Ontology (GO) analyses of ATAC-seq peaks and RNA-seq data indicated significant changes in oncogenic pathways. These findings suggest that H2B variants may influence early-stage, cancer-associated regulatory mechanisms, potentially setting the stage for oncogenesis later on. Thus, H2B variant expression could serve as an early cancer biomarker, and H2B variants might be novel therapeutic targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Saintilnord, W. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hegazy, Y. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chestnutt, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eckstein, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cassidy, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dhahri, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melters, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopes, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandler, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poirier, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalal, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Licht, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fondufe-Mittendorf, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.18.624207</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Aberrant expression of histone H2B variants reshape chromatin and alter oncogenic gene expression programs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.19.624376v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A single high-zinc activation enhancer can control two genes oriented head-to-head in C. elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.19.624376v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Enhancers play critical roles in gene expression, but a full understanding of their complex functions has yet to be defined. The cellular response to excess zinc levels in C. elegans requires the HIZR-1 transcription factor, which binds the high-zinc activation (HZA) enhancer in the promoters of multiple target genes. Cadmium hijacks the excess zinc response by binding and activating HIZR-1. By analyzing the genome-wide transcriptional response to excess zinc and cadmium, we identified two positions in the genome where head-to-head oriented genes are both induced by metals. In both examples, a single predicted HZA enhancer is positioned between the two translational start sites. We hypothesized that a single enhancer can control both head-to-head genes, an arrangement that has not been extensively characterized. To test this hypothesis, we used CRISPR genome editing to precisely delete the HZAmT enhancer positioned between mtl-2 and T08G5.1; in this mutant, both head-to-head genes display severely reduced zinc-activated transcription, whereas zinc-activated transcription of more distant genes was not strongly affected. Deleting the HZAcF enhancer positioned between cdr-1 and F35E8.10 caused both head-to-head genes to display reduced cadmium-activated transcription, whereas cadmium-activated transcription of more distant genes was not strongly affected. These studies rigorously document that a single HZA enhancer can control two head-to-head genes, advancing our understanding of the diverse functions of enhancers.

Article SummaryEnhancers are critical for gene expression, but a full understanding their functions has yet to be elucidated. We discovered two positions in the C. elegans genome where a pair of head-to-head oriented genes are both transcriptionally activated by excess zinc and/or cadmium; in both cases, one high-zinc activation (HZA) enhancer is positioned between the translation start sites. When these HZA enhancers were deleted by genome engineering, both head-to-head genes lost metal-activated transcription. These results demonstrate that a single HZA enhancer can control two head-to-head genes, advancing the understanding of enhancer function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Earley, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendoza, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunt, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneider, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kornfeld, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.19.624376</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A single high-zinc activation enhancer can control two genes oriented head-to-head in C. elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.19.624394v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Controlling human stem cell-derived islet composition using magnetic sorting 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.19.624394v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Stem cell-derived islets (SC-islets) consists of multiple hormone-producing cell types and offer a promising therapeutic avenue for treating type 1 diabetes (T1D). Currently, the composition of cell types generated within these SC-islets currently cannot be controlled via soluble factors during this differentiation process and consist of off-target cell types. In this study, we devised a magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) protocol to enrich SC-islets for CD49a, a marker associated with functional insulin-producing {beta} cells. SC-islets were generated from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) using an adherent differentiation protocol and then sorted and aggregated into islet-like clusters to produce CD49a-enriched, CD49a-depleted, and unsorted SC-islets. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and immunostaining revealed that CD49a-enriched SC-islets had higher proportions of {beta} cells and improved transcriptional identity compared to other cell types. Functional assays demonstrated that CD49a-enriched SC-islets exhibited enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion both in vitro and in vivo following transplantation into diabetic mice. These findings suggest that CD49a-based sorting significantly improves {beta} cell identity and the overall function of SC-islets, improving their effectiveness for T1D cell replacement therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kelley, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shunkarova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maestas, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gale, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hogrebe, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Millman, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.19.624394</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Controlling human stem cell-derived islet composition using magnetic sorting]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.20.624469v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phospholipid Scramblase 1 (PLSCR1) Regulates Interferon-Lambda Receptor 1 (IFN-lambdaR1) and IFN-lambda Signaling in Influenza A Virus (IAV) Infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.20.624469v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phospholipid scramblase 1 (PLSCR1) is an antiviral interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) that has several known anti-influenza functions. However, the mechanisms in relation to its expression compartment and enzymatic activity have not been completely explored. Moreover, only limited animal models have been studied to delineate its role at the tissue level in influenza infections. Our results showed that Plscr1 expression was highly induced by influenza A virus (IAV) infection in vivo and in airway epithelial cells treated with IFN-{lambda}. We found that infected Plscr1-/-mice exhibited exacerbated body weight loss, decreased survival rates, heightened viral replication, and increased lung damage. Interestingly, transcriptomic analyses demonstrated that Plscr1 was required for the expression of type 3 interferon receptor (Ifn-{lambda}r1) and a large subset of ISGs upon IAV infection. The impaired expression of Ifn-{lambda}r1 and downstream ISGs may be responsible for delayed viral clearance and worse lung inflammation in Plscr1-/- mice. PLSCR1 acts as a transcriptional activator of IFN-{lambda}R1 by directly binding to its promotor after IAV infection. In addition, PLSCR1 interacted with IFN-{lambda}R1 on the cell surface of pulmonary epithelial cells following IAV infection, suggesting it also modulated IFN-{lambda} signaling via protein-protein interactions. The lipid scramblase activity of PLSCR1 was found to be dispensable for its anti-flu activity. Finally, single-cell RNA sequencing data indicated that Plscr1 expression was significantly upregulated in ciliated airway epithelial cells in mice following IAV infection. Consistently, Plscr1floxStopFoxj1-Cre+ mice with ciliated epithelial cell-specific Plscr1 overexpression showed reduced susceptibility to IAV infection, less inflammation and enhanced Ifn-{lambda}r1 expression, suggesting that Plscr1 primarily regulates type 3 IFN signaling as a cell intrinsic defense factor against IAV in ciliated airway epithelial cells. Our research will elucidate virus-host interactions and pave the way for the development of novel anti-influenza drugs that target human elements like PLSCR1, thereby mitigating the emergence of drug-resistant IAV strains.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, A. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramos-Rodriguez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorkhdini, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norbrun, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Majid, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holtzman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyd, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.20.624469</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phospholipid Scramblase 1 (PLSCR1) Regulates Interferon-Lambda Receptor 1 (IFN-lambdaR1) and IFN-lambda Signaling in Influenza A Virus (IAV) Infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.20.624586v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Agouti and BMP signaling drive a naturally occurring fate conversion of melanophores to leucophores in zebrafish 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.20.624586v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The often-prominent pigment patterns of vertebrates are varied in form and function and depend on several types of pigment cells derived from embryonic neural crest or latent stem cells of neural crest origin. These cells and the patterns they produce have been useful for uncovering features of differentiation and morphogenesis that underlie adult phenotypes, and they offer opportunities to discover how patterns and the cell types themselves have diversified. In zebrafish, a body pattern of stripes arises by self organizing interactions among three types of pigment cells. Yet these fish also exhibit white ornamentation on their fins that depends on the transdifferentiation of black melanophores to white cells, "melanoleucophores." To identify mechanisms underlying this conversion we used ultrastructural, transcriptomic, mutational and other approaches. We show that melanophore- melanoleucophore transition depends on regional BMP signals transduced through non-canonical receptors (Rgmb-Neo1a-Lrig2) as well as BMP-dependent signaling by Agouti genes, asip1 and asip2b. These signals lead to expression of transcription factor genes including foxd3 and runx3 that are necessary to induce loss of melanin by an autophagy-like process, curtail new melanin production, and deploy a pathway for accumulating guanine crystals that, together, confer a white phenotype. These analyses uncover an important role for positional information in specifying ornamentation in zebrafish and show how tissue environmental cues and a novel gene regulatory program have allowed terminal addition of a distinct phenotype to a pre-existing cell type.

SignificanceFish often have striking color patterns with important functions in behavior. In zebrafish, the familiar striped pattern forms through self-organizing interactions between pigment cells, yet the white highlights on their fins arise differently--through the transformation of black pigment cells into white ones. This study reveals how this dramatic cell transformation happens: signals from the surrounding tissue, specifically BMP and Agouti proteins, instruct black cells to change their fate. These signals trigger expression of specific genes that cause the cells to break down their black pigment while acquiring white, crystal-like structures. This work shows how local signals in tissues can drive the development of ornamental features and provides insights into how new cell types evolve.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kapadia, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shriver, L. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patti, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humbel, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laudet, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>PARICHY, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.20.624586</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Agouti and BMP signaling drive a naturally occurring fate conversion of melanophores to leucophores in zebrafish]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.20.624560v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antigen flexibility supports the avidity of hemagglutinin-specific antibodies at low antigen densities 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.20.624560v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The receptor-binding protein of influenza A virus, hemagglutinin (HA), is the most abundant protein on the viral surface. While high densities of HA are thought to improve cellular attachment by increasing avidity for the viral receptor, they may also increase the avidity of neutralizing antibodies. The tradeoff between these two competing effects of avidity is not well understood. To better understand how features of the viral surface influence antibody avidity, we developed fluorescence-based assays to measure dissociation kinetics and steady-state binding of antibodies to intact virions. Focusing on two antibodies that bind to the HA head domain (S139/1 and C05), we confirm that binding orientations that favor bivalent attachment of antibodies to the viral surface can offset weak monovalent affinity by facilitating crosslinking. By modulating HA density in both engineered viruses and synthetic nanoparticles, we find that bivalent antibody binding remains resilient down to one-tenth the HA density on the viral surface and, in the case of C05, that antibody occupancy increases at these lowest densities. Finally, using a combination of structure-guided modeling and antibodies that lock HA in a tilted conformation, we identify flexibility of the HA ectodomain as an additional determinant of antibody avidity. Together, these results establish features of the viral surface that help support or suppress the binding of neutralizing antibodies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Benegal, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Groff, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vahey, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.20.624560</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antigen flexibility supports the avidity of hemagglutinin-specific antibodies at low antigen densities]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.22.623804v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Characterizing cytosine methylation of polymorphic human transposable element insertions using human pangenome resources 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.22.623804v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cytosine methylation, a crucial epigenetic modification, plays a vital role in genomic regulation. Leveraging the advancements in third-generation sequencing, we investigated the methylation patterns of non-reference insertions of human lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs), particularly polymorphic transposable elements (TEs). We validated the high concordance between long-read methylation calls and conventional whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) method. By characterizing thousands of polymorphic TE insertions genome-wide using long reads from the draft Human Pangenome Reference, we aimed to establish general rules of TE methylation by addressing three key questions: 1) what is the methylation profile of each insertion? 2) do newly inserted TEs adopt the methylation pattern of their genomic context? and 3) do new TE insertions affect the methylation of their flanking regions? While most non-TE insertions exhibit DNA methylation patterns consistent with their genomic context, TE insertions are generally highly methylated, exhibiting distinct, class-specific patterns, and with profound variation within TE bodies. A small percentage of Alu insertions are hypomethylated, particularly those inserted within hypomethylated CpG islands. By comparing DNA methylation of flanking regions of TE insertions between individuals with and without the TE insertions, we revealed that majority of TEs exhibited minimal impact on nearby regions, although numerous exceptions exist where the methylation status of both L1 and Alu insertions "leak" into nearby regions, leading to either methylation spreading or hypomethylation sloping shores. In conclusion, we demonstrated the methylation calling capability of third-generation sequencing and its unique advantage in characterizing epigenomic features within non-reference positions. While TE insertions primarily exhibit methylation patterns restricted within their boundaries, some TEs are able to engage in context-dependent complex interactions with genomic neighborhood.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhuo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomlinson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belter, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuntala, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saintilnord, W. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindsay, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macias, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fulton, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.22.623804</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Characterizing cytosine methylation of polymorphic human transposable element insertions using human pangenome resources]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.22.624801v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Large-scale Signal Propagation Modes in the Human Brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.22.624801v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The brains large-scale temporal dynamics play a crucial role in understanding its operations, but developing a cohesive framework to integrate the potentially extensive array of spatiotemporal patterns remains elusive. Our work addresses this gap by identifying multiple large-scale signal propagation modes in resting-state fMRI time series under a unified methodological framework. We found five distinct modes that effectively predict future blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal dynamics, each reconciling transitions between well-known large-scale brain networks into coherent spatiotemporal units. By utilizing these coherent units, our approach circumvents the need to explore combinatorial explosion of transitions between potential states, enabling parsimonious modeling and effective prediction of whole-brain temporal evolution. Each mode captures specific operational dimensions of neural resource allocation, ensuring their interpretability. Importantly, we showed that complex spatiotemporal features emerge from the superposition of these few propagation modes, unifying a broad spectrum of well-known brain dynamics phenomena. Our results lay the groundwork for a unified framework to understand large-scale spatiotemporal brain organization. Moreover, individual differences in mode expression profiles correlate with general cognitive abilities, exhibit heritability, and demonstrate cross-task stability, underscoring their functional significance. This could lead to efficient methods for characterizing functional fingerprints and advancing diagnostic approaches for neurological disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Song, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Philip, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.22.624801</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Large-scale Signal Propagation Modes in the Human Brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.21.624682v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Replication stress marker phospho-RPA2 predicts response to platinum and PARP inhibitors in homologous recombination-proficient ovarian cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.21.624682v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundOvarian cancer treatment includes cytoreductive surgery, platinum-based chemotherapy, and often poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Homologous recombination (HR)-deficiency is a well-established predictor of therapy sensitivity. However, over 50% of HR-proficient tumors also exhibit sensitivity to standard-of-care treatments. Currently, there are no biomarkers to identify which HR-proficient tumors will be sensitive to standard-of-care therapy. Replication stress may serve as a key determinant of response.

MethodsWe evaluated phospho-RPA2-T21 (pRPA2) foci via immunofluorescence as a potential biomarker of replication stress in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples collected at diagnosis from patients treated with platinum chemotherapy (discovery cohort: n = 31, validation cohort: n = 244) or PARP inhibitors (n = 87). Recurrent tumors (n = 37) were also analyzed. pRPA2 scores were calculated using automated imaging analysis. Samples were defined as pRPA2-High if > 16% of cells had [&ge;] 2 pRPA2 foci.

ResultsIn the discovery cohort, HR-proficient, pRPA2-High tumors demonstrated significantly higher rates of pathologic complete response to platinum chemotherapy than HR-proficient, pRPA2-Low tumors. In the validation cohort, patients with HR-proficient, pRPA2-High tumors had significantly longer survival after platinum treatment than those with HR-proficient, pRPA2-Low tumors. Additionally, the pRPA2 assay effectively predicted survival outcomes in patients treated with PARP inhibitors and in recurrent tumor samples.

ConclusionOur study underscores the importance of considering replication stress markers alongside HR status in therapeutic planning. Our work suggest that this assay could be used throughout a patients treatment course to expand the number of patients receiving effective therapy while reducing unnecessary toxicity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schab, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Compadre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drexler, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loeb, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brill, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harrington, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandoval, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanders, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuroki, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCourt, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagemann, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thaker, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mutch, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Powell, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serra, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagemann, I. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walts, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karlan, B. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orsulic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuh, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verma, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lomonosova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khabele, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mullen, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.21.624682</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Replication stress marker phospho-RPA2 predicts response to platinum and PARP inhibitors in homologous recombination-proficient ovarian cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.22.624939v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Key Regulatory Elements of the TGFbeta-LRRC15 Axis Predict Disease Progression and Immunotherapy Resistance Across Cancer Types 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.22.624939v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF{beta}) has dual roles in cancer, initially suppressing tumors but later promoting metastasis and immune evasion. Efforts to inhibit TGF{beta} have been largely unsuccessful due to significant toxicity and indiscriminate immunosuppression. Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 15 (LRRC15) is a TGF{beta}-regulated antigen expressed by mesenchymal-derived cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). In preclinical studies, ablation of TGF{beta}-driven LRRC15+ CAFs increased tumor infiltration of CD8+ T cells. However, the underlying pathobiological mechanisms prompting TGF{beta}s upregulation of LRRC15 expression are unclear. Using an integrated approach combining functional compound screening with single-cell RNA sequencing, we reveal key genomic features regulating TGF{beta}s ability to increase LRRC15 expression on cancer cells. Construction of gene regulatory networks converged our analyses on four key genes--MMP2, SPARC, TGF{beta}R2, and WNT5B--central to TGF{beta}-induced LRRC15 pathobiology. Validation of these genes in cell models and their use in predicting immunotherapy responses highlight their potential in refining immunotherapy strategies and personalizing co-treatment options.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Storey, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altai, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lueong, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thorek, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zedan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ridley, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trajkovic-Arsic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herrmann, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subudhi, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siddiqui, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lueckerath, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siveke, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Damoiseaux, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ulmert, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.22.624939</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Key Regulatory Elements of the TGFbeta-LRRC15 Axis Predict Disease Progression and Immunotherapy Resistance Across Cancer Types]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.25.625294v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A survey of hypothalamic phenotypes identifies molecular and behavioral consequences of MYT1L haploinsufficiency in male and female mice. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.25.625294v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The transcription factor MYT1L supports proper neuronal differentiation and maturation during brain development. MYT1L haploinsufficiency results in a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by intellectual disability, developmental delay, autism, behavioral disruptions, aggression, obesity and epilepsy. While MYT1L is expressed throughout the brain, how it supports proper neuronal function in distinct regions has not been assessed. Some features of MYT1L Neurodevelopmental Syndrome suggest disruption of hypothalamic function, such as obesity and endocrine issues, and previous research showed changes in hypothalamic neuropeptide expression following knockdown in zebrafish. Here, we leveraged our heterozygous Myt1l mutant, previously shown to recapitulate aspects of the human syndrome such as hyperactivity, social challenges, and obesity, to examine the impact of MYT1L loss on hypothalamic function. Examining the molecular profile of the MYT1L haploinsufficient hypothalamus revealed a similar scale of disruption to previously studied brain regions, yet with region-specific roles for MYT1L, including regulation of neuropeptide systems. Alterations in oxytocin and arginine vasopressin cell numbers were also found. Behaviors studied included maternal care, social group hierarchies, and aggression, all of which were unchanged. Feeding and metabolic markers were also largely unchanged in MYT1L haploinsufficient mice, yet an interaction was observed between diet and MYT1L genotype on weight gain. Our findings here suggest that gross endocrine function was not altered by MYT1L haploinsufficiency, and that key sex-specific behaviors related to proper hypothalamic function remain intact. Further study is needed to understand the functional impact of the altered hypothalamic molecular profile and changes in neuropeptide cell numbers that result from MYT1L haploinsufficiency.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maloney, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCullough, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaturvedi, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Selmanovic, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chase, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Granadillo, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kroll, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.25.625294</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A survey of hypothalamic phenotypes identifies molecular and behavioral consequences of MYT1L haploinsufficiency in male and female mice.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.24.624947v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mitophagy Facilitates Cytosolic Proteostasis to Preserve Cardiac Function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.24.624947v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundProtein quality control (PQC) is critical for maintaining sarcomere structure and function in cardiac myocytes, and mutations in PQC pathway proteins, such as CRYAB (arginine to glycine at position 120, R120G) and BAG3 (proline to lysine at position 209, P209L) induce protein aggregate pathology with cardiomyopathy in humans. Novel observations in yeast and mammalian cells demonstrate mitochondrial uptake of cytosolic protein aggregates. We hypothesized that mitochondrial uptake of cytosolic protein aggregates and their removal by mitophagy, a lysosomal degradative pathway essential for myocardial homeostasis, facilitates cytosolic protein quality control in cardiac myocytes.

MethodsMice with inducible cardiac myocyte specific ablation of TRAF2 (TRAF2icKO), which impairs mitophagy, were assessed for protein aggregates with biochemical fractionation and super-resolution imaging in comparison to floxed controls. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiac myocytes with R120G knock-in to the CRYAB locus were assessed for localization of the CRYAB protein. Transgenic mice expressing R120G CRYAB protein (R120G-TG) were subjected to both TRAF2 gain-of-function (with AAV9-cardiac Troponin T promoter-driven TRAF2 transduction) and TRAF2 loss-of-function (with tamoxifen-inducible ablation of one Traf2 allele) in cardiac myocytes to determine the effect of mitophagy modulation on cardiac structure, function, and protein aggregate pathology.

ResultsCardiomyocyte-specific ablation of TRAF2 results accumulation of mitochondrial and cytosolic protein aggregates and DESMIN mis-localization to protein aggregates. Isolated mitochondria take up cardiomyopathy-associated aggregate-prone cytosolic chaperone proteins, namely arginine to glycine (R120G) CRYAB mutant and proline to lysine (P209L) BAG3 mutant. R120G-CRYAB mutant protein increasingly localizes to mitochondria in human and mouse cardiomyocytes. R120G-TG mice demonstrate upregulation of TRAF2 in the mitochondrial fraction with increased mitophagy as compared with wild type. Adult-onset inducible haplo-insufficiency of TRAF2 resulted in accelerated mortality, impaired left ventricular systolic function and increased protein aggregates in R120G-TG mice as compared with controls. Conversely, AAV9-mediated TRAF2 transduction in R120G-TG mice reduced mortality and attenuated left ventricular systolic dysfunction, with reduced protein aggregates and restoration of normal localization of DESMIN, a cytosolic scaffolding protein chaperoned by CRYAB, as compared with control AAV9-GFP group.

ConclusionsTRAF2-mediated mitophagy in cardiac myocytes facilitates removal of cytosolic protein aggregates and can be stimulated to ameliorate proteotoxic cardiomyopathy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Diwan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rawnsley, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Islam, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kargar Gaz Kooh, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendoza, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navid, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumari, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nigro, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kovacs, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mani, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huebsch, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.24.624947</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mitophagy Facilitates Cytosolic Proteostasis to Preserve Cardiac Function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.25.625295v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Coupled aging of cyto- and myeloarchitectonic atlas-informed gray and white matter structural properties 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.25.625295v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A key aspect of brain aging that remains poorly understood is its high regional heterogeneity and heterochronicity. A better understanding of how the structural organization of the brain shapes aging trajectories is needed. Neuroimaging tissue "types" are often collected and analyzed as separate acquisitions, an approach that cannot provide a holistic view of age-related change of the related portions of the neurons (cell bodies and axons). Because neuroimaging can only assess indirect features at the gross macrostructural level, incorporating post-mortem histological information may aid in better understanding of structural aging gradients. Longitudinal design, coupling of gray and white matter (GM, WM) properties, and a biologically informed approach to organizing neural properties are needed. Thus, we tested aging of the regional coupling between GM (cortical thickness, surface area, volume) and WM (fractional anisotropy, mean, axial, and radial diffusivities) structural metrics using linear mixed effects modeling in 102 healthy adults aged 20-94 years old, scanned on two occasions over a four-year period. The association between age-related within-person change in GM morphometry and the diffusion properties of the directly neighboring portion of white matter were assessed, capturing both aspects of neuronal health in one model. Additionally, we parcellated the brain utilizing the histological-staining informed von Economo-Koskinas atlas to consider regional cyto- and myelo-architecture. Results demonstrate several gradients of coupled association in the age-related decline of neighboring white and gray matter. Most notably, gradients of coupling along the heteromodal association to sensory axis were found for several areas (e.g., anterior frontal and lateral temporal cortices, vs pre- and post-central gyrus, occipital, and limbic areas), in line with heterochronicity and retrogenesis theories of aging. Further effort to bridge across data and measurement scales will enhance understanding of the mechanisms of the aging brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hoagey, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pongpipat, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodrigue, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.25.625295</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Coupled aging of cyto- and myeloarchitectonic atlas-informed gray and white matter structural properties]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.26.625457v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Efficient creation and characterization of multi-kilobase knockins by CRISPR/Cas9 and multiple rAAVs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.26.625457v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multi-kilobase knock-ins (KIs) are a necessary, yet challenging type of genome editing to create and characterize in cell lines and animals. The combination of rAAV donor transduction and electroporation of single-cell mouse embryos with Cas9/gRNA ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP) enables highly efficient KI, but the insert size is limited by the viral packaging capacity. Here, we report the creation of up to 6.6 kb precise KI achieved in one step by using three rAAVs designed to insert one after the other. To fully characterize the edited genome with large KIs, we developed LOCK-seq (LOng-read sequencing of Captured Kilo-base targets), where relevant genomic regions are enriched via hybridization, achieving over 100-fold greater coverage compared to other long-read methods with enrichment. LOCK-seq simultaneously detects the presence of the KI allele, genotypes non-KI alleles and more importantly, uniquely identifies donor concatenation in the KI allele, and localizes random integration of the full or partial donor. Additionally, the multi-rAAV donor approach is successfully applied to cell lines, including lines intolerant of plasmid DNA, whereas LOCK-seq reliably and efficiently screens for KI clones. Together, the two approaches significantly improve the creation and precision of knock-in models.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sentmanat, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kouranova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richey, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Neal, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dipersio, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallace, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.26.625457</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Efficient creation and characterization of multi-kilobase knockins by CRISPR/Cas9 and multiple rAAVs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.26.625544v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integration of spatial multiplexed protein imaging and transcriptomics in the human kidney tracks the regenerative potential timeline of proximal tubules 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.26.625544v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The organizational principles of nephronal segments are based on longstanding anatomical and physiological attributes that are closely linked to the homeostatic functions of the kidney. Novel molecular approaches have recently uncovered layers of deeper signatures and states in tubular cells that arise at various timepoints on the spectrum between health and disease. For example, a dedifferentiated state of proximal tubular cells with mesenchymal stemness markers is frequently seen after injury. The persistence of such a state is associated with failed repair. Here, we introduce a novel analytical pipeline applied to highly multiplexed spatial protein imaging to characterize proximal tubular subpopulations and neighborhoods in reference and disease human kidney tissue. The results were validated and extended through integration with spatial and single cell transcriptomics. We demonstrate that, in reference tissue, a large proportion of S1 and S2 proximal tubular epithelial cells express THY1, a mesenchymal stromal and stem cell marker that regulates differentiation. Kidney disease is associated with loss of THY1 and transition towards expression of PROM1, another stem cell marker shown recently to be linked to failed repair. We demonstrate that the trajectory of proximal tubular cells to THY1 expression is clearly distinct from that of PROM1, and that a state with PROM1 expression is associated with niches of inflammation. Our data support a model in which the interplay between THY1 and PROM1 expression in proximal tubules associates with their regenerative potential and marks the timeline of disease progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Asghari, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sabo, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barwinska, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melo Ferreira, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferkowicz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gisch, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gulbronson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillips, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sutton, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vazquez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Toole, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palevsky, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waikar, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiryluk, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parikh, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodgins, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarder, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Boer, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Himmelfarb, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kretzler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kidney Precision Medicine Project,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eadon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winfree, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El-Achkar, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagher, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.26.625544</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integration of spatial multiplexed protein imaging and transcriptomics in the human kidney tracks the regenerative potential timeline of proximal tubules]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.02.626520v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Detection and characterization of Langya virus in Crocidura lasiura, Republic of Korea 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.02.626520v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This study reports the identification of Langya virus Korea (LayV KOR) during the surveillance of shrews in the Republic of Korea. LayV KOR represents the first identification of LayV outside of China, exhibiting approximately 80% and 95.5% homologies at nucleotide and amino acid levels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Natasha, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pye, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajoriya, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pangestu, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, J.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, W.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.02.626520</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Detection and characterization of Langya virus in Crocidura lasiura, Republic of Korea]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.01.626264v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Investigating the Functional Role of the DI-DII Linker in Nav1.5 Channel Function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.01.626264v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel, Nav1.5 initiates the cardiac action potential. Its dysfunction can lead to dangerous arrhythmias, sudden cardiac arrest, and death. The functional Nav1.5 core consists of four homologous repeats (I, II, III, and IV), each formed from a voltage sensing and a pore domain. The channel also contains three cytoplasmic linkers (I-II, II-III, and III-IV). While Nav1.5 structures have been published, the I-II and II-III linkers have remained absent, are predicted to be disordered, and their functional role is not well understood.

We divided the I-II linker into eight regions ranging in size from 32 to 52 residues, chosen based on their distinct properties. Since these regions had unique sequence properties, we hypothesized that they may have distinct effects on channel function. We tested this hypothesis with experiments with individual Nav1.5 constructs with each region deleted. These deletions had small effects on channel gating, though two (430 - 457del and 556 - 607del) reduced peak current. Phylogenetic analysis of the I-II linker revealed five prolines (P627, P628, P637, P640, P648) that were conserved in mammals but absent from the Xenopus sequence. We created mutant channels, where these were replaced with their Xenopus counterparts. The only mutation that had a significant effect on channel gating was P627S, which depolarized channel activation (10.13 +/- 2.28 mV). Neither a phosphosilent (P627A) nor a phosphomimetic (P627E) mutation had a significant effect, suggesting that either phosphorylation or another specific serine property is required.

Since deletion of large regions had little effect on channel gating while a point mutation had a conspicuous impact, the I-II linker role may be to facilitate interactions with other proteins. Variants may have a larger impact if they create or disrupt these interactions, which may be key in evaluating pathogenicity of variants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wagner, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marras, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelley, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruff, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.01.626264</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Investigating the Functional Role of the DI-DII Linker in Nav1.5 Channel Function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.02.624182v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MOZ and HBO1 Histone Acetyltransferase Complexes Are Molecular Dependencies and Therapeutic Targets in NUP98-Rearranged Acute Myeloid Leukemia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.02.624182v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
NUP98 fusion oncoproteins (FOs) are a hallmark of childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and drive leukemogenesis through liquid-liquid phase separation-mediated nuclear condensate formation. However, the composition and consequences of NUP98 FO-associated condensates are incompletely understood. Here we show that MYST family histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complex proteins including MOZ/KAT6A, HBO1/KAT7, and the common MOZ/HBO1 complex subunit BRPF1 associate with NUP98 FOs on chromatin and within condensates. MYST HATs are molecular dependencies in NUP98-rearranged (NUP98-r) leukemia, and genetic inactivation or pharmacologic inhibition of Moz and Hbo1 impairs NUP98-r cell fitness. MOZ/HBO1 inhibition decreased global H3K23ac levels, displaced NUP98::HOXA9 from chromatin at the Meis1 locus, and led to myeloid cell differentiation. Additionally, MOZ/HBO1 inhibition decreased leukemic burden in multiple NUP98-r leukemia xenograft mouse models, synergized with Menin inhibitor treatment, and was efficacious in Menin inhibitor-resistant cells. In summary, we show that MYST family HATs are therapeutically actionable dependencies in NUP98-r AML.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMOZ and HBO1 associate with NUP98 fusion oncoprotein condensates to drive leukemogenesis. Inhibition of their histone acetyltransferase activity is an effective therapeutic strategy in NUP98-rearranged leukemias, including those resistant to Menin inhibition. Moreover, combined MOZ/HBO1 and Menin inhibition is synergistic, supporting clinical translation to improve outcomes of NUP98 FO-driven leukemias.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mullighan, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michmerhuizen, N. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heikamp, E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iacobucci, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Umeda, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arthur, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mishra, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Giacomo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hiltenbrand, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radko-Juettner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lott, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martucci, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subramanyam, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baviskar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Portola, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Claquin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandra, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baggett, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khalighifar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papachristou, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chilamakuri, C. S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vitorino, F. N. d. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gongora, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janke, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kentsis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Santos, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kriwacki, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klco, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armstrong, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.02.624182</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MOZ and HBO1 Histone Acetyltransferase Complexes Are Molecular Dependencies and Therapeutic Targets in NUP98-Rearranged Acute Myeloid Leukemia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.03.626330v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CD226+ adipose tissue macrophages arise from MDP-derived monocytes and regulate lipid metabolism. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.03.626330v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Macrophages are innate immune cells present in all tissues, in which they participate in immune responses and maintenance of tissue homeostasis. They develop either from embryonic precursors or from circulating monocytes, and their origin impacts their functions. We previously observed robust recruitment of monocytes to brown adipose tissue in which they could differentiation into two distinct macrophage subsets identifiable by CD206 or CD226 expression. In the present study, we investigated monocyte differentiation pathways in brown adipose tissue and the function of monocyte-derived macrophages. Fate mapping analysis revealed a low contribution of GMP- and a high contribution of MDP-derived monocytes to the CD226high macrophage subset. Importantly, adoptive transfer experiments demonstrate that MDP- but not GMP-derived monocytes are pre-conditioned to give rise to CD226high macrophages. We found that MDP-derived CD226high macrophages were also present in other tissues including peritoneal cavity, adrenal glands and all adipose depots. CD226high macrophages were regulated by both GM-CSF and CSF1R. Genetic depletion of CD226high macrophages caused increased BAT and plasma triglyceride content. We thus identify CD226high MDP-derived macrophages as a new myeloid cell type conserved across tissues and tied to lipid metabolism homeostasis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gallerand, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caillot, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Terekhova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castiglione, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leporati, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giacchero, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pilot, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolfi, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zair, F. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goes, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennetot, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mlamla, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mass, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ginhoux, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voehringer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mack, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dombrowicz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Artyomov, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertola, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>IVANOV, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.03.626330</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CD226+ adipose tissue macrophages arise from MDP-derived monocytes and regulate lipid metabolism.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.05.627003v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular Insights into the Regulation of GNPTAB by TMEM251 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.05.627003v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In vertebrates, newly synthesized lysosomal enzymes traffick to lysosomes through the mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) pathway. The Golgi membrane protein TMEM251 was recently discovered to regulate lysosome biogenesis by controlling the level of GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase (GNPT). However, its precise function remained unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that TMEM251 is a two-transmembrane protein indispensable for GNPT stability, cleavage by Site-1-Protease (S1P), and enzymatic activity. We reconcile conflicting models by showing that TMEM251 enhances GNPT cleavage and prevents its mislocalization to lysosomes for degradation. We further establish that TMEM251 achieves this by interacting with GOLPH3 and retromer complexes to anchor the TMEM251-GNPT complex at the Golgi. Alanine mutagenesis identified F4XXR7 motif in TMEM251s N-tail for GOLPH3 binding. Together, our findings uncover TMEM251s multi-faceted role in stabilizing GNPT, retaining it at the Golgi, and ensuring the fidelity of the M6P pathway, thereby providing insights into its molecular function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doray, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venkatarangan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jennings, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henn, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kornfeld, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.05.627003</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular Insights into the Regulation of GNPTAB by TMEM251]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.05.627013v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cultivation and molecular characterization of Foley catheterized urine, clean catch urine, and vaginal swabs from pregnant women prior to delivery 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.05.627013v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The bladder and urine have historically been considered sterile, especially in the context of clinical assessment. Yet, enhanced culture techniques and advances in DNA sequencing surveys have revealed a low microbial biomass microbiota in the bladders of most healthy individuals. Yet very few studies have investigated the urinary microbiota of pregnant women, who are at increased risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) that can lead to pregnancy complications such as spontaneous preterm birth. To better understand the potential role of a bladder microbiota during pregnancy, we characterized the urinary microbiota of 25 pregnant women (delivering at or beyond 36 weeks gestation) by comparing the bacterial profiles of their paired catheter urine, clean catch urine, and vaginal swabs through both cultivation and molecular microbiological survey methods. For culture, three bacterial taxa were detected in at least 20% of all urine samples (Lactobacillus species, coagulase negative Staphylococcus species, and Ureaplasma urealyticum). All three taxa were detected less frequently in Foley catheter urine than in clean catch urine. Ureaplasma urealyticum was the most frequently recovered bacterium in Foley catheter urine (13/25 women). It was also identified as being more relatively abundant in Foley catheter urine than in the vagina through 16S rRNA gene surveys. Other lower abundance Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (i.e., Finegoldia and Anaerococcus) were also more relatively abundant in Foley catheter urine than clean catch urine or vaginal swabs. However, all sample types had high relative abundances of Lactobacillus and Gardnerella species. Overall, this suggests that, although vaginal microbiota contamination cannot be completely avoided, Foley catheterized urine is effective at characterizing the low abundance bladder microbiota, including Ureaplasma, Finegoldia, and Anaerococcus species. This warrants their further consideration as commensal members of the bladder microbiome during pregnancy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Greenberg, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romero, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alhousseini, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winters, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tarca, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez-Lopez, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hassan, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Theis, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.05.627013</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cultivation and molecular characterization of Foley catheterized urine, clean catch urine, and vaginal swabs from pregnant women prior to delivery]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.05.626723v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Aging and the Spectral Properties of Brain Hemodynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.05.626723v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cerebral glucose metabolism (CMRGlc) systematically decreases with advancing age. We sought to identify correlates of decreased CMRGlc in the spectral properties of fMRI signals imaged in the task-free state. We analyzed lifespan resting-state fMRI data acquired in 455 healthy adults (ages 18-87 years) and cerebral metabolic data acquired in a separate cohort of 94 healthy adults (ages 25-45 years, 65-85 years). We characterized the spectral properties of the fMRI data in terms of the relative predominance of slow vs. fast activity using the spectral slope (SS) measure. We found that the relative proportion of fast activity increases with advancing age (SS flattening) across most cortical regions. The regional distribution of spectral slope was topographically correlated with CMRGlc in young adults. Notably, whereas most older adults maintained a youthful pattern of SS topography, a distinct subset of older adults significantly diverged from the youthful pattern. This subset of older adults also diverged from the youthful pattern of CMRGlc metabolism. This divergent pattern was associated with T2-weighted signal changes in frontal lobe white matter, an independent marker of small vessel disease. These findings suggest that BOLD signal spectral slope flattening may represent a biomarker of age-associated neurometabolic pathology.

Significance StatementAging is associated with a decline in cerebral glucose metabolism (CMRGlc). Here, we identified correlates of CMRGlc in the spectral properties of resting-state fMRI data using spectral slope (SS), which quantifies the relative predominance of slow vs. fast activity. We found that SS flattening with advancing age is most prominent in regions characterized by high CMRGlc in youth. A subset of older adults who diverged from the youthful pattern of SS topography also exhibited evidence of frontal lobe white matter pathology. These findings suggest that the spectral properties of rs-fMRI data provide mechanistic insights into age-related neuropathology. In particular, spectral slope measures may serve as early indicators of age-related neurometabolic decline and potentially identify individuals in whom intervention is indicated.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Park, K. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snyder, A. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goyal, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laumann, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adeyemo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metcalf, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vlassenko, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shimony, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leuthardt, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.05.626723</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Aging and the Spectral Properties of Brain Hemodynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.06.627294v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Functional Connectome Mediating Circadian Synchrony in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.06.627294v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Circadian rhythms in mammals arise from the spatiotemporal synchronization of [~]20,000 neuronal clocks in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN). While anatomical, molecular, and genetic approaches have revealed diverse cell types and signaling mechanisms, the network wiring that enables SCN cells to communicate and synchronize remains unclear. To overcome the challenges of revealing functional connectivity from fixed tissue, we developed MITE (Mutual Information & Transfer Entropy), an information theory approach that infers directed cell-cell connections with high fidelity. By analyzing 3447 hours of continuously recorded clock gene expression from 9011 cells in 17 mice, we found that the functional connectome of SCN was highly conserved bilaterally and across mice, sparse, and organized into a dorsomedial and a ventrolateral module. While most connections were local, we discovered long-range connections from ventral cells to cells in both the ventral and dorsal SCN. Based on their functional connectivity, SCN cells can be characterized as circadian signal generators, broadcasters, sinks, or bridges. For example, a subset of VIP neurons acts as hubs that generate circadian signals critical to synchronize daily rhythms across the SCN neural network. Simulations of the experimentally inferred SCN networks recapitulated the stereotypical dorsal-to-ventral wave of daily PER2 expression and ability to spontaneously synchronize, revealing that SCN emergent dynamics are sculpted by cell-cell connectivity. We conclude that MITE provides a powerful method to infer functional connectomes, and that the conserved architecture of cell-cell connections mediates circadian synchrony across space and time in the mammalian SCN.

HighlightsO_LIWe developed MITE, an information theory method, to accurately infer directed functional connectivity among circadian cells.
C_LIO_LISCN cell types with conserved connectivity patterns spatially organize into two regions and function as generators, broadcasters, sinks, or bridges of circadian information.
C_LIO_LIOne-third of VIP neurons serve as hubs that drive circadian synchrony across the SCN.
C_LIO_LIKey connectivity features mediate the generation and maintenance of intercellular synchrony and daily waves of clock gene expression across the SCN.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nikhil, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singhal, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Granados-Fuentes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiss, I. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herzog, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.06.627294</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Functional Connectome Mediating Circadian Synchrony in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.10.627638v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Monoclonal antibodies targeting the FimH adhesin protect against uropathogenic E. coli UTI 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.10.627638v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As antimicrobial resistance increases, urinary tract infections (UTIs) are expected to pose an increased burden in morbidity and expense on the healthcare system, increasing the need for alternative antibiotic-sparing treatments. Most UTIs are caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), while Klebsiella pneumoniae causes a significant portion of non-UPEC UTIs. Both bacteria express type 1 pili tipped with the mannose-binding FimH adhesin critical for UTI pathogenesis. We generated and biochemically characterized 33 murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to FimH. Two mAbs protected mice from E. coli UTI. Mechanistically, we show that this protection is Fc-independent and mediated by the ability of these mAbs to sterically block FimH function. Our data reveals that FimH mAbs hold promise as an antibiotic-sparing treatment strategy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lopatto, E. D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santiago-Borges, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanick, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malladi, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azimzadeh, P. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Timm, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fox, I. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmitz, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ortinau, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gualberto, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinkner, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dodson, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellebedy, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kau, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hultgren, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.10.627638</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Monoclonal antibodies targeting the FimH adhesin protect against uropathogenic E. coli UTI]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.10.627758v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Resolving the design principles that control postnatal vascular growth and scaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.10.627758v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
After birth, tissues grow continuously until reaching adult size, with each organ exhibiting unique cellular dynamics, growth patterns, and (stem or non-stem) cell sources. Using a suite of experimental and computational multiscale approaches, we found that aortic expansion is guided by specific biological principles and scales with the vertebral column rather than animal body weight. Expansion proceeds via two distinct waves of arterial cell proliferation along blood flow that are spatially stochastic, yet temporally coordinated. Each wave exhibits unique cell cycle kinetics and properties, with the first wave exhibiting cell cycle durations as fast as 6 hours. Single-cell RNA sequencing showed changes in fatty acid metabolism concomitant with an increase in cell size. Mathematical modeling and experiments indicated endothelial cell extrusion is essential for homeostatic aortic growth and balancing excess proliferation. In a genetic model of achondroplasia, the aorta achieves proper scaling through enhanced cell extrusion while maintaining normal proliferation dynamics. Collectively, these results provide a blueprint of the principles that orchestrate aortic growth which depends entirely on differentiated cell proliferation rather than resident stem cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pichardo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dutta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patra, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bougaran, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mompeon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stock, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Ortega, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pratama, M. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pichardo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramkhelawon, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benedito, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bautch, V. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ornitz, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goyal, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iruela-Arispe, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.10.627758</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Resolving the design principles that control postnatal vascular growth and scaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.06.627210v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Variant Set Distillation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.06.627210v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Allelic heterogeneity - the presence of multiple causal variants at a given locus - has been widely observed across human traits. Combining the association signals across these distinct causal variants at a given locus presents an opportunity for empowering gene discovery. This opportunity is growing with the increasing population diversity and sequencing depth of emerging genomic datasets. However, the rapidly increasing number of null (non-causal) variants within these datasets makes leveraging allelic heterogeneity increasingly difficult for existing testing approaches. We recently-proposed a general theoretical framework for sparse signal problems, Stable Distillation (SD). Here we present a SD-based method vsdistill, which overcomes several major shortcomings in the simple SD procedures we initially proposed and introduces many innovations aimed at maximizing power in the context of genomics. We show via simulations that vsdistill provides a significant power boost over the popular STAAR method. vsdistill is available in our new R package gdistill, with core routines implemented in C. We also show our method scales readily to large datasets by performing an association analysis with height in the UK Biobank.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Christ, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aslett, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lam, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savitski, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stitziel, N. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinsaltz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.06.627210</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Variant Set Distillation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.06.627254v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CD4 Co-Receptor Regulates Sex-Specific NK Cell Responses to Acute Toxoplasma gondii Infection. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.06.627254v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Immunity to Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is sexually dimorphic in humans and mice, with females having higher morbidity and mortality during immune dysfunction and HIV-AIDS. The mechanisms underlying these sex differences are unclear. We investigated how a lack of CD4+ T cells (CD4 co-receptor KO) impacted T. gondii survival in mice. Female CD4 co-receptor KO mice succumbed to T. gondii much faster than males. To dissect why female CD4 co-receptor KO mice died faster, we tested their NK cell responses to acute T. gondii infection compared to males. Although in wild-type (WT) animals, both sexes had similar increases in total NK cells and IFN{gamma} + NK cells, infected CD4 co-receptor KO female mice had 50% fewer IFN{gamma}+ NK cells than infected WT female mice. Infected male CD4 co-receptor KO had a similar increase in IFN{gamma}+ NK cells as WT male mice. Since CD4 co-receptor deficient mice still have functional helper T cells that are CD4-, we next tested survival and NK cell responses in female and male MHCII deficient (MHCIIKO) animals, which completely lack helper CD4+T cells. Surprisingly, survival, NK cell numbers, and IFN{gamma}+ NK cells were not significantly different between WT or MHCIIKO female and male mice. These results suggest CD4 co-receptor expression is required for survival via optimal NK cell responses during acute T. gondii infection only in female mice and not in male mice. Our findings reveal an unappreciated sexual dimorphic role of CD4 co-receptor expression in regulating NK cell responses to acute T. gondii infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roy, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernstein, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keplinger, H. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisk, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Denton, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gigley, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.06.627254</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CD4 Co-Receptor Regulates Sex-Specific NK Cell Responses to Acute Toxoplasma gondii Infection.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.09.627518v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Patient-Derived Xenografts of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Enable Deconvolution and Prediction of Chemotherapy Responses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.09.627518v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Combination chemotherapy remains essential for clinical management of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Consequently, responses to multiple single agents cannot be delineated at the single patient level, even though some patients might not require all drugs in the combination. Herein, we conduct multi-omic analyses of orthotopic TNBC patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) treated with single agent carboplatin, docetaxel, or the combination. Combination responses were usually no better than the best single agent, with enhanced response in only [~]13% of PDX, and apparent antagonism in a comparable percentage. Single-omic comparisons showed largely non-overlapping results between genes associated with single agent and combination treatments that could be validated in independent patient cohorts. Multi-omic analyses of PDXs identified agent-specific biomarkers/biomarker combinations, nominating high Cytokeratin-5 (KRT5) as a general marker of responsiveness. Notably, integrating proteomic with transcriptomic data improved predictive modeling of pathologic complete response to combination chemotherapy. PDXs refractory to all treatments were enriched for signatures of dysregulated mitochondrial function. Targeting this process indirectly in a PDX with HDAC inhibition plus chemotherapy in vivo overcomes chemoresistance. These results suggest possible resistance mechanisms and therapeutic strategies in TNBC to overcome chemoresistance, and potentially allow optimization of chemotherapeutic regimens.

HighlightsO_LIMinable multi-omic resource of baseline TNBC PDX tumors matched with single and combination chemotherapy responses yields candidate resistance mechanisms and potentially targetable processes
C_LIO_LICombination carboplatin/docetaxel is largely ineffective at enhancing response versus the best single agent in TNBC PDXs, and they can antagonize one another in some PDXs
C_LIO_LIProteomics data enhances predictions of platinum- and taxane-based chemotherapy response
C_LIO_LITargeted agents can enhance chemotherapy response in TNBC PDXs
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lei, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobrolecki, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srinivasan, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasaikar, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sallas, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landua, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moon, C. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hilsenbeck, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osborne, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rimawi, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellis, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petrosyan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saltzman, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malovannaya, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wulf, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marangoni, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kraushaar, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Damodaran, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meric-Bernstam, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Echeverria, G. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anurag, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welm, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welm, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.09.627518</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Patient-Derived Xenografts of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Enable Deconvolution and Prediction of Chemotherapy Responses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.10.627860v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mapping Global Causal Responses to Noninvasive Modulation of Genetically and Spatially Targeted Neural Populations with Sonogenetic-fPET 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.10.627860v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite significant progress in brain circuit mapping over recent decades, a major challenge remains: no method currently allows for the noninvasive modulation of genetically and spatially defined neural populations while simultaneously monitoring their global effects throughout the brain and body. Here, we present sonogenetic-fPET, a technique that integrates sonogenetics with [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose functional positron emission tomography (FDG-fPET) to overcome this challenge. Sonogenetics enables noninvasive, spatially targeted modulation of neurons genetically engineered to express the ultrasound-sensitive ion channel TRPV1, while FDG-fPET captures glucose metabolic changes triggered by this stimulation across the brain and body. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique by targeting neurons in the dorsal striatum, showcasing its capability to map global network responses to specific neuronal activation. Incorporating an acoustic hologram for sonogenetics further enables flexible modulation of different brain regions within a single mouse while concurrently mapping the resulting network activity. In summary, sonogenetic-fPET offers a tool for dissecting the global responses of the brain and body to the noninvasive modulation of genetically and spatially defined neuronal populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weixel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yue, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.10.627860</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mapping Global Causal Responses to Noninvasive Modulation of Genetically and Spatially Targeted Neural Populations with Sonogenetic-fPET]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.11.627943v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Simulating Alpha Particle Doses at the Micron Scale from Prostate Cancer Patient Derived Bone Metastatic Biopsies Using GATE 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.11.627943v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Radiopharmaceutical therapies are poised to enhance patient care for several currently untreatable metastatic cancers. Radium-223 dichloride citrate is indicated for treatment of bone metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer, serving as the primary use of alpha particle emitting radium to irradiate bone lesions. Improvements and refinement of such therapies relies on patient centric and micro scale quantification to assess and compare efficacy. Computational modeling and Monte Carlo simulations provide a valuable tool for understanding micro scale phenomena of radiopharmaceutical therapies. Via simulation, we undertake and illuminate dose profiles of radium-223 dichloride treatment, evaluating energy and dose distributions based on primary, patient-derived specimens. A set of four activity distributions were simulated on three patient bone lesion biopsy samples. These simulations validate the novel tool for micron-scale modeling with patient-derived specimens. Ablative dose profiles are shown to be driven by uptake distributions as well as the target tissues microstructure.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Said, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamdi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salerno, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benabdallah, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turtle, N. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abou, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mikell, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thorek, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.11.627943</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Simulating Alpha Particle Doses at the Micron Scale from Prostate Cancer Patient Derived Bone Metastatic Biopsies Using GATE]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.13.628443v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Domain Structure and Interface Control of Mechanical Stiffness in Sustainable Cellulose Bio-nanocomposites 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.13.628443v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Renewable and biodegradable plastics derived from soy protein isolate (SPI) offer a promising alternative to conventional petroleum-based plastics, particularly for film-grade bioplastics applications such as plastic bags. However, even with reinforcement from cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), their mechanical properties including stiffness lag behind those of petroleum-based plastics. To identify pathways for improving CNC-reinforced SPI composites, we studied stiffening mechanisms by interpreting experimental data using homogenization models that accounted for CNC agglomeration and the formation of CNC/SPI interphases. To model effects of surface modification of CNCs with polydopamine (polyDOPA), we incorporated two key mechanisms: enhanced CNC dispersion and modified CNC-SPI interfacial interactions. Models accounted for interphases surrounding CNCs, arising from physicochemical interactions with the polyDOPA-modified CNC surfaces. Consistent wih experimental observations of polyDOPA modification enhancing mechanical properties through both increased spatial distribution of CNCs and matrix-filler interactions, results demonstrated that improved dispersion and interfacial bonding contribute to increased composite stiffness. Results highlight the potential of biodegradable CNC/SPI bio-nanocomposites as sustainable plastic alternatives, and suggest pathways for further enhancing their mechanical properties.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldberg, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foston, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genin, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.13.628443</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Domain Structure and Interface Control of Mechanical Stiffness in Sustainable Cellulose Bio-nanocomposites]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.22.629992v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A signaling inspired synthetic toolkit for efficient production of tyrosine phosphorylated proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.22.629992v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tyrosine phosphorylation is an important post-translational modification that regulates many biochemical signaling networks in multicellular organisms. To date, 46,000 tyrosines have been observed in human proteins, but relatively little is known about the function and regulation of most of these sites. A major challenge has been producing recombinant phosphoproteins in order to test the effects of phosphorylation. Mutagenesis to acidic amino acids often fails to replicate the size and charge of a phosphorylated tyrosine residue and synthetic amino acid incorporation has high cost with relatively low yield. Here, we demonstrate an approach, inspired by how native tyrosine kinases find targets in cells - through a secondary targeting interaction, augmenting innate catalytic specificity of a tyrosine kinase, without overriding it. We engineered complementary vector systems for multiple approaches to producing high yields of phosphoprotein products in E. coli. Here, we test phosphorylation as a function of the targeting interaction (an SH3-polyproline sequence) affinity, different reaction methods across kinases of different specificity. This system presents an inexpensive and tractable system to producing phosphoproteins and phosphopeptides and we demonstrate how it can be used for testing antibody specificity on targets of EGFR and PD-1. This methodology is a generalizable approach for enhancing the enzymatic action on a recombinant protein via the flexibility of in vitro reactions and co-expression approaches. We refer to this as SISA-KiT, for Signaling Inspired Synthetically Augmented Kinase Toolkit.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ryan, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Portelance, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newman, G. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shekharan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaberg, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilmore, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sprung, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Townsend, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naegle, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.22.629992</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A signaling inspired synthetic toolkit for efficient production of tyrosine phosphorylated proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.23.630133v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lipid bilayers determine the allostery but not intrinsic affinity of cAMP binding to pacemaker channels 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.23.630133v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), a second messenger, binds to hyperpolarization and cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) ion channels and regulates the automaticity of pacemaking activity. While cellular studies suggest that cAMP binding to HCN channels exhibits unusual cooperativity, recent findings using purified detergent-solubilized channels indicate independent binding to each subunit. This discrepancy raises the question of whether the lipid environment or endogenous cellular cofactors influence cAMP-dependent gating. To address this, we reconstituted purified human HCN channels in nanodiscs and resolved cAMP binding energetics at single-molecule resolution using nanophotonic waveguides. Our measurements reveal that, in contrast to detergent-solubilized channels, cAMP binds cooperatively to HCN channels reconstituted in a variety of lipid nanodiscs. Remarkably, the presence of lipid bilayer promotes ligand-binding allostery but not intrinsic binding affinity. To explore the molecular basis of bilayer-induced allostery, we determine the cryo-EM structure of HCN1 in soy polar lipid nanodiscs at a nominal resolution of 3.77 [A] resolution. Although the overall architecture is conserved, the average interfacial distance between the transmembrane domain and C-terminal domain of neighboring subunits are shorter in lipid nanodiscs. These findings indicate that the lipid bilayer regulates the function of pacemaker ion channels by enhancing inter-subunit interactions and underscore the fundamental role of membranes in amplifying the gating sensitivity of ion channels by promoting long-range cooperative interactions.

Significance StatementLipid membranes are essential for the structure and function of membrane proteins, including ion channels. Lipid mimetics, such as non-ionic detergents, are widely used as surrogates for the membrane environment in structural and biophysical studies. Here, we demonstrate that while the overall structure of the pacemaker ion channel remains similar, lipid membranes--unlike detergents--promote cooperative ligand-binding transitions by modifying interactions at intersubunit interfaces. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism of ion channel regulation by lipid membranes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Idikuda, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy Chowdhury, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldsmith, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chanda, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.23.630133</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lipid bilayers determine the allostery but not intrinsic affinity of cAMP binding to pacemaker channels]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.27.630454v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cellular Function of a Biomolecular Condensate Is Determined by Its Ultrastructure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.27.630454v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biomolecular condensates play key roles in the spatiotemporal regulation of cellular processes. Yet, the relationship between atomic features and condensate function remains poorly understood. We studied this relationship using the polar organizing protein Z (PopZ) as a model system, revealing how its material properties and cellular function depend on its ultrastructure. We revealed PopZs hierarchical assembly into a filamentous condensate by integrating cryo-electron tomography, biochemistry, single-molecule techniques, and molecular dynamics simulations. The helical domain drives filamentation and condensation, while the disordered domain inhibits them. Phase-dependent conformational changes prevent interfilament contacts in the dilute phase and expose client binding sites in the dense phase. These findings establish a multiscale framework that links molecular interactions and condensate ultrastructure to macroscopic material properties that drive cellular function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scholl, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyd, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Latham, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salazar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boeynaems, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lander, G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sali, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deniz, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lasker, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.27.630454</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cellular Function of a Biomolecular Condensate Is Determined by Its Ultrastructure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.28.630634v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell analysis of the epigenome and 3D chromatin architecture in the human retina 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.28.630634v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most genetic risk variants linked to ocular diseases are non-protein coding and presumably contribute to disease through dysregulation of gene expression, however, deeper understanding of their mechanisms of action has been impeded by an incomplete annotation of the transcriptional regulatory elements across different retinal cell types. To address this knowledge gap, we carried out single-cell multiomics assays to investigate gene expression, chromatin accessibility, DNA methylome and 3D chromatin architecture in human retina, macula, and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/choroid. We identified 420,824 unique candidate regulatory elements and characterized their chromatin states in 23 sub-classes of retinal cells. Comparative analysis of chromatin landscapes between human and mouse retina cells further revealed both evolutionarily conserved and divergent retinal gene-regulatory programs. Leveraging the rapid advancements in deep-learning techniques, we developed sequence-based predictors to interpret non-coding risk variants of retina diseases. Our study establishes retina-wide, single-cell transcriptome, epigenome, and 3D genome atlases, and provides a resource for studying the gene regulatory programs of the human retina and relevant diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biswas, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zemke, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D Antonio, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartosik, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchanan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lancione, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibbs, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ecker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frazer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preissl, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayyagari, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.28.630634</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell analysis of the epigenome and 3D chromatin architecture in the human retina]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.31.630854v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
scRepertoire 2: Enhanced and Efficient Toolkit for Single-Cell Immune Profiling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.31.630854v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-cell adaptive immune receptor repertoire sequencing (scAIRR-seq) and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) provide a transformative approach to profiling immune responses at unprecedented resolution across diverse pathophysiologic contexts. This work presents scRepertoire 2, a substantial update to our R package for analyzing and visualizing single-cell immune receptor data. This new version introduces an array of features designed to enhance both the depth and breadth of immune receptor analysis, including improved workflows for clonotype tracking, repertoire diversity metrics, and novel visualization modules that facilitate longitudinal and comparative studies. Additionally, scRepertoire 2 offers seamless integration with contemporary single-cell analysis frameworks like Seurat and SingleCellExperiment, allowing users to conduct end-to-end immune profiling with transcriptomic data. Performance optimizations in scRepertoire 2 substantially reduce computational time and memory usage, addressing the demands of the ever-increasing size and scale of single-cell studies. This release marks an advancement in single-cell immunogenomics, equipping researchers with a robust toolset to uncover immune dynamics in health and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Safina, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borcherding, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.31.630854</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[scRepertoire 2: Enhanced and Efficient Toolkit for Single-Cell Immune Profiling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.31.630927v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Circuit dynamics of approach-avoidance conflict in humans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.31.630927v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Debilitating anxiety is pervasive in the modern world. Choices to approach or avoid are common in everyday life and excessive avoidance is a cardinal feature of anxiety disorders. Here, we used intracranial EEG to define a distributed prefrontal-limbic circuit supporting approach and avoidance. Presurgical epilepsy patients (n=20) performed a continuous-choice, approach-avoidance conflict decision-making task inspired by the arcade game Pac-Man, where patients trade-off harvesting rewards against potential losses from attack by the ghost. As patients approached increasing rewards and threats, we found evidence of a limbic circuit mediated by increased theta power in the hippocampus, amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), that drops rapidly during avoidance. Theta band connectivity within this circuit and with the lateral prefrontal cortex increases during approach and falls during avoidance, and amygdala and lateral frontal activity granger-caused the theta oscillations in both the OFC and ACC. Importantly, the degree of network connectivity predicted how long patients approach, with enhanced network synchronicity extending approach times. Finally, when threat is imminent, the system dynamically switches to a sustained increase in high-frequency activity (70-150Hz) in the middle frontal gyrus (MFG), tracking the degree of threat. The results provide evidence for a distributed prefrontal-limbic circuit, mediated by theta oscillations and high frequency activity, underlying approach-avoidance conflict in humans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Staveland, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oberschulte, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim-McManus, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willie, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunner, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dastjerdi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.31.630927</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Circuit dynamics of approach-avoidance conflict in humans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.31.630923v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure of an LGR dimer - an evolutionary predecessor of glycoprotein hormone receptors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.31.630923v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The glycoprotein hormones of humans, produced in the pituitary and acting through receptors in the gonads to support reproduction and in the thyroid gland for metabolism, have co-evolved from invertebrate counterparts1,2. These hormones are heterodimeric cystine-knot proteins; and their receptors bind the cognate hormone at an extracellular domain and transmit the signal of this binding through a transmembrane domain that interacts with a heterotrimeric G protein. Structures determined for the human receptors as isolated for cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) are all monomeric3-6 despite compelling evidence for their functioning as dimers7-10. Here we describe the cryo-EM structure of the homologous receptor from a neuroendocrine pathway that promotes growth in a nematode11. This structure is an asymmetric dimer that can be activated by the hormone from that worm12, and it shares features especially like those of the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR). When studied in the context of the human homologs, this dimer provides a structural explanation for the transactivation evident from functional complementation of binding-deficient and signaling-deficient receptors7, for the negative cooperativity in hormone action that is manifest in the 1:2 asymmetry of primary TSH:TSHR complexes8,9, and for switches in G-protein usage that occur as 2:2 complexes form9,10.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gong, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kloss, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clarke, O. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, Q. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hendrickson, W. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.31.630923</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure of an LGR dimer - an evolutionary predecessor of glycoprotein hormone receptors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.01.631018v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The sex-specific effects of RAGE signaling and Type 2 Diabetes on mouse cortical bone mechanics, structure, and material properties 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.01.631018v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are prone to fracture at numerous skeletal sites despite presenting with a higher bone mineral density (BMD). The accumulation of Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs) in the bone tissues of patients with T2D could be contributing to this paradox, of increased skeletal fragility with higher BMD. AGEs can impair bone cell homeostasis via the receptor for AGEs (RAGE). To investigate the effects of diabetes, AGE accumulation, and RAGE signaling on mouse cortical bone, we utilized male and female leptin receptor-deficient (db/db) mice from three age groups ranging from 3-14 months of age, which were crossed with animals carrying constitutively RAGE-deficient alleles (RAGE-/-). The morphological, mechanical and material outcomes were measured using microCT, 3-pt bending, and an AGE assay. We observed significant impairments dependent on age and sex to the bone matrix and whole-bone mechanical behavior due to diabetes with some impairments alleviated with the ablation of RAGE. In older female diabetic mice, the removal of RAGE signaling prevented the deficits in bone mechanics, morphology and tissue mineral density (TMD). Male diabetic mice without RAGE signaling exhibited improved material properties. The study demonstrated that some bone impairments associated with T2D are prevented with RAGE ablation and may be partially reversible with the inhibition of RAGE signaling.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=145 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/631018v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hung, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Broz, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walk, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.01.631018</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The sex-specific effects of RAGE signaling and Type 2 Diabetes on mouse cortical bone mechanics, structure, and material properties]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.01.631040v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GENETIC ANALYSIS OF ARABIDOPSIS AUTOPHAGY-RELATED 8 FAMILY PROTEINS REVEALS THEIR REDUNDANT AND REGULATORY ROLES IN PLANT AUTOPHAGY 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.01.631040v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Autophagy, a critical process for the vacuolar degradation of proteins and organelles, is governed by multiple conserved autophagy-related (ATG) proteins. The central component of the ATG machinery is the ubiquitin-like protein ATG8, which is essential for multiple steps of the autophagy process, including phagophore expansion, autophagosome closure, trafficking and fusion with the lysosome/vacuole, and selective cargo recruitment. Currently, our understanding of the roles of ATG8 in plant autophagy and the functional specialization of ATG8 family members is limited due to genetic redundancy. To assess the roles of ATG8 genes in plant autophagy, here we used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to systematically knockout the Arabidopsis ATG8 genes. By analyzing the atg8 mutants, we found that in contrast to mammalian ATG8s, in which the LC3s and GABARAP subfamilies play distinct roles in the autophagic process, Arabidopsis ATG8s perform an overlapping function in controlling autophagic flux. Combinatorial mutations of Clade I and Clade II ATG8s resulted in severely impaired autophagy under nutrient-starved conditions. Furthermore, we found that RABG3 proteins, members of the RAB7/RABG GTPase family, interact with ATG8s through AIM-LDS interfaces, and that such interaction is essential for the association of RABG3 proteins with the autophagosomal membrane and probably for the fusion of autophagosome with the vacuole, but is not required for endosomal trafficking. With the collection of multiple high-order atg8 mutants generated in this study, we now provide a venue to study the roles of ATG8 genes in canonical autophagy and non-canonical autophagy in Arabidopsis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dong, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ueda, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vierstra, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.01.631040</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GENETIC ANALYSIS OF ARABIDOPSIS AUTOPHAGY-RELATED 8 FAMILY PROTEINS REVEALS THEIR REDUNDANT AND REGULATORY ROLES IN PLANT AUTOPHAGY]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.02.631125v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FGF12A Regulates Nav1.5 via CaM-regulated and CaM-independent Mechanisms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.02.631125v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Opening of the cardiac voltage-gated Na+ channel (Nav1.5) is responsible for robust depolarization of the cardiac action potential, while inactivation, which rapidly follows, allows for repolarization. Regulation of both the voltage- and time-dependent kinetics of Nav1.5 inactivation can alter the ability of the heart to initiate and sustain a re-entrant arrhythmia. The C-terminal domain (CTD) of Nav1.5 has been shown to modulate fast inactivation of the channel, and multiple auxiliary proteins bind to the CTD, including calmodulin (CaM) and intracellular fibroblast growth factor 12A (FGF12A). Recently, a non-canonical CaM-binding site was also discovered on the N-terminal of A-splice variants of iFGFs. We performed cut-open Vaseline gap (COVG) voltage-clamp to test whether FGF12A with and without CaM regulates Nav1.5 gating. In WT Nav1.5 channels, FGF12A with and without CaM present had a minimal effect on the voltage dependence of both activation and inactivation. Conversely, when CaM is absent on the Nav1.5 CTD (IQ/AA), a dramatic shift in steady-state inactivation (SSI) occurred, regardless of whether CaM was present on FGF12A. These two distinct mechanisms are operative in Nav1.5 LQT3 mutations where FGF12A requires CaM to shift in the voltage-dependence of inactivation, but not to inhibit the persistent late current. We conclude that there are two distinct mechanisms by which FGF12A modulates the Nav1.5 channel: CaM-regulated alteration of the voltage dependence of inactivation and CaM-independent inhibition of persistent late current.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Woodbury, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angsutararux, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marras, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abella, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.02.631125</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FGF12A Regulates Nav1.5 via CaM-regulated and CaM-independent Mechanisms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.03.631264v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Parenteral Vaccination with recombinant EtpA glycoprotein impairs enterotoxigenic E. coli colonization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.03.631264v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) cause hundreds of millions of cases of acute diarrheal illness in low-middle income regions, disproportionately in young children. To date there is no licensed, broadly protective vaccine to protect against these common but antigenically heterogeneous pathogens. One of the more highly conserved antigens of ETEC, EtpA, is an extracellular glycoprotein adhesin that preferentially binds to blood group A glycans on intestinal epithelia. EtpA contributes to increased severity of illness in blood group A individuals, elicits robust serologic and fecal antibody responses following infection, and has been associated with protection against subsequent infection. However, its utility as a protective antigen needs further examination. In the present studies we examined whether parenteral vaccination with recombinant EtpA (rEtpA) could afford protection against intestinal colonization in a murine model of ETEC infection. Here, we demonstrate that intramuscular vaccination with rEtpA when adjuvanted with double mutant LT (dmLT) primes IgG predominant mucosal antibody responses to ETEC challenge. Notably, however, both antibody levels and avidity, as well as protection were dependent on vaccination schedule. Likewise, by electron microscopy polyclonal epitope mapping (EMPEM) we observed a greater diversity of epitopes targeted by antibodies after a more protracted vaccination schedule. Next, we explored the utility of IM immunization with alum-adjuvanted rEtpA. This elicited strong serologic and fecal IgG responses. Although accompanied by negligible IgA mucosal responses, EtpA alum-adjuvanted IM vaccination nevertheless protected against ETEC intestinal colonization. Collectively, these data suggest that EtpA could expand the portfolio of antigens targeted in ETEC subunit vaccine development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vickers, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buckley, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khatoon, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheikh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Setu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berndsen, Z. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleckenstein, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.03.631264</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Parenteral Vaccination with recombinant EtpA glycoprotein impairs enterotoxigenic E. coli colonization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.07.629892v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ATR and PKMYT1 inhibition re-sensitize a subset of TNBC patient-derived models to carboplatin inducing mitotic catastrophe 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.07.629892v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with poor prognosis and is mainly treated with chemotherapy-based regimens, often including carboplatin. Resistance to carboplatin is a common clinical issue that is either initially present or develops with treatment. Overcoming this resistance is a significant clinical challenge, which highlights the need for novel therapeutic strategies. We used a pooled shRNA screening approach with a chemoresistant TNBC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) cell (PDXC) line to identify targets whose knockdown would enhance the efficacy of carboplatin. This screening led to the identification of the ATR (ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related) gene as a key therapeutic vulnerability. Inhibiting ATR with BAY1895344 or AZD6738 re-sensitized carboplatin-resistant PDXCs and PDXs to carboplatin, resulting in an increase in DNA damage, and apoptosis. ATR inhibition disrupts the dependence of carboplatin-resistant cells on the S and G2/M checkpoints for DNA repair, leading to mitotic catastrophe. We further found that the addition of ATR inhibitors to carboplatin reversed a FOXM1-targeted gene program enabling premature passage into mitosis. Moreover, targeting PKMYT1, a regulator of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) controlling the G2/M checkpoint, through knockdown or with the novel PKMYT1 inhibitor RP-6306, also enhanced carboplatin efficacy in our TNBC PDXC. Molecular factors associated with response to the ATR inhibitor/carboplatin combination included low RNA levels of PKMYT1. These results underscore the pivotal roles of ATR and PKMYT1 in mediating resistance to carboplatin in TNBC and support targeting these pathways to overcome carboplatin resistance in this disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guay, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuasne, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chabot, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bozek, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchanan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Majedi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguilar-Mahecha, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bareke, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elebute, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monast, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basik, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.07.629892</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ATR and PKMYT1 inhibition re-sensitize a subset of TNBC patient-derived models to carboplatin inducing mitotic catastrophe]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.07.631688v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NERINE reveals rare variant associations in gene networks across multiple phenotypes and implicates an SNCA-PRL-LRRK2 subnetwork in Parkinson's disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.07.631688v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
There are two primary approaches to study the genetic basis of human phenotypes. Experiments in model systems generate interpretable gene networks but, in isolation, do not establish relevance to the human condition. Statistical genetics identifies relevant association signals at the variant or gene level but lacks tools to test specific mechanistic models, as existing methods do not incorporate the topology of gene-gene interactions. We bridge these two strategies by introducing a method that competitively tests network hypotheses with rare variant associations. A hierarchical model-based association test NERINE for the first time incorporates gene network topology while remaining resilient to network inaccuracies. We demonstrate NERINEs ability to test network hypotheses derived from both canonical pathway databases and model system screens. Comprehensive database-wide search of pathway networks with NERINE uncovers compelling associations for breast cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and type II diabetes, which are undetected by single-gene tests. Testing bespoke networks from experimental screens targeting key PD pathologies: dopaminergic neuron survival and -synuclein pathobiology, NERINE highlights rare variant burden in gene modules related to autophagy, vesicle trafficking, and protein homeostasis. Genome-scale CRISPRi-screening of -synuclein toxicity modifiers in human neurons and NERINE converge on PRL, revealing an intraneuronal -synuclein/prolactin stress response that may impact resilience to PD pathologies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nazeen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morrow, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strom, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ethier, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ritter, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henderson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Afroz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stitziel, N. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luk, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Studer, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khurana, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sunyaev, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.07.631688</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NERINE reveals rare variant associations in gene networks across multiple phenotypes and implicates an SNCA-PRL-LRRK2 subnetwork in Parkinson's disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.09.631762v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Generation and Characterization of a Knockout Mouse of an Enhancer of EBF3 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.09.631762v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genomic studies of autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders have identified several relevant protein-coding and noncoding variants. One gene with an excess of protein-coding de novo variants is EBF3 that also is the gene underlying the Hypotonia, Ataxia, and Delayed Development Syndrome (HADDS). In previous work, we have identified noncoding de novo variants in an enhancer of EBF3 called hs737 and further showed that there was an enrichment of deletions of this enhancer in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders. In this present study, we generated a novel mouse line that deletes the highly conserved, orthologous mouse region of hs737 within the Rr169617 regulatory region, and characterized the molecular and phenotypic aspects of this mouse model. This line contains a 1,160 bp deletion within Rr169617 and through heterozygous crosses we found a deviation from Mendelian expectation (p = 0.02) with a significant depletion of the deletion allele (p = 5.8 x 10-4). Rr169617+/- mice had a reduction of Ebf3 expression by 10% and Rr169617-/- mice had a reduction of Ebf3 expression by 20%. Differential expression analyses in E12.5 forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain in Rr169617+/+versus Rr169617-/- mice identified dysregulated genes including histone genes (i.e., Hist1h1e, Hist1h2bk, Hist1h3i, Hist1h2ao) and other brain development related genes (e.g., Chd5, Ntng1). A priori phenotyping analysis (open field, hole board and light/dark transition) identified sex-specific differences in behavioral traits when comparing Rr169617-/- males versus females; whereby, males were observed to be less mobile, move slower, and spend more time in the dark. Furthermore, both sexes when homozygous for the enhancer deletion displayed body composition differences when compared to wild-type mice. Overall, we show that deletion within Rr169617 reduces the expression of Ebf3 and results in phenotypic outcomes consistent with potential sex specific behavioral differences. This enhancer deletion line provides a valuable resource for others interested in noncoding regions in neurodevelopmental disorders and/or those interested in the gene regulatory network downstream of Ebf3.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hurtado, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wotton, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gulka, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burke, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bah, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manuel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heins, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murray, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorkin, D. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterson, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, T. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.09.631762</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Generation and Characterization of a Knockout Mouse of an Enhancer of EBF3]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.09.632276v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural plate pre-patterning enables specification of intermediate neural progenitors in the spinal cord 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.09.632276v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dorsal-ventral patterning of neural progenitors in the posterior neural tube, which gives rise to the spinal cord, has served as a model system to understand how extracellular signals organize developing tissues. While previous work has shown that signaling gradients diversify progenitor fates at the dorsal and ventral ends of the tissue, the basis of fate specification in intermediate regions has remained unclear. Here we use zebrafish to investigate the neural plate, which precedes neural tube formation, and show that its pre-patterning by a distinct signaling environment enables intermediate fate specification. Systematic spatial analysis of transcription factor (TF) expression and signaling activity using a reference-based mapping approach shows that the neural plate is partitioned into a striking complexity of TF co-expression states that, in part, correspond to the activity of gastrulation signals such as FGF and Wnt that persist through axis extension. Using in toto analysis of cellular movement combined with fate mapping, we find that dbx1b-expressing intermediate progenitors (p0) originate from a neural-plate specific state characterized by transient co-expression of the TFs pax3a, olig4 and her3. Finally, we show that this state is defined by Wnt signaling in the posterior neural plate and that ectopic Wnt activation within pax3a/olig4+ cells is sufficient to promote dbx1b expression. Our data broadly support a model in which neural progenitor specification occurs through the sequential use of multiple signals to progressively diversify the neural tissue as it develops. This has implications for in vitro differentiation of spinal cord cell types and for understanding signal-based patterning in other developmental contexts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nandagopal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cha, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, B. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Comenho, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lahav, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, T. Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Megason, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.09.632276</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural plate pre-patterning enables specification of intermediate neural progenitors in the spinal cord]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.09.632058v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide CRISPR knockout screening with viral replicons for identification of host factors involved in viral replication 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.09.632058v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pooled CRISPR knockout (KO) screens using live viruses are a proven and valuable approach for identifying essential host factors acting across viral life cycles. Here we describe the development of a pooled genome-wide CRISPR KO screening approach using stable viral replicon cell lines to specifically identify host factors essential for viral replication. Virus replicons are non-infectious, therefore enabling the study of highly virulent viruses under standard biosafety level 2 containment. We developed a stable fluorescent dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) replicon cell line to perform a pooled genome-wide FACS-based CRISPR KO screen. This benchmark DENV-2 replicon screen successfully identified host genes previously known to be required for viral DENV-2 replication (e.g., endoplasmic reticulum membrane complex and oligosaccharyltransferase complex components) and confirmed two additional genes (DOHH and ZFP36L2) involved in replication that have not been recovered in prior live virus screens. We applied this replicon screening approach to two highly divergent viruses: chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a positive-sense RNA virus that replicates at the plasma membrane, and Ebola virus (EBOV), a negative-sense RNA virus that replicates in cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. The CHIKV replicon screen identified two genes known to be required for replication (G3BP1 and G3BP2) and several additional, novel genes (CLEC4G, CSDE1, GOLGA7, HNF1A, and PCBD1). We verified two of them (CSDE1 and GOLGA7) in live CHIKV replication assays. A distinct set of genes (EHMT1, EHMT2, and USP7) were recovered in the EBOV replicon screen and were further confirmed using independent transient transfection assays. Thus, viral replicon-based screens provide a useful approach that can be extended to viruses of diverse taxa to identify host pathways essential for viral replication and to uncover potential novel targets for host-directed medical countermeasures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cheng, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhave, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markhard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhatt, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Travisano, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medicielo, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lembirik, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Njoya, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anantpadma, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuhn, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puschnik, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kistler, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.09.632058</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide CRISPR knockout screening with viral replicons for identification of host factors involved in viral replication]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.08.631231v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Markers of mitochondrial function and oxidative metabolism in female skeletal muscle do not display intrinsic circadian regulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.08.631231v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitochondria are key regulators of metabolism and ATP supply in skeletal muscle, while circadian rhythms influence many physiological processes. However, whether mitochondrial function is intrinsically regulated in a circadian manner in mouse skeletal muscle is inadequately understood. Accordingly, we measured post-absorptive transcript abundance of markers of mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, and metabolism (extensor digitorum longus [EDL], soleus, gastrocnemius), protein abundance of electron transport chain complexes (EDL and soleus), enzymatic activity of SDH (tibialis anterior and plantaris), and maximum uncoupled respiration (tibialis anterior) in different skeletal muscles from female C57BL/6NJ mice at four zeitgeber times (ZT), ZT 1, 7, 13, and 19. Our findings demonstrate that markers of mitochondrial function and oxidative metabolism do not display intrinsic time-of-day regulation at the gene, protein, enzymatic, or functional level. The core-clock genes Bmal1 and Dbp exhibited intrinsic circadian rhythmicity in skeletal muscle (i.e., EDL, soleus, gastrocnemius) and circadian amplitude varied by muscle type. These findings demonstrate that female mouse skeletal muscle does not display circadian regulation of markers of mitochondrial function or oxidative metabolism over 24 hours.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fitzgerald, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spurrier, C. S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melamed, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burnett, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gui, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hevener, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanford, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schenk, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.08.631231</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Markers of mitochondrial function and oxidative metabolism in female skeletal muscle do not display intrinsic circadian regulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.12.632622v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modification of Non-photochemical Quenching Pathways in the C4 Model Plant Setaria viridis Revealed Shared and Unique Photoprotection Mechanisms as Compared to C3 Plants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.12.632622v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Light is essential for photosynthesis; however, excess light can increase the accumulation of photoinhibitory reactive oxygen species that reduce photosynthetic efficiency. Plants have evolved photoprotective non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) pathways to dissipate excess light energy. In tobacco and soybean (C3 plants), overexpression of three NPQ genes, violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE), Photosystem II Subunit S (PsbS), and zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP), hereafter VPZ, resulted in faster NPQ induction and relaxation kinetics, and increased crop yields in field conditions. NPQ is well-studied in C3 plants; however, NPQ and the translatability of the VPZ approach in C4 plants is poorly understood. The green foxtail Setaria viridis is an excellent model to study photosynthesis and photoprotection in C4 plants. To understand the regulation of NPQ and photosynthesis in C4 plants, we performed transient overexpression in Setaria protoplasts and generated (and employed) stable transgenic Setaria plants overexpressing one of the three Arabidopsis NPQ genes or all three NPQ genes (AtVPZ lines). Overexpressing (OE) AtVDE and AtZEP in Setaria produced similar results as in C3 plants, with increased or reduced zeaxanthin (thus NPQ), respectively. However, overexpressing AtPsbS appeared to be challenging in Setaria, with largely reduced NPQ in protoplasts and under-represented homozygous AtPsbS-OE lines, potentially due to competitive and tight heterodimerization of AtPsbS and SvPsbS proteins. Furthermore, Setaria AtVPZ lines had increased zeaxanthin, faster NPQ induction, higher NPQ level, but slower NPQ relaxation. Despite this, AtVPZ lines had improved growth as compared to wildtype under several conditions, especially high temperatures, which is not related to the faster relaxation of NPQ but may be attributable to increased zeaxanthin and NPQ in C4 plants. Our results identified shared and unique characteristics of the NPQ pathway in C4 model Setaria as compared to C3 plants and provide insights to improve C4 crop yields under fluctuating environmental conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Milburn, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kosola, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel-Tupper, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acosta-Gamboa, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stone, W. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pardi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hillman, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McHargue, W. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becker, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sumner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bailey, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thielen, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jander, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kane, C. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McAdam, S. A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawton, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nusinow, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gore, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niyogi, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.12.632622</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modification of Non-photochemical Quenching Pathways in the C4 Model Plant Setaria viridis Revealed Shared and Unique Photoprotection Mechanisms as Compared to C3 Plants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.13.632722v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Clustering Digestive Tract Tumors Using Transcriptomic and Mutation Data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.13.632722v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Digestive tract cancers, like most other cancers, are usually categorized based on cell or tissue of origin. Molecular clustering based on the transcriptome often produces the same classification. We developed a new method, Newmanization, to reduce underlying tissue signals from transcriptomic analysis. To test our method, we downloaded data on 1635 samples of digestive tract cancers from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The available data includes transcriptomic data, by RNA-Seq, as well as binary mutation allele frequency data by whole exome sequencing. We compared, using silhouette widths and visualization by dimension reduction plots, the effectiveness of Newmanized transcriptome and mutation data to separate digestive tract cancers. The Newmanized transcriptome clusters have clearer separation and larger average silhouette widths. Feature analysis of each cluster for Newmanized transcriptomic data and mutation data revealed that clusters determined with Newmanized data contained more mRNAs present at higher frequencies than clusters defined by mutation data. This suggests that the Newmanized method holds great potential for advancing personalized transcriptomic medicine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tally, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bombina, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reed, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinne, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abruzzo, L. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coombes, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abrams, Z. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.13.632722</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Clustering Digestive Tract Tumors Using Transcriptomic and Mutation Data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.14.633035v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microbiota assembly of specific pathogen-free neonatal mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.14.633035v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundNeonatal mice are frequently used to model diseases that affect human infants. Microbial community composition has been shown to impact disease progression in these models. Despite this, the maturation of the early-life murine microbiome has not been well-characterized. We address this gap by characterizing the assembly of the bacterial microbiota of C57BL/6 and BALB/c litters from birth to adulthood across multiple independent litters.

ResultsThe fecal microbiome of young pups is simple, dominated by only a few pioneering bacterial taxa. These taxa are present at low levels in the microbiota of multiple maternal body sites, precluding a clear identification of maternal source. The pup microbiota begins diversifying after fourteen days, coinciding with the beginning of coprophagy and the consumption of solid foods. Pup stool bacterial community composition and diversity are not significantly different from dams from day 21 onwards. Short-read shotgun sequencing-based metagenomic profiling of young pups enabled the assembly of metagenome-assembled genomes for strain-level analysis of these pioneer Ligilactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Proteus species.

ConclusionsAssembly of the murine microbiome occurs over the first weeks of postnatal life and is largely complete by day 21. This detailed view of bacterial community development across multiple commonly employed mouse strains informs experimental design, allowing researchers to better target interventions before, during, or after the maturation of the bacterial microbiota. The source of pioneer bacterial strains appears heterogeneous, as the most abundant taxa identified in young pup stool were found at low levels across multiple maternal body sites, suggesting diverse routes for seeding of the murine microbiome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weagley, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeVeaux, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baldridge, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.14.633035</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microbiota assembly of specific pathogen-free neonatal mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.20.633913v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Investigation of the Cyanothece nitrogenase cluster in Synechocystis: a blueprint for engineering nitrogen fixing photoautotrophs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.20.633913v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The nitrogenase gene cluster of unicellular diazotrophic cyanobacteria such as Cyanothece is frequently selected by nature for nitrogen fixing partnerships with eukaryotic phototrophs. The essential cluster components that confer an advantage in such partnerships remain under explored. To use this cluster for the development of synthetic, phototrophic nitrogen-fixing systems, a thorough and systematic analysis of its constituent genes is necessary. An initial effort to assess the possibility of engineering this cluster into non-diazotrophic phototrophs led to the generation of a Synechocystis 6803 strain with significant nitrogenase activity. In the current study, a refactoring approach was taken to determine the dispensability of the non-structural genes in the cluster and to define a minimal gene set for constructing a functional nitrogenase for phototrophs. Using a bottom-up strategy, the nif genes from Cyanothece 51142 were re-organized to form new operons. The genes were then seamlessly removed to determine their essentiality in the nitrogen fixation process. We demonstrate that besides the structural genes nifHDK, nifBSUENPVZTXW as well as hesAB are important for optimal nitrogenase function in a phototroph. We also show that optimal expression of these genes is crucial for efficient nitrogenase activity. Our findings provide a solid foundation for generating synthetic systems that will facilitate solar powered conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogen rich compounds, a stride towards a greener world.

IMPORTANCEIntegrating nitrogen fixation genes into various photosynthetic organisms is an exciting strategy for converting atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogen rich products in a green and energy efficient way. In order to facilitate this process, it is essential that we understand the fundamentals of the functioning of a prokaryotic nitrogen fixing machinery in a non-diazotrophic, photoautotrophic cell. This study examines a nitrogenase gene cluster that has been naturally selected on multiple occasions for a nitrogen fixing partnership by eukaryotic photoautotrophs and provides a basic blueprint for designing a photosynthetic organism with nitrogen fixing ability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bandyopadhyay, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liberton, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pakrasi, H. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharyya-Pakrasi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.20.633913</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Investigation of the Cyanothece nitrogenase cluster in Synechocystis: a blueprint for engineering nitrogen fixing photoautotrophs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.20.633817v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Longitudinal Trajectories of Cognition and Neural Metrics as Predictors of Persistent Distressing Psychotic-Like Experiences Across Middle Childhood and Early Adolescence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.20.633817v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectivesPsychotic-like experiences (PLEs) may arise from genetic and environmental risk leading to worsening cognitive and neural metrics over time, which in turn lead to worsening PLEs. Persistence and distress are factors that distinguish more clinically significant PLEs. Analyses used three waves of unique longitudinal Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study data (ages 9-13) to test whether changes in cognition and structural neural metrics attenuate associations between genetic and environmental risk with persistent distressing PLEs.

MethodsMultigroup univariate latent growth models examined three waves of cognitive metrics and global structural neural metrics separately for three PLE groups: persistent distressing PLEs (n=356), transient distressing PLEs (n=408), and low-level PLEs (n=7901). Models then examined whether changes in cognitive and structural neural metrics over time attenuated associations between genetic liability (i.e., schizophrenia polygenic risk scores/family history) or environmental risk scores (e.g., poverty) and PLE groups.

ResultsPersistent distressing PLEs showed greater decreases (i.e., more negative slopes) of cognition and neural metrics over time compared to those in low-level PLE groups. Associations between environmental risk and persistent distressing PLEs were attenuated when accounting for lowered scores over time on cognitive (e.g., picture vocabulary) and to a lesser extent neural (e.g., cortical thickness, volume) metrics.

ConclusionsAnalyses provide novel evidence for extant theories that worsening cognition and global structural metrics may partially account for associations between environmental risk with persistent distressing PLEs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Karcher, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kilciksiz, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schiffman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agrawal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bogdan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barch, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.20.633817</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Longitudinal Trajectories of Cognition and Neural Metrics as Predictors of Persistent Distressing Psychotic-Like Experiences Across Middle Childhood and Early Adolescence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.21.634079v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Small molecule-mediated targeted protein degradation of voltage-gated sodium channels involved in pain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.21.634079v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC) NaV1.8 and NaV1.7 (NaVs) have emerged as promising and high-value targets for the development of novel, non-addictive analgesics to combat the chronic pain epidemic. In recent years, many small molecule inhibitors against these channels have been developed. The recent successful clinical trial of VX-548, a NaV1.8-selective inhibitor, has spurred much interest in expanding the arsenal of subtype-selective voltage-gated sodium channel therapeutics. Toward that end, we sought to determine whether NaVs are amenable to targeted protein degradation with small molecule degraders, namely proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) and molecular glues. Here, we report that degron-tagged NaVs are potently and rapidly degraded by small molecule degraders harnessing the E3 ubiquitin ligases cereblon (CRBN) and Von Hippel Lindau (VHL). Using LC/MS analysis, we demonstrate that PROTAC-mediated proximity between NaV1.8 and CRBN results in ubiquitination on the 2nd intracellular loop, pointing toward a potential mechanism of action and demonstrating the ability of CRBN to recognize a VGSC as a neosubstrate. Our foundational findings are an important first step toward realizing the immense potential of NaV-targeting degrader analgesics to combat chronic pain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chamessian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payne, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gereau, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.21.634079</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Small molecule-mediated targeted protein degradation of voltage-gated sodium channels involved in pain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.21.634109v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mapping brain function underlying naturalistic motor observation and imitation using high-density diffuse optical tomography 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.21.634109v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundAutism spectrum disorder (ASD), a condition defined by deficits in social communication, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors, is associated with early impairments in motor imitation that persist through childhood and into adulthood. Alterations in the mirror neuron system (MNS), crucial for interpreting and imitating actions, may underlie these ASD-associated differences in motor imitation. High-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT) overcomes logistical challenges of functional magnetic resonance imaging to enable identification of neural substrates of naturalistic motor imitation.

ObjectiveWe aim to investigate brain function underlying motor observation and imitation in autistic and non-autistic adults. We hypothesize that HD-DOT will reveal greater activation in regions associated with the MNS during motor imitation than motor observation, and that MNS activity will negatively correlate with autistic traits and motor fidelity.

MethodsWe imaged brain function using HD-DOT in N = 100 participants as they engaged in observing or imitating a sequence of arm movements. Additionally, during imitation, participant movements were simultaneously recorded with 3D cameras for computer-vision-based assessment of motor imitation (CAMI). Cortical responses were estimated using general linear models, and multiple regression was used to test for associations with autistic traits, assessed via the Social Responsiveness Scale-2 (SRS), and imitation fidelity, assessed via CAMI.

ResultsBoth observing and imitating motor movements elicited significant activations in higher-order visual and MNS regions, including the inferior parietal lobule, superior temporal gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus. Imitation additionally exhibited greater activation in the superior parietal lobule, primary motor cortex, and supplementary motor area. Notably, the right temporal-parietal junction exhibited activation during observation but not during imitation. Higher autistic traits were associated with increased activation during motor observation in the right superior parietal lobule. No significant correlation between brain activation and CAMI scores was observed.

ConclusionsOur findings provide robust evidence of shared and task-specific cortical responses underlying motor observation and imitation, emphasizing the differential engagement of MNS regions during motor observation and imitation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sobolewski, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMorrow, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pacheco, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rochowiak, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniels-Day, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Speh, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lidstone, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santra, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crocetti, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nebel, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuncgenc, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vidal, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marrus, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mostofsky, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eggebrecht, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.21.634109</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mapping brain function underlying naturalistic motor observation and imitation using high-density diffuse optical tomography]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.22.634362v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Macrophage depletion restores the DRG microenvironment and prevents axon degeneration in bortezomib-induced neuropathy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.22.634362v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Peripheral neuropathy is a common and debilitating side effect of the chemotherapeutic bortezomib (BTZ). To explore the mechanisms underlying BTZ-induced neuropathy (BIPN), we developed a mouse model that replicates the route of administration and approximates the prolonged BTZ exposure experienced by patients. We find that male mice treated with BTZ experience more severe sensorimotor dysfunction and axon loss compared to females and observed similar results when analyzing human data. Using single cell RNA-sequencing, we reveal that BTZ significantly alters the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) microenvironment in mice, producing pronounced sex-specific changes in satellite glial cells (SGCs) in males and females and dysregulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), particularly in males. These changes are accompanied by expansion of macrophages, which is more pronounced in males. We identify four macrophage subtypes in the DRG, including a pro-fibrotic population that is exclusively associated with BIPN. Depletion of macrophages via anti-CSF1R treatment in male mice prevents BTZ-induced SGC activation and aberrant collagen deposition in DRGs, potently preserves peripheral axons, and improves functional outcomes. These findings highlight SGCs, neuroinflammation and dysregulation of the ECM as drivers of sex-specific differences in BIPN and suggest that targeting neuroinflammation is a promising therapeutic strategy to treat this disease.

One Sentence SummaryInflammation and neurofibrosis in DRGs underlie sex-specific differences in bortezomib-induced neuropathy and are promising treatment targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thomsen, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thebeau, C. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, V. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schulze, N. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avraham, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koneru, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geier, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landon, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pelea, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cavalli, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geisler, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.22.634362</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Macrophage depletion restores the DRG microenvironment and prevents axon degeneration in bortezomib-induced neuropathy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.29.635570v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deep-learning based Embedding of Functional Connectivity Profiles for Precision Functional Mapping 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.29.635570v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spatial correlation of functional connectivity profiles across matching anatomical locations in individuals is often calculated to delineate individual differences in functional networks. Likewise, spatial correlation is assessed across average functional connectivity profiles of groups to evaluate the maturity of functional networks during development. Despite its widespread use, spatial correlation is limited to comparing two samples at a time. In this study, we employed a variational autoencoder to embed functional connectivity profiles from various anatomical locations, individuals, and group averages for simultaneous comparison. We demonstrate that our variational autoencoder, with pre-trained weights, can project new functional connectivity profiles from the vertex space to a latent space with as few as two dimensions, yet still retain meaningful global and local structures in the data. Functional connectivity profiles from various functional networks occupy distinct compartments of the latent space. Moreover, the variability of functional connectivity profiles from the same anatomical location is readily captured in the latent space. We believe that this approach could be useful for visualization and exploratory analyses in precision functional mapping.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luckett, P. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adeyemo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shimony, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elison, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eggebrecht, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wheelock, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.29.635570</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deep-learning based Embedding of Functional Connectivity Profiles for Precision Functional Mapping]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.30.635595v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microglial plasticity governed by state-specific enhancer landscapes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.30.635595v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-cell transcriptomic studies have identified distinct microglial subpopulations with shared and divergent gene signatures across development, aging and disease. Whether these microglial subsets represent ontogenically separate lineages of cells, or they are manifestations of plastic changes of microglial states downstream of some converging signals is unknown. Furthermore, despite the well-established role of enhancer landscapes underlying the identity of microglia, to what extent histone modifications and DNA methylation regulate microglial state switches at enhancers have not been defined. Here, using genetic fate mapping, we demonstrate the common embryonic origin of proliferative-region-associated microglia (PAM) enriched in developing white matter, and track their dynamic transitions into disease-associated microglia (DAM) and white matter-associated microglia (WAM) states in disease and aging contexts, respectively. This study links spatiotemporally discrete microglial states through their transcriptomic and epigenomic plasticity, while revealing state-specific histone modification profiles that govern state switches in health and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hamagami, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kapadia, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abduljawad, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McLaughlin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singhania, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barclay, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bayguinov, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabel, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.30.635595</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microglial plasticity governed by state-specific enhancer landscapes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.30.635705v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Digging into the general dynamic model: Island ontogeny predicts shifting micro-evolutionary processes in a Mascarene flowering plant radiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.30.635705v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWIsland studies have been integral in the development of process-oriented biodiversity models such as the general dynamic model (GDM) of oceanic island biogeography. While empirical tests of the GDM primarily come from phylogeographic studies, tests incorporating comprehensive population-level sampling of island radiations are rare. In this study, we elucidate the evolutionary processes driving the diversification of Hibiscus section Lilibiscus in the Mascarene archipelago using population-level sampling and 2bRAD sequencing. Our goals were to: 1) assess species relationships and resolve taxonomic issues; 2) test patterns of intra- and interspecific genetic differentiation under a model of shifting speciation processes as islands age; and 3) utilize demographic modeling to infer the relative divergence times of populations in the archipelago. We found the Mascarene radiation of sect. Lilibiscus to be monophyletic and confirmed the presence of six morphologically distinct species. Species richness and phylogenetic relationships supported the expectations of the GDM. Namely, we found that morphologically similar populations of the same species on the intermediate-aged island, Mauritius, diverged earlier and showed greater divergence than morphologically disparate species on the youngest Mascarene island, Reunion. These patterns are consistent with the hypothesis that ecological selection may be affecting speciation on the youngest island, drift may be the most important force on the middle-aged island. Although not tested here, given that the oldest island is in a late stage of subsidence, extinction may be the most important evolution force occurring on the oldest island, consistent with the expectation that evolutionary processes occurring across each of these islands may be influenced by ontogenetic stage. We also found evidence that some species in the group may be naturally rare, suggesting that the rarity of species may not only be from recent habitat loss. Our study is the first to use population-level data to test complex predictions of the GDM and demonstrate that the most important evolutionary processes shift depending on island ontogeny.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mashburn, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Linan, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Pechon, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sevathian, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olsen, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.30.635705</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Digging into the general dynamic model: Island ontogeny predicts shifting micro-evolutionary processes in a Mascarene flowering plant radiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.31.635969v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In vivo targeted gene delivery using Adenovirus-antibody molecular glue conjugates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.31.635969v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Safe and efficient nucleic acid delivery to targeted cell populations remains a significant unmet need in the fields of cell and gene therapy. Towards this end, we pursued Adenoviral vectors genetically modified with the "DogTag" molecular glue peptide, which forms a spontaneous covalent bond with its partner protein, "DogCatcher". Genetic fusion of DogCatcher to single-domain or single-chain antibodies allowed covalent tethering of the antibody at defined locales on the vector capsid. This modification allowed simple, effective and exclusive targeting of the vector to cells bound by the linked antibody. This dramatically enhanced gene transfer into primary B and T cells in vitro and in vivo in mice. These studies form the basis of a novel method for targeting Adenovirus that is functional in stringent in vivo contexts and can be combined with additional well characterized Adenovirus modifications towards applications in cell engineering, gene therapy, vaccines, oncolytics, and others.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rice-Boucher, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kashentseva, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dmitriev, I. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tremblay, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shoemaker, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curiel, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Z. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.31.635969</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In vivo targeted gene delivery using Adenovirus-antibody molecular glue conjugates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.31.636010v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A brainstem-thalamic circuitry for affective-motivational responses to cold pain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.31.636010v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The medial thalamus is crucial for the sensory and affective-motivational responses to chronic pain. However, a mechanistic understanding of how the distinct subnuclei of the medial thalamus mediate behavioral responses to pain remains lacking. Taking advantage of intersectional viral genetics, chemogenetics, optogenetics, in-vivo imaging, and ex-vivo physiology, we reveal that the neurons in the parafascicular (PF) nuclei of the medial thalamus receive monosynaptic inputs from the lateral parabrachial nuclei (LPBN) in mice. LPBN is an essential nucleus in the ascending pain pathway, receiving projections from the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. The PF neurons downstream of LPBN (PFpost-LPBN) are nociceptive, sensitized by peripheral neuropathy, acutely aversive, and, when activated, drive both sensory and affective-motivational responses to cold pain. In contrast, the LPBN target neurons in the intralaminar centromedian thalamus (CMpost-LPBN), another nociceptive nucleus of the medial thalamus, are primarily involved in the affective-motivational aspects of pain. Together, we reveal that the LPBN, through two closely related thalamic nuclei, influences behavior in mice with cold hypersensitivity due to peripheral neuropathies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Reddy, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okuda, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prajapati, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samineni, V. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koul, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barik, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.31.636010</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A brainstem-thalamic circuitry for affective-motivational responses to cold pain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.29.635546v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FISHNET: A Network-based Tool for Analyzing Gene-level P-values to Identify Significant Genes Missed by Standard Methods 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.29.635546v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
FISHNET uses prior biological knowledge, represented as gene interaction networks and gene function annotations, to identify genes that do not meet the genome-wide significance threshold but replicate nonetheless. Its input is gene-level P-values from any source, including omicsWAS, aggregation of GWAS P-values, CRISPR screens, or differential expression analysis. It is based on the idea that genes whose P-values are low due to sampling error are distributed randomly across networks and functions, so genes with suggestive P-values that cluster in densely connected subnetworks and share common functions are less likely to reflect sampling error and more likely to replicate. FISHNET combines network and function analysis with permutation-based P-value thresholds to identify a small set of exceptional genes that we call FISHNET genes.

Applied to 11 cardiovascular risk traits, FISHNET identified 19 gene-trait relationships that missed genome-wide significance thresholds but, nonetheless, replicated in an independent cohort. The replication rate of FISHNET genes matched or exceeded that of other genes with similar P-values. FISHNET identified a novel association between RUNX1 expression and HDL that is supported by experimental evidence that RUNX1 promotes white fat browning, which increases HDL cholesterol levels. FISHNET also identified an association between LTB expression and BMI that is supported by experimental evidence that higher LTB expression increases BMI via activation of the LT{beta}R pathway. Both associations failed genome-wide significance thresholds, highlighting FISHNETs ability to uncover meaningful relationships missed by traditional methods. FISHNET software is freely available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14765850.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Acharya, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moghaddam, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, Y. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Province, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brent, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.29.635546</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FISHNET: A Network-based Tool for Analyzing Gene-level P-values to Identify Significant Genes Missed by Standard Methods]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.07.637106v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Early cell cycle genes in cortical organoid progenitors predict interindividual variability in infant brain growth trajectories 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.07.637106v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived cortical organoids (hCOs) model neurogenesis on an individuals genetic background. The degree to which hCO phenotypes recapitulate the brain growth of the participants from which they were derived is not well established. We generated up to 3 iPSC clones from each of 18 participants in the Infant Brain Imaging Study, who have undergone longitudinal brain imaging during infancy. We identified consistent hCO morphology and cortical cell types across clones from the same participant. hCO cross-sectional area and production of cortical hem cells were associated with in vivo cortical growth rates. Cell cycle associated genes expression in early progenitors at the crux of fate decision trajectories were correlated with cortical growth rate from 6-12 months of age, and were enriched in microcephaly and neurodevelopmental disorder genes. Our data suggest the hCOs capture inter-individual variation in cortical cell types influencing infant cortical surface area expansion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Glass, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matoba, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beltran, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farah, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eswar, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhargava, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curtin, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srivastava, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drake, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeturi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Love, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simon, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>St. John, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marrus, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pandey, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Estes, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dager, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schultz, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Botteron, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Styner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKinstry, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collins, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Volk, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benke, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zwaigenbaum, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hazlett, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beltran, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Girault, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piven, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>the Infant Brain Imaging Study Network,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.07.637106</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Early cell cycle genes in cortical organoid progenitors predict interindividual variability in infant brain growth trajectories]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.07.637163v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Early-life infection with Cryptosporidium parvum induces inflammatory responses to dietary antigens 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.07.637163v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To examine the effect of early-life infection with Cryptosporidium parvum on the development of oral tolerance, we developed a low-dose infection model in neonatal mice. C. parvum infection in neonatal mice results in immunopathology in the colon. IL-1{beta} released during C. parvum infection blocked the formation of colonic goblet cell associated antigen passages, which normally serve as a conduit for antigen uptake and development of peripheral regulatory T cells (pTregs), responsible for long-term oral tolerance. Following infection with C. parvum, adoptively transferred OT-II cells, which respond to ovalbumin (ova), developed reduced frequency of Foxp3+Ror{gamma}t+ cells in mesenteric lymph nodes with an expansion of TH1-like Tregs in the colon. The altered pTreg profile was accompanied by a strong TH1 immune response and robust IgG2c antibody responses to orally administered ova. Our findings suggest that intestinal inflammation and altered pTreg development leads to loss of oral tolerance during early life infection with C. parvum.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Saraav, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, K. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schriefer, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baldridge, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newberry, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, C.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sibley, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.07.637163</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Early-life infection with Cryptosporidium parvum induces inflammatory responses to dietary antigens]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.10.637436v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dietary manipulation of intestinal microbes prolongs survival in a mouse model of Hirschsprung disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.10.637436v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Enterocolitis is a common and potentially deadly manifestation of Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) but disease mechanisms remain poorly defined. Unexpectedly, we discovered that diet can dramatically affect the lifespan of a HSCR mouse model (Piebald lethal, sl/sl) where affected animals die from HAEC complications. In the sl/sl model, diet alters gut microbes and metabolites, leading to changes in colon epithelial gene expression and epithelial oxygen levels known to influence colitis severity. Our findings demonstrate unrecognized similarity between HAEC and other types of colitis and suggest dietary manipulation could be a valuable therapeutic strategy for people with HSCR.

AbstractHirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a birth defect where enteric nervous system (ENS) is absent from distal bowel. Bowel lacking ENS fails to relax, causing partial obstruction. Affected children often have "Hirschsprung disease associated enterocolitis" (HAEC), which predisposes to sepsis. We discovered survival of Piebald lethal (sl/sl) mice, a well-established HSCR model with HAEC, is markedly altered by two distinct standard chow diets. A "Protective" diet increased fecal butyrate/isobutyrate and enhanced production of gut epithelial antimicrobial peptides in proximal colon. In contrast, "Detrimental" diet-fed sl/sl had abnormal appearing distal colon epithelium mitochondria, reduced epithelial mRNA involved in oxidative phosphorylation, and elevated epithelial oxygen that fostered growth of inflammation-associated Enterobacteriaceae. Accordingly, selective depletion of Enterobacteriaceae with sodium tungstate prolonged sl/sl survival. Our results provide the first strong evidence that diet modifies survival in a HSCR mouse model, without altering length of distal colon lacking ENS.

HighlightsO_LITwo different standard mouse diets alter survival in the Piebald lethal (sl/sl) mouse model of Hirschsprung disease, without impacting extent of distal colon aganglionosis (the region lacking ENS).
C_LIO_LIPiebald lethal mice fed the "Detrimental" diet had many changes in colon epithelial transcriptome including decreased mRNA for antimicrobial peptides and genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation. Detrimental diet fed sl/sl also had aberrant-appearing mitochondria in distal colon epithelium, with elevated epithelial oxygen that drives lethal Enterobacteriaceae overgrowth via aerobic respiration.
C_LIO_LIElimination of Enterobacteriaceae with antibiotics or sodium tungstate improves survival of Piebald lethal fed the "Detrimental diet".
C_LI

Graphical abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=94 SRC="FIGDIR/small/637436v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tjaden, N. E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liou, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sax, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lassoued, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lou, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneider, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beigel, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eisenberg, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loeffler, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Litichevskiy, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dohnalova, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, D. M. J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raab, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furth, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubenstein, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pilon, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thaiss, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heuckeroth, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.10.637436</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dietary manipulation of intestinal microbes prolongs survival in a mouse model of Hirschsprung disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.06.636834v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Resting calcium ion fluxes protect cells from fast mitochondrial fragmentation, cell stress responses, and immediate transcriptional reprogramming 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.06.636834v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Homeostatic calcium ion (Ca2+) fluxes between the endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol, and extracellular space occur not only in response to cell stimulation but also in unstimulated cells. Using murine astrocytes as a model, we asked whether there is a signaling function of these resting Ca2+-fluxes. The data showed that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca{superscript 2} depletion, induced by sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca{superscript 2}-ATPase (SERCA) inhibition, resulted to prolonged Ca{superscript 2} influx and mitochondrial fragmentation within 10 to 30 minutes. This mitochondrial fragmentation could be prevented in Ca2+- free medium or by inhibiting store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). Similarly, attenuation of STIM proteins, which are vital ER Ca2+ sensors, protected mitochondrial morphology. On the molecular level, ER Ca2+ depletion, achieved either by removing extracellular Ca2+ or through acute SERCA inhibition, led to changes in gene expression of about 13% and 41% of the transcriptome within an hour, respectively. Transcriptome changes were associated with universal biological processes such as transcription, differentiation, or cell stress. Strong increase in expression was observed for the transcription factor ATF4, which is under control of the kinase PERK (EIF2AK3), a key protein involved in ER stress. Corroborating these findings, PERK was rapidly phosphorylated in Ca2+-free medium or after acute pharmacological inhibition of SOCE. In summary, resting, homeostatic Ca2+ fluxes prevent immediate- early cell stress and transcriptional reprogramming.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fecher, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sodmann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlott, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaepel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmitt, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lengfelder, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bischler, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nieswandt, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winklhofer, K. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blum, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.06.636834</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Resting calcium ion fluxes protect cells from fast mitochondrial fragmentation, cell stress responses, and immediate transcriptional reprogramming]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.11.637743v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TDP-43 Aggregate Seeding Impairs Autoregulation and Causes TDP-43 Dysfunction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.11.637743v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The aggregation, cellular mislocalization and dysfunction of TDP-43 are hallmarks of multiple neurodegenerative disorders. We find that inducing TDP-43 aggregation through prion-like seeding gradually diminishes normal TDP-43 nuclear localization and function. Aggregate-affected cells show signature features of TDP-43 loss of function, such as DNA damage and dysregulated TDP-43-target expression. We also observe strong activation of TDP-43-controlled cryptic exons in cells, including human neurons treated with proteopathic seeds. Furthermore, aggregate seeding impairs TDP-43 autoregulation, an essential mechanism controlling TDP-43 homeostasis. Interestingly, proteins that normally interact with TDP-43 are not recruited to aggregates, while other factors linked to TDP-43 pathology, including Ataxin 2, specifically colocalize to inclusions and modify seeding-induced aggregation. Our findings indicate that TDP-43 aggregation, mislocalization and loss of function are strongly linked and suggest that disruption of TDP-43 autoregulation establishes a toxic feed-forward mechanism that amplifies aggregation and may be central in mediating this pathological connection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mamede, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Titus, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaquer-Alicea, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>French, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamond, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayala, Y. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.11.637743</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TDP-43 Aggregate Seeding Impairs Autoregulation and Causes TDP-43 Dysfunction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.12.637499v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MicroRNA-34a suppresses KLF2 to promote pathological angiogenesis through the CXCR4/CXCL12 pathway in age-related macular degeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.12.637499v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), characterized by pathologic choroidal neovascularization (CNV), is a leading cause of vision loss in the elderly. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFa) antagonists can prevent acute vision loss, but high treatment burden and loss of efficacy with chronic therapy highlight the need to explore alternative mechanisms. Recently, microRNA-34a (miR-34a) has emerged as a key regulator in aging and age-related diseases, but its role in neovascular AMD is unclear. In an injury-induced murine CNV model, we discovered miR-34a promoted pathological angiogenesis, without altering expression of Vegfa or its receptor Kdr, the canonical regulators of CNV. Mechanistically, miR-34a directly targets and inhibits the transcription factor KLF2 thereby upregulating the pro-angiogenic factors CXCR4 and CXCL12. Finally, we show miR-34a exacerbates CNV in aged mice and is expressed in CNV lesions excised from wet AMD patients. These findings establish a causal link between the age-related miR-34a and neovascularization in AMD.

TeaserIdentification of a molecular mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of a prevalent and debilitating age-related ocular disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Colasanti, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Terao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santeford, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Apte, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.12.637499</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MicroRNA-34a suppresses KLF2 to promote pathological angiogenesis through the CXCR4/CXCL12 pathway in age-related macular degeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.13.637960v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The response of mitochondrial position to glucose stimulation in a model system of the pancreatic beta cell 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.13.637960v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The compartmentalization of eukaryotic cells into membrane-bound organelles with specific subcellular positioning enables precise spatial and temporal control of cellular functions. While functionally significant mitochondrial localization has been demonstrated in cells such as neurons, it remains unclear how general these cell principles are. Here, we examine the spatial organization of mitochondria within MIN6 pancreatic beta cells under variable glucose conditions. We observe glucose-dependent redistributions of mitochondria, favoring peripheral localization at elevated glucose levels when insulin secretion is also elevated. Our results, formalized into a stochastic model of mitochondrial trafficking, suggest that active mitochondrial transport along microtubules and calcium activity, but not ATP synthesis, are critical regulators of this redistribution. These results suggest that mitochondrial positioning may contribute to optimizing energy delivery in response to local demand, potentially representing a general regulatory mechanism across various cell types.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Perez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, X. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piston, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukherji, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.13.637960</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The response of mitochondrial position to glucose stimulation in a model system of the pancreatic beta cell]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.13.637433v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pyrimethamine and a potent analogue WCDD115 inhibit NRF2 by suppressing DHFR and one-carbon metabolism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.13.637433v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2/NRF2) is a critical mediator of the cellular oxidative stress response. Aberrant activation of NRF2 is common in lung and upper aerodigestive cancers, where it promotes tumor initiation and progression and confers resistance to chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. As such, NRF2 therapeutic inhibitors are actively being sought. We previously reported that the antiparasitic drug Pyrimethamine (PYR) inhibits NRF2 in cell lines and in a NRF2-inducible genetically engineered mouse model. Here we design, synthesize, and define structure-activity relationships across a series of 25 PYR-based derivatives to reveal WCDD115 as a 22-fold more potent inhibitor of NRF2 (57nM versus 1.2{micro}M). PYR is known to inhibit plasmodial and human dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). We found that WCDD115 inhibits hDHFR with 31-fold greater potency than PYR (144nM versus 4.49{micro}M). Metabolomics showed strong similarities between PYR, WCDD115 and methotrexate. Genetic, pharmacological and metabolic epistasis studies reveal that DHFR inactivation is required for NRF2 suppression by WCDD115 and PYR. Global and targeted proteomics revealed overlapping profiles for WCDD115, PYR and methotrexate, including suppression of NRF2 oxidative stress response and activation of TP53 and the DNA damage response. Therefore, PYR and a novel potent derivative WCDD115 are effective, indirect inhibitors of NRF2 and its antioxidant functions. These data underscore the importance of one- carbon metabolism for the NRF2 signaling pathway and support a new therapeutic strategy to suppress NRF2-driven cancer biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chembo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lapak, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilkerson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paiboonrungruang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medcalf, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolle, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zolkind, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Major, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.13.637433</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pyrimethamine and a potent analogue WCDD115 inhibit NRF2 by suppressing DHFR and one-carbon metabolism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.27.640591v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular grammars of intrinsically disordered regions that span the human proteome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.27.640591v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) of proteins are defined by functionally relevant molecular grammars. This refers to IDR-specific non-random amino acid compositions and non-random patterning of distinct pairs of amino acid types. Here, we introduce GIN (Grammars Inferred using NARDINI+) as a resource, which we have used to extract the molecular grammars of all human IDRs and classified them into thirty distinct clusters. Unbiased analyses of IDRome-spanning grammars reveals that specialized IDR grammar features direct biological processes, cellular localization preferences, and molecular functions. IDRs with exceptional grammars, defined as sequences with high-scoring non-random features, are harbored in proteins and complexes that enable spatial and temporal sorting of biochemical activities. Protein complexes within the nucleus recruit specific factors through top-scoring IDRs. These IDRs are frequently disrupted via cancer-associated mutations and fusion oncoproteins. Overall, GIN enables the decoding of sequence-function relationships of IDRs and can be deployed in IDR-specific and IDRome-wide analyses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ruff, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ying, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pant, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lieberman, W. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shinn, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>su, x.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kadoch, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.27.640591</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular grammars of intrinsically disordered regions that span the human proteome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.23.639781v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phosphoinositide Depletion and Compensatory β-adrenergic Signaling in Angiotensin II-Induced Heart Disease: Protection Through PTEN Inhibition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.23.639781v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Contractile dysfunction, hypertrophy, and cell death during heart failure are linked to altered Ca2+ handling, and elevated levels of the hormone angiotensin II (AngII), which signals through Gq-coupled AT1 receptors, initiating hydrolysis of PIP2. Chronic elevation of AngII contributes to cardiac pathology, but the mechanisms linking sustained AngII signaling to heart dysfunction remain incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that chronic AngII exposure profoundly disrupts cardiac phosphoinositide homeostasis, triggering a cascade of cellular adaptations that ultimately impair cardiac function. Using in vivo AngII infusion combined with phospholipid mass spectrometry, super-resolution microscopy, and functional analyses, we show that sustained AngII signaling reduces PI(4,5)P2 levels and triggers extensive redistribution of CaV1.2 channels from t-tubules to various endosomal compartments. Despite this t-tubular channel loss, enhanced sympathetic drive maintains calcium currents and transients through increased channel phosphorylation via PKA and CaMKII pathways. However, this compensation proves insufficient as cardiac function progressively declines, marked by pathological hypertrophy, t-tubule disruption, and diastolic dysfunction. Notably, we identify depletion of PI(3,4,5)P3 as a critical mediator of AngII-induced cardiac pathology. While preservation of PI(3,4,5)P3 levels through PTEN inhibition did not prevent cellular remodeling or calcium handling changes, it protected against cardiac dysfunction, suggesting effects primarily through reduction of fibrosis. These findings reveal a complex interplay between phosphoinositide signaling, ion channel trafficking, and sympathetic activation in AngII-induced cardiac pathology. Moreover, they establish maintenance of PI(3,4,5)P3 as a promising therapeutic strategy for hypertensive heart disease and as a potential protective adjunct therapy during clinical AngII administration.



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=141 SRC="FIGDIR/small/639781v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@126d18borg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1870dadorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1931836org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1ab23f_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG O_FLOATNOGraphical Abstract.C_FLOATNO Graphical summary of chronic angiotensin II (AngII) signaling effects on cardiac calcium handling and fibrosis.

Chronic AngII signaling through AT1R activates Gq-coupled signaling, leading to PI(4,5)P2 depletion that destabilizes CaV1.2 in the plasma membrane (PM), triggering their endocytosis and reduced channel numbers at the PM. The remaining CaV1.2 channels and RyR2 undergo compensatory phosphorylation by CaMKII and PKA, triggered by sympathetic activation (-AR signaling), leading to enhanced calcium-induced calcium release (CICR). Meanwhile, AngII promotes fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition via M1 macrophage phenotype activation, increasing cardiac fibrosis. PTEN inhibition preserves PIP3 levels and promotes anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage activation, resulting in reduced fibrosis. These findings reveal a complex interplay between cardiac phosphoinositide signaling, calcium handling, and fibrotic remodeling with chronic AngII. AC, adenylyl cyclase; -AR, beta-adrenergic receptor; DAG, diacylglycerol; IP3, inositol trisphosphate; PLC, phospholipase C; PKA, protein kinase A; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog.

C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Voelker, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westhoff, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>del Villar, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thai, P. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiamvimonvat, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nieves-Cintron, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickson, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixon, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.23.639781</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phosphoinositide Depletion and Compensatory β-adrenergic Signaling in Angiotensin II-Induced Heart Disease: Protection Through PTEN Inhibition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.27.640518v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeted and random mutagenesis of cassava brown streak disease susceptibility factors reveal molecular determinants of disease severity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.27.640518v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) is caused by cassava brown streak viruses (CBSVs) from the family Potyviridae. Potyvirid viral genome-linked protein (VPg) recruitment of host eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) proteins is a critical step in the viral life cycle. CBSV VPg interacts with all five cassava eIF4E-family members. Simultaneously knocking out eIF4E-family genes nCBP-1 and nCBP-2, in cultivar 60444, strongly reduces CBSD root symptoms and viral titer but does not result in complete resistance, likely due to gene family redundancy. To test for redundancy, we generated single and double mutants for each clade of the eIF4E gene family in farmer preferred cultivar TME419. Double mutants for the eIF(iso)4E and nCBP clades both exhibited reduced symptom severity, with ncbp-1 ncbp-2 having the strongest phenotype. A yeast two-hybrid screen for nCBP-2 mutants that lose VPg affinity identified fifty-one mutants, including an L51F mutant. This finding is consistent with one of the recovered cassava mutants that had a 6 amino acid deletion, including L51, in nCBP-2 and showed a reduction in symptoms relative to wild type. The data presented here suggest that generating mutations corresponding to L51F of nCBP-2 in multiple or all five cassava eIF4E proteins may lead to stronger resistance to CBSD while avoiding pleiotropic effects.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, Z.-J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stanton, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Meyer, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von Behren, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benza, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiley, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hood, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrington, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bart, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.27.640518</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeted and random mutagenesis of cassava brown streak disease susceptibility factors reveal molecular determinants of disease severity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.06.641917v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ms4a4a deficiency ameliorates plaque pathology in a mouse model of amyloid accumulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.06.641917v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-wide association studies for Alzheimer disease (AD) risk have identified a number of genes enriched in microglia, including MS4A4A. Common variants in MS4A4A influence AD risk, MS4A4A expression, TREM2 signaling, and a specific microglial transcriptional state, though the exact role of MS4A4A in AD remains unclear. Using a mouse model of amyloid beta (A{beta}) accumulation (5xFAD), we examined the impact of Ms4a4a loss on A{beta} pathology. Before A{beta} accumulation, Ms4a4a loss reduces steady-state A{beta} levels and shortens A{beta} half-life in brain interstitial fluid. In aged 5xFAD Ms4a4a-deficient mice, plaques are more compact with reduced overall plaque burden. Microglia lacking Ms4a4a are more pro-inflammatory and produce more MMP-9, which may promote degradation of A{beta} and A{beta} fibrils. Human subjects that carry a variant near MS4A4A (rs1582763) that confers resilience to AD also exhibit significantly elevated levels of MMP-9 in their cerebrospinal fluid. Together, our results suggest that loss of Ms4a4a improves A{beta} pathology by altering A{beta} clearance, offering insights for therapeutic interventions in AD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Danhash, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verbeck, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Western, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz-Pacheco, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galasso, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, S.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nadarajah, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiemann-Powles, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Musiek, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iyer, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cirrito, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cruchaga, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karch, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.06.641917</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ms4a4a deficiency ameliorates plaque pathology in a mouse model of amyloid accumulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.03.641211v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeting Modulated Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Atherosclerosis via FAP-Directed Immunotherapy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.03.641211v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) and immune cell diversification play a central role in driving atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD)1-3. However, the molecular mechanisms governing cell state transitions within the neo-intima in human CAD remain poorly understood, and no lipid-independent therapies are currently approved for its treatment. Here, we performed multi-omic single-cell gene expression profiling, epitope mapping, and spatial transcriptomics from 27 human coronary arteries. Our analysis identified fibroblast activation protein (FAP) as a marker of modulated VSMCs within the neo-intima. Genetic lineage tracing in mice confirmed that FAP cells in the plaque originate from medial VSMCs. Additionally, non-invasive positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in patients with CAD revealed focal FAP uptake in atherosclerotic lesions. Spatial transcriptomics further delineated the distinct localization of VSMC and immune cell subsets within plaques, with FAP states enriched in the neo-intima. To explore the therapeutic potential of targeting de-differentiated VSMCs, we developed an anti-FAP bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) and demonstrated that it significantly reduced the plaque burden in multiple mouse models of atherosclerosis. Collectively, our study provides the first single-cell and spatially resolved map of human CAD, establishes FAP as a marker of modulated smooth muscle cells, and demonstrates the broader potential of immunotherapeutics for lipid independent targets in atherosclerotic CAD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Amrute, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, I.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamawaki, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bredemeyer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diekmann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayat, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, W.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maryam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heo, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C. J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuppe, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kovacs, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chintalgattu, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pruitt, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barreda, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stitziel, N. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kramann, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foo, R. S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rulifson, I. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quertermous, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bengel, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.-M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ason, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavine, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.03.641211</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeting Modulated Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Atherosclerosis via FAP-Directed Immunotherapy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.09.641258v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Environmental NaCl affects C. elegans development and aging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.09.641258v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sodium is an essential nutrient, but is toxic in excess. In humans, excessive dietary sodium can cause high blood pressure, which contributes to age-related diseases including stroke and heart disease. We used C. elegans to elucidate how sodium levels influence animal aging. Most experiments on this animal are conducted in standard culture conditions: Nematode Growth Medium (NGM) agar with a lawn of E. coli. Here, we report that the supplemental NaCl in standard NGM, 50 mM, accelerates aging and decreases lifespan. For comparison, we prepared NGM with reduced NaCl or excess NaCl. Considering reduced NaCl as a baseline, wild-type worms on standard NGM displayed normal development and fertility but reduced lifespan and health span, indicating toxicity in old animals. The long-lived mutants daf-2, age-1, and nuo-6, cultured on standard NGM, also displayed reduced lifespan. Thus, NaCl in standard NGM accelerates aging in multiple genetic backgrounds. Wild-type worms on excess NaCl displayed delayed development and reduced fertility, and reduced lifespan and health span, indicating toxicity in both young and old animals. These results suggest that young animals are relatively resistant to NaCl toxicity, but that aging causes progressive sensitivity, such that old animals display toxicity to both standard and excess NaCl. We investigated pathways that respond to NaCl. Young animals cultured with excess NaCl activated gpdh-1, a specific response to NaCl stress. Old animals cultured with excess NaCl activated gpdh-1 and hsp-6, a reporter for the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. Thus, excess NaCl activates multiple stress response pathways in older animals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pohl, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egan, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneider, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mosley, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiu, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kornfeld, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.09.641258</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Environmental NaCl affects C. elegans development and aging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.10.642168v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inhibitory effects of dopamine agonists on pain-responsive neurons in the central nucleus of the amygdala 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.10.642168v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) is a heterogenous region of primarily GABAergic neurons that contributes to numerous behaviors, including fear learning, feeding, reward, and pain. Dopaminergic inputs to the CeA have been shown to regulate many of these behaviors, but how dopamine exerts these effects at the cellular level has not been well characterized. We used the Targeted Recombination in Active Populations (TRAP) mouse line to fluorescently label pain-responsive CeA neurons, and then targeted these cells for patch-clamp recordings in acute slices to test the effects of dopamine agonists. The D1 agonist SKF-38393 and D2 agonist quinpirole both had inhibitory effects, reducing the input resistance and evoked firing and increasing rheobase of labeled CeA neurons. Both agents also inhibited the NMDA component of excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) evoked by basolateral amygdala (BLA) stimulation, but did not affect the AMPA component. D1 activation, but not D2, also appeared to have a presynaptic effect, increasing the frequency of spontaneous EPSCs. These results provide new insights into how dopamine regulates activity within pain-responsive CeA networks.

NEW & NOTEWORTHYDopamine is known to regulate activity within the central amygdala (CeA), an important region for central pain processing. However, its effects at the cellular level have not been well characterized. We targeted pain-responsive CeA neurons for patch-clamp recordings to examine the cellular and synaptic effects of D1 and D2 agonists. Activation of either D1 or D2 receptors induced inhibitory effects, suggesting dopamine signaling in CeA dampens pain-related activity and could be a target for analgesics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Heuermann, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gereau, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.10.642168</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inhibitory effects of dopamine agonists on pain-responsive neurons in the central nucleus of the amygdala]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.10.642464v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-Cell Resolution of Individual Variation in Hypothalamic Neurons Allows Targeted Manipulation Affecting Social Motivation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.10.642464v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite decades of research, connecting molecular and cellular phenotypes to complex behavioral traits remains an elusive goal1. Social motivation exhibits individual trait variation2, which we hypothesize is mediated by molecular and cellular variability across hypothalamic neurons. To test this, we generated single-nucleus RNA-sequencing profiles3,4 of >120,000 neurons from tuberal hypothalamus and adjacent thalamus in 36 mice, balanced across sex and autism-associated mutation5, with all mice assessed for social motivation2. First, we show that molecular activation patterns predict behavior across individuals: specifically, activation of paraventricular Agtr1a+ (angiotensin receptor 1a) neurons predicted reduced social behavior. Subsequent inhibition of AGTR1A with telmisartan--an FDA-approved antihypertensive6--improved social orienting. Second, we show natural variation in neuronal proportions--likely arising from stochastic developmental events7--is sufficient to shape adult behavior even among genetically-identical individuals: we identified multiple neuronal populations whose relative abundance predicted social reward-seeking behavior. Chemogenetic inhibition of one such population, Nxph4+ neurons of the postero-lateral hypothalamus8, suppressed multiple aspects of social motivation. This work establishes proof-of-principle for an approach where single-cell genomics precisely maps neural substrates governing behavior. This approach revealed that stochastic variations in neuronal architecture deterministically influence social motivation, and enabled identification of therapeutically-actionable targets with immediate translational potential for disorders with social deficits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sarafinovska, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koester, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, L. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thorpe, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaturvedi, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Selmanovic, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kornbluth, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrett, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rurak, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maloney, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creed, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitra, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.10.642464</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-Cell Resolution of Individual Variation in Hypothalamic Neurons Allows Targeted Manipulation Affecting Social Motivation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.09.642150v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Disruption of a side portal pathway permits closed-state inactivation by BK β subunit N-termini 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.09.642150v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cytosolic N-termini of several BK channel {beta} regulatory subunits mediate rapid inactivation. However, in contrast to Kv channels, inactivation does not occur via a simple, open channel block mechanism, but involves two steps, an association step in which ion permeation is maintained (O*), then followed by inactivation (I). To produce inactivation, BK {beta} subunit N-termini enter the central cavity through a lateral entry pathway ("side portal") separating the transmembrane pore-gate-domain and cytosolic gating ring. Comparison of BK conformations reveals an aqueous pathway into the central cavity in the open structure, while in the closed structure three sequential basic residues (R329K330K331) in S6 occlude central cavity access. We probed the impact of mutations of the RKK motif (RKK3Q, RKK3E, and RKK3V) on inactivation mediated by the {beta}3a N-terminus. All three RKK-mutated constructs differentially reduce depolarization-activated outward current, prolong {beta}3a-mediated tail current upon repolarization, and produce a persistent inward current at potentials down to -240 mV. With depolarization channels are driven into O*-I inactivated states and, upon repolarization, slow tails and persistent inward currents reflect slow changes in O*-I occupancy. However, evaluation of closed state occupancy prior to depolarization and at the end of slow tails reveals that some fraction of closed states at negative potentials corresponds to resting closed states in voltage-independent equilibrium with N-terminal-occluded closed-states. Thus, disruption of the RKK triplet both stabilizes the {beta}3a-N-terminus in its position of inactivation and permits access of that N-terminus to its blocking position in closed states.

SummaryThe role of BK S6 residues R329K330K331 and E321/E324 in {beta} subunit-mediated inactivation is probed. WT R329K330K331 hinders inactivation in closed states, while RKK mutations stabilize inactivated states even under conditions where channels are otherwise closed. E321/E324 mutations do not permit closed-state inactivation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lingle, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.09.642150</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Disruption of a side portal pathway permits closed-state inactivation by BK β subunit N-termini]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.09.642218v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dense Longitudinal Precision Neuroimaging of Recovery from Traumatic Brain Injury 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.09.642218v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) disrupts white matter tracts essential for cognition and emotion. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can noninvasively measure white matter integrity. However, DTI has been inconsistent in predicting patient recovery from TBI, possibly due to the complex, dynamic, and individual-specific process of post-TBI white matter remodeling. Here, we employed dense longitudinal neuroimaging to track white matter recovery weekly over six months after a TBI within a single patient and a control in a similar age group (21 vs. 24 y.o.). In the patient, but not in the control, DTI metrics precisely tracked parabolic trajectories across time, with early structural alterations continuing for more than 15 weeks before reversing direction. The extent of alteration in each tract was correlated with the time until reversal. These continuous DTI changes also mediated recovery of cognitive and emotional function, suggesting they are not passive markers of damage but dynamic processes underlying functional improvement. Complementary diffusion basis spectrum imaging (DBSI) revealed an initial phase of cellular loss followed by inflammatory remodeling, vascular adaptations, and persistent metabolic activity. Our findings indicate that recovery does not follow predefined phases but rather individualized transition points, which could define optimal windows for rehabilitation. Identifying these inflection points may enable personalized interventions aligned with biologically relevant structural shifts, rather than broad recovery periods.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rajesh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laumann, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barch, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kay, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kummer, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dosenbach, N. U. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.09.642218</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dense Longitudinal Precision Neuroimaging of Recovery from Traumatic Brain Injury]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.10.642434v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stathmin 1 regulates mitophagy and cellular function in hematopoietic stem cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.10.642434v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Stathmin 1 is a cytoplasmic phosphoprotein that regulates microtubule dynamics via promotion of microtubule catastrophe and sequestration of free tubulin heterodimers. Stathmin 1 is highly expressed in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and overexpressed in leukemic cells, however its role in HSCs is not known. Herein, we found that loss of Stathmin 1 is associated with altered microtubule architecture in HSCs, and markedly impaired HSC function. Transcriptomic studies suggested alterations in oxidative phosphorylation in Stmn1-/- HSCs, and further mechanistic studies revealed defective mitochondrial structure and function in the absence of Stathmin 1 with increased ROS production. Microtubules associate with mitochondria and lysosomes to facilitate autophagosome formation and mitophagy, and indeed we found that this critical mitochondrial quality control process is impaired in Stathmin 1-deficient HSCs. Finally, stimulation of autophagy improved the colony forming ability of Stmn1-/- hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Together, our data identify Stathmin 1 as a novel regulator of mitophagy and mitochondrial health in HSCs.

Key PointsO_LIThe microtubule regulating protein Stathmin 1 is highly expressed in HSPCs and promotes normal microtubule architecture.
C_LIO_LILoss of Stathmin 1 in HSPCs leads to impaired autophagy with abnormal mitochondrial morphology, decreased respiratory capacity, and impaired cellular function.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chiquetto, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuetz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warmka, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunt, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petermeier, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roundy, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenberg, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Challen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luke, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Signer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beatty, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sykes, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kast, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuettpelz, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.10.642434</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stathmin 1 regulates mitophagy and cellular function in hematopoietic stem cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.11.642694v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human pulvinar stimulation engages select cortical pathways in epilepsy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.11.642694v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The pulvinar has been proposed as an effective neuromodulation target for patients with posterior quadrant and temporal epilepsies. However, the pulvinar has a large tissue volume, multiple subnuclei, and widespread cortical connections. It remains unknown whether electrical stimulation of distinct pulvinar subregions affects the temporal, occipital, and parietal areas differently. To address this gap, we delivered single-pulse electrical stimulation to the pulvinar and measured the resulting brain stimulation evoked potentials in twelve patients undergoing stereotactic EEG for drug-resistant epilepsy. Brain stimulation evoked potentials were parameterized across the occipital, temporal and parietal cortex. Stimulation of the lateral pulvinar elicited significant brain stimulation evoked potentials in striate and extrastriate areas that diminish as stimulation shifts towards the medial pulvinar. Conversely, stimulation of the ventral aspect of the medial pulvinar produced significant lateral temporal evoked potentials, which diminish with lateral pulvinar stimulation. We also found that stimulation of the dorsomedial pulvinar evoked significant parietal responses with limited striate/extrastriate and lateral temporal responses. These results demonstrate that electrical stimulation of specific pulvinar subregions influences distinct occipital, parietal and lateral temporal areas. Selective targeting of pulvinar subregions to maximize seizure network engagement may be essential for individualized treatment of posterior quadrant and temporal epilepsies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bilderbeek, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gregg, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yanez-Ramos, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montoya, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunner, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willie, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Gompel, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Worrell, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hermes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.11.642694</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human pulvinar stimulation engages select cortical pathways in epilepsy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.12.642853v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cortical reinstatement of causally related events sparks narrative insights by updating neural representation patterns 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.12.642853v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We make sense of everyday events by reasoning about their underlying causes. When we connect causal links between events separated in time, we often experience a sudden feeling of "aha!", or a moment of insight. What cognitive and neural processes underlie these moments of understanding? We hypothesized that narrative insight accompanies retrieving causally related past events in memory and updating the current event representation. To test this, we designed an fMRI study in which participants watched a TV episode that was cut into multiple events and presented in temporally scrambled orders. Participants pressed an "aha" button whenever they understood something new and verbally explained why they pressed in those moments at the end of each run. Supporting our prediction, more than 40% of insights included the retrieval of past events that were causally related to the current event. Neural patterns representing causally related past events were reinstated in cortical areas. This neural reinstatement drove sudden shifts in cortical representation patterns [~]2 s prior to aha button presses, reflecting an update in situational representation at moments of insight. Moreover, distributed areas in the brain represented causally related events with similar neural patterns, beyond their shared semantic or perceptual features. Together, the study suggests that we comprehend events by reinstating causally related past events via shared neural patterns, followed by updating neural patterns at moments of insight.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Song, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ke, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madhogarhia, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leong, Y. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenberg, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.12.642853</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cortical reinstatement of causally related events sparks narrative insights by updating neural representation patterns]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.13.643098v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Neural Circuit Framework for Economic Choice: From Building Blocks of Valuation to Compositionality in Multitasking 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.13.643098v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Value-guided decisions are a cornerstone of cognition, yet the underlying circuit-level mechanisms remain elusive. We used reinforcement learning to train recurrent neural network models endowed with Dales law on a battery of economic choice tasks, which revealed a two-stage computational framework. First, value estimation occurs at input level where learned weights store subjective preferences and approximate the nonlinear multiplication of reward magnitude and probability to yield expected values. This feedforward mechanism enables generalization to novel choice options. Second, option values are compared within the recurrent network, where specific connectivity patterns mediate robust winner-take-all decisions, with both excitatory and inhibitory neurons exhibiting value and choice selectivity. By training a single network on multiple tasks, we show compositional representations combining a shared computational schema with specialized neural modules. Reproducing key neurophysiological findings from the primate orbitofrontal cortex, our model unifies value computation, comparison, and generalization into a coherent framework with testable predictions.

IN BRIEFBattista et al. use biologically plausible RNNs to uncover circuit mechanisms of economic choice. They propose a two-stage framework where feedforward inputs compute offer values and recurrent inhibition drives comparison. This architecture explains how the brain generalizes preferences and multitasks using compositional neural codes, offering a unified theory of decisionmaking.

HIGHLIGHTSO_LIBiologically plausible RNN reveals a two-stage economic choice framework
C_LIO_LIInput weights store preferences and multiply features to compute offer value
C_LIO_LICompetitive recurrent inhibition mediates winner-take-all comparison
C_LIO_LIMultitasking relies on compositional shared and specialized neural modules
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Battista, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Padoa-Schioppa, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.13.643098</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Neural Circuit Framework for Economic Choice: From Building Blocks of Valuation to Compositionality in Multitasking]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.11.642511v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Endothelial Cept1 Promotes Post-Ischemic Angiogenesis in a Pparα-Dependent Fashion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.11.642511v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundCept1 is essential for de novo phopholipogenesis and is impacted by diabetes. We previously demonstrated that conditional knockdown of Cept1 in the endothelium leads to reduced hindlimb angiogenesis and tissue recovery. We hypothesized that Cept1 may also be sufficient in promoting post-ischemic angiogenesis and recovery in the setting of diabetes.

MethodsCEPT1 content was evaluated in peripheral arteries of patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD), and with or without diabetes. An endothelial cell (EC)-specific Cept1 overexpression mouse model was developed (Cept1fl/flCre+) in adult C57BL6 mice. Murine aortae were harvested, for single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and unilateral hindlimb ischemia was used to evaluate angiogenesis in Cept1fl/flCre+ mice. Primary ECs were isolated and HUVECs transduced with Cept1 cDNA were developed, and evaluated using molecular assays, in vitro functional assays, and mass spectrometry.

ResultsIn humans, arterial intima CEPT1 was elevated in the setting of PAD and diabetes, along with ACOX1, VEGF2R, p-Akt, and p-eNOS. In mice, scRNA-seq demonstrated that ECs with Cept1 overexpression were enriched with wound healing, angiogenesis, sprouting, and cell migration pathways. Diabetic Cept1fl/flCre+ mice had improved hind-limb perfusion and angiogenesis, and their aortic rings had increased ex vivo capillary sprouting. Cept1 overexpression in ECs significantly increased migration, tubule formation, and proliferation as predicted by scRNA-seq. Cept1 overexpression in ECs led to increased Ppar, Acox1, Vegfa, and Vegf2r. Similarly, treatment with siPpar, and inhibitors for PPAR (GW6471), VEGFR2 (ZM323881), Akt (LY294002), and eNOS (L-NAME) abrogated CEPT1-induced EC migration.

ConclusionsCept1 overexpression promotes EC function and post-ischemic recovery. The impact of CEPT1 on ECs is at least in part dependent on p-Akt/p-eNOS angiogenic signaling and PPAR. Since CEPT1 is elevated in diseased human peripheral arterial tissue, these findings suggest that CEPT1 may be playing an important compensatory role in vascular recovery and reperfusion following ischemic injury in the setting diabetes.

HighlightsO_LICEPT1 content is higher in the peripheral arteries of individuals with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and type 2 diabetes.
C_LIO_LICept1 over expression induces endothelial cell activation and function and enhances post-ischemia angiogenesis in vivo.
C_LIO_LICEPT1 induces endothelial pAkt/p-eNOS signaling and VEGF-A production in a PPAR dependent fashion.
C_LIO_LICEPT1 may be an important regenerative signal that is increased in the peripheral arteries in the setting of PAD.
C_LI

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=124 SRC="FIGDIR/small/642511v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@dde6ecorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@63c6c4org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@8e753dorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@b314cd_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Khan, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meade, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benedetto, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belaygorod, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saffaf, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rusconi, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, F.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adak, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arif, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaghloul, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Semenkovich, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zayed, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.11.642511</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Endothelial Cept1 Promotes Post-Ischemic Angiogenesis in a Pparα-Dependent Fashion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.11.642680v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fetal context conveys heritable protection against MLL-rearranged leukemia that depends on MLL3 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.11.642680v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MLL rearrangements (MLLr) are the most common cause of congenital and infant leukemias. MLLr arise prior to birth and require few cooperating mutations for transformation, yet congenital leukemias are 10-fold less common than infant leukemias and >100-fold less common than childhood leukemias overall. This raises the question of whether mechanisms exist to suppress leukemic transformation during fetal life, thereby protecting the developing fetus from malignancy during a period of rapid hematopoietic progenitor expansion. Here, we use mouse models to show that fetal MLL::ENL exposure creates a heritable, leukemia-resistant state. MLL::ENL imposes a negative selective pressure on fetal hematopoietic progenitors. It leads to postnatal loss of self-renewal gene expression and enhanced myeloid differentiation that precludes transformation. These changes do not occur when MLL::ENL is induced shortly after birth, and transformation proceeds efficiently in this context. The fetal barrier to transformation is enforced by the histone methyltransferase MLL3. It can be overcome by cooperating mutations, such as NrasG12D, or through somatic or germline inactivation of MLL3. Heritable fetal protection against leukemic transformation may explain the low incidence of congenital leukemias in humans despite prenatal MLL rearrangement.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mendoza-Castrejon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Denby, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casey, E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muthukumar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batista, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magee, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.11.642680</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fetal context conveys heritable protection against MLL-rearranged leukemia that depends on MLL3]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.14.643126v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Autoregulation of RPL7B by inhibition of a structural splicing enhancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.14.643126v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Yeast ribosomal protein gene RPL7B is autoregulated by inhibition of splicing. The first intron has a "zipper stem" that brings the 5 splice site near the branch point and serves as an enhancer of splicing that is required for efficient splicing because it has non-consensus branch point sequence of UGCUAAC. The intron also contains an alternative, and mutually exclusive, structure that is conserved across many yeast species. That conserved structure is a binding site for the Rpl7 protein so that when the protein is in excess over what is required for ribosomes, the protein binds to the conserved structure which eliminates the enhancer structure and represses splicing and gene expression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stormo, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Granas, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hewa, I. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.14.643126</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Autoregulation of RPL7B by inhibition of a structural splicing enhancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.14.643274v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Programmable chronogenetic gene circuits for self-regulated circadian delivery of biologic drugs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.14.643274v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cells of the body rely on the circadian clock to orchestrate daily changes in physiology that impact both homeostatic and pathological conditions, such as the inflammatory autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In RA, high levels of proinflammatory cytokines peak early in the morning hours, reflected by daily changes in joint stiffness. Chronotherapy (or circadian medicine) seeks to delivery drugs at optimal times to maximize their efficacy. However, chronotherapy remains a largely unexplored approach for disease modifying, antirheumatic treatment, particularly for cell-based therapies. In this study, we developed autonomous chronogenetic gene circuits that produce the biologic drug interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) with desired phase and amplitude. We compared expression of IL-1Ra from circuits that contained different circadian promoter elements (E-boxes, D-boxes, or RREs) and their ability to respond to inflammatory challenges in murine pre-differentiated induced pluripotent stem cells (PDiPSC) or engineered cartilage pellets. We confirmed that each circuit reliably peaked at a distinct circadian time over multiple days. Engineered cells generated significant amounts of IL-1Ra on a circadian basis, which protected them from circadian dysregulation and inflammatory damage. These programmable chronogenetic circuits have the potential to align with an individuals circadian rhythm for optimized, self-regulated daily drug delivery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cimino, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pat, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oyebamiji, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pferdehirt, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herzog, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guilak, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.14.643274</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Programmable chronogenetic gene circuits for self-regulated circadian delivery of biologic drugs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.16.643548v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Degradation of the intestinal mucus layer by the ETEC protease EatA is species specific determined by the structure of the MUC2 mucin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.16.643548v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infections are a leading cause of diarrheal illness, responsible for an estimated 100,000 deaths annually. ETEC pathogenesis is driven by various virulence factors, including toxins, adhesins, and noncanonical factors such as the protease EatA. The first line of host defense against intestinal pathogenic bacterial infections is the protective intestinal mucus layer. Here, we demonstrate the mechanism by which EatA facilitates access to the epithelial cell surface by degrading the core mucus component MUC2, thereby aiding to the infection. We identify the specific cleavage site region localized at the C-terminal of MUC2. EatAs protease activity depends on the interaction between two distinct domains, which are uniquely spaced in human MUC2, contributing to species specificity. This was confirmed using a novel chimeric mouse model solely expressing human MUC2, which allowed us to study the role of the mucus layer in the infection of human intestinal pathogens. These findings highlight how ETEC has adapted to specifically degrade the mucus layer of its human host.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Trillo-Muyo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Svensson, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vickers, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arike, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Bonete, M.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gustafsson, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wandall, H. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleckenstein, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansson, G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Post, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.16.643548</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Degradation of the intestinal mucus layer by the ETEC protease EatA is species specific determined by the structure of the MUC2 mucin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.15.643450v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CD34 serves as an intrinsic innate immune guardrail protecting stem cells from replicating retroviruses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.15.643450v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Stem cells are highly resistant to viral infection compared to their differentiated progeny, and this resistance is associated with stem cell-specific restriction factors and intrinsic interferon stimulated genes (ISGs). In HIV infection, proviral DNA has been detected in certain bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells, yet widespread stem cell infection in vivo is restricted. Intriguingly, exposing bone marrow stem cells to HIV in vitro led to viral replication selectively only in the CD34- population, but not in the CD34+ cells. The mechanism dictating this CD34-based HIV restriction remained a mystery, especially since HIV has a capacity to antagonize restriction factors and ISGs. CD34 is a common marker of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Here, we report the intrinsic antiviral properties of CD34. Expression of CD34 in HIV-1 producer cells results in the loss of progeny virion infectivity. Conversely, removal of CD34 using CRISPR/Cas9 knockout or stem cell differentiation cytokines promotes HIV-1 replication in stem cells. These results suggest that in addition to restriction factors and intrinsic ISGs, CD34 serves as a host innate protection preventing retrovirus replication in stem cells. Mechanistically, CD34 does not block viral entry, integration, and release. Instead, it becomes incorporated onto progeny virions, which inactivates virus infectivity. These findings offer new insights into innate immunity in stem cells, and highlight intriguing retrovirus-host interactions in evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haikerwal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiwari, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dabbagh, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alam, M. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoon, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hetrick, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lockhart, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.15.643450</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CD34 serves as an intrinsic innate immune guardrail protecting stem cells from replicating retroviruses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.19.644175v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tracing LYVE1+ peritoneal fluid macrophages unveils two paths to resident macrophage repopulation with differing reliance on monocytes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.19.644175v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mouse resident peritoneal macrophages, called large cavity macrophages (LCM), arise from embryonic progenitors that proliferate as mature, CD73+Gata6+ tissue-specialized macrophages. After injury from irradiation or inflammation, monocytes are thought to replenish CD73+Gata6+ LCMs through a CD73-LYVE1+ LCM intermediate. Here, we show that CD73-LYVE1+ LCMs indeed yield Gata6+CD73+ LCMs through integrin-mediated interactions with mesothelial surfaces. CD73-LYVE1+ LCM repopulation of the peritoneum was reliant upon and quantitatively proportional to recruited monocytes. Unexpectedly, fate mapping indicated that only [~]10% of Gata6-dependent LCMs that repopulated the peritoneum after injury depended on the LYVE1+ LCM stage. Further supporting nonoverlapping lifecycles of CD73-LYVE1+ and CD73+Gata6+ LCMs, in mice bearing a paucity of monocytes, Gata6+CD73+ LCMs rebounded after ablative irradiation substantially more efficiently than their presumed LYVE1+ or CD73- LCM upstream precursors. Thus, after inflammatory insult, two temporally parallel pathways, each generating distinct differentiation intermediates with varying dependencies on monocytes, contribute to the replenish hment of Gata6+ resident peritoneal macrophages.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gallerand, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mintz, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harmon, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huckstep, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kipnis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavine, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schilling, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morley, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zinselmeyer, B. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Randolph, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.19.644175</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tracing LYVE1+ peritoneal fluid macrophages unveils two paths to resident macrophage repopulation with differing reliance on monocytes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.19.644049v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Two Axes of White Matter Development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.19.644049v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite decades of neuroimaging research, how white matter develops along the length of major tracts in humans remains unknown. Here, we identify fundamental patterns of white matter maturation by examining developmental variation along major, long-range cortico-cortical tracts in youth ages 5-23 years using diffusion MRI from three large-scale, cross-sectional datasets (total N = 2,716). Across datasets, we delineate two replicable axes of human white matter development. First, we find a deep-to-superficial axis, in which superficial tract regions near the cortical surface exhibit greater age-related change than deep tract regions. Second, we demonstrate that the development of superficial tract regions aligns with the cortical hierarchy defined by the sensorimotor-association axis, with tract ends adjacent to sensorimotor cortices maturing earlier than those adjacent to association cortices. These results reveal developmental variation along tracts that conventional tract-average analyses have previously obscured, challenging the implicit assumption that white matter tracts mature uniformly along their length. Such developmental variation along tracts may have functional implications, including mitigating ephaptic coupling in densely packed deep tract regions and tuning neural synchrony through hierarchical development in superficial tract regions - ultimately refining neural transmission in youth.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Luo, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meisler, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sydnor, V. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexander-Bloch, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagautdinova, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barch, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bassett, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davatzikos, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franco, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldsmith, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gur, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gur, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaskir, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiar, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larsen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mackey, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milham, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roalf, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shafiei, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shinohara, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Somerville, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weinstein, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeatman, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cieslak, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rokem, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satterthwaite, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.19.644049</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Two Axes of White Matter Development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.20.644403v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dual-responsive synthetic gene circuit for dynamic biologic drug delivery via inflammatory and circadian signaling pathways 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.20.644403v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundEngineered cells provide versatile tools for precise, tunable drug delivery, especially when synthetic stimulus-responsive gene circuits are incorporated. In many complex disease conditions, endogenous pathologic signals such as inflammation can vary dynamically over different time scales. For example, in autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis or juvenile idiopathic arthritis, local (joint) and systemic inflammatory signals fluctuate daily, peaking in the early morning, but can also persist over long periods of time, triggering flare-ups that can last weeks to months. However, treatment with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs is typically provided at continuous high doses, regardless of disease activity and without consideration for levels of inflammatory signals. In previous studies, we have developed cell-based drug delivery systems that can automatically address the different scales of flares using either chronogenetic circuits (i.e., clock gene-responsive elements) that can be tuned for optimal drug delivery to dampen circadian variations in inflammatory levels or inflammation-responsive circuits (i.e., NF-{kappa}B-sensitive elements) that can respond to sustained arthritis flares on demand with proportional synthesis of drug. The goal of this study was to develop a novel dual-responsive synthetic gene circuit that responds to both circadian and inflammatory inputs using OR-gate logic for both daily timed therapeutic output and enhanced therapeutic output during chronic inflammatory conditions.

ResultsWe developed a synthetic gene circuit driven by tandem inflammatory NF-{kappa}B and circadian E-box response elements. When engineered into induced pluripotent stem cells that were chondrogenically differentiated, the gene circuit demonstrated basal-level circadian output with enhanced stimulus-responsive output during an inflammatory challenge shown by bioluminescence monitoring. Similarly, this system exhibited enhanced therapeutic levels of biologic drug interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) during an inflammatory challenge in differentiated cartilage pellets. This dual-responsive therapeutic gene circuit mitigated both the inflammatory response as measured by bioluminescence reporter output and tissue-level degradation during conditions mimicking an arthritic flare.

ConclusionsThe dual-responsive synthetic gene circuit developed herein responds to input cues from two key homeostatic transcriptional networks, enabling dynamic and tunable output. This proof-of-concept approach has the potential to match drug delivery to disease activity for optimal outcomes that addresses the complex environment of inflammatory arthritis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cimino, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pat, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oyebamiji, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herzog, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guilak, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.20.644403</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dual-responsive synthetic gene circuit for dynamic biologic drug delivery via inflammatory and circadian signaling pathways]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.21.644626v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cryo-EM structures of a pentameric ligand-gated ion channel in liposomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.21.644626v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Detergents and lipid nanodiscs affect the cryo-EM structures of pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (pLGICs) including ELIC. To determine the structure of a pLGIC in a membrane environment that supports ion channel function, we performed single particle cryo-EM of ELIC in liposomes. ELIC activation and desensitization were confirmed in liposomes with a stopped-flow thallium flux assay. Using WT ELIC and a non-desensitizing mutant (ELIC5), we captured resting, activated and desensitized structures at high resolution. In the desensitized structure, the ion conduction pore has a constriction at the 9 leucine of the pore-lining M2 helix, indicating that 9 is the desensitization gate in ELIC. The agonist-bound structures of ELIC in liposomes are distinct from those in nanodiscs. In general, the transmembrane domain is more loosely packed in liposomes compared to nanodiscs. It has been suggested that large nanodiscs are superior for supporting membrane protein function. However, ELIC localizes to the rim of large circularized nanodiscs, and structures of ELIC in large nanodiscs deviate from the liposome structures more than those in small nanodiscs. Using liposomes for cryo-EM structure determination of a pLGIC increases our confidence that the structures are snapshots of functional states.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dalal, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, B. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, W. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.21.644626</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cryo-EM structures of a pentameric ligand-gated ion channel in liposomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.24.645022v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Temporal fMRI Dynamics Map Dopamine Physiology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.24.645022v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spatial variations in dopamine function are linked to cognition and substance use disorders but are challenging to characterize with current methods. Because dopamine influences blood vessel dilation, we hypothesized that hemodynamic latency, which reflects BOLD signal timing, could serve as an indirect marker of dopamine physiology. Across four datasets, we found a topography of hemodynamic latencies that precisely distinguished the nucleus accumbens, a dopaminergic region implicated in motivation and substance abuse, from other striatal regions. Using PET, genetics, and pharmacology, we found that hemodynamic latencies are robustly related to dopamine function and dopamine-linked behavior. In individuals with cocaine use disorder, we observed a spatial gradient of altered hemodynamic latencies in the striatum. This pattern independently predicted nicotine use, revealing a conserved physiological profile associated with addictive substance use. Hemodynamic latencies map regional, individual, and pathological differences linked to dopamine, opening new avenues for indirectly assessing the role of dopamine in healthy cognition and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ballard, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappas, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furman, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berry, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frederick, B. d.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kayser, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jagust, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Esposito, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.24.645022</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Temporal fMRI Dynamics Map Dopamine Physiology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.25.645367v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human sensory neurons exhibit cell-type-specific, pain-associated differences in intrinsic excitability and expression of SCN9A and SCN10A 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.25.645367v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite major advances in pain science, the approval of novel therapeutics has been slow. A major cause for the lack of new analgesics may be fundamental biological differences between humans and model organisms used in preclinical research. Large-scale transcriptional profiling efforts on human dorsal root ganglia (hDRG) have now identified at least 22 distinct neuronal subtypes; however, a significant knowledge gap exists in ascribing functional phenotypes to these diverse neuronal populations. In this study, we use Patch-seq recordings in hDRG to link electrical properties to transcriptionally defined cell types. First, through unbiased clustering of electrophysiological properties from 228 hDRG neurons, we identify three electrophysiological subtypes (E-types). Next, we show that E-types can be mapped onto specific transcriptional classes (T-types) of hDRG neurons. We find that donors pain history is associated with E-type-specific differences in electrical properties, some of which may be associated with higher expression of voltage-gated sodium channels, NaV1.7 and NaV1.8. These results highlight the importance of using multimodal profiling to better understand human sensory neuron biology and may help reveal novel therapeutic targets driving chronic pain.

TeaserMapping electrical properties to transcriptional profiles of human sensory neurons offers new insights into pain neurobiology
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Widman, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toliver, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertels, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Del Rosario, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slivicki, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payne, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dourson, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mwirigi, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chamessian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Copits, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gereau, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.25.645367</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human sensory neurons exhibit cell-type-specific, pain-associated differences in intrinsic excitability and expression of SCN9A and SCN10A]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.26.645448v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phase transition pathways encode distinct physicochemical properties of biomolecular condensates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.26.645448v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The same intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) can form biomolecular condensates through distinct thermodynamic phase transition processes, such as temperature-dependent and osmosis-dependent pathways. These distinct thermodynamic driving forces should, in principle, induce phase transition by modulating different features of the solvent environments, so that different driving forces should correspond with distinct sequence grammars for phase transition. However, whether the molecular driving force is pathway-dependent and how these different pathways can define the properties and functions of condensates are largely unknown. Here, by employing a diverse set of solid-state and solution-state NMR techniques, we uncover that different phase transition pathways of the monomer unit of an IDP define the types of molecular interactions driving phase transition and stabilizing dense phases. By establishing a complete chemical shift profile of the IDP unit, we identified a unique interaction mode that specifically initiates the upper critical solution temperature transition process, an anion-dependent cation-pi interaction, in which Asp acts as a bistable molecular switch regulating a stepwise Arg-Tyr interaction in a critical temperature-dependent manner. We further show that the pathway-dependent molecular interactions encode condensates formed by the same IDP to exhibit different physical and electrochemical properties, which in turn enable distinct functions of condensates. Our study shows that besides the defined sequence grammar of a given IDP, the molecular driving forces under specific transition processes are different and can determine the structure and properties of condensates, which emphasizes an overlooked role of transition pathway on encoding the functions of condensates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ren, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.26.645448</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phase transition pathways encode distinct physicochemical properties of biomolecular condensates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.26.645295v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Establishment of a Reverse Genetics System for the Study of Human Immune Functions in Mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.26.645295v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Reverse genetics approaches in mice are widely utilized to understand gene functions and their aberrations in diseases. However, limitations exist in translating findings from animal models to human physiology. Humanized mice provide a powerful bridge to understanding human physiology and mechanisms of diseases pathogenesis while maintaining the feasibility of working with small animals. Methods for generating humanized mouse models that allow scientists to probe contributions of particular genes have been rudimentary. Here, we established an efficient method for generating genetically modified human cord blood derived CD34+ cells for transplantation, resulting in humanized mice with near-complete loss of specific gene expression by the human immune system. Mice transplanted with Cas9-edited human CD34+ cells recapitulate functional consequences of specific gene losses in the human immune system. This advancement enables the development of humanized mouse models with targeted gene knockouts, offering a valuable research tool for human gene function studies in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pal, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cella, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.26.645295</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Establishment of a Reverse Genetics System for the Study of Human Immune Functions in Mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.29.646090v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Machine Learning-Based Identification of Survival-Associated CpG Biomarkers in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.29.646090v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an exceptionally aggressive cancer with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%, driven by late-stage diagnosis, limited treatment options, and a lack of reliable biomarkers for early detection and prognosis. In this study, we integrated DNA methylation data from TCGA and ICGC cohorts, categorizing samples based on survival time, and identified 684 differentially methylated CpG sites, along with 224 CpG biomarkers significantly associated with patient survival through statistical and machine learning-based analyses. We developed a random forest model to predict patient survival, achieving 85.2% accuracy for short-survival patients and 70.0% for long-survival patients in the validation set. External dataset validation further confirmed the models robustness and accuracy. De novo motif analysis of genomic regions surrounding the 224 CpG biomarkers identified TWIST1 and FOXA2 as key transcriptional regulators enriched in survival-associated CpG sites, linking their activity to patient survival outcomes. Collectively, our findings highlight valuable epigenetic biomarkers and provide a predictive model to assess PDAC risk levels post-surgery, offering the potential for improved patient stratification and personalized therapeutic strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.29.646090</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Machine Learning-Based Identification of Survival-Associated CpG Biomarkers in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.29.646092v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Expression spectrum of TE-derived transcripts in human adult tissues 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.29.646092v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transposable elements (TEs) are vital components of eukaryotic genomes and have played a critical role in genome evolution. Although most TEs are silenced in the mammalian genome, increasing evidence suggests that certain TEs are actively involved in gene regulation during early developmental stages. However, the extent to which human TEs drive gene transcription in adult tissues remains largely unexplored. In this study, we systematically analyzed 17,329 human transcriptomes to investigate how TEs influence gene transcription across 47 adult tissues. Our findings reveal that TE-derived transcripts are broadly expressed in human tissues, contributing to both housekeeping functions and tissue-specific gene regulation. We identified sex-specific expression of TE-derived transcripts regulated by sex hormones in breast tissue between females and males. Our results demonstrated that TE-derived alternative transcription initiation significantly enhances the variety of translated protein products, e.g., changes in the N-terminal peptide length of WNT2B caused by TE-derived transcription result in isoform-specific subcellular localization. Additionally, we identified 68 human-specific TE-derived transcripts associated with metabolic processes and environmental adaptation. Together, these findings highlight the pivotal evolutionary role of TEs in shaping the human transcriptome, demonstrating how conserved and human-specific TEs contribute to transcriptional and translational innovation in human genome evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Miao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>WU, T. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ademovic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.29.646092</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Expression spectrum of TE-derived transcripts in human adult tissues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.31.645805v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Circadian rhythms and the light-dark cycle interact to regulate amyloid plaque accumulation and tau phosphorylation in 5xFAD mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.31.645805v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundCircadian disruption has long been appreciated as a downstream consequence of Alzheimers Disease in humans. However, an upstream role for behavioral circadian disruption in regulating AD pathology remains an open question.

MethodsTo determine the role of the central circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in regulating amyloid pathology, we generated mice harboring deletion of the critical clock gene Bmal1 in GABAergic neurons using VGAT-iCre, which is expressed in >95% of SCN cells, and crossed this line to the 5xFAD amyloid mouse model. To examine the role of the light-dark cycle in this process, we aged these mice in either regular 12:12 light-dark (LD) or constant darkness (DD) conditions. Transcriptional, behavioral, and physiological rhythms were examined in VGAT-iCre; Bmal1fl/fl; 5xFAD (VGAT-BMAL1KO;5xFAD) mice under varying light conditions. Amyloid plaque deposition, peri-plaque tau phosphorylation, glial activation, and transcriptomic changes were examined.

ResultsVGAT-BMAL1KO;5xFAD mice showed loss of SCN BMAL1 expression and severe disruption of behavioral rhythms in both LD and DD, with loss of day-night rhythms in consolidated sleep and blunting of rhythmic clock gene expression in the brain. Surprisingly, VGAT-BMAL1KO;5xFAD mice kept under LD showed reduced total plaque accumulation and peri-plaque tau phosphorylation, compared to Cre-negative controls. These changes were gated by the light-dark cycle, as they were absent in VGAT-BMAL1KO;5xFAD mice kept in DD conditions. Total plaque accumulation was also reduced in control 5xFAD mice kept in DD as compared to LD, suggesting a general effect of light-dark cycle on amyloid aggregation. Expression of murine presenilin 1 (Psen1), as well as amyloidogenic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein, were suppressed in VGAT-BMAL1KO;5xFAD specifically under LD conditions.

ConclusionsIn 5xFAD mice, the central circadian clock and the light-dark cycle interact to regulate amyloid pathology. Disruption of the central clock in the presence of a light-dark cycle may reduce APP cleavage and plaque formation. These results call into question the proposed simple positive feedback loop between circadian rhythm disruption and Alzheimers Disease pathology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>King, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacob, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawrence, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weaver, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Musiek, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.31.645805</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Circadian rhythms and the light-dark cycle interact to regulate amyloid plaque accumulation and tau phosphorylation in 5xFAD mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.01.646645v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A new chromosome-level genome assembly for western painted turtle Chrysemys picta belli, a model for extreme physiological adaptations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.01.646645v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The western painted turtle, Chrysemys picta bellii, has the greatest tolerance to anoxia of any tetrapod studied to date. These turtles reside in the northern United States and southern Canada, and survive months of anoxia while submerged in ice-locked ponds and bogs. Reference genomes provide an important resource for elucidating the molecular bases for such unique physiological traits. An initial reference genome for this species was published in 2013, but the assembly is highly fragmented which poses several limitations for downstream analyses and biological interpretation. In this study, we created a new and improved assembly by combining PacBio HiFi, 10x Genomics Chromium, Hi-C sequence data and BioNano optical mapping derived from a single individual to generate a new haplotype-resolved chromosome-level assembly for C. picta bellii, called "SLU_Cpb5.0". The genome size of the primary assembly is 2.372 Gb with a scaffold N50 of 133.6 Mb, which is a 6.5-fold improvement over the existing assembly. Genome annotation of SLU_Cpb5.0 revealed 12,242 novel genes compared to previous assemblies. Our PacBio Iso-Seq RNA sequencing data for twelve tissues unraveled over 100,000 novel transcript isoforms and 4,325 novel genes that were not annotated by standard NCBI pipeline. We also observed distinct patterns of tissue-specific isoform expression, creating a robust foundation for future characterization of the functions of these genes. The improved genome assembly and annotation will facilitate comparative genomics studies to better understand the genetic basis of C.picta belliis extreme physiological adaptations and other aspects of its biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bermingham, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minx, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kremitzky, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warren, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.01.646645</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A new chromosome-level genome assembly for western painted turtle Chrysemys picta belli, a model for extreme physiological adaptations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.07.647641v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Thermotropic Properties of Large, Circularized Nanodiscs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.07.647641v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nanodiscs, soluble membrane mimetics composed of an amphipathic membrane scaffold protein encircling a lipid bilayer, are widely used in biophysical and structural studies of membrane proteins. Because many membrane proteins are responsive to their membrane environment, through specific protein-lipid interactions and bulk membrane shape and structure, it is important to understand the properties of lipid bilayers contained within nanodiscs in order to interpret studies using this technology. Nanodiscs are known to alter lipid properties, such as membrane thickness and melting temperature, and interactions with the nanodisc rim have been hypothesized to produce local perturbations in lipid structure and dynamics. Larger nanodiscs should compensate for this effect with a larger unperturbed area. To test this hypothesis, we examined the lipid bilayer properties of several lipids (DMPC, DPPC, POPC, DSPC) and soy polar extract in circularized nanodiscs of 11 nm to 50 nm diameter using the environmentally-sensitive fluorophore, Laurdan. In nanodiscs containing a single lipid type, as nanodisc size increased, lipid packing, melting temperature, and cooperativity better approximated the properties of that lipid in large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs). In spNW50 (50 nm nanodisc), the lipid packing and melting temperature were identical to LUVs. However, nanodiscs containing soy polar lipids did not follow this trend suggesting that complex lipid mixtures may produce preferential incorporation of lipids into the nanodisc or nonhomogeneous distribution of lipids within the nanodisc.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arcario, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalal, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, W. W.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.07.647641</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Thermotropic Properties of Large, Circularized Nanodiscs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.14.648819v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Autophagy-Dependent Regulation of YAP1 by STK38 Governs Recruitment of Differentiated Cells as Progenitor Cells During Regeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.14.648819v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Paligenosis is a conserved cellular plasticity program that allows mature cells to reenter the cell cycle in response to tissue injury. Paligenosis progresses via three stages: autodegradation (with dramatic increase in autophagy and lysosomes), induction of metaplastic or fetal-like genes, and cell cycle entry. Hippo signaling, particularly the downstream effector YAP1, regulates cellular plasticity, but its role in paligenosis has not been studied. Here we first examine paligenosis in digestive-enzyme-secreting chief cells in mouse stomach. We identify Serine/Threonine Kinase 38 (STK38) as a non-canonical YAP1 kinase that phosphorylated and deactivated YAP1 in uninjured chief cells. During paligenosis, STK38 was degraded by autophagy in stage 1, dephosphorylating and activating YAP1. YAP1 activation was necessary and sufficient for the paligenosis that converts chief cells into metaplastic, proliferating progenitors. Additionally, we show STK38, like canonical Hippo kinases, interact with NF2. We also observed the same pattern of YAP1 induction via autophagic destruction of STK38 in other tissues and cell types, suggesting a universal logic model for how the massive autophagy activated in differentiated cells during tissue damage can consequently activate Hippo effectors to induce plasticity for tissue regeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zeng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bark, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willet, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mills, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.14.648819</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Autophagy-Dependent Regulation of YAP1 by STK38 Governs Recruitment of Differentiated Cells as Progenitor Cells During Regeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.12.648529v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SKIDA1 transiently sustains MLL::ENL-Expressing hematopoietic progenitors during neonatal stages and promotes B-lineage priming 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.12.648529v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Infant leukemias arise as B-cell acute lymphocytic (B-ALL) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The majority are driven by chromosomal rearrangements of the MLL/ KMT2A gene (MLLr) and arise in utero, implying a fetal cell of origin. Fetal and neonatal hematopoietic progenitors have unique transcriptomes and epigenomes, raising the question of whether MLL fusion proteins activate distinct target gene profiles during these early stages of life. Here, we use a transgenic mouse model of MLL::ENL-driven leukemia to identify Skida1 as a target gene that is more highly induced in fetal and neonatal progenitors than in adult progenitors. SKIDA1 is highly expressed in human MLLr leukemias and the protein associates with the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2). We show that Skida1 is dispensable for normal hematopoiesis, but it promotes B-cell priming and maintains MLL::ENL-expressing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and multipotent progenitor cells (MPPs) during neonatal development. Conditional deletion of Skida1 has no effect on normal HSC function, yet it impairs B-cell production from neonatal MLL::ENL-expressing HSCs while leaving myeloid leukemogenesis unaffected. Temporally-restricted targets of MLL fusion proteins, such as SKIDA1, can therefore tune cell fates at different ages, potentially influencing the types MLLr leukemias that arise at different ages.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mendoza-Castrejon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Denby, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muthukumar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casey, E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tasian, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magee, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.12.648529</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SKIDA1 transiently sustains MLL::ENL-Expressing hematopoietic progenitors during neonatal stages and promotes B-lineage priming]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.15.648822v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development of a 24-Channel 3T Phased-Array Coil for fMRI in Awake Monkeys - Mitigating Spatiotemporal Artifacts in Ferumoxytol-Weighted Functional Connectivity Estimation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.15.648822v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of awake macaque monkeys holds promise for advancing our understanding of primate brain organization, including humans. However, estimating functional connectivity in awake animals is challenging due to the limited duration of imaging sessions and the relatively low sensitivity to neural activity. To overcome these challenges, we developed a 24-channel 3T receive radiofrequency (RF) coil optimized for parallel imaging of awake macaques. This enabled the acquisition of multiband and GRAPPA-accelerated ferumoxytol-weighted resting-state fMRI. The Human Connectome Project-style data processing pipelines were adapted to address the unique preprocessing demands of cerebral blood volume-weighted (CBVw) imaging, including motion correction, functional-to-structural image co-registration, and training a multi-run independent component analysis-based X-noiseifier (ICA-FIX) classifier for removal of structured artifacts. Our CBVw fMRI approach resulted in an elevated contrast-to-noise ratio compared to blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) imaging in anesthetized macaques. However, structured imaging artifacts still contributed more variance to the functional timeseries than neural activity. By applying the ICA-FIX classifier, we achieved highly reproducible parcellated functional connectivity at the single-subject level. At the group-level, we identified dense functional networks with spatial features homologous to those observed in humans. The developed RF receive coil, image acquisition protocols, and data analysis pipelines are publicly available, providing the broader scientific community with tools to leverage these advances for further research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Autio, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoshida, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawabata, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ohno, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nishigori, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ose, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Essen, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glasser, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayashi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.15.648822</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development of a 24-Channel 3T Phased-Array Coil for fMRI in Awake Monkeys - Mitigating Spatiotemporal Artifacts in Ferumoxytol-Weighted Functional Connectivity Estimation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.15.648986v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Temporal-orbitofrontal pathway regulates choices across physical reward and visual novelty 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.15.648986v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Perceptually novel objects have profound impacts on our daily decisions. People often pay to try novel meals over familiar ones, or to see novel visual scenes at art exhibits and travel destinations. This suggests that perceptual novelty and the value of physical rewards, such as food, interact at the level of neural circuits to guide decisions, but where and how is unknown. We designed a behavioral task to study this novelty-reward interaction in animals and to uncover its neural underpinnings. Subjects chose among familiar offers associated with different expectations of novel objects and different expectations of juice rewards. Expectation of novel objects increased the preference for expected rewards. This novelty-reward interaction was reflected by neural activity in the anterior ventral temporal cortex (AVMTC) - a region previously implicated in the detection and prediction of novelty - and in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) - an area that receives prominent AVMTC inputs and is known for its capacity to signal subjective value of visual objects. Neural activity patterns suggested that AVMTC was upstream of OFC in the decision process. Chemogenetic disruption of the AVMTC[-&gt;]OFC circuit altered the impact of expected novelty on the valuation of physical reward. Hence, the ventral visual system impacts novelty-reward interactions during decisions through direct projections to OFC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ogasawara, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snyder, A. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perlmutter, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minamimoto, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Inoue, K.-i.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takada, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monosov, I. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.15.648986</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Temporal-orbitofrontal pathway regulates choices across physical reward and visual novelty]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.15.648990v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Linking neuron-axon-synapse architecture to white matter vasculature using high-resolution multimodal MRI in primate brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.15.648990v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Blood vessels and axons align outside the brain due to shared growth factors. However, this neuron-axon-synapse and vessel relationship within the brain white matter remains unclear, primarily due to the technical challenges of charting the complex trajectories of fiber tracts and the dense network of arteries. Consequently, the organizational logic and neurometabolic factors shaping white matter vasculature remain poorly understood. Here, we address these questions using high-resolution multimodal MRI, in vitro neuron density, and receptor autoradiography in macaque monkeys. In superficial white matter, vascularity exhibited parallel alignment with the cortical surface. This vascularity showed negligible dependence on overlying gray matter neuron density (R2 = 0.01), minimal dependence on white matter myelination (R2 = 0.10), and moderate correlation with receptor density (R2 = 0.27). These suggest an association of vascularity with energy demands and axonal branching. In deep white matter, axon geometry, density, and proximity to the cortical surface predict vascular volume with high precision (R2 = 0.62). Overall, these findings establish a relation between neuron-axon-synapse architecture and white matter vasculature in the primate brain, offering advances in understanding the organization and pathophysiology of white matter.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kimura, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayashi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Autio, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.15.648990</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Linking neuron-axon-synapse architecture to white matter vasculature using high-resolution multimodal MRI in primate brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.21.649048v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Long-range massively parallel reporter assay reveals rules of distal enhancer-promoter interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.21.649048v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Long-range activation is an essential property of enhancers, yet the features determining long-range enhancer activities have not been systematically investigated due to a lack of high-throughput methods to measure long-range enhancer activities efficiently. To address this gap, we present a long-range massively parallel reporter assay (long-range MPRA), an assay allowing the measurement of hundreds of enhancers at multiple distances from a genome-integrated promoter. The long-range MPRA assay features two independent landing pads, allowing modular control over the genome-integrated promoter and enhancer libraries. We showcased the capability of long-range MPRA by testing over 300 K562 enhancers, as well as a set of enhancer combinations, at distances up to 100 kb. We found that enhancers long-range activities are primarily determined by their intrinsic strength, with strong enhancers retaining more activity over long distances, while weak enhancers rapidly lose activity. Additionally, we found that GATA1-bound enhancers are more resistant to distance-dependent loss of activity, suggesting that TF binding also modulates long-range function. Finally, testing long-range enhancer activities with three different promoters (HBE, HBG and GAPDH) revealed that long-range enhancer-promoter interactions rely on not only enhancer properties but also promoter responsiveness.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartley-Dier, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pitts, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.21.649048</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Long-range massively parallel reporter assay reveals rules of distal enhancer-promoter interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.21.649824v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Early-Life Environmental Exposures Reprogram Epigenomic Aging to Alter Gene Expression Trajectories 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.21.649824v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To understand how early-life environmental exposures shape health and disease risk across the lifecourse, the TaRGET II Consortium exposed mice to diverse toxicants from pre-conception through weaning, and followed individual animals into adulthood, generating over 800 epigenomic and transcriptomic profiles. These profiles revealed that early-life exposures induced persistent epigenomic reprogramming and significantly disrupted the adult transcriptome. Notably, despite their diverse mechanisms of action, the exposure signatures of the xenoestrogen BPA, obesogen TBT, dioxin TCDD, and air pollutant PM2.5, were all largely comprised of genes normally differentially expressed during liver aging. Epigenetic histone modifications at enhancers--and, to a lesser extent, promoters--emerged as key targets for this reprogramming. Despite differing mechanisms of action, these four toxicants imparted similar "fingerprints" on the adult liver, characterized by direction-and cell type-specific polarization of the transcriptome. Hepatocyte genes that typically increase with age, particularly those in metabolic pathways, were downregulated, while conversely, non-parenchymal cell genes that typically decrease with age, such as those involved in extracellular matrix production, were upregulated. A similar signature of anti-correlation with programmed aging aging was also found in the transcriptome of patients with liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and was effective at distinguishing healthy from diseased human livers. These findings demonstrate that the plasticity of epigenomic aging is vulnerable to early-life environmental exposures, which can reprogram the epigenome with lasting impacts on the transcriptome, and disease risk, later in life.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Grimm, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jangid, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartolomei, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolinoy, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aylor, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mutlu, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biswal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>TaRGET II Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coarfa, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.21.649824</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Early-Life Environmental Exposures Reprogram Epigenomic Aging to Alter Gene Expression Trajectories]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.21.649883v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molnupiravir inhibits Bourbon virus infection and disease-associated pathology in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.21.649883v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bourbon virus (BRBV) is an emerging tick-borne virus that can cause severe and fatal disease in humans. BRBV is vectored via the Amblyomma americanum tick, which is widely distributed throughout the central, eastern, and southern United States. Serosurveillance studies in Missouri and North Carolina identified BRBV-neutralizing antibodies in approximately 0.6% of tested individuals. To date, no specific antiviral therapy exists. Molnupiravir, an antiviral drug with oral bioavailability, has shown broad-spectrum antiviral activity against RNA viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Here, we investigated the antiviral activity of molnupiravir against BRBV infection in cell culture and a mouse model of BRBV disease. Molnupiravir suppressed BRBV production in cells. In vivo, pre-exposure administration of molnupiravir protected susceptible type I interferon receptor knockout (Ifnar1-/-) mice against lethal BRBV infection. The protection by molnupiravir was associated with lower virus burden in mouse tissues, improvement of T cell (CD4+, CD8+) and B cell (follicular) profiles in the spleen, improvement of severe thrombocytopenia, and reduced pathology in the spleen and liver of BRBV-infected animals. Finally, therapeutic administration of molnupiravir starting 24 or 48 hours after infection ameliorated weight loss, clinical signs of disease, and lethality associated with BRBV infection. Overall, our experiments suggest that molnupiravir as a potential antiviral therapy for evaluation in humans with BRBV infections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bamunuarachchi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bricker, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seehra, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karp, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamond, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boon, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.21.649883</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molnupiravir inhibits Bourbon virus infection and disease-associated pathology in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.17.649412v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Subtle Cellular Phenotypes Inform Pathological and Benign Genetic Mutants in the Iduronidase-2 Sulfatase Gene 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.17.649412v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As with most enzyme-storage disorders, DNA testing at an early age is critical for identifying genetic variants and their impact on disease burden. Still, most variants in genes such as Iduronate-2-sulfatase, IDS, are Variants of Uncertain Significance (VUS). In patients presenting with Hunter Syndrome, clinical testing for IDS enzyme activity has been the mainstay to determine whether a variant is likely damaging. However, these enzyme assays are unable to predict disease severity or neuronal toxicity and may be missing many aspects of IDS pathology. In this study, we have developed an image-based assay using genome-engineered cells with IDS mutations to identify if a specific mutation causes lysosomal and membrane disruptions that characterize the disease. Specifically, we generate twelve mutant cell lines and document both the biochemical changes in IDS activity and the reproducible phenotypic differences therein. Next, we examine two patient-derived cell lines and find the same phenotypic differences in these lines compared to parental controls. The phenotypic changes are measured on a specific scale, which we term the PathScoreLC. To determine whether the observed changes are specific to IDS, we reintroduce a recombinant version of the IDS enzyme (rhIDS) to rescue both the biochemical and phenotypic changes of these cells. Interestingly, even after 120 hours, rescue is present, but not all the cells return to normal, which may also reflect the pathological state. Finally, we examine the gene expression differences and find that recombinant enzyme is not sufficient to induce transcriptional changes in the mutant lines at the time points studied. Overall, these cell-based lysosomal and membrane phenotypes may be key to quickly and accurately profiling clinical variants in the IDS gene.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Viswanathan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elia, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, S. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doray, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waligorski, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelley, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchser, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickson, P. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.17.649412</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Subtle Cellular Phenotypes Inform Pathological and Benign Genetic Mutants in the Iduronidase-2 Sulfatase Gene]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.18.649610v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genomic and Immunogenomic Profiling of Extramedullary Acute Myeloid Leukemia Reveals Actionable Clonal Branching and Frequent Immune Editing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.18.649610v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Extramedullary acute myeloid leukemia (eAML) is a rare form of myeloid neoplasm characterized by leukemic infiltration outside the bone marrow (BM). Despite its prognostic significance, eAML is often underdiagnosed and poorly characterized at molecular level. We performed a comprehensive genomic and immunogenomic profiling on paired BM and extramedullary specimens from 26 eAML patients, alongside over 400 AML cases without extramedullary involvement and 97 healthy controls. Clonal branching from BM was observed in 38.5% of extramedullary sites, frequently involving actionable mutations in FLT3, IDH2 and NPM1 genes. Both compartments were enriched in RAS pathway mutations and class II HLA losses, suggesting active immunoediting mechanisms driving eAML development. Strikingly all relapsed cases acquired FLT3 aberrations, highlighting therapeutic opportunities. These findings underpin the need for improved detection and routine genomic profiling, including targeted sequencing of suspected extramedullary lesions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Collignon, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hercus, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruzinova, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guepin, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonmati, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubio, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feugier, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaudfrin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sartelet, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Divoux, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muller, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heath, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uy, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spencer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pagliuca, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferraro, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.18.649610</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genomic and Immunogenomic Profiling of Extramedullary Acute Myeloid Leukemia Reveals Actionable Clonal Branching and Frequent Immune Editing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.19.649650v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Induction of TFEB promotes Kupffer cell survival and reduces lipid accumulation and inflammation in MASLD 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.19.649650v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Kupffer cells (KCs) are the tissue-resident macrophage of the liver where they serve a critical role in maintaining liver tissue homeostasis and as a filter for circulation. The composition of liver macrophages changes during metabolic dysfunction-associated liver disease (MASLD), with the loss of resident KCs being a hallmark of disease progression. The mechanism(s) and consequences of KC death in metabolic liver disease have yet to be defined. Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a master regulator of lysosome function and lipid metabolism which has been shown to protect macrophages from lipid stress in atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that TFEB would improve KC fitness in MASLD. To investigate this possibility, we created a transgenic mice in which TFEB was induced specifically in KCs. We found that TFEB induction protected KCs from cell death in two mouse models of MASLD. KC preservation through TFEB induction reduced liver steatosis via a mechanism that was dependent on macrophage lysosomal lipolysis and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. The protection from cell death in TFEB KCs was the result of reduced oxidative stress and ferroptosis through a mechanism that involved enhanced NADPH levels. Together, we provide evidence that TFEB promotes KC fitness during MASLD and orchestrates beneficial effects on liver pathology, thus providing potential targets to develop cell-specific therapeutics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chan, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daemen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beatty, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Byrnes, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferguson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feldstein, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Florczak, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, B. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Javaheri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finck, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Razani, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schilling, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.19.649650</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Induction of TFEB promotes Kupffer cell survival and reduces lipid accumulation and inflammation in MASLD]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.23.648848v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
2H MRI-based quantification of leucine uptake in glioblastoma multiforme 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.23.648848v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glioblastoma (GBM) brain tumors are among the most lethal of all human cancers, with a median survival time of [~]15 months. Treatment planning requires radiologic demarcation of tumor boundaries with contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE MRI); however, significant tumor burden extends beyond the contrast-enhancing margins of the tumor. GBM tumors have an increased expression of amino acid (AA) transporters, including the Alanine, Serine, Cysteine Transporter 2 (ASCT2) and the L-Type Amino Acid Transporter 1 (LAT1). This upregulation has been leveraged in positron emission tomography (PET) studies to detect tumor burden beyond the contrast-enhancing margins identified by standard-of-care CE MRI. Here we leverage recent approaches in deuterium metabolic magnetic resonance with this known upregulation of AA transporters in GBM to demonstrate that 2H MR can detect glioma based on enhanced branched- chain amino acid (BCAA) uptake. To the best of our knowledge, these data represent the first non- invasive quantification of AA concentrations in brain tumor and raises the potential to (i) detect tumor burden beyond contrast-enhancing margins and (ii) quantify AA metabolism using 2H MR spectroscopy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McClendon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grief, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fortin Ensign, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kodibagkar, V. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garbow, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beeman, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.23.648848</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[2H MRI-based quantification of leucine uptake in glioblastoma multiforme]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.23.650176v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Characterization of betacoronavirus HKU-1 and OC43 internal proteins using a prototypic coronavirus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.23.650176v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Coronaviruses express a repertoire of accessory proteins for evading host immune responses. A small internal (I) accessory protein is expressed by the genus Betacoronavirus. Previous studies reported that the I proteins of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 inhibit type I interferon (IFN-I) expression through distinct mechanisms and have different roles in pathogenesis. Human coronaviruses (hCoV) HKU1 and OC43 are betacoronaviruses that also encode the I protein as an accessory protein. Although hCoV-HKU1 and hCoV-OC43 predominantly cause common cold in healthy adults, susceptible individuals infected with these viruses can develop severe disease. However, the virulence factors contributing to pathogenesis after infection with common cold CoVs (CCCoVs) have not been fully characterized. In particular, the functions of the hCoV-HKU1 and hCoV-OC43 I proteins have not been previously reported. The lack of robust reverse genetic systems, tissue culture and animal models limit the study of hCoV-HKU1 and hCoV-OC43 pathogenesis. Here, we examine the role of the hCoV-HKU1 and hCoV-OC43 I proteins in pathogenesis using a prototypic coronavirus. We introduce the I proteins of hCoV-HKU1 and hCoV-OC43 independently to a neurotropic strain of mouse hepatitis virus (J2.2). J2.2 infection is well characterized with clearly defined immune responses which allows the study of I proteins in the context of authentic coronavirus infection. We show that the I protein of hCoV-HKU1, but not that of hCoV-OC43, ameliorates MHV-J2.2 pathogenesis while the I protein of MERS-CoV exacerbates disease. The presence of the hCoV-HKU1 I protein decreases virus titers and cytokine expression while the I protein of MERS-CoV leads to increased immune cell infiltration and virus titers in mice after J2.2 infection. Moreover, the I proteins of hCoV-HKU1 and hCoV-OC43 show different patterns of subcellular localization. Overall, our findings suggest that the I protein of different betacoronaviruses play unique roles in pathogenesis.

Author SummaryFactors governing the differences in the pathogenicity between highly pathogenic human coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARSR-CoV-2) and seasonal coronaviruses (hCoV-HKU1 and hCoV-OC43) are not completely understood. These differences are at least in part contributed to by the accessory proteins encoded between these two groups of human coronaviruses. The use of a heterologous coronavirus infection model provides an isogenic background for the direct comparison of viral proteins encoded by various coronaviruses. In this study, we compare the role of one of the accessory proteins encoded by betacoronaviruses, the I protein, in mediating disease outcome using a prototypic coronavirus. We demonstrate that the I protein of the highly pathogenic MERS-CoV but not that of the seasonal coronaviruses HKU1 and OC43 contributes to enhanced disease in the context of MHV-J2.2 infection, highlighting that virus-specific functions of accessory proteins encoded by different hCoVs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gunawardene, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pandey, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatterjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penaflor-Tellez, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Odle, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Messyasz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajsbaum, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sariol, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, L.-Y. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.23.650176</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Characterization of betacoronavirus HKU-1 and OC43 internal proteins using a prototypic coronavirus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.23.650305v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The representational geometry of out-of-distribution generalization in primary visual cortex and artificial neural networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.23.650305v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Humans and other animals display a remarkable ability to generalize learned knowledge to novel domains, a phenomenon known as out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization. This capability is thought to depend on the format of neural population representations; however, the specific geometrical properties that support OOD generalization and the learning objectives that give rise to them remain poorly understood. Here, we examine the OOD generalization of neural population representations of static grating orientations in the mouse visual cortex. We show that a decoder trained on neural responses within a restricted orientation domain can generalize to held-out orientation domains. The quality of generalization correlates with both the dimensionality and the curvature of the underlying neural representation manifold. Notably, similar OOD-generalizable geometry emerges in a deep neural network trained to predict the next frame in natural video sequences. These findings reveal the representational geometric properties underlying OOD generalization, and suggest that predictive learning objectives offer a promising approach for acquiring generalizable representation geometry.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ye, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wessel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.23.650305</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The representational geometry of out-of-distribution generalization in primary visual cortex and artificial neural networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.22.650086v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantum Magnetization Exchange through Transient Hydrogen Bond Matrix Defines Magnetic Resonance Signal Relaxation and Anisotropy in Central Nervous System 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.22.650086v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The integrity of cellular membranes (lipid bilayers) and myelin sheaths covering axons is a crucial feature controlling normal brain structural and functional networks. Yet, in vivo evaluation of this integrity at the nanoscale level of the cellular membranes organization is challenging.

Herein we explore the dual property of biological water in Central Nervous System (CNS), as one of the major stabilizing factors of cellular membranes, and the major source of MRI signal. We introduce the Basic Transient Hydrogen Bond (THB) model of the MR signal relaxation due to the quantum spin/magnetization exchanges within the THB Matrix encompassing water molecules and membrane-forming macromolecules.

Our data show the existence of two THB Matrix components with distinct lifetimes - one in a few nano-second range, and another in the range of tens nanoseconds. Importantly, the former component facilitates longitudinal relaxation of MR signal, the latter contributes to its transverse relaxation and causes the anisotropy of MR signal relaxation. These distinct features offer opportunity to study nanoscale level microstructure of cellular membranes. Furthermore, the ability to differentiate distinct THB Matrix components based on their MR signal relaxation properties can be fundamental to identifying pathological changes and enhancing disease visibility on MRI scans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yablonskiy, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sukstanskii, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.22.650086</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantum Magnetization Exchange through Transient Hydrogen Bond Matrix Defines Magnetic Resonance Signal Relaxation and Anisotropy in Central Nervous System]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.28.650774v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Basement Membrane Structural Integrity Dictates Trans-Tissue Deposition of Laminin in Mammals 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.28.650774v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Basement membranes (BMs) are specialized extracellular matrices (ECMs) essential for tissue structure and function. In non-vertebrates, ECM components can be produced both locally and by distant tissues. In contrast, mammalian ECM has traditionally been considered to originate predominantly from adjacent or tissue-resident cells. The kidney glomerular basement membrane (GBM), composed of laminin-5{beta}2{gamma}1 and collagen-345(IV), is produced by neighboring epithelial cells and functions as a filtration barrier. Alport syndrome, a genetic kidney disease in children, is characterized by GBM structural defects and ectopic laminin-2 deposition, but the source of this laminin remains unknown. Here, using CRISPR/Cas9 transgenic models, we demonstrated that ectopic laminin-2 originates not from local kidney cells but from the circulation. Furthermore, laminin-2 in the mesangium partially derives from circulating sources even under healthy conditions. Our findings uncover a non-cell-autonomous mechanism whereby GBM integrity regulates circulating protein incorporation, revealing a previously unrecognized trans-tissue regulation of BM composition in mammals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Miner, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Omachi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yurchenco, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKee, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, M.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujiwara, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puapatanakul, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.28.650774</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Basement Membrane Structural Integrity Dictates Trans-Tissue Deposition of Laminin in Mammals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.28.651135v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LOSS OF ROR2 TYROSINE KINASE RECEPTOR IS ASSOCIATED WITH ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN PAH VIA INAPPROPRIATE INTEGRIN BETA 1 ACTIVATION 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.28.651135v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RationaleEndothelial dysfunction is a key feature of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We previously identified Wnt7a, a ligand of the Wnt planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway, as essential for pulmonary angiogenesis, with its loss linked to PAH. Given the importance of Wnt/PCP to lung endothelial function and angiogenesis, our goal is to elucidate how Wnt/PCP regulates angiogenic responses in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs). ROR2, a tyrosine kinase receptor specific to Wnt/PCP, is crucial for cardiovascular development, but its role in PAH is unclear. We hypothesized that ROR2 supports endothelial homeostasis, and its loss would impair angiogenesis, contributing to PAH.

MethodsEndothelial-specific ROR2 knockout (ROR2 ECKO) and wild-type (WT) mice were studied under normoxia and chronic hypoxia using echocardiography, hemodynamics, and lung morphometry. PMVECs from healthy and PAH lungs were transfected with ROR2 siRNA/constructs for functional and molecular studies. Focal adhesion (FA) activation and force generation were assessed via FRET-based methods. Bulk and single-cell transcriptomic analyses were performed on siROR2 PMVECs and ROR2 ECKO lungs.

ResultsROR2 ECKO mice exhibited worsened pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular remodeling, microvascular loss, and muscularization in hypoxia. Single-cell RNA sequencing of lung endothelial cells showed dysregulation of pathways involved in barrier formation and angiogenesis. Evans blue dye extravasation confirmed reduced endothelial barrier integrity in ROR2 ECKO mice. ROR2-deficient PAH PMVECs displayed increased adhesion, permeability, and FA numbers, with reduced VE-cadherin at cell junctions. Confocal imaging revealed ROR2 localization in FAs, interacting with integrin {beta}1 (ITGB1). FRET analysis showed that ITGB1 remained in an active, adhesion-promoting state in ROR2-deficient cells. Restoring ROR2 in PAH PMVECs normalized adhesion, barrier function, and FA abundance. Transcriptomic analysis identified Rab12 as a key mediator of ROR2-ITGB1 crosstalk, with Rab12 knockdown mimicking ROR2 deficiency in PMVECs.

ConclusionsROR2 regulates pulmonary angiogenesis by maintaining endothelial barrier integrity and facilitating integrin recycling. Restoring ROR2 signaling could be a potential therapeutic approach for PAH.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mitra, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakraborty, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agarwal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pacheco, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Auer, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunn, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chelladurai, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matos, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bankar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guardado, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>YI, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wai Dede Man, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nair, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guenat, O. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Jesus Perez, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.28.651135</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LOSS OF ROR2 TYROSINE KINASE RECEPTOR IS ASSOCIATED WITH ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN PAH VIA INAPPROPRIATE INTEGRIN BETA 1 ACTIVATION]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.30.651515v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reduced heparan sulfate levels in cerebrospinal fluid reflect brain neuron correction in Sanfilippo B mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.30.651515v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sanfilippo B syndrome is a rare, inherited disorder of heparan sulfate catabolism. Cerebrospinal fluid heparan sulfate (HS) has been pursued as a biomarker for CNS disease. To determine whether CSF HS reflects disease in the brain, we generated a fusion protein of the NAGLU gene encoding alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase (the enzyme deficient in Sanfilippo B) and the transmembrane region and cytosolic tail of LAMP1, which encodes the lysosomal-associated membrane protein-1, to tether the NAGLU enzyme to the membrane and prevent cross-correction. We used AAV7 to deliver the fusion construct intravenously to Sanfilippo B mice and showed that treatment of systemic bodily organs without treatment of brain did not result in reduction of CSF HS compared with untreated Sanfilippo B mice. Next, we used intracerebroventricular delivery of the construct in AAV9 under a synapsin-1 promotor to largely confine expression to brain neurons. We showed that treatment of the brain without treatment of systemic bodily organs resulted in reduction of HS in brain and CSF. These results support the utility of CSF HS as a therapeutic biomarker for Sanfilippo B and other disorders of heparan sulfate catabolism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Le, S. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorensen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sukupolvi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jewhurst, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Austin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doray, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickson, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.30.651515</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reduced heparan sulfate levels in cerebrospinal fluid reflect brain neuron correction in Sanfilippo B mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.30.651529v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ciliated cells promote high infectious potential of influenza A virus through the efficient intracellular activation of hemagglutinin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.30.651529v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Influenza viruses utilize host proteases to activate the viral fusion protein, hemagglutinin (HA), into its fusion-competent form. Although proteolytic activation of HA is essential for virus replication, the cell-type dependence of HA activation within the airway epithelium and the subcellular location(s) in which it occurs are not well-established. To address these questions, we investigated the proteolytic activation of HA in differentiated human airway epithelial cells using contemporary and historical H1N1 and H3N2 strains. We find that activation is efficient across viral strains and subtypes but depends on cellular tropism, with ciliated cells activating HA more effectively than non-ciliated cells. Similar to prior observations in immortalized cell lines, we find that HA activation occurs intracellularly, constraining the antiviral activity of host-directed protease inhibitors. These results establish that HA activation within the airway epithelium depends on cellular tropism, and identify important considerations for the development of protease inhibitors as antivirals.

ImportanceInfluenza entry requires the proteolytic activation of the viral fusion protein, hemagglutinin (HA). Activation occurs as new viruses are produced by infected cells. Efficient proteolytic activation is critical for viral pathogenesis, and inhibiting the requisite proteases could provide an effective host-directed antiviral strategy. To understand cellular constraints on HA activation and its sensitivity to inhibitors, we use complementary approaches to investigate these processes in differentiated airway epithelial cells. We find that ciliated cells activate HA with higher efficiency than non-ciliated cell types, establishing a new mechanism through which cellular tropism and virus infectious potential are connected. We also establish that HA activation begins in the Golgi, which may contribute to the limited the efficacy of inhibitors we observe despite their high in vitro potency.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banas, V. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiland, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brody, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boon, A. C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janetka, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vahey, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.30.651529</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ciliated cells promote high infectious potential of influenza A virus through the efficient intracellular activation of hemagglutinin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.28.651069v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
From Pairwise Distances to Neighborhood Preservation: Benchmarking Dimensionality Reduction Algorithms for CyTOF, scRNA-seq, and CITE-seq 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.28.651069v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dimensionality reduction algorithms are essential tools for visualizing high-dimensional biological data, such as single-cell transcriptomics, mass cytometry by time of flight, and cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes. These algorithms map complex, high-dimensional data into lower dimensions to reveal underlying structures and patterns. Despite the popularity of dimensionality reduction methods like t-SNE and UMAP, concerns have arisen regarding their ability to preserve critical aspects of high-dimensional data and their sensitivity to user-defined parameters. This study aims to evaluate the impact of extreme dimension reduction from hundreds or thousands of dimensions to just two dimensions, highlighting the resulting distortions to deeply understand their implications. Given the significance of dimensionality reduction in biological research, careful evaluation of these methods is necessary to ensure reliable and meaningful results. In this paper, we present a comprehensive evaluation of 16 dimensionality reduction methods. Our evaluation addresses several key factors, such as the preservation of pairwise distances and local neighborhood relationships between the original high-dimensional space and the low-dimensional projections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bombina, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, Z. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGee, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coombes, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.28.651069</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[From Pairwise Distances to Neighborhood Preservation: Benchmarking Dimensionality Reduction Algorithms for CyTOF, scRNA-seq, and CITE-seq]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.01.651415v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Efficient packaging of HIV-1 genomes via recognition of its adenosine-rich content by a heterologous RNA-binding domain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.01.651415v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The HIV-1 genome (gRNA) has an unusually biased nucleotide content and is rich in adenosines. Selective packaging of the gRNA is thought to be driven by specific binding of the nucleocapsid (NC) domain of the viral Gag protein to the packaging signal ({Psi}) in the host cell cytosol. However, deletion of regions within {Psi} reduces--but does not completely abolish--genome packaging. To probe whether another feature of the gRNA may contribute to the selective gRNA packaging process, we replaced NC with heterologous RNA-binding domains (RBDs) with distinct RNA-binding properties. Surprisingly, despite disparate RNA binding specificities, all Gag-RBD chimeras successfully recruited the gRNA to the plasma membrane, suggesting that the initial gRNA recognition in the cytosol is not rate limiting. Notwithstanding, many chimeras exhibiting G/C binding specificity were arrested at the assembly stage. Only the Gag-SRSF5 chimera, which multimerized efficiently on adenosine-rich sequences on the gRNA, assembled efficiently and packaged gRNA at near wild-type levels. Importantly, rationally designed mutations that altered the A/G-rich binding specificity of Gag-SRSF5 decreased genome encapsidation efficiency. Furthermore, many Gag chimeras displayed potent dominant negative activities, highlighting NC functions as a targetable step in virus replication. Together, our findings reveal an unexpected aspect of the HIV-1 gRNA, its biased nucleotide content, as a key driver of selective genome packaging.

SIGNIFICANCEHow HIV-1 selectively packages its genome (gRNA) into virions is poorly understood. To probe this, we replaced the viral nucleocapsid (NC) protein with heterologous RNA-binding domains (RBDs) from cellular hnRNP and SR protein families. Remarkably, despite their distinct RNA-binding specificities, all Gag-RBD chimeras successfully recruited the gRNA to the plasma membrane, suggesting that the initial gRNA recognition is not rate limiting. Only the Gag-SRSF5 chimera packaged gRNA efficiently which correlated with its capacity to multimerize on adenosine-rich sequences on the gRNA. Notably, several Gag chimeras exhibited strong dominant negative effects, underscoring NC functions as a targetable step in virus replication. Together, these findings uncover that the biased nucleotide content of the HIV-1 gRNA facilitates its selective packaging into virus particles.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vuong, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lesko, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tenneti, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boodwa-Ko, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eschbach, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gopal, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porter, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohammed, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Telesnitsky, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sherer, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kutluay, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.01.651415</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Efficient packaging of HIV-1 genomes via recognition of its adenosine-rich content by a heterologous RNA-binding domain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.30.651534v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Alpha-Synuclein Fibril Structures Cluster into Distinct Classes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.30.651534v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The accumulation of Alpha-synuclein (Asyn) fibrils is the defining pathologic feature in Parkinson Disease (PD), Lewy Body Dementia (LBD), and Multiple System Atrophy (MSA). As such, the process of Asyn fibril formation has been an important research area and fibrils themselves have become attractive targets for disease diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. Due to the presence of mixed populations of fibrillar proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases in brain tissue, high-resolution structures of Asyn fibrils are essential for the design of high-specificity imaging and therapeutic agents. Approximately one hundred high-resolution solid-state NMR (SSNMR) spectroscopy and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of Asyn fibrils have been deposited to the Protein Databank (PDB); intriguingly there is significant polymorphism among them. Understanding the molecular makeup and characteristic features of each structural polymorph can determine conserved structural motifs which can be used as templates to design ligands with high specificity for clinical use. Utilizing standard alignment tools and density-based clustering approaches, we objectively classify fibril structures by tertiary structure type. We find that 81% of the structures cluster into two polymorph classes. Within each class, additional subtle variations are observed which position sidechains in specific, conserved orientations, well poised as druggable targets. Furthermore, we find that the conserved structural motifs associated with each class are found in all but one published Asyn fibril structure. We consider these classifications and conserved motifs in the context of disease-relevant fibril structures and offer a perspective on the utility of in vitro fibrils as substrates for drug development and models for disease pathogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Milchberg, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warmuth, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borcik, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dhavale, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kotzbauer, P. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rienstra, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.30.651534</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Alpha-Synuclein Fibril Structures Cluster into Distinct Classes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.01.651544v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An open, fully-processed data resource for studying mood and sleep variability in the developing brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.01.651544v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Brain development during adolescence and early adulthood coincides with shifts in emotion regulation and sleep. Despite this, few existing datasets simultaneously characterize affective dynamics, sleep variation, and multimodal measures of brain development. Here, we describe the study protocol and initial release (n = 10) of an open data resource of neuroimaging paired with densely sampled behavioral measures in adolescents and young adults. All participants complete multi-echo functional MRI, compressed-sensing diffusion MRI, and advanced arterial spin-labeled MRI. Behavioral measures include ecological momentary assessment, actigraphy, extensive cognitive assessments, and detailed clinical phenotyping focused on emotion regulation. Raw and processed data are openly available without a data use agreement and will be regularly updated as accrual continues. Together, this resource will accelerate research on the links between mood, sleep, and brain development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brook, J. B. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagautdinova, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rush, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexander-Bloch, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baller, E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calkins, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cieslak, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Detre, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elliot, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fair, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freedman, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gehrman, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gur, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gur, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laney, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laumann, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehta, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merikangas, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milham, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruparel, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sevchik, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shanmugan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taso, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolf, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tisdall, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roalf, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satterthwaite, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.01.651544</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An open, fully-processed data resource for studying mood and sleep variability in the developing brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.01.651778v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fmp30 is a phosphatidylinositol hydrolase that regulates CoQ biosynthesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.01.651778v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Coenzyme Q (CoQ, ubiquinone) is a redox-active isoprene lipid that supports fundamental enzymatic and antioxidant roles in mitochondria and beyond. Despite CoQs importance in organismal health and disease, the mechanisms that regulate its biosynthetic pathway remain elusive. Motivated by this, we mined S. cerevisiae multiomics datasets for genes whose disruptions alter CoQ levels and discovered the gene FMP30 as an unexpected negative regulator of CoQ biosynthesis. Loss of FMP30 results in elevated complex Q protein abundance, increased number and intensity of CoQ domains, and ultimately enhanced CoQ biosynthetic flux. We demonstrate that Fmp30, a member of the metallo-{beta}-lactamase super family, displays phospholipase type D activity toward phosphatidylinositol and phosphoinositides, and that its deletion causes marked elevation of these lipid species in purified mitochondria. Collectively, our work nominates Fmp30 as a novel regulator linking mitochondrial phospholipid metabolism to CoQ biosynthesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Baker, Z. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guerra, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pagliarini, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.01.651778</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fmp30 is a phosphatidylinositol hydrolase that regulates CoQ biosynthesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.29.651219v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Automatic Individual Cortical Parcellation for the Human Connectome Project 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.29.651219v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The original Human Connectome Project multimodal cortical parcellation (HCP_MMP1.0) used MRI-derived local features and long-distance functional connectivity measures to define a multimodal parcellation at the group level, accompanied by an automated areal classifier, to create subject-specific mappings of the human cerebral cortex. These mappings, referred to as individual (cortex) parcellations, aim to capture individual variability in areal organization by learning from both structural and functional data. However, a strict supervised learning approach using the group parcellation as labels would have no incentive to learn individual differences that registration is unable to reconcile (e.g., atypical 55b topologies). Furthermore, there are many types of resting state network (RSN) feature maps, and it is unclear which type would most accurately or effectively classify areas, or even what should be the primary criteria for evaluating classification performance. Here, we introduce an Areal Recognition Ensemble with Nested Approach (ARENA) classifier that learns from uncertain labels, using a novel application of weakly supervised learning to this type of problem. Additionally, in comparing multiple candidate RSN decompositions, temporal ICA and PROFUMO maps outperformed the original spatial ICA-based approach based on objective criteria. With these refinements, the ensemble classifier achieved a reliable individual variability score of 8380, an average areal detection rate of 97.8%, and test-retest reproducibility of 73.3%, outperforming a retrained version of the original Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) model (whose reliable individual variability score was 3128, average areal detection rate was 97.2%, and test-retest reproducibility was 71.6% on the same dataset). Furthermore, the ARENA classifier demonstrated stronger generalization for all three measures when applied to task fMRI data that were not part of the training dataset. Using the refined classifier and leveraging all 1071 HCP-Young Adult subjects, we identified new types of atypical organization of language-related area 55b. Here we provide the fully data-driven HCP_MMP1.0_1071_MPM (Maximum Probability Map) group parcellation and a summary of area 55b organization in both hemispheres. Our automated individual parcellation pipeline powered by the novel ARENA classifier is now integrated into the HCP pipelines, offering a user-friendly tool for the neuroimaging community.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coalson, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farahibozorg, S.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bijsterbosch, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Essen, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glasser, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.29.651219</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Automatic Individual Cortical Parcellation for the Human Connectome Project]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.02.651952v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mutations in Hsp40 co-chaperone change the unique canonical inter-domain interactions stimulating LGMDD1 myopathy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.02.651952v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy D1 (LGMDD1) is a rare, dominantly inherited neuromuscular disorder caused by mutations in the HSP40 co-chaperone DNAJB6, primarily in the GF or J-domains. Currently, no treatments are available, and a challenge in understanding the disease is identifying a specific client protein for DNAJB6 in skeletal muscle. Our previous research indicated that LGMDD1 GF domain mutants in Sis1 exhibit substrate-specific effects, influenced by HSP70 activity. Herein, we found that novel mutations in the J-domain similarly affected chaperone function. The J-domain mutants exhibited variable substrate processing, reduced binding affinity to client-substrate, and decreased stimulation of Ssa1 ATP hydrolysis, with these effects being substrate-conformer-specific. Our simulation studies noted differences in inter-domain interactions linked to the mutants, which influence the Hsp40-Hsp70 ATPase cycle. These mechanistic insights enhance our understanding of LGMDD1 myopathy and help to identify potential treatment strategies in the future.

TeaserRecalibrating the inter-domain interface of the mutant protein could potentially serve as a key therapeutic strategy for LGMDD1 myopathy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bhadra, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aggarwal, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaysingh, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daw, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weihl, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>True, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.02.651952</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mutations in Hsp40 co-chaperone change the unique canonical inter-domain interactions stimulating LGMDD1 myopathy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.29.650793v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Isomerized Aβ in the brain can distinguish the status of amyloidosis in the Alzheimer's Disease spectrum 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.29.650793v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Extracellular amyloid plaques, the pathognomonic hallmark of Alzheimers Disease (AD), are also observed in cognitively unimpaired subjects in the preclinical stages. Progressive accumulation of fibrillar amyloid-{beta} (A{beta}) as plaques and perivascular deposits occur two decades prior to clinical onset, making A{beta} a long-lived peptide. To characterize the amyloid plaques biochemically, both the A{beta}-load as well the post-translational modifications (PTMs) could serve as markers for distinguishing the pre-clinical stage compared to later prodromal and clinical stages of AD. Recently, we described the presence of extensive isomerization of the A{beta} N-terminus in AD post-mortem brains that are significantly increased compared to the age-matched non-AD control brains with A{beta} aggregates in the frontal cortex. In this report, we used targeted mass spectrometry to conduct a quantitative analysis of the most common PTMs associated with A{beta}; pyroglutamation, citrullination, N-terminal truncation (A{beta}4-x), C-terminal truncation (A{beta}42 and A{beta}40), and isomerization of aspartic acid residues (Asp-1 and Asp-7) in postmortem human brain tissue from pathologically negative (no A{beta} plaques) controls, controls with A{beta} plaques, Parkinsons disease (PD) with and without A{beta} accumulation/plaques and symptomatic AD. The AD cases contained statistically significant amounts of Asp-1and Asp-7 isomerized A{beta}1-15 ([~] 90 %) compared to controls (preclinical AD) and PD brains with fibrillar A{beta} aggregates/deposits. We find that ratio of isomerized N-terminus A{beta} (A{beta}1-15) species in the brain detergent soluble pool differentiates older fibrillar A{beta} deposits in symptomatic AD brain compared to A{beta} deposits detected in preclinical AD and PD. Citrullinated A{beta}3pglu-15 was increased only in symptomatic AD, highlighting this A{beta} PTM is a unique feature of parenchymal plaques in advanced AD. Our results have implications for early therapeutic targeting of these modified species as well potential for better biofluid biomarker development for drug efficacy monitoring.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mukherjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coyle, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dubois, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mclean, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masters, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.29.650793</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Isomerized Aβ in the brain can distinguish the status of amyloidosis in the Alzheimer's Disease spectrum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.01.651677v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of modulated whole-brain dynamical models from nonstationary electrophysiological data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.01.651677v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveUnderstanding the mechanisms underlying brain dynamics is a long-held goal in neuroscience. However, these dynamics are both individualized and nonstationary, making modeling challenging. Here, we present a data-driven approach to modeling nonstationary dynamics based on principles of neuromodulation, at the level of individual subjects.

ApproachPreviously, we developed the mesoscale individualized neural dynamics (MINDy) modeling approach to capture individualized brain dynamics which do not change over time. Here, we extend the MINDy approach by adding a modulatory component which is multiplied by a set of baseline, stationary connectivity weights. We validate this model on both synthetic data and publicly available EEG data in the context of anesthesia, a known modulator of neural dynamics.

Main ResultsWe find that our modulated MINDy approach is accurate, individualized, and reliable. Additionally, we find that our models yield biologically interpretable inferences regarding the effects of propofol anesthesia on mesoscale cortical networks, consistent with previous literature on the neuromodulatory effects of propofol.

SignificanceUltimately, our data-driven modeling approach is reliable and scalable, and provides insight into mechanisms underlying observed brain dynamics. Our modeling methodology can be used to infer insights about modulation dynamics in the brain in a number of different contexts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schwamb, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ching, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.01.651677</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of modulated whole-brain dynamical models from nonstationary electrophysiological data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.02.651990v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Preconditioning Matters: Enhancing or Impairing Antitumor Immunity with DC Vaccines 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.02.651990v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Preconditioning regimens are essential for the success of adoptive cell therapies like CAR T-cells due to effects on the T-cell response, yet they are underexplored and generally absent from cancer vaccine clinical trials. To address this gap, we evaluated the impact of various preconditioning strategies on dendritic cell (DC) vaccine efficacy in a murine tumor model. Mice bearing syngeneic KP tumors expressing ovalbumin received preconditioning with low-dose radiation (LD RT; whole body or tumor only), cyclophosphamide, paclitaxel, LD RT plus cyclophosphamide, or no preconditioning, followed by administration of antigen-loaded DC1s. Tumor growth, survival, and antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses were assessed. LD RT preconditioning, whether whole body or tumor-directed, significantly enhanced vaccine-induced antitumor CD8+ T-cell responses and improved survival compared to DC vaccine alone and all other groups. Cyclophosphamide preconditioning reduced vaccine efficacy and negated the benefits of LD RT, while paclitaxel had no significant effect. Notably, whole-body LD RT induced the strongest antigen-specific T-cell response. These findings demonstrate that, similar to CAR T-cell therapy, preconditioning regimens can significantly influence cancer vaccine outcomes. Rational selection of preconditioning agents may either maximize or minimize the therapeutic potential of DC cancer vaccines, and should be considered carefully in clinical trials.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kwon, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Namen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willoughby, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pandey, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeSelm, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.02.651990</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Preconditioning Matters: Enhancing or Impairing Antitumor Immunity with DC Vaccines]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.07.652726v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural basis for membrane microdomain formation by a human Stomatin complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.07.652726v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biological membranes are not just passive barriers--they actively sense and respond to mechanical forces, in part through specialized proteins embedded within them. Among these are Stomatin-family proteins, which are known to influence membrane stiffness and regulate ion channels, yet how they achieve these functions at the molecular level has remained elusive. Here, we report the 2.2 [A] cryo-electron microscopy structure of the human Stomatin complex in a native membrane environment. We find that Stomatin assembles into a 16-subunit ring-shaped homo-oligomer, forming a [~]12 nm-wide cage that defines a mechanically distinct, curvature-resistant membrane microdomain. While the majority of the complex exhibits C16 symmetry, the C-terminal domains adopt two alternating conformations, producing a symmetry-broken hydrophobic {beta}-barrel pore with local C8 symmetry. The membrane beneath the complex remains flat despite surrounding curvature, indicating localized membrane stiffening. The structure reveals a conserved network of inter-subunit salt bridges that stabilize the assembly. These findings provide a molecular framework for how Stomatin oligomers shape membrane architecture and mechanics, offering new insight into their roles in mechanotransduction and diseases such as nephrotic syndrome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stonger, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.07.652726</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural basis for membrane microdomain formation by a human Stomatin complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.08.652952v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fat cadherin cleavage releases a transcriptionally active nuclear fragment to regulate target gene expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.08.652952v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The conserved atypical cadherin fat (ft) controls cellular processes such as growth, planar cell polarity, and mitochondrial function, in organisms ranging from fruit flies to mammals. Working at the apical-junctional plasma membrane the intracellular domain of the Ft protein, FtICD, binds to and regulates components of the Hippo and PCP pathways. Unexpectedly, we show that FtICD is present in the nucleus in cultured cells as well as in embryonic and larval tissues, and identify nuclear localization and nuclear export signals in FtICD required for this localization. We show that membrane-bound FtICD is cleaved and enters nuclei in vivo. Using endogenously tagged Ft as well as overexpressed FtICD we conducted ChIP-seq experiments and identified putative Ft targets including genes involved in signaling pathways, chromatin organization, pattern formation, and neural development. RNAseq demonstrates that some of these genes are differentially regulated in ft mutants. We observe strong correlations of Ft binding regions with peaks for other factors such as DREF and BEAF-32, as well as the Hpo pathway components Yorkie (Yki) and Scalloped (Sd), suggesting that Ft may act in conjunction with these factors to regulate gene expression. Supporting this hypothesis, we found that Ft can physically interact with both Yki and Sd in co-immunoprecipitation experiments in S2 cells. We propose that the modulation of Hippo pathway activity constitutes one of the nuclear functions of Ft, complementing its established function as an upstream regulator of Hippo signaling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rusch, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thanintorn, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuok, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsatskis, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Julick, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McNeill, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.08.652952</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fat cadherin cleavage releases a transcriptionally active nuclear fragment to regulate target gene expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.06.652549v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Expression of Arabidopsis Extracellular Vesicle Protein Markers in Nicotiana benthamiana Reveals Distinct Vesicle Subpopulations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.06.652549v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mammalian extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous in nature based on their protein content, RNA content, density, size, and functions. In contrast, our understanding of plant EV diversity is quite limited. Multiple plant EV protein markers have been identified. Two of these, TETRASPANIN 8 (TET8) and PENETRATION 1 (PEN1), appear to mark distinct subpopulations of plant EVs. To further assess the diversity of plant EV subpopulations, we purified EVs from N. benthamiana transiently expressing multiple EV marker proteins and then assessed colocalization of these markers using high resolution Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy (TIRF-M). We confirmed that TET8 and PEN1 indeed mark distinct EV populations, as they colocalized only 4.7% of the time. This value was nearly identical to that found for EVs purified from transgenic Arabidopsis co-expressing these two markers, demonstrating that transient expression of Arabidopsis EV proteins in N. benthamiana can be used to assess EV subpopulations, bypassing the requirement of generating transgenic plants for every marker combination of interest. We then used the N. benthamiana system to assess colocalization of PEN1 and TET8 with the EV markers PATELLIN1 (PATL1), ANNEXIN2 (ANN2), and RPM1-INTERACTING PROTEIN4 (RIN4). PATL1 and ANN2 colocalized with PEN1 56.6% and 46.6% of the time, respectively, whereas they colocalized with TET8 only 28.4% and 30.8% of the time, respectively. In contrast to PATL1 and ANN2, the RIN4 protein colocalized with TET8 more frequently than with PEN1 (30% versus 13%). Together, these results indicate that plant EVs are heterogeneous in their protein cargos and that TET8 marks a distinct subpopulation of EVs. PEN1, PATL1, and ANN2 commonly mark the same EV population that is distinct from TET8-labeled EVs, while RIN4 more often associates with TET8-labeled EVs. These findings suggest that plants possess at least two different pathways for EV biogenesis and secretion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Innes, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.06.652549</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Expression of Arabidopsis Extracellular Vesicle Protein Markers in Nicotiana benthamiana Reveals Distinct Vesicle Subpopulations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.09.653198v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural Mechanisms Supporting Proactive Control 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.09.653198v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent prior work suggests a preferential relationship between working memory capacity (WMC) and proactive control, yet the neural mechanisms that support this relationship are still not well understood. We directly addressed this question by leveraging the Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control (DMCC) project, as it employed a fMRI neuroimaging design optimized to test for individual differences (sample N > 100), with task variants that independently assessed proactive and reactive control relative to baseline conditions. Behavioral analyses replicated prior work with the AX-CPT paradigm, in which a measure of target preparation based on contextual cues (the A-cue Bias index) was both reliably increased under task conditions encouraging proactive control and positively associated with WMC. Analyses of fMRI activity indicated that A-cue Bias was selectively linked to increased cue-related neural activity in left motor cortex (lMOT). Additionally, WMC was associated with increased cue-related activation in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC), even when statistically controlling for baseline and reactive conditions. The relationship between these two effects was supported by a latent path analysis, which suggested that the rDLPFC-lMOT circuit preferentially mediates the WMC-A-cue Bias relationship present under proactive task conditions. The results suggest this neural circuit may translate strategic task goals into active response preparation as a mechanism of proactive control. Individuals high in WMC may be better able to implement proactive task strategies when instructed via contextual cues. The sensitivity of the rDLPFC-lMOT circuit to individual differences suggest it as a potential target for cognitive enhancement.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Feldman, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quale, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Etzel, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braver, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.09.653198</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural Mechanisms Supporting Proactive Control]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.12.653383v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Functional and Genetic Architecture of Olfaction in Deer Mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.12.653383v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mammals have well-developed olfactory systems, but the molecular logic driving the extraction of biological information, how this logic evolves and contributes to differences in behavior remain unclear. To address this, we generated a chromosome-level assembly of the North American deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus, meticulously annotating the complex olfactory subgenome. Comparative analysis revealed high evolutionary plasticity within chemosensory gene families. Rodent olfactory and vomeronasal sensory pathways, predominantly associated with odor learning and innate responses, respectively, show divergent evolutionary trajectories-one conserved, the other rapidly evolving. Despite overall vomeronasal gene dynamism, we identified receptors conserved across evolutionary timescales. Using the activation of these receptors as readouts, we demonstrate the conservation of receptor-ligand pairings for subsets of vomeronasal sensory neurons. Collectively, our findings provide insights into the evolution of the mammalian olfactory systems, highlighting key differences in receptor repertoires and establishing deer mice as a model clade to investigate neural mechanisms underlying the evolution of olfactory pathways and their impact on behavioral evolution.

TeaserThe deer mouse genome analysis reveals conserved and divergent components of the rodent olfactory subgenome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>LASSANCE, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kautt, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gozashti, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoekstra, H. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.12.653383</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Functional and Genetic Architecture of Olfaction in Deer Mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.10.653271v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regulation of the Yolk Microtubule and Actin Cytoskeleton by Dachsous Cadherins during Zebrafish Epiboly 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.10.653271v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Epiboly is a crucial morphogenetic process during early animal embryogenesis that expands surface area of embryonic tissues while thinning them. During zebrafish development, epiboly spreads the superficial enveloping layer (EVL), germ layers, and yolk syncytial layer to cover the yolk cell. Here we investigated functions of the three zebrafish dchs genes, dchs1a, dchs1b and dchs2 that encode large atypical cadherins and report that they have partially overlapping functions in epiboly progression. We have inserted GFP at the C-terminal Dchs1b intracellular domain of the endogenous dchs1b locus using homologous recombination. We observed the resulting Dchs1b-GFP fusion protein localized in both the cell membrane and the cytoplasm of EVL and embryonic cells during gastrulation. The dynamic microtubule and actin cytoskeleton of the yolk cell are essential for epiboly. Our studies of the yolk microtubule network demonstrate that these microtubules are more bundled and show faster polymerization during epiboly in dchs triple loss-of-function mutant embryos than in wild-type embryos, indicating that dchs genes are required for limiting microtubule polymerization and promoting dynamics during epiboly. The epiboly progression defects of dchs1b deficient mutants were suppressed by mutations in the tetratricopeptide repeat protein 28 (ttc28) gene encoding a cytoplasmic protein previously shown to bind to Dchs1b intracellular domain and alter microtubule dynamics during early cleavages. We further demonstrate that MZdchs1b mutants exhibit abnormal organization and dynamics of yolk cell actin cytoskeleton during epiboly. Together, these lines of evidence as well as our transcriptomic analyses support the notion that like during early embryonic cleavages, Dchs1b plays a major role, while Dchs1a and Dchs2 proteins have supporting roles in regulating microtubule dynamics and organization of both microtubule and actin cytoskeleton to ensure normal epiboly.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Castelvecchi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villarreal, N. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roszko, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gontarz, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sepich, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krezel, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.10.653271</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regulation of the Yolk Microtubule and Actin Cytoskeleton by Dachsous Cadherins during Zebrafish Epiboly]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.10.653149v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mapping the transcriptional regulatory network of a fungal pathogen by exploiting transcription factor perturbation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.10.653149v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cryptococcus neoformans is a deadly fungal pathogen. Upon entering a mammalian host, it deploys a voluminous polysaccharide capsule that is necessary for it to survive host defenses and maintain an infection. Capsule expansion is regulated transcriptionally, as deletion of many transcription factors (TFs) alters capsule. Thus, we set out to map the transcriptional regulatory network of C. neoformans - that is, to identify the TFs that directly regulate each gene in the genome. First, we carried out RNA-seq of 120 single-TF-deletion strains, together with wild-type controls. We then applied NetProphet3, a TF network mapping algorithm, to predict the direct functional targets of each TF. Unexpectedly, analysis of this network indicated that there are no TFs that primarily regulate genes involved in capsule formation. Rather, the TFs that play a role in deploying capsule also regulate many other genes and processes. Comparison to a TF network map we built for Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a distantly related model yeast, identified pairs of TFs that are functionally orthologous - that is, their targets are enriched for orthologous genes. In many cases, these pairs are different from the ones identified by sequence homology alone. We suggest that network analyses should be used to complement sequence comparison when searching for functionally orthologous transcription factors. Our network map can be searched and visualized at http://cryptococcus.net.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Abid, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, H. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mateusiak, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doering, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brent, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.10.653149</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mapping the transcriptional regulatory network of a fungal pathogen by exploiting transcription factor perturbation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.14.654090v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SARM1 is an essential component of neuronal Parthanatos 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.14.654090v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The NAD+ hydrolase SARM1 is the central executioner of pathological axon degeneration. SARM1 is allosterically activated by an increased NMN/NAD+ ratio resulting from depletion of NAD+ or accumulation of its precursor, NMN, typically due to loss of the labile NAD+ synthetase NMNAT2 following axon injury. Another NAD+ hydrolase, PARP1, is hyperactivated by DNA damage, triggering the Parthanatos cell death pathway. We demonstrate that multiple mechanistically-distinct DNA-damaging agents lead to SARM1 activation and axon degeneration following PARP1 activation. Remarkably, SARM1 is required for key steps downstream of PARP1 activation by DNA damage that are pathognomonic of Parthanatos, including mitochondrial depolarization, nuclear translocation of AIF (apoptosis-inducing factor), and cell death. Moreover, SARM1 mediates glutamate excitotoxicity, a clinically significant pathomechanism attributed to Parthanatos. The identification of SARM1 as an essential component of neuronal Parthanatos, a major contributor to cell death in neurodegenerative disease, greatly expands the potential clinical utility of SARM1 inhibitors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasaki, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchser, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bloom, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiAntonio, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milbrandt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.14.654090</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SARM1 is an essential component of neuronal Parthanatos]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.14.654108v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fungal susceptibility and early flowering in pennycress (Thlaspi arvense) are conferred by naturally occurring mutations in histone demethylase Jumonji 14 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.14.654108v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense) is a winter oilseed domesticated recently to be incorporated as an intermediate crop between the existing cropping systems of the US Midwest. We show that a natural accession of pennycress, 2032, is more susceptible to the necrotrophic fungal pathogens Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Alternaria japonica than the reference pennycress accession MN106. A previously identified marker associated with early flowering and maturity in pennycress was found to be present in a gene homologous to Arabidopsis Jumonji 14 (JMJ14). It has been reported that AtJMJ14 promotes disease resistance and represses flowering, and greenhouse studies of breeding populations confirmed this phenomenon in pennycress. Plants with the 2032 TaJMJ14 allele were more susceptible to fungi and flowered early. CRISPR-Cas9 editing was used to generate additional TaJMJ14 alleles. A 9-base pair deletion in the 6th exon of TaJMJ14 showed trends of early flowering and S. sclerotiorum susceptibility, whereas a complete loss-of-function allele led to infertility. We further investigated the transcriptomes of MN106 and 2032 plants in the early stages of S. sclerotiorum and A. japonica infection to identify potential resistance and susceptibility genes. Differences in the expression of pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI)-associated genes led us to discover that 2032 plants have defects in elicitor-triggered oxidative bursts. The transcriptional responses unique to each accession lay a foundation for future gene-editing and breeding approaches to keep the beneficial early flowering phenotype conferred by 2032 but uncouple it from disease susceptibility.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Codjoe, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kujur, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sirasani, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shamin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sauer, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rai, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ulmasov, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chopra, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.14.654108</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fungal susceptibility and early flowering in pennycress (Thlaspi arvense) are conferred by naturally occurring mutations in histone demethylase Jumonji 14]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.14.654069v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
fMRIPrep Lifespan: Extending A Robust Pipeline for Functional MRI Preprocessing to Developmental Neuroimaging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.14.654069v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The adoption of a standardized preprocessing workflow is vital for fostering community, sharing, and reproducibility. fMRIPrep has been a critical advancement towards this end, however, it is limited in its capacity to be applied to data across the lifespan, starting from infancy. Here, we introduce fMRIPrep Lifespan, an extension of fMRIPrep that extends the standardized processing from childhood to senescence to include neonatal, infant, and toddler structural and functional MRI data preprocessing. This effort involves a NiPreps integration of 1) a workflow akin to fMRIPrep optimized for MRI data in the first years of life (previously NiBabies) and 2) upstream enhancements to the entire NiPreps suite, including multi-echo data processing, modularization of workflow components, and convergence of processing with other popular workflows (ABCD-BIDS, Human Connectome Project Pipelines). Using data from the Baby Connectome Project (participants 1-43 months of age), we demonstrate that fMRIPrep Lifespan produces high-quality outputs across a wide age range. Moving forward, the scalable, modular infrastructure of fMRIPrep Lifespan will ensure adaptability to data from birth to old age while maintaining robust and reproducible frameworks for functional MRI research across the lifespan.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Goncalves, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moser, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madison, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCollum, r.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lundquist, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fayzullobekova, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hadera, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, H. H. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Houghton, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Styner, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexopoulos, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smyser, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoyell, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koirala, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weldon, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hermosillo, R. J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vizioli, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yacoub, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, G. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wengler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satterthwaite, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elison, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markiewicz, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poldrack, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feczko, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esteban, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fair, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.14.654069</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[fMRIPrep Lifespan: Extending A Robust Pipeline for Functional MRI Preprocessing to Developmental Neuroimaging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.17.650326v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Signaling and Mechanics influence the number and size of epithelial rosettes in the migrating zebrafish Posterior Lateral Line primordium 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.17.650326v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A prepattern of Fgf signaling triggers formation of epithelial rosettes as protoneuromasts form periodically in the migrating Posterior Lateral Line primordium. However, the number and size of epithelial rosettes is influenced by the balance of mechanical interactions that promote or oppose their formation. Selective slowing of leading cells in the primordium can result in the fusion of two rosettes to form one larger one, while slowing of trailing cells can result in splitting of a previously formed rosette to form two smaller ones. These observations can be accounted for by mechanics-based models, where local interactions associated with apical constriction and cell adhesion promote formation of rosettes, while tension along the length of the primordium, influenced by the relative efficacy of leading and trailing cell migration, opposes their formation. We describe computational models that illustrate how the relative speed of leading versus trailing cells, as well as changes in cell adhesion and mechanical coupling, can influence the pattern of protoneuromast formation and deposition by the migrating primordium. Our studies illustrate how signaling and mechanics together influence morphogenesis in the migrating primordium.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mukherjee, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hilzendeger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rinvelt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fatma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schupp, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalle Nogare, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chitnis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.17.650326</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Signaling and Mechanics influence the number and size of epithelial rosettes in the migrating zebrafish Posterior Lateral Line primordium]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.16.654616v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
EGR1 drives sex-differences in glioblastoma tumorigenicity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.16.654616v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although progress has been made in treating glioblastoma (GBM), with fewer than 5% of patients surviving more than 5 years after diagnosis. For reasons that are not well understood, females are roughly 60% as likely as males to develop GBM, and female patients consistently respond better to treatment than do males. Understanding the molecular etiology of these sex differences in tumor progression and resiliency to treatment could reveal potent new therapeutic targets, ultimately improving survival of both male and female GBM patients. Here we show that the transcription factor Egr1 is a primary mediator of sex differences in multiple GBM tumorigenic phenotypes. In multivariate analysis, high levels of EGR1 expression are correlated with shortened survival for male GBM patients only. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying this sex difference, we performed a genomic analysis in our established ex vivo murine model of sex differences, which showed that the transcription factors Egr1 and Klf5 preferentially recruit the transcriptional activator Brd4 to enhancers in male cells relative to female cells, explaining a previously made observation that Brd4 inhibitors reverse sex differences in GBM. Next, using murine and human primary GBM cells, we demonstrated that the small molecule compound SR18662, which downregulates Egr1 and its downstream target Klf5, abrogates GBM growth, migration, invasion, clonogenicity, and response to radiation in a sex-biased fashion. Finally, we knocked down Egr1 and Klf5 via CRISPRi in both untreated and SR18662-treated GBM cells to reveal the sex-biased anti-tumorigenic effects of SR18662 were largely due to Egr1 downregulation, independent of Klf5 downregulation. This result was replicated in vivo. Our results strongly indicate that an Egr1 regulon is a key determinant of sex differences in GBM. As EGR1 is implicated in the cancer biology of many cancers that also display sex differences in incidence and treatment response, our results are likely to be broadly applicable in oncology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Abou-Antoun, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Llaci, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warrington, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tripp, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muegge, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubin, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitra, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.16.654616</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[EGR1 drives sex-differences in glioblastoma tumorigenicity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.19.654915v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stimulant medications affect arousal and reward, not attention 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.19.654915v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Prescription stimulants such as methylphenidate are being used by an increasing portion of the population, primarily children. These potent norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitors promote wakefulness, suppress appetite, enhance physical performance, and are purported to increase attentional abilities. Prior functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have yielded conflicting results about the effects of stimulants on the brains attention, action/motor, and salience regions that are difficult to reconcile with their proposed attentional effects. Here, we utilized resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) data from the large Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study to understand the effects of stimulants on brain functional connectivity (FC) in children (n = 11,875; 8-11 years old) using network level analysis (NLA). We validated these brain-wide association study (BWAS) findings in a controlled, precision imaging drug trial (PIDT) with highly-sampled (165-210 minutes) healthy adults receiving high-dose methylphenidate (Ritalin, 40 mg). In both studies, stimulants were associated with altered FC in action and motor regions, matching patterns of norepinephrine transporter expression. Connectivity was also changed in the salience (SAL) and parietal memory networks (PMN), which are important for reward-motivated learning and closely linked to dopamine, but not the brains attention systems (e.g. dorsal attention network, DAN). Stimulant-related differences in FC closely matched the rs-fMRI pattern of getting enough sleep, as well as EEG- and respiration-derived brain maps of arousal. Taking stimulants rescued the effects of sleep deprivation on brain connectivity and school grades. The combined noradrenergic and dopaminergic effects of stimulants may drive brain organization towards a more wakeful and rewarded configuration, explaining improved task effort and persistence without direct effects on attention networks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kay, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wheelock, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siegel, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raut, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chauvin, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metoki, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajesh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eck, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pollaro, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suljic, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adeyemo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baden, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheidter, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monk, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez-Perez, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krimmel, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shinohara, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tervo-Clemmens, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hermosillo, R. J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hendrickson, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madison, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miranda-Domlnguez, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Randolph, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feczko, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roland, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nichol, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laumann, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marek, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raichle, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barch, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fair, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dosenbach, N. U. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.19.654915</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stimulant medications affect arousal and reward, not attention]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.20.652233v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adaptive Evolution of Gene Regulatory Networks in Mammalian Neocortical Neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.20.652233v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mammals have evolved a plethora of adaptations that have enabled them to thrive in diverse environments. Among the most significant is the emergence of a more complex brain, exemplified by the dramatic transformation of the dorsal cortex from a single layer of excitatory projection neurons (ExNs) in ancestors to a multilayered cerebral neocortex enriched with diverse intratelencephalic (IT) and extratelencephalic (ET) ExN subtypes. These ExNs established specialized projection systems, such as the corticospinal tract and corpus callosum, enhancing brain connectivity and functionality. However, the evolutionary mechanisms underlying these mammalian-specific adaptations remain elusive. By comparing the landscape of gene expression and cis-regulatory elements (CREs) in mouse ExN subtypes and by cross-species examination of mammalian and non-mammalian CREs, we identified mammalian-specific CREs and expression patterns. The mammalian-specific CREs include a subset bound by ZBTB18 that are associated with genes defining IT and ET subtypes and connectivity. Both ZBTB18 and these target genes have previously been implicated in intellectual disability and autism. Deletion of Zbtb18 in mouse ExNs dysregulated target gene expression, reduced molecular diversity, diminished corticospinal and callosal projections, and increased intrahemispheric cortico-cortical association projections to the prefrontal cortex, resembling features of non-mammalian dorsal pallium. Interestingly, ZBTB18 binding motifs are highly enriched in callosally projecting IT-biased CREs, where they show higher conservation specifically in mammals. This study uncovers critical components and mammalian-specific evolutionary adaptations within a regulatory node essential for neocortical ExN identity and connectivity, with implications for neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaur, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santpere, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muchnik, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sindhu, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shibata, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clement, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klaric, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, X. d.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luria, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shibata, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tebbenkamp, A. T. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pochareddy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phan, D. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gladwyn-Ng, I. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cullen, H. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paolino, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fenlon, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kozulin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suarez, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Risgaard, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gulden, F. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karger, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suzuki, I. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirata, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gobeske, K. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richards, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sousa, A. M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heng, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sestan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.20.652233</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adaptive Evolution of Gene Regulatory Networks in Mammalian Neocortical Neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.18.654771v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Developmental constraints mediate the summer solstice reversal of climate effects on European beech bud set 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.18.654771v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurate projections of temperate tree growing seasons under climate change require representing developmental constraints that determine tree resource allocation. Recent work has identified a phenological "switch point" after the summer solstice (21 June), with pre-solstice warming advancing autumn phenology and post-solstice warming delaying it. Here, we propose this switch is flexible and occurs at the compensatory point between the antagonistic effects of early-season development and late-season temperature. We performed trans-solstice climate manipulation experiments on potted European beech (Fagus sylvatica) saplings to test (i) how spring leaf-out timing and June-August temperatures influence end-of-season timing (bud set and leaf senescence [50% loss of leaf chlorophyll content]), and (ii) whether daytime and nighttime temperatures before and after the solstice have different effects, given that trees primarily grow at night. Bud set and leaf senescence responses were tightly coupled (R2 = 0.49), with bud responses being generally stronger. Each day delay in spring leaf-out delayed bud set by 0.24 {+/-} 0.06 days and senescence by 0.22 {+/-} 0.08 days. Post-solstice full-day cooling in July delayed autumn phenology in late-leafing individuals (bud set +4.9 {+/-} 2.6 days; senescence +3.1 {+/-} 2.8 days) but had negligible impact on early-leafing trees (bud set +1.4 {+/-} 2.6 days; leaf senescence +2.2 {+/-} 2.8 days). Conversely, August full-day cooling advanced both stages. Daytime cooling before the solstice had no effect, while after the solstice it advanced autumn phenology. Nighttime cooling always delayed bud set. These findings support the Solstice-as-Phenology-Switch model and highlight the central role of developmental progression in constraining growing seasons. Faster early-season development -especially under nighttime warming- moves trees past the switch earlier, increasing sensitivity to late-season cooling and thereby triggering earlier autumn phenology. To improve growing season length projections, phenology models should account for these developmentally-mediated and diel-specific temperature responses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rebindaine, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crowther, T. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renner, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bucher, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zohner, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.18.654771</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Developmental constraints mediate the summer solstice reversal of climate effects on European beech bud set]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.21.655421v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-Cell Analysis of Meningiomas Reveals Mutation-Associated Tumor and Immune Cell Gene Expression Programs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.21.655421v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genomic and epigenetic profiling, particularly DNA methylation analysis, have refined the molecular classification of meningiomas and revealed marked intratumoral heterogeneity. To further characterize heterogeneity within and between patients, we analyzed meningiomas using single-cell RNA sequencing (n=11), whole-exome sequencing (n=9), and spatial transcriptomics (n=3). Single-cell analysis revealed six transcriptionally distinct tumor cell states that corresponded to unique biological processes. Integration of the single-cell data with published exome and bulk RNA sequencing data from a large cohort revealed significant associations among somatic variants, tumor cell states, and immunological signatures. Notably, NF2-altered tumors were enriched for an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) cell state and immune cells, whereas NF2-intact tumors were enriched for a sterol metabolism cell state. Spatial transcriptomic analysis confirmed co-localization of immune cells and EMT tumor cells. Comparisons with immune cells from other brain tumors and peripheral tissues highlighted immunological cell states specific to meningioma. Collectively, these findings refine our genetic and molecular understanding of meningioma heterogeneity and underscore the link between genotype and molecular phenotype.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Maldonado, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mashimo, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desai, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sherpa, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anzaldua-Campos, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zipfel, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dowling, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leuthardt, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osbun, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vellimana, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chicoine, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunn, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petti, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.21.655421</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-Cell Analysis of Meningiomas Reveals Mutation-Associated Tumor and Immune Cell Gene Expression Programs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.21.655143v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Xist Repeat A coordinates an assembly of SR proteins to recruit SPEN and induce gene silencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.21.655143v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The lncRNA Xist represents a paradigm to understand the mechanisms of RNA-mediated gene silencing in mammals, which remain largely unresolved. To induce silencing, Xist recruits the RNA-binding protein SPEN through its 5'-proximal Repeat A domain. Yet, how Repeat A recruits SPEN and how SPEN coordinates silencing remain unclear. We report that sequences in Repeat A critical for SPEN recruitment directly bind SR-rich splicing factors. SRSF1, one such factor, is required for optimal SPEN recruitment and its RS-domain recruits SPEN when tethered to Xist. SPEN and SR-protein-binding motifs promote Repeat As association with many proteins, including the m6A machinery and elongating RNA polymerase II. SPEN also represses autosomal genes where its recruitment coincides with SR-protein binding. Our results reveal an unexpectedly essential role for splicing factors in coordinating silencing by Xist and suggest that the sensing of SR-protein-rich assemblies is a general mechanism through which SPEN targets genes for repression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Trotman, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porrello, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schactler, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeLeon, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eberhard, Q. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyson, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirik, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beltejar, M.-C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shinn, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ong, S.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez-Perez, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaffer, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dominguez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shechner, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calabrese, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.21.655143</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Xist Repeat A coordinates an assembly of SR proteins to recruit SPEN and induce gene silencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.21.655345v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unveiling functional-metabolic synergy in the healthy brain: multivariate integration of dynamic FDG-PET and resting-state fMRI 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.21.655345v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionDespite accounting for only 2% of body weight, the human brain requires significant amounts of glucose, even at rest, underscoring the importance of functional-metabolic relationships. Previous studies revealed moderate associations between resting-state fMRI functional connectivity (FC) and local metabolism via [18F]FDG-PET, yet much remains to be understood, particularly regarding their coupling between functional and metabolic networks.

MethodsTo this end, we employed multivariate Partial Least Squares Correlation (PLSC) to investigate the functional-metabolic relationship at both nodal and network level. From dynamic [18F]FDG-PET data we estimated parameters describing glucose metabolism --delivery rate (K1), phosphorylation rate (k3), and fractional uptake (Ki)-- and generated within-individual metabolic connectivity (MC) networks. FC was derived from fMRI data filtered into two frequency bands and summarized as region-wise strength to capture nodal characteristics.

ResultsOur findings revealed that glucose delivery is linked with FC strength, particularly when fMRI signal frequencies include greater hemodynamic contributions. Even stronger functional-metabolic coupling occurs at the network level in the low-frequency fMRI band, with higher MC between sensory/attention and transmodal networks supporting stronger FC within sensory/attention areas.

ConclusionsBy leveraging PLSC, this work deepens our understanding of the functional-metabolic synergy in the healthy brain, providing new insights into its organization.

Key PointsO_LIWe identified robust functional-metabolic synergy in the healthy brain using multivariate Partial Least Squares Correlation (PLSC), revealing strong associations between fMRI-derived functional connectivity and glucose metabolism from dynamic [{superscript 1}F]FDG-PET.
C_LIO_LIAt the nodal level, glucose delivery (K1) is more strongly linked to FC strength than phosphorylation (k3) or uptake (Ki), especially in fMRI bands enriched with hemodynamic components.
C_LIO_LIAt the network level, coupling between metabolic and functional connectivity is strongest in the canonical low-frequency fMRI band, suggesting that integrated metabolic support underpins large-scale functional integration across brain systems.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tarricone, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vallini, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baron, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silvestri, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Volpi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vlassenko, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goyal, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertoldo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.21.655345</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unveiling functional-metabolic synergy in the healthy brain: multivariate integration of dynamic FDG-PET and resting-state fMRI]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.21.655351v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transient effects in corticospinal and reticulospinal tract excitability induced by motor skill and isometric resistance training 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.21.655351v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Motor skill and resistance training are commonly used in rehabilitation to enhance neural plasticity. Nonetheless, how each modality impacts the excitability of corticospinal and reticulospinal pathways controlling the lower limb remains poorly understood. Here, we tested how single 30-minute sessions of cue-paced motor skill and isometric resistance training modulate corticospinal, reticulospinal, and spinal excitability in unimpaired adults (N = 23). Using motor-evoked potentials via transcranial magnetic stimulation, we found that both training types increased corticospinal excitability, with more substantial effects following motor skill training. In contrast, reticulospinal tract excitability--assessed by StartReact responses--and spinal excitability--assessed by H/M ratios, F-wave response amplitude, and persistence--remained largely unchanged. These results suggest that short-term training selectively enhances corticospinal tract excitability without a measurable impact on spinal or reticulospinal circuits. This pathway-specific response may inform strategies for targeting neural plasticity in rehabilitation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hawthorn, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phelps, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atkinson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keesey, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seitz, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nie, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seanez, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.21.655351</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transient effects in corticospinal and reticulospinal tract excitability induced by motor skill and isometric resistance training]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.22.655434v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Macrophage-like vascular smooth muscle cells dominate early atherosclerosis and are inhibited by targeting iron regulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.22.655434v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contribute dynamically to atherosclerosis at all stages but the molecular drivers of their phenotypic switching, especially during early plaque development, and how they contribute to plaque progression remain unclear. We performed spatial transcriptomics on 12 human aortic tissues with and without atherosclerotic plaque. Macrophage-like SMCs were the predominant cell-type in the atheroma, displaying high iron storage and dysregulation, confirmed by spatial elemental mapping with nuclear microscopy. The combination of soluble iron and oxidized LDL promoted foamy macrophage-like VSMC cell state transition, while chelation inhibited this switching. In vivo, iron dysregulation induced neointimal thickening and macrophage-like switching in wire-injured Ldlr-/- mice, which was significantly reversed by ferrostatin-1, a ferroptosis inhibitor. These data show how targeting iron regulation modifies the macrophage-like VSMC cell state, and inhibits disease progression in atherogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gurung, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C. J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liehn, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nurjanah, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Kan, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villanueva, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amrute, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ackers-Johnson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruberto, F. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loo, Y. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, X. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karampinos, K. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kofidis, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavine, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singaraja, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorokin, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foo, R. S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.22.655434</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Macrophage-like vascular smooth muscle cells dominate early atherosclerosis and are inhibited by targeting iron regulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.22.655585v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chondrocyte-Specific Knockout of Piezo1 and Piezo2 Protects Against Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis Structural Damage and Pain in Mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.22.655585v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractO_ST_ABSBackgroundC_ST_ABSOsteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating joint disease characterized by cartilage degeneration, synovial inflammation, and bone remodeling, with limited therapeutic options targeting the underlying pathophysiology. Mechanosensitive ion channels Piezo1 and Piezo2 play crucial roles in chondrocyte responses to mechanical stress, mediating mechanotransduction pathways that influence chondrocyte survival, matrix production, and inflammatory signaling, but their distinct contributions to OA pathogenesis remain unclear.

MethodsUsing inducible, chondrocyte-specific Aggrecan-Cre (Acan) mice, we investigated Piezo1, Piezo2, and combined Piezo1/2 conditional knockouts (cKOs) using the destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) model of post-traumatic OA in male and female mice. Pain and behavioral assessments were conducted at four time points to evaluate OA progression, while cartilage damage, bone remodeling, and synovial inflammation were assessed at the final endpoint of 28 weeks. Statistical analyses included one-way and two-way ANOVA with Tukeys multiple comparisons test.

ResultsPiezo1 cKO delayed pain onset but ultimately exacerbated cartilage degradation and synovitis, emphasizing its dual role in protective and pathogenic mechanotransduction. While the Piezo2 cKO reduced pain and preserved activity, it failed to protect cartilage. Notably, Piezo1/2 cKO provided the greatest protection against cartilage degeneration, synovitis, and pain. Micro-computed tomography analyses revealed that Piezo2 is critical for maintaining trabecular bone integrity, with a Piezo2 cKO leading to decreased bone volume, thickness, and density, independent of injury. Piezo2 cKO also reduced normal meniscal ossification that occurs with age in mice. In contrast, a Piezo1/2 cKO normalized most bone remodeling parameters observed in Piezo2 cKO mice but did not restore medial tibial plateau thickness, highlighting Piezo2s essential role in bone structure.

ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate the overlapping and compensatory roles of Piezo1 and Piezo2 in OA pathogenesis. Dual inhibition of Piezo1 and Piezo2 may offer a novel, effective therapeutic strategy targeting both structural and symptomatic aspects of the disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ely, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lenz, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paradi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ack, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behrmann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunivan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braxton, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liedtke, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collins, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guilak, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.22.655585</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chondrocyte-Specific Knockout of Piezo1 and Piezo2 Protects Against Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis Structural Damage and Pain in Mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.24.655931v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intervertebral disc impairments in a mouse model of Alzheimer's Disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.24.655931v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chronic low back pain, frequently associated with intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, is highly prevalent in individuals with Alzheimers disease (AD), and the pain intensity is highly correlated with the degree of cognitive impairment. While the incidences of both afflictions increase dramatically in the elderly population, it is unknown whether AD exacerbates the health of the IVD. Utilizing one-year-old male and female 5xFAD mice that constitutively express human APP and PSEN1 transgenes with five AD-linked mutations, we measured the lumbar IVDs extracellular matrix composition, the three-dimensional structure, histopathological degeneration, and mechanical behavior. The collagen, glycosaminoglycans, and advanced glycation end-products content of the IVD were not appreciably different between the 5xFAD animals and their wild-type littermates. Likewise, the 5xFAD IVDs were not histopathologically degenerated. However, the IVD volume, measured by contrast-enhanced microCT, was larger in the 5xFAD animals. Furthermore, dynamic microcompression revealed that 5xFAD IVDs exhibited higher loss tangent, indicating altered tissue damping and fluid-flow dynamics within the disc. These results suggest that although the IVDs of mice with AD are not more degenerated, they may be more susceptible to damage accumulation due to the elevated absorption of energy. Elderly individuals with AD may thus be more prone to IVD injuries that lead to eventual degeneration and spinal pain. Future work will focus on defining the molecular mechanisms and the consequences of these mechanical and structural changes in the IVD and their consequences to low back pain in individuals with AD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schurman, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schilling, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellerby, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.24.655931</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intervertebral disc impairments in a mouse model of Alzheimer's Disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.25.655149v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PEDOT:PSS Microparticles for Extrudable and Bioencapsulating Conducting Granular Hydrogel Bioelectronics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.25.655149v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Conducting hydrogels are promising materials for forming physiomimetic bioelectronic interfaces to monitor and stimulate biological activity. However, most developed materials are non-microporous and possess fixed shapes, both of which can limit the integration of cells and tissues with devices. In non-conducting biomaterials, materials fabrication strategies imparting microporosity and dynamic mechanical properties have been shown to support cell infiltration and support biointerfaces of various geometries. Specifically, granular hydrogels have enabled encapsulating, conformal, and injectable interfaces through these features. However, granular hydrogels remain largely unexplored as conducting biomaterials. We present methods for fabricating spherical, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hydrogel microparticles. When densely packed, these microparticles form a conducting granular hydrogel with microporosity as well as shear-thinning and self-healing dynamic mechanical properties. The PEDOT:PSS granular hydrogel can be extruded and maintain structure post-3D printing. Modulating microparticle PSS content achieves high granular hydrogel conductivity (137 S/m), and microparticles exhibit excellent cytocompatibility (>98% viability). Finally, we demonstrate utility as bioencapsulating electrodes for electrophysiological monitoring. These results highlight the functionality of our PEDOT:PSS conducting granular hydrogel, suggesting its potential as 3D printed bioencapsulating electrodes, 3D tissue engineering scaffolds for monitoring encapsulated cells, and injectable therapies for enhanced cell recruitment and tissue regeneration combined with electronic stimulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Goestenkors, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Espinoza, C. J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedman, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okafor, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatterjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Debnath, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Semar, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Hare, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarez, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singamaneni, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rutz, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.25.655149</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PEDOT:PSS Microparticles for Extrudable and Bioencapsulating Conducting Granular Hydrogel Bioelectronics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.26.656009v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Amino acid sensing by the α-cell mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate cycle regulates intracellular Ca2+ levels without impacting glucagon secretion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.26.656009v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pancreatic islet -cells are increasingly recognized as amino acid sensors for the organism. Building on our prior work in {beta}-cells, we sought to determine whether the mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) cycle is involved in -cell amino acid sensing. Three different methods were used to probe the PEP cycle, including pyruvate kinase activators (TEPP-46), and mice with -cell specific deletion of pyruvate kinase (PKM1/2-KO) or mitochondrial PEP carboxykinase (PCK2-KO). The mitochondrial fuels glutamine/leucine antagonized alanine/arginine-stimulated Ca2+ influx and glucagon secretion under hypoglycemic conditions. Both PKM1/2 and PCK2 were required for glutamine/leucine to close KATP channels and limit amino acid-stimulated membrane depolarization. The Ca2+ response to amino acids was suppressed by pyruvate kinase activation with TEPP-46, and enhanced by -cell deletion of pyruvate kinase or PCK2 - all without changing glucagon secretion. Finally, using diazoxide/KCl to probe the pathways downstream of membrane depolarization, we identified an essential role of the PEP cycle in homeostatically restoring intracellular Ca2+ levels. In sum, the -cell mitochondrial PEP cycle senses glutamine/leucine and inhibits KATP channels similarly to {beta}-cells, while restricting amino acid-stimulated membrane depolarization and Ca2+ influx. However, defying expectations, none of the amino acids tested, including alanine/arginine, regulate glucagon secretion by modulating membrane depolarization or intracellular Ca2+.



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=158 SRC="FIGDIR/small/656009v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (57K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@18a29f0org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1c77041org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@9adc1dorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@e91407_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG Graphical abstract-cells as amino acids sensors. Arginine, alanine, and glutamine potentiate glucagon secretion, while leucine has a suppressive effect (left). Independently of glucagon secretion, glutamine and leucine suppress alanine and arginine-stimulated Ca2+ influx via the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) cycle, which closes KATP channels and suppresses Vm depolarization (right).

C_FIG HighlightsO_LIOur studies identify a role for the -cell PEP cycle in sensing amino acids under hypoglycemic conditions.
C_LIO_LIPyruvate kinase and PCK2 are required for glutamine/leucine to close -cell KATP channel and limit membrane depolarization and Ca2+ influx.
C_LIO_LIGlutamine/leucine oppose alanine/arginine-stimulated Ca2+ influx and glucagon secretion.
C_LIO_LIAll of the amino acids tested regulate glucagon secretion, but none do so by modulating membrane depolarization or intracellular Ca2+ levels.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foster, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Potapenko, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughes, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merrins, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.26.656009</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Amino acid sensing by the α-cell mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate cycle regulates intracellular Ca2+ levels without impacting glucagon secretion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.26.655807v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mitochondrial presequences harbor variable strengths to maintain organellar function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.26.655807v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hundreds of mitochondrial-destined proteins rely on N-terminal presequences for organellar targeting and import. While generally described as positively charged amphipathic helices, presequences lack a consensus motif and thus likely promote the import of proteins into mitochondria with variable efficiencies. Indeed, the concept of presequence "strength" critically underlies biological models such as stress sensing, yet a quantitative analysis of what dictates "strong" versus "weak" presequences is lacking. Furthermore, the extent to which presequence strength affects mitochondrial function and cellular fitness remains unclear. Here, we capitalize on the high-throughput and kinetic nature of the MitoLuc mitochondrial protein import assay to quantify multiple aspects of presequence strength. We find that select presequences, including those that regulate the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), are sufficient to impart differential import efficiencies during mitochondrial uncoupling. Surprisingly, we find that presequences beyond those classically associated with stress signaling promote highly variable import efficiency in stressed and basal (i.e., non-stressed) conditions in vitro, suggesting that presequence strength may influence a broader array of processes than currently appreciated. We exploit this variability to demonstrate that only presequences that promote robust import in vitro can fully rescue defects in respiratory growth in Complex IV-deficient yeast, suggesting that presequence strength dictates metabolic potential. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that presequence strength can describe numerous metrics, such as total imported protein, maximal import velocity, or sensitivity to uncoupling, suggesting that the annotation of presequences as "weak" versus "strong" requires more nuanced characterization than is typically performed. Importantly, we find that such variability in presequence strength meaningfully affects cellular fitness in processes beyond stress signaling, suggesting that organisms may broadly exploit presequence strength to fine-tune mitochondrial import and thus organellar homeostasis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erdenepurev, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collinson, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niemi, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.26.655807</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mitochondrial presequences harbor variable strengths to maintain organellar function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.26.656163v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microglial SWELL1 Deficiency Drives Male-Specific Seizure Vulnerability but Paradoxical Neuroprotection through Impaired Phagocytosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.26.656163v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The discovery of genes encoding the volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC) has enabled detailed exploration of its cell type-specific roles in the brain. LRRC8A (SWELL1) is the essential VRAC subunit. We observed seizure-induced, subunit-specific changes in microglial VRAC expression and investigated its function using conditional knockout (cKO) of LRRC8A in microglia. SWELL1 cKO mice exhibited a male-specific increase in kainate-induced seizure severity yet showed paradoxical neuroprotection against seizure-associated neuronal loss. Mechanistically, SWELL1 deletion led to a cell-autonomous reduction in microglial density and decreased release of VRAC-permeable neuroactive metabolites, including taurine, GABA, and glutamate in culture. Additionally, impaired phagocytic kinetics and reduced lysosomal biogenesis contributed to the observed neuroprotection. These findings reveal novel roles for microglial VRAC in regulating seizure outcomes and microglia-neuron interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barath, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dheer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goche, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T. T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montier, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akter, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peshoff, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Umpierre, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bosco, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haruwaka, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sah, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, L.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.26.656163</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microglial SWELL1 Deficiency Drives Male-Specific Seizure Vulnerability but Paradoxical Neuroprotection through Impaired Phagocytosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.27.656464v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Application of Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography To Guide Cochlear Implant Electrode Array 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.27.656464v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
HypothesisA custom spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) platform can be used for real-time guidance of a cochlear implant electrode array (EA).

BackgroundWith current cochlear implant surgical techniques, placement of the EA is a blind maneuver in which the surgeon relies on tactile feedback as the EA advances through the cochlear lumen. Cochlear implant trauma is a leading factor for poor speech performance outcomes and loss of residual hearing following surgery. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging modality that provides real-time visualization of tissue microstructure at higher spatial resolutions compared to clinical CT and MRI. Already adopted as standard of care in ophthalmology, OCT has the potential to assist the surgeon in real-time visualization of the EA trajectory. Unlike commercial systems, our custom OCT system allows tailored wavelength, scanning geometry, and real-time processing, which are critical factors for navigating the compact anatomy of the facial recess to image the cochlea.

MethodsA custom-built SD-OCT system was used to image cochlear microanatomy in mice and human cadaveric temporal bones. The OCT system was then used to guide a mock EA in human cadaveric temporal bones in real-time using individual B scans that were reviewed sequentially as the EA was being advanced through the round window.

ResultsUsing our OCT system, high-resolution (< 5.0 m) images of cochlear microanatomy were obtained in both mice and cadaveric human temporal bones with an image sensitivity of [~]104 dB. Following cochleostomy in cadaveric temporal bones, real-time sequential OCT B-scans were used to reliably guide placement of the EA through the scala tympani.

ConclusionOur custom-built SD-OCT platform can generate high-resolution real-time visualization and orientation of mammalian cochlear microanatomy that can be used to assist with real time guidance of a CI EA. This technology has the potential to serve as a real-time surgical image guidance tool to minimize EA trauma and further our understanding of human cochlear pathophysiology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiramongkolchai, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaral, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nie, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adkins, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holden, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchman, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.27.656464</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Application of Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography To Guide Cochlear Implant Electrode Array]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.27.656471v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Motor impairment and adaptation in a novel non-human primate model of internal capsule infarct 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.27.656471v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Loss of distal hand and finger control is among the most disabling consequences of stroke. Functional outcomes are typically worse when infarcts involve subcortical white matter tracts, particularly the internal capsule, yet most preclinical stroke models target cortical regions. To address this gap, we developed a non-human primate model of internal capsule infarct using stereotactically guided endothelin-1 injections to disrupt descending fibers from the primary motor cortex hand area. Serial structural and diffusion MRI, along with histology, confirmed subcortical infarcts centered on the targeted white matter region with no apparent cortical involvement. Motor function was assessed pre- and post-infarct using a joystick-based center-out task (proximal forelimb control) and a Kluver board task (distal forelimb control). Animals exhibited variable impairments in proximal function and consistent post-infarct deficits in distal function, including reduced contralesional hand use, longer retrieval time, and increased in-well digit flexions. One animal showed mild post-infarct impairment and the smallest lesion, highlighting that this model reflects inter-individual differences in infarct size and functional outcome as seen in human subcortical stroke. In contrast, the other two animals developed a compensatory wrist-extended posture on the Kluver board task by 4 weeks post-infarct, which stabilized the hand and enabled improved digit flexion. Incorporating this behavioral adaptation into statistical models improved prediction of motor performance. The observed adaptation may have drawn on spared corticospinal output pathways, allowing animals to re-engage pre-existing motor routines to perform the retrieval. While future studies may benefit from ethologically relevant tasks to further elucidate such adaptations, findings from this study recapitulate key features of human subcortical stroke, including persistent distal motor deficits and emergence of adaptive motor strategies. By combining precise lesioning, longitudinal imaging, and detailed behavioral analysis, this model provides a translationally oriented platform for studying white matter stroke mechanisms and evaluating interventions that promote functional recovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sivakumar, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anand, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brawer, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mellor, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burkhalter, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burton, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunner, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bundy, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leuthardt, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moran, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.27.656471</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Motor impairment and adaptation in a novel non-human primate model of internal capsule infarct]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.28.656357v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SMURF Reconstructs Single-Cells from Visium HD Data to Reveal Zonation of Transcriptional Programs in the Intestine 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.28.656357v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
High-resolution spatial transcriptomics requires new computational methods to accurately assign transcripts to individual cells. We developed SMURF (Segmentation and Manifold UnRolling Framework), a novel, cross-platform, soft-segmentation algorithm that maps mRNAs from barcoded capture spots to nearby nuclei. SMURF also "unrolls" complex tissue architectures by projecting cells onto Cartesian coordinates, enabling analysis of cell-type organization and gene-expression gradients in intact tissues. We benchmarked SMURF and found it assigns mRNAs to single cells more accurately than existing approaches. We evaluated SMURFs ability to unroll complex tissues at cell-type resolution across multiple tissues and platforms. This analysis revealed previously unrecognized zonation of gene-expression programs, identified the transcription factors that regulate these patterns, and provided evidence that regional gene expression at the intestinal tip is reprogrammed by luminal environmental signals. Together, these results establish SMURF as a powerful framework for analyzing gene expression of cells within their native tissue contexts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarafinovska, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagenson, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valentine, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitra, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muegge, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.28.656357</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SMURF Reconstructs Single-Cells from Visium HD Data to Reveal Zonation of Transcriptional Programs in the Intestine]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.31.656953v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cryo-EM structure of DNA-unbound human MCM2-7 complex reveals new disease-relevant regulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.31.656953v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromatin loading of the hexameric replicative helicase MCM2-7 complex requires coordinated interactions with the origin recognition complex (ORC), CDC6, and CDT1. MCM2-7 not bound to DNA forms a single hexamer (SH) with an open DNA entry gate. Two MCM2-7 SHs are loaded sequentially to form the double hexamer (DH) that encircles the DNA duplex. Activated MCM2-7 then unwinds DNA and initiates DNA replication. Our cryo-electron microscopy analyses show that a fraction of human MCM2-7 without DNA exists as DH. Unexpectedly, we find that the MCM3 winged helix domain (WHD) docks on MCM2 in both DNA-free DH and SH, creating a safety latch across the DNA entry gate to block DNA entry into the central channel. The safety latch can be opened by ORC-CDC6 binding. Disrupting this latch by designed or human disease-related mutations of MCM3 causes replication defects and DNA damage checkpoint activation. Our findings uncover a new regulated step in MCM2-7 loading with implications for human diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.31.656953</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cryo-EM structure of DNA-unbound human MCM2-7 complex reveals new disease-relevant regulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.01.657311v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adhesive implant interfaces prevent fibrosis by disrupting mechanobiological feedback 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.01.657311v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fibrotic encapsulation around medical implants affects millions of patients annually. Current approaches targeting inflammation or implant material properties have failed clinically, but the mechanical origins of implant-induced fibrosis remain unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that directional imbalance of mechanical forces ("tension anisotropy") is the primary driver of fibroblast activation at implant-tissue interfaces, and that it can be eliminated through adhesive bonding strategies. Computational modeling reveals a mechanistic basis for successful adhesive anti-fibrotic interfaces: conventional sutured implants generate highly anisotropic stress fields between discrete suture anchor points that activate fibroblasts, while adhesive interfaces distribute forces isotropically, maintaining a mechanical environment that does not activate fibroblasts. In vivo experiments from the literature across multiple animal models confirm these predictions: as predicted, adhesive interfaces completely prevent fibrotic capsule formation for up to 12 weeks across diverse organs, while maintaining identical implant composition and geometry compared to sutured controls. Results establish tension anisotropy as a mechanical regulator of implant fibrosis and provide a mechanistic foundation explaining why adhesive interfaces succeed where all previous anti-fibrotic strategies have failed. By addressing the root mechanical cause of fibrosis, this mechanobiology-driven approach may enable a universal approach for preventing fibrosis across all categories of implantable medical devices.

Significance statementMillions of patients suffer from medical device failure due to fibrotic encapsulation, in which a surgically implanted item such as pacemaker leads or a vascular graft loses function by becoming covered with scar tissue. Implants affixed to soft tissues by sutures are especially prone to this form of failure, but implants affixed with a recently invented adhesive are not. We present the discovery that directional imbalance of forces ("tension anisotropy") drives conversion of healing tissue into scar tissue. Conventional sutured implants create highly anisotropic stress fields between anchor points that activate fibroblasts, while adhesive interfaces distribute forces isotropically, attenuating scarring. This mechanistic insight explains why adhesive implant-tissue interfaces successfully prevent fibrotic capsule formation across multiple animal models and organ systems, where all previous anti-fibrotic approaches have failed. By addressing root mechanical causes of fibrotic remodeling, this discovery provides a pathway for clinical remediation of fibrotic encapsulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jafari, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aymon, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shakiba, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genin, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alisafaei, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.01.657311</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adhesive implant interfaces prevent fibrosis by disrupting mechanobiological feedback]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.03.657609v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In vitro plasticity between ureteric epithelial and distal nephron identity and maturity is controlled by extracellular signals. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.03.657609v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Several studies have described human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived ureteric epithelium, which in the embryo arises from the nephric duct and forms the collecting ducts of the kidney. However, hPSC-derived distal nephron epithelium can also adopt a ureteric phenotype, despite this not occurring during embryogenesis. In this study, RETtdTomato and GATA3mCherry reporter lines were used to further investigate this plasticity. Induction of anterior intermediate mesoderm resulted in the spontaneous formation of an epithelial plexus with a nephric duct-like identity. Subsequent addition of RSPO1 induced patterning of distalized nephrons, including distal convoluted tubule and thick ascending limb of loop of Henle but lacking proximal segments or glomeruli. This epithelium showed a capacity to adopt ureteric epithelial or nephric duct-like states in ex vivo co-culture in response to external cues. The same epithelium seeded as single cells in Matrigel formed epithelial spheroids and adopted a RET+ ureteric tip identity. This in vitro continuum between nephric duct, ureteric epithelium and distal nephron illustrates the role of the microenvironment in cellular identity.

Highlights and eTOCO_ST_ABSHighlightsC_ST_ABSO_LIDistal renal epithelium shows substantial plasticity in vitro
C_LIO_LIIdentity can be shifted towards distal nephron, including distal convoluted tubule and loop of Henle, in response to prolonged RSPO1
C_LIO_LIDistal epithelial identity can shift in ex vivo culture in response to surrounding signals
C_LIO_LICollecting duct is supported by Matrigel culture
C_LI

eTOC blurbKairath and colleagues investigate the plasticity of induced renal epithelium in response to external signalling cues in vitro and ex vivo. Initial patterning generates a plastic epithelium able to pattern to specific distal nephron. The same epithelium, cultured in Matrigel patterns to ureteric epithelium.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kairath, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Er, P. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghobrial, I. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanslambrouck, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pruett-Miller, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Little, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.03.657609</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In vitro plasticity between ureteric epithelial and distal nephron identity and maturity is controlled by extracellular signals.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.02.657487v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Sphingosine-1-phosphate pathway is differentially activated in human gestational tissues. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.02.657487v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BACKGROUNDDysregulated myometrial contractility contributes to obstetric complications. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is an important inflammatory regulator in the myometrium and decidua, yet its metabolic dynamics during pregnancy are poorly characterized. This study aimed to profile the expression of S1P metabolic enzymes and receptors, and quantify sphingolipid metabolism in human gestational tissues across pregnancy.

METHODSMyometrium, decidua parietalis, and chorioamnion were collected from women undergoing cesarean sections at term ([&ge;]37 weeks gestation) without labor (TNL), at term with labor (TL), and preterm (<37 weeks gestation) without labor (PTNL). Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of S1P metabolic enzymes and receptors was assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, while sphingolipids were quantified using targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

RESULTSS1P metabolic enzymes and receptors were differentially expressed across gestational tissues. At TNL, SPHK1 expression was significantly higher in the decidua parietalis than in the chorioamnion and myometrium. The myometrium exhibited the highest mRNA expression of S1P receptors (S1PR1-4) compared to the decidua and chorioamnion. At term, S1P was more abundant in the myometrium than in the decidua parietalis and chorioamnion. Both SPHK1 and S1P were significantly increased in TL compared to TNL myometrium. S1P levels were higher in the myometrium at TNL compared to PTNL, while no significant differences were observed in the decidua and chorioamnion. Overall, sphingolipid metabolism was highest in the decidua and myometrium and lowest in the chorioamnion at term.

CONCLUSIONThese findings reveal tissue-specific regulation of S1P metabolism and signaling in human gestational tissues, suggesting a therapeutic role of S1P in modulating myometrial contractility.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mbadhi, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujiwara, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gill, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchum, K. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raghuraman, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frolova, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.02.657487</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Sphingosine-1-phosphate pathway is differentially activated in human gestational tissues.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.03.657495v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Improved genome assembly of double haploid Prunus persica siblings Lovell 2D and Lovell 5D and the peach NLRome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.03.657495v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Prunus persica (peach) has long served as a model fruit tree for studying phenological events. It has a relatively small genome and exhibits tremendous plasticity in climate tolerances due to the high variation of chill requirements, bloom times, and fruit ripening times. The peach variety  Lovell 2D was used to generate one of the first high-quality genome assemblies for a tree species, using Sanger sequencing of genetic-map ordered BAC clones. A key to the high quality of this early assembly was the use of a doubled haploid variety, which eliminates the challenges posed by mixed haplotypes. Here, we re-sequenced and assembled the  Lovell 2D genome along with a doubled haploid sibling  Lovell 5D using 3rd generation technologies. The resulting genomes were significantly more contiguous than the current  Lovell 2D reference genome (ver2.0 updated in 2017) and are closer to the estimated total genome size for peach (265Mb). In addition, new gene, transposable element (TE), and Nucleotide-binding domain and Leucine-rich repeat receptor (NLR) annotations were performed to enhance the integrity and utility of the genome. These updated peach doubled-haploid reference assemblies will provide the research community with an improved reference genome for genomics-guided studies and breeding efforts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gottschalk, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brock, j. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mansfeld, B. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Main, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vann, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demuth, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dardick, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.03.657495</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Improved genome assembly of double haploid Prunus persica siblings Lovell 2D and Lovell 5D and the peach NLRome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.03.657641v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ablation of VEGFA following a lumbar intervertebral disc injury attenuates intradiscal neurovascular features and prevents chronic low back pain symptoms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.03.657641v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite its enormous burden on patients and society, chronic low back pain (LBP) has no effective therapeutic options. Innervation of the degenerating intervertebral disc (IVD) is suspected to cause discogenic LBP, but the mechanisms that orchestrate the IVDs neo-innervation and subsequent symptoms of LBP remain unknown. We hypothesize that Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A (VEGFA) critically mediates the neurite invasion in the IVD and contributes to chronic LBP. Initiating IVD degeneration through a mechanical injury, we evaluated the progression of neurovascular features into the IVD, as well as ensuring LBP symptoms and locomotive impairments at acute (3-weeks) and chronic (12-weeks) timepoints following the IVD injury. To determine the role of VEGFA, we utilized a mouse model with ubiquitously inducible recombination of the floxed Vegfa allele (UBC-CreERT2; Vegfafl/fl). The ablation of VEGFA after an IVD injury attenuated de novo neurite and vessel infiltration and impeded the expression of TRPA1, a nociceptive ion channel, in the dorsal root ganglion. The VEGFA-null animals, despite IVD degeneration, exhibited alleviated mechanical allodynia and improved locomotive performance. To determine the effects of IVD-derived VEGFA on endothelial cells and neurons, we co-cultured HMEC-1 endothelial cells and SH-SY5Y neurons with VEGFA-silenced human primary IVD cells. The endothelial cells co-cultured with VEGFA-silenced IVD cells exhibited reduced vessel growth and shifted their transcriptome and secretome from angiogenic to lymphangiogenic. The neurons co-cultured VEGFA-silenced IVD cells showed slowed growth and attenuated transcriptional programs for growth and elongation. These results show that VEGFA directs the growth of intradiscal vessels and neurites that cause low back pain and impaired function, and the inhibition of IVD-derived VEGFA during degeneration may be sufficient to prevent chronic pain behavior and motor impairment associated with discogenic low back pain.

One Sentence SummaryVEGFA is a key mediator of neurovascular infiltration in the degenerating intervertebral disc and an essential driver of chronic low back pain, whose ablation prevents pain-related behaviors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Potter, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clayton, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walk, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liefer, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jing, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stratman, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Setton, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.03.657641</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ablation of VEGFA following a lumbar intervertebral disc injury attenuates intradiscal neurovascular features and prevents chronic low back pain symptoms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.04.657883v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ketogenic diet dampens excitatory neurotransmission by shrinking synaptic vesicle pools 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.04.657883v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
HIGHLIGHTSO_LIKD rewires gene expression in the hippocampus, particularly impacting synaptic genes.
C_LIO_LIKD profoundly alters epigenetic modifications in the hippocampus.
C_LIO_LIKD reduces excitatory synaptic gain and dampens integration of synaptic inputs.
C_LIO_LIKD reduces the readily releasable vesicle pool in excitatory synapses.
C_LI

The ketogenic diet (KD) is a common dietary intervention for treating seizures in intractable childhood epilepsies and has been proposed to improve disease outcome in neurodegenerative disorders. Despite its clinical applications, we know little about how this diet impacts brain circuitry and neuronal function to elicit its protective effects. Here, we examined the impact of the KD on hippocampal function through integrative analysis of gene expression, epigenetics and neurotransmission. We found that KD induces profound transcriptional reprogramming of the hippocampus, including dampened expression of numerous synaptic genes. Through proteomic analysis of histone variants and post-translational modifications, we uncovered significant changes in activating and repressive histone marks in the hippocampus of KD mice. To determine how transcriptional rewiring of the hippocampus under KD impacts neurotransmission, we performed electrophysiological recordings of neurotransmission and synaptic dynamics at excitatory CA3-CA1 synapses. We found that KD diminishes synaptic gain and dampens short-term plasticity at excitatory synapses, resulting in reduced integration of synaptic inputs at the circuit level. Combining electrophysiology and electron microscopy, we determined that effects of KD in excitatory synapses are caused by a reduction in size of the readily releasable pool of synaptic vesicles, as well as the total vesicle pool. Our findings show that the ketogenic diet triggers synaptic remodeling in the hippocampus, driven by broad transcriptional and epigenetic changes that reduce synaptic vesicle pools and short-term plasticity at excitatory synapses ultimately dampening excitatory synaptic gain and integration at the circuit level. These synaptic adaptations may represent a major mechanism underlying the anti-epileptic effects of this diet.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stunault, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Periandri, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vitorino, F. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barfield, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ponce, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egervari, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klyachko, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashrafi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.04.657883</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ketogenic diet dampens excitatory neurotransmission by shrinking synaptic vesicle pools]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.08.658478v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanisms of KCNQ1 gating modulation by KCNE1/3 for cell-specific function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.08.658478v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
KCNQ1 potassium channels are essential for physiological processes such as cardiac rhythm and intestinal chloride secretion. KCNE-family subunits (KCNE1-5) associate with KCNQ1, conferring distinct properties across various tissues. KCNQ1 activation requires membrane depolarization and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) whose cellular levels are controlled by Gq-coupled GPCR activation. While modulation of KCNQ1s voltage-dependent activation by KCNE1/3 is well-characterized, their effects on PIP2-dependent gating of KCNQ1 via GPCR signaling remain less understood. Here we resolved structures of KCNQ1-KCNE1 and reassessed reported KCNQ1-KCNE3 structures with and without PIP2. We revealed that KCNQ1-KCNE1/3 complexes feature two PIP2-binding sites, with KCNE1/3 contributing to a previously overlooked, uncharacterized site involving residues critical for voltage sensor and pore domain coupling. Via this site, KCNE1 and KCNE3 distinctly modulate the PIP2-dependent gating, in addition to the voltage sensitivity, of KCNQ1. Consequently, KCNE3 converts KCNQ1 into a voltage-insensitive PIP2-gated channel governed by GPCR signaling to maintain ion homeostasis in non-excitable cells. KCNE1, by significantly enhancing KCNQ1s PIP2 affinity and resistance to GPCR regulation, forms predominantly voltage-gated channels with KCNQ1 for conducting the slow-delayed rectifier current in excitable cardiac cells. Our study highlights how KCNE1/3 modulates KCNQ1 gating in different cellular contexts, providing insights for tissue-specifically targeting multi-functional channels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cui, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kermani, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pipatpolkai, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chittori, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delemotte, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.08.658478</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanisms of KCNQ1 gating modulation by KCNE1/3 for cell-specific function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.04.657846v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hb-EGF directs systemic muscle repair 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.04.657846v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Regenerative capacity varies between tissues, species, and stages of the life cycle. What is less appreciated is that regenerative capacity also varies with the magnitude of the injury, even within a single tissue. Vertebrate skeletal muscle efficiently regenerates following minor injuries; however, extensive injuries may result in incomplete repair, which can be debilitating. To understand if small- and large-scale muscle injuries activate distinct regenerative programs, we developed a systemic muscle injury model in zebrafish. Transcriptomic analysis of muscle and non-muscle tissues revealed that systemic and local muscle injuries elicit distinct molecular responses, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Systemic muscle injury activated the expression of Heparin binding epidermal-like growth factor (Hb-EGF) in the epidermis, and Hb-EGF is necessary for systemic muscle repair. Conversely, local muscle injury did not induce Hb-EGF expression and Hb-EGF was not required for local muscle repair. These studies suggest that large- and small-scale muscle injuries activate different regenerative programs, resulting in either systemic or local repair.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dean, H. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saraswathy, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saini, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ou, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McAdow, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tendolkar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mokalled, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.04.657846</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hb-EGF directs systemic muscle repair]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.05.658105v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ambient Pollution Components and Sources Associated with Hippocampal Architecture and Memory in Pre-Adolescents 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.05.658105v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundAmbient air pollution poses significant risks to brain health. The hippocampus may be particularly vulnerable, yet the extent to which it is impacted in children remains unclear.

MethodsUsing partial least squares correlation, we cross-sectionally analyzed air pollution, brain, and cognitive data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study to examine how multi-pollutant exposure influences hippocampal structure and memory in 9-11-year-olds (n= 7,940). Annual average air pollution exposures included PM2.5 (total mass, 15 components, and 6 source factors), NO2, and 8-hour maximum O3. Hippocampal outcomes included microstructure measured using Restriction Spectrum Imaging and hippocampus longitudinal-axis (i.e., head, body, tail) volumes. We examined hippocampal-dependent list-learning using the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. Models were adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic, and neuroimaging factors.

FindingsPM2.5 total mass was associated with hippocampal microstructure, but not long-axis volume or list-learning ability. Component and source analyses provided greater specificity: higher bromine, sulfate, and vanadium exposure was related to microstructure (72% shared variance), while higher copper and zinc exposure correlated with smaller left head and right body and tail volumes (75% shared variance). Source models implicated biomass burning and traffic pollution in microstructure (61% and 32% shared variance) and industrial and traffic sources in smaller hippocampal volumes (77% shared variance). Higher exposure to several components were also linked to poorer list-learning (67% shared variance).

DiscussionCo-exposure to multiple pollutants is linked to differences in hippocampal structure and memory, showing that associations are driven not only by PM2.5 total mass but also by specific components and sources. This evidence underscores the necessity of targeting source-specific (e.g., biomass burning, traffic, and industrial emissions) and constituent components (e.g., metals) of air pollution during critical developmental windows to safeguard brain health.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rosario, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sukumaran, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bottenhorn, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Jesus, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cardenas-Iniguez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmadi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Habre, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abad, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pine, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barch, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwartz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hackman, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herting, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.05.658105</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ambient Pollution Components and Sources Associated with Hippocampal Architecture and Memory in Pre-Adolescents]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.08.657175v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural Acrobatics of IAA7: Exercising Fuzzy Regions to Aid Auxin-Mediated Catalysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.08.657175v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Auxin is the paragon of small molecules driving recognition of proteins for their ubiquitylation and degradation, enabling rapid decoding of external signals into transcriptional responses. Auxin functions as a molecular glue, enhancing interactions between the TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE 1 (TIR1) and other TIR1-like proteins with various AUXIN INDUCIBLE/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID (AUX/IAA) transcriptional repressors. A Cullin RING E3 ubiquitin ligase, SCFTIR1/AFBs, mediates the ubiquitylation and degradation of AUX/IAA proteins by positioning them for ubiquitin transfer, leading to their rapid degradation by the 26S proteasome. AUX/IAAs contain a Phox Bem 1 (PB1) domain, a degron, and intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) that influence auxin sensing and their polyubiquitylation by interacting with TIR1. However, the precise role of IDRs in AUX/IAA positioning for ubiquitylation, and the mechanism of multisite ubiquitylation within AUX/IAAs remain unclear. We used biophysical techniques and coarse-grained simulations (CGS) to study the structural behavior of IDRs in IAA7, a model AUX/IAA protein from Arabidopsis thaliana. Our findings show that IAA7 expands by approximately 2.6 nm upon binding to TIR1 in the presence of auxin, likely increasing the proximity between a lysine acceptor in IAA7 and the active site of the SCFTIR1 E3 ligase for ubiquitylation. Our data also suggest that IAA7 remains conformationally heterogeneous when bound to TIR1, forming numerous transient contacts along its IDRs and C-terminal PB1 with TIR1. We propose that these transient interactions outside the IAA7 degron interface enhance the TIR1{middle dot}IAA7 association, resulting in highly dynamic and heterogeneous complexes that facilitate IAA7 multisite ubiquitylation, targeting it for rapid proteasomal degradation.

Significance StatementIn this study, we use biophysical techniques to elucidate the implications of AUX/IAA intrinsic disorder on their conformational ensemble and processing by the E3 ubiquitin ligase, SCFTIR1. Our findings demonstrate that IAA7 undergoes a structural expansion upon binding to TIR1 and remains highly dynamic, facilitating multisite ubiquitylation. These insights enhance our understanding of how ubiquitylation targets engage with their E3 receptor modules and underscore the structural advantages of intrinsic disorder in protein ubiquitylation targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Parra, J. O. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ott, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bathia, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emenecker, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolff, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thalhammer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matschi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villalobos, L. I. A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.08.657175</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural Acrobatics of IAA7: Exercising Fuzzy Regions to Aid Auxin-Mediated Catalysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.11.658821v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Post-translational modifications distinguish amyloid-β isoform patterns extracted from vascular deposits and parenchymal plaques 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.11.658821v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Deposition of amyloid-{beta} (A{beta}) aggregates is a core pathological hallmark of both cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and extracellular parenchymal plaques in Alzheimers disease (AD). While both disease processes share progressive, decades-long deposition of fibrillar A{beta} peptide, they differ in isoform composition. We hypothesized that post-translational modifications (PTMs) on A{beta} would also differ between CAA and parenchymal plaques. Using Lys-N enzymatic digestion followed by quantitative mass spectrometry, we profiled A{beta} isoforms and N-terminus PTMs (aspartic acid isomerization and pyroglutamate formation) across CAA severity and compared them to parenchymal plaque A{beta} in AD. Moderate to severe CAA primarily featured intact N-terminus (A{beta}1-x) ([~]95%) with minimal N-truncated species (A{beta}2-x, A{beta}3pGlu-x, A{beta}4-x), whereas parenchymal plaques displayed diverse N-terminus truncations and PTMs. Increasing CAA severity correlated with a shift from longer, hydrophobic C-terminal isoforms (A{beta}41, A{beta}42, A{beta}43) to shorter, less hydrophobic C-terminal isoforms (A{beta}37, A{beta}38, A{beta}39, A{beta}40). Importantly, moderate and severe CAA displayed minimal isomerization of Asp-1 and Asp-7 residues, which correlated significantly (r > 0.9) with shorter C-terminal isoforms (A{beta}37, A{beta}38, A{beta}39, A{beta}40). These patterns suggest distinct A{beta} aggregation mechanisms in CAA versus parenchymal plaques. We propose that the intact N-terminus found in CAA with limited Asp isomerization is due to its inclusion within the protofibril structure (less disordered and inaccessible to PTMs), unlike the parenchymal plaques, where the N-terminus is more disordered and accessible to PTMs. These biochemical differences may reflect distinct protofibril architectures with potential implications for biomarker development for early CAA detection and therapeutic targeting of vascular and parenchymal A{beta}.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Koutarapu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, K. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coyle, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehla, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sato, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zipfel, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bateman, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwetye, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukherjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.11.658821</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Post-translational modifications distinguish amyloid-β isoform patterns extracted from vascular deposits and parenchymal plaques]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.11.659208v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Induction of Human Pruriceptors from Pluripotent Stem Cells via Transcription Factors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.11.659208v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pruriception is crucial for defense against external stimuli but can lead to chronic pruritus, a debilitating condition affecting millions worldwide. Our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind the sensation of itch has been hindered by the lack of functional human models. Here, we address this limitation by developing a protocol to generate induced pruriceptors (iPruriceptors) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). We compared two differentiation approaches: a direct method via forced expression of transcription factors (TFs) in hPSCs, and a 2-step process through expression of TFs in hPSC-derived neural crest cells (NCCs). The 2-step protocol proved superior in inducing a transcriptional program that closely resembles that of human pruriceptors. Our optimized protocol employs forced expression of NGN1 and ISL1 to drive differentiation from NCCs into pruriceptors, enhancing the expression of known pruritogen receptors such as IL31RA, which pairs with OSMR, and HRH1. The induction of this transcriptional program leads to functional maturation of iPruriceptors. Accordingly, iPruriceptors exhibit robust responses to itch stimuli and in vivo-like itch pharmacology such as treatment with ABT-317, a JAK1 inhibitor tool compound, similar to those targeting intensive pruritus in atopic dermatitis (AD). Importantly, iPruriceptors can be generated without viral vectors or safe-harbor gene editing, using a PiggyBac-based transfection method that simplifies scalability. Our protocol offers a robust platform for investigating itch biology, modeling chronic pruritus, and enabling high-throughput screening for therapeutic target discovery.

HighlightsO_LINGN1 and ISL1 forced expression in NCCs induces rapid differentiation to iPruriceptors
C_LIO_LIiPruriceptors share transcriptional profile of primary human pruriceptors
C_LIO_LIiPruriceptors have electrophysiological responses to known pruritogens
C_LIO_LIiPruriceptors have JAK1-dependent IL-31/-13 responses blocked by ABT-317
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Iriki, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baljinnyam, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Habich, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imanishi, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chegireddy, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malik, L. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yassky, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heul, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goedken, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reinhardt, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marro, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.11.659208</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Induction of Human Pruriceptors from Pluripotent Stem Cells via Transcription Factors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.12.658977v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Glutaminolysis Fuels Reactive Astrocytes, Exacerbating Amyloid Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.12.658977v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Amyloid-{beta} (A{beta}) plaques with progressively increasing reactive astrocytes characterize Alzheimers disease (AD). Reactive astrocytes are regulated by cellular and molecular mechanisms that are known to progress A{beta} pathology. However, the metabolic adaptation and metabolites required to fuel these molecular changes in reactive astrocytes remain unknown. Using human AD samples, in vivo amyloid mouse models, and in vitro approaches, we demonstrate that reactive astrocytes utilize glutamine to fuel anaplerosis and meet their metabolic demands, thereby progressing amyloidosis. We show that reactive astrocytes increase Na+-coupled neutral amino acid transporters for glutamine uptake that are interdependent on Na+/K+ ATPase. Furthermore, increasing brain-glutamine levels with a high-glutamine diet exacerbated reactive astrocytes, increasing A{beta} burden in an amyloid mouse model. We demonstrate that glutamine undergoes glutaminolysis via glutaminase-2/glutamate dehydrogenase-1 enzymes to be incorporated into TCA metabolites for anaplerosis. Pharmacologically or genetically blocking glutaminolysis reduces reactive astrocytes and decreases A{beta} pathology in an amyloid mouse. Our findings reveal the first glutamine-dependent metabolic adaptation of reactive astrocytes affecting A{beta} pathology, which may be harnessed for AD therapeutic strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Devi, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heese, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leray, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallardo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.12.658977</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Glutaminolysis Fuels Reactive Astrocytes, Exacerbating Amyloid Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.11.659209v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Logistic regression for estimating functional effects with spatial transcriptomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.11.659209v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spatial transcriptomics (ST) unlocks new potential for studying gene functions in cellular processes, as these functions often depend on the or-chestration of transcription across space. However, despite their growing number, analysis tools for ST remain largely aimed at data exploration, with few resources for theory-driven hypothesis testing. Whats missing is a way to test whether a factor of interest affects functionally relevant parameters of a genes spatial distribution. We present a tool to fill this gap, which we call a warped sigmoidal Poisson-process mixed-effects (WSP, pronounced "wisp") model. WSP models are the first ST tool allowing researchers to test biologically critical questions without bespoke preprocessing pipelines for identifying key spatial parameters. By aligning coordinates to an axis of interest and letting a likelihood-based regression find between-group effects on expression rates and boundaries, WSP models replace error-prone manual preprocessing with minimally biased hypothesis testing. Integration with genome databases such as GO and KEGG is straightforward, as WSP model estimates of effects take the form of log fold change values. Using MERFISH data collected from wild-type mouse pups, we demonstrate utility by using a WSP model to test the hypothesis that there are interacting effects of age and laterality on gene expression during whisker barrel development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Oviedo, H. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barkasi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, C. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neophytou, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.11.659209</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Logistic regression for estimating functional effects with spatial transcriptomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.16.657725v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Image-Based Meta- and Mega-Analysis (IBMMA): A Unified Framework for Large-Scale, Multi-Site, Neuroimaging Data Analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.16.657725v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The increasing scale and complexity of neuroimaging datasets aggregated from multiple study sites present substantial analytic challenges, as existing statistical analysis tools struggle to handle missing voxel-data, suffer from limited computational speed and inefficient memory allocation, and are restricted in the types of statistical designs they are able to model. We introduce Image-Based Meta- & Mega-Analysis (IBMMA), a novel software package implemented in R and Python that provides a unified framework for analyzing diverse neuroimaging features, efficiently handles large-scale datasets through parallel processing, offers flexible statistical modeling options, and properly manages missing voxel-data commonly encountered in multi-site studies. IBMMA produced stronger effect sizes and revealed findings in brain regions that traditional software overlooked due to missing voxel-data resulting in gaps in brain coverage. IBMMA has the potential to accelerate discoveries in neuroscience and enhance the clinical utility of neuroimaging findings.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Steele, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morey, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hussain, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suarez-Jimenez, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pozzi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jameei, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmaal, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veer, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waller, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahanshad, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomopoulos, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salminen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olff, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frijling, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veltman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koch, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nawijn, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Zuiden, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ipser, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neria, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravid, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zilcha-Mano, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazarov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huggins, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevens, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ressler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jovanovic, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Rooij, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fani, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hudson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniels, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sierk, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manthey, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walter, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Wee, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Werff, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vermeiren, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmahl, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herzog, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rektor, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>i</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.16.657725</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Image-Based Meta- and Mega-Analysis (IBMMA): A Unified Framework for Large-Scale, Multi-Site, Neuroimaging Data Analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.16.659334v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
YAP signaling promotes resistance to MEK and AKT inhibition in NF1-related MPNSTs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.16.659334v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a tumor predisposition syndrome caused by loss of function of the neurofibromin protein. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are a rare and deadly sarcoma with few therapeutic options that are the leading cause of death for patients with NF1. To date, no targeted therapies have been approved for MPNST treatment, highlighting the need for an understanding of adaptive signaling mechanisms that drive resistance. We developed a preclinical model of drug resistance using a cross-over drug holiday design and evaluated patterns of response and resistance to MEK and AKT inhibitors, two pathways that are dysregulated by loss of neurofibromin. We show that the mTOR and YAP/TEAD pathways are activated by MEK inhibitor exposure, yet blockade of these pathways in resistant MPNST PDX models does not significantly reduce tumor growth, despite strong in vitro synergy between trametinib and the novel TEAD inhibitor, GNE-7883. Using spatial transcriptomics, we uncovered phenotypic inertia as a key mechanism of drug resistance in MPNST, in addition to signaling plasticity. Further, we found that resistance is mediated by sustained ERK, YAP, and MYC driven transcriptional programs. In the future, preclinical studies should focus on addressing intratumoral heterogeneity and how it evolves over time.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McGee, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grit, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Essenburg, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agrusa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becker, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dey, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klomp, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klomp, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beddows, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfrum, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirbe, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graveel, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steensma, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.16.659334</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[YAP signaling promotes resistance to MEK and AKT inhibition in NF1-related MPNSTs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.17.660224v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cerebellum metastasis model of HER2-positive breast cancer unveils key role of IL34-induced Arg1+ macrophages. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.17.660224v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Brain metastases occur in up to 40% of Stage IV breast cancer patients. The cerebellum is a frequent location for metastases in HER2-positive breast cancer patients, but the mechanisms for this are unknown. Here, we developed a syngeneic, immunocompetent mouse model for breast cancer brain metastases by stereotactically injecting mouse HER2-overexpressing breast cancer organoids into the cerebellum. Growth of these cerebellar metastases was monitored by MRI and trastuzumab optical imaging using a near-infrared fluorophore conjugated to trastuzumab. Spatial transcriptomics identified interleukin-34 production by breast cancer cells inducing ARG1+ macrophages at the invading edge of the metastasis. Treatment with a blocking antibody to interleukin-34s receptor, CSF1R, produced tumor shrinkage. These findings have immediate translation potential as a CSF1R-blocking antibody is FDA-approved. Further, it demonstrates that cancer-associated inflammation bordering the brain metastasis promotes metastatic growth and offers a molecularly targeted strategy to treat inflammation in brain metastasis.

Graphical summary

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/660224v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@9f1a50org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@178acc5org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@196d803org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@3fe631_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cleary, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Highkin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsia, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kohn, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prior, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michie, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Swearingen, A. E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quirk, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagemann, I. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gregory, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bose, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.17.660224</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cerebellum metastasis model of HER2-positive breast cancer unveils key role of IL34-induced Arg1+ macrophages.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.18.660181v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
daf-16/FOXO promotes the activity of ligand-bound DAF-12/NHR to coordinate dauer recovery and post-dauer seam cell fate 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.18.660181v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mechanisms by which developmental pathways are modulated to accommodate periods of arrest are poorly understood. In Caenorhabditis elegans larvae that encounter adverse environments, dauer diapause can interrupt developmental progression after the second larval molt. During continuous (non-dauer) development, a heterochronic molecular timer comprised primarily of microRNAs and their targets controls the progression of stage-specific cell fates in lateral hypodermal seam cells. In unfavorable conditions, the DAF-16/FOXO transcription factor and the DAF-12 nuclear hormone receptor in its ligand-free state promote dauer formation and oppose the expression of let-7 family microRNAs, thus pausing developmental progression during dauer. Surprisingly, we found that daf-16(0) post-dauer adults showed reiterative heterochronic defects including missing or gapped adult alae, lack of seam-cell fusion, and reduced expression of the adult-specific col-19p::gfp marker. Consistent with these adult cell fate defects, let-7-family microRNA expression was reduced in daf-16(0) post-dauer larvae. Addition of the DAF-12 ligand, dafachronic acid, suppressed the reiterative phenotypes in daf-16(0) post-dauer animals. Notably, addition of dafachronic acid to daf-16 mutants rescued levels of let-7 family transcriptional reporters but did not affect levels of these reporters in daf-16(+) control strains. Dafachronic acid is synthesized from cholesterol, which is normally sequestered in the intestinal lumen until dauer exit. We found that a fluorescent cholesterol analog was not retained in daf-16 mutant larvae during dauer recovery. Timed auxin-mediated depletion of DAF-16 indicated that daf-16 is required before dauer formation, rather than after dauer, to prevent reiterative seam cell fates in post-dauer larvae and adults. Furthermore, depletion of DAF-16 from the intestine partially recapitulated defects in adult cell fate. Taken together, we propose a model whereby daf-16 acts prior to dauer formation to enable dafachronic acid synthesis by retaining cholesterol during dauer recovery. Ligand-bound DAF-12 then promotes dauer recovery and expression of let-7 family microRNAs, thereby promoting adult cell fate. Thus, daf-16 and daf-12 coordinate dauer exit with the resumption of a developmental pathway.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wirick, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, I. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alessi, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galagali, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lalk, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ranke, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karp, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.18.660181</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[daf-16/FOXO promotes the activity of ligand-bound DAF-12/NHR to coordinate dauer recovery and post-dauer seam cell fate]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.23.661126v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bidirectional regulation of glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B by β-glucocerebrosidase deficiency in GBA1 isogenic dopaminergic neurons from a patient with Gaucher disease and parkinsonism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.23.661126v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Variants in GBA1 are common genetic risk factors for several synucleinopathies. The increased risk has been attributed to the toxic effects of misfolded glucocerebrosidase (GCase) (gain-of-function), and the accumulation of lipid substrates due to reduced enzyme activity (loss-of-function). To delineate GBA1 pathogenicity, an iPSC line was generated from a patient with both type 1 Gaucher disease (GBA1: N370S/N370S; p.N409S/p.N409S) and Parkinson disease (PD). From this line, we created a reverted wild-type (WT) line and a GBA1 knockout (KO) line to eliminate misfolded GCase and intensify lipid accumulation. N370S/N370S and KO dopaminergic neurons (DANs) exhibited decreasing GCase levels and progressive accumulation of lipid substrates compared to WT DANs. Notably, the expression of GPNMB, whose levels correlate with PD risk, was upregulated by the mild lipid accumulation in N370S/N370S DANs but disrupted in KO DANs. These findings refine the loss-of-function mechanism by associating PD risk levels of GPNMB with lipid levels specific to GBA1 risk variants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sam, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lichtenberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kowal, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersh, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, Y. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hertz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henderson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jerez, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blauwendraat, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sidransky, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.23.661126</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bidirectional regulation of glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B by β-glucocerebrosidase deficiency in GBA1 isogenic dopaminergic neurons from a patient with Gaucher disease and parkinsonism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.24.661324v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TBRS-associated DNMT3A mutations disrupt cortical interneuron differentiation and neuronal networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.24.661324v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pathogenic mutations in DNMT3A cause Tatton-Brown-Rahman Syndrome (TBRS), a disorder characterized by somatic overgrowth of multiple tissues including the brain and intellectual disability (OGID). Here, we investigated TBRS etiology using new human pluripotent stem cell models, modeling varying levels of TBRS-associated loss of DNMT3A function. We identified lineage-specific overgrowth in TBRS ventral forebrain medial ganglionic eminence (MGE)-like progenitors, due in part to increased signaling through the PIK3/AKT/mTOR pathway that could be modulated to ameliorate this phenotype. By contrast, reduced DNA methylation during MGE-like progenitor differentiation into GABAergic interneurons caused premature expression of neuronal and synaptic genes, triggering precocious neuronal maturation. As a result, TBRS GABAergic neurons exhibited sufficient hyperactivity to alter the development and structure of neuronal networks, likely contributing to the intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder common to TBRS patients. Together, this work elucidates new roles for DNMT3A-mediated gene repression in human cortical development, identifying critical requirements for regulating GABAergic neuron production and neuronal network function. These findings also provide evidence for interrelated pathogenic mechanisms underlying TBRS and other OGIDs, including PIK3CA-related overgrowth syndrome and Weaver Syndrome, providing a foundation and rationale for future studies to identify common paradigms to treat these related disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chapman, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Determan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huettner, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crump, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jetter, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabel, H. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kroll, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.24.661324</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TBRS-associated DNMT3A mutations disrupt cortical interneuron differentiation and neuronal networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.24.660932v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural correlates of evidence accumulation in social-affective decision-making under perceptual ambiguity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.24.660932v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Evidence accumulation models have been successfully applied to decision-making in sensory and cognitive domains; however, it remains unclear how this process is regulated when perceptual ambiguity arises from social-affective content. Here, we integrate computational modeling with multimodal neuroscience to characterize how perceptual ambiguity in emotion judgment shapes decision dynamics. Participants viewed perceptually ambiguous stimuli - morphed images of two categories, such as happy and fearful facial expression - and made binary categorization decisions. Using drift diffusion modeling (DDM), we first demonstrate that drift rate, a key index of evidence accumulation, decreases as perceptual ambiguity increases. Scalp electroencephalography (EEG) data reveal that the magnitude of the late positive potential (LPP) tracks the speed of evidence accumulation in both emotional and non-emotional stimulus categories, but only when the ambiguous dimension is relevant to the categorization decision. Similar to LPP magnitude, single-unit recordings from the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and amygdala show that neuronal firing rates in both regions also encode drift rate during the emotion categorization task. Moreover, fMRI-based functional connectivity reveals that the strength of connectivity between the amygdala and dmPFC correlates with individual differences in drift rate. To establish the causal role of the dmPFC, we applied anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting the dmPFC in patients with schizophrenia and found that stimulation enhanced evidence accumulation speed in emotion categorization under perceptual ambiguity. These findings identify a distributed corticolimbic circuit that dynamically modulates evidence accumulation during social-affective decision-making under perceptual ambiguity. Our results bridge social-affective and perceptual neuroscience, offering a translational framework for understanding emotion recognition and decision-making impairments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunner, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willie, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.24.660932</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural correlates of evidence accumulation in social-affective decision-making under perceptual ambiguity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.26.661821v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of Small Molecule Dimethyoxyphenyl Piperazine Inhibitors of Alpha-Synuclein Fibril Growth 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.26.661821v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Identification of Small Molecule Dimethyoxyphenol Piperazine Inhibitors of Alpha-Synuclein Fibril Growth Alpha-synuclein (asyn) fibril accumulation is the defining feature of Parkinson disease and is a target for disease-modifying treatments. One therapeutic strategy to reduce fibril accumulation is inhibition of asyn fibril growth. We developed a sensitive fluorescence-based fibril growth assay to screen for small molecule inhibitors. After validating the inhibition assay using a previously identified inhibitor, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, we identified compound 1 as a lead for inhibition of fibril growth. We analysed structure-activity relationships with analogs of 1 to optimize inhibition potency. Our results identified two dimethoxyphenyl piperazine analogs with more potent inhibition of in-vitro assembled fibrils. These analogs also inhibited the growth of asyn fibrils amplified from Lewy Body Disease brain tissue, further validating the inhibitor screening assay. Molecular docking studies indicate that these compounds can bind to the fibril ends, suggesting a potential capping mechanism through which these compounds inhibit the sequential association of monomeric asyn required for fibril growth.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hwang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dhavale, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beale, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cairns, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kotzbauer, P. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.26.661821</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of Small Molecule Dimethyoxyphenyl Piperazine Inhibitors of Alpha-Synuclein Fibril Growth]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.27.662020v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A single binge ethanol exposure is apoptotic within hours across neurodevelopment and partially regulated by the Myt1l gene. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.27.662020v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ethanol rapidly produces widespread neuronal apoptosis during early development, but this susceptibility declines as the brain matures. In previous research, we found Myt1l (a proneuronal transcription factor) mutations can cause precocious differentiation, neuronal immaturity, and transcriptomic alterations, including many in apoptotic regulators. Therefore, we used a recently developed Myt1l haploinsufficient mouse model to examine this genes effects on ethanol-induced apoptosis across different developmental stages. We discovered that haploinsufficiency can moderately influence vulnerability to ethanol in a complex, age- and cell type-specific manner: apoptosis was reduced on P7, increased P21, but unaffected on P60. Remarkably, we also discovered the previously unrecognized ability of a single binge of ethanol to rapidly increase apoptosis within six hours in early adolescent and adult wild-type mice occurring in microglia and the newborn granule neurons in the hippocampus. This suggests apoptosis is an underappreciated contributor to ethanols neuropathology at older ages and, translated to human use, occurs far more frequently than previously recognized.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fuhler, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tunzi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fotedar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chase, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prakasam, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maloney, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neblock, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kroll, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noguchi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.27.662020</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A single binge ethanol exposure is apoptotic within hours across neurodevelopment and partially regulated by the Myt1l gene.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.27.661568v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 infection disrupts syncytial and endothelial integrity and alters PLGF levels in the placenta 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.27.661568v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionSARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk for several pregnancy-related disorders, particularly preeclampsia (PE). However, there are limited studies determining the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on placental physiology and function.

MethodsPlacental samples were acquired from two large prospective cohorts: STOP-COVID19 and REBRACO studies. Placental villous tissues (VTs) were collected from pregnant women who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 without PE during pregnancy. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to assess pathological features known to be altered in PE, including 1) syncytial knot formation; 2) alterations in renin-angiotensin system components; 3) and endothelial integrity. Maternal serum was collected to examine AT1 autoantibodies levels using an immunoassay.

ResultsSARS-CoV-2 viral proteins spike, nucleocapsid, and ORF3a were observed in the syncytiotrophoblast layer and stroma of placental VT. SARS-CoV-2-infected placentas exhibited increased numbers of syncytial knots, which were positive for Flt-1 and SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins. In addition, the presence of placental infarctions and excessive fibrin deposits was also observed in infected placentas. Infection was associated with decreased placental expression of PlGF and an increase in the placental Flt-1/PlGF expression ratio, mostly driven by PlGF. No significant changes in maternal serum AT1AA levels were observed. Finally, SARS-CoV-2-infected placentas exhibited a significant decrease in vimentin expression.

DiscussionSARS-CoV-2 infection negatively impacts placental integrity in the form of increased syncytial knots, dysregulated RAS components, and endothelial damage. Since all these features are similarly disrupted in PE, this could be a mechanism through which SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy increases the risk of a PE-like syndrome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jones, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nobrega, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diveley, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antolini-Tavares, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Souza, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cecatti, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costa, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mysorekar, I. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.27.661568</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2 infection disrupts syncytial and endothelial integrity and alters PLGF levels in the placenta]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.26.661733v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The gut microbiome shapes pharmacology and treatment outcomes for a key anti-inflammatory therapy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.26.661733v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human gut microbiome encodes a formidable metabolic repertoire that harvests nutrients from the diet, but these same pathways may also metabolize medications. Indeed, large screens have revealed extensive microbial metabolism of drugs in vitro, but the pharmacologic and clinical repercussions of microbiota-mediated metabolism in vivo remain to be discerned. As a proof-of-concept, we investigate how human gut microbes contribute to in vivo pharmacology and efficacy of a key anti-inflammatory drug, methotrexate (MTX). Specifically, we demonstrate that the gut microbiome shapes drug pharmacology in vivo in mice, both by directly metabolizing the drug and by inducing host pathways that promote drug metabolism. Moreover, interindividual variation in the human gut microbiome contributes to variation in pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles. When we quantified metabolites produced by microbes, we unexpectedly identified novel MTX metabolites, one of which, p-methylaminobenzoyl-L-glutamic acid (pMABG), was a major byproduct of microbial metabolism both in vitro and in vivo. Further, we find that a large proportion of patient-associated microbes are capable of metabolizing MTX. Finally, we show that microbial metabolism of MTX is linked to PK profiles and disease outcomes in a mouse model of inflammatory arthritis. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that the human gut microbiome causally contributes to drug pharmacology in vivo for a key anti-inflammatory drug through known and novel mechanisms. Our studies provide a framework for elucidating the clinical relevance of drug microbial metabolism in the context of treatment response. These results are a first step towards understanding and manipulating the human gut microbiome in the treatment of autoimmunity and the advancement of precision medicine for millions of patients taking MTX for immune or inflammatory conditions.

HighlightsO_LIThe gut microbiome impacts methotrexate (MTX) pharmacology in mice
C_LIO_LIThe human gut microbiome contributes to interindividual variation in MTX pharmacology
C_LIO_LIHuman gut microbes produce novel MTX metabolites, pMABG and 6-MPDA
C_LIO_LIMicrobial metabolism of MTX is linked to treatment outcomes
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Villa Soto, V. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Degraeve, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heath, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orellana, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reilly, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukherjee, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brockert, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dumlao, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blank, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perlmutter, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashouri, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scher, J. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patterson, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turnbaugh, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nayak, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukherjee, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.26.661733</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The gut microbiome shapes pharmacology and treatment outcomes for a key anti-inflammatory therapy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.01.662644v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
KAT6A/B inhibition synergizes with retinoic acid and enhances the efficacy of GD2-targeted immunotherapy in neuroblastoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.01.662644v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
High-risk neuroblastoma accounts for about 15% of childhood cancer deaths and arises from precursors of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. Retinoids are clinically used to inhibit growth of neuroblastoma cells through reconfiguration of the regulatory enhancer landscape. Its effects, however, are completely reversible after drug withdrawal, leading to rapid tumor cell proliferation. Here, we sought to identify epigenetic modifiers that potentiate the antiproliferative effects of retinoids in neuroblastoma. We identified PF-9363, an inhibitor of the histone H3K23 acetyltransferases KAT6A/B, as synergistically inhibiting neuroblastoma growth in combination with retinoids. PF-9363 plus retinoids induces durable growth arrest, which persists beyond retinoid withdrawal in vitro and in vivo with sustained Polycomb-mediated repression of oncogenic transcription factors MYCN, PHOX2B and GATA3. Moreover, PF-9363 plus retinoids increases GD2 expression, rendering neuroblastoma cells more sensitive to anti-GD2 immunotherapy. Overall, our studies demonstrate that KAT6A/B inhibition increases the effectiveness of retinoids and GD2-targeted immunotherapy in neuroblastoma.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Weichert-Leahey, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berezovskaya, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmerman, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarez-Caldero, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winschel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salhotra, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mabe, N. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez-Atayde, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vitorino, F. N. d. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerdemann, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stegmaier, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durbin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oldridge, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abraham, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Look, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.01.662644</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[KAT6A/B inhibition synergizes with retinoic acid and enhances the efficacy of GD2-targeted immunotherapy in neuroblastoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.29.662251v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modular, reconfigurable fiber-based neural probe (MoRF probe) with interchangeable and tunable optical waveguide, microfluidic channel, and microelectrodes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.29.662251v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuroscience is at an exciting juncture at which large-scale in vivo electrophysiology, including in humans, is intersecting symbiotically with revolutionary computational and statistical methods. Maintaining this relationship requires increasingly advanced neural probes for multimodal interrogation of neural circuitry (e.g. perturbation experiments are of value to computational modeling). Here, we developed a low cost modular and reconfigurable recording and stimulation fiber-based neural probe (MoRF) fabricated via a first step thermal drawing process (TDP) and a second step thermal tapering process (TTP). We demonstrated the device modularity and reconfigurability in several functional variations of the same device, as well as the ability to adjust the distance between different sensing elements. We validated the electrical, optical and microfluidic drug delivery performance of the MoRF probe and demonstrated its in vivo electrophysiological recording and optogenetic stimulation capabilities in awake mice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>English, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.29.662251</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modular, reconfigurable fiber-based neural probe (MoRF probe) with interchangeable and tunable optical waveguide, microfluidic channel, and microelectrodes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.02.662817v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural Synchrony in Parent-Child Dyads: Profiles Associated with Interparental Conflict and Internalizing Symptoms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.02.662817v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Interparental conflict and parental stress are well-established risk factors for child psychopathology, including elevated internalizing and externalizing symptoms. From a family systems framework, these stressors may spill over into the parent-child relationship, undermining emotional attachment and co-regulation processes central to childrens mental health. Neural synchrony, defined as the dynamic, mutual alignment of brain activity between a parent and child, offers a biological index of these dyadic processes. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy, researchers have shown that greater neural synchrony (NS) in prefrontal brain regions is associated with more attuned caregiving and positive child adjustment. Yet, NS is not uniform; it varies across dyads in pattern and regional distribution, potentially reflecting differences in relational dynamics, regulation, or stress exposure. To capture this heterogeneity, we used latent profile analysis to identify distinct synchrony patterns along the right and left ventrolateral and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices during the DB-DOS:Biosynch - a mild stress, three-context task. We further examined whether interparental conflict and perceived parental stress predicted profile membership, and whether childrens internalizing and externalizing behaviors differed by profile. Among 194 dyads, two profiles emerged: lower baseline synchrony (LB; n = 132) and higher baseline synchrony (HB; n = 62). Greater interparental conflict reduced the odds of membership in HB, while parental stress was not predictive of profile membership. Additionally, children in LB exhibited higher levels of internalizing behaviors compared to HB, with no group differences observed for externalizing behaviors. These findings underscore the value of capturing synchrony heterogeneity in understanding family stress and child psychopathology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alvarado, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panlilio, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez-Edgar, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompsom, K. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaedig, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melhem, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perlman, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.02.662817</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural Synchrony in Parent-Child Dyads: Profiles Associated with Interparental Conflict and Internalizing Symptoms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.02.662877v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Advancing Inter-brain Synchrony Measurement: A Comparative Hyperscanning Study of High-Density Diffuse Optical Tomography and Functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.02.662877v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inter-brain synchrony (IBS), measured by hyperscanning, refers to the synchronization of multiple individuals brain activities during social interactions. Traditional fNIRS-based hyperscanning suffers shortcomings like low spatial resolution and high susceptibility to superficial interference, causing imprecise estimation of IBS in complex social tasks. This study aims to fill the knowledge gap by comprehensively assessing how high-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT), an enhanced alternative to fNIRS, can benefit hyperscanning studies of complex social interactions. Sixteen dyads were engaged in both collaborative and individual tangram puzzle tasks, and their brain activities were recorded simultaneously using HD-DOT and fNIRS. We found that HD-DOT demonstrated significantly stronger IBS and identified more brain regions with significant IBS compared to fNIRS during the collaborative task. Specifically, while fNIRS detected IBS only in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and supramarginal gyrus (SMG), HD-DOT revealed additional IBS in the superior temporal gyrus (STG). Additionally, compared to the individual task, the collaborative task showed increased IBS in HD-DOT, not only in the DLPFC but also in the SMG, frontal eye fields (FEF), and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). By highlighting the superior spatial resolution and sensitivity of HD-DOT in capturing detailed and extensive neural activity during complex social interactions, our findings for the first time clarified the potential strengths of HD-DOT in measuring IBS over traditional fNIRS. These advances provide a stronger empirical foundation for investigating the neural basis of social interaction, paving the way for future research on real-world, dynamic group behaviors.

HighlightsO_LIFirst application of HD-DOT for inter-brain synchrony measurement.
C_LIO_LIFirst demonstration of HD-DOTs superiority over fNIRS in IBS measurement.
C_LIO_LIHD-DOT detects stronger IBS and more brain regions than fNIRS.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.02.662877</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Advancing Inter-brain Synchrony Measurement: A Comparative Hyperscanning Study of High-Density Diffuse Optical Tomography and Functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.02.662886v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A causal role for the posterior corpus callosum in bimanual coordination 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.02.662886v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inter-areal communication is crucial for brain function. Given the largely contralateral organization of the brain, bimanual coordination likely involves interactions across the two cerebral hemispheres for motor planning and execution. The parietal reach region (PRR) is an early node in the sensorimotor transformation stream. Here we examine the contributions of direct callosal connections between left and right PRR to bimanual coordination. Using manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, we traced callosal pathways crossing the midline and found that PRR-PRR connections are restricted to the splenium. We then temporarily blocked these fibers with lidocaine while measuring behavioral performance and interhemispheric coherence. Blockade reduced task-specific PRR-PRR coherence during bimanual movements. Behaviorally, blockade sped movement initiation across tasks, consistent with an inhibitory role of interhemispheric communication, reduced the temporal synchrony of bimanual movements to a common target and reduced errors for bimanual movements to separate targets. These findings provide causal evidence that posterior callosal communication supports spatial coordination of bimanual actions but may also constrain independent limb control.

Significance StatementClassic split-brain studies revealed that severing the corpus callosum impairs bimanual coordination, but the specific pathways and mechanisms remain unclear. In macaques, we transiently disrupted the posterior corpus callosum connecting left and right parietal reach regions (PRR), which encode planned contralateral arm movements. This targeted blockade reduced task-specific neural synchrony between PRRs and selectively impaired coordination when both arms reached to a common target, while improving performance when the arms moved to separate targets. Movement initiation was also sped up across tasks, consistent with an inhibitory role of interhemispheric communication. These findings provide causal evidence that posterior callosal communication enables spatially coordinated bimanual movements, extending foundational split-brain insights to defined cortical circuits in a non-human primate model.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kang, J. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snyder, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mooshagian, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.02.662886</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A causal role for the posterior corpus callosum in bimanual coordination]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.03.662964v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Characterizing Bacterial and Archaeal Microbiomes of Urban Long-Tailed Macaques in Singapore 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.03.662964v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Animal microbiomes are sources of ecological responsiveness in the face of environmental change, and may serve as modulators and indicators of adaptability and stress in the face of emerging ecological perturbations. Baseline characterizations of non-human primate microbiomes will be important to applied and theoretical applications of microbiome research. Long-tailed macaques (Macaca fasciularis) are among the most ubiquitous primates, they live in close association with humans, and are a common model organism in biomedical research. Here, we use 16S amplicon metabarcoding of the V4 hypervariable region to provide baseline information on taxonomic and inferred functional variation in the prokaryotic (Archaea and Eubacteria) assemblies of oral and gut microbiomes of urban long-tailed macaques in Singapore. Oral microbiomes showed the most pronounced community structure at lower taxonomic levels, particularly ASVs. Gut microbiomes, in contrast, showed the most pronounced community structure at higher taxonomic levels, particularly phyla. Gut microbiomes showed clear groupings based on relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. Gut microbiome community composition was almost entirely explained by the Proteobacteria:Firmicutes ratio and this metric explained twice as much inferred functional variation as the more traditional Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio. Archaeal communities in both oral and gut communities were dominated by methanogens. These were the only archaea found in the gut, but ammonia-oxidizing archaea were consistent constituents of oral microbiome assemblies as well. Ultimately, our findings imply distinct microbiome composition in Singapores urban macaques relative to reports from non-urban conspecifics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rivaldi, C.--L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilcox, J. J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gombash, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hollocher, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.03.662964</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Characterizing Bacterial and Archaeal Microbiomes of Urban Long-Tailed Macaques in Singapore]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.01.662626v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Towards Precision Functional Brain Network Mapping in Parkinsons Disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.01.662626v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundParkinsons disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative condition that leads to widespread disruption of large-scale brain networks and is further complicated by substantial individual variability in symptomology, progression rates, and treatment response. Consequently, the investigation of individual differences in networks measured via resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) may provide insight. However, most RSFC studies are unable to identify interindividual differences due to poor reliability and group average network definitions. "Precision" RSFC addresses these shortcomings through extended data collection, strict denoising, and individual network definition, but remains untested in PD.

ObjectivesTo evaluate the feasibility and reliability of precision RSFC studies in PD.

MethodsWe collected >100 minutes of RSFC data from 20 PD and 6 healthy controls participants. We evaluated the level of motion, reliability and stability of RSFC measures in each participant and contrasted these measures between the PD and HC groups, as well as compared to a conventional 5 minutes of RSFC data. In addition, we created individualized brain network measures in PD participants to establish feasibility in this population.

ResultsUsing precision methods, the PD group produced reliable and stable RSFC measures of brain networks of similar quality to healthy controls and substantially better than conventional methods. Individualized network maps from individuals with PD demonstrate differences from group averages and from each other, including in key motor systems.

ConclusionPrecision RSFC is feasible and reliable in individuals with PD. This approach holds promise for advancing personalized diagnostics and identifying brain-based biomarkers underlying clinical variability in PD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chernicky, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dworetsky, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grossen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carr, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eid, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gratton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.01.662626</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Towards Precision Functional Brain Network Mapping in Parkinsons Disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.06.663406v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Diet, Climatic Conditions, and Sex Affect the Mycobiome of Wild Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.06.663406v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent research on the gut mycobiome, or the fungal portion of the gut microbial community, suggests that it interacts with host physiology and impacts host health. However, fundamental questions about how the mycobiome is assembled remain unanswered. It remains unclear whether the fungi detected in the gut are predominantly residents of the gastrointestinal tract or if they are largely transient and pass through. To address this question, we sought to determine whether host factors (e.g., sex) or external environmental factors (e.g., variable climatic conditions and diet) were more strongly correlated with the gut mycobiome of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), a primate species living in the semi-arid Caatinga biome of northeastern Brazil. A stronger correlation with host factors, would suggest a more resident mycobiome, while a stronger association with external environmental factors suggests a more transient mycobiome. We collected 52 marmoset fecal samples across a 2-year period and DNA metabarcoding was used to assess both the mycobiome and diet of each sample. We used FUNGuild to assign ecological roles to the fungi, which were sorted into resident (e.g. animal pathogens) and transient (e.g. plant pathogens) groups. We found that mycobiome richness and evenness varied by host sex and correlated with the arthropod component of the diet while mycobiome composition varied between wetter and drier periods and correlated with the plant portion of the diet. The fact that external environmental factors were associated with the presence of specific taxa led us to conclude that the mycobiome is largely made up of transient taxa.

ImportanceOther than causing infectious diseases, the function of the mycobiome is poorly understood. There is evidence that the mycobiome can play a positive role, such as training the hosts immune system, and a negative role, such as causing cancer and Alzheimers disease. To fully understand these associations, basic questions about which taxa live in the host and which pass through, must be addressed. We used DNA metabarcoding and a tool that can group fungi based on their ecological roles, to determine whether the mycobiome of Caatinga marmosets was more strongly correlated with host sex or host diet and environment. We found that the marmoset mycobiome was more strongly correlated with diet and environment and most fungi passed through the host rather than lived in the hosts gut.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gombash, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garber, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finnegan, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKenney, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bicca-Marques, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De la Fuente, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abreu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Souto, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schiel, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amato, K. R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mallott, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.06.663406</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Diet, Climatic Conditions, and Sex Affect the Mycobiome of Wild Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.02.660888v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The neuroimaging correlates of depression established across six large-scale datasets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.02.660888v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuroimaging data offers noninvasive insights into the structural and functional organization of the brain and is therefore commonly used to study the neuroimaging correlates of depression. To date, a substantial body of literature has suggested reduced size of subcortical regions and abnormal functional connectivity in frontal and default mode networks linked to depression. However, recent meta analyses have failed to identify significant converging correlates of depression across the literature such that a conclusive mapping of the neuroimaging correlates of depression remains elusive. Here we leveraged 23,417 participants across six datasets to comprehensively establish the neuroimaging correlates of depression. We found reductions in gray matter volume/ cortical surface area associated with depression in the frontal cortex, anterior cingulate, and insula, confirming prior studies showing the importance of prefrontal and default mode regions in depression. Our findings demonstrate multiple surprising results, including a lack of depression correlates in subcortical brain regions, significant depression correlates in somatomotor and visual regions, and limited functional connectivity findings. Overall, these results shed new light on key brain regions involved in the pathophysiology of depression, updating our understanding of the neuroimaging correlates of depression. We anticipate that these insights will inform further research into the role of sensorimotor and visual regions in depression and into the impact of heterogeneity on functional connectivity correlates of depression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hamilton, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, X. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Easley, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmad, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jarukasemkit, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Modi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rincon, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shelton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stahl, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lenzini, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hannon, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bijsterbosch, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.02.660888</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The neuroimaging correlates of depression established across six large-scale datasets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.04.663209v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tendon fibroblast inflammatory responses depend on NF-κβ and JAK/STAT signaling and alter mechanotransduction pathways 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.04.663209v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tendon pathologies, including both chronic injuries and acute tendon tears, are some of the most common musculoskeletal injuries. Recent studies have suggested the importance of inflammation in the healing process in both acute and chronic tendon injury. However, there remain gaps in knowledge that hinder progress in the development of therapeutics to improve healing. A more complete characterization of the inflammatory response in tendon is needed, by defining the relative roles of different molecular pathways, and determining how these pathways interact with tendon mechanobiology. To investigate these questions, an in vitro model was developed, wherein the complexity of the in vivo healing environment was simulated by applying M1 macrophage conditioned media (M1-CM) to tendon fibroblasts (TFs). Characterization of the M1-CM and its effect on TFs revealed a robust inflammatory response, including upregulation of over 500 genes and increased secretion of several cytokines in TFs. The NF-{kappa}{beta} and JAK/STAT signaling pathways were necessary for the response to M1-CM, and each pathway was responsible for different downstream responses to inflammation in TFs. When considering the role of mechanical loading in tendon responses to inflammation, it was found that TF responses to loading were altered by the presence of an inflammatory stimulus. Analysis of the genes that responded differently to loading with inflammation present suggested changes in pathways involving extracellular matrix organization and G protein signaling. Mathematical modeling based upon these results revealed time-dependent suppression of mechanosensitivity, suggesting that therapeutic timing of inflammatory or anti-inflammatory interventions could restore or attenuate mechanical responsiveness to modulate rehabilitation outcomes. Results reveal that inflammation disrupts mechanosensitivity in tendon healing, and suggest potential pathways for therapeutic intervention.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sup, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genin, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomopoulos, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.04.663209</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tendon fibroblast inflammatory responses depend on NF-κβ and JAK/STAT signaling and alter mechanotransduction pathways]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.04.663211v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Musculoskeletal architecture of the shoulder: A comparative anatomy study in bats and mice informing human rotator cuff function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.04.663211v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Overhead motion in humans often leads to shoulder injuries, a consequence of the evolutionary trade-off in glenohumeral joint anatomy that balances stability with mobility. Bats consistently engage in overhead motion during flight, subjecting their shoulders to substantial loading throughout their relatively long lifespan. Remarkably, despite the demands placed on a bats shoulder, instability and rotator cuff tears, which could be fatal to bats in short order, are not observed in nature. We were thus inspired to study functional adaptations in the shoulders of bats that enable this overhead motion. Comparative anatomical studies of the shoulders of bats and mice, similarly-sized quadrupeds, were performed and interpreted using a mathematical model. Scapular anatomy indicated a more prominent role for the infraspinatus muscle in the bat compared to the mouse. Measurements of bat and mice shoulders revealed that the bat glenoid had a larger curvature and arc length than that of mice, providing a larger articulating surface area with and deeper enclosing surface of the humeral head. Modeling results predicted that the bat shoulder is stable over a dramatically larger range of angles compared to the mouse shoulder. These results suggested that adaptations to constraints imposed by the bony anatomy and rotator cuff tendons of the shoulder may contribute to the ability of bats to sustain overhead motion in a high stress, repeated loading environment without injury. Results suggest that bats have evolved unique adaptations in their glenohumeral bony anatomy that reduce stress on the supraspinatus, enhance joint stability, and optimize strength across a broad range of motion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kurtaliaj, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kunes, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rowley, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forrester, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swartz, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levine, W. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genin, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomopoulos, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.04.663211</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Musculoskeletal architecture of the shoulder: A comparative anatomy study in bats and mice informing human rotator cuff function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.04.663237v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multimodal induction of fulminant HLH by IL-18 includes virus-specific NK immunodeficiency 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.04.663237v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS) is a cytokine storm syndrome associated with Stills Disease, XIAP deficiency, and elevation of both total and free IL-18. Modeling excess IL-18 using Il18tg mice, we found mild NK-cytopenia and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activation in resting mice reminiscent of Stills patients. Infection with Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV) triggered MAS via and IFN{gamma}, despite normal viral clearance. Il18tg NK cell transcriptomes showed replicative activity, but few changes in canonical NK function or maturation pathways. LCMV clearance is NK-independent, so we challenged Il18tg mice with mousepox in which NK cells are critical early orchestrators of clearance. Il18tg mices NK cells failed to activate or expand, but mousepox further activated their CTL and early viral control was normal. Il18tg mice soon developed "MAS" including hepatosplenic necrosis, but (contrasting with LCMV) they showed poor virus-specific CTL expansion and viral clearance. Though more normal at rest, Il18bpKO mices NK cells were similarly inert upon mousepox infection, and the mice succumbed to viremic MAS like Il18tg. Rescue of Il18tg mice, and mousepox-specific CTL responses, by NK cell transfer required in vitro NK pre-activation. Thus, IL-18 can induce both hyperinflammation (CTL hyperactivation) and immunodeficiency (NK cell hypoactivation) depending on the nature of the infectious trigger.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Varghese, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landy, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frank-Kamenetskii, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klinghoffer, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morrissette, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dang, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carro, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eisenlohr, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Canna, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.04.663237</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multimodal induction of fulminant HLH by IL-18 includes virus-specific NK immunodeficiency]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.04.663250v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GAME: Genomic API for Model Evaluation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.04.663250v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The rapid expansion of genomics datasets and the application of machine learning has produced sequence-to-activity genomics models with ever-expanding capabilities. However, benchmarking these models on practical applications has been challenging because individual projects evaluate their models in ad hoc ways, and there is substantial heterogeneity of both model architectures and benchmarking tasks. To address this challenge, we have created GAME, a system for large-scale, community-led standardized model benchmarking on user-defined evaluation tasks. We borrow concepts from the Application Programming Interface (API) paradigm to allow for seamless communication between pre-trained models and benchmarking tasks, ensuring consistent evaluation protocols. Because all models and benchmarks are inherently compatible in this framework, the continual addition of new models and new benchmarks is easy. We also developed a Matcher module powered by a large language model (LLM) to automate ambiguous task alignment between benchmarks and models. Containerization of these modules enhances reproducibility and facilitates the deployment of models and benchmarks across computing platforms. By focusing on predicting underlying biochemical phenomena (e.g. gene expression, open chromatin, DNA binding), we ensure that tasks remain technology-independent. We provide examples of benchmarks and models implementing this framework, and anticipate that the community will contribute their own, leading to an ever-expanding and evolving set of models and evaluation tasks. This resource will accelerate genomics research by illuminating the best models for a given task, motivating novel functional genomic benchmarks, and providing a more nuanced understanding of model abilities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Luthra, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Priyadarshi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahieu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kempynck, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dooley, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penzar, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vorontsov, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klie, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drusinsky, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Floren, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armand, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alasoo, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seelig, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tewhey, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agarwal, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gosai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinello, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeitlinger, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pollard, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Libbrecht, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mostafavi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kulakovskiy, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsiao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aerts, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Boer, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.04.663250</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GAME: Genomic API for Model Evaluation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.06.663368v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HER2; p53 Co-mutated Cancers Show Increased Histone Acetylation and are Sensitive to Neratinib plus Trastuzumab Deruxtecan. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.06.663368v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In metastatic breast cancer, HER2-activating mutations often co-occur with TP53 mutations, a combination linked to poor response to neratinib and worse prognosis. To model this clinical challenge, we bred HER2 V777L transgenic mice with two TP53 mutant alleles: TP53 R172H (the murine homolog of human TP53 R175H) and TP53fl/fl, which mimics p53 truncations common in human tumors. TP53 mutations accelerated tumor development and reduced survival in HER2-mutant mice. These co-mutant tumors were resistant to neratinib but remained sensitive to exatecan, the topoisomerase I (TOP1) inhibitor payload in trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd). Mechanistically, TP53 mutant tumors exhibited upregulation of histone acetylation, hypertranscription of DNA repair factors, increased chromatin accessibility, and rendered cells more susceptible to TOP1 inhibitors via G2/M arrest and apoptosis. This vulnerability is dependent on transcriptional activity of TP53 mutations, highlighting a novel strategy to treat HER2;TP53 co-mutant breast cancers using TOP1-targeted therapies.

Statement of SignificanceTP53 mutations sensitize HER2-mutant cancers to TOP1 inhibitors via chromatin accessibility and hyper-transcription, supporting combination therapy with neratinib and T-DXd in TP53/HER2 co-mutant breast cancers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsia, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iraheta, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gongora, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Highkin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prior, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagemann, I. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, C. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bose, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.06.663368</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HER2; p53 Co-mutated Cancers Show Increased Histone Acetylation and are Sensitive to Neratinib plus Trastuzumab Deruxtecan.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.06.663396v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Maternal high-fat/high-sugar diet has short-term dental effects and long-term sex-specific skeletal effects on adult offspring mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.06.663396v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundMaternal nutrition is increasingly recognized as a modulator of offspring skeletal development. While genetics has long been considered the primary determinant of craniofacial morphology, emerging evidence suggests that prenatal and early postnatal dietary exposures also influence facial morphology. However, how maternal diet differentially affects male and female craniofacial structures remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the effects of a maternal high-fat, high-sugar (HFHS) diet on craniofacial and dental morphology in first-(F1) and second-(F2) generation adult mice.

Materials and MethodsFemale mice were fed a HFHS diet for six weeks before mating and throughout pregnancy and lactation. F1 offspring were weaned to a standard chow diet, and a subset of female F1 offspring were bred to produce F2 offspring, also maintained on chow. Craniofacial skeletal and dental structures of adult F1 and F2 mice at 1-year of age were assessed using micro-computed tomography for linear and geometric morphometrics.

ResultsHFHS diet exposure significantly reduced midfacial and mandibular length in F1 females, and these effects persisted in F2 females. Mandibular shape differences were also observed in both generations of females. In males, skull size remained unchanged, though subtle mandibular shape changes were noted in F1 only. Tooth size was reduced in both sexes of F1 offspring but not in F2.

ConclusionMaternal HFHS diet induces sex- and jaw-specific alterations in craniofacial morphology, with skeletal changes persisting in females across generations, while dental effects did not persist beyond one generation. These findings highlight the potential for maternal dietary habits to exert lasting, intergenerational influences on offspring facial form.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hassan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koester, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harasymowicz, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oestreich, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moley, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guilak, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheller, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.06.663396</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Maternal high-fat/high-sugar diet has short-term dental effects and long-term sex-specific skeletal effects on adult offspring mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.07.663487v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiple event segmentation mechanisms in the human brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.07.663487v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human brain segments continuous experience into discrete events, with theoretical accounts proposing two distinct mechanisms: creating boundaries at points of high prediction error (mismatch between expected and observed information) or high prediction uncertainty (reduced precision in predictions). Using fMRI and computational modeling, we investigated the neural correlates of error-driven and uncertainty-driven boundaries. We developed computational models that generate boundaries based on prediction error or prediction uncertainty, and examined how both types of boundaries, and human-identified boundaries, related to fMRI pattern shifts and evoked responses. Multivariate analysis revealed a specific temporal sequence of neural pattern changes around human boundaries: early pattern shifts in anterior temporal regions (-11.9s), followed by shifts in parietal areas (-4.5s), and subsequent whole-brain pattern stabilization (+11.8s). The core of this dynamic response was associated with both error-driven and uncertainty-driven boundaries. Critically, both error- and uncertainty-driven boundaries were associated with unique pattern shifts. Error-driven boundaries were associated with early pattern shifts in ventrolateral prefrontal areas, followed by pattern stabilization in prefrontal and temporal areas. Uncertainty-driven boundaries were linked to shifts in parietal regions within the dorsal attention network, with minimal subsequent stabilization. In addition, within the core regions responsive to both types of boundaries, the timing differed significantly. These findings provide evidence for two overlapping brain networks that maintain and update representations of the environment, controlled by two distinct prediction quality signals: prediction error and prediction uncertainty.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Etzel, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bezdek, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zacks, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.07.663487</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiple event segmentation mechanisms in the human brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.07.663502v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rapid thermoforming of polycarbonate cell culture accessories from 3D printed molds 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.07.663502v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bespoke cell culture devices are essential for tissue engineering applications. Traditional manufacturing methods for cell culture accessories involve injection molding and machining, which are too costly and time-consuming to implement for producing custom designs in small batches, and/or while testing the usefulness of a new design before mass producing it. Materials typically used for rapid design iteration, like poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) elastomers, surmount this issue but present new challenges of affinity for hydrophobic small molecules and sub-optimal interactions with sensitive cell types.

Here, we propose polycarbonate (PC) thermoforming as a solution for creating customized transparent and autoclavable accessories. We demonstrate that optimized preheating of PC overcomes issues with bubbling during thermoforming. The use of high heat deflection temperature (HDT) resins allows these PC devices to be thermoformed off molds created by Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3D prints, enabling rapid prototyping of the PC. Using this approach, we fabricated custom PC well plate inserts. These inserts combine many advantages of tissue culture polystyrene (negligible absorption of hydrophobic molecules, transparency, rigidity) and elastomers (ease of creating bespoke devices, ability to be sterilized by autoclaving) and are compatible with a variety of cell biology applications, including human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) culture. PC inserts also supported iPSC differentiation into cardiomyocytes (iPS-CM) and micro-patterning of iPS-CM into cardiospheres. This low cost, customizable approach holds promise for a variety of bioengineering applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Malayath, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huebsch, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.07.663502</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rapid thermoforming of polycarbonate cell culture accessories from 3D printed molds]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.07.663543v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Precision Functional Mapping of the Individual Human Brain Near Birth 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.07.663543v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cortical areas are a fundamental organizational property of the brain, but their development in humans is not well understood. Key unanswered questions include whether cortical areas are fully established near birth, the extent of individual variation in the arrangement of cortical areas, and whether any such individual variation in cortical area location is greater in later-developing association areas as compared to earlier-developing sensorimotor areas. To address these questions, we used functional MRI to collect precision functional mapping (PFM) data in eight individual neonates (mean 42.7 weeks postmenstrual age) over 2-5 days (mean 77.9 minutes of low motion data per subject [framewise displacement <0.1]). Each subjects dataset was split into two roughly equal halves of data from different days of data collection to measure within-subject reliability and across-subject similarity. Whole-brain patterns of functional connectivity (FC) reached a mean within-subject, across-day reliability of r=0.78 with 41.9 minutes of data. Across subject similarity of whole-brain FC was r=0.62 on average and significantly lower than within-subject similarity (t=5.9, p<0.001). Using established methods to identify transitions in FC across the cortical surface, we identified sets of cortical areas for each individual that were subject-specific and highly reliable across split-halves (mean z=4.4, SD=1.4). The arrangement of cortical areas was thus individually specific across the entire cortical surface, and this individual specificity did not vary as a function of the sensorimotor-association axis. This study establishes the feasibility of neonatal PFM and suggests that cortical area arrangement is individually specific and largely established shortly following birth.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=80 SRC="FIGDIR/small/663543v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (31K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@b6c63aorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1903235org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1d05733org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@10d0770_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG HIGHLIGHTSO_LIIt is feasible to obtain precision functional mapping (PFM) in neonates, acquiring 60+ minutes of fMRI data in individual neonates over multiple days.
C_LIO_LINeonatal functional connectivity (FC) measures obtained through PFM are moderately reliable with 40 minutes of data.
C_LIO_LIPatterns of neonatal FC across the brain are individually specific.
C_LIO_LICortical areas, based on patterns of homogenous FC, can be reliably identified across the entire cortical surface in individual neonates.
C_LIO_LIThe arrangement of cortical areas at birth is individually specific across the entire brain.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Labonte, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moser, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camacho, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wheelock, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laumann, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fair, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sylvester, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.07.663543</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Precision Functional Mapping of the Individual Human Brain Near Birth]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.07.663545v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A LARGE-SCALE EVOLUTIONARY AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF CLC CHANNELS AND TRANSPORTERS 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.07.663545v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The CLC family of membrane transport proteins consists of chloride channels and anion/proton antiporters that share a similar structural scaffold. How the same fold accommodates two fundamentally distinct mechanisms is poorly understood, and while the current set of experimental structures provide some information, the changes appear limited. In this study, we show that it is possible to scale up the structural information available using AlphaFold2 predictions and identify additional structural differences associated with each mechanistic class. A phylogenetic analysis is carried out across all known CLC genes to expand the classification to include 569 channel and 1,051 transporter homologs that have been modeled. Using distance matrices, we validate AlphaFold2s ability to detect subtle structural differences among experimentally determined CLCs and use a random forest classifier to predict CLC channel vs. transporter sub-types to learn the structural changes that are the most important in the decision. The structural changes identified overlap with and contextualize the changes observed in experimental structures, expanding structural information across sequence space. The highest ranked change includes a contraction of distances between dimerization interface helices H, I, P & Q relative to the subunit core in the channel sub-types. This study lays out an approach for quantitative, large-scale structural analyses beyond experimental data and paves the way towards structural studies expanding on different conformational states and other protein families.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mishra, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz Vazquez, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robertson, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.07.663545</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A LARGE-SCALE EVOLUTIONARY AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF CLC CHANNELS AND TRANSPORTERS]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.08.663637v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Substituent-based Modulation of Self-Assembly and Immunogenicity of Amphipathic Peptides 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.08.663637v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Peptide-based biomaterials assembled through monomer-by-monomer self-assembly provide versatile platforms for biomedical applications due to their adjustable physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and dynamic nature. The self-assembly process largely depends on primary sequence features, such as hydrophobicity, length, and charge, which influence the formation of various nanostructures, including fibrils and hydrogels. Amphipathic peptides, characterized by alternating polar and hydrophobic residues, are especially effective in forming supramolecular nanofibers stabilized by {pi}-{pi} interactions and hydrogen bonds. Chemical modifications, particularly on aromatic side chains, have proven to be a promising approach for controlling assembly morphology, stability, and biological activity. In organic chemistry, the use of chemical substituents, such as halogens, alkyl groups, or electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups, has been widely employed to alter reactivity, stability, and molecular interactions for diverse applications, including catalysts, pharmaceuticals, and materials science. However, the influence of these substituents on peptide packing and in vivo immunogenicity remains relatively unexplored. In this study, we systematically examine how changes in the position and nature of substituents on benzyl groups attached to short amphipathic peptides affect self-assembly, fibril morphology, and immune responses. By introducing different electron-donating and withdrawing groups at the para-position of benzyl rings and modifying the chain length connecting the backbone to the aromatic moiety, we observe notable effects on fibril formation, molecular packing, and immunogenicity both in vitro and in vivo. Our results show that subtle chemical modifications are effective tools for designing tailored peptide nanomaterials with promising potential in vaccine delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Das, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pramanik, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fascetti, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stealey, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zustiak, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berkland, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackrel, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rudra, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.08.663637</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Substituent-based Modulation of Self-Assembly and Immunogenicity of Amphipathic Peptides]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.08.663709v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tim-3 Promotes Early Differentiation of Tbet+ Effector T Cells During Acute Viral Infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.08.663709v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The transmembrane protein Tim-3 has received significant attention in recent years as a possible immunotherapy target. This is due to its robust expression on dysfunctional, exhausted, T cells found in the settings of cancer and chronic infection and biochemical evidence suggesting an inhibitory function of Tim-3. However, numerous clinical trials of putative Tim-3 blocking antibodies have yielded modest benefits, at best, in clinical trials for various cancers. Thus, there is a need to more fully understand the function of Tim-3 in vivo. Here we have studied the function of Tim-3 early during a T cell response to LCMV Armstrong, which causes an acute viral infection in mice. We show that Tim-3 is rapidly expressed after infection and that the expression of Tim-3 is associated with acquisition of a type I effector phenotype, including expression of T-bet and downregulation of Tcf-1, by both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In addition, we demonstrate that knockout or cytoplasmic truncation of Tim-3 attenuates the acquisition of the effector program by T cells after LCMV Armstrong infection. Together, these data help to clarify the role of Tim-3 during acute infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Manandhar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landy, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mori, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kane, L. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.08.663709</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tim-3 Promotes Early Differentiation of Tbet+ Effector T Cells During Acute Viral Infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.09.659702v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-omic mapping of Drosophila protein secretomes reveals tissue-specific origins and inter-organ trafficking 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.09.659702v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Secreted proteins regulate many aspects of animal biology and are attractive targets for biomarkers and therapeutics. However, comprehensively identifying the "secretome", along with their tissues of origin, remains extremely challenging. To address this, we employed multiple  omics methods to define a tissue-secretome map of 535 blood plasma proteins derived from specific cell-types and organs in Drosophila melanogaster. This map was enabled by methodological improvements including a collection of transgenic flies to label endogenous secreted proteins in 10 major tissue types, large-scale blood isolation, whole animal snRNA-seq, and a collection of 40 knock-in strains. Using this map, we discover surprising findings about circulating proteins: most originate from specific tissues including unusual sources (e.g. glia), many are uncharacterized, and some are shed ectodomains of transmembrane proteins. In addition, in vivo experiments revealed circulating proteins with remarkably tissue-specific expression, as well as proteins that are deposited in a different tissue from where they are synthesized, suggesting potential inter-organ functions. Our secretome map will serve as a resource to investigate blood protein function, discover novel tissue-tissue communication signals, and mine for homologues of human biomarkers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bosch, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beltran, P. M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cavers, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LaGraff, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melanson, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tattikota, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hashmi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asara, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Branon, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ting, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carr, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perrimon, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.09.659702</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-omic mapping of Drosophila protein secretomes reveals tissue-specific origins and inter-organ trafficking]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.08.663708v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of novel protective loci for executive function using the trail making test part B in the Long Life Family Study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.08.663708v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Trail Making Test (TMT) Part B (TMT-B), a well-established assessment of cognitive function, is a frequent component of diagnostic assessments for Mild Cognitive Impairment and dementia in older adults. Identifying the genetic variants associated with the TMT-B will not only gain insights of genetic determinants of cognitive function, but also the molecular mechanisms for dementia. Published GWAS to date for TMT-B suffer from relatively low power due to the use of population level data and imputation methods. To address these deficits, we used a family-based study design to identify the genetic variants associated with the TMT-B incorporating both genome-wide linkage analysis (GWLS) and whole genome sequencing (WGS). As such, we examined the sequenced genetic determinants of TMT-B using GWLS in over 2000 participants from Long Life Family Study (LLFS). In GWLS, the estimated heritability of TMT-B was 0.29. We detected one significant linkage peak at 15q25 (LOD>3.0). Statistical fine-mapping nominated five variants including three SNPs (NTRK3-rs74031103, protective CEMIP-rs2271159, and protective AGBL1-rs4134376) and two INDELs (protective KLHL25-15:85882445:IND, and protective CEMIP-15:80893381:IND) contributing to the linkage peak. Four out of these five variants are protective for TMT-B. The rs2271159 SNP influences CEMIP expression in cerebellum and hippocampus, while the 15:80893381:IND modulates CEMIP expression in blood. Additionally, the variant rs4134376 is a basal ganglia-specific eQTL for AGBL1. In conclusion, we utilized GWLS, leveraged multi-omics data (whole genome sequence genomic data, transcriptomic data, and lipidomic data), and identified novel protective variants and genes for TMT-B performance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanner, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersen, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cosentino, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moghaddam, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daw, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anema, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acharya, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Province, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wojczynski, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.08.663708</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of novel protective loci for executive function using the trail making test part B in the Long Life Family Study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.09.663876v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Loss of FMRP in microglia promotes degeneration of parvalbumin neurons and audiogenic seizures via progranulin insufficiency 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.09.663876v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) results from loss of FMR1-encoded FMRP and is associated with reduced density of parvalbumin (PV) neurons; however, the mechanism underlying this abnormality remains unknown. Here we report that microglial FMRP regulates PV neuron density through lysosomal function. Mice with Fmr1 deletion in microglia exhibited audiogenic seizures (AGS) and decreased PV neuron density in the cortex and AGS-associated inferior colliculus (IC). FMRP increased the expression of lysosomal genes in microglia, including the progranulin-encoding Grn gene. Its loss in microglia led to impaired lysosomal function and increased apoptosis in microglia and PV neurons. Furthermore, PV neuron density in the IC was reduced similarly in male Grn+/-, Fmr1-/y, and Grn+/-;Fmr1-/y mice, and AAV8-mediated overexpression of progranulin rescued AGS and PV neuron loss in Fmr1-/y mice. This indicates that progranulin insufficiency is a determinant for PV neuron loss in FXS and elevating progranulin is a therapeutic strategy for FXS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, J. J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.09.663876</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Loss of FMRP in microglia promotes degeneration of parvalbumin neurons and audiogenic seizures via progranulin insufficiency]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.11.664236v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Immune cells regulate circulating adipocyte extracellular vesicle levels in response to metabolic shifts 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.11.664236v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are now recognized as potent mediators of intercellular and inter-organ signaling and implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity and its associated comorbidities such as diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegeneration. Despite a surge of new functional information about EVs, we still lack a basic understanding of how endogenous EV levels are controlled to regulate inter-organ signaling. New flow cytometry technology has allowed us to study the regulation of circulating, endogenous EVs from metabolically relevant cell types like adipocytes. From this, we provide evidence for a paradigm of EV regulation where tissue resident immune cells, predominantly macrophages, clear EVs released by local tissue cells or EVs entering the tissue from circulation, an activity that determines circulating EV levels. In obesity, EV uptake by adipose tissue immune cells is reduced, concomitant with increased circulating adipocyte-specific EVs (adipoEVs) and reduced EV clearance rates. AdipoEVs are significantly elevated in mouse circulation from one day to 20 weeks of high-fat feeding. In humans we found that adipocyte EV levels negatively correlate with whole-body and liver insulin sensitivity and are not associated with adipose mass. This work suggests that tissue resident immune cells act as a gatekeeper for tissue EV entry into circulation and are thereby a major regulator of inter-organ EV signaling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tiash, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pai, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Field, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pietka, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abumrad, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, G. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brestoff, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crewe, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.11.664236</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Immune cells regulate circulating adipocyte extracellular vesicle levels in response to metabolic shifts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.11.664380v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Juxtaposition of human pluripotent stem cells with amnion-like cells is sufficient to trigger primitive streak formation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.11.664380v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Studies in the mouse have established that communication between the trophectoderm and the epiblast is crucial for initiating gastrulation. In the primate embryo, the amnion rather than the trophectoderm is directly juxtaposed to the epiblast and may play this role. To model the interactions between the amnion and epiblast, we differentiated human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to amnion-like cells (AMLCs) and juxtaposed them in a controlled manner with undifferentiated hPSCs, which represent the epiblast. We found that juxtaposition between these cell types is sufficient to initiate a range of cell behaviors associated with gastrulation including organized differentiation to primitive streak and downstream mesendodermal cell fates and directed cell migration out of the primitive streak region. Performing knockout experiments specifically in either the epiblast or amnion compartment revealed intricate crosstalk that is required to properly initiate gastrulation. In particularly, using knockouts of NODAL we show that Nodal signaling in both the amnion and epiblast is required for gastrulation patterning. Finally, we show that inductive ability is a transient property acquired during amnion differentiation, and that cells that differentiate from this inductive state acquire an extraembryonic mesenchyme identity. This study establishes a system to study epiblast-amnion communication and shows that this communication is sufficient to initiate gastrulation in the epiblast.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nemashkalo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guerra, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ortiz-Salazar, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camacho-Aguilar, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warmflash, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.11.664380</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Juxtaposition of human pluripotent stem cells with amnion-like cells is sufficient to trigger primitive streak formation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.12.664095v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A comparison of adiponectin-deficient mice reveals the fundamental role of intracellular adiponectin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.12.664095v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adiponectin is an important adipokine with insulin-sensitizing, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic properties. The physiological roles of adiponectin have been studied using global adiponectin knockout (KO) mice. However, the reported phenotypes of adiponectin KO mice vary based on the mouse lines generated by different strategies and investigators.

We performed a head-to-head comparison of the adiponectin KO mice that were generated in Dallas, Houston and Osaka. RNAseq revealed that the expression of the bioactive domain of adiponectin - the globular domain - was preserved in the Houston and Osaka KO mice. A complete adiponectin KO model, such as the Dallas KO mouse, exhibits a lower body weight, the highest adipocyte mitochondrial function and displays a susceptibility to DNA damage-mediated lung fibrosis. The reconstitution of globular adiponectin into the Dallas KO mice prompted an increase in body weight and a partial recapitulation of the Osaka KO model transcriptome signature. The intracellular globular adiponectin form is important, as we found that globular adiponectin enhances PPAR{gamma} activity by modulating the coregulators interacting with PPAR{gamma}.

Overall, the residual expression of globular adiponectin regulates adipose tissue metabolism by altering PPAR{gamma} activity, highlighting an important novel role of intracellular adiponectin.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Onodera, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Virostek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kipp, Z. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bates, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crewe, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kusminski, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordillo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hinds, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shimomura, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scherer, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.12.664095</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A comparison of adiponectin-deficient mice reveals the fundamental role of intracellular adiponectin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.11.664335v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tissue transcriptomics of endomyocardial biopsies reveals widespread molecular perturbations independent of leukocyte-rich foci in human myocarditis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.11.664335v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundMyocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium, classically defined and graded by histologic criteria that emphasize immune infiltrates and focal cardiomyocyte injury. The broader transcriptional landscape and intercellular signaling networks underlying human myocarditis, particularly among non-immune cells, remain poorly understood.

MethodsWe performed integrated spatial transcriptomic profiling of 38 endomyocardial biopsy (EMBx) specimens using two complementary platforms: 10X Visium FFPE and GeoMx Digital Spatial Profiling (DSP). The cohort included cases of histologically confirmed myocarditis, borderline myocarditis, and controls. For 10X Visium, data was refined by excluding leukocyte-enriched spots and enriching for cardiomyocyte-specific regions based on canonical marker expression. For GeoMx, immunohistochemistry-guided segmentation enabled targeted transcriptomic analysis of disparate cardiac cellular compartments. Differential gene expression was analyzed independently for each platform and subsequently integrated. These results were further leveraged to infer molecular interaction networks and ligand-receptor relationships in myocarditis relative to controls.

ResultsBoth platforms revealed widespread gene expression changes consistent with immune activation in myocarditis and borderline myocarditis, particularly within cardiomyocyte-enriched regions. These included upregulation of HLA-A, HLA-DQA1, B2M, and CD74 in myocarditis, consistent with activation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II related pathways. Molecular interaction analysis identified STAT1 and ISG15 as likely central immune signaling nodes. Ligand-receptor inference highlighted HLA-A, HLA-E, and HLA-DQA1 as key receptor hubs interacting with immune ligands such as IFNG, CD8A, and several members of the (NK) killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) family.

ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that human myocarditis is characterized by widespread transcriptional dysregulation beyond immune cell foci, including upregulation of genes typically associated with professional antigen-presenting cells in cardiomyocytes. These insights extend our current understanding of myocarditis pathophysiology and suggest new opportunities for its diagnosis and therapeutic targeting.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cohen, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bermea, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rousseau, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ebenebe, O. V. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casella, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palescandolo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavine, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shenderov, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halushka, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adamo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.11.664335</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tissue transcriptomics of endomyocardial biopsies reveals widespread molecular perturbations independent of leukocyte-rich foci in human myocarditis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.11.664388v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inflammaging in aged tissues drives remodeling of the CD8+ T cell compartment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.11.664388v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aging profoundly reshapes the immune cell landscape, with particularly strong effects on CD8+ T cells, including a marked decline in naive cells and the emergence of age-associated GZMK+ CD8+ T cells (TAA cells). Although TAA cells make up a significant fraction of the aged CD8+ T cell compartment, the pathway underlying their development remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that TAA cell development is cell-extrinsic and requires antigen exposure within aged non-lymphoid tissues. Using a novel TNF{Delta}69AU/+ mouse model, we show that systemic low-grade inflammation, characteristic of inflammaging, accelerates CD8+ T cell aging and promotes early accumulation of TAA cells. Through detailed analysis of TAA cell heterogeneity, we identified a progenitor subpopulation enriched in the aged adipose tissue. Using heterochronic transplantation, we show that adipose tissue acts as a functional niche, supporting progenitor maintenance and driving the conversion of young CD8+ T cells into the aged phenotype. Taken together, our findings reveal how aging of non-lymphoid tissues orchestrates the reorganization of the CD8+ T cell compartment and highlight adipose tissue as a promising target for therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating immune aging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shchukina, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez-Hernandez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruiz, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleverov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mintz, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mineura, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunawardana, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsiung, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vachova, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kossl, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vander Wielen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mogilenko, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huckstep, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piston, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egawa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kreisel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Randolph, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Artyomov, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.11.664388</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inflammaging in aged tissues drives remodeling of the CD8+ T cell compartment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.11.664420v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cortical neural landscape captures mouse-to-mouse variability in anticipatory vs. inattentive decision making 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.11.664420v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding individual variability in behavior is crucial for both basic and clinical neuroscience, yet it remains challenging to study in traditional single laboratory experiments with small sample size. Leveraging standardized behavioral and neural datasets from the International Brain Laboratory, comprising approximately 100 mice trained on a visual decision-making task, we investigated the structure and neural correlates of inter-animal behavioral variability. Using reaction time analysis and a deep learning-based embedding of individual animals, we uncovered large but low-dimensional differences in behavioral traits. Some mice consistently exhibited anticipatory responses, marked by fast reaction times, while others showed slower, more disengaged behavior. These behavioral profiles were consistent across sessions, with female mice tending to show more anticipatory behavior than males. We hypothesized that this behavioral spectrum reflects differences in the depth of underlying cortical states, reflected in the temporal dynamics of neural activity. Supporting this idea, we found that the characteristic timescale of population activity, measured during both inter-trial intervals and passive periods, correlated with an animals anticipatory tendency across cortical areas, especially in medial visual areas. These findings suggest that individual differences in the cortical dynamics may underlie distinct decision-making strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hiratani, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.11.664420</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cortical neural landscape captures mouse-to-mouse variability in anticipatory vs. inattentive decision making]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.17.663733v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Airway Epithelial SARS-CoV-2 Infectious and Repair Responses: Relationships to Age, Sex, and Post-COVID Pulmonary Syndromes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.17.663733v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The long-term pulmonary sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infections reflect infection severity, innate and adaptive immunity, and respiratory epithelial repair. This study investigated the acute and reparative responses as a function of age and sex in primary human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cultures utilizing a 14-day SARS-CoV-2 infection protocol. SARS-CoV-2 infection peaked at 3 days post-infection (dpi) with an [~] 2 log titer suppression at 14 dpi. SARS-CoV-2 infection induced interferon, interferon-induced gene, and cell damage responses. No age- or sex-dependent effects on SARS-CoV-2 infection were detected. Airway epithelia repaired to an abnormal mucus metaplastic/inflammatory state that reflected potentially beneficial and adverse consequences at 14 dpi. Repair processes were infection severity-dependent, not sex-dependent, and were more robust in young donor cultures. Analyses of long-COVID subjects with persistent pulmonary fibrosis or persistent bronchitic airway diseases exhibited expression of HBE 14 dpi failed repair gene signatures, including ISG gene signatures. Human airway epithelial repair post-SARS-CoV-2 is prolonged and incomplete in vitro over 14 days, and persistently abnormal repair may contribute to phenotypes of people with long-COVID pulmonary syndrome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kato, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reidel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meganck, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esther, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ehre, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fulcher, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bailey, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooley, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mikami, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asakura, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawkins, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saito, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyers, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Konopka, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerayeli, F. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, H. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sin, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Livraghi-Butrico, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okuda, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pickles, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Randell, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Neal, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baric, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boucher, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.17.663733</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Airway Epithelial SARS-CoV-2 Infectious and Repair Responses: Relationships to Age, Sex, and Post-COVID Pulmonary Syndromes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.15.664002v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial profiling reveals TREM2+ macrophages as central to Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis in human pulmonary tuberculosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.15.664002v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) exhibits marked spatial heterogeneity, with alveolar pneumonia and organized granulomas frequently coexisting within the same lung. While granulomas have long dominated conceptual models of TB pathogenesis, the immune programs operating within alveolar TB pneumonia in humans remain incompletely defined. Here, we integrate spatial transcriptomics, single-cell RNA sequencing, high-resolution imaging, and functional assays of human lung biopsies to directly compare alveolar pneumonia with adjacent granulomas from the same individuals. We demonstrate that alveolar TB pneumonia is enriched for TREM2 lipid-laden macrophages characterized by lipid metabolic reprogramming, sparse T-cell infiltration, attenuated antimicrobial gene expression, and abundant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) transcripts and antigens. In contrast, neighboring granulomas exhibit organized lymphoid architecture and robust antimicrobial programs. Mechanistically, the mycobacterial virulence lipid phthiocerol dimycocerosate (PDIM) and free mycolic acids induce TREM2 expression and activate TREM2-DAP12 signaling, promoting lipid droplet accumulation, suppressing autophagy, and enhancing intracellular Mtb survival in human macrophages. This immunometabolic state is pharmacologically reversible: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D downregulates TREM2, restores autophagy, reduces lipid droplets, and limits bacterial viability. Together, these findings define a spatially localized TREM2 foamy macrophage program within alveolar pneumonia that contrasts sharply with adjacent granulomatous immunity, establishing an niche permissive for bacillary persistence and potentially transmission, as well as identifying a tractable host pathway in human TB pathogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Teles, R. M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benabdessalem, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perrie, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>West, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Andrade Silva, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrade, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mansky, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Divakar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischbacher, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lam, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rategh, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pillai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>French, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romdhane, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbouche, M.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klechevsky, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colonna, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steyn, A. J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bensinger, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barber, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rammeh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dulai, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bryson, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pellegrini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belisle, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bloom, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Modlin, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.15.664002</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial profiling reveals TREM2+ macrophages as central to Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis in human pulmonary tuberculosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.15.664829v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Biomechanical Phenotyping Reveals Unique Mechanobiological Signatures of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.15.664829v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While both incidence and mortality of sporadic average-onset colorectal cancer (AO CRC, above 50 years of age) are in constant decline, sporadic early-onset colorectal cancer (EO CRC, under 50 years of age) is rising rapidly. Yet, the causes behind this rise remain poorly understood. Epidemiological studies indicate that lifestyle and environmental exposures may result in chronic inflammation, which is known to trigger tissue fibrosis. This study tests the hypothesis that fibrotic remodeling and biomechanical stiffening of colorectal tissues represent measurable hallmarks and potential drivers of EO CRC. Using primary human tissues, this work shows that EO CRC is associated with changes in collagen microstructure, increased stiffness and elevated viscosity of primary tumors. Spatial transcriptional profiling and immunostaining reveal pro-fibrotic signatures in stromal cells, alongside enhanced Yes-associated protein (YAP) mechanotransduction and proliferation in epithelial cells of EO CRC tissues. Mechanistically, increasing matrix stiffness in vitro promotes proliferation of epithelial cells in 2D and 3D colorectal cancer models. Together, these findings establish EO CRC as a disease marked by early and widespread biomechanical remodeling, suggesting that a fibrotic and stiffened tissue microenvironment may orchestrate EO CRC tumor initiation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huning, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buhaya, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, V. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khazi-Syed, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ali, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisher, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raman, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jamieson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roccabianca, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varner, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, E. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferruzzi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.15.664829</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Biomechanical Phenotyping Reveals Unique Mechanobiological Signatures of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.15.664976v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Whole blood transcriptional signatures of age and survival identified in Long Life Family and Integrative Longevity Omics Studies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.15.664976v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although aging is a universal event, some individuals are able to achieve extreme longevity. The Long-Life Family Study (LLFS) enrolls participants from families enriched with long-lived individuals, serves as a valuable dataset for studying ageing phenotypes and identify potential intervention targets. We analyzed the association between age at blood draw and 16,284 RNAseq-based blood transcriptomic data from 2,167 LLFS participants with ages ranging from 18 to 107, replicated the results in the Integrative Longevity Omics Study (ILO) dataset of 20,884 RNAseq-based blood transcriptomic data from 419 participants, with ages ranging from 60 to 108, and further compared our findings to a published reference aging signature.

We identified 4,227 transcripts increasing and 4,044 transcripts decreasing with age, and enrichment analysis revealed age-related upregulation of inflammatory and senescence-related pathways, and downregulation of MYC and Wnt/{beta}-catenin targets, among others. Further, a subset of transcripts showed age associations unique to the longevity-enriched cohorts (LLFS and ILO). We also identified 314 transcripts significantly associated with mortality risk and found that pro-survival gene sets included NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity and GPCR signaling. Finally, increased transcriptomic age predicted using transcriptomic clock was strongly associated with increased mortality. In summary, this study identified robust transcriptomic signatures of aging and mortality in a longevity-enriched population, highlighting key biological pathways such as immune modulation, inflammation, and senescence.

Authors notesThis manuscript has been peer-reviewed and accepted by GeroScience (Springer). This bioRxiv article reflects the published version, incorporating revisions made in response to reviewers comments. The main content, results, and conclusions remain unchanged from the previous version, while the Discussion section has been expanded to further address the functional annotation and clinical relevance of the identified markers.

Copy of the acceptance letterThe editors are pleased to inform you that your manuscript, JAAA-D-25-01946R1 entitled "Whole blood transcriptional signatures of age and survival identified in Long Life Family and Integrative Longevity Omics Studies" has been accepted for publication in GeroScience as an Original Article. The editors commend you on your outstanding contribution to the journal. Your manuscript can be published online ahead of print within approximately two weeks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reed, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karagiannis, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brent, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mateusiak, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acharya, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wojczynski, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feitosa, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Connell, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montasser, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thorpe, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arbeev, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perls, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sebastiani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.15.664976</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Whole blood transcriptional signatures of age and survival identified in Long Life Family and Integrative Longevity Omics Studies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.18.664790v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SOX2 utilizes FOXA1 as a heteromeric transcriptional partner to drive proliferation in therapy-resistant prostate cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.18.664790v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Treatment options and diagnostic outlook for men with advanced, therapy resistant prostate cancer (PCa) are extremely poor; this is primarily due to the common lack of durable response to androgen receptor (AR) targeted therapies and phenotypic transdifferentiation into a particularly lethal subtype known as neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). In this study, we mechanistically determine that SOX2 (a transcription factor originally repressed by AR) physically binds and acts in a concerted manner with FOXA1 (a key AR pioneering cofactor) to regulate a subset of genes which promote cell cycle progression, and lineage plasticity in AR-refractory prostate cancers. Our findings assert the SOX2/FOXA1 interaction as an important mediator of resistance to AR-targeted therapy and a driver of NEPC and lineage plasticity; their coordinated action and downstream signaling offers a potential novel therapeutic opportunity in late-stage PCa.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Phoenix, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Budreika, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmeck, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kostlan, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrari, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deegan, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergom, H. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boytim, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bienko, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walewicz, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhagi, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellis, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antonarakis, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drake, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bawa, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vellky, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reizine, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rennhack, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fanning, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwang, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szmulewitz, R. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vander Griend, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kregel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.18.664790</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SOX2 utilizes FOXA1 as a heteromeric transcriptional partner to drive proliferation in therapy-resistant prostate cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.18.665585v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SUZ12-Nucleic Acid Interactions Constrain PRC2 Activity to Maintain Targeted Gene Silencing Essential to Diffuse Midline Glioma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.18.665585v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) mediates transcriptional silencing through trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3), an epigenetic modification critical for development and frequently altered in cancer. Pediatric diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) bearing the histone H3 K27M mutation exhibit global loss of H3K27me3 due to dominant inhibition of PRC2 by the mutant histone. Despite widespread hypomethylation, focal retention of H3K27me3 persists, and tumor cells maintain dependency on residual PRC2 activity for proliferation. The molecular basis underlying this residual enzymatic function and its regulation remain poorly defined. To address this mechanism, we investigated the role of SUZ12, the architectural core of PRC2 that facilitates interactions with accessory subunits. We identified the SUZ12 N-terminal region as a regulatory domain that constrains PRC2 catalytic activity through transient interactions with nucleic acids, thereby limiting non-specific chromatin engagement. Expression of a truncated SUZ12 variant retaining the catalytic VEFS domain, but lacking the nucleic acid-binding regulatory elements, led to widespread H3K27 hypermethylation, displacement of canonical PRC1 complexes, disruption of chromatin architecture, and impaired H3 K27M glioma cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Biochemical analyses revealed a SUZ12 N-terminal domain that modulates PRC2 activity by promoting non-productive binding to nucleic acids, thus establishing a kinetic equilibrium essential for precise chromatin targeting. These findings redefine Polycomb specificity as a dynamic equilibrium between productive nucleosomal engagement and non-productive nucleic acid interactions, providing critical insights into PRC2 regulation and highlighting potential therapeutic vulnerabilities in PRC2-dependent cancers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Reich, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baguette, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lempiainen, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rashoff, A. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Do, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleinman, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jabado, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, Z. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.18.665585</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SUZ12-Nucleic Acid Interactions Constrain PRC2 Activity to Maintain Targeted Gene Silencing Essential to Diffuse Midline Glioma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.16.665006v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Divergent Cell-Type Specific Hypoxia Responses in Human Stem Cell-Derived and Primary Islets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.16.665006v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe success of stem cell-derived islet (SC-islet) therapy for type 1 diabetes is limited by poor graft survival in the hypoxic post-transplantation microenvironment. While the response of SC-islets to chronic hypoxia has been studied, a direct comparison to primary human islets during the acute hypoxic phase has not been performed. Here, we conduct a comparative single-cell transcriptomic and functional analysis of human SC-islets and primary islets exposed to acute hypoxia (1% O2) over 48 hours.

ResultsOur analysis reveals two divergent response patterns. Primary islets exhibit an energy-conserving response, characterized by a {beta}-cell-specific suppression of identity genes (PDX1, MAFA) and pro-apoptotic factors like DDIT3, alongside a shift toward metabolic quiescence. In contrast, the SC-islet response is characterized by lineage instability, a significant metabolic shift toward glycolysis, and the activation of pro-apoptotic pathways. Functionally, these transcriptomic differences result in a loss of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in both islet types, but through different mechanisms: a suppression of secretion in primary islets versus dysregulated, glucose-unresponsive insulin release in SC-islets.

ConclusionThese findings demonstrate that SC-islets are particularly vulnerable under hypoxic stress, exhibiting an unstable, plastic phenotype. This comparative dataset provides a resource for developing source-specific therapeutic interventions to overcome the hypoxic barrier and improve the efficacy of cell replacement therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bradley, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ishahak, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maestas, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veronese-Paniagua, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Millman, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.16.665006</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Divergent Cell-Type Specific Hypoxia Responses in Human Stem Cell-Derived and Primary Islets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.17.665275v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CSF1R regulates monocyte subset differentiation and intracellular metabolism. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.17.665275v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Monocytes are key circulating effectors of vascular homeostasis, innate immunity and inflammation. Following their generation in mouse bone marrow, classical (Ly6Chigh) monocytes are mobilized into the blood circulation where they mature into non-classical (Ly6Clow) patrolling monocytes or are recruited into peripheral tissues where they differentiate into tissue resident or inflammatory macrophages. Monocytes and macrophages express CSF1R (CD115), the receptor for lineage-specific growth factors CSF1 and IL34. Here, we report that acute CSF1R blockade or genetic deletion negatively interferes with monocyte intracellular metabolism and reduces blood Ly6Clow monocytes in part by blunting differentiation of Ly6Chigh monocytes. Based upon lineage-specific deletion of GFPT1 (Glutamine-Fructose-6-Phosphate Transaminase 1), the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) is identified as a novel regulator of CSF1R expression and monocyte subset diversity. Our findings provide new insights into the link between CSF1R signaling, metabolic regulation, and monocyte survival and differentiation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gallerand, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merlin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caillot, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delaby, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bord, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolfi, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castiglione, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grenet, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franceschini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jarretou, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zair, F. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bore, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuffin, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dombrowicz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guinamard, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Randolph, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertola, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Auberger, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacquel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hume, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bajenoff, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neels, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivanov, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.17.665275</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CSF1R regulates monocyte subset differentiation and intracellular metabolism.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.17.665462v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MTARC1 Regulates Lipid Droplet Degradation via Phospholipid Remodeling in Metabolic Fatty Liver Disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.17.665462v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a spectrum of liver disease, including simple fatty liver, hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, with limited treatment options. MTARC1 p.A165T variant is associated with reduced risk of MASLD. We previously showed that this variant promotes MTARC1 protein degradation, suggesting MTARC1 inactivation may represent a potential therapeutic strategy. Here, we report that global or liver specific Mtarc1 knockout markedly suppresses diet-induced hepatic TG accumulation, liver injury, inflammation, and fibrosis in a manner dependently on lipolysis and lipophagy. MTARC1 inactivation post-transcriptionally upregulates PEMT and CEPT1 expression, consequently elevating GPL levels, including PC, PE, and lyso-PE, three major GPLs of hepatic LDs. Furthermore, we observed that MTARC1-deficient hepatocytes exhibited smaller but more numerous LDs compared to controls, under comparable cellular TG levels during lipolysis/lipophagy inhibition. Importantly, inhibition of CEPT1 or PEMT could attenuated the hepatoprotective effect of MTARC1 deficiency. Mechanistically, subcellular GPL remodeling induced by MTARC1 deficiency reduce LD size while increase their surface-to-volume ratio, which in turn promote TG degradation through lipolysis and lipophagy. Collectively, our findings identify MTARC1-GPL biosynthesis-LD degradation axis as a key regulator of fatty liver disease and highlight MTARC1 inhibition as a promising therapeutic strategy for MASLD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tie, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lodhi, I. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.17.665462</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MTARC1 Regulates Lipid Droplet Degradation via Phospholipid Remodeling in Metabolic Fatty Liver Disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.21.665760v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Precision functional mapping reveals less inter-individual variability in the child vs. adult human brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.21.665760v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human brain organization shares a common underlying structure, though recent studies have shown that features of this organization also differ significantly across individual adults. Understanding the developmental pathways that lead to individually unique brains is important for advancing models of cognitive development and neurodevelopmental disorders. Here we use highly personalized precision neuroimaging methods to map brain networks within 12 individual children, ages 8-12 years. We demonstrate fMRI functional connectivity maps that substantially exceed the reliability of traditional techniques, allowing us to measure individual differences after overcoming biases from measurement noise. Children share core functional network topography, with greatest inter-individual variability in association regions, consistent with adult findings. However, children show less between-subject variability than adults, suggesting increasing individual differentiation in brain networks with development. This pediatric precision neuroimaging dataset is publicly available to support future brain development research and provides a high-fidelity foundation for studying individual variation in atypical development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Demeter, D. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feigelis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DAndrea, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ali, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baim, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koithan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stearns, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zreik, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahern, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hampton, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlaggar, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dosenbach, N. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gratton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greene, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.21.665760</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Precision functional mapping reveals less inter-individual variability in the child vs. adult human brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.21.662073v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural Plasticity of the Membrane-Bound Protein Degradation Assembly Supports Bacterial Adaptation to Stress 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.21.662073v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein degradation by AAA+ proteases is essential for bacterial adaptation to environmental stress. The membrane-bound AAA+ protease FtsH forms a large inner-membrane complex with the SPFH (Stomatin, Prohibitin, Flotillin, HflK/C) family transmembrane proteins HflK and HflC, playing a key role in bacterial recovery from aminoglycoside antibiotic stress. Recent structural studies have revealed both open, asymmetric and closed, symmetric conformations of the HflK/C assembly under different sample-preparation conditions, suggesting two distinct models for how this complex modulates FtsH proteolysis. To determine which conformation reflects the biologically active state, we engineered a disulfide-crosslinked HflK/C variant to stabilize the closed conformation and resolved its structure using high-resolution cryo-EM. Phenotypic assays showed that cells expressing either this stabilized, closed HflK/C variant or an HflK/C mutant that disrupts interactions with FtsH exhibit significantly impaired growth under aminoglycoside stress. Surprisingly, the cryo-EM structure of the FtsH*HflK/C complex from cells challenged with the aminoglycoside antibiotic tobramycin revealed a novel HflK/C arrangement, characterized by two openings on opposite sides that may facilitate substrate access to FtsH during proteotoxic stress. Together, our results suggest that both the dynamic open conformation of HflK/C and its specific interactions with FtsH are critical for adaptation to aminoglycoside-induced stress. Given the conserved structural and functional features of SPFH family members, our findings may offer a broader framework for understanding how this protein family operates under both basal and stress conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Iqbal, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghanbarpour, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.21.662073</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural Plasticity of the Membrane-Bound Protein Degradation Assembly Supports Bacterial Adaptation to Stress]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.21.666026v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Central Amygdala Neuronal Ensembles Coordinate Visceral Pain and Its Affective Behaviors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.21.666026v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Visceral pain and its affective component associated with cystitis remain poorly understood. Here, we delineate the role of central amygdala (CeA) neuronal ensembles in encoding and modulating cystitis-induced bladder pain and its affective components. Utilizing a multidisciplinary approach combining behavioral assays, optogenetic manipulations, whole-cell electrophysiology, and activity-dependent genetic labeling, we identified functionally discrete CeA subpopulations that are selectively recruited during bladder inflammation. Bidirectional optogenetic modulation of these ensembles produced opposing effects on nocifensive and anxiety-like behaviors, indicating their causal involvement. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing of FosTRAP-labeled neurons revealed distinct transcriptional signatures associated with inflammatory activation. Integrating electrophysiological and transcriptomic data, we demonstrate that cystitis drives cell type-specific adaptations in CeA circuits. These findings provide mechanistic insight and uncover a molecularly and functionally defined CeA ensemble that orchestrates the sensory and affective dimensions of visceral pain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Samineni, V. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sackey, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chamessian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sewell, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hahm, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gereau, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.21.666026</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Central Amygdala Neuronal Ensembles Coordinate Visceral Pain and Its Affective Behaviors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.24.666644v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Volumetric Differences of Thalamic Nuclei are Associated with Post-Trauma Psychopathology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.24.666644v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Previous investigations of whole thalamus and thalamic nuclei volumes in post-trauma psychopathology have been sparse, limited in scope, and yielded inconsistent results. To address this, volumetric estimates of whole thalamus and thalamic nuclei were obtained from structural brain MRI scans from 2,058 participants across 20 worldwide sites in the ENIGMA PTSD working group. Thalamic volumes were compared between trauma-exposed participants with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (n=238), major depressive disorder (MDD) (n=184), comorbid PTSD+MDD (n=618), and trauma-exposed control participants (n=1,018). PTSD and MDD symptom severity, PTSD symptom clusters, and childhood trauma were similarly examined for associations with thalamic volume. Participants with PTSD only compared to controls had smaller thalamic nuclei volumes in sensorimotor nuclei, including the parafascicular (Pf), ventral anterior magnocellular (VAmc), medial pulvinar (PuM), and anterior pulvinar (PuA) nuclei of the thalamus. MDD only and comorbid PTSD+MDD participants exhibited smaller mediodorsal thalamus volumes compared to controls. Overall PTSD and MDD symptom severity negatively correlated with the volume of the mediodorsal thalamus. A significant interaction between PTSD and MDD severity was found, such that MDD severity was positively associated with thalamic volume only among individuals with high PTSD severity. Avoidance and hyperarousal symptoms of PTSD were positively associated with thalamic volume, while re- experiencing and negative mood/cognition symptoms were negatively associated with thalamic volume. Childhood physical and emotional abuse were positively and negatively associated with thalamic volume, respectively. Whole thalamus volume and volumes of the sensorimotor and limbic thalamus may play an important role in the development of PTSD and MDD in the aftermath of trauma exposure. The interaction between PTSD and MDD symptoms and contrasting effects across PTSD symptom clusters and types of childhood adversity suggests multiple neurobiological mechanisms are involved in shaping thalamic volume post-trauma.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Steele, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hussain, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baird, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haswell, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangel-Jimenez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdallah, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angstadt, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>August, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berg, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blackford, J. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cisler, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniels, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davenport, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Densmore, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Disner, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El-Hage, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Etkin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fani, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frijling, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grupe, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herringa, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hudson, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahanshad, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jovanovic, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koch, S. B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lanius, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazarov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liberzon, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lissek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manthey, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maron-Katz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nawijn, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neria, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neufeld, R. W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nitschke, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olatunji, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.24.666644</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Volumetric Differences of Thalamic Nuclei are Associated with Post-Trauma Psychopathology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.25.665779v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeting RUNX1 in Macrophages Facilitates Cardiac Recovery 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.25.665779v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite advances in disease treatment, our understanding of how damaged organs recover and the mechanisms governing this process remain poorly defined. Here, we mapped the transcriptional and regulatory landscape of human cardiac recovery using single cell multiomics. Macrophages emerged as the most reprogrammed cell type. Deep learning identified the transcription factor RUNX1 as a key regulator of this process. Macrophage-specific Runx1 deletion recapitulated the human cardiac recovery phenotype in a chronic heart failure model. Runx1 deletion reprogrammed macrophages to a reparative phenotype, reduced fibrosis, and promoted cardiomyocyte adaptation. RUNX1 chromatin profiling revealed a conserved regulon that diminished during recovery. Mechanistically, the epigenetic reader BRD4 controlled Runx1 expression in macrophages. Chromatin activity mapping, combined with CRISPR perturbations, identified the precise regulatory element governing Runx1 expression. Therapeutically, small molecule Runx1 inhibition was sufficient to promote cardiac recovery. Our findings uncover a druggable RUNX1 epigenetic mechanism that orchestrates recovery of heart function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Amrute, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pai, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hector-Greene, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheth, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Padmanabhan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamawaki, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sicklinger, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartmann, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bredemeyer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C. J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bell, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harmon, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parvathaneni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dutta, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pruitt, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barreda, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shroff, U. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nadadur, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nigro, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weinheimer, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kovacs, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.-M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kreisel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foo, R. S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneider, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engreitz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mann, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rulifson, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ason, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kramann, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drakos, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leuschner, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexanian, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavine, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.25.665779</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeting RUNX1 in Macrophages Facilitates Cardiac Recovery]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.23.666477v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adaptive Immunity Governs Regional Aortic Remodeling in Hypertension via Perivascular Adipose Tissue Plasticity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.23.666477v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hypertension drives heterogeneous aortic remodeling, but the mechanisms underlying regional disparities remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that adaptive immunity orchestrates spatial differences in vascular dysfunction by modulating perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) phenotype and immune-metabolic crosstalk. Using angiotensin II (AngII)-infused wild-type (WT) and Rag1-/-mice lacking T and B cells, we integrated biaxial mechanical testing, bulk transcriptomics, and PVAT analyses. In WT mice, AngII induced pronounced descending thoracic aorta (DTA) remodeling, marked by wall thickening, reduced circumferential stiffness and inflammatory gene upregulation (Il6, Ccl2). These changes were attenuated in Rag1-/- mice, implicating T cells in thoracic maladaptation. Conversely, the infrarenal abdominal aorta (IAA) exhibited hypertensive resilience in WT mice but unmasked PPAR{gamma}-associated metabolic reprogramming (Pparg, Adipoq) in Rag1-/- mice, suggesting T cells suppress protective abdominal adaptations. PVAT heterogeneity emerged as a key regulator wherein thoracic PVAT (T-PVAT) adopted a pro-inflammatory phenotype (CCL5, TIMP-1) in WT mice, exacerbating DTA damage, while Rag1-/- mice showed thermogenic plasticity (Ucp1 upregulation) in abdominal PVAT (A-PVAT). T cell reconstitution restored maladaptive remodeling in Rag1-/- mice, confirming adaptive immunitys dual role in promoting thoracic injury and restraining metabolic resilience. This work identifies PVAT as an immune-metabolic switch governing regional susceptibility to vascular remodeling, offering spatially resolved strategies to preserve aortic compliance in hypertensive disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snider, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bersi, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.23.666477</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adaptive Immunity Governs Regional Aortic Remodeling in Hypertension via Perivascular Adipose Tissue Plasticity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.27.667045v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ebola virus VP35 NNLNS motif modulates viral RNA synthesis and MIB2-mediated signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.27.667045v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ebola virus (EBOV) is a non-segmented, negative-sense virus (NNSV) with a single-stranded RNA genome. EBOV encodes for a limited number of proteins and thus depends on host factors to facilitate viral replication and pathogenesis. Of the virus-encoded proteins, multifunctional EBOV VP35 (eVP35) is necessary for host immune evasion and viral RNA synthesis. Previous proteomics studies identified an interaction between eVP35 and the host E3 ubiquitin ligase Mindbomb 2 (MIB2). Here, we show how a previously uncharacterized NNLNS motif (residues 201-205) within eVP35 serves as a binding site for MIB2. This motif is critical for eVP35-dependent inhibition of MIB2-mediated IFN induction. It is also important for EBOV RNA synthesis as MIB2 binding to eVP35 inhibited EBOV minigenome activity. Altogether, these findings highlight the importance of the eVP35 protein and the role of host factors in EBOV infection.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe Ebola virus (EBOV) genome encodes for a limited number of proteins and depends on host factors to facilitate viral replication. Identification and characterization of host-viral interactions are needed to define infection, resolution, and to develop new therapeutics. EBOV VP35 (eVP35) is necessary for mediating host immune evasion and a cofactor for viral RNA synthesis. Here we characterized an interaction between eVP35 and MIB2. We show that the 201NNLNS205 motif in eVP35 is necessary and sufficient for MIB2 binding and inhibition of MIB2-mediated IFN production. Our results also reveal how the eVP35-MIB2 interaction impacts virus infection. These results support the importance of the multifunctional eVP35 to EBOV infection and highlight the significance of host proteins, including E3 ligases, during viral infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Uwase, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luthra, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vogel, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batra, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LaRosa, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheehan, K. C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khatavkar, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payton, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davey, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krogan, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basler, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leung, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amarasinghe, G. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.27.667045</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ebola virus VP35 NNLNS motif modulates viral RNA synthesis and MIB2-mediated signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.27.667036v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinct Roles of CaMKII in Synaptic Vesicle Dynamics at Zebrafish Retinal Rod Bipolar Ribbon Synapses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.27.667036v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Calcium (Ca{superscript 2}) not only serves as a fundamental trigger for neurotransmitter release but also participates in shaping neurotransmitter release (NTR) during prolonged presynaptic stimulation via multiple Ca2+-dependent processes. The Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is enriched at various presynaptic terminals, including ribbon synapses, where it associates with synaptic ribbons and thus may contribute to the modulation of Ca2+-dependent NTR. This could arise via its ability to influence one or more steps that control either the Ca2+ signal, the release process, or synaptic vesicle dynamics affecting available pools. Yet, recent studies have yielded conflicting results regarding the ability of CaMKII to influence NTR at rod bipolar cell (RBC) ribbon synapses. To address this, we acutely manipulated CaMKII activity in synaptic terminals of zebrafish RBCs by infusion of either inhibitory peptides targeting CaMKII or CaM, or a constitutively active CaMKII, while using a combination of imaging and electrophysiological approaches. Neither inhibiting nor enhancing CaMKII activity affects presynaptic Ca2+ channel activity. However, capacitance measurements revealed that inhibition of either CaMKII or CaM reduces exocytosis. CaMKII inhibition also reduces synaptic vesicle replenishment. Surprisingly, elevation of CaMKII activity also diminished vesicle fusion, similar to the effect of CaMKII inhibition, suggesting that CaMKII activity naturally exists at optimal levels to support neurotransmitter release. In contrast to CaMKII inhibition, CaMKII activity elevation did not impair vesicle replenishment. Collectively, these data suggest that distinct synaptic vesicle populations are differentially reliant on the level of CaMKII activity.

Significant StatementCaMKII is well-recognized for its postsynaptic participation in multiple forms of synaptic plasticity, yet it is well-documented to be prevalent in presynaptic compartments, where it may control NTR. The specific functions of CaMKII in synaptic vesicle dynamics remain poorly understood. While using a combination of imaging and electrophysiology approaches, we acutely manipulated CaMKII activity in presynaptic terminals by infusion of inhibitory peptides or constitutively active CaMKII. These manipulations revealed that deviations in CaMKII levels, in either direction, impair neurotransmitter release, suggesting that CaMKII is optimally present at these synapses. Yet CaMKII activity appears required for synaptic vesicle replenishment, suggesting that distinct aspects of synaptic vesicle dynamics are under differential control by CaMKII.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Boff, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rameshkumar, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khamrai, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seetharaman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olmos-Carrenno, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chudasama, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoshimatsu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zenisek, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tavalin, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaithianathan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.27.667036</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinct Roles of CaMKII in Synaptic Vesicle Dynamics at Zebrafish Retinal Rod Bipolar Ribbon Synapses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.28.667276v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Activation-Free Upgrading of Carboxylic Acids to Aldehydes and Alcohols 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.28.667276v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Advances in organic and gas waste valorization have enabled high-yield production of carboxylic acids, positioning them as promising feedstocks for the bioeconomy. However, carboxylic acids must be activated before downstream use, typically requiring ATP, CoA, or reduced ferredoxin to overcome unfavorable thermodynamics. These activators are costly to generate and divert carboxylic acids into CO2-releasing pathways, reducing carbon efficiency. Here, we demonstrate that aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) can directly reduce carboxylic acids to aldehydes without prior activation, a process previously thought to be biologically inaccessible. Screening 133 ALDHs revealed that this activity is remarkably widespread within the protein family, enabling production of aliphatic aldehydes and alcohols, diols, and aromatic alcohols, at titers >1 g/L, in some cases, after optimization of thermodynamic driving forces. Additionally, we applied this system to upgrade waste-derived carboxylic acid effluent streams from wastewater sludge, food waste, and waste gas (CO2). This activation-free process, termed "reverse aldehyde oxidation" (rAOX), establishes a broadly applicable, energy-efficient platform for carboxylic acid valorization at 100% carbon yield. Analogous to the reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle (rTCA) and reverse {beta}-oxidation (rBOX), rAOX exemplifies that metabolic reactions classically defined as unidirectional may have unexpected plasticity to operate in reverse and open new avenues in biomanufacturing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Black, W. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saleh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perea, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luu, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lambrecht, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Awachi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayworth, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuayiuso, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagerty, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilcrease, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siegel, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.28.667276</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Activation-Free Upgrading of Carboxylic Acids to Aldehydes and Alcohols]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.24.666468v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Precision fMRI reveals densely interdigitated network patches with conserved motifs in the lateral prefrontal cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.24.666468v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dominant models of human lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) organization emphasize broad domain-general zones and smooth functional gradients. However, these models rely heavily on group-averaged neuroimaging, which can obscure fine-scale cortical features - especially in highly inter-individually variable regions like the LPFC. To address this limitation, we collected a new precision fMRI dataset from 10 individuals, each with approximately 2 hours of resting-state and 6 hours of task data. We mapped individual-specific LPFC networks using resting-state fMRI and tested network-level functional preferences using task fMRI. We found that individual LPFC organization differed markedly from group-averaged estimates. Individual maps showed more fragmented and interdigitated networks - especially in anterior LPFC - including novel conserved motifs present across individuals. Task fMRI revealed that distinct but adjacent networks support domain-specific processes (i.e., language, social cognition, episodic projection) versus domain-general control. Sharp functional boundaries were visible at the individual level that could not be observed in group data. These findings uncover previously hidden organizational principles in the LPFC and offer a framework for understanding how the LPFC supports flexible, complex cognition through a finely organized architecture.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ladwig, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kermani, K. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dworetsky, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Labora, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nee, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braga, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petersen, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gratton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.24.666468</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Precision fMRI reveals densely interdigitated network patches with conserved motifs in the lateral prefrontal cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.29.667370v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Glucose Metabolism echoes Long-Range Temporal Correlations in the Human Brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.29.667370v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intrinsic brain activity is characterized by pervasive long-range temporal correlations. While these scale-invariant dynamics are a fundamental hallmark of brain function, their implications for individual-level metabolic regulation remain poorly understood. Here, we address this gap by integrating resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and dynamic [18F]FDG Positron Emission Tomography (PET) data acquired from the same cohort of participants. We uncover a systematic relationship between long-range temporal correlations, quantified via the Hurst exponent, and glucose metabolism. Our findings reveal that persistent temporal dependencies impose a measurable metabolic cost, with brains exhibiting higher long-range temporal correlations incurring greater energetic demands. Beyond glucose metabolism, we also show that these dynamics are likely supported by continuous biosynthetic processes, such as protein synthesis, which are critical for neural circuit maintenance and remodeling. Overall, our results suggest that a significant fraction of the brains so-called "Dark Energy" is actively spent to power spontaneous long-range temporal correlations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Facca, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ridolfo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Celli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tarricone, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazzonetto, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Volpi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vlassenko, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goyal, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbetta, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertoldo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.29.667370</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Glucose Metabolism echoes Long-Range Temporal Correlations in the Human Brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.27.667043v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Historical Contingency Limits Adaptive Diversification in a Spatially Structured Environment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.27.667043v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding how genotype-by-environment (GxE) interactions influence evolutionary trajectories and contribute to historical contingency is key to predicting evolution. In spatially structured, heterogeneous environments, populations often diversify into ecotypes, resulting in niche specialization. However, the ability to specialize depends not only on ecological opportunity but also on whether genetic variation permits access to novel niches, as genetic disruptions may inhibit adaptation unless alternative trajectories or compensatory mutations are subsequently accessible. Previously, we demonstrated that Escherichia coli populations rapidly diversify into two co-existing ecotypes in a nutrient-rich, spatially structured environment. The adaptation of both ecotypes results in benefits only perceived in the spatially structured culture tube environment. Here, diversification is initiated by first-step mutations associated with the overexpression of genes encoding the type 1 fimbria, the major attachment pilus involved in biofilm development, enabling range expansion and allowing E. coli to occupy the surface-air interface of the culture tube.

To investigate how first-step mutations shape evolutionary trajectories, we experimentally evolved wild-type and fimbrial-deficient ({Delta}fimA) E. coli for 91 days in both structured (tube) and unstructured (flask) environments. While a fimA deletion initially confers a fitness benefit by avoiding the cost of insufficient biofilm formation, it ultimately prevents range expansion in structured environments and is not compensated by expression of cryptic fimbriae by the end of experimental evolution. As a result, {Delta}fimA populations show constrained adaptation in tubes compared to wild-type. Alternatively, both genotypes perform similarly in flasks, where biofilm formation is not advantageous and whole population sequencing reveals that flask-evolved populations similar early mutational trajectories. Our results highlight the ruggedness of the adaptive landscape in structured environments and show how an initially beneficial mutation can trap a lineage on a local fitness peak, underscoring the importance of GxE interactions and early mutational events in shaping the predictability and contingency of evolutionary outcomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Patton, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meraz, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Worthan, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behringer, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.27.667043</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Historical Contingency Limits Adaptive Diversification in a Spatially Structured Environment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.28.667211v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A stem cell-based platform for functional analysis of genetic variants in lung disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.28.667211v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Advances in genetic and transcriptomic technologies have identified large numbers of genes and variants of potential importance to human disease. Determining the function of these genes and variants is a critical bottleneck in understanding disease etiology. Variants of uncertain significance (VUS) are highly prevalent in our genomes, but our ability to identify them significantly outpaces our ability to determine their molecular and clinical consequences. We developed a genetically tractable induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) based platform to investigate gene variant pathogenicity in lung disease, using primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) as a model. We identified an individual with a clinical diagnosis of PCD and a VUS in the gene Multiciliate differentiation and DNA synthesis associated cell cycle protein (MCIDAS). Through gene-editing of iPSC-derived airway basal stem cells (iBCs), we precisely defined the molecular and cellular pathogenicity of the variant providing a successful application of the iPSC system to diagnose a lung disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wallman, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Homma, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finton, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beermann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacob, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choksi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pletcher, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bawa, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reiter, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brody, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berical, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawkins, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.28.667211</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A stem cell-based platform for functional analysis of genetic variants in lung disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.28.667212v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The impact of environmental exposures on the epigenomic and transcriptomic landscape of transposable elements 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.28.667212v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile DNA sequences that constitute a significant portion of mammalian genomes. While typically silenced by epigenetic mechanisms, mounting evidence indicates TEs can regulate gene expression and chromatin architecture. However, their regulatory roles under various environmental exposures remain largely unexplored. In this study, we investigate the regulatory functions of TEs in mouse liver tissue following early-life exposure to environmental toxicants, including arsenic (As), lead (Pb), bisphenol A (BPA), tributyltin (TBT), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), and particulate matter less than 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5). These toxicants are linked to various health issues, including neurodevelopmental deficits, metabolic and immune dysfunction, and increased cancer risks. Integrative analysis of 351 multi-omics datasets from liver tissues of 5-month-old mice indicated that early-life environmental exposures significantly altered chromatin accessibility and expression of TEs in later life stage, revealing distinct exposure-specific signatures and sex-dependent responses. 6,699 TEs were identified with altered chromatin accessibility, mostly in non-coding regions, suggesting potential impact on gene regulation. Within these TEs, LINE elements were enriched in genes involved in metabolic pathways, while LTR elements, particularly the ORR1E subfamily, were predominantly associated with immune-related genes. Additionally, we identified 140 TE-gene chimeric transcripts with TE-derived novel transcription start sites, highlighting TE-contributed transcriptional plasticity. Our findings depict a comprehensive landscape of TE regulation under early-life toxicant exposures, offering insights into TEs biology and their impact on health and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Miao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartolomei, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coarfa, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>TaRGET II Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.28.667212</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The impact of environmental exposures on the epigenomic and transcriptomic landscape of transposable elements]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.28.667255v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NLRP3 inflammasome is regulated in osteoclasts through a Tmem178-dependent mechanism that restricts calcium influx 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.28.667255v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Osteoclasts (OCs) differentiate from macrophages in response to RANKL. Here, we investigated the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in mouse macrophages, with or without exposure to RANKL. Unexpectedly, we found that NLRP3 expression gradually declined during osteoclastogenesis but could be restored with LPS treatment. LPS and nigericin robustly activated this inflammasome in macrophages, as expected, but not in OCs. Mechanistically, we identified Tmem178, a protein that restrains Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and highly expressed in OCs, as an inhibitor of this inflammasome. Notably, NLRP3 inflammasome activation was robust in OCs lacking Tmem178 or wild-type (WT) OCs exposed to high calcium concentrations. In vivo studies demonstrated that under the conditions where OCs efficiently release Ca2+ from bone, inflammasome formation was enhanced. Furthermore, deletion of Nlrp3 rescued osteopenia in Tmem178-/- mice. Thus, we found that Tmem178 uniquely restricts Ca2+ release from ER in OCs, thereby suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

One Sentence SummaryThe NLRP3 inflammasome is silenced in the OC lineage by Tmem178 to prevent pathological bone loss.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kaur, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alippe, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Semenkovich, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhagat, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khanna, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pokhrel, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterson, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abu-Amer, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faccio, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mbalaviele, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.28.667255</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NLRP3 inflammasome is regulated in osteoclasts through a Tmem178-dependent mechanism that restricts calcium influx]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.30.665413v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sleep deprivation selectively reactivates hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.30.665413v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sleep supports a variety of physiological processes, ranging from metabolic to immune system homeostasis, and plays a critical role in cognition and memory. A brief period of sleep loss impairs memory, particularly hippocampus-dependent memories, and alters molecular signaling and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. Studies have shown that sleep deprivation (SD), alters neuronal activation as indicated by broad changes in gene expression signatures and by the altered expression of c-Fos, an immediate early gene that functions as a molecular marker of neuronal activity. In the present study, we examined hippocampal subregion-specific c-Fos induction patterns via immunohistochemical staining. We find that CA1 pyramidal neurons exhibit the most robust c-Fos induction after SD. Using an activity-driven ribosomal tagging system and a repeated SD model, we labeled sleep deprivation activated CA1 neurons and observed a population of excitatory neurons in area CA1 that are reactivated by repeated SD. Using the c-Fos-RiboTag system that enables the isolation of ribosomes attached mRNA from labeled neurons, we performed fosTRAP-seq and identified activity-dependent gene expression changes in c-Fos+ CA1 neurons. Our results revealed that synapse organization, protein dephosphorylation, cellular response to endogenous stimulus (such as insulin) are upregulated, whereas mRNA processing and splicing being downregulated. In summary, our study provides a detailed view of the activation of hippocampal neurons after SD, revealing a subset of CA1 pyramidal neurons that have higher sensitivity to the effect of sleep loss, shown as reactivation during repeated SD, allows investigation of molecular changes in neurons specifically impacted by repeated sleep loss. Our work uncovers a population of CA1 pyramidal neurons that are sensitive to repeated sleep loss and sheds light on a possible connection between acute and chronic sleep loss at the cellular and molecular levels.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=138 SRC="FIGDIR/small/665413v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (30K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1cfa351org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@eb387dorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@c9cf6forg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1518b12_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walsh, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Resch, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyons, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abel, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.30.665413</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sleep deprivation selectively reactivates hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.29.667471v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Alanine Catabolism as a Targetable Vulnerability for MYC-Driven Liver Cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.29.667471v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Liver cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death world-wide in part due to the shortage of effective therapies, and MYC overexpression defines an aggressive and especially difficult to treat subset of patients. Given MYCs ability to reprogram cancer cell metabolism, and the livers role as a coordinator of systemic metabolism, we hypothesized that MYC induces metabolic dependencies that could be targeted to attenuate liver tumor growth. We discovered that MYC-driven liver cancers catabolize alanine in a GPT2-dependent manner to sustain their growth. GPT2 is the predominant alanine-catabolizing enzyme expressed in MYC-driven liver tumors and genetic ablation of GPT2 limited MYC-driven liver tumorigenesis. In vivo isotope tracing studies uncovered a role for alanine as a substrate for a repertoire of pathways including the tricarboxylic acid cycle, nucleotide production, and amino acid synthesis. Treating transgenic MYC-driven liver tumor mouse models with L-Cycloserine, a compound that inhibits GPT2, was sufficient to diminish the frequency of mouse tumor formation and attenuate growth of established human liver tumors. Thus, we identify a new targetable metabolic dependency that MYC-driven liver tumors usurp to ensure their survival.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Montoya, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krall, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matulionis, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finck, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelley, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christofk, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goga, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.29.667471</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Alanine Catabolism as a Targetable Vulnerability for MYC-Driven Liver Cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.28.667191v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comprehensive Transcriptomic and Epigenomic Insights into Environmental Toxicant Exposures: The TaRGET II Resource 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.28.667191v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Environmental exposures to toxic chemicals can profoundly alter the transcriptome and epigenome in both humans and animals, contributing to disease development across the lifespan. To elucidate how early-life exposure to toxicants exerts such persistent effects, the Toxicant Exposures and Responses by Genomic and Epigenomic Regulators of Transcription II (TaRGET II) Consortium generated a landmark resource comprising 2,564 epigenomes and 1,043 transcriptomes from longitudinal studies in mice. All data are publicly available through the TaRGET II data portal and the WashU Epigenome Browser. This resource from target (liver, brain, lung, heart) and surrogate (blood) tissues at weaning (3 weeks) and two adult time-points (5 and 10 months) characterized the molecular response to arsenic (As), lead (Pb), bisphenol-A (BPA), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate(DEHP), tributyltin (TBT), tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), and particulate matter with a diameter of <2.5m (PM2.5). The findings revealed persistent, toxicant-specific, sex-dependent epigenomic and transcriptomic perturbations, resulting in disrupted expression of 14,908 genes, altered chromatin accessibility at 87,409 regulatory elements, DNA methylation changes at 113,186 genomic regions, and chromatin state switching of histone modifications. The resulting high-resolution map of how environmental exposures reprogram the epigenome and transcriptome is broadly accessible via ToxiTaRGET database, offering unparalleled opportunities for the scientific community to investigate the molecular underpinnings of environmental toxicant exposures and their contributions to disease pathogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coarfa, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuntala, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colacino, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Svobada, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamanaka, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lalancette, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sartor, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krapp, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crawford, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patisaul, H. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiltshire, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aylor, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biswal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mutlu, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajagopalan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, W.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolinoy, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartolomei, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grimm, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruiz-Echartea, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katz, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jangid, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.28.667191</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comprehensive Transcriptomic and Epigenomic Insights into Environmental Toxicant Exposures: The TaRGET II Resource]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.28.667228v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ToxiTaRGET: a multi-omics resource for toxicant-responsive molecular targets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.28.667228v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Environmental toxicant exposures can induce widespread alterations in both the transcriptome and epigenome of mammals, and directly contribute to the increased risk of various diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, cancer, and neurological disorders. To evaluate how early-life toxicants produce long-term impacts on the transcriptome and epigenome in mice, the Toxicant Exposures and Responses by Genomic and Epigenomic Regulators of Transcription II (TaRGET II) Consortium generated a landmark resource comprising 3,607 multi-omics from longitudinal studies in mice. The molecular changes in responding to distinct environmental toxicants, including arsenic (As), lead (Pb), bisphenol A (BPA), tributyltin (TBT), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), dioxin (TCDD), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5), were systematically identified and visualized on an integrative platform, ToxiTaRGET, to allow quickly search and browse by researchers. ToxiTaRGET houses a rich repository of molecular signatures, including gene expression, chromatin accessibility, and DNA methylation profiles, in response to early-life toxicant exposures. These molecular signatures span multiple biologically important tissues in both male and female mice at three distinct life stages, offering a valuable resource for the environmental health and toxicogenomic research communities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kumar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuntala, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartolomei, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.28.667228</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ToxiTaRGET: a multi-omics resource for toxicant-responsive molecular targets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.31.667933v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Heterochromatin-based silencing of a foreign tandem repeat in Drosophila melanogaster shows unusual biochemistry and temperature sensitivity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.31.667933v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Eukaryotic genomes are packaged into chromatin, a regulatory nucleoprotein assembly. Establishment, maintenance, and interconversion of chromatin states is required for correct patterns of gene expression, genome integrity, and survival. Transcriptionally repressive heterochromatin minimizes mobilization of transposable elements and limits expansion of other repetitive DNA, but mechanisms for recognition of the latter sequences are not well established. We previously demonstrated in Drosophila melanogaster that transcripts derived from 1360 and Invader4 transposon insertions can trigger local conversion of transcriptionally permissive euchromatin to heterochromatin through the piRNA system, but only in a subset of genomic locations near existing blocks of heterochromatin. Here we show that a ~9 kb tandem array of the 36-nucleotide lac operator (lacO) sequence of Escherichia coli can form ectopic heterochromatin at a similar subset of sites, resulting in variegating expression of an adjacent reporter gene. Heterochromatin Protein 1a (HP1a) and histone deacetylation are required for lacO repeat-induced silencing, but, contrasting with previously described Position Effect Variegation (PEV), we do not observe increased histone H3 lysine 9 methylation. Silencing is effective at 25{degrees}C and suppressed at 18{degrees}C (in contrast to canonical PEV, which is enhanced at 18{degrees}C), indicating involvement of a temperature-sensitive component. Temperature switching experiments show that lacO repeat-induced heterochromatin formation is reversible throughout larval development following an HP1a-dependent initiation step in the early embryo. We conclude that the Drosophila nucleus can recognize a completely foreign tandem repeat as a target for heterochromatin formation, and that the heterochromatin structure established is distinct from that of endogenous tandem arrays.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gracheva, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leung, W. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bieser, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nielsen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smiley, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vuong, N. N. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walther, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reuter, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elgin, S. C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arsham, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.31.667933</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Heterochromatin-based silencing of a foreign tandem repeat in Drosophila melanogaster shows unusual biochemistry and temperature sensitivity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.31.667797v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
OmniCellAgent: Towards AI Co-Scientists for Scientific Discovery in Precision Medicine 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.31.667797v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The convergence of large language models (LLMs), AI agents, and large-scale omic datasets--such as single-cell omics, marks the arrival of a critical inflection point in biomedical research, via autonomous data mining and novel hypothesis generation. However, there is no specifically designed agentic AI model that can systematically integrate large-scale single-cell (sc) RNAseq (covering diverse diseases and cell types), omic data analytic tools, accumulated biomedical knowledge, and literature search to facilitate autonomous scientific discovery in precision medicine. In this study, we develop a novel agentic AI, OmniCellAgent, to empower non-computational-expert users--such as patients and family members, clinicians, and wet-lab researchers--to conduct scRNA-seq data-driven biomedical research like experts, uncovering molecular disease mechanisms and identifying effective precision therapies. The code of omniCellAgent is publicly accessible at: https://fuhailiailab.github.io/.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickson, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cruchaga, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Province, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payne, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.31.667797</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[OmniCellAgent: Towards AI Co-Scientists for Scientific Discovery in Precision Medicine]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.02.668285v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Terminal Loop Sequences in Viral Double-Stranded RNAs Modulate RIG-I Signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.02.668285v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Detection of foreign RNAs is a crucial activation step for innate immunity pathways in response to viral infections. Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) is a cytoplasmic RNA sensor that triggers type I and III interferon (IFN) expression and activates the antiviral response in response to RNA virus infection. The activating ligand for RIG-I has been shown to be 5-triphosphated, blunt-ended, double-stranded (ds)RNA, but questions remain on the impact of other RNA motifs on RIG-I activation. Here we show that immune-activating copy-back viral genomes (cbVGs) contain RNA stem loops away from the 5 end of the RNA that enhance RIG-I signaling and IFN expression. Importantly, the sequence of the terminal loops of the activating motifs impacts the strength of IFN expression. Additionally, we show that synthetic versions of these cbVG-derived stem loops trigger innate immune responses in mice demonstrating their potential as immunostimulants in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hackbart, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gnazzo, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.02.668285</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Terminal Loop Sequences in Viral Double-Stranded RNAs Modulate RIG-I Signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.05.668602v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Live-cell imaging and lipidomics of low density lipoprotein containing intrinsically fluorescent cholesteryl esters 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.05.668602v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Low density lipoprotein (LDL) delivers cholesterol to cells in the body in the form of cholesteryl esters (CEs), and dysfunction of this pathway is associated with various diseases. Due to the lack of suitable tools, our understanding of the intracellular transport and hydrolysis of CEs is limited. We present a novel approach for studying LDL-derived CEs in cells, using fatty acyl chain conjugates of the intrinsically fluorescent cholestatrienol (CTL). We demonstrate that CTL esters reconstituted into LDL particles are hydrolyzed in late endosomes and lysosomes (LE/LYSs) by acid lipase, while an LDL-derived CTL ether analog cannot leave LE/LYSs. Using live-cell imaging, lipidomics, and multimodal Bayesian modeling, we discover a sequential biphasic transport of LDL-derived CTL to LE/LYSs matching the kinetics of the lysosomal hydrolysis of LDL-associated CTL-ester with a half-time of 3.0 hours. Hydrolyzed CTL derived from LDL-associated CTL esters is rapidly re-esterified with a similar half-time and stored in lipid droplets, demonstrating efficient sterol transport to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The latter is supported by the detection of a faint CTL staining in the ER and by extensive contact formation between endo-lysosomes containing LDL and ER tubules. Using lipidomics and Bayesian kinetic modeling, we also track LDL-derived CEs and triacylglycerols in cells and determine the uptake kinetics for each lipid species individually. Our novel approach allows for precise measurement of post-endocytic trafficking and metabolism of LDL-derived cholesterol and other lipids in living cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Juhl, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sprenger, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Modzel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halder, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szomek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ejsing, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Covey, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wüstner, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.05.668602</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Live-cell imaging and lipidomics of low density lipoprotein containing intrinsically fluorescent cholesteryl esters]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.04.668450v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeting the COP9 signalosome overcomes platinum resistance in ovarian cancer through two distinct genome stability mechanisms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.04.668450v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is a leading cause of gynecologic cancer mortality, largely due to the emergence of platinum resistance, which serves as the mainstay of chemotherapy. Here, we identify COPS5 as a therapeutic target and use an available small molecule inhibitor to overcome platinum resistance. A genetic screen for platinum-induced DNA damage in a platinum resistant ovarian cancer model identified COPS5 and COPS6, two components of the COP9 signalosome. Consistently, high COPS5 expression correlated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with HGSC. In both in vitro and in vivo experiments, COPS5 depletion sensitized ovarian cancer cells to carboplatin. A small molecule COPS5 inhibitor, CSN5i-3, synergized with carboplatin in homologous recombination-deficient and -proficient cells. This combination was also effective in xenografts and in a syngeneic mouse model of carboplatin-resistant HGSC. Importantly, we demonstrate that CSN5i-3 is selective for cancer cells, with patient-derived HGSC cells exhibiting up to 50-fold greater sensitivity to CSN5i-3 than benign cells. Finally, we show that genetic or small molecule inhibition of COPS5 impaired both nucleotide excision repair (NER) and interstrand crosslink (ICL) repair, leading to increased DNA platinum adducts. Mechanistically, this was due to increased ubiquitination and degradation of DNA-specific DNA binding protein 1 (DDB1) and other key NER and ICL repair proteins, consistent with the role of COPS5 in the regulation of these factors. Our findings highlight the importance of NER and ICL regulation in chemotherapy response and indicate that targeting COPS5 can enhance the efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy in HGSC.

One Sentence SummaryCOPS5 depletion or inhibition using a small molecule COPS5 inhibitor CSN5i-3 sensitizes high-grade serous carcinoma to platinum chemotherapy through downregulation of nucleotide excision repair and interstrand crosslink repair.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lomonosova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loeb, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Biljon, L. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brill, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schab, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minett, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barron, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bittner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drexler, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandoval, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oplt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallup, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thuthika, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadeghipour, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oberley, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanders, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuroki, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCourt, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagemann, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thaker, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mutch, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Powell, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagemann, I. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ilagan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuh, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verma, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scharer, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mosammaparast, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khabele, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mullen, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.04.668450</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeting the COP9 signalosome overcomes platinum resistance in ovarian cancer through two distinct genome stability mechanisms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.04.668477v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
YY1 relieves p300 autoinhibition to promote histone acetylation in advanced prostate cancer, enhancing the oncogenic signaling of Androgen Receptor Splice Variant 7 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.04.668477v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetic and epigenetic aberrations often act in concert to establish oncogenic transcriptomic programs in aggressive cancers. For example, the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), an advanced prostate cancer form, is closely associated with over-expression and/or hyper-activation of transcription factors (TFs) such as Androgen Receptor (AR) and Yin Yang 1 (YY1), as well as p300, a prominent histone acetyltransferase. How exactly these cancer-related lesions are coordinated to generate a malignant cell state remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that YY1, which is frequently over-expressed in advanced prostate cancers, allosterically stimulates the acetyltransferase activity of p300 in cis, leading to the globally elevated acetylation of histone H3 lysine 18 and 27 (H3K18ac and H3K27ac). Mechanistically, YY1s N-terminal activation domain (AD) directly interacts with p300s TAZ2 domain, relieving the autoinhibition of p300 to facilitate substrate acetylation. Our integrated genome-wide mapping and transcriptomic studies reveal significant co-localization of genomic binding sites of YY1, androgen receptor splice variant 7 (AR-V7, a constitutively active form of AR) and p300 in CRPC cells, where the YY1-mediated p300 activation and resultant histone acetylation increases promote the oncogenic gene-expression programs downstream of YY1 and AR/AR-V7. Both in vitro and in vivo functional assays demonstrate a critical requirement of the above signaling for the advanced disease progression and drug resistance seen in CRPC. Altogether, this study uncovers that YY1 acts to alleviate p300s autoinhibition at target genes co-bound by oncogenic TFs (YY1 and/or AR/AR-V7) in CRPC, thereby sustaining tumorigenicity. Additionally, the blockade of YY1-mediated gene activation resensitizes CRPC to treatment to the clinic anti-AR agent (enzalutamide), which provides a rationale for overcoming the therapeutic resistance often seen in advanced prostate cancers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mackintosh, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhanu, N. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edmondson, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tackett, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.04.668477</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[YY1 relieves p300 autoinhibition to promote histone acetylation in advanced prostate cancer, enhancing the oncogenic signaling of Androgen Receptor Splice Variant 7]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.04.668533v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exoproteome of calorie-restricted humans identifies complement deactivation as an immunometabolic checkpoint reducing inflammaging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.04.668533v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Caloric restriction (CR) extends lifespan, yet the convergent immunometabolic mechanism of healthspan remains unclear. Using longitudinal plasma proteomics analyses in humans achieving 14% CR for 2 years, we identified that inhibition of the complement pathway is linked to lower inflammaging. The protein C3a (and its cleaved form) was significantly lowered by CR, thus reducing inflammation emanating from three canonical complement pathways. Interestingly, circulating C3a levels are increased during aging in mice, with visceral adipose tissue macrophages as the predominant source. In macrophages, C3a signaling via ERK elevated inflammatory cytokine production, suggesting the existence of an autocrine loop that promotes inflammaging. Notably, long-lived FGF21-overexpressing mice and PLA2G7-deficient mice exhibited lower C3a in aging. Specific small molecule-mediated systemic C3 inhibition reduced inflammaging, improved metabolic homeostasis, and enhanced healthspan of aged mice. Collectively, our findings reveal that complement C3 deactivation is a metabolically regulated inflammaging checkpoint that can be harnessed to extend healthspan.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mishra, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Youm, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez-Hurtado, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaitsev, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dlugos, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shchukina, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gliniak, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravussin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohanty, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaw, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scherer, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Artyomov, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixit, V. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.04.668533</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exoproteome of calorie-restricted humans identifies complement deactivation as an immunometabolic checkpoint reducing inflammaging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.05.668605v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Defined human tri-lineage brain microtissues 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.05.668605v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microglia are the immune cells of the central nervous system and are thought to be key players in both physiological and disease conditions. Several microglial features are poorly conserved between mice and human, such as the function of the neurodegeneration-associated immune receptor Trem2. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived microglia offer a powerful opportunity to generate and study human microglia. However, human iPSC-derived microglia often exhibit activated phenotypes in vitro, and assessing their impact on other brain cell types remains challenging due to limitations in current co-culture systems. Here, we developed fully defined brain microtissues, composed of human iPSC-derived neurons, astrocytes, and microglia, co-cultured in 2D or 3D formats. Our microtissues are stable and self-sufficient over time, requiring no exogenous cytokines or growth factors. All three cell types exhibit morphologies characteristic of their in vivo environment and show functional properties. Co-cultured microglia develop more homeostatic phenotypes compared to microglia exposed to exogenous cytokines. Hence, these tri-cultures provide a unique approach to investigate cell-cell interactions between brain cell types. We found that astrocytes and not neurons are sufficient for microglial survival and maturation, and that astrocyte-derived M-CSF is essential for microglial survival. Single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing analyses nominated a network of reciprocal communication between cell types. Brain microtissues faithfully recapitulated pathogenic -synuclein seeding and aggregation, suggesting their usefulness as human cell models to study not only normal but also pathological cell biological processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Uenaka, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vodehnal, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rastogi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koontz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thome, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chesnov, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venida, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahul Mellier, A.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atkins, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackrel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skotheim, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wyss-Coray, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abu-Remaileh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lashuel, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bassik, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sudhof, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>del Sol, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ullian, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wernig, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.05.668605</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Defined human tri-lineage brain microtissues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.05.668756v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromosomal Fusions and Evolutionary Forces: Exploring theNeo-Sex Chromosome System of Anolis distichus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.05.668756v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The evolutionary dynamics of sex chromosomes differ from autosomes due to their unique pattern of in-heritance and regions of hemizygosity in non-recombining areas. However, the study of sex chromosomes and sex-linked gene evolution has been limited by the rarity of truly novel sex chromosome complements in model systems. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing have enabled the identification of neo-sex chromosomes, created by the fission or fusion of autosomes with sex chromosomes, providing a new avenue to investigate the dynamics of sex chromosome evolution. Squamate reptiles, particularly Anolis lizards, are an excellent system for studying the consequences of sex-linkage due to their frequent sex chromosome-autosome fusions. The Hispaniolan Bark Anole, Anolis distichus, has experienced two sex chromosome and autosome fusions that led to a multiple sex chromosome system (X1X2Y). We present a high-quality whole-genome assembly and annotation of a male A. distichus (X1X2Y), enabling a detailed analysis of all three of its neo-sex chromosomes. We identify scaffolds associated with X1, X2, and Y chromosomes using an integra-tive approach and estimate degeneration and selection strength. Our results support long-held theories of differential evolutionary pressures in sex chromosomes, such as the Fast X effect and Y degeneration. Additionally, we find that chromosome 12 has become sex-linked independently in two different Anolis species, suggesting that some autosomes may be more likely to become sex-linked. Altogether, our genome adds to the diversity of available taxa sequenced and enables novel comparative analyses in a variety of fields, including speciation, chromosomal synteny, and sex chromosome evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Falvey, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Mello, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taft, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanerelli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hime, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexander, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glor, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geneva, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.05.668756</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromosomal Fusions and Evolutionary Forces: Exploring theNeo-Sex Chromosome System of Anolis distichus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.06.668464v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Platelets drive immune suppression and glioblastoma growth in a sex-dependent manner via PAR4 signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.06.668464v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sex differences in cancer outcome, including that of glioblastoma (GBM), are shaped by biological, hormonal, and immunological factors and impact disease progression, treatment responses, survival, and tumor microenvironment (TME) interactions. Platelets regulate the immune responses and tumor progression in many cancers, but it is not clear how they contribute to these sex-based differences by affecting the dynamics of the TME. Here, we show that GBM patients exhibit heightened platelet reactivity driven by PAR4 signaling. In murine GBM models, both pharmacological inhibition of PAR4 using BMS986120 and genetic deletion of PAR4 significantly prolong survival in females but not males. This survival advantage is estrogen dependent: it is preserved in chromosomal male-hormonal female mice within the four-core genotype model and is rescued in ovariectomized mice treated with estrogen. The survival benefit is TME specific and is mediated by platelet-driven enhancement of CD8 T cell infiltration into the tumor. Inhibition of platelet PAR4 signaling increases calcium signaling through an estrogen-dependent interaction between PAR4 and estrogen receptor {beta} (ER{beta})--a receptor interaction not previously described. PAR4-activated platelets within the TME suppress CD8 T cell function, and depletion of CD8 T cells abolishes both the tumor-induced platelet reactivity and the survival benefit conferred by PAR4 inhibition. These findings establish platelet-mediated PAR4 signaling as a critical driver of tumor progression and identify sex-specific immune responses as key to therapeutic efficacy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sloan, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bukenya, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aggarwal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosoff, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alban, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juric, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silver, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tacj, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navadgi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tannish, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scalise, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajasekar, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vincenti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mulkearns-Hubert, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horbinski, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sloan, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hubert, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubin, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stavrou, E. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lohoff, F. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nieman, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sangwan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khorana, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dhawan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cameron, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lathia, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.06.668464</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Platelets drive immune suppression and glioblastoma growth in a sex-dependent manner via PAR4 signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.06.668589v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bottlebrush Polymer Conjugates for Enhanced Antisense Oligonucleotide Therapy in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.06.668589v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Oligonucleotides are a promising genetic medicine for myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), the most common adult-onset muscular dystrophy. However, poor muscle distribution of nucleic acid drugs after systemic administration has hindered drug development, and no curative treatment exists. Additionally, DM1 pathology requires drug localization to the nucleus, where pathogenic mutant RNA is trapped, posing challenges after endocytosis and endosomal escape. Here, we show that a locked nucleic acid oligonucleotide targeting mutant CUGexp RNA tracts, conjugated to a bottlebrush polymer, exhibited improved muscle distribution and potent correction of DM1-associated splicing at low nanomolar doses in a DM1 mouse model. Significant improvements in myotonia, body weight, and grip strength were observed. The conjugates were well tolerated after 12 weeks of weekly intravenous dosing. These results suggest that bottlebrush polymer bioconjugates may overcome key limitations of traditional antisense drugs for muscular dystrophies, with the potential as potent, durable, and cost-efficient DM1 therapies.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=78 SRC="FIGDIR/small/668589v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oetheimer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heo, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneider, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nian, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sherman, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.06.668589</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bottlebrush Polymer Conjugates for Enhanced Antisense Oligonucleotide Therapy in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.06.668895v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Condensin and topoisomerases cooperate to relieve topological stress at stalled replication forks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.06.668895v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Resolving complex topological structures at replication forks is vital for successful DNA replication, but the mechanisms are little understood. Evidence from diverse eukaryotes suggests that condensin - which promotes chromosome condensation in M phase - might also act during S phase to facilitate relaxation of torsional stress by topoisomerases. Here, we show in yeast and human cells that condensin binds stressed replication forks, where it cooperates with topoisomerases I and II to promote resection of the nascent DNA and restart replication. Our findings suggest that condensin acts with topoisomerase I at reversed forks to convert positively supercoiled DNA into structures that are subsequently relaxed by topoisomerase 2, allowing the fork to resume replication. These findings uncover an important, evolutionarily conserved role for condensin in handling topological constraints at arrested forks that is reminiscent of its function in chromosome segregation and might prevent formation of toxic chromosome structures during fork arrest and reversal.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Da Mota, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delamarre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barthe, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toran-Vilarrubias, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ribeyre, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vindigni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasero, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lengronne, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.06.668895</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Condensin and topoisomerases cooperate to relieve topological stress at stalled replication forks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.07.669229v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Anticodon-edited tRNA enables translational readthrough of COL4A5 premature termination codons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.07.669229v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alport syndrome is caused by variants in COL4A3, COL4A4, or COL4A5, which encode the 345 chains of type IV collagen. These variants result in defects in the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and impaired kidney function. Nonsense variants result in truncated proteins lacking the NC1 domain, thereby preventing proper GBM assembly and function and causing the most severe forms of the disease. Restoring full-length protein expression represents a potential therapeutic strategy for Alport syndrome and related disorders. Anticodon-edited transfer RNAs (ACE-tRNAs), which promote premature termination codon (PTC) readthrough, have shown promise in diseases such as cystic fibrosis, but their application in Alport syndrome remains unexplored. To assess the potential of ACE-tRNAs for PTC readthrough of COL4A5 nonsense variants, we employed a C-terminal NanoLuc-fused COL4A5 reporter system in which luminescence is produced only upon full-length protein translation. We introduced ACE-tRNAs into HeLa and 293T cells expressing one of four COL4A5 nonsense variants (S36X, R1563X, S1632X, and R1683X) identified in patients with X-linked Alport syndrome. Readthrough efficiency was evaluated via NanoLuc luminescence and western blotting. Furthermore, we assessed the efficiency of ACE-tRNA-restored 345 heterotrimer formation using a split NanoLuc-based assay. Our results show that application of ACE-tRNAs led to restored C-terminal luminescence across all four COL4A5 nonsense variants, indicating successful readthrough and full-length translation. Moreover, the restored COL4A5 proteins formed 345 heterotrimers. These findings support ACE-tRNA-mediated nonsense suppression as a promising therapeutic strategy for Alport syndrome, with the potential to restore GBM integrity in patients harboring nonsense variants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Omachi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porter, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lueck, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miner, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.07.669229</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Anticodon-edited tRNA enables translational readthrough of COL4A5 premature termination codons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.08.669391v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrative Structural Modeling of Intrinsically Disordered Regions in a Human HDAC2 Chromatin Remodeling Complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.08.669391v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) and intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) play pivotal roles in cellular signaling, molecular recognition, and the regulation of various biological processes. These flexible and conformationally dynamic protein segments are difficult to study using structural analysis methods and computational approaches including AlphaFold. Therefore a critical challenge arises when attempting to understand the structural basis of protein-protein interactions involving IDRs. Here we demonstrate that the poorly characterized C16orf87 protein, which we rename as MHAP1, forms a stable complex with HDAC2 and MIER1. These three proteins all contain IDRs whose structure is unknown. We implemented an integrative approach combining experimental crosslinking data with computational modeling techniques (I-TASSER, HADDOCK, AlphaFold) to probe the IDR-driven assembly of the HDAC1:MIER2:MHAP1 complex and build an integrative structural model of this complex. The C-terminal domain of HDAC2, a poorly characterized IDR, promotes interactions between the ELM2 domain of MIER1 as well as the N- and C-termini of MHAP1. These results contrast with most current literature, including the results from AlphaFold alone that are missing structural information on HDAC C-domain. The approach herein can be generalized to study other complexes, emphasizing the need for integrative approaches in determining the 3D structures of IDR/IDP-driven complexes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nde, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kempf, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmermann, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cesare, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Workman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Florens, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Washburn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.08.669391</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrative Structural Modeling of Intrinsically Disordered Regions in a Human HDAC2 Chromatin Remodeling Complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.08.669280v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular response to the non-lytic peptide bac7 (1-35) triggers disruption of Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilm 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.08.669280v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Klebsiella pneumoniae is becoming increasingly difficult to treat as multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains become more prevalent. The formation of biofilm heightens this threat by embedding bacterial cells in a polysaccharide-rich matrix that limits antibiotic penetration. Here we dissect the anti-biofilm bovine host-defense cathelicidin peptide fragment bac7 (1-35), exploring its anti-biofilm mechanism, evaluating its ability to curb dissemination of hypervirulent K. pneumoniae, and testing its breadth of activity against diverse clinical isolates. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that bac7(1-35) simultaneously compromises the bacterial membrane and inhibits ribosomal function, a dual assault that precipitates rapid biofilm collapse and blocks bacterial spread. Further, the peptide eradicated biofilms produced by the strongest MDR clinical isolates in the Multidrug-Resistant Organism Repository and Surveillance Network (MRSN) diversity panel. Although bac7 (1-35) kills bacterial cells via a cytosolic mechanism, membrane interaction profiles varied among MRSN isolates, correlating with differential peptide translocation. In a delayed-treatment murine skin-abscess model, bac7 (1-35) halted in vivo dissemination of the hypervirulent strain NTUH-K2044. Collectively, these results delineate a multifaceted mode of action for bac7 (1-35) and underscore its therapeutic promise against biofilm-associated MDR K. pneumoniae infections.

Author SummaryKlebsiella pneumoniae is a top-priority pathogen for new therapies, with many strains already approaching pan-drug resistant status. Biofilm formation further complicates treatment, yet biofilm-active therapeutics have not reached the clinic, in part because we still lack a detailed understanding of how to disrupt these impenetrable structures. Antimicrobial peptides are promising candidates and have shown biofilm-disruption potential. Here we provide mechanistic insight into how a host defense peptide dismantles pre-formed K. pneumoniae biofilms. We find that the peptides dual targeting of bacterial membranes and ribosomes triggers dispersal from the biofilm state and concomitantly downregulates factors required for surface attachment and extracellular matrix production. This mechanism involves a protein that, to our knowledge, has not been characterized in K. pneumoniae. Our findings reveal a switch that can be leveraged to reprogram biofilm maintenance toward dispersal in K. pneumoniae, advancing the path to peptide-based antibiofilm therapeutics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Beckman, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santiago, F. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Echeverria, G. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinheiro, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D.T. Torres, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suits, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wantuch, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de la Fuente-Nunez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eswara, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosen, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleeman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.08.669280</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular response to the non-lytic peptide bac7 (1-35) triggers disruption of Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilm]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.08.669341v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Short-term sensory memory mediates adaptation, habituation, and a paradoxical neural-behavioral transformation in C. elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.08.669341v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Repeated exposure to stimuli elicits decreasing sensory neural responses over time (adaptation). However, resulting behavioral responses can either weaken over time (habituation) or remain invariant, indicating that the neural-behavioral link is not fixed. To investigate neural adaptation and its flexible translation into behavioral decision making, we created a mathematical framework hypothesizing (1) that sensory networks optimize the speed and accuracy of encoding exogenous stimuli, and (2) that representations form along two time scales, one embedding immediate information and the other stimulus history. Using experimental recordings of the nematode C. elegans, we validated normative model predictions of this optimal encoding strategy, specifically how neural dynamics and adaptation levels vary with stimulus timing. A parametric Bayesian decoder architecture predicted conditions leading to behavioral habituation or invariance, but also paradoxical inversion, whereby appetitive stimuli elicit aversive responses. Experiments with food odors validated that inversion behavior occurred after several repetitions with a long stimulation time and low odor concentrations. Mechanistically, during sensory neural adaptation, weaker immediate stimulus representations can be compensated by secondary processes through memory effects, with biological origins that remain to be studied.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>White, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mallik, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ching, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albrecht, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.08.669341</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Short-term sensory memory mediates adaptation, habituation, and a paradoxical neural-behavioral transformation in C. elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.08.669410v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Investigating the impacts of sidechains on de-novo protein design 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.08.669410v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
De novo protein design aims to create novel protein structures and sequences, often to enable specific functions. Most current generative models operate on simplified backbone-only representations. However, in vivo and in vitro protein folding and function are largely mediated by amino acid sidechains. Given this biochemical relevance, we ask: what happens when sidechain and sequence information are introduced into a protein generative model? To address this, we developed SiBaSe, a novel generative model that simultaneously co-designs sidechains, backbones, and sequence. SiBaSe achieves design performance approaching that of state-of-the-art backbone-only models. However, analysis of design patterns reveals that, despite access to sidechain data, the model behaves similarly to a backbone-based model. This appears to arise from uncertainties in the simultaneous modeling of sequence and sidechains that are inherent to flow-based architectures and offers new insight into architectural limitations and opportunities for improving generative protein design.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Svajda, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.08.669410</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Investigating the impacts of sidechains on de-novo protein design]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.08.669432v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Geometry of neural dynamics along the cortical attractor landscape reflects changes in attention 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.08.669432v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The brain is a complex dynamical system whose activity reflects changes in internal states, such as attention. While prior work has shown that large-scale brain activity reflects attention, the mechanism governing this association in a time-varying and task-dependent manner remains unknown. Here, we tested a hypothesis that the geometry of neural dynamics on the attractor landscape, or the movement along the "hills and valleys", reflects changes in attentional states over time and variations across controlled and naturalistic contexts. We fit a parametric dynamical systems model to fMRI data collected during rest, task performance, and naturalistic movie-watching. The model decomposes neural dynamics into components that are intrinsic versus extrinsically driven by stimuli. Model parameters were biologically meaningful, reflecting both cognitive states and individual differences. Model simulations revealed a set of attractors that mirrored functional brain networks, spanning the canonical gradient from sensorimotor to default mode network regions. The speed and direction of neural trajectories toward these attractors systematically varied across attentional states in a context-dependent manner. When participants were paying attention to effortful tasks, neural dynamics converged directly toward a task-relevant attractor, suggesting that it occupied a steeper region of the attractor landscape. In contrast, when participants were engaged in sitcom episodes, neural dynamics were in a flattened region of the landscape, directed away from the attractors. These findings demonstrate that while the positions of the attractors are largely determined by the cortical organization, the geometry of neural dynamics on the attractor landscape changes systematically across attentional states and situational contexts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Song, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Botch, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braver, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenberg, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zacks, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ching, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.08.669432</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Geometry of neural dynamics along the cortical attractor landscape reflects changes in attention]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.10.669528v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GIN-CRC-Pareto: A graph-based Pareto-optimal multi-task learning framework to identify miRNA-target interactions in colorectal cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.10.669528v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the third highest incidence among malignancies in humans and the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States. Accumulating evidence has established microRNAs (miRNAs) as critical regulators of cancer development and therapeutic response. Understanding miRNA-mRNA interactions is critical for elucidating the molecular mechanisms driving CRC and other malignancies. In this study, we proposed GIN-CRC-Pareto, a graph-based, Pareto-optimal multi-task learning framework that simultaneously predicts miRNA-mRNA binding pairs, identifies seed match pairings, and classifies seed match subtypes. By leveraging the power of graph neural networks and Pareto-optimal gradient balancing strategy, GIN-CRC-Pareto dynamically adjusted the task weights during training to optimize each task without compromising the others. Experimental results demonstrated that our framework consistently outperforms traditional deep learning models and existing state-of-the-art tools across multiple evaluation metrics, with 0.909 in accuracy, 0.909 in precision and 0.968 in AUC in the miRNA-mRNA binding pairs prediction task. Additionally, we further validated the generalizability of the framework in combination with transfer learning techniques to identify miRNA-target interactions across other cancers. These findings highlight the effectiveness of the proposed framework to comprehensively identify the miRNA-target interactions in CRC, with the potential to serve as a scalable and generalizable tool across diverse cancer types, ultimately facilitating the development of miRNA-based therapeutics for cancer treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.10.669528</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GIN-CRC-Pareto: A graph-based Pareto-optimal multi-task learning framework to identify miRNA-target interactions in colorectal cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.14.669717v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unmasking Pathogen Traits for Chronic Colonization in Neurogenic Bladder Patients 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.14.669717v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Individuals with neurogenic bladder are particularly susceptible to both chronic bacterial colonization of the bladder and urinary tract infections (UTIs). Neurogenic bladder can arise from a variety of diseases such as diabetes, spinal cord injuries, and spina bifida. To study the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of the microbiome in neurogenic bladder, we developed a longitudinal cohort of 77 children and young adults with spina bifida from two medical centers. We used enhanced urine culture, 16S rRNA sequencing, and whole genome sequencing to characterize the microbial composition of urine and fecal samples. In addition to prospective sample collection, we retrieved prior bacterial isolates from enrolled patients from Vanderbilts clinical microbial biobank, MicroVU. This allowed us to compare bacterial isolates from the same patients over a period of five years. Urine samples were characterized by high abundance of urinary pathogens, such as E. coli and Klebsiella. From longitudinal isolates from individual patients, we identified two common patterns of urinary tract colonization. We observed either the rapid cycling of strains and/or species, often following antibiotic treatment, or we observed the persistence of a single strain across timepoints. Neither persistence of a strain nor colonization with a new strain or species was associated with increased antibiotic resistance. Rather, in paired longitudinally collected strains from the same patients, mutations were identified in genes that code for cell envelope components associated with immune or phage evasion. Experimental testing revealed that O-antigen/LPS biosynthesis mutations confer protection from the immune system while altering susceptibility to phage predation, reflecting a fitness trade-off. We argue that this unparalleled cohort offers the opportunity to identify mechanisms of bacterial adaptation to the urinary tract that can be exploited in future therapeutic approaches.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Reasoner, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frainey, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hale, O. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borden, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graham, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brenes, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soderstrom, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmitz, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laub, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clayton, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hadjifrangiskou, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.14.669717</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unmasking Pathogen Traits for Chronic Colonization in Neurogenic Bladder Patients]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.17.670763v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Endothelial LRRC8C associates with LRRC8A and LRRC8B to regulate vascular reactivity and blood pressure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.17.670763v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Vascular tone is impacted by the endotheliums ability to detect mechanical and chemical stimulation. Leucine-Rich Repeat-Containing protein 8A, (LRRC8A), was previously identified as a required component of the mechanoresponsive endothelial LRRC8 complex regulating AKT-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) signaling and vascular function. While LRRC8A is broadly expressed, LRRC8B, C, D and E have tissue-restricted expression. Here, we identified 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in LRRC8C highly associated with elevated diastolic and systolic blood pressure in human genetic studies, implicating LRRC8C as a regulator of vascular function. While LRRC8A/B/C/D/E are expressed in endothelium, co-immunoprecipitation experiments from lung endothelium using Lrrc8a-3xFlag knock-in mice, Lrrc8c-HA knock-in mice and endothelium-specific Lrrc8a-3xFlag overexpression mice demonstrate the endothelial LRRC8 complex to be composed largely of LRRC8A/B/C heteromers. Lrrc8a/b/c knock-out studies in mice and knock-down studies in human umbilical vein endothelial cells show co-dependent expression of LRRC8A/B/C proteins, but not LRRC8D. Functionally, LRRC8A and LRRC8C depletion reduces endothelial volume regulatory anion channel (VRAC) currents, inhibits AKT-eNOS signaling, increases myogenic tone, impairs eNOS dependent vasodilation, and exacerbates angiotensin-induced hypertension. These data identify LRRC8A, LRRC8B and LRRC8C as components of the endothelial LRRC8 complex and reveal LRRC8C as having a non-redundant role in regulating endothelial AKT-eNOS, vascular relaxation and susceptibility to hypertension.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mauer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arullampalam, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>John, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tranter, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abd El-Aziz, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lerner, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halabi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sah, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.17.670763</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Endothelial LRRC8C associates with LRRC8A and LRRC8B to regulate vascular reactivity and blood pressure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.19.671141v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discrete Subfields and Continuous Gradients Coexist: A Multi-Scale View of Hippocampal Organization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.19.671141v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human hippocampus is studied via two competing frameworks: one dividing it into discrete anatomical subfields with distinct computational processes, and another describing it as a continuous, functional gradients along the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral axes. How these organizational principles relate to one another, particularly regarding intrinsic neural timescales of the hippocampus, remains unknown. Here, we used high-resolution resting-state fMRI to investigate how single-voxel autocorrelation, a measure of intrinsic neural timescale, maps onto hippocampal subfields. We found evidence for a hybrid organization. First, consistent with our predictions, we observed significantly higher autocorrelation (longer timescales) in the subiculum compared to the other subfields. Contrary to our hypotheses, we found that CA1, which is implicated in integration, had low autocorrelation whereas CA2/3 and CA4DG, which are linked to pattern separation, had intermediate autocorrelation. Second, we discovered that the overarching anterior-posterior and medial-lateral gradients of autocorrelation were recapitulated within each individual subfield. Finally, data-driven clusters of autocorrelation values aligned more strongly with the continuous gradients than with the discrete anatomical boundaries, particularly in the right hemisphere. These results suggest that the discrete and continuous views of hippocampal organization are not mutually exclusive but coexist across different spatial scales. We therefore propose a new comprehensive model of hippocampal function that integrates both its modular, subfield-specific properties and its graded, large-scale organization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bouffard, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moscovitch, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barense, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.19.671141</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discrete Subfields and Continuous Gradients Coexist: A Multi-Scale View of Hippocampal Organization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.16.669128v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SnakeAltPromoter Facilitates Differential Alternative Promoter Analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.16.669128v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundAlternative promoter usage regulates isoform diversity in mammals, playing critical roles in development, disease, and cellular reprogramming. While Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE) enables precise transcription start site mapping, its high cost and limited coverage hinder scalability. In contrast, RNA-seq is abundant across biological contexts; several algorithms (ProActiv, Salmon, DEXSeq) infer promoter activity from these data, yet no unified, reproducible framework exists to execute, benchmark, and compare them or to scale alternative promoter analyses across large compendia.

ResultsWe developed snakeAltPromoter, an end-to-end Snakemake workflow that ingests raw FASTQ files, performs quality control and alignment, quantifies promoter activity using three complementary strategies (junction-based, transcript-based, and first-exon-based), classifies promoters into major, minor/alternative, and inactive categories, and conducts both differential promoter activity and usage analysis. Crucially, snakeAltPromoter integrates a systematic benchmarking module against matched CAGE profiles to reveal method-specific strengths and limitations. ProActiv showed the highest concordance with CAGE in promoter classification, activity and differential analysis, Salmon was robust at low coverage and intronless cases. Overall, the complete workflow recovered a majority of CAGE-validated active promoters and processed a 50 M-read RNA-seq sample in around 2h on a 32-core node, demonstrating both accuracy and scalability.

ConclusionssnakeAltPromoter is, to our knowledge, the first reproducible framework that pairs comparative method evaluation with scalable differential alternative promoter analysis. It provides concrete guidance for method selection under different experimental scenarios and enables high-throughput mining of promoter-level regulation from public RNA-seq repositories. Code and example data are freely available at https://github.com/YidanSunResearchLab/SnakeAltPromoter.git.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barve, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payne, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Head, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.16.669128</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SnakeAltPromoter Facilitates Differential Alternative Promoter Analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.19.670585v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quinolines interfere with heme-mediated activation of artemisinins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.19.670585v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) remain the mainstay of treatment for Plasmodium falciparum malaria, despite reports of ACT treatment failure. ACTs consist of an artemisinin and a longer-lived partner drug, which is often a quinoline. Given that heme is central to the mechanism of action of artemisinins and some quinolines, we hypothesized that these antimalarials would exhibit strong drug-drug interactions. Previous studies using standard 48 h or 72 h assays identified additive to mildly antagonistic interactions between artemisinins and quinolines. Here, we sought to re-evaluate these interactions using a pulsing assay that better mimics the short in vivo half-life of artemisinins. We found that chloroquine (CQ), piperaquine (PPQ), and amodiaquine substantially antagonize dihydroartemisinin (DHA), the active metabolite of artemisinins. CQ-DHA antagonism was notably exacerbated in CQ-resistant parasites, resulting in a superantagonistic phenotype in isobolograms. Further, we found that CQ co-treatment conferred artemisinin resistance to Kelch 13 wild type parasites in the ring stage survival assay. Using a small molecule probe to measure chemically reactive heme in live parasites, we determined that quinolines block artemisinin activation by rendering cytosolic heme inert. Finally, we probed beyond traditional ACTs, evaluating interactions of the proposed triple ACT, DHA-PPQ-Mefloquine, as well as OZ439-quinoline combinations, which were all found to be antagonistic. Collectively, these in vitro data suggest that peroxide-quinolines may have liabilities as combination therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rosenthal, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldberg, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.19.670585</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quinolines interfere with heme-mediated activation of artemisinins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.20.671282v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Computational rheometry of viscoelastic networks: From random graphs to biomolecular condensates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.20.671282v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multivalent biomacromolecules including multi-domain and intrinsically disordered proteins form biomolecular condensates via reversible phase transitions. Condensates are viscoelastic materials that display composition-specific rheological properties and responses to mechanical forces. Graph-based descriptions of microstructures can be combined with computational rheometry to model the outcomes of passive and active mechanical measurements. We consider two types of network models for microstructures. In the Jeffreys model, each edge in the network is a Jeffreys element. In the Stokes-Maxwell model, each edge is a Maxwell element that is embedded in an incompressible viscous fluid that can undergo Stokes flow. We describe results from comparative assessments of the two models for individual elements, ordered lattices, random geometric graphs, structured graphs, and graphs for condensates that are extracted from coarse-grained simulations of disordered proteins. Results from deformation and relaxation tests and flow field analysis reveal how distinct length and time scales contribute to the responses of different types of networks. No single test provides definitive assessments of the connections between material properties and microstructures. Instead, a range of active and passive rheometric tests are essential for distinguishing the responses of different types of networks. Our work establishes computational rheometry as a framework for bridging disparate length and timescales to assess how molecular-scale interactions and dynamics give rise to viscoelastic responses on the mesoscale.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitra, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.20.671282</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Computational rheometry of viscoelastic networks: From random graphs to biomolecular condensates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.22.671779v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Age-related cerebello-thalamo-cortical white matter degradation and executive function performance across the lifespan 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.22.671779v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cerebellum supports higher-order cognition, such as working memory and executive function (EF) both directly and through connection with prefrontal areas via cortical loops. Thus, age-related degradation to white matter connectivity comprising cerebello-thalamo-cortical (CTC) loops may underlie age-related differences in EF. In 190 healthy adults (aged 20-94 years) we collected diffusion tensor imaging scans and multiple tests of working memory and EF. Deterministic tractography was used to generate CTC tracts from which white matter metrics (mean, radial, axial diffusivities) were extracted. General linear model results indicated that reduced white matter integrity (i.e., higher diffusivity) was associated with significantly poorer EF performance in an age-dependent fashion. Higher mean, radial, and axial diffusivities in fronto-cerebellar white matter was associated with lower EF scores in older, but not younger, adults. These findings suggest CTC white matter connectivity is important for executive function performance and lend mechanistic evidence to the role of the cerebellum in age-related differences in higher-order cognitive operations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kraft, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ortega, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoagey, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodrigue, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.22.671779</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Age-related cerebello-thalamo-cortical white matter degradation and executive function performance across the lifespan]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.20.671413v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ASAP-ID: Proximity labelling with small tags 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.20.671413v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biotinylation-based proximity labelling methods are valuable for discovering protein-protein interactions within cellular systems. However, one limitation of these approaches is that most require fusing the target protein with the enzyme that biotinylates nearby proteins (i.e., TurboID or APEX2), which risks sterically disrupting the proteins native function. Here, we present a method designed to reduce the steric impact of these fusions and offer greater flexibility in labelling modalities. The method, Antibody and Small-tag Assembly on Proteins for Interaction Detection (ASAP-ID), involves a bipartite system. Target proteins are fused to a small peptide antigen that recruits TurboID or APEX2 fused to an antibody directed to the antigen. Using two different antigen/antibody systems (SunTag and MoonTag), we show that ASAP-ID can specifically label human Lamin A in cells. The method works when the target protein and nanobody are co-expressed together in cis (ASAP-IDIC). We also demonstrate that the approach works when the antibody fusion is added in trans to fixed cells post-expression (ASAP-IDIT). ASAP-IDIT identified more than 448 known and previously undescribed interactors of lamin. We further used ASAP-IDIT to study how ALS-mutant profilin 1 affected its interactome. The method identified proteins involved in protein quality control that correlated with aggregation propensity. Moreover, the different mutants showed variation in the cellular location where aggregates formed. ASAP-IDIT revealed preferences for mitochondrial proteins for the two profilin mutants that tend to aggregate in the cytoplasm, C71G and M114T, and nuclear proteins for a mutant more prone to nuclear aggregation. These findings position ASAP-ID as a powerful addition to the proximity labelling toolkit, capable of probing subtle differences in interactomes in a less invasive manner.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lyu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruff, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ormsby, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stojanovski, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stroud, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatters, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.20.671413</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ASAP-ID: Proximity labelling with small tags]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.18.670980v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Serratia marcescens Outer Membrane Vesicles rapidly paralyze Drosophila melanogaster through triggering apoptosis in the nervous system 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.18.670980v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The pathogenicity of Gram-negative bacteria is mediated by multiple virulence factors that likely include secreted Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) that can act as a cargo for delivery of enzymes or toxins to target tissues. Here, we have studied the effects on the host of OMVs prepared from one of the most potent pathogens of Drosophila melanogaster, Serratia marcescens. OMV injection leads to the apparent demise of flies within few hours. We identify a number of host defenses that somewhat protect it from the action of OMVs, namely the systemic humoral immunity pathway Immune deficiency, Prophenol Oxidases 1&2, and the redox active enzymes Dual oxidase, NADPH-oxidase, and Nitric Oxygen Synthase. In contrast, unidentified hemocyte function(s) and the circulating protease Hayan promote the pathogenicity of OMVs. Mechanistically, we find that OMVs promote the activation of the JNK pathway and the transient expression of the pro-apoptotic genes head-involution defective and reaper in at least neurons. Our data suggest that mitochondrially-derived reactive oxygen species promote neuronal cell death that leads to the paralysis of OMV-injected flies. We identify the metalloprotease PrtA as a major virulence factor of OMVs and show that the injection of purified PrtA mimics most of the effects of OMVs. Finally, our data further indicate that PrtA contributes to the pathogenicity of injected Serratia marcescens.

This study underscores the potential for OMVs to act as virulence factors that efficiently target the nervous system in vivo despite the blood brain barrier.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sina Rahme, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruna, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Draheim, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molino, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamba, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Venanzio, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lestradet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia Vescovi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrandon, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.18.670980</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Serratia marcescens Outer Membrane Vesicles rapidly paralyze Drosophila melanogaster through triggering apoptosis in the nervous system]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.21.671607v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Investigating Neural Correlates of Emotional Regulation as a Function of Age, Race, and Socioeconomic Status 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.21.671607v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Older adults often show improved emotional regulation with age, a phenomenon known as the aging paradox. This age-related increase in emotional regulation capacity is attributed to enhanced prefrontal cortex control over amygdala reactivity. However, because racial discrimination and economic disadvantage cause chronic stress, typical age-related neural associations may be altered in marginalized groups. Using task-functional MRI data from 8,711 UK Biobank participants aged 50-78, we investigated whether age-related associations in emotion-related brain function, specifically amygdala activation and vmPFC-amygdala connectivity, varied across racial and socioeconomic status (SES) groups. We found that older age was associated with decreased amygdala activation, which is consistent with improved emotional regulation. Yet, lower socioeconomic status was associated with increased amygdala activation, suggesting heightened stress-related reactivity. No significant age-related effects on vmPFC-amygdala connectivity were observed at the population level. Black participants showed a stronger age-related decline in functional connectivity compared to other racial groups. These findings call for more inclusive and diverse neuroimaging studies to better understand brain health across marginalized groups.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shelton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barch, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bijsterbosch, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.21.671607</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Investigating Neural Correlates of Emotional Regulation as a Function of Age, Race, and Socioeconomic Status]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.21.671633v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell-cell communication as underlying principle governing color pattern formation in fishes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.21.671633v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The diverse pigmentation patterns of animals are crucial for predation avoidance and behavioral display, yet mechanisms underlying this diversity remain poorly understood. In zebrafish, Turing models have been proposed to explain stripe patterns, but it is unclear if they apply to other fishes. In anemonefish (Amphiprion ocellaris), we identified gja5b, a gene orthologous to zebrafish leopard and encoding a connexin involved in pigment cell communication, as responsible for the Snowflake phenotype. Using CRISPR/Cas9 and transgenesis, we recapitulate the Snowflake phenotype and show expression of gja5b in iridophores. A matching allele was recovered in zebrafish, revealing complementary requirements in both species. Our findings highlight conserved roles of gap junction mediated communication in pigment patterning across divergent teleosts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Klann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miura, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vianello, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ross, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watanabe, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gairin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hutto, H. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCluskey, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herrera, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solnica-Krezel, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Besseau, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pigolotti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parichy, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinoshita, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laudet, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.21.671633</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell-cell communication as underlying principle governing color pattern formation in fishes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.21.671364v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A novel homecage operant task reveals circadian dynamics of social motivation in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.21.671364v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Deficits in social motivation are a core feature of many neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders. While a range of tools have been developed to quantify social motivation in rodents, most rely on brief tests in dedicated apparatuses that can introduce stress and novelty, potentially reducing test reliability. Most current approaches are also typically not suited to studying learning across days or circadian rhythms of social motivation. To address these challenges, we developed a social operant task that can run around-the-clock for multiple days in the mouse homecage, continuously monitoring social motivation around the circadian cycle. The task consists of a custom-built automated door that was installed between two rodent homecages and configured so one mouse could trigger the door to open with a nose-poke action from within their cage. When open, the door allows for social interaction with the neighboring mouse through a perforated stainless-steel panel, which did not allow the mice to cross over into the neighboring cage. Mice opened the door multiple times each day, allowing us to quantify their amount and daily rhythms of social motivation. In our first experiment, C57BL/6J mice (both sexes) were individually housed with an empty adjacent cage for five days, after which a same-sex social partner was introduced for another nine days. Mice opened the door at significantly higher rates when the social partner was present vs. absent, confirming that mice were motivated to earn social interaction. This task also revealed a circadian rhythm to social motivation that peaked about 2 hours after the peak in their feeding rhythm. We speculate that mice first addressed their caloric needs each day before changing their priority to social behavior. Given prior literature implicating the dopamine system in social motivation, we also tested whether dopamine antagonists would block social motivation in our task in a new group of 14 mice (both sexes). The dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390 (delivered systemically at 0.3mg/kg SC) reduced social seeking without affecting locomotor activity or food intake, demonstrating a selective role for dopamine D1 receptors in social motivation. The dopamine D2 receptor antagonist haloperidol (delivered systemically at 0.3mg/kg SC) also reduced social seeking, but reduced locomotor activity and food intake as well, demonstrating a general reduction in behavior that was not specific to social motivation. Overall, our task offers a way for studying social motivation in the rodent homecage, which has advantages for studying disorders that involve both social and circadian disruptions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maloney, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kravitz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.21.671364</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A novel homecage operant task reveals circadian dynamics of social motivation in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.22.671795v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Centromere instability links genome damage to immune activation in systemic sclerosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.22.671795v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a fibrotic autoimmune disease in which genomic sources of instability and their immunological consequences remain poorly defined. We show that bleomycin, a widely used SSc fibrosis model, induces DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) at active centromeres. Similar centromeric damage signatures were observed in fibroblasts from patients with limited cutaneous SSc, consistent with prior observations. Quantification of -satellite repeat content revealed dynamic changes in repeat abundance, consistent with deletions and insertions and incomplete restoration following damage. These breaks are repaired primarily ATM-dependent, RAD51-associated homologous recombination, but repair remains incomplete. Incomplete repair is associated with altered kinetochore assembly, chromosome missegregation, and increased formation of micronuclei and cytoplasmic chromatin enriched in centromere proteins. These fragments escape via nuclear envelope rupture and show spatial colocalization with MHC class II molecules. Together, these findings establish bleomycin-induced centromere damage as a tractable model to study active-centromere instability, its incomplete repair, and the resulting chromatin mislocalization in fibroblasts, with features relevant to systemic sclerosis. Keywords: Systemic sclerosis, centromere instability, alpha-satellite DNA, DNA double-strand breaks, bleomycin, micronuclei
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Imtiaz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waseem, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Neill, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, B.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Czaja, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Contreras-Galindo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.22.671795</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Centromere instability links genome damage to immune activation in systemic sclerosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.26.671820v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Nox2 NADPH oxidase regulates neutrophilic inflammation in the oral cavity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.26.671820v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The leukocyte NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) is an important regulator of inflammatory responses, independent of its antimicrobial activity. Inactivating mutations in NOX2 cause chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), a severe immunodeficiency associated with recurrent infections and dysregulated neutrophilic inflammation. Recurrent oral ulcers, stomatitis, gingivitis, and other inflammatory issues affecting the oral mucosa have been observed in patients with CGD; however, the underlying mechanisms are not known. Here, we present evidence that the extensive inflammatory destruction of oral mucosal tissues observed in Nox2-deficient or CybbKOmice was not caused by impaired antimicrobial surveillance against oral pathobionts but instead resulted from a cell-intrinsic dysregulation of neutrophil inflammatory responses. Transcriptional and cellular profiling of oral tissues isolated from wild-type and CybbKO mice showed a dominant neutrophil signature, which was accompanied by a significant upregulation of several bone-resorbing, tissue-degrading inflammatory cytokines and a reduced expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulated genes. Mechanistically, hyperinflammatory responses were mitigated by restoring Nrf2 transcriptional activity using a synthetic agonist. Thus, our studies show that Nox2 oxidase and its derived reactive oxygen species are crucial for balanced recruitment and cell-intrinsic regulation of neutrophil inflammatory responses within oral tissues in an Nrf2-dependent manner.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singhal, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Terekhova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carey, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Artyomov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jala, V. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Idol, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dinauer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamont, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagaitkar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.26.671820</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Nox2 NADPH oxidase regulates neutrophilic inflammation in the oral cavity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.25.672167v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the intestine preferentially produce interferon lambda at homeostasis contributing to tonic localized innate immune responses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.25.672167v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The healthy intestine maintains homeostasis in part via immune responses to microbiota, which includes basal production of interferon cytokines. Previous work showed that Type III Interferon (IFN-{lambda}) stimulates localized pockets of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in the adult mouse intestinal epithelium at homeostasis that provide preemptive protection from viral pathogens. Here, we demonstrate that a major source of homeostatic IFN-{lambda} production in the intestine is a population of epithelium-associated plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC). Depletion of bacterial microbiota in the intestine also reduces pDC abundance, and pDC depletion or bone marrow reconstitution with IFN-{lambda}-deficient pDC results in reduced expression of homeostatic ISGs in the intestinal epithelium. Notably, intestinal pDC preferentially produce IFN-{lambda} over Type I IFNs whereas splenic pDC produce more Type I IFNs. Comparison of intestinal and splenic pDC reveal tissue-specific changes in gene expression and genomic accessibility, including evidence of responses to transforming growth factor beta (TGF-{beta}) in the intestine. Isolated gut pDC produce more IFN-{lambda} than splenic pDC upon stimulation, and pre-treatment of a human pDC cell line with TGF-{beta} results in enhanced production of IFN-{lambda} upon stimulation. This study demonstrates that pDC are an important source of homeostatic IFN-{lambda} in the intestine and defines the role of barrier cytokine TGF-{beta} in regulating IFN types produced by pDC upon stimulation. Reprogramming of recruited pDC by tissue cytokines may have important implications for balancing effective antimicrobial responses with damaging inflammation at barrier tissues.

One sentence summaryThis study demonstrates that pDC are an important source of homeostatic IFN-{lambda} in the intestine and defines the role of barrier cytokine TGF-{beta} in regulating IFN types produced by pDC upon stimulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Constant, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Winkle, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norwood, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mishra, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laney, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madden, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffith, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodrigues, P. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nice, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.25.672167</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the intestine preferentially produce interferon lambda at homeostasis contributing to tonic localized innate immune responses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.29.673150v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lentiviral-mediated gene complementation rescues pathogenic ABCA3 variants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.29.673150v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 3 (ABCA3) protein on the limiting membrane of lamellar bodies in alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells transports phospholipids required for pulmonary surfactant assembly. ABCA3 deficiency results from biallelic pathogenic variants in ABCA3 and causes progressive neonatal respiratory failure or childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD). Supportive/compassionate care or lung transplantation are the only current definitive treatments for ABCA3 deficiency and progressive respiratory failure. Complementing dysfunctional ABCA3 by gene addition has therapeutic potential. Previous studies show that repairing or complementing ABCA3 in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived AT2 cells rescues lamellar body morphology and surfactant phospholipid composition. Pathogenic variants disrupt ABCA3 function through altered protein trafficking (type 1) or by impaired phospholipid transport (type 2) into lamellar bodies. Here we tested ABCA3 gene complementation using a human pulmonary epithelial cell line (A549) with a genomically silenced ABCA3 locus (ABCA3KO). From this line, additional cell lines that stably express individual ABCA3 variant cDNA constructs from a single genomic locus were tested: L101P (type 1), E292V (type 2), E690K (type 2), or wild-type ABCA3. Lentiviral-mediated ABCA3 delivery to each cell line partially rescued localization to LAMP3+ vesicles, lamellar body-like structure morphology, and cell proliferation. A functional assay measuring NF-{kappa}B signaling suggested that ABCA3 complementation ameliorated aberrant inflammatory signaling in E292V or E690K (type 2) mutant lines, but not in L101P (type 1) or knockout lines. These studies highlight the therapeutic potential of gene addition as well as differences between ABCA3 pathogenic variants that may influence genetic therapy outcomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cooney, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wenger, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, F. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cole, F. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wohlford-Lenane, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hennessey, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bawa, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kotton, D. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sinn, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wambach, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCray, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.29.673150</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lentiviral-mediated gene complementation rescues pathogenic ABCA3 variants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.27.672386v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Neural Circuit for Modular Gating of Organ Somatosensation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.27.672386v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
End-organs such as the bladder rely on a delicate balance between internal urgency and voluntary restraint. However, the specific spinal circuits coordinating these functions remain poorly defined. Here, we identify a genetically defined population of lumbosacral spinal interneurons marked by Trpc4 expression that gate bladder sensory input and regulate micturition reflexes. Single-cell transcriptomics and in situ physiology reveal molecularly distinct Trpc4 subtypes. Functional manipulation reveals that Trpc4 neurons are essential for coordinating bladder-sphincter activity and gating visceral pain. Their ablation leads to bladder hypersensitivity and voiding dysfunction, while targeted activation reverses these maladaptive states. Circuit tracing reveals convergence of primary afferent and descending brainstem inputs onto Trpc4 neurons. These findings establish Trpc4 interneurons are critical for bladder sensory-motor integration and extend classical spinal gating models to encompass visceral pain and organ reflex control.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hahm, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heitmeier, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okuda, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawatani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harrigan, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morrison-Rodriguez, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petukhova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heitmeier, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samineni, V. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.27.672386</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Neural Circuit for Modular Gating of Organ Somatosensation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.28.672887v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Zebrafish sleep displays distinct sub-states 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.28.672887v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sleep is an essential and evolutionarily-conserved behavior. While mammals and several other species have been shown to exhibit well-defined sleep sub-states, some of which have been ascribed specific functions, it remains unclear to what extent such differentiation exists across the animal kingdom. Here we show, using long-term behavioral data combined with Hidden Markov Modeling, that larval zebrafish display distinct deep and light sleep sub-states. Although both states occur primarily at night, fish respond differently to sleep deprivation and arousing stimuli depending on which sleep sub-state they are in. Moreover, the proportions of deep and light sleep are selectively altered by genetic and pharmacological manipulations of melatonin, serotonin, and norepinephrine signaling, offering new insights into how these neuromodulators shape sleep architecture. These results support zebrafish as a tractable model for dissecting the regulation and function of sleep sub-states. More broadly, they demonstrate that structured, multi-state sleep is a conserved feature of vertebrate behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tripathi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oikonomou, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prober, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodhill, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.28.672887</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Zebrafish sleep displays distinct sub-states]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.03.672211v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
JARID2 Inhibition Reprograms Human Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells To Enhance Bone Marrow Transplantation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.03.672211v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a common treatment for many blood disorders and can be a life-saving therapy for patients with leukemias, lymphomas and multiple myeloma. Umbilical cord blood (UCB) serves as a valuable source of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) for transplantation, particularly for patients lacking a matched donor. However, the limited number of repopulating cells in UCB units restricts its clinical utility. Our prior studies showed that genetic deletion of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) co-factor Jarid2 in mouse multipotent progenitors (MPPs) conveyed ectopic self-renewal capacity. Here, we hypothesized that the function of human HSPCs could be enhanced through JARID2 inhibition. In this study, we demonstrate that both constitutive and transient knockdown of JARID2 increases the number and enhances the functionality of human HSPCs both in vitro and in vivo. This phenotype was distinct from inhibition of EZH2 in UCB cells, suggesting the mechanism was independent of PRC2 co-factor activity of JARID2. Mechanistically, JARID2 knockdown promotes a quiescent, long-term self-renewal gene expression program governed by upregulating STAT1 and characterized by an MHC class II immunophenotype. Analogous to mice, these mechanisms conferred HSC-like potential to human MPPs in vivo. Taken together, these findings highlight JARID2 inhibition as a novel and reversible approach to expand functional UCB-derived HSPCs ex vivo, potentially improving access to stem cell transplantation for a wider patient population.

One Sentence SummaryGenetic inhibition of JARID2 enhances repopulating activity of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in vivo via STAT1 upregulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Han, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bjeije, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Celik, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rettig, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Issa, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xavier Raj, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parsons, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burkart, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arand, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Challen, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.03.672211</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[JARID2 Inhibition Reprograms Human Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells To Enhance Bone Marrow Transplantation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.03.672723v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mapping of the hSOX10 protein interactome in human melanoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.03.672723v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The transcription factor SOX10 is a central regulator of melanoma biology, influencing tumor initiation, progression, phenotypic plasticity, and therapeutic resistance. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these diverse functions remain incompletely understood. To elucidate the protein-protein interactions (PPIs) that mediate SOX10 activity in melanoma, we mapped the human SOX10 (hSOX10) interactome for the first time in human melanoma cells (A375 line). Given the challenges of capturing transient and weak transcription factor interactions, we employed miniTurbo (mT) proximity-dependent biotinylation coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). Stable A375 cell lines expressing N- and C-terminal mT-tagged hSOX10 fusion proteins at physiologically relevant levels were generated, enabling unbiased biotinylation and MS-based identification of candidate interacting proteins. This approach revealed 847 melanoma-enriched candidate interactors, including 213 high-confidence hits. These included both known hSOX10 partners and previously unidentified putative interactors. Functional annotation of our hSOX10 interactome highlighted associations with chromatin remodeling, transcriptional regulation, SUMOylation, and DNA damage response pathways. Western blot validation of select interactors supported the robustness of our dataset. This first comprehensive map of the hSOX10 interactome in melanoma provides a critical foundation for future investigations into SOX10-driven transcriptional networks and their potential as therapeutic targets and biomarkers in melanoma.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Newsom-Stewart, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhatt, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Major, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufman, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.03.672723</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mapping of the hSOX10 protein interactome in human melanoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.01.673308v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chemo-mechanotherapy of fibrosis: dynamic control of biological materials through tissue-architecture-dependent crosslink disruption 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.01.673308v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness drives cell fate, but tissues are nonlinear and difficult to modify chemically without harming patients. Here, we show that nonlinear mechanical responses of fibrous and porous tissues can be controlled by mechanically modulating crosslinks. Through integrated in vivo, in vitro, and computational approaches, we found that physiological dynamic stretching disrupts pathological advanced glycation end-product (AGE) crosslink-induced fibrogenesis in an architecture-dependent manner. This was effective in lung-like porous scaffolds but not in liver-like fibrous matrices, revealing a critical structure-property relationship. Computational and in vitro models established that this modulates cell-ECM feedback, and that controlling mechanical crosslinking modulates key nonlinearity of networked solids. This discovery inspired a non-invasive, "mechanotherapuetic" ventilation protocol, which reversed pulmonary fibrosis in mice by physically disrupting ECM pathological crosslinks. The therapeutic efficacy was further amplified when combined with pharmacological AGE inhibition. These findings establish design principles for dynamically reprogrammable biological materials and mechano-targeted therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, X.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genin, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.01.673308</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chemo-mechanotherapy of fibrosis: dynamic control of biological materials through tissue-architecture-dependent crosslink disruption]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.01.673596v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A neural network with episodic memory learns causal relationships between narrative events 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.01.673596v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Humans reflect on memories to make sense of ongoing events. Past work has shown that people retrieve causally related memories during comprehension, but the mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. Here, we used a recurrent neural network augmented with a key-value episodic memory buffer and trained it to predict upcoming scenes while watching a television episode. At each time step, the model transformed the current scene into a value representing memory content and a key representing memory address, both stored as episodic memory. The model retrieved selective past values by applying self-attention over stored keys and integrated these memories with the current scene representation to generate predictions. The model retrieved memories similar to those retrieved by human participants watching the same episode during fMRI. Importantly, this similarity disappeared when causal relationships between events were controlled for. The model also represented causally related events with similar patterns, similar to how the human brain represents these events. These findings suggest that using two distinct memory representations allows the model to retrieve memories and organize events based on causal relationships, beyond semantic or perceptual similarities. Together, this work proposes a key-value episodic memory system as a candidate computational mechanism for how humans retrieve causally related memories to comprehend naturalistic events.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Song, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leong, Y. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenberg, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ching, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zacks, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.01.673596</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A neural network with episodic memory learns causal relationships between narrative events]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.06.674646v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural computations of visual, semantic, and memorability features in the human brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.06.674646v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Object recognition requires integrated processing that extends beyond the visual cortex, incorporating semantic and memory-related processes. However, it remains unclear how different attributes, such as visual, semantic, and memorability features, are encoded and interact during perception. Here, we recorded intracranial electroencephalography from 5143 channels while participants viewed natural object images. We systematically characterized the spatiotemporal patterns of neural encoding for visual, semantic, and memorability attributes and showed that memorability was encoded in a distributed manner, which can be dissociated from visual and semantic coding. While the ventral temporal cortex (VTC) was engaged in encoding all three attributes, the representations were dissociable. Interestingly, memorability representations in the prefrontal cortex appeared to arise from integrated visual and semantic signals from the VTC; and memorability influenced early stages of visual and semantic processing. Our results were corroborated by high-resolution 7T fMRI, which revealed continuous encoding across the brain, and further validated using a separate dataset featuring within-category object variability. Lastly, single-neuron recordings confirmed semantic and memorability coding in the medial temporal lobe. Together, these findings provide a comprehensive view of how visual, semantic, and memorability attributes are dynamically encoded across the brain, highlighting the complex interplay between these attributes that collectively shape object recognition and memory formation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunner, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willie, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.06.674646</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural computations of visual, semantic, and memorability features in the human brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.07.674755v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unfolded protein response signaling promotes myeloid cell production and cooperates with oncogenic mutation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.07.674755v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Unfolded protein response (UPR) promotes protein homeostasis under endoplasmic reticulum stress. UPR signaling has numerous functions in metabolism, cancer, immunology, and neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies also showed that UPR signaling has important roles in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell biology. However, whether UPR signaling regulates hematopoietic lineage fate decision remains elusive. Here, we found that Fc{gamma}R- MPP3 generates erythroid lineage and Jak2V617F mutation leads to overproduction of erythroid cells by expanding Fc{gamma}R- MPP3. We showed that UPR signaling increases myeloid cell production through promoting Fc{gamma}R- MPP3 transition to granulocyte/macrophage progenitor producing Fc{gamma}R+ MPP3 at the expense of erythroid lineage via the XBP1 pathway. Under a disease condition, UPR signaling cooperates with Jak2V617F mutation and exacerbates disease phenotype in a mouse model of polycythemia vera (PV) through the ATF4 pathway. Activation of UPR signaling also increased myeloid output in healthy donor bone marrow MPP cells while skewing the output towards erythroid lineage in PV patient bone marrow MPP cells. Together, our results identify a novel function of UPR signaling in hematopoietic lineage specification and provide critical insights into targeting UPR signaling in hematological malignancies.

Key pointsO_LIUPR signaling promotes myeloid cell production at the expense of erythroid lineage in steady state.
C_LIO_LIUPR signaling collaborates with Jak2V617F mutation and increases red blood cell production.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Choi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, S.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paik, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cox, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, Y.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.07.674755</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unfolded protein response signaling promotes myeloid cell production and cooperates with oncogenic mutation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.04.674013v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
miR-146a is a Pleiotropic Regulator of Motor Neuron Degeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.04.674013v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons. Here, we have profiled motor neuron microRNAs (miRNAs) during motor neuron degeneration in vivo to gain a better understanding of ALS pathophysiology. We demonstrate that one miRNA, miR-146a, is downregulated in diseased motor neurons despite upregulation in bulk tissue. Genetic deletion of miR-146a significantly extended survival in SOD1G93A mice with heterozygous animals demonstrating the largest benefit. A corresponding reduction in spinal cord gliosis but not motor neuron loss was observed. Finally, we observed that a proportion of miR-146a knockout animals develop spontaneous paralysis, motor neuron loss and chronic neuroinflammation with advanced age. Together these findings demonstrate that a single miRNA influences multiple aspects of motor neuron disease and highlights the complex role for neuroinflammation in ALS pathogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Galloway, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patterson, H. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoye, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shabsovich, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schoch, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ly, C. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.04.674013</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[miR-146a is a Pleiotropic Regulator of Motor Neuron Degeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.06.674668v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-resolution single-cell RNA sequencing using canFam4 reveals novel immune subsets and checkpoint programs in healthy dogs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.06.674668v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) enables high-resolution profiling of immune heterogeneity. Although previous studies have mapped the single-cell transcriptomic atlases of peripheral leukocytes in healthy dogs, the identification and functional characterization of distinct immune subsets remain incomplete. We constructed a single-cell atlas of peripheral leukocytes from six healthy small-breed dogs using the 10x Genomics platform and the updated canFam4 genome. Analysis of 30,040 high-quality transcriptomes revealed 51 distinct immune subsets, including CD14{square}CD33{square} monocytes, XCR1{square}CD1D{square} dendritic cells, CEACAM1{square}CD24{square} neutrophils, and IL32{square}BATF{square} regulatory T cells, which were underrepresented in canFam3.1-based studies. Interferon-enriched CD14{square} monocytes and CD4{square} T subsets associated with myxomatous mitral valve disease were also identified. Functional analysis revealed that PDCD1 attenuates TCR signaling, LAG3 modulates malate metabolism in CD4{square} T cells, and suppresses TBX21 in CD8{square} T cells associated with viral response. CD274 encoding PD-L1 was linked to IL-10 production in neutrophils, and CTLA4 represented an initial activation of double-negative T subsets. T cell exhaustion scores and proliferative fractions varied across cohorts, reflecting differences in environmental antigenic exposures. Our study represents the first comprehensive, gene-resolved single-cell analysis that reveals immunoregulatory checkpoint mechanisms underlying immune homeostasis in healthy dogs. Our dataset will serve as a valuable resource for future comparative and translational immunology research in dogs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borcherding, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolb, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, W.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.06.674668</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-resolution single-cell RNA sequencing using canFam4 reveals novel immune subsets and checkpoint programs in healthy dogs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.10.675369v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tumor Genotype Dictates Mitochondrial and Immune Vulnerabilities in Liver Cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.10.675369v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although oncogenic alterations influence tumor metabolism, how they impose distinct metabolic programs within a shared tissue context remains poorly defined. Here, we developed a rapid mitochondrial profiling platform to compare metabolites and proteins in genetic models of primary liver cancer (PLC). Analyses of six genetically distinct PLCs revealed that mitochondrial energy metabolism is largely dictated by oncogene identity. Kras-driven tumors required creatine metabolism to buffer energy demands during early tumorigenesis, whereas c-MYC-driven tumors relied on oxidative phosphorylation. Among c-MYC-driven PLCs, Pten-deficient tumors accumulated mitochondrial phosphoethanolamine, a precursor for phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) synthesis. Inhibition of PE synthesis selectively impaired the growth of Pten-deficient tumors and extended survival, in part through enhanced infiltration of CD8 T cells and sensitization to TNF-mediated cytotoxicity. Mechanistically, loss of PE elevated surface TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2), promoting TNF signaling and pro-inflammatory response. These findings uncover genotype-specific mitochondrial metabolic liabilities and establish PE synthesis as a tumor-intrinsic mechanism of immune evasion in PLC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Unlu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Millet, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wangdu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donne, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erdal, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DelGaudio, N. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uygur, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fecke, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cansiz, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tarcan, Z. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isay-Del Viscio, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kilic, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurth, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molina, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sickmann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basturk, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beyaz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lujambio, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tasdogan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tavazoie, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birsoy, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.10.675369</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tumor Genotype Dictates Mitochondrial and Immune Vulnerabilities in Liver Cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.10.675376v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Innate detection of Salmonella replication triggers caspase-8-dependent apoptosis via TLR-driven TNF signaling and NLRC4-mediated sensing of the SPI-2 Type III secretion system 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.10.675376v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Salmonella enterica comprises over 2500 serovars that are responsible for over 90 million annual infections and 100,000 deaths worldwide. Despite this diversity, our understanding of innate immune responses to Salmonella is based on extensive study of a few serovars, primarily Typhimurium, including strains that cannot replicate within primary murine macrophages. Non-replicating Salmonella trigger caspase-1 and -11-dependent pyroptosis. Whether the innate immune system distinguishes between replicating and non-replicating intracellular Salmonella is poorly defined. Here we demonstrate that replicating Salmonella enterica induce a distinct pathway of TNF- and caspase-8-driven apoptosis via host TLR4 and Salmonella Pathogenicity Island-2 activity. This pathway is independent of gasdermin D and involves the apoptotic pore protein Pannexin-1. Combined loss of Pannexin-1 and gasdermin D resulted in defective control of systemic Salmonella, indicating that these pathways function together to promote anti-Salmonella host defense. Altogether, our findings uncover a previously unappreciated pathway by which macrophages sense intracellular replicating bacteria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Herrmann, B. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zamba-Campero, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Sillas, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yost, W. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterson, L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roncaioli, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rankin, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schifferli, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravichandran, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brodsky, I. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.10.675376</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Innate detection of Salmonella replication triggers caspase-8-dependent apoptosis via TLR-driven TNF signaling and NLRC4-mediated sensing of the SPI-2 Type III secretion system]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.11.675340v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An Inducible CRISPRi system for phenotypic analysis of essential genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.11.675340v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Precise and tunable genetic tools are essential for high throughput functional genomics. To address this need in the important gram-negative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we developed and characterized a tightly regulated CRISPRi system that enables precise and tunable repression of essential genes. The system utilizes a rhamnose-inducible promoter to control both the Streptococcus pasteurianus-derived dCas9 and gene-specific sgRNAs, each encoded on separate plasmids for modularity and efficiency. The combination of tight regulation and high conjugation efficiency facilitated the rapid and facile construction of strains with regulated depletion of 16 essential genes spanning diverse pathways. Comparison of phenotypes across the different genetically depleted strains, including growth rate, susceptibility to antibiotics, and changes in transcriptional programs, revealed novel aspects of gene function or small molecule mechanism of action. Finally, the rhamnose-inducible CRISPRi system supports the generation and stable maintenance of pooled mutant libraries, thereby paving the way for future genome-wide, systematic assessment of individual gene vulnerabilities, which will provide critical insights for target prioritization in antibiotic discovery efforts against this recalcitrant pathogen.

IMPORTANCECRISPRi has become an invaluable tool for studying genetics. In particular, the ability to knockdown genes enables the study of essential genes and their role in cell survival. However, a tightly regulated gene knockdown system is required to gain valuable insights into these vulnerable genes by virtue of their essentiality. We report a tightly regulated CRISPRi system to study the biology of essential gene perturbations in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an important gram-negative pathogen that causes severe infections and is increasingly resistant to current antibiotics. This system enables characterization of both chemical genetic interactions between small molecules and specific gene depletions, and the impact of genetic perturbations on transcriptional networks. Genetic perturbations using CRISPRi can thus further our understanding of basic biology with translation towards future antimicrobial development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sullivan, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrara, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrick, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romano, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warrier, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hung, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.11.675340</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An Inducible CRISPRi system for phenotypic analysis of essential genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.09.675071v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TREM2 macrophages are associated with enhanced response to PD-1 blockade in human hepatocellular carcinoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.09.675071v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Macrophages are known to dampen tumor immunity. However, identifying druggable targets that modulate these cells to improve existing immunotherapies has been limited by a dearth of studies identifying macrophages that associate with pathological response to immune checkpoint blockade. To fulfill this unmet clinical need, we leveraged transcriptional and spatial profiling of specimens collected from a Phase II clinical trial studying neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We determined that the intratumoral abundance of TREM2-expressing macrophages and serological levels of soluble TREM2 are elevated in patients who responded to PD-1 blockade, compared to non-responders. We validated these findings in a second HCC cohort and in the IMbrave150 trial. These highlight the robust potential for TREM2 macrophages to predict therapeutic responses of HCC to immunotherapy. Therefore, our study provides a novel basis for the use of TREM2 macrophages to strategize treatment for patients with HCC to maximize therapeutic benefit.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hamon, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Berichel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soong, B. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buckup, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hennequin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindblad, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mattiuz, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figueiredo, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tabachnikova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dawson, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'souza, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Troncoso, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ioannou, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Price, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giladi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barboy, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozbey, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cappuyns, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reid, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donne, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marvin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stefanos, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merand, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halasz, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hegde, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guerin, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ni, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atwal, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lansky, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jamal, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chin, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malissen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desland, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ward, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiel, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brody, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dekervel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.09.675071</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TREM2 macrophages are associated with enhanced response to PD-1 blockade in human hepatocellular carcinoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.11.675696v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A framework to detect positive selection using variant effect predictions reveals widespread adaptive evolution of human neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.11.675696v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Detecting positive selection is essential to understanding evolution. Many methods to detect positive selection use simple classifications of genetic variants (e.g. synonymous/nonsynonymous). Here, we propose that these methods can be considered special cases of a more general framework to detect positive selection with any variant effect prediction method. Using evolutionary conservation and deep learning-based variant effect predictions, we apply this framework genome-wide in the human lineage and identify positive selection on protein sequences of genes involved in brain and heart development, chromatin accessibility in binding sites of dozens of transcription factors, and non-coding substitutions in compact genomic regions with reinforcing cell type-specific effects on cis-regulatory activity. Consistently, the dominant theme was positive selection on genes regulating neuronal connectivity, suggesting that fine-scale changes in brain wiring were essential to the evolution of human cognition. Overall, this framework represents a powerful, versatile tool to investigate adaptive evolution across the tree of life.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Starr, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nichols, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraser, H. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.11.675696</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A framework to detect positive selection using variant effect predictions reveals widespread adaptive evolution of human neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.12.675912v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CryoPhold: CryoEM meets AlphaFold and molecular simulation to reveal protein dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.12.675912v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Here we are introducing CryoPhold, a modular workflow that unifies AlphaFold-based ensemble generation, Bayesian reweighting against experimental cryo-EM maps, molecular simulation, and machine learning to quantify conformational populations and identify structural fingerprints that govern protein functions. Proteins are inherently dynamic, interconverting among conformational states that govern their function. Perturbations such as mutations, ligand binding, and pH changes modulate these dynamics and are implicated in many diseases. While cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has transformed structure determination, it typically yields an averaged density map representing a static snapshot. A central challenge remains capturing the thermodynamics underlying protein motions and corresponding structural fingerprints that modulate function. CryoPhold enables Bayesian reweighting of AlphaFold-generated structural ensembles against experimental cryo-EM maps, generating posterior structural ensembles that are consistent with experimental data while preserving conformational heterogeneity. Molecular simulations seeded from the posterior ensemble capture time-dependent dynamics, while machine learning models trained on featurized molecular simulation data identify structural fingerprints ("hotspots") that modulate protein dynamics. Finally, Markov state models trained on featurized molecular simulation data quantify metastable state populations and free-energy landscapes. By integrating a generative AI-based protein structure prediction model, experimental cryo-EM density, physics-based sampling, and machine learning, CryoPhold enables dynamics paradigm to capture biomolecular motion. The workflow enables prediction of equilibrium populations and structural fingerprints governing conformational dynamics in human transporter protein, GlyT1. It further captures structural changes and population shifts associated with oncogenic BRAF mutants, key driving factors behind melanoma progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bhakat, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vats, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mardt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strauch, E.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.12.675912</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CryoPhold: CryoEM meets AlphaFold and molecular simulation to reveal protein dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.12.675913v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Commonality and Variability in Functional Networks In Young Children Under 5 Years Old 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.12.675913v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Functional brain networks support human cognition, yet how individualized network architecture emerges in early childhood remains poorly understood. Averaging across participants can obscure age-specific organization and person-to-person differences, particularly in slowly developing association cortices. We developed an age-appropriate functional reference that captured common structure across toddlers without averaging away individual variability, enabling estimation of each childs networks from resting-state fMRI.

Across cohorts of 8-60-month-old children, we found individualized network organization--including finer-scale subdivisions and emerging language lateralization--well before age five. Network layouts showed longitudinal stability, with greater consistency in sensory than association regions. Within-network connectivity was stronger and explained age-related variance when networks were defined using individualized rather than group-consensus topography. Left-lateralization of language networks tracked age-normalized verbal ability, linking early functional architecture to emerging cognition. These findings show that behaviorally relevant brain networks arise far earlier than previously recognized, providing a foundation for studying typical development and early biomarkers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tu, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Day, T. K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hermosillo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dierker, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Latham, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kenley, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fair, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elison, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sylvester, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warner, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luby, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barch, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smyser, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laumann, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eggebrecht, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wheelock, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.12.675913</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Commonality and Variability in Functional Networks In Young Children Under 5 Years Old]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.08.674969v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stem-like Prostate Remodeling in Obesity Mediates Resistance to 5α-Reductase Inhibition Therapy in BPH 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.08.674969v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is closely associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Although 5-reductase inhibitors (5ARIs) are widely used to treat BPH, their effectiveness varies significantly, particularly in obese patients. However, the mechanisms by which obesity affects prostate growth and modulates therapeutic responses remain poorly understood. In mice, highfat diet (HFD) increased prostate weight and induced SRD5A2-independent epithelial remodeling with expansion of proximal urethral luminal epithelial cells. ScRNA-seq of prostate tissues from Srd5a2null and control mice on HFD showed enrichment of proximal stem-like populations, reduced androgen signaling, and activation of WNT and NOTCH pathways via heightened stromal-epithelial crosstalk. Clinically, BMI gain, regardless of 5ARI use, correlated with transition zone growth, stronger activity of stem-cell signatures, reduced SRD5A2, and androgen signaling downregulation. Xenium spatial profiling indicated that BMI gain expands stem-like epithelial populations and a NOTCHenriched periepithelial stromal niche surrounding epithelial compartments, supporting stemness. Patients with substantial BMI gain were less responsive to 5ARI, whereas weight control plus 5ARI therapy synergistically improved outcomes. In conclusion, BMI gain promotes proximal prostate enlargement through an SRD5A2-independent stem-like cell mediated pathway that blunts 5ARI efficacy. Combining pharmacotherapy with weight control yields superior efficacy and supports individualized management of BPH.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Long, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharkey, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleishman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korets, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gershman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rayala, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olumi, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>wang, z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.08.674969</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stem-like Prostate Remodeling in Obesity Mediates Resistance to 5α-Reductase Inhibition Therapy in BPH]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.09.675266v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Delineation of a novel assembly intermediate in retroviral integration pathway 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.09.675266v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Retroviral integration is mediated by viral integrase (IN) which synapses two viral long terminal repeat (LTR) DNA ends and produces a series of nucleoprotein complexes known as intasomes. While structural studies of mature intasomes have illuminated key aspects of their architecture and provided insights into the integration reaction, the sequence of events driving IN oligomerization and engagement of the viral DNA pairing remains unclear. Here, using complementary biochemical and biophysical approaches, including ensemble and single molecule FRET, we reveal that integration progresses through a key transient intermediate that leads to the mature intasome. We demonstrate that Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) intasome assembly pathway proceeds through a tetrameric intermediate where two IN dimers engage a single DNA end. This complex subsequently oligomerizes to form mature functional octameric intasome in which two DNA ends are juxtaposed for concerted integration. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the stepwise pathway of retroviral integration and define a previously uncharacterized intermediate critical for intasome maturation.

Graphical abstract

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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chadda, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bera, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghoneim, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Melo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grandgenett, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antony, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pandey, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.09.675266</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Delineation of a novel assembly intermediate in retroviral integration pathway]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.10.675443v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evaluating Language Models for Biomedical Fact-Checking: A Benchmark Dataset for Cancer Variant Interpretation Verification 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.10.675443v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurate interpretation of genomic variants is critical for precision oncology but remains slow and dependent on specialized expertise. Public knowledgebases such as the Clinical Interpretation of Variants in Cancer (CIViC) help by curating literature-backed variant interpretations in a structured form, yet verification and review have become major bottlenecks. To address this, we developed CIViC-Fact, a benchmark dataset and pipeline for testing automated systems that verify the accuracy of cancer variant claims. CIViC-Fact links structured claims to sentence-level supporting or refuting evidence from full-text articles, and includes expert annotations and explanations.

We evaluated multiple language models. Proprietary models performed well without training, but a smaller open-source model, fine-tuned on CIViC-Fact, achieved the highest accuracy (89%). Applying our fact-checking pipeline to real CIViC entries showed that reviewing less than 20% of content, focusing on flagged entries, would be sufficient to catch over half of all errors. This AI-assisted triage greatly accelerates the review process without replacing or reducing expert insight, ensuring that existing careful oversight remains in place while curators can work more efficiently. CIViC-Fact provides a realistic, high-consequence framework for biomedical fact-checking and a path toward more rigorous and efficient knowledgebase curation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Reisle, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grisdale, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krysiak, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danos, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khanfar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pleasance, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saliba, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanos, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, N. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMichael, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venigalla, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffith, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffith, O. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, S. J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.10.675443</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evaluating Language Models for Biomedical Fact-Checking: A Benchmark Dataset for Cancer Variant Interpretation Verification]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.11.675436v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systematic evaluation of metatranscriptomic differential gene expression in silico, in vitro, and in vivo enables elucidation of inter-species cross-feeding 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.11.675436v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metatranscriptomic (MTX) sequencing quantifies gene expression from the collective genomes of microbial communities (microbiomes), enabling assessment of functional activity rather than functional potential. While differential expression testing is essential for RNA-sequencing analysis, current metatranscriptomic approaches have only been benchmarked on simulated data, resulting in a lack of standard practices for analysis of real datasets. Here, we use mock communities (defined mixtures of microbial cells with known properties) to quantitatively assess robustness and susceptibility of current approaches to various confounders including organisms low relative abundance, differential abundance, low prevalence, global transcriptional output changes, and compositional effects. We show that no current method is robust to all confounders and method performance on simulated data does not generalize to real datasets. We then apply the same approaches to MTX datasets generated from gnotobiotic mice colonized with defined consortia of human bacterial strains and show that the method nominated by the mock community comparisons successfully inferred cross-feeding dynamics that were subsequently validated in vitro. Finally, using metagenome-assembled genomes from a human clinical study, we leverage genome-level sequencing depth and detection of genes to exclude low information samples on a per-organism basis to overcome confounding low prevalence and enhance differential expression inference.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McNulty, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, H.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hibberd, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.11.675436</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systematic evaluation of metatranscriptomic differential gene expression in silico, in vitro, and in vivo enables elucidation of inter-species cross-feeding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.11.675613v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A single-cell immune atlas of primary and secondary lymphoid organs in pigs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.11.675613v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has revolutionized understandings of cellular identities and functions due to the ability to study transcriptome-wide gene expression within individual cells. Multi-tissue scRNA-seq atlases have generated holistic understandings of body-wide cell dynamics and serve as key foundational resources for further scientific studies across a variety of species. Pigs are a valuable biomedical model, and pork is an essential global food source, but minimal understanding of immune cell identities and functions across anatomical locations limits agricultural and health advancements in pigs. To address current limitations, we apply scRNA-seq to create an atlas of immune cells recovered from key immune tissues including primary lymphoid organs (bone marrow and thymus) and secondary lymphoid organs (lymph node and spleen). Thymus data was compared to a previously published scRNA-seq dataset of pig thymus and shared a general consensus while also identifying several new thymic cell populations. Comparison of spleen to a human splenic scRNA-seq dataset also revealed conserved features, including two subsets of innate lymphoid cells conserved between pigs and humans. Spatial reconstruction of lymph node structure from scRNA-seq data revealed follicular organization with similar cell type distributions and cell signaling interactions to those in human lymph nodes. To expand accessibility of the scRNA-seq atlas for biological query, we deploy an interactive application and demonstrate its use for non-computational exploration of diverse cell populations recovered from bone marrow. Overall, results expand current foundational understandings of immune cell identities and functions in pig lymphoid organs and demonstrate pig-to-human immune similarities to consider for future research applications. Materials associated with this work are made readily accessible for others to investigate individual queries requiring foundational knowledge pertaining to pig immunity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wiarda, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kapoor, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sivasankaran, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Byrne, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loving, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuggle, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.11.675613</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A single-cell immune atlas of primary and secondary lymphoid organs in pigs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.12.675896v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Life in the fast lane: Functional consequences of male-female dynamic differences in the renal autoregulation of flow 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.12.675896v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) is essential for the renal auto-regulation of flow. TGF is known to induce spontaneous oscillations in single-nephron tubular fluid flow in male kidneys. However, male-female differences in this dynamic behavior have not been studied. Leveraging intravital two-photon microscopy, resting-state magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound-based and transdermal recordings, we found TGF-mediated oscillations across spatial scales in the rodent kidney, from single-nephron to whole-organ levels, and that male kidneys exhibited higher operating frequencies than females. To understand the mechanisms involved, we developed a dynamical systems model of TGF that agrees with physiological observations. Analysis of the mathematical model indicated that higher reabsorption rate and fluid flow efficiency in male proximal tubules not only result in higher frequencies, but also render male nephrons more susceptible to lose TGF-mediated oscillations. Furosemide abolished TGF-mediated oscillations in male kidneys and upregulated tubular injury marker KIM-1, suggesting that the propensity to lose TGF-mediated oscillations underlies the heightened risk for injury in males. Our analysis also indicated that SGLT-2 inhibition confers renoprotection by preserving TGF-mediated oscillations in hyperglycemia. Combining quantitative imaging and mathematical modeling, this study provides mechanistic insights into the transition from normal physiology to pathophysiology in the kidney.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xiong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garfinkel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baldelomar, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrows, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonough, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porat-Shliom, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deeds, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.12.675896</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Life in the fast lane: Functional consequences of male-female dynamic differences in the renal autoregulation of flow]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.14.675619v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Membrane potential and feedback dynamics regulate CatSper-mediated progesterone signaling in human sperm 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.14.675619v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Activation of the sperm-specific Ca2+ channel CatSper by progesterone evokes rapid changes in intracellular Ca2+ in human sperm that are required for fertilization. However, the mechanisms regulating the progesterone-induced Ca2+ signals have remained elusive. Here, we used quantitative kinetic fluorimetry with fast voltage-sensitive fluorescent indicators to investigate how progesterone affects the membrane potential (Vm) of human sperm. Additionally, we employed the FASTM technique to simultaneously record at millisecond time resolution changes in both Vm and intracellular Ca2+. We show that progesterone evokes a rapid pulse-like depolarization and repolarization. The depolarization is caused by Ca2+ influx through CatSper, which pulls Vm away from a resting membrane potential (Vrest) of -65 mV set by the sperm-specific K+ channel Slo3. We further show that Vm- and Ca2+-dependent mechanisms limit the CatSper-mediated Ca2+ influx, thereby promoting repolarization and enabling K+ efflux through Slo3 channels to restore Vrest. Our findings demonstrate that non-genomic progesterone signaling in human sperm is regulated by negative feedback on CatSper and involves a dynamic interplay between CatSper and Slo3 in controlling Vm. We anticipate that our novel kinetic, quantitative Vm recording and Vm/Ca2+-multiplexing techniques will reveal additional molecular mechanisms underlying CatSper-mediated Ca2+ signaling in human sperm both in health and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kierzek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fridman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biagioni, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaupp, U. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brenker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strünker, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.14.675619</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Membrane potential and feedback dynamics regulate CatSper-mediated progesterone signaling in human sperm]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.15.676127v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distribution of big tau isoforms in the human central and peripheral nervous system 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.15.676127v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveTo characterize the distribution of "big tau," a longer tau isoform expressed in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and select central nervous system (CNS) regions, and to examine its relationship with aging and neurodegeneration.

MethodsWe performed mass spectrometric sequencing of big tau sequence and mapped its distribution across the human nervous system. Postmortem samples included brains from Alzheimers disease (AD), disease controls, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); spinal cord from young controls, disease controls and ALS; and peripheral nerves. Big and small tau levels were also quantified in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from young normal controls, amyloid positive and amyloid negative participants.

ResultsHuman  big tau results from the insertion of 355 amino acids in the tau protein, encoded by the exon 4a-long and not exon 4a-short. Alternative splicing of exons 2, 3, and 10 generates multiple big tau isoforms, expanding the known human tau repertoire. Total tau concentration is [~] 1000-fold higher in the brain than in PNS, where big tau rises sharply along a central-to-peripheral gradient, comprising [~] 50 % of total tau in peripheral nerves compared to only [~] 1 % in brain. CSF big tau levels remain unaltered with CSF A{beta} abnormalities in AD, unlike the small tau isoform, which increases significantly with concomitant A{beta} and cognitive abnormalities.

InterpretationBig tau exhibits a distinct distribution in the human nervous system, decoupled from the changes associated with brain-derived small tau in AD. These findings open opportunities for developing specific blood-based biomarkers to differentiate CNS versus PNS disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Koppitsetti, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barthelemy, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horie, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ly, C. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koutarapu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melendez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sato, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghoshal, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karch, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bateman, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukherjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.15.676127</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distribution of big tau isoforms in the human central and peripheral nervous system]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.16.676393v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ARID1A and ARID1B safeguard B cell identity, prevent myeloid transformation and expose therapeutic vulnerabilities in lymphoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.16.676393v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromatin remodeling by the SWI/SNF complex is essential for hematopoietic lineage commitment and differentiation. While core subunits ARID1A and ARID1B are frequently mutated in B cell malignancies, their functions remain unclear. Recent work established ARID1A- dependent functions within germinal center (GC) B cells, but its role during early B cell development, and whether its homolog, ARID1B, contributes distinct or compensatory roles at steady state or during transformation, remain unknown. Here, we used CD19-Cre-mediated deletion initiated at the pro-B cell stage to investigate their role in B cell development in vivo. Loss of either gene partially blocked B cell differentiation, reducing immature/recirculating B cell output, and impaired germinal center formation following antigen challenge. Combined deletion further reduced peripheral B cells, shortened survival, and resulted in aggressive leukemia. Unexpectedly, the malignancy was of myeloid origin and arose from a subset of CD19-expressing multipotent progenitors (MPPs). Arid1a/Arid1b-deficient MPPs exhibited abnormal expansion, reduced colony formation, and dysregulation of stemness and lineage-priming programs, including diminished CBFA2T3 (ETO2) and Fli1 signatures. In established B cell lymphoma cells in vitro, double ARID1A/ARID1B loss modestly affected cell growth, whereas loss of ARID1A increased sensitivity to EZH2 inhibition. Transcriptomic analyses revealed alterations in cell adhesion/migration pathways, cytokine-receptor interactions and DNA repair mechanisms. Collectively, these findings reveal stage-specific and compensatory roles for ARID1A and ARID1B in B cell development, uncover a mechanism by which SWI/SNF loss in MPPs redirects transformation towards myeloid leukemia, and suggest context-dependent therapeutic vulnerabilities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, P. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, Y.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Souroullas, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.16.676393</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ARID1A and ARID1B safeguard B cell identity, prevent myeloid transformation and expose therapeutic vulnerabilities in lymphoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.17.676899v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PIEZO channels link mechanical forces to uterine contractions in parturition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.17.676899v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractMechanical forces are extensively involved in pregnancy and parturition, but their precise roles and mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we identify mechanically activated ion channels PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 as key mechanotransducers required for labor progression. Genetic deletion of Piezo1 and Piezo2 in mice resulted in weakened uterine contractions and severe parturition defects. Tissue-specific knockouts revealed that deletion in either the uterus or sensory neurons alone caused modest defects, whereas combined loss significantly impaired labor, demonstrating additive effects. Single-nuclei sequencing showed that loss of PIEZO reduced expression of connexin43 (Gja1), a gap junction protein in uterine smooth muscle cells, suggesting a mechanistic link to impaired contraction. These findings highlight the critical role of PIEZO channels in mechanotransduction during parturition and suggest therapeutic targets for labor dysfunction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kini, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mishkanian, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seradj, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leung, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rocio, S.-V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keenan, W. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sonmez, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yarishkin, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez-Alavez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lipomi, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petrascheck, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frolova, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>England, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patapoutian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.17.676899</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PIEZO channels link mechanical forces to uterine contractions in parturition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.18.674129v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Determination of α-Synuclein Protein Interactions by μMap Photo-proximity Labeling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.18.674129v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fibrillar aggregates of the natively disordered protein -synuclein (S) are hallmarks of Parkinsons disease and related neurodegenerative disorders termed synucleinopathies. Here, we used micromap ({micro}Map) photo-proximity labeling to determine the interactomes of S monomers and fibrils in mouse brain lysate to better understand both the loss of healthy function and gain of toxic function aspects of synucleinopathies. Several S variants were synthesized and characterized, showing that the small size (1 kDa) of the Ir catalyst attached through a Cys-maleimide linkage makes it minimally-perturbing to S, with a narrow labeling radius that allows one to identify interactome differences between different regions of S. Monomer and fibril interactomes were compared to each other and to previous proximity labeling data sets for validation and several examples of further investigations are demonstrated, including Western blotting, super-resolution microscopy, and {micro}Map in primary neurons.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lougee, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fowler, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fazelinia, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spruce, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yanagawa, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, V. M.- Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lakadamyali, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petersson, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.18.674129</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Determination of α-Synuclein Protein Interactions by μMap Photo-proximity Labeling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.18.677115v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extracellular matrix chemistry tunes bacterial biofilm metabolism and optimizes fitness 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.18.677115v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chemically complex extracellular matrices define cellular microenvironments and shape cell behavior. We hypothesized a composition-properties-function relationship in these natural living materials, where interactions among matrix components govern material properties and cellular physiology. Using Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms as a model system, we show that electrostatic interactions between the cationic polysaccharide Pel and extracellular DNA (eDNA) regulate retention of pyocyanin (PYO), a redox-active metabolite that supports anaerobic metabolism via extracellular electron transfer (EET). Biofilm-mimetic hydrogels and natural biofilms revealed that altering Pels charge via pH adjustment or chemical acetylation, or tuning the Pel:eDNA ratio, predictably modulates PYO retention and EET efficiency. Functionally, a lower Pel:eDNA ratio enhances metabolism under oxygen limitation, whereas a higher ratio promotes survival under antibiotic stress. These findings highlight how matrix chemistry encodes tunable material properties that confer biofilm fitness advantages and establish a materials-based framework for understanding extracellular matrices in multicellular communities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Squyres, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duong, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reichhardt, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newman, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parsek, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.18.677115</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extracellular matrix chemistry tunes bacterial biofilm metabolism and optimizes fitness]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.16.676608v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Clonal dynamics shaped by diverse drug-tolerant persister states in melanoma resistance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.16.676608v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most advanced melanomas initially respond to targeted therapy but eventually relapse. Rather than acquiring new mutations, resistance is driven by drug-tolerant persister cells that enter a reversible drug-refractory state. We developed MeRLin, a high-resolution lineage tracing platform integrating cellular barcoding, single-cell transcriptomics, RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and computational analyses to track clonal and transcriptional dynamics in patient-derived melanoma models during prolonged therapy. Clonal dynamics revealed that persister subpopulations first responded to treatment but persisted and expanded during minimal residual disease, ultimately leading to tumor recurrence. Pre-treatment melanoma populations diversified into four conserved persister states characterized by stress-like, lipid metabolism, PI3K signaling, and extracellular matrix remodeling programs associated with adaptive resistance. Spatial transcriptomics showed the organization of these adaptive programs and a complex signaling network of autocrine and paracrine interactions among persister subpopulations. Barcoded RNA-FISH enabled spatial mapping of clonal identity and gene expression, revealing in situ co-localization of a dominant resistant clone with SLC2A1 expression. MeRLin provides a robust framework for dissecting cancer heterogeneity and identifying vulnerabilities in persister populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaster, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunne, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Promi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fingerman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reale, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patterson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thacker, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salazar, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villanueva, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raj, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoon, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bin, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madzo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Auslander, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herlyn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.16.676608</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Clonal dynamics shaped by diverse drug-tolerant persister states in melanoma resistance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.18.676988v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Local translation of circular RNAs is required for synaptic activity and memory 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.18.676988v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are enriched in synapses and implicated in cognitive processes, and recent studies have shown that circRNAs can encode micropeptides, which suggests that there may be novel synaptic proteoforms in the brain that await discovery. Here we report widespread learning-induced local circRNA translation in the prefrontal cortex of male C57BL/6 mice. More than 1500 synapse-enriched circRNAs contain active IRES elements, with 842 interacting with the ribosome and 241 exhibiting direct evidence of activity-induced translation. We discovered a synapse-enriched micropeptide (P1) that is derived from a single exon circRNA, the mRNA host of which encodes an enzyme associated with protein repair. Although P1 is only a third of the size of the full-length protein, it is locally expressed, enzymatically active, and interacts with plasticity-related proteins, including CaMKII. In addition to direct effects on synaptic activity, targeted P1 knockdown impairs whereas its overexpression enhances fear extinction memory. These findings shed new light on the  dark proteome in the brain and reveal local circRNA translation as a novel mechanism of plasticity and memory.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liau, W.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walsh, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Musgrove, M. R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davies, J. W. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zajackowski, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madugalle, S. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marshall, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voineagu, I. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sultana, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-k.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anggono, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, H. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bredy, T. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.18.676988</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Local translation of circular RNAs is required for synaptic activity and memory]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.18.677119v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A multi-omic atlas of human autonomic and sensory ganglia implicates cell types in peripheral neuropathies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.18.677119v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of many ganglia including sympathetic ganglia (SG) and dorsal root ganglia (DRG). These ganglia house the cell bodies of diverse PNS neurons that transmit autonomic and sensory signals, as well as a much larger number of non-neuronal cells. However, the molecular and cellular diversity of these human PNS cell types and their implications in human disease remain elusive. By generating an integrated single-cell multi-omic atlas of human SG and DRG, we provide comprehensive transcriptional and epigenomic landscapes of various cell types in these peripheral ganglia. While the major cell types and their cell-type-specific transcriptional and epigenomic features are similar between human SG and DRG, we identify key differences between SG and DRG cell types. These differences highlight the distinct molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying their specific functions. We also profiled key genomic regulatory networks that govern cell-type-specific gene expression in these peripheral ganglia. Moreover, by mapping the expression and chromatin accessibility of disease-associated genes in human SG and DRG, we identify cell types that may underlie various peripheral neuropathies. This atlas serves as a valuable resource for understanding the intricate cell-type-specific molecules and interactions in the human PNS and their implications in human health and diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dourson, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meriau, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Del Rosario, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slivicki, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertels, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payne, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mwirigi, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Copits, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cavalli, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chamessian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gereau, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.18.677119</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A multi-omic atlas of human autonomic and sensory ganglia implicates cell types in peripheral neuropathies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.19.677092v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Strain-level differences in Gardnerella urinary tract persistence and pathogenesis are consistent with comparative phylogenomic analyses. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.19.677092v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundGardnerella is a genus of gram variable anaerobic bacteria that is commonly present in the female urogenital tract, especially during bacterial vaginosis (BV). BV is linked with increased risk of urinary tract infections (UTI) and Gardnerella has been frequently detected in urine collected directly from the bladder. Understanding the contribution of Gardnerella to urogenital pathogenesis has been complicated by its genetic heterogeneity and a shortage of data from in vivo models. Recently, a clinical isolate of Gardnerella displayed covert pathogenesis in a mouse urinary tract inoculation model, triggering urothelial exfoliation and promoting UTI by uropathogenic E. coli. Data from clinical studies suggests differential association of Gardnerella phylogenetic clades with BV or urogenital infections. In vitro data has demonstrated heterogeneity in the presence and expression of putative virulence determinants between Gardnerella strains. This study was designed to compare diverse Gardnerella strains in vivo to identify genomic variation associated with urinary tract persistence and pathogenesis.

MethodsEighteen Gardnerella clinical isolates from each of the four main phylogenetic clades were individually inoculated transurethrally into female C57BL/6 mice. Bacteriuria was monitored by quantitative culturing of Gardnerella in urine. Pathologic features were assessed by immunofluorescent and histological staining of bladder tissues. Pan-genome phylogenetic analyses were performed on the 18 Gardnerella isolates used for mouse infections to identify accessory genes that were associated with observable in vivo phenotypes, including long and short-term persistence, urothelial exfoliation and bladder edema. Genes that were significantly associated to phenotype were then matched against a pangenome analysis of 291 publicly available Gardnerella genomes to determine the conservation of these putative colonization and virulence factors across the genus.

ResultsGardnerella strains displayed clear differences in persistence and pathogenesis in the mouse bladder that were congruent with phylogeny. Clade 2 strains were more persistent in the urinary tract whereas strains from the other three clades either caused transient bacteriuria or were undetectable. Strains from clade 2 and 4 induced urothelial exfoliation while edema was triggered by strains from clades 2, 3 and 4. Pangenome analyses revealed 45 genes that were associated with in vivo persistence and pathogenicity. Among the wider 291 publicly available genomes, clade 2 strains encoded more of the genes associated with bacteriuria phenotypes compared to strains in the other three clades. Exfoliation-associated genes were present in most clade 4 strains. Clade 3 strains lack most of the in vivo-associated genes, whereas clade 1 strains were more heterogenous.

ConclusionsThis study provides in vivo evidence for differential urinary tract colonization and pathogenesis by strains from different clades/species within the genus Gardnerella and identifies new putative persistence and virulence factors. Utilizing the in vivo data from tested strains, pangenome analyses predicts that clade 2 Gardnerella are the most likely to persist in the urinary tract and that clades 2 and 4 have the highest uropathogenic potential. These findings inform future targeted screening and treatment approaches aimed at limiting harmful Gardnerella urinary tract exposures
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kumar, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whang, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Potter, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.19.677092</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Strain-level differences in Gardnerella urinary tract persistence and pathogenesis are consistent with comparative phylogenomic analyses.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.17.676674v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Advanced Deep Learning Enables Prediction of Allogeneic Stem Cell Mobilization Success 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.17.676674v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) transplantation offers a potentially curative therapy for aggressive hematologic malignancies and bone marrow failure syndromes. Successful transplantation depends on effective mobilization of donor CD34+ cells, yet some healthy donors fail to achieve adequate CD34+ yields despite standard granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-based regimens. Early identification of such donors enables timely intervention, improving transplantation outcomes and reducing healthcare costs. We analyzed demographic and pre- and post-G-CSF laboratory data from 1,160 healthy donors from across multiple institutions and developed two complementary machine-learning frameworks to predict mobilization outcome. A transformer-based probabilistic model (TabPFN) trained on baseline complete blood counts (CBCs) rigorously discriminates poor from good mobilizers. Applying the same architecture to donor data after mobilization attains near-perfect discrimination. To unify the predictions across time points, we introduce an attention-aware neural network that ingests either baseline or post-mobilization data via a "lab-type" context flag, enabling accurate prediction of poor mobilizers both before and after GCSF mobilization. We further validated the framework on data from over 19,000 healthy donors compiled by the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research. These interpretable models enable early triage and "just-in-time" rescue interventions, providing a data driven foundation for personalized donor mobilization strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Adil, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piccirillo, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, H. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sica, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiPersio, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hurwitz, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.17.676674</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Advanced Deep Learning Enables Prediction of Allogeneic Stem Cell Mobilization Success]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.17.676905v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evaluating the Efficacy of Propofol Against Isoniazid-Induced Seizures: A Comparative Study with Diazepam and Pyridoxine in Swiss Albino Mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.17.676905v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveAcute isoniazid toxicity causes refractory seizures due to pyridoxine deficiency-mediated gamma-aminobutyric acid depletion. While pyridoxine is the established antidote, its limited availability in emergency settings necessitates alternative treatments. This study aimed to evaluate the anticonvulsant efficacy of propofol, a GABA A receptor agonist and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, compared to pyridoxine and diazepam in isoniazid-induced seizures in mice.

MethodsThirty-two Swiss albino mice were pretreated with: (1) normal saline (10 mL/kg), (2) pyridoxine (300 mg/kg), (3) propofol (50 mg/kg), or (4) diazepam (2.5 mg/kg), followed by isoniazid (300 mg/kg) after 30 minutes. All drugs were administered intraperitoneally. Seizure latency, duration, time to death, and survival were monitored for 120 minutes. Outcomes were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier/log-rank tests and ANOVA with Tukeys post-hoc test.

ResultsIsoniazid induced seizures and 100% mortality in the control group. Pyridoxine did not prevent seizures or improve survival (8/8 seizures and deaths). Propofol failed to improve seizure frequency, latency, duration, mortality, or time to death (8/8 seizures and deaths). Diazepam significantly reduced seizure frequency and mortality to 1 of 8 mice (p < 0.001), and delayed seizure onset.

ConclusionPretreatment with either propofol or pyridoxine failed to protect against isoniazid-induced seizures and death in mice. In contrast, diazepam was effective in preventing both seizures and death. Further studies are needed to investigate different propofol administration protocols and alternative animal models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sohal, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaushal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mullins, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.17.676905</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evaluating the Efficacy of Propofol Against Isoniazid-Induced Seizures: A Comparative Study with Diazepam and Pyridoxine in Swiss Albino Mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.18.677221v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intermediately Methylated Regions in Normal Cells Are Epimutation Hotspots in Cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.18.677221v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DNA methylation is altered in all cancers, but the mechanisms responsible for these changes are not well understood. Using data from 100 primary samples, we show that regions with intermediate methylation in normal hematopoietic cells are hotspots for stable, clonal epimutations in acute myeloid leukemia. Analysis of hematopoietic stem cell clones demonstrated that intermediate methylation at epimutation hotspots reflects random allele-specific methylation and expression at the single cell level, representing a previously unrecognized form of somatically acquired imprinting. We identified somatically imprinted regions in other tissues and show they are epimutation hotspots in other cancer types. This demonstrates that random allele-specific methylation is both a general property of normal cells, and a vulnerability that renders them susceptible to cooperating events and clonal selection during cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mahgoub, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abel, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davarapalli, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Struthers, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kotnik, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markovic, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fronick, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fulton, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meers, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spencer, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.18.677221</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intermediately Methylated Regions in Normal Cells Are Epimutation Hotspots in Cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.19.677423v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neuronal Activity in Orbitofrontal Cortex during Trinary Choices under Risk 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.19.677423v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Economic choice entails computing and comparing the subjective values of different goods. Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is thought to contribute to both operations. However, previous work focused almost exclusively on binary choices, raising the question of whether current notions hold for multinary choices. Here we recorded from rhesus monkeys making trinary choices. Offers varied on three dimensions - juice flavor, quantity, and probability. In these experiments, quantity and probability varied continuously within a preset range. Animal choices were generally risk seeking and satisfied independence of irrelevant alternatives (IIA) - a fundamental assumption in standard economic theory. Different neurons encoded the values of individual offers, the choice outcome, and the chosen value - i.e., the same variables previously identified under binary choices. In addition, other cell groups encoded the chosen probability and the chosen hemifield. Notably, the activity of offer value cells reflected the risk attitude and fluctuated from session to session in ways that matched fluctuations observed behaviorally. In other words, the activity of these neurons reflected the subjective nature of value. Importantly, the representation of decision variables in OFC was invariant to changes in menu size - a property that effectively implies IIA.

SIGNIFICANCEOrbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is necessary for the computation and the comparison of subjective values underlying economic choices. However, most previous studies examined choices between two options, and it remains unclear whether current notions apply to multinary choices. Barretto-Garcia and colleagues recorded from the OFC of monkeys choosing between three juice flavors offered in variable quantities and probabilities. Animals choices were consistent with the independence of irrelevant alternatives (IIA) - a condition necessary for rational behavior. Different neurons in OFC encoded the values of individual offers, the choice outcome, and the chosen value. The activity of value-encoding cells reflected the animals risk attitude. Importantly, the representation of decision variables was invariant to changes in menu size - a property that effectively implies IIA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barretto-Garcia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Padoa-Schioppa, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.19.677423</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neuronal Activity in Orbitofrontal Cortex during Trinary Choices under Risk]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.18.676878v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RIPK1 regulates beta-cell fate via actions on gene expression and kinase signaling in a mouse model of beta-cell self-reactivity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.18.676878v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic {beta}-cells, insulin insufficiency, and hyperglycemia. Receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) is a multifunctional regulator of cell fate with kinase and scaffolding functions, and we previously identified RIPKs as regulators of {beta}-cell cytotoxicity in vitro. Here we report that Ripk1 expression is increased in islets from aged non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice and {beta}-cells from T1D donors, suggesting that RIPK1 may drive cytokine- and autoimmune-mediated {beta}-cell demise in T1D. Using NIT-1 {beta}-cells derived from NOD mice, we observed that TNF+IFN{gamma} increase RIPK1 phosphorylation, caspase 3/7 activity, and cell death. In contrast, this cytotoxicity was blocked with small molecule RIPK1 inhibition or in Ripk1 gene-edited (Ripk1{Delta}) {beta}-cells. Co-labeling of caspase 3/7 activation and cell death in single cells revealed protection from caspase-dependent and -independent forms of death in Ripk1{Delta} cells. RNAseq uncovered differential cell death-, immune-, and identity-related gene expression, and kinome profiling identified changes in MAPK, Eph, JAK, and other kinase activity associated with protection from cell death in RIPK1 deficient {beta}-cells. Furthermore, in vitro co-culture assays and in vivo adoptive transfer experiments revealed that NIT-1 Ripk1{Delta} cells were protected from autoimmune destruction by splenocytes isolated from diabetic NOD mice. Collectively, our findings indicate that RIPK1 promotes {beta}-cell demise in response to cytokine and autoimmune stress via actions on gene expression and kinase signaling.

Therapeutics targeting RIPK1 may provide novel opportunities for prevention or treatment of autoimmune diabetes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Contreras, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukherjee, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris-Kawano, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mather, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amarsaikhan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berryhill, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peyton, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kundu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colglazier, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Branco, R. C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angus, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Templin, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.18.676878</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RIPK1 regulates beta-cell fate via actions on gene expression and kinase signaling in a mouse model of beta-cell self-reactivity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.18.677154v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Myofibroblastic CAFs arising from bone-resident osteoblast precursors retain an osteolineage signature and support breast cancer progression via Osterix-mediated signaling. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.18.677154v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a major component of the breast cancer (BC) microenvironment, involved in tumor progression and resistance to therapy. Despite the recent identification of multiple CAF subtypes with unique functions, it remains unclear whether each subtype arises from a distinct precursor or a shared common progenitor. Here, we identified a unique subpopulation of myofibroblast CAFs (myCAFs) arising from committed Osterix (Osx)+ osteoblast progenitors in the bone, recruited to primary tumors in both murine BC models and BC patients. Osx+myCAFs exhibit strong protumorigenic features and retain osteoblastic gene expression, which distinguishes them from OsxnegCAF subsets. Osx drives the expression of extracellular matrix remodeling genes and promotes tumor growth via the secretion of MMP13, a key Osx target gene. Finally, we find that increased Osx+myCAFs and a stromal osteolineage gene signature correlate with poor therapeutic response and reduced BC patient survival.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Furesi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eul, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morikis, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malachowski, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khantakova, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antonova, A. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colonna, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Longmore, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Artyomov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faccio, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.18.677154</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Myofibroblastic CAFs arising from bone-resident osteoblast precursors retain an osteolineage signature and support breast cancer progression via Osterix-mediated signaling.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.18.677242v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
3D-printing-assisted, microfabricated devices reveal hierarchical and temporal mechanosensing in high-density fibroblast culture 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.18.677242v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding how cells integrate mechanical forces across multiple directions, length scales, and timescales remains a fundamental challenge in mechanobiology. Deciphering how cells integrate this information is particularly important in the context of wound healing, where the timing and duration of the fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition can determine healing outcomes. Here, we discovered that fibroblasts in engineered tissues respond to directional anisotropy in stress through a hierarchical temporal cascade, with individual cell elongation (24 hr) preceding collective alignment (40 hr), which then drives -smooth muscle actin expression and myofibroblast transition (96h). To enable this discovery, we developed a modified hydrogel-assisted stereolithographic elastomer (HASTE) prototyping platform to incorporate a detergent that improves wettability of template agar hydrogels by poly(dimethylsiloxane) elastomer. HASTE allowed rapid prototyping of intricate 3D micropost arrays that provides isotropic (8-post) versus anisotropic (4-post) boundary conditions. Fibroblasts sensed and responded to stress directionality before bulk tissue reorganization occurs. Computational modeling predicted steady-state activation patterns based on initial stress anisotropy rather than magnitude, and our experiments reveal that reaching this state requires sequential mechanosensitive processes operating across distinct timescales. This temporal hierarchy persists even when extensive cell-cell contacts might be expected to mask matrix-mediated mechanical signals. Our findings demonstrate that fibroblast mechanosensing involves adaptive responses encoded through progressive cell and tissue reorganization. Results provide insight into how nanoscale mechanosensing scales up to direct tissue-level organization, with implications for understanding wound healing, understanding fibrosis, and engineering functional tissue replacements.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ramahdita, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jafari, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pobee, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhatka, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pear, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuftan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elson, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genin, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alisafaei, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huebsch, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.18.677242</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[3D-printing-assisted, microfabricated devices reveal hierarchical and temporal mechanosensing in high-density fibroblast culture]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.21.677601v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Soybean aphids exploit abscisic acid signaling to suppress jasmonate defense responses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.21.677601v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryO_LISoybean aphids (Aphis glycines) can induce susceptibility on soybean (Glycine max) during colonization. However, the mechanism for this process is not known. Based on previous transcriptome analyses, we hypothesized that aphids block effective jasmonate (JA) defenses by inducing an antagonistic abscisic acid (ABA) signal.
C_LIO_LITo test this hypothesis, we used a combination of gene expression analyses, measurements of hormone levels, and aphid bioassays on plants with reduced expression of ABA-related genes.
C_LIO_LIAphid feeding attenuated JA responses in soybean plants and facilitated the growth of a chewing herbivore. Aphid-treated plants had increased levels of cis-JA but not biologically active JA-isoleucine, and aphid feeding induced expression of genes associated with JA-Ile catabolism. In parallel, aphid-feeding induced higher levels of ABA. ABA treatment and knockdown lines impaired in ABA biosynthesis (aba2-RNAi) or signaling (scof-1-RNAi), showed that ABA suppressed wound-induced JA responses. Aphid populations were significantly reduced on ABA-deficient plants and aphid-regulated attenuation of JA signaling was abolished in these lines. Remarkably, plants defective in ABA signaling had increased JA signaling in the absence of stressors.
C_LIO_LIOur results indicate that, in soybean, the ABA pathway is necessary to control basal levels of JA and soybean aphids exploit this ABA-JA antagonism to suppress plant defenses.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hohenstein, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanobe, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Natukunda, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallardo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kovinich, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helms, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tooker, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacIntosh, G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.21.677601</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Soybean aphids exploit abscisic acid signaling to suppress jasmonate defense responses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.21.677655v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single nucleus multiomic atlas of human dorsal root ganglia reveals the contribution of non-neuronal cell types to pain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.21.677655v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sensory neurons residing in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) transmit sensory information such as pain, itch, touch, pressure and bodily position to the central nervous system. The activity of sensory neurons is regulated by non-neuronal cell types in the DRG, including satellite glial cells (SGCs), immune cells and fibroblasts. Dysregulated gene expression in DRG cells contributes to sensory nervous system disorders such as chronic pain. Understanding the genetic underpinnings of these conditions requires dissecting transcriptional regulation in human tissue. In this study, we profiled transcriptomic and chromatin accessibility landscapes from postmortem human DRG (hDRG) samples at single-nucleus level. We demonstrate that sequencing depth significantly impacts downstream analysis, with deeper sequencing yielding more detected cells and features, improved data integration, refined clustering and annotation, and more accurate scientific interpretations. We identified nine major cell types, defined their molecular signatures, and mapped cis-regulatory landscapes. Integration of gene expression with chromatin accessibility enabled peak-gene association and transcriptional network analyses, revealing transcription factors, their target genes, regulatory elements and potential partners that cooperatively drive cell-type-specific gene expression programs. This integrative approach identified cell types, genes, and cis-regulatory regions potentially driving pain conditions. Our unbiased genome-wide analysis not only recovered known pain-related genes but also highlighted novel candidate genes and regulatory regions implicated in pain mechanisms. Importantly, our results demonstrate that non-neuronal cells, including endothelial cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, and SGCs, play critical roles in pain pathogenesis and should be investigated as therapeutic targets.

One Sentence SummaryOur work provides a comprehensive single-nucleus multi-omic atlas of human dorsal root ganglia, uncovering novel cell-type-specific regulatory mechanisms and candidate therapeutic targets for pain, thereby directly advancing translational insights into human sensory disorders and chronic pain pathogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meriau, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naz, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murray, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dourson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mwirigi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Del Rosario, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payne, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slivicki, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertels, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chamessian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Copits, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gereau, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cavalli, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.21.677655</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single nucleus multiomic atlas of human dorsal root ganglia reveals the contribution of non-neuronal cell types to pain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.21.677607v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deciphering acquired resistance mechanisms to sustained auxin-inducible protein degradation in cells and mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.21.677607v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Targeted protein degradation is a favorable strategy for studying the immediate downstream effects of protein loss-of-function. An appealing platform among these technologies is the auxin-inducible degron (AID) system. Although this system has been applied extensively to cell and animal models, degradation resistance to long-term auxin treatment has not been studied. With the advent of the new AID2 system, cellular toxicity due to the high concentrations of auxin required in the original AID1 system is no longer a concern, making it possible to study protein degradation over extended periods. In this study, we derived multiple miniAID-tagged knock-in human cell lines and a Ctcf-miniAID knock-in mouse strain to investigate mechanisms of degradation resistance. We revealed four independent resistance mechanisms, including a nonsense mutation in the CTCF coding sequence that removed the miniAID peptide, a missense point mutation in the miniAID coding region that disrupted ubiquitin complex targeting, and silencing of the OsTIR1 adaptor protein. Resistance to auxin degradation was also acquired in mouse primary CtcfminiAID/miniAID knock-in B-ALL cells through missense mutations of the OsTIR1(F74G) protein in vivo and ex vivo. In summary, our innovative study expands our understanding of the AID system and cautions careful consideration of design for future applications in mammalian system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyle, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, B.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goo, Y. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sublett, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pruett-Miller, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.21.677607</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deciphering acquired resistance mechanisms to sustained auxin-inducible protein degradation in cells and mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.22.677864v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neuroanatomical Correlates of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.22.677864v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundSchizophrenia is characterized by widespread structural brain abnormalities, but associations between structural abnormalities and negative symptom severity are not well understood. Negative symptoms have been conceptualized in a hierarchical structure of two second-order dimensions--motivation and pleasure (MAP) and expression (EXP)--and five first-order domains: anhedonia, avolition, and asociality (MAP), and blunted affect and alogia (EXP). A better understanding of the neural circuitry underlying negative symptom dimensions and domains is important given their reported association with poor functional outcome and lack of available treatments.

Study DesignThe meta-analysis included 1,591 individuals with schizophrenia across 16 samples with structural imaging and Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms data. The study generated correlations of cortical thickness and subcortical volumes with the negative symptom dimensions and domains.

Study resultsNegative symptoms showed mainly negative associations with cortical thickness and subcortical volumes. The effect sizes were small but there was a pattern of associations in predominantly frontal lobe cortical thickness and limbic subcortical volumes. The regional correlation patterns of cortical thickness and subcortical volumes with symptom domains support the conceptualized hierarchical structure of negative symptoms: correlations of MAP domains were stronger with the MAP than EXP dimension, and vice versa. Exploratory analyses with receptor densities further supported the hierarchy.

ConclusionOur findings reveal small but consistent associations between negative symptom dimensions and predominantly prefrontal region cortical thickness, and limbic region volumes.

These findings advance our understanding of the network of anatomical regions that may contribute to the severity of negative symptoms in schizophrenia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kamalakannan, S. M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Male, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yilanli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lella, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quide, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cairns, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carr, V. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Catts, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henskens, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jablensky, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loughland, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michie, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mowry, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pantelis, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shall, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belger, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bustillo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ford, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathalon, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preda, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Potkin, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satterhwaite, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gur, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gur, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banaj, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vecchio, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piras, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piras, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ehrlich, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernardoni, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borgwardt, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cobia, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alpert, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agartz, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonsson, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaiser, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clotet, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salvador, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaramillo, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.22.677864</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neuroanatomical Correlates of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.22.677406v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Colonization of vineyards by non-Saccharomyces yeast species without evolution of copper and sulfite resistance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.22.677406v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Humans have generated ecological and environmental disturbances, such as vineyards, across the globe. Disturbed environments create widespread and repeated selective pressures that can drive colonization and local adaptation in microbial species. We investigated the distribution of fermentative yeast species in vineyards compared to nearby arboreal habitats and measured their resistance to two commonly used vineyard antimicrobials, copper and sulfite. We analyzed 4,101 strains, representing 70 species, collected from grapevine- and oak-associated substrates at 17 vineyard and 20 non-vineyard sites in the USA and Slovenia. Species frequency varied with geography and substrate, but the majority of species commonly present in vineyards were also found in non-vineyard arboreal environments, representing a potential source for vineyard colonization and exploitation of sugar from grapes. Species varied in both copper and sulfite resistance, but only Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed elevated resistance in vineyard compared to non-vineyard samples. Our results indicate that S. cerevisiae has uniquely taken advantage of vineyard environments through adaptations that appear either unnecessary or inaccessible to other yeast species present in vineyards.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fay, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dashko, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyma, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Volk, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahman, N. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Longan, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butinar, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piskur, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.22.677406</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Colonization of vineyards by non-Saccharomyces yeast species without evolution of copper and sulfite resistance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.23.677935v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiple Epigenetic Mechanisms Functionally Cooperate to Silence Expression of Somatostatin Receptor Type 2 in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.23.677935v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are a rare and understudied set of cancers, with increasing incidence. Neuroendocrine tumors are unique in the fact that they express high levels of the somatostatin receptor type 2 (SSTR2), which represents a target for both tumor imaging and therapeutics. PNET grade inversely correlates with SSTR2 tumor staining and higher tumor grade is associated with poor patient prognosis. With no known mutations, SSTR2 expression is believed to be lost through aberrant epigenetic mechanisms. Enhanced knowledge of the epigenetic biology and players controlling SSTR2 expression may allow for identification of novel PNET imaging and treatment modalities. Through in-depth studies, we found that the specific de novo DNA methyltransferase (DNMT), DNMT3B, is responsible for SSTR2 gene CpG methylation and silencing. Using DNMT3B as a starting point, along with the concept of functional crosstalk between various epigenetic mechanisms, we further discovered that Polycomb Repressor Complexes 1 and 2 (PRC1 and PRC2) play important roles in silencing SSTR2. Moreover, we found several histone lysine demethylases, enzymes that remove activating histone H3K4 methylation marks, to be critical for silencing expression of SSTR2. We additionally identified several chromatin remodeling enzymes/complexes as cellular factors that negatively regulate SSTR2 expression. Finally, using the HiBiT luminescent reporter system, we exploited functional chemo-genomic screens to further expand our knowledge of SSTR2 epigenetic control. These screens both reinforced several of our initial findings and helped to identify additional silencing mechanism potentially regulating SSTR2 expression. A commonality in our findings point to the presence, or necessity, of Class I HDACs in nearly all the epigenetic silencing mechanisms characterized. Overall, our work demonstrates that SSTR2 gene expression is likely silenced through various dynamic and interconnected epigenetic events, resulting in a compacted, transcriptionally repressed chromatin environment. Our study offers novel potential therapeutic targets and combinations to best increase expression of SSTR2, which are currently being tested in pre-clinical studies from our group, with the goal of future clinical trials aimed at increasing SSTR2 expression in high-grade, SSTR2-low NET patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Madigan, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrews, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farrell, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ceribelli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shamsian, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, K. C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadowski, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.23.677935</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiple Epigenetic Mechanisms Functionally Cooperate to Silence Expression of Somatostatin Receptor Type 2 in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.23.678057v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
JAK2V617F Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Support Parallel Evolution of Independent Leukemic Clones 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.23.678057v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are hematological diseases predominantly driven by the JAK2V617F mutation. Progression from chronic-phase MPN to secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) is a severe complication that dramatically worsens disease prognosis. While progression to sAML is classically linked to MPN clones acquiring additional mutations, the absence of JAK2V617F in some cases of post-MPN sAML cases suggests alternative mechanisms of transformation. Utilizing patient samples and in vivo modeling, we establish that leukemic clones can emerge independently of JAK2-mutant cells and undergo positive selection in the pro-inflammatory MPN environment, leading to parallel disease evolution. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of IL-12 and TNF mitigates this competitive advantage. Our data establish a new paradigm and show that disease progression in MPN can arise from parallel acute myeloid leukemia (pAML) clones.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Parsons, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xavier Raj, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Leary, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arand, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cox, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Challen, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.23.678057</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[JAK2V617F Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Support Parallel Evolution of Independent Leukemic Clones]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.23.678172v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Repurpose of Ritlecitinib Reduces Neointima Formation and Enhances Endothelial Recovery Following Vascular Injury 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.23.678172v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundNeointimal hyperplasia after vascular injury reflects excess smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation with impaired endothelial recovery. We tested the hypothesis that selective Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) inhibition with the FDA-approved drug Ritlecitinib limits neointima while accelerating reendothelialization.

MethodsWe used mouse carotid wire injury and a human internal mammary artery (IMA) xenograft model to evaluate effects of genetic JAK3 loss in SMCs or oral Ritlecitinib in vascular remodeling. Mechanistic studies in SMCs assessed JNK/c-Jun signaling and its regulation of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) using RNA-seq and CUT&RUN. Rescue experiments tested whether VEGF-A neutralization or exogenous TSP-1 reversed the antineointimal effects. Patient-derived IMA SMCs were analyzed for variabilities in drug responses.

ResultsGenetic JAK3 loss in SMCs or oral Ritlecitinib reduced neointimal area and intima/media ratio and increased luminal CD31+ coverage in both models. In SMCs, Ritlecitinib suppressed JNK/c-Jun signaling, downregulated TSP-1, and restored VEGF-A, shifting the milieu toward endothelial regeneration. RNA-seq and CUT&RUN corroborated JNK/c-Jun- dependent control of TSP-1 and VEGFA. VEGF-A neutralization or exogenous TSP-1 abrogated the anti-neointimal phenotype. In patient-derived IMA SMCs, variable drug response was linked to the JAK3 Pro893Asn variant and a VEGFA promoter SNP.

ConclusionSelective JAK3 inhibition by Ritlecitinib simultaneously restrains SMC proliferation and promotes endothelial repair through modulating TSP-1 and VEGF-A activities. Ritlecitinib merits clinical evaluation as a precision therapy to prevent restenosis, with genetic stratification to identify responders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cai, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saint, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markley, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.23.678172</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Repurpose of Ritlecitinib Reduces Neointima Formation and Enhances Endothelial Recovery Following Vascular Injury]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.24.678325v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Staphylococcus aureus inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages during the early phases of intracellular infection, but not the late phases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.24.678325v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a highly virulent pathogen responsible for chronic infections such as osteomyelitis. Although its interaction with the host immune system has been widely studied, the specific role of inflammasomes in regulating the infection within macrophages remains unclear. We investigated this question using bone marrow-derived macrophages infected with S. aureus and observed a significant reduction in intracellular bacterial load beginning at 18 hours post-infection (hpi), which continued through 96 hpi. Notably, robust activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome--including inflammasome assembly, IL-1{beta} and GSDMD maturation, and pyroptosis--occurred only after 18 hpi. This led us to hypothesize that S. aureus suppresses inflammasome activation during early infection. Supporting this, infected BMDMs failed to respond robustly to LPS and nigericin up to 18 hpi, with partial recovery at later timepoints, suggesting that S. aureus initially inhibits NLRP3 signaling to persist within macrophages but is later counteracted by the host response.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bhagat, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaur, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Connor, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swarnkar, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khanna, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cassat, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mbalaviele, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.24.678325</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Staphylococcus aureus inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages during the early phases of intracellular infection, but not the late phases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.24.678351v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeting RAD52 overcomes PARP inhibitor resistance in preclinical Brca2-deficient ovarian cancer model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.24.678351v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractBRCA-mutated ovarian cancer commonly develops resistance to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Here, we investigated the DNA repair protein RAD52 as a potential target to overcome resistance. In analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets and immunohistochemistry of tissue microarrays, elevated RAD52 expression correlated with poor overall survival in patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancers. We tested two PARP inhibitor-resistant Brca2-deficient mouse ovarian cancer models, ID8-OR and HGS2-OR. HGS2- OR cells had higher RAD52 expression than parental lines. Rad52 knockout or knockdown restored PARP inhibitor sensitivity in both models. In syngeneic mice, ID8-OR cells in which Rad52 was knocked out yielded lower tumor burden and longer overall survival than control cells. Rad52 depletion impaired single-strand annealing and homologous recombination and led to accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks after PARP inhibitor treatment. RNA sequencing demonstrated that PARP inhibitor treatment induced Polq expression in Brca2- and Rad52-deficient cells, suggesting a switch to microhomology-mediated end joining. Finally, the RAD52 inhibitor D-I03 synergized with a PARP inhibitor to reduce cell viability and tumor burden and prolong survival. Collectively, our findings establish RAD52 as a promising therapeutic target to overcome PARP inhibitor resistance in BRCA2-mutated ovarian cancer and offer mechanistic insights to inform future clinical strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ota, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fashemi, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akande, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Babu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thuthika, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elizagaray, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanders, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuroki, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCourt, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagemann, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagemann, I. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thaker, P. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mutch, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Powell, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyrc, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verma, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krais, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bitler, B. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mullen, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khabele, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.24.678351</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeting RAD52 overcomes PARP inhibitor resistance in preclinical Brca2-deficient ovarian cancer model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.27.678952v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dual Membrane-spanning Anti-Sigma 2 Controls OMV biogenesis and Colonization Fitness in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.27.678952v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacteroides spp. are Gram-negative, gut commensals that shape the enteric landscape by producing outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that degrade dietary fibers and traffic immunomodulatory biomolecules. Understanding the mechanism behind OMV biogenesis in Bacteroides spp. is necessary to determine their role in the gut. Recent studies showed that mutation of Dual Membrane-spanning Anti-sigma factor 1 increased OMV production in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Bt) by regulating members of its downstream regulon. Additional members of the Dma family have been identified, but very little is known regarding their roles in Bt. Here, we investigate the role of Dual Membrane-spanning Anti-sigma factor 2 (Dma2) in controlling OMV biogenesis in Bt. We employ biochemical and proteomic analyses to show that mutation of dma2 increases OMV production in a manner that is dependent on the expression of its cognate sigma factor, das2. The precise mechanism by which dma2 increases OMV biogenesis remains elusive. However, transcriptome analyses revealed that{Delta} dma2 has decreased expression of select polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) that primarily target host-associated glycans. Follow-up comparative proteomics showed that the PUL repertoire was most impacted in the OMV fraction. In vitro growth assessments showed that{Delta} dma2 exhibits delayed growth in the presence of select host-associated glycans. Colonization studies in mice revealed that{Delta} dma2 is outcompeted by the wild-type in the gut, which indicates that dma2 is a key determinant of colonization fitness in Bt. Altogether, these findings expand our knowledge of the Dma familys role in OMV biogenesis and demonstrates their importance in Bacteroides physiology.

ImportanceDual membrane-spanning anti-sigma factors (Dma) are a novel class of regulatory system found solely amongst Bacteroidota. Previous studies have demonstrated the role of Dma1 in vesiculation, but the overall role of the Dma family in Bacteroides physiology remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that Dma2 modulates vesiculation and regulates the expression of select polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) that target host-associated glycans. In vivo studies revealed that Dma2 is an important fitness determinant when competing against kin bacteria. This work begins characterizing the multifaceted involvement of Dma2 in OMV biogenesis, PUL regulation, and colonization fitness.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pardue, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jana, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beatty, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ortiz-Marquez, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaplan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson-Litteken, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feldman, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.27.678952</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dual Membrane-spanning Anti-Sigma 2 Controls OMV biogenesis and Colonization Fitness in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.25.678410v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mapping CD4+ T Cell Landscapes in Glioblastoma Reveals Effectors and Bystanders 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.25.678410v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The tumor immune microenvironment (TME) has been demonstrated to significantly shape glioblastoma (GBM) progression and therapeutic response, yet the role of CD4+ T cells remains incompletely defined. Here, by integrating single-cell RNA, surface-protein, and TCR profiling of 39,788 T cells from 16 high-grade gliomas with five matched blood samples, we mapped 23,550 CD4+ T cells across 11 states and revealed predominance of CD4+ T cells in primary, but not recurrent, tumors, alongside pronounced tumor-blood discordance. Clonal analyses revealed expansion of cytotoxic effector CD4+ T cells within tumors and TEMRA CD4+ T cells in blood. A small set of dominant clonotypes (0.2% of unique TCR{beta} sequences) accounted for >6% of all CD4+ T cells across both compartments and were shared across different transcriptional subsets, suggesting diverse transcriptional development stemming from a shared progenitor. In contrast, virally annotated clonotypes were broadly dispersed and largely unexpanded, consistent with bystander populations. Collectively, we investigated the cellular and clonal architecture of human CD4+ T cells in GBM and highlight the contrast between PBMC and TIL compartments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hill, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maldonado, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johanns, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petti, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunn, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.25.678410</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mapping CD4+ T Cell Landscapes in Glioblastoma Reveals Effectors and Bystanders]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.26.678301v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
IBD risk locus rs1077773 is a pharmacogenomic eQTL for aryl hydrocarbon receptor activity and modulates immune cell function. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.26.678301v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionThe inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) Crohns disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are disorders that cause chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the pathogenesis of IBD. There are currently >200 known genetic susceptibility loci for the development of IBD. The physiological impact of the majority of these loci remain a gap in our knowledge. One such locus is the single nucleotide polymorphism rs1077773, located [~]56kbp downstream from the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) gene. AHR is a ligand-activated transcription factor that is crucial to maintaining intestinal homeostasis. We hypothesized that rs1077773 enhances AHR activity to regulate mucosal immune response and maintain intestinal homeostasis.

MethodsAll study procedures and reagents were approved by the Washington University Institutional Review Board (#202011003). Patient biopsies were collected at Barnes Jewish Hospital and genotyped using the IBD Genetics Consortium custom GSA SNP chip (Broad Institute) followed by imputation using TopMed Imputation Server at University of Michigan. Patient derived organoids (PDOs; N=3 G/G, N=4 G/A, N=5 A/A) were derived and maintained in 3D culture and supplemented with 50% L-WRN conditioned medium with passage every 3-4 days as previously described. PDOs were treated with AHR agonist 6-Formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ) or vehicle for 48h. Expression of AHR and its transcriptional targets Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and CYP1B1 was assessed by RT-qPCR. Blood was collected from pediatric patients undergoing intestinal resection at St. Louis Childrens Hospital and was genotyped with custom TaqMan SNP assay (N=3 G/G, N=5 G/A). Peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM{Phi}s) were treated with lipopolysaccharide in the presence or absence of AHR ligands FICZ or indole-3-carboxaldehyde for 24h. Cytokine levels in culture supernatant were measured via using the ProcartaPlex human cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor 45-plex (ThermoFisher) on a Luminex FLEXMAP3D instrument.

ResultsAHR expression was similar across genotypes and treatments. PDOs homozygous for rs1077773 demonstrate enhanced CYP1A1 expression in response to AHR activation. In PBM{Phi}s, cytokine secretion was stimulated by LPS treatment and was abrogated by FICZ treatment. PBM{Phi}s with rs1077773 alternate allele demonstrated significant reduction in secretion of 17 cytokines and chemokines.

ConclusionsThis work demonstrates that rs1077773 is an expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) for AHR activity and modulates epithelial and immune cell function in vitro. Further mechanistic understanding of this locus and its correlates could improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of IBD susceptibility and may lead to novel personalized therapeutic approaches in IBD.

SummaryOur work demonstrates rs1077773 alternate allele is associated with enhanced aryl hydrocarbon transcriptional activity in human primary epithelial organoids and reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory cytokine production in human peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages.

Key MessageWe have identified rs1077773 as a pharmacogenomic regulator of inflammatory response in human primary intestinal organoids and peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages via AHR activity. Individual genetic variation affecting this pathway may account for differences in response to environmental stimuli and the development and progression of IBD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>King, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seiler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swanson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ciorba, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarado, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.26.678301</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[IBD risk locus rs1077773 is a pharmacogenomic eQTL for aryl hydrocarbon receptor activity and modulates immune cell function.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.29.679292v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Vaccine Elicitation of HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibodies Against Both V2 Apex and Fusion Peptide in Rhesus Macaques 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.29.679292v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Broadly neutralizing antibodies targeting multiple sites of HIV-1 Env vulnerability can be induced by infection, but simultaneous elicitation of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against multiple epitopes has not yet been achieved by vaccination. In this study, we designed a dual-epitope vaccine targeting both fusion peptide (FP) and V2 apex and evaluated its capacity to induce NAbs against both epitopes in rhesus macaques. This vaccine combined an FP conjugate with a cocktail of engineered Env trimers with enhanced V2 apex recognition and increased antigen retention in lymph nodes. Immunization of macaques with the dual-epitope vaccine elicited >1000-fold higher autologous tier 2-neutralization titers than the wildtype Env trimer and enhanced heterologous NAb breadth. Both FP and V2-apex monoclonal antibodies (mAb) were isolated from immunized macaques and showed heterologous neutralization with genetic and structural signatures that were similar to well-characterized FP and V2 apex bNAbs, although the V2 apex mAbs showed incomplete maturation. These results demonstrate proof-of-concept for simultaneous vaccine elicitation of NAbs against multiple sites of Env vulnerability, which will likely be critical for an effective HIV-1 vaccine.

HIGHLIGHTSO_LIDesigned a dual-epitope vaccine targeting both fusion peptide (FP) and V2 apex
C_LIO_LIV2-SET Env trimer conferred higher binding of V2 apex bNAbs, longer retention in draining lymph nodes, and >1000-fold higher induction of autologous neutralization titers compared with wildtype Env trimer
C_LIO_LIDual-epitope vaccine enhanced serum tier 2 neutralization breadth
C_LIO_LIDual-epitope vaccine elicited FP- and V2 apex-specific neutralizing mAbs with genetic signatures similar to well-characterized FP and V2 apex bNAbs
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Duan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nkolola, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaudhari, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teng, I.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavine, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parchment, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sellers, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKee, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Dell, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choe, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez, A. A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rossler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lasrado, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biju, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becker, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carroll, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carson, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henry, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morano, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mughal, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rawi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roark, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schramm, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephens, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsybovsky, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Wazer, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rutten, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langedijk, J. P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Douek, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koup, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mascola, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shapiro, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doria-Rose, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korber, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seaman, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>P</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.29.679292</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Vaccine Elicitation of HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibodies Against Both V2 Apex and Fusion Peptide in Rhesus Macaques]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.29.679336v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Pangenomic Method for Establishing a Somatic Variant Detection Resource in HapMap Mixtures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.29.679336v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Somatic mosaicism is essential in human biology and disease, yet robust benchmarks are scarce. The SMaHT Consortium mixed six HapMap cell lines to create artificial somatic variants spanning 0.25% to 16.5% variant allele fractions. We developed a technology-agnostic method that builds pangenome graphs from individual assemblies to create unified benchmarking sets: > 6M single-nucleotide variants, 1.8M small insertions/deletions, 49K structural variations, and 10K mobile element insertions across autosomes, X, and mitochondrial chromosomes. We validated the variants using ultra-deep simulated reads and developed a binomial-based model to estimate coverage requirements for variant detection. Evaluating multiple callers showed CHM13 alignment improves structural variant detection and offers advantages in difficult-to-map regions compared to GRCh38. Systematic characterization showed regions with low detection rate are enriched in centromeres, satellite sequences, tandem repeats, and falsely duplicated genes. This accurate, versatile resource enables systematic evaluation of somatic variant detection technologies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kong, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruttenberg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macias-Velasco, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehinovic, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belter, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garza, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casey, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, B. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Majewski, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindsay, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schedl, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>SMaHT Network Assembly/Pangenome Working Group,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fulton, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.29.679336</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Pangenomic Method for Establishing a Somatic Variant Detection Resource in HapMap Mixtures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.29.679362v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Illuminating the Role of A-to-I Editing in Gastric Cancer using EndoVIA 2.0 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.29.679362v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Background & AimsAdenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is an essential post-transcriptional modification catalyzed by ADAR enzymes, and emerging evidence suggests its dysregulation can contribute to cancer. However, technical barriers have hindered spatial analysis of editing activity in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues--an abundant but challenging sample type. Here, we introduce EndoVIA 2.0, an optimized immunostaining assay that enables spatial detection of edited RNAs in FFPE tissues.

MethodsUsing human Endonuclease V (hEndoV) as a molecular affinity reagent, we developed a calcium-dependent staining workflow compatible with crosslinked tissues. EndoVIA 2.0 was validated in cell lines with altered ADAR1 expression, fresh frozen tissues, gastric organoids, and FFPE tissue sections. Quantitative imaging was combined with machine-learning segmentation and spatial analysis.

ResultsEndoVIA 2.0 successfully detected A-to-I editing changes in ADAR1 knockout and overexpression models and revealed differential editing patterns across tissues. In gastric organoids and FFPE tissues, the assay spatially resolved editing heterogeneity and distinguished ADAR1-deficient from ADAR1-sufficient cells. Application to long-archived lung and breast cancer FFPE tissues suggest EndoVIA 2.0s broad utility and potential of capturing disease-associated hyper-editing in malignant samples.

ConclusionsEndoVIA 2.0 enables robust, spatial detection of A-to-I editing in FFPE tissues--circumventing the limitations of RNA extraction and unlocking access to archived clinical specimens. This platform lays the foundation for mapping RNA editing dynamics in cancer progression and may support future biomarker discovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Quillin, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flores, T. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Purohit, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halstead, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnould, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aastha,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grandi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leffler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saenz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heemstra, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.29.679362</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Illuminating the Role of A-to-I Editing in Gastric Cancer using EndoVIA 2.0]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.30.679563v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adipose Tissue Overexpression of Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase Prevents Metabolic Dysfunction in Obese Mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.30.679563v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a vital coenzyme and a central factor in energy metabolism. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) maintains the cellular NAD+ pool by synthesizing the NAD+ precursor, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), and diminished adipocyte NAMPT activity has been implicated in aging- and obesity-related metabolic dysfunction. Herein, we examined the effects of overexpressing or knocking out NAMPT in adipocytes on metabolic dysfunction and interorgan communication in mice. We generated new adipocyte-specific NAMPT overexpressing(ANOV) mice model. Male ANOV mice are protected from diet-induced metabolic dysfunction including adipose tissue inflammation, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance. In contrast female ANOV mice were less protected from metabolic dysfunction, possibly due to higher endogenous expression of NAMPT in WT female mice. Livers of ANOV mice showed improved insulin signaling, increased NAD content, and reduced steatosis, suggesting that NAMPT regulates interorgan communication between adipocytes and hepatocytes. Extracellular vesicles (EV) isolated from ANOV mice enhanced insulin signaling in HepG2 cells and improved glucose tolerance in WT obese mice. In contrast, EV from ANKO mice suppressed HepG2 insulin signaling and inhibition of EV release improved glucose tolerance in ANKO female mice. Collectively, these data highlight a novel mechanism by which adipocyte NAD+ metabolism regulates systemic metabolic dysfunction via EVs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ferguson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gadson, E. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markan, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoshino, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Habibi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiash, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kouranova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franczak, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kealing, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pietka, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liss, K. H. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thyfault, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patti, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finck, B. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crewe, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukherjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.30.679563</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adipose Tissue Overexpression of Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase Prevents Metabolic Dysfunction in Obese Mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.01.679851v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spared nerve injury induces long-term and brain region-specific changes in oligodendrocyte density in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.01.679851v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundEmerging evidence suggests a role for non-neuronal cells in the pathophysiology of chronic pain. Chronic pain causes profound alterations of the transcriptomic program of oligodendroglia, but the effect of pain on the oligodendroglial cells themselves remains unknown.

MethodsMale and female C57BL6/J mice underwent spared nerve injury (SNI). Mechanical hypersensitivity was assessed five weeks later using the von Frey test. Six weeks post-surgery, mice were perfused, brains dissected, and immunostained for oligodendrocyte precursors cells (OPC) and mature oligodendrocytes (OL) in four brain regions involved in pain chronification: anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), central amygdala (CeA), basolateral amygdala (BLA), and periaqueductal gray (PAG).

ResultsWe found OL were reduced in the ACC and CeA of both sexes six weeks after SNI. Conversely, BLA OL were increased in both sexes following SNI. There was a sex-dependent effect of SNI on PAG-OL, where OL were only reduced in females. SNI did not affect OPC in any of the studied brain regions, but female PAG and BLA appeared to have fewer OPC than males independent of SNI.

ConclusionLong-term nerve injury differentially affects OL in a brain region- and sex-dependent manner. This effect is observable six weeks after injury, suggesting a long-lasting impact of chronic pain on oligodendroglial cells. OPC, on the other hand, are remarkably stable. This finding aligns with previous literature showing OPC maintain homeostasis, even in pathological conditions.

SignificanceOligodendrocytes ensheathe axons to increase conduction speed, stabilize neuronal connections, and fine-tune neuron-to-neuron communication. Furthermore, pharmacological stimulation of myelination improves pain-induced cognitive deficits in mice, suggesting therapeutic potential in targeting oligodendrocytes in pain. A better understanding of how pain impacts oligodendroglia is thus crucial to better understand the pathophysiology of pain and identify new therapeutic targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Becker, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Shea, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borges, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCall, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.01.679851</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spared nerve injury induces long-term and brain region-specific changes in oligodendrocyte density in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.02.680046v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Using gnotobiotic mice to decipher effects of gut microbiome repair in undernourished children on tuft and goblet cell function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.02.680046v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Studies have implicated perturbations in the postnatal development of the gut microbiome as a contributing factor to childhood undernutrition. Compared to a standard ready-to-use supplementary food, a microbiome-directed complementary food (MDCF-2) designed to repair these perturbations produced superior improvements in ponderal and linear growth in clinical trials of Bangladeshi children with moderate acute malnutrition. Here,  reverse translation experiments are performed where intact fecal microbiomes collected from trial participants prior to and at the end of treatment are introduced into female gnotobiotic mice just after delivery of their pups. Pups received diets designed to resemble those consumed by children in the trials to recreate "unrepaired" and "repaired" gut ecosystems. Analyses of the abundances of bacterial strains (metagenome-assembled genomes), their expressed genes and metabolic products, combined with assessments of ponderal growth and intestinal epithelial lineage transcriptomes (single-nucleus RNA-Seq with follow-up immunocytochemistry) disclosed effects of MDCF-2 associated microbiome repair that cannot be determined, in part because  no treatment control arms cannot be ethically incorporated into these trials. Specifically, microbiome repair in these mice produced significant increases in ponderal growth, changes microbial gene expression consistent with a less virulent gut ecosystem and changes in expression of (i) components of gut epithelial cell junctions in the enterocytic and goblet cell lineages, (ii) pathways for synthesis and secretion of eicosanoid immune effectors in chemosensory tuft cells, and (iii) goblet cell pathways involved in glycosylation and secretion of mucin. Experiments of the type described can help formulate and test hypotheses about how microbiome repair affects host biology.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTUndernutrition is a global health problem. Recent clinical trials of a gut microbiome-directed complementary food (MDCF-2) designed to repair the perturbed gut microbiomes of undernourished Bangladesh children produced superior growth outcomes versus a standard nutritional supplement. Given ethical considerations and tissue sampling constraints associated with these types of studies, we colonized gnotobiotic mice postnatally with microbiome samples obtained from trial participants before and after treatment to model "unrepaired" and "repaired" gut ecosystems. Using a multi-omics approach, we uncover heretofore unappreciated changes in expressed chemosensory tuft cell, mucus-producing goblet cell and absorptive enterocytic functions and interactions accompanying microbiome repair. Extending microbiome clinical trials back to preclinical models ( reverse translation) provides mechanistic insights that can inform design/interpretation of future interventions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, H.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Webber, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lynn, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hibberd, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mostafa, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barratt, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.02.680046</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Using gnotobiotic mice to decipher effects of gut microbiome repair in undernourished children on tuft and goblet cell function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.02.680135v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ETEC heat-labile toxin promotes β-catenin stabilization and transcriptional reprogramming to disrupt intestinal epithelial differentiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.02.680135v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), defined by their production of heat-labile (LT) and heat-stable (ST) enterotoxins, are a common cause of acute diarrheal illness in children from low- and middle-income countries, and are also linked to long-term sequelae such as malnutrition, and growth impairment. While the mechanisms underlying toxin-mediated acute diarrhea are known, the molecular events involved in ETEC related sequelae remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the ETEC heat-labile toxin (LT) profoundly remodels intestinal epithelial composition and function through modulation of WNT/{beta}-catenin signaling. Using human ileal enteroids, we demonstrate that LT stabilizes {beta}-catenin independently of WNT ligands, promotes its nuclear accumulation, and enhances TCF/LEF-driven transcription. Single-cell transcriptomic analyses reveal that LT increases intestinal proliferation by enhancing cell cycle activity across all epithelial lineages, thus disrupting epithelial composition by expanding proliferative progenitor populations at the expense of absorptive enterocytes. Simultaneously, LT impairs epithelial maturation and suppresses transcriptional programs required for nutrient absorption and differentiation. Together, these findings identify LT as a potent driver of intestinal epithelial reprogramming, providing mechanistic insight into how ETEC infection may drive long-term consequences beyond acute diarrhea and may inform strategies to prevent major sequelae, including malnutrition, that affect millions of children worldwide.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sheikh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Setu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joardar, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosa, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitreva, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleckenstein, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.02.680135</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ETEC heat-labile toxin promotes β-catenin stabilization and transcriptional reprogramming to disrupt intestinal epithelial differentiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.02.679826v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Atg16l1 promotes lung transplant tolerance by regulating glycolysis in macrophages 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.02.679826v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lung transplant survival is limited by the development of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD), a type of graft rejection that lacks effective treatments. Autophagy plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. In a single-nucleotide polymorphism screen, we found that lung recipients with two copies of a common hypofunctional genetic variant of autophagy-related 16-like 1 rs2241880 (ATG16L1T300A/T300A), known to deplete this protein from macrophages, were more likely to develop early CLAD. To understand this, we used a mouse orthotopic lung transplant model. Recipients encoding myeloid cell-specific deletion of Atg16l1 (Atg16l1{Delta}/{Delta}) or who harbor an engineered orthologous mutation (Atg16l1T316A/T316A) showed similar susceptibility to CLAD. Transcript profiling and mitochondrial tracking studies indicated that increased mitochondrial damage and decreased autophagic removal of mitochondria in Atg16l1-deficient macrophages were associated with heightened activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (Hif1) pathway and accumulation of glycolytic transcripts. Metabolic analysis revealed reduced oxidative phosphorylation, increased glycolytic activity, and higher IL-1{beta} expression in Atg16l1-deficient macrophages. Notably, the development of CLAD in Atg16l1{Delta}/{Delta} lung recipients could be significantly prevented by additionally deleting Hif1 in myeloid cells or by treating with the glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose. Our results show how a common autophagy-related genetic variant disrupts macrophage metabolism and impairs lung transplant tolerance, pointing toward potential therapeutic strategies to combat CLAD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cano, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernadt, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ebenezer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pugh, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tague, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Byers, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hachem, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brody, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krupnick, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kreisel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gelman, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.02.679826</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Atg16l1 promotes lung transplant tolerance by regulating glycolysis in macrophages]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.03.680343v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ragnarok: a flexible and RApid GeNe Annotation (ROcKs) pipeline deployed through Nextflow 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.03.680343v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationHigh-quality genome assemblies and pangenomes are increasingly accessible and achievable due to advances in third-generation sequencing and assembly algorithms, but genome annotation remains a critical bottleneck. Existing gene annotation pipelines often require complex installations, multiple steps, long runtimes, and produce variable results, which impede quality and the downstream usage of the annotations.

ResultsWe developed RAGNAROK (RApid GeNe Annotation ROcKs), a modular annotation pipeline built on Nextflow and Apptainer that integrates ab initio prediction, transcriptome and protein evidence, repeat annotation, functional assignment, and quality assessment into a single reproducible workflow. Moreover, RAGNAROK utilizes GPU acceleration and parallelization to produce high-quality gene annotations. We benchmarked against BRAKER3 across five diverse, reference-quality plant genomes and demonstrated that RAGNAROK achieved higher sensitivity, precision, and F1 scores at the exon, transcript, and gene levels. Furthermore, we demonstrated RAGNAROKs improvement in re-annotating a suite of five Rosaceae genomes that were previously annotated using MAKER. Overall, RAGNAROK produced more ideal mono:multi-exonic gene ratios, improved BUSCO completeness scores, and reduced missing gene content compared to other pipelines. Additionally, RAGNAROK consistently outperformed BRAKER3 in runtime, scaling efficiently from small to gigabase-scale genomes. RAGNAROK provides a flexible, rapid, scalable, and accurate solution for de novo and re-annotation of plant genomes. Its modular design and workflow scalability lay the foundation for future extensions to animal, fungal, and other eukaryotic genomes.

Availability and ImplementationRAGNAROK is available as a GitHub repository at https://github.com/ryandkuster/ragnarok.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kuster, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, Z. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitt, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Staton, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mansfeld, B. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gottschalk, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.03.680343</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ragnarok: a flexible and RApid GeNe Annotation (ROcKs) pipeline deployed through Nextflow]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.03.680270v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Liver is an Inflammatory Mediator of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.03.680270v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The livers contribution to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) pathogenesis remains unclear. We hypothesized that the liver promotes inflammatory injury to the pulmonary endothelium. PAH patients without liver disease with pulmonary artery endothelial cell (PAEC) biopsies were included. Liver serologies and imaging were analyzed by unsupervised classification and regression tree (CART) to identify subclinical liver dysfunction clusters. Two machine-learning models predicted cluster assignment and informed differential expression. PAEC transcriptomes were compared to liver and lung data from monocrotaline and Sugen-Hypoxia rats. Liver fibrosis was assessed in rat and human PAH livers. Among 25 PAH patients (76% female, median age 61 [30 - 84] years), CART identified clusters distinguished by Model for End-Stage Liver Disease Sodium (MELD-Na) [&ge;]12, predicting higher pulmonary vascular resistance ({beta}=0.5 Wood units per point increase in MELD-Na, 95% CI 0.2-0.8, p=0.005) after adjustment for right atrial pressure. Subjects with MELD-Na [&ge;]12 had decreased 6-minute walk distance (353 [120 - 576] m vs. 411[300 - 600] m, p=0.03), with upregulation of apelin, beta-catenin, and immune signaling. Rat lung ECs demonstrated survival and hepatic growth-factor signaling, while rat livers showed immune activation. Rat (20.8 vs 16.6 % area stained, p=0.09) and human PAH livers revealed fibrosis despite absent right ventricular failure, supporting a pathogenic lung-liver axis in PAH.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Singh, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ragavendran, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mullin, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pereira, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sherman-Roe, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jorrin, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cayton, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fishbein, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klinger, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oldham, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fallon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harrington, E. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, O. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Umar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ventetuolo, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.03.680270</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Liver is an Inflammatory Mediator of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.05.680464v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DNASE1L3 surveils mitochondrial DNA on the surface of distinct mammalian cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.05.680464v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The extracellular space is a critical environment for discriminating self versus non-self nucleic acids and initiating the appropriate immune responses through signaling cascades to relay information about extracellular nucleic acids. Here, we provide evidence that oxidized mitochondrial DNA is tethered to the surface of select mammalian cells through cell surface proteins and heparan sulfate proteoglycans. We demonstrate that cell surface DNA accumulates in large clusters that partially overlap with domains enriched in RNA binding proteins. Finally, we show that human and murine B cell surfaces contain DNA that can be cleared by the secreted nuclease DNASE1L3, and that patients with a DNASE1L3 missense variant associated with increased risk for autoimmune disease harbor increased levels of surface DNA on B and T cells. Taken together, this work expands the scope of cell surface nucleic acid biology and provides a mechanistic link between cell surface molecules and DNA targeting in autoimmune disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Porat, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poli, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almahayni, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Luna Vitorino, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bras Costa, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crompton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gregersen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agarwal, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moeckl, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zanoni, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpfendorfer, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flynn, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.05.680464</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DNASE1L3 surveils mitochondrial DNA on the surface of distinct mammalian cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.05.680569v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Clonal dynamics of monozygotic twinning in early human embryogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.05.680569v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Monozygotic twins are derived from the split of a single zygote early in embryogenesis. Although it was hypothesized that the timing of twining is overall associated with fetal membrane configuration of twins, i.e., chorionicity and amnionicity, our understanding of early embryonic clonal dynamics underlying human twinning is limited. Here we explored the segregations of early embryonic lineages in 7 dichorionic diamniotic (DCDA), 7 monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA), 8 monochorionic monoamniotic (MCMA) monozygotic twins, and 1 dichorionic triamniotic (DCTA) monozygotic triplets, using post-zygotic early embryonic mutations (EEMs) as endogenous lineage barcodes. Patterns of the early lineage distributions among monozygotic twins revealed three apparent clonal categories, referred to as para-identical, sub-identical, and full-identical twins, which largely correlated with the amnionicity of the twins. Rather, despite conventional wisdom, chorionicity was not substantially associated with early clonal compositions, but with blood exchanges in utero. In sub-identical twins, where one co-twin was clonally a part of the other, our data suggested that the foundation of the latter co-twin was established after acquisition of a median of 6 additional post-zygotic mutations (range: 2-13), corresponding to [~]5 early cell divisions. Additional in-depth analysis on the matched placenta from an MCDA twin suggested that separation of two co-twins can precede the separation of the placenta and embryonic proper, and a single chorion can be formed even with multiclonal origin. Our findings provide insights into the clonal dynamics, twinning processes, and cell fate decisions in early human embryogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yoon, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nam, C. H. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bae, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Derom, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meireson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weyers, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sung, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffith, O. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffith, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jun, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ju, Y. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.05.680569</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Clonal dynamics of monozygotic twinning in early human embryogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.06.680457v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sensitivity to ATR-CHK1 pathway inhibition in AML/MDS is enhanced by SRSF2 mutations and reduced by RUNX1 loss 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.06.680457v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SRSF2 mutations occur in up to 25% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 17% of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) cases and are associated with poor prognosis, yet no mutation-directed therapy exists.

Here, we aimed to identify therapeutically targetable vulnerabilities in MDS/AML with SRSF2 mutations. Ex vivo drug-sensitivity testing of bone marrow cells from AML patients and healthy donors showed that SRSF2-mutant cells are sensitive to inhibitors of CHK1, and WEE1 DNA damage response (DDR) kinases.

To test causality, we engineered isogenic K562 cell line clones expressing SRSF2P95H/L/R mutations. RNA sequencing confirmed splicing aberrations characteristic of MDS/AML in these clones. We found that SRSF2P95H/L/R sensitize leukemia cells to ATR-CHK1-WEE1 inhibition. Bone marrow progenitors from Srsf2P95H and U2AF1S34F knock-in mice showed heightened sensitivity to CHK1 inhibition, corroborating the human data.

In contrast, RUNX1 mutations were linked to resistance against CHK1 and WEE1 inhibition in SRSF2-mutant AML samples. Runx1 loss also caused resistance to CHK1 inhibitors in knock-in mouse progenitors harboring Srsf2P95H or U2AF1S34F, indicating that RUNX1 loss is a mechanism of resistance.

In conclusion, SRSF2 and U2AF1 mutations are biomarkers of sensitivity to ATR-CHK1 pathway inhibitors, while RUNX1 mutations cause resistance. These biomarkers can support patient stratification in MDS/AML.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Eldfors, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hossan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cabrera Pastrana, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertino, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porkka, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walter, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graubert, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.06.680457</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sensitivity to ATR-CHK1 pathway inhibition in AML/MDS is enhanced by SRSF2 mutations and reduced by RUNX1 loss]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.06.680559v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Whole body MondoA deletion protects against diet-induced obesity through uncontrolled multi-organ substrate utilization and futile cycling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.06.680559v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveDelineating the nodal control points that maintain whole-body energy homeostasis is critical for understanding potential treatments of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases. The nutrient-sensing transcription factor MondoA is a regulator of skeletal muscle fuel storage, where muscle-specific inhibition improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. However, the role of MondoA in whole body energy metabolic homeostasis is not understood.

MethodsGeneralized MondoA knockout (gKO) mice were generated and assessed for glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, body composition, energy expenditure, cold tolerance, and tissue specific transcriptional changes in response to high fat diet. Complementary studies in cultured human adipocytes assessed the impact of MondoA deficiency on substrate utilization and lipolysis.

ResultsgKO mice are protected from diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance, through increased whole body energy expenditure. gKO mice exhibit reduced brown and inguinal white adipose tissue mass, without evidence of beiging. The gKO mice are hyperlactatemic and isolated MondoA-deficient adipocytes have increased 2-deoxyglucose uptake and glycolytic function. Lastly, gKO mice and KO adipocytes display increased circulating glycerol relative to free fatty acids in response to adrenergic stimulus consistent with elevated re-esterification. However, this phenotype is not recapitulated in adipocyte-specific KO mice.

ConclusionsMondoA deficiency alters cellular sensing of nutrient availability and storage/utilization mechanisms. In the whole-body setting, this results in increased energy expenditure, potentially related to increased glucose uptake and glycolytic flux driving glycerol synthesis to supply high rates of lipolysis and lipid re-esterification. These results suggest that MondoA functions to maintain fuel storage and when lost, inter-organ futile cycling ensues.



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=140 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/680559v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (47K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1ccf42dorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@b2da28org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1081aforg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1b2168d_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG O_FLOATNOGraphical Abstract.C_FLOATNO 1) Global MondoA deficiency drives 2) tissue glucose uptake which in skeletal muscle is 3) converted and excreted as lactate, while in adipose tissue 4) triglyceride re-esterification requires 5) de novo glycerol synthesis to feed into the futile cycle.

C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Berger, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taing, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahn, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sakamoto, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batmanov, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jordan, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finck, B. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Titchenell, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tesz, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.06.680559</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Whole body MondoA deletion protects against diet-induced obesity through uncontrolled multi-organ substrate utilization and futile cycling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.06.680596v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reduced SK channel control of mesolimbic dopamine neuron firing drives reward seeking adaptations in chronic pain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.06.680596v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Patients with chronic neuropathic pain typically experience affective symptoms that drive reduced quality of life and negatively impact pain management. Mesolimbic dopamine is necessary for reward valuation and learning, and the existence of a hypodopaminergic state has been proposed to underlie these affective symptoms of chronic pain. However, direct functional evidence for this hypodopaminergic state is lacking, and the mechanisms underlying its emergence over the acute to chronic pain transition are unknown. Here, we find a selective deficit in the ability of mesolimbic dopamine neurons to sustain burst firing, which is apparent uniquely at chronic timepoints following neuropathic injury. As a result, animals are unable to sustain effortful pursuit of rewards under conditions of high effort or time costs. Convergent biophysical modeling and experimental electrophysiology establish that in a spared nerve injury (SNI) model of chronic neuropathic pain, calcium-activated, small-conductance potassium (SK) channel function is impaired, resulting in lower peak firing and earlier entry into depolarization block of mesolimbic dopamine neurons. Critically, dopamine dependent reward learning, formation of cue-reward associations and locomotor activity remain intact, arguing against the interpretation of a generalized hypodopaminergic state. These results elucidate a circuit-level basis for selective motivational deficits emerging in chronic neuropathic pain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thompson, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graham, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goff, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalyanaraman, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrett, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Legaria, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hage, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Copits, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kravitz, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creed, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.06.680596</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reduced SK channel control of mesolimbic dopamine neuron firing drives reward seeking adaptations in chronic pain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.06.680813v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Risk reshapes amygdala representation of choice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.06.680813v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Modifying behavior in response to changing environmental conditions is a crucial adaptive function. This capacity is exemplified when animals curtail pursuit of a valued outcome that risks being punished by aversive consequences, but the mediating brain mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, using in vivo cellular-resolution calcium (Ca2+) imaging, optogenetics and chemogenetics, we show that risk of punishment dramatically alters animals choice between a large/risky and small- /safe reward and produces novel, causally necessary, patterns of activity in basolateral amygdala (BLA) neurons. We find that experience of a punished outcome generates a BLA representation that is selectively replayed when animals subsequently abort choice of the large/risky reward option. Additionally, we show that risk leads to the incorporation of newly encoding BLA neurons into the pre-choice representation, which predicts shifting away from the large/risky option. These findings reveal how dynamic reshaping of BLA representations underpins behavioral flexibility in the face of risk.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Piantadosi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coden, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perry, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halfeld, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaffer, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goff, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spitz, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwab, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandon, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadiq, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devine, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costa, V. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>da Silva, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holmes, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.06.680813</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Risk reshapes amygdala representation of choice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.07.680764v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural mechanism of lipid modulation of pentameric ligand-gated ion channel activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.07.680764v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (pLGICs) are sensitive to the lipid environment. However, the structural mechanism of how specific lipids support the agonist response of any pLGIC is poorly understood. Using the model pLGIC, ELIC (Erwinia ligand-gated ion channel), we find that phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) or cardiolipin (CL) are sufficient to support activation of a non-desensitizing mutant called ELIC5. Cryo-EM structures of unliganded and agonist-bound ELIC5 in the absence of PE or CL show increased structural heterogeneity and destabilization of the resting and open-channel states. Importantly, the unliganded structure of ELIC5 in a phosphatidylcholine (PC)-only environment shows variability that resembles agonist-induced changes. The structures also reveal a CL binding site at an outer leaflet M3-M4 site. Together with functional measurements in asymmetric liposomes and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, the data indicate that CL supports ELIC activity by binding to this M3-M4 site thereby stabilizing an agonist-responsive resting state of the channel.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tan, B. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandberg, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brannigan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, W. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.07.680764</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural mechanism of lipid modulation of pentameric ligand-gated ion channel activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.07.680944v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dissecting Small Noncoding RNA Landscapes in Mouse Preimplantation Embryos and Human Blastoids for Modeling Early Human Embryogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.07.680944v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNA) exert regulatory functions in mammalian cells; however, their expression dynamics and contribution during preimplantation development are not entirely understood. In this study, we apply Small-Seq to generate a comprehensive single-cell atlas of sncRNA expression in mouse oocytes, sperm, and embryos (2-cell to 64-cell stages), and compare these dynamics with human embryos at equivalent stages. In both species, all sncRNA subtypes are expressed, but only microRNAs (miRNAs) and small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) display cell type-specific patterns. In mice and humans, miRNAs and snoRNAs from the Dlk1-Dio3 locus were upregulated in the inner cell mass (ICM). Human trophectoderm (TE) is enriched with primate-specific C19MC miRNAs, which show relatively low expression in the ICM. In contrast, the mouse lacks a TE-specific hotspot, as C2MC miRNAs are higher in the ICM. Nonetheless, differentiation-associated miRNAs (e.g., miR-24-3p, miR-200c-3p) are high in the TE of both species. Further, we profile the sncRNAs of human blastoids (stem-cell-based embryo model) and determine that they largely recapitulate the human blastocyst. We envision broad utility of this dataset as a resource for future studies seeking to dissect the functions of individual sncRNAs in early development, and for advancing applications in stem cell-based embryo models and assisted reproductive technologies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Biondic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Theunissen, T. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petropoulos, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.07.680944</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dissecting Small Noncoding RNA Landscapes in Mouse Preimplantation Embryos and Human Blastoids for Modeling Early Human Embryogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.08.681226v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeting Tumor-intrinsic TAK1 triggers anti-tumor immunity and sensitizes pancreatic cancer to checkpoint blockade 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.08.681226v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Background and AimsTargeting the Transforming Growth Factor-{beta} (TGF-{beta}) pathway to reverse the immunologically "cold" tumor microenvironment (TME) of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains clinically unsuccessful, warranting novel therapeutic strategies.

MethodsWe developed a novel tumor-CD8 T cell co-culture to interrogate the TGF-{beta} signaling pathways that promotes T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. We performed multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) on human PDAC samples to correlate cell-type specific TGF-{beta} pathway activation and CD8 T cell abundance. We employed specific pathway inhibitor and newly generated genetically-engineered mouse models (GEMMs) and confirmed our findings using single-cell RNA sequencing, flow cytometry and mIHC. We performed proteomics and various in vitro assays to establish the molecular mechanisms.

ResultsWe identify TGF-{beta}-activated kinase 1 (TAK1 or MAP3K7) as an aberrantly activated kinase in human and mouse PDAC tissues that is associated with T cell dysfunction. Pharmacological inhibition of TAK1 with Takinib, or genetic deletion of MAP3K7 in autochthonous p48-Cre;TP53flox/flox;LSL-KRASG12DGEMM, enhances intratumoral CD4+ and CD8+ effector T cell infiltration and renders immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) effective. Mechanistically, TAK1 inhibition induces DNA damage and cytoplasmic DNA leakage, which activates the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-Stimulator of Interferon Genes (cGAS-STING) DNA sensing pathway, triggering inflammatory responses that promote adaptive immune cell infiltration. At the molecular level, TAK1 phosphorylates Ephrin Receptor A2 (EphA2) at Serine 897, which in turn phosphorylates RAD51 at Tyrosine 315, a key DNA repair protein involved in homologous recombination.

ConclusionsWe uncover TAK1 as a critical mediator in maintaining genomic integrity and highlights its potential as a therapeutic target to induce an inflamed TME that sensitizes PDAC to ICB.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bansod, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Somani, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Modekurty, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knolhoff, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fields, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruzinova, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeNardo, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.08.681226</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeting Tumor-intrinsic TAK1 triggers anti-tumor immunity and sensitizes pancreatic cancer to checkpoint blockade]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.09.681414v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Scalable transcription factor mapping uncovers the regulatory dynamics of natural and synthetic transcription factors in human T cell states 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.09.681414v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Heterogeneous T cell states are critical in immune responses and have been explored by CRISPR-based and synthetic domain-swapped transcription factor (TF) screens, yielding novel insights and immunotherapeutics. However, a scalable strategy to map TFs in primary human T cells is lacking, which limits our understanding of the functions of critical TFs. We therefore adapted a transposon-based TF mapping strategy termed Calling Cards for primary human CD8 T cells, applying it to five key TFs with undefined binding sites in this cell type: TOX, TOX2, TCF7, SOX4, and RBPJ. To derive biological insights from these data, we developed an analytical framework to integrate TF binding with multi-omic sequencing data, revealing convergence of TOX and TCF7 binding at dynamic enhancers of memory CD8 T cells. We then identified TF co-bound gene programs related to memory and exhaustion states in addition to putative gene targets of known and unappreciated TF roles, including TOX binding at critical genes of both exhaustion and terminal effector memory differentiation. To further scale our TF analysis platform, we modified Calling Cards to create TFlex: a method uniquely suited for multiplexed mapping of paralogous TFs. We applied TFlex to simultaneously map eight natural and domain-swapped TFs in primary human CD8 T cells, which demonstrated that domain-swapped TFs display emergent behavior in binding site selection and transcriptional effects on target genes that cannot be estimated as the sum of their constituent domains. Collectively, our data highlight the importance of scalable TF mapping in primary human T cells to elucidate TF function and the transcriptional regulation of cell states.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mullins, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaretsky, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoller, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takacsi-Nagy, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shpynov, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sampaleanu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roth, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satpathy, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitra, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puram, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.09.681414</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Scalable transcription factor mapping uncovers the regulatory dynamics of natural and synthetic transcription factors in human T cell states]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.10.681567v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A sensorimotor instability drives a locomotor transition during fish development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.10.681567v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Animals rely on movement to survive -- to explore their environment, find food and mates and avoid danger. During development, changes in body shape, muscle strength and physiological needs drive the continuous adjustment of locomotor patterns. How these changes are orchestrated in a flexible and adaptive manner remains unknown. We explore this question in Danionella cerebrum, a miniature freshwater fish that is emerging as an important vertebrate model in systems neuroscience. We identify a clear transition in locomotion, from continuous to burst-and-coast swimming occurring around 3 weeks of age. We demonstrate that this transition is an energy saving strategy, and that it reflects an insta-bility in the sensorimotor process governing speed regulation. Rather than a preprogrammed developmental switch, it is therefore directly tied to the animal swimming strength. We confirmed this finding by manipulating sensory feedback in order to induce a similar transition at fixed developmental stages. Together, our results illustrate a dynamic interplay between body, brain, and environment during development, offering new insights into the principles governing adaptive locomotion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Coraggioso, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demarchi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dichio, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaumeton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panier, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morvan-Dubois, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodhill, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bormuth, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Debregeas, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.10.681567</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A sensorimotor instability drives a locomotor transition during fish development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.10.681497v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bhlhe40 Coordinates T Cell Programs with Distinct CD4 and CD8 T Cell Requirements for Anti-PD-1 Versus Anti-CTLA-4 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.10.681497v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The transcriptional programs enabling T cells to mediate anti-tumor immunity remain incompletely defined. Here, we identify Bhlhe40 as a key transcriptional regulator that coordinates both CD4 and CD8 T cell effector programs, revealing divergent cell-specific requirements during anti-PD-1 versus anti-CTLA-4 immune checkpoint therapy (ICT). Using conditional knockout mice, we show that anti-PD-1 efficacy depends on CD8 T cell-intrinsic Bhlhe40, whereas anti-CTLA-4 remains effective through Bhlhe40-dependent CD4 T cell Th1 programs that buffer impaired effector function in Bhlhe40-deficient CD8 T cells. Mechanistically, loss of Bhlhe40 reduces IFN-{gamma} production and skews CD8 T cells toward TCF-1-expressing progenitor exhausted/stem-like states at the expense of effector differentiation, impairing glycolytic fitness under both therapies and mitochondrial function during anti-PD-1 treatment, thereby revealing a Bhlhe40-dependent coupling between effector differentiation, cytokine production, and metabolic fitness that is particularly critical for anti-PD-1 efficacy. CD8 T cell-intrinsic Bhlhe40 also promotes critical ICT-induced remodeling from M2-like CX3CR1 macrophages to inflammatory iNOS macrophages. Analysis of human cancer datasets supported our preclinical observations, revealing that BHLHE40 is enriched in tumor-reactive and activated/exhausted CD8 T cells, where its expression is inversely correlated with TCF7 (TCF-1) and positively associated with TOX, GZMB, and IFNG. Moreover, persistent CD8 T cell clones from basal cell carcinoma responders exhibited significantly higher BHLHE40 expression at pre-treatment than those from non-responders to PD-1 blockade. Together, these findings establish Bhlhe40 not only as a transcriptional coordinator of T cell effector programs, but also as a therapy-specific, subset-dependent determinant that differentially governs CD4 and CD8 T cell contributions to anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 efficacy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Saha, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minowa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shavkunov, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salmon, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keshari, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jarjour, N. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pauken, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, K. H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edelson, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gubin, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.10.681497</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bhlhe40 Coordinates T Cell Programs with Distinct CD4 and CD8 T Cell Requirements for Anti-PD-1 Versus Anti-CTLA-4]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.10.681634v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Combining Motifs, CRE Activity, And Gene Expression Data Using ML Greatly Improves the Accuracy of Tissue-Specific TF Network Maps 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.10.681634v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationReconstructing tissue-specific transcription factor (TF) networks remains challenging. TF motif-based methods often lack functional validation, while expression-based methods struggle to distinguish direct binding from indirect regulation. Integration of diverse data types is necessary to accurately prioritize functional targets directly bound by TFs across human tissues.

ResultsWe introduce METANet, a supervised ensemble learning framework that combines TF motifs, cis-regulatory element activity, and linear and non-linear expression-derived features to predict TF binding. Applied to 36 human tissues, METANet significantly outperforms established methods in identifying direct, functional targets of TFs validated by ChIP-seq and gene ontology. Furthermore, METANet captures tissue-specific regulation comparable to existing methods, allowing the identification of reproducible gene-trait associations.

Availability and ImplementationAll code and network maps are freely available at Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17309371.

Contactbrent@wustl.edu.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jung, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acharya, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruskin, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akbary Moghaddam, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erdenebaatar, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brent, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.10.681634</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Combining Motifs, CRE Activity, And Gene Expression Data Using ML Greatly Improves the Accuracy of Tissue-Specific TF Network Maps]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.13.681545v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comprehensive benchmarking of somatic single-nucleotide variant and indel detection at ultra-low allele fractions using short- and long-read data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.13.681545v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mosaic mutations in normal tissues occur at low variant allele fractions (VAFs), complicating detection. To benchmark strategies, the SMaHT Network created a cell-line mixture (1:49) and produced ultra-deep whole-genome sequencing using short and long reads (five centers, 180-500x each). We assembled a reference of 44,008 mosaic SNVs and 2,059 Indels, cross-validation between platforms to expose limits of short-read analysis. We also partitioned the genome by mappability to examine the impact of genomic context, added a negative reference set, and accounted for culture-derived mutations. When seven institutions applied eleven algorithms to mixture data, call sets were largely discordant across tools and replicates, partly reflecting stochastic presence of low-VAF mutations in biological replicants. For >2% VAF SNVs, sensitivity and precision approached [~]80% at [&ge;]300x, with little gain from additional sequencing. This work provides a comprehensive framework for reliable detection of low-VAF mutations in non-cancer tissues and a valuable resource for the community.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ha, Y.-J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maziec, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markowski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Georges, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parmalee, N. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berselli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coorens, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gardiner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalra, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Musunuri, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Au, N. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cibulskis, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doddapaneni, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grochowski, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensen, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindsay, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loy, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narayan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narzisi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Runnels, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stergachis, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sutherlin, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veit, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chun, H.-J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ardlie, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fulton, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Germer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibbs, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marth, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.13.681545</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comprehensive benchmarking of somatic single-nucleotide variant and indel detection at ultra-low allele fractions using short- and long-read data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.13.682124v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Refining RDoC Using Individual-Level Task fMRI Factor Models Reveals Reproducible Brain-wide Motifs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.13.682124v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework was introduced to guide psychiatric research using biologically grounded, dimensional constructs of mental function. However, its current hierarchical domain structure remains largely unvalidated against individual-level brain imaging data. Building on our prior group-level work showing that data-driven bifactor models outperform RDoC-based models, we applied a multi-stage validation framework to Human Connectome Project (HCP) task fMRI data to test whether individual-level, empirically derived models more accurately reflect the intrinsic organization and behavioral relevance of brain activity. Using confirmatory factor analysis in two independent cohorts, we found that individual-level, data-driven bifactor models consistently outperformed RDoC-based models across multiple fit indices in both training and validation sets. The general factor derived from these models revealed a reproducible macroscale gradient spanning visual-attentional to auditory-default mode networks, aligning with canonical resting-state gradients and supporting its interpretation as a domain-general axis of large-scale brain organization. Applying community detection to subject-specific factor representations revealed four spatial motifs whose centroids corresponded to interpretable brain systems and were robustly reproduced across cohorts. Similarity to these centroids predicted individual task performance in working memory and relational reasoning, as measured by both raw accuracy and latent performance factors. To further assess organizational validity, we applied Mapper--a topological data analysis method-- to contrast maps, generating unsupervised graph representations of task-evoked brain activity. Mapper graphs annotated with data-driven centroids showed greater modularity than those annotated with RDoC domains, suggesting that the data-driven framework better captures the topological structure of individual functional brain states. Together, these findings demonstrate that individual-level, data-driven factor models provide a more accurate, interpretable, and behaviorally relevant account of brain organization than the current RDoC framework. By modeling inter-individual variability directly from neuroimaging data, this approach advances precision neuroscience and supports the empirical refinement of dimensional psychiatric frameworks such as RDoC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Quah, S. K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madsen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pirzada, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uddin, L. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mumford, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barch, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gotlib, I. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fair, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poldrack, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saggar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.13.682124</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Refining RDoC Using Individual-Level Task fMRI Factor Models Reveals Reproducible Brain-wide Motifs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.14.682366v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ConforFold Recovers Alternative Protein Conformations Beyond MSA Subsampling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.14.682366v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Conformational changes underlie many aspects of protein function, yet current structure prediction tools remain limited in their ability to systematically sample structural ensembles. Here, we present ConforPSSP and ConforFold, a combined framework that integrates secondary-structure sampling into deep learning-based prediction to recover multiple protein conformational states. ConforPSSP employs a transformer model trained on multi-residue fragments to generate diverse 8-state protein secondary structure predictions (PSSPs), which are then used to condition a retrained OpenFold model (ConforFold). ConforFold achieved state-of-the-art performance in conformer recovery. On our test dataset of protein samples with two alternative conformations, it correctly identified both conformers in 84% of cases at TM-scores[&ge;]0.8, outperforming AlphaFlow (75.4%), which uses diffusion-based sampling, and Cfold, which relies on MSA clustering. Combining ConforFold with AlphaFlow further improved recovery rates while retaining the complementary strengths of both approaches. These results establish ConforFold as a broadly applicable framework for modeling structural ensembles. By explicitly integrating secondary structure it recovers conformations inaccessible to MSA-based subsampling or diffusion models, offering a new avenue for investigating conformational heterogeneity, mechanistic transitions, and the structural basis of protein function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Syrlybaeva, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strauch, E.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.14.682366</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ConforFold Recovers Alternative Protein Conformations Beyond MSA Subsampling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.14.682328v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications of BRAF Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.14.682328v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mutations in the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway are recurrent in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), primarily involving NRAS and KRAS. In contrast, mutations in the gene encoding an effector protein, BRAF, occur at relatively lower frequencies in AML and are associated with poor outcomes. To date, no comprehensive analysis has assessed the clinical and molecular characteristics of BRAF-mutated AML. In this study, we report the identification of canonical and non-canonical BRAF mutations in [~]1% of 5,779 consecutive clinically and molecularly fully-annotated AML patients treated at two major United States Cancer Centers (50/5779 AML patients: 21 newly diagnosed AML; 9 relapsed/refractory; 20 newly diagnosed secondary AML). We performed single-cell multiomic analysis on a subset of AML samples. BRAF mutations were enriched in myelodysplasia-related AML (AML-MR), and most mutations were located outside the V600 hotspot. Single-cell multiomic profiling delineated BRAF mutation class-specific patterns of co-mutations, clonality, and immunophenotypes. Notably, BRAF mutations and other signaling co-mutation(s) could be found in the same cell, a finding that significantly diverges from prior studies of RAS-mutant AML. In this cohort, BRAF-mutant AML patients had poor overall survival with currently available treatments, including venetoclax-based regimens. Drug sensitivity data suggest possible avenues for targeted treatment of BRAF-mutated AML.

Statement of SignificanceCanonical and non-canonical BRAF mutations are enriched in AML-MR and associate with poor survival outcomes. Single-cell multiomic profiling revealed unique co-mutation patterns and immunophenotypes that highlight RAS pathway addiction and nominate BRAF-mutated disease as a distinct subtype within RAS pathway-aberrated leukemias. Drug sensitivity screens suggest broad CDK or HSP90 inhibition in addition to BRAF/RAS-directed inhibition may be effective targeted therapies in this prognostically poor AML subtype.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abu-Shihab, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plas, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicolet, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mrozek, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Routbort, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buss, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stiff, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laganson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiNardo, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daver, N. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kadia, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravandi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carroll, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolitz, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Powell, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blum, W. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baer, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcucci, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uy, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stock, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stone, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medeiros, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Byrd, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blachly, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tyner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loghavi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eisfeld, A.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miles, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.14.682328</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications of BRAF Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.15.682551v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Persistence of vestibular function in the absence of glutamatergic transmission from hair cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.15.682551v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Quantal synaptic transmission in vestibular end-organs is glutamatergic. Although genetic deletion of Slc17a8 (termed Vglut3) leads to deafness in mice, the dependence of vestibular function on VGLUT3-mediated quantal transmission is unknown. Here, we investigated the vestibular phenotype of Vglut3-/- mice at the cellular, systems, and behavioral levels. The type-II vestibular hair cells (VHCs) in Vglut3+/+mice were strongly immunoreactive for VGLUT3, while type-I VHCs showed poor immunoreactivity. In Vglut3-/- mice quantal synaptic transmission in utricular calyces was reduced in rate and amplitude by > 95%. In vivo recordings of spontaneous activity in the vestibular nerve revealed similar action potential rates and regularity in Vglut3+/+and Vglut3-/- mice, suggesting a divergent underlying mechanism compared to the silent Vglut3-/- auditory nerve. In behavioral studies, Vglut3-/- mice did not exhibit considerable sensorimotor or balance deficits. Collectively, these data support the view that non-quantal transmission is the predominant mode of neurotransmission between type I VHCs and vestibular calyceal afferent neurons. We propose that non-quantal transmission alone underlies the apparently normal vestibular nerve physiology and behavioral function in Vglut3-/- mice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mukhopadhyay, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Modgekar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang-Hood, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ohlemiller, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Militchin, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rensing, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seal, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warchol, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maloney, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuede, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rutherford, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pangrsic, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.15.682551</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Persistence of vestibular function in the absence of glutamatergic transmission from hair cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.15.682625v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Asymmetry in hydrophobicity induces electric potential in non-charged protein condensates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.15.682625v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The capacity of biomolecular condensates to establish and modulate electrochemical equilibria is emerging as an important functioning mechanism in cellular biochemistry. However, the physical chemistry basis of the electric potentials arising from biomacromolecular phase transitions remains unclear. Here, we show that asymmetry in hydrophobicity, which is a generalizable feature in condensate system, can directly encode an electric potential gradient between the dilute and the dense phases. We demonstrate that using a non-charged intrinsically disordered protein, ion-dependent kosmotropic effect can encode measurable pH and interphase potential gradients into condensate. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations further reveal that the distinct intrinsic transfer free energy of ions defines the ion partitioning capability of condensates via favorable interactions with protein backbones. The simulation also shows the existence of both interfacial and interphase electric potentials. These built-in potentials modulate the partitioning and reactivity of charged solutes, enabling non-enzymatic, potential-dependent chemistry within condensates. Our findings identify hydrophobic asymmetry as a simple and generalizable mechanism for charging biological matter, linking water activity and ion energetics to the emergent electrochemistry of condensates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.15.682625</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Asymmetry in hydrophobicity induces electric potential in non-charged protein condensates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.13.682185v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CIViC MCP: Integrating Large Language Models with the Clinical Interpretations of Variants in Cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.13.682185v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryThe Clinical Interpretation of Variants in Cancer (CIViC) knowledgebase provides a community-driven, open-source platform for discussing the biological and clinical significance of molecular variants in cancer. To enable users to make complex connections between CIViC information, we developed the CIViC Model Context Protocol (MCP) server, which allows users to interface with the CIViC API through natural language via large language models (LLMs), facilitating the rapid summarization of expertly curated cancer variant interpretations.

Availability and implementationThe CIViC MCP server is detailed at https://github.com/griffithlab/civic-mcp-server. The repository includes instructions for accessing the server through the Claude desktop app (our recommended approach; Supplementary Figure 1) and hosting it locally with GPT-5, as well as a Python script for directly querying the MCP server. We also provide an MCP-supported Chatbot for CIViC users at https://civicdb.org/mcp-chat.

Supplemental informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schimmelpfennig, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cody, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMichael, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coffman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saliba, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danos, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiwala, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanz-Cruzado, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lever, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffith, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffith, O. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.13.682185</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CIViC MCP: Integrating Large Language Models with the Clinical Interpretations of Variants in Cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.16.682669v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An unconventional HxD motif orchestrates coatomer-dependent coronavirus morphogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.16.682669v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Assembly of infectious coronaviruses requires spike (S) protein trafficking by host coatomer, typically via a dibasic signal in the S cytoplasmic tail. However, the human embecoviruses HKU1 and OC43, as well as the model virus MHV, lack this motif. Here we identify a conserved His-x-Asp (HxD) sequence that functions as an unconventional coatomer-binding signal. Structural and biochemical analyses show that the MHV HxD motif engages coatomer subunits through distinct conformations, while cellular imaging demonstrates its role in directing S to assembly sites with the viral M-protein. Disruption of HxD-coatomer interactions impairs S incorporation and provokes compensatory viral adaptations, including emergence of a canonical dibasic motif or mutations in M-protein. Electron microscopy further reveals profound alterations in virion surface architecture. These findings uncover HxD as a previously unrecognized coatomer-targeting motif, highlighting an unexpected flexibility in coronavirus assembly pathways and broadening understanding of the cellular machinery that shapes coronavirus morphogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mohona, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shakya, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kearns, F. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jemison, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erramilli, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dey, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qing, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jennings, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doray, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kossiakoff, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaro, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klose, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallagher, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasan, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.16.682669</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An unconventional HxD motif orchestrates coatomer-dependent coronavirus morphogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.17.683134v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Impact of a Western Diet with High Salt on Metabolic Outcomes in Male C57bl/6J Mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.17.683134v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveThe Western diet promotes obesity and metabolic disease by increasing caloric intake and systemic inflammation. The typical Western diet is high in saturated fats, sugars, and salt. In pre-clinical rodent studies, the "Western" diet (also called the high-fat high-sucrose diet (HFHS)) is high in saturated fats and sugars (typically sucrose) but low in salt (<1% salt). As such, we sought investigate the impact of a chronic 3% NaCl Western diet (high-fat, high-sucrose + high salt (HFHS + Salt)) diet on systemic organ metabolism, liver mitochondrial function, and adipose tissue.

MethodsThirty-six 8 week-old C57Bl/6J male mice were fed either a low-fat diet (LFD), a HFHS, or a HFHS + Salt diet for 16 weeks. Body weight, body composition, and food intake were monitored weekly. Glucose tolerance tests (GTT) and insulin concentrations were measured after 8 weeks of diet intervention to assess glucose and insulin homeostasis. Mice were euthanized at 16 weeks for liver mitochondrial respiration and tissue analysis.

ResultsOver 16 weeks, the HFHS fed group gained significantly more weight than the other diet groups. Liver weights were similar in LFD and HFHS + Salt groups but higher in the HFHS group. Liver triglycerides (TAGs) were also similar between LFD and HFHS + Salt groups, while HFHS had elevated liver TAGs. Inguinal and brown adipose tissue depots were larger in both HFHS and HFHS + Salt vs. LFD. Surprisingly, the gonadal adipose tissue was significantly larger in the HFHS + Salt compared to HFHS and LFD groups - suggesting that a HFHS + Salt exacerbates gonadal adipose expansion more than typical rodent HFHS. Paradoxically, the addition of salt appears to have dampened expression of inflammation related genes (Ccl2 & Adgre1) in adipose tissue compared to HFHS alone. Metabolically, the HFHS+ Salt fed mice showed the highest glucose intolerance, followed by HFHS and then LFD groups. Liver mitochondrial respiration, assessed by changing ATP/ADP ratios, showed the HFHS group with the highest oxygen consumption, followed by HFHS + Salt, then LFD groups, highlighting differences in respiration with additional salt (HFHS vs HFHS + Salt).

ConclusionWhile the excess salt mitigated some HFHS effects on weight gain and hepatic lipid accumulation, it exacerbated gonadal adipose expansion and impaired glucose tolerance. HFHS increased mitochondrial respiration, but salt addition appeared to dampen this effect. Dietary salt, within a high-fat/high-sucrose context, has differential impacts on metabolic outcomes compared to HFHS alone, underscoring the need for further research to fully understand how Western diets (high-fat, high-sucrose, and high salt) impact all aspects of metabolic health.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ponte, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prom, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yerrathota, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devkota, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ha, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, E. M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lutkewitte, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.17.683134</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Impact of a Western Diet with High Salt on Metabolic Outcomes in Male C57bl/6J Mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.20.683288v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The effect of two distinct viral-enriched inocula on the immune response and chemical cues in honey bee pupae 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.20.683288v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The combination of Varroa destructor (Varroa) and the viruses it vectors is a major driver of honey bee (Apis mellifera) colony losses. Hygienic behavior and individual immunity enable bees to cope with some pests and parasites. Hygienic response of adult bees is driven by olfactory cues emanating from diseased brood. In this study, we tested the effect of viral inoculation on the chemical profile and immune response of pupae, independently of Varroa.

We injected pupae with various doses of an enriched inocula of either a deformed wing virus (DWV) B-A recombinant or Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) and followed their development and survival for five days. At the end of the five-day period, volatile profiles, viral loads, and expression of seven immune genes were assessed. Both IAPV and the DWV loads increased to equivalent high levels irrespective of the initial dose applied. Notably, greater rates of mortality (60% loss) were observed with the highest IAPV dose when compared to the lowest IAPV dose (15% loss). The DWV inoculum, caused limited mortality but nonetheless inhibited pupae development. The IAPV injected pupae showed evidence of a dose dependent DWV amplification from either a DWV variant in the original IAPV inoculum or from an endogenous source of DWV in the pupae themselves. IAPV-injected pupae had lower expression of immune genes than DWV-injected pupae, suggesting IAPV inhibits the pupae immune response. Overall, among the seven tested immune genes six were upregulated with only vago downregulated, suggesting inhibition of the RNAi pathway following infection. Chemical cues of mock and untreated pupae were similar, but notably different from the virus-injected pupae for both inocula. Our findings show that Varroa-independent virus inoculated pupae produce unique virus-specific chemical cues; the ultimate consequence of such a change might lead to virus specific bee behavioral responses.

Authors summaryThis study investigated how two major honey bee viruses, Deformed Wing Virus (DWV) and Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus (IAPV), affect pupae independent of the Varroa mite, which typically spreads them. This study was conducted in the laboratory on incubated pupae isolated from the colony and injected with two viral preparations (inocula). We tested the impact after five-days incubation. The results show that both viruses reach high levels in pupae, though IAPV inoculum proved far more deadly (up to 60% mortality) and appeared to suppress the pupaes immune response, possibly even amplifying co-occurring DWV. While less lethal, the DWV inoculum still inhibited normal development. Interestigly, the virus-infected pupae produced distinct, virus-specific chemical cues--unique volatile profiles different from healthy controls. Since adult honey bees use olfactory cues to detect and remove diseased brood (hygienic behavior), these findings suggest that the viruses themselves generate the "scent of sickness," which could trigger colony-wide behavioral responses and offer a vital target for enhancing the bees natural defenses against these major drivers of colony loss.

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=110 SRC="FIGDIR/small/683288v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Erez, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osabutey, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonda, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Otmy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levin-Nikulin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hesketh-Best, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferreira, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spivak, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schroeder, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chejanovsky, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soroker, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.20.683288</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The effect of two distinct viral-enriched inocula on the immune response and chemical cues in honey bee pupae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.20.683458v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Brain Dynamics of Mental Manipulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.20.683458v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Humans effortlessly juggle their internal thoughts, but the neuronal dynamics that support mental manipulation are largely unknown. Leveraging the high spatiotemporal fidelity of intracranial recordings in humans (N = 30), we provide evidence that mental sound manipulation involves the inhibition of sensory cortex and the coordinated engagement of memory and control networks. This modulation manifests in two ways. First, there is a shift in the balance between faster (> 30 Hz) and slower (< 30 Hz) dynamics in primary and secondary auditory areas, suggesting a decrease in local excitability. Second, there is a distributed increase in oscillatory synchrony (6-10 Hz), which predicts imagery vividness and task performance. This evidence points to a key role of local excitability and inter-areal synchrony in the manipulation of thought.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Quiroga-Martinez, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez-Rubio, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonetti, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blenkmann, A. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Endestad, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solbakk, A.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meling, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fabricius, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McManus, O. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willie, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunner, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dastjerdi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.20.683458</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Brain Dynamics of Mental Manipulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.22.683948v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
N-cadherin in osteolineage cells restrains breast cancer cell growth via inhibition of a PI3K-dependent, Tgf-β1-driven feed-forward loop 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.22.683948v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tumor growth and metastases are affected by interactions between tumor and microenvironment cells. We have reported the presence of Sp7-positive cells with an osteogenic signature in primary mouse breast cancer, where they stimulate tumor growth; and genetic ablation of Cdh2 (encoding N-cadherin) in these cells enhances their pro-tumorigenic action. To study the molecular mechanisms of this biologic system, we used MC3T3 cells, phenotypically similar to tumor associated osteolineage cells. Ablation of Cdh2 in MC3T3 cells enhances PI3K-Akt-{beta}-catenin signaling in response to transforming growth factor-{beta}1 (Tgf-{beta}1), resulting in increased production of Tgf-{beta}1. Interference with PI3K activity is mediated by N-cadherin binding to PI3K components, p85 and p100, resulting in reduced activation of PI3K-Akt-{beta}-catenin signaling. Downstream, Cdh2 ablation enhances Tgf-{beta}1-induced binding of Sp1 and Lef-1 to the Tgfb1 promoter, leading to increased promoter activity and enhanced Tgf-{beta}1 production. This is associated with miR-21 up-regulation and decreased expression of Pten, a PI3K inhibitor. MC3T3 cells promote growth of breast cancer cells (BCC) when co-cultured in vitro or co-injected in mouse mammary fat pad, and Cdh2-deficiency enhances this pro-tumorigenic effect. Notably, genetic ablation of the Tgf-{beta}1 receptor subunit, Tgfbr1, in BCC abrogates the pro-tumorigenic action of MC3T3 cells and its enhancement by Cdh2 ablation. Finally, Sp7-driven Tgfbr1 ablation in mice also reduces the growth of BCC in the mammary fat pad. Thus, autocrine Tgf-{beta}1 production via PI3K-Akt-{beta}-catenin signaling is a key mechanism by which osteolineage cells promote BCC growth, an action restrained by Ncad via interference with PI3K components.

HighlightsO_LIIn tumor-associated osteolineage cells, N-cadherin reduces the growth of breast tumors; it also inhibits Tgf-{beta}1-activated PI3K/AKT/{beta}-catenin signaling
C_LIO_LITgf-{beta}1 produced by tumor microenvironment cells stimulates breast cancer cell growth and further autocrine production of Tgf-{beta}1
C_LIO_LIThe anti-tumorigenic action of N-cadherin is mediated by a braking effect on a Tgf-{beta}1-driven, pro-tumorigenic, feed-forward cycle between microenvironment and tumor cells.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sugatani, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campioli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujimoto, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Civitelli, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.22.683948</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[N-cadherin in osteolineage cells restrains breast cancer cell growth via inhibition of a PI3K-dependent, Tgf-β1-driven feed-forward loop]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.22.683999v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Canonical decision computations underlie behavioral and neural signatures of cooperation in primates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.22.683999v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Successful cooperation requires dynamic integration of social cues. However, the neural mechanisms supporting this complex process remain unknown. Here, we reveal that the primate dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) implements a gaze-dependent social evidence accumulation process to guide cooperative decisions in freely moving marmoset dyads. A drift-diffusion process in which the partners action variability is accumulated by social gaze best explains the cooperative actions of the actor. Single-neuron recordings in dmPFC revealed a direct neural correlate: the slope of predictive ramping activity mapped directly onto the rate of evidence accumulation, while baseline firing, modulated by prior outcomes, mapped onto the initial bias. At the population level, the geometry of dmPFC neural trajectories reflected the strength of social evidence and was linked to cooperative success. Together, these findings establish a multi-level neural mechanism for transforming active sensing into a decision variable, linking a canonical computation to cooperative behavior in a naturalistic setting.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shi, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meisner, O. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jadi, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, S. W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nandy, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.22.683999</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Canonical decision computations underlie behavioral and neural signatures of cooperation in primates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.21.683696v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Variable and conserved features of copy-back viral genome populations generated de novo during Sendai virus infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.21.683696v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Copy-back viral genomes (cbVGs) are generated during the replication of negative-sense RNA viruses when the polymerase drops off from the genome and reattaches to the nascent strand. cbVGs have strong immunostimulatory properties and impact infection outcomes. Despite their importance, the composition and mechanisms of de novo cbVG generation and accumulation remain unclear due to challenges in obtaining cbVG-free virus stocks (clean stocks). Here, we obtained several clean stocks by independently rescuing recombinant Sendai virus (SeV) six times and verified their cleanliness through PCR, RNA sequencing, and absence of immunostimulatory activity. High multiplicity-of-infection passaging of clean stocks produced six high-MOI passaged stocks, each with distinct cbVG populations. Among them, polymerase drop-off (break) positions occurred throughout the genome, while polymerase reattachment (rejoin) positions preferentially occurred near the trailer end. Few common breaks were observed between stocks, while there was a hot rejoin region near the trailer end. In each stock, a few cbVG species dominated and remained stable across passages, all conforming to the  rule of six, regardless of length. Low-abundance cbVGs were variable across passages, indicating the continuous generation of new cbVGs, despite the stabilization of a subset of species. Intriguingly, cbVG species which originated from polymerase drop-off at or close to nucleotide 1 were present in all stocks, suggesting that cbVG species originating at the 3 end of the genome are conserved products of SeV replication.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.21.683696</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Variable and conserved features of copy-back viral genome populations generated de novo during Sendai virus infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.23.684153v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Androgens Drive SOX9 Upregulation in Injured Proximal Tubular Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.23.684153v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionSex influences susceptibility, recovery, and long-term outcomes after acute kidney injury (AKI) in humans. Rodent models have been invaluable for elucidating AKI mechanisms; however, most studies have focused on males, assuming direct applicability to females, an assumption that remains largely untested. In males, the transcription factor SOX9 regulates injury-associated proximal tubule cell states, supporting survival during injury but also contributing to maladaptive repair. Given the well-described role of SOX9 in sex determination during development and its emerging importance in AKI, we investigated whether it mediates sex-specific tubular responses in the adult kidney.

MethodsWe first optimized differential ischemic and cisplatin conditions in males and females to generate injury-matched models. We then used these models to ask whether proximal tubular cell responses, particularly Sox9 upregulation, are sex dependent. Tubule-specific knockout models of Sox9, Sox4, Sox11, Vgf, Zfp24, and the androgen receptor (Ar), along with gonadectomy and hormone replacement studies, combined with gene and protein analyses, were used to define regulatory networks.

ResultsIn both ischemic and nephrotoxic AKI, SOX9 expression was markedly blunted in females, with levels more than fivefold lower than in males. While injury biomarkers such as NGAL and KIM1 were equally induced in both sexes, Sox9 and its downstream target Vgf showed markedly reduced induction in females, whereas the upstream regulator Zfp24 was functionally relevant only in males. Deletion of Sox9, Zfp24, or Vgf worsened injury in males but not in females. In contrast, Sox4 and Sox11 were equally upregulated and protective in both sexes. Castration or proximal tubule-specific deletion of Ar in males abolished Sox9 induction, establishing a testosterone-dependent regulatory axis.

ConclusionsThese findings define a hormone-driven, male-specific tubular repair program and demonstrate that injury and recovery pathways differ fundamentally between sexes, underscoring the need for sex-inclusive therapeutic strategies for AKI.

Translational StatementSex influences susceptibility and outcomes after AKI, but the molecular basis remains unclear. SOX9, a transcription factor recently identified as one of the most highly upregulated genes in proximal tubular cells during AKI in both mice and humans, has been presumed to mediate a universal protective program. Using injury-matched murine models of AKI, we now demonstrate that this response is restricted to males, driven by testosterone and androgen receptor signaling, while SOX9 induction is markedly blunted and functionally dispensable in females. These findings reveal that tubular protective pathways differ fundamentally between sexes despite equivalent injury severity. Because SOX9 activation confers epithelial protection in males, therapeutic targeting of this pathway may have clinical relevance primarily in male patients. These data underscore the importance of incorporating biological sex into mechanistic, translational, and clinical studies of kidney injury and recovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vermillion Allison, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xuanyuan, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stayton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silvaroli, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karel, I. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thorson, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sloane, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thailammanal, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scindia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coss, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zepeda-Orozco, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolisetty, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mallipattu, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humphreys, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bajwa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pabla, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.23.684153</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Androgens Drive SOX9 Upregulation in Injured Proximal Tubular Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.24.684192v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Preoptic activation induces a torpor-like hypothermic and hypometabolic state that is cerebroprotective 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.24.684192v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Therapeutic hypothermia for stroke has been limited by shivering, increased metabolic demand, and poor patient tolerance. Engaging endogenous thermoregulatory circuits to lower body temperature may overcome these limitations and modulate metabolism, offering an integrated approach to cerebroprotection. Here, we show that chemogenetic activation of neurons in the preoptic area (POA) elicits a torpor-like state in mice, characterized by sustained hypothermia and hypometabolism. In an animal stroke model, this endogenous hypothermic state significantly reduced infarct volume and improved motor outcomes compared to controls, whereas maintaining normothermia attenuated these protective effects. To explore metabolic mechanisms contributing to this state, we performed untargeted metabolomic profiling 30 minutes after POA activation and identified coordinated shifts in nucleotide, phospholipid, and sphingolipid pathways. These rapid, temperature-dependent changes indicate a metabolically reprogrammed state that may enhance neuronal resilience during ischemic stress. Together, our findings suggest that POA-driven hypothermia confers cerebroprotection through specific metabolic adaptations with translational potential.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kamal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzales, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohamad Ibrahim, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skelton, H. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly Cuenca, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuede, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patti, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shriver, L. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norris, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landsness, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.24.684192</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Preoptic activation induces a torpor-like hypothermic and hypometabolic state that is cerebroprotective]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.24.684242v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
VDAC activation inhibits hippocampal plasticity via NLRP3 inflammasome & caspase-1: modulation by allopregnanolone enantiomers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.24.684242v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs) are the most abundant proteins in the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) and key regulators of mitochondrial function under physiological and pathological conditions. These channels are modulated by multiple agents and are known binding sites for neuroactive steroids (NAS) including allopregnanolone (AlloP). Using erastin, an agent that promotes VDAC activation by preventing inhibition by tubulin, we assessed the impact of VDAC activation on hippocampal function. Brief erastin administration had no effect on basal transmission but completely inhibited induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the Schaffer collateral pathway of rat hippocampal slices. This LTP inhibition was prevented by VBIT-4, an agent that inhibits VDAC oligomerization. VDAC-mediated LTP inhibition was also prevented by inhibitors of the NLRP3 inflammasome and caspase-1, downstream effectors of VDACs, but not by inhibition of cGAS-STING, narrowing the neuroinflammatory pathways involved. Similarly, effects of erastin were prevented by AlloP and at lower concentrations by its unnatural enantiomer (ent-AlloP), an agent that unlike AlloP has little effect on GABAA receptors. Erastin also inhibited memory formation in a hippocampal-dependent form of one-trial learning and these effects were prevented by VBIT-4 and ent-AlloP, but not by a non-sedating dose of AlloP. These results have relevance for understanding the role of VDACs as mediators of neuronal stress and for the further development of NAS as neurotherapeutics and modulators of cellular stress.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTVoltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs) are important regulators of mitochondrial function, playing roles in cellular metabolism, stress responses and neuroinflammation, and contribute to the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric illnesses. Here we show that erastin, an agent that activates VDACs initiates specific neuroinflammatory responses to acutely disrupt synaptic plasticity in the rodent hippocampus and abrogate learning. These adverse effects are prevented by the neuroactive steroids allopregnanolone, which binds VDACs and is used clinically for postpartum depression, and its unnatural enantiomer, suggesting that these agents could have therapeutic effects in a broad range of brain illnesses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Izumi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Dell, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Covey, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mennerick, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zorumski, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.24.684242</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[VDAC activation inhibits hippocampal plasticity via NLRP3 inflammasome & caspase-1: modulation by allopregnanolone enantiomers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.21.683502v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Seventy-five Years of Systematic Biology: Looking Back, Moving Forward 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.21.683502v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractWhat does "systematic biology" mean today, where has it been in the past, and where is it going? We explore these questions by considering five elements - collaboration, integration, discourse, infrastructure, and society - that we think have allowed systematic biology to adapt to change and sustain growth without losing its unique identity. In the spirit of celebrating the 75th anniversary of our flagship journal, we generated a comprehensive dataset for all Systematic Biology and Systematic Zoology articles that we could locate (N = 5,150) and used bibliometric and textual analyses to illustrate ways in which our field has transformed over time. We offer our humble opinions on how our community can ensure that systematic biologists inherit an enlightening, dynamic, and enduring future.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Landis, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donoghue, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.21.683502</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Seventy-five Years of Systematic Biology: Looking Back, Moving Forward]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.27.684948v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The actin assembly regulator toca-1 regulates collateral branching in C. elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.27.684948v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuronal branching is essential for establishing complex neural circuits. Many axons and dendrites in the CNS branch, forming complex process arbors. Some of these branches are formed during initial outgrowth and often occur via bifurcation of the growth cones of the extending neuronal processes. However, others are formed de novo by branch extension from a previously existing neurite. This process is often referred to as collateral branching. Here, we investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying this process. We show that in C. elegans, collateral branching of the PLM neuron is mediated by an actin assembly process guided by Transducer of CDC-42-Dependent Actin assembly-1 (TOCA-1). This scaffolding protein is recruited to the branching site at the time of branch formation. cdc-42 and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor dock-11 are also required for branch formation. Biochemically, TOCA-1 has been demonstrated to recruit WASP-1 and activate the Arp2/3 complex to promote actin assembly. In vivo, both wsp-1 and the Arp2/3 complex mutants also disrupt branch formation. While loss of TOCA-1 disrupts branching, it does not influence anterior-posterior (AP) or dorsal-ventral (DV) positioning of the branch, in contrast to previously defined branching regulators. Our data support a model in which TOCA-1 acts downstream of AP and DV positioning factors, directly orchestrating filopodial extension to form the nascent branch.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brinck, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nonet, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.27.684948</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The actin assembly regulator toca-1 regulates collateral branching in C. elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.28.685098v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adipocytes are dispensable in shaping the ovarian cancer tumor microenvironment in the omentum 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.28.685098v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The omentum, a specialized adipose tissue within the peritoneum, is a primary niche for ovarian cancer (OC) dissemination during peritoneal carcinomatosis. Traditionally, omental adipocytes are thought to promote OC growth by supplying lipids, supported by evidence that global FABP4 deficiency reduces tumor progression. Here, we generated mice lacking mature adipocytes in the peritoneum, including the omentum. ID8p53-/-Brca2-/-, BPPNM, and KPCA OC cells retained a propensity to seed regions typically associated with adipocytes, even without mature adipocytes. However, the lack of mature adipocytes did not suppress peritoneal OC expansion, whereas removing the adipocyte-free omentum did. Murine and human single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that endothelial FABP4 was high in the omentum. Indeed, endothelial cell-selective deficiency of FABP4 reduced OC growth in the peritoneum. These findings prompt a reevaluation of adipocyte contributions to OC progression and suggest a key role of the omental vasculature in supporting OC metabolic growth.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mintz, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butka, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallerand, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ning, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yiew, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wohltmann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zinselmeyer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Randolph, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.28.685098</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adipocytes are dispensable in shaping the ovarian cancer tumor microenvironment in the omentum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.29.685378v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microbiota-derived indole metabolites inhibit rotavirus infection in vitro and in vivo and in human infants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.29.685378v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rotavirus (RV) is the leading cause of life-threatening gastroenteritis in children under five despite effective RV vaccines availability, necessitating novel protective strategies for high-risk populations. Gut microbiota can modulate RV susceptibility and vaccine immunogenicity, yet underlying mechanisms are poorly characterized. Here, we demonstrate that microbiota-derived indole metabolites confer protection against RV infection. In healthy adults, higher fecal indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) levels associated with reduced fecal RV shedding following challenge. In human intestinal enteroids (HIEs), IAA pre-treatment inhibited human RV Wa G1P[8] replication via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway. In mice, treatment with AhR agonist indole-3-carbinol (I3C) significantly reduced fecal shedding of murine RV strain EDIM-Cambridge. Finally, Zambian infants with active RV infection exhibited lower fecal IAA and IPA levels than age-matched healthy controls. These findings demonstrate that microbiota-derived AhR ligands consistently inhibit RV infection across three experimental models and hold promise for protecting at-risk pediatric populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wirusanti, N. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Schajik, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frempong, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simkhada, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisher, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pucci, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piedade, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luchen, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chibuye, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simuyandi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chisenga, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silwamba, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chibesa, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nzangwa, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuntawala, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mende, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baldridge, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sovran, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, V. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.29.685378</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microbiota-derived indole metabolites inhibit rotavirus infection in vitro and in vivo and in human infants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.28.685156v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pseudouridine selects RNAs for extracellular transport 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.28.685156v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNAs move through the extracellular space to transmit information between cells, including mammalian neurons, yet how specific RNAs are channeled into these extracellular routes is unknown. Using genome-wide CRISPR screening, proteomics, and high-sensitivity transcriptomics in a neuronal model system, we identify domesticated retroviral proteins and RNA-modifying enzymes that regulate RNA loading into and transportation via extracellular vesicles. We show that the pseudouridine synthase PUS1 is a key determinant of RNA trafficking, and that its catalytic product in RNA, pseudouridine, is enriched in extracellular RNAs from transformed and primary neurons. Furthermore, the presence of pseudouridine on select RNAs is both necessary and sufficient for their extracellular export. Finally, we show that myosin light chain 6 (MYL6) is a pseudouridine-binding protein required for secretion of synthetic and endogenous RNAs. These findings reveal a biochemical code linking chemical RNA modification to extracellular transport, and establish a framework to study the function of extracellular RNAs in the nervous system and beyond.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scacchetti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shields, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reich, L. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doherty, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tasca, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lauman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chanaday, N. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conine, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonasio, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.28.685156</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pseudouridine selects RNAs for extracellular transport]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.28.685202v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microbial metabolism of mannitol as a tracer for the non-invasive measurement of oral-cecal transit 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.28.685202v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The timing of digestion after a meal reveals information essential for evaluating gastrointestinal function and overall digestive health. Alterations in transit time through the GI tract can reveal abnormalities such as delayed gastric emptying and provide critical insights into nutrient absorption dynamics. This information is particularly valuable for optimizing dietary interventions, managing metabolic conditions such as diabetes, and improving personalized nutrition strategies. Methods for measuring the oral to cecal transit time (OCTT) in murine models have significant limitations. We demonstrate a non-invasive approach in freely-moving non-anesthetized mice which quantifies the microbial digestion of the non-nutritive sweetener mannitol to CO2. We monitor cage air for the production of 13CO2 from 13C-enriched mannitol using Off-Axis Integrated Cavity Output Spectroscopy integrated with multiplexes indirect calorimetry. With this approach, we find mannitol oxidation is absent in mice following commensal depletion of the microbiota. In mice with conventional microbiota, the peak 13C-mannitol oxidation occurs proximal to the mouse cecum, allowing the quantitation of OCTT in mice. By tracking the output of 13CO2, this method provides highly granular, real-time data. We detect delayed OCTT with the use of pharmacological transit-altering compounds loperamide, a gut restricted opioid receptor agonist and also semaglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist. This approach may provide more physiologically relevant results in a range of genetic, environmental, and pharmacological research models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vieira, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langmeyer, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cortopassi, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubio, W. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kotikalapudi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flier, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bry, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banks, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.28.685202</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microbial metabolism of mannitol as a tracer for the non-invasive measurement of oral-cecal transit]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.29.685417v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Core Activation Program and Selective Regional Responsiveness of Microglia in Aging and Parabiosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.29.685417v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aging is associated with immune dysregulation in brain and is the biggest risk factor for many neurodegenerative diseases whereas rejuvenation interventions can mediate beneficial effects. Microglia are considered as a major player in the development of neurodegenerative disease yet, the molecular changes underlying brain aging and rejuvenation remain poorly understood at the single cell level. We identified and benchmarked several reproducible microglial states and a core set of genes leading to microglia activation in the mice brain. We investigated microglial heterogeneity and studied the impact of aging and parabiosis-mediated exposure of young and old blood on microglia subpopulations across four different brain regions including cerebellum, cortex, hippocampus, and striatum. We revealed region-specific differences in microglia subpopulation composition and age-related changes, with cerebellum and striatum displaying the most distinctive profiles and dynamic shifts compared to other brain regions. We consistently observed cerebellum as the most responsive, while striatum appeared distinctive by its minimal responsiveness to these interventions. Our findings highlighted the role of microglia in brain regional vulnerability and provided a foundation for microglia-targeted treatment for modulating brain aging.

HighlightsO_LIDefined the composition of different microglial populations reproducible in aging and parabiosis, benchmarking a reference for the field.
C_LIO_LIUncovered an under-appreciated core activation gene signature of microglia shared in all reactive states and regions during normal aging and old blood-induced aging.
C_LIO_LIIdentified region-specific gene expression changes and associated biological processes in microglia during aging and parabiosis
C_LIO_LIDiscovered microglial regional selectivity in response to aging and parabiosis, showing cerebellum as the most sensitive region and the striatum as the least affected.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Naz, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palovics, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamada, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wyss-Coray, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.29.685417</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Core Activation Program and Selective Regional Responsiveness of Microglia in Aging and Parabiosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.31.685620v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Specialized CD107a+ Macrophage Subset Drives Selective Mycobacterial Phagocytosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.31.685620v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Macrophages are critical for host defense against pathogens, yet their diverse roles in phagocytosis remain underexplored. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) cultured with L929 conditioned media or M-CSF differentiate into two distinct subsets: FSCloSSCloF4/80loCD11blo and FSChiSSChiF4/80hiCD11bhi cells. Through comprehensive transcriptomic, phenotypic, and functional analyses, we demonstrate that FSCloSSCloF4/80loCD11blo macrophages exhibit a specialized phagocytic program, marked by upregulated actin cytoskeleton regulators (e.g., Arp2/3 complex) and pro-inflammatory pathways (e.g., NF-{kappa}B). This subset excels at internalizing Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. bovis BCG via actin-dependent mechanisms, inhibited by cytochalasin D. Elevated surface expression of CD107a (LAMP1) and CD195 (CCR5) by FSCloSSCloF4/80loCD11blo macrophages strongly correlates with enhanced mycobacterial uptake (Spearmans {rho} = 1.0, p = 0.0028 for CD107a; {rho} = 0.83, p = 0.06 for CD195), identifying these as key markers of hyperphagocytic macrophages. These cells also produce higher levels of TNF and IL-6 in response to mycobacteria, TLR2 and TLR5 ligands, while maintaining IFN-{gamma}-mediated mycobactericidal activity comparable to the FSChiSSChi subset. In vivo, CD107a+ alveolar macrophages in BCG-infected mice preferentially bind bacilli and upregulate CD195, mirroring in vitro findings. These discoveries highlight a novel hyperphagocytic macrophage subset, offering insights into tuberculosis host defense and potential therapeutic targets.

Significance StatementThis study uncovers a specialized group of macrophages that excel at engulfing mycobacteria, a major cause of human disease. In a mouse model, these cells, marked by specific surface proteins, show unique molecular patterns and actin/cytoskeleton pathways that enhance their ability to sense and capture bacteria. By revealing how these macrophages operate differently from others, our work deepens understanding of how the immune system fights infections. The findings highlight the diversity of macrophage roles, offering new avenues for studying immune responses and further exploring targeted therapies to combat bacterial infections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Eto, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luiz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munari, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendes, D. A. G. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beck, B. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mascarin, L. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Starick, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Canesso, M. C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reis, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silveira, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bordignon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Menezes, Y. K. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mansur, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lummertz da Rocha, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bafica, A. L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.31.685620</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Specialized CD107a+ Macrophage Subset Drives Selective Mycobacterial Phagocytosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.31.685962v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Absence of cortical reorganization following an internal capsule stroke in rodents 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.31.685962v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Stroke is a leading cause of disability, causing chronic motor impairments in many survivors. Although recovery is correlated with cortical reorganization, the impact of lesion location on post-stroke reorganization is uncertain. We compared movement-related neural activity following experimental infarcts to the motor cortex (M1) or internal capsule in rats. Neural activity was recorded from motor and somatosensory regions during a skilled pellet retrieval task longitudinally during the course of recovery. Cortical lesions resulted in early behavioral recovery accompanied by widespread reductions in neural activity across ipsilesional regions, indicative of large-scale reorganization. In contrast, internal capsule lesions produced delayed recovery with no evidence of long-term ipsilesional cortical reorganization. These findings challenge the relevance of cortical reorganization for recovery from subcortical lesions and indicate that post-stroke recovery mechanisms are lesion-specific and that models targeting subcortical white matter are essential for maximizing translational relevance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cettina, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guggenmos, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sivakumar, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbay, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nudo, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bundy, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.31.685962</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Absence of cortical reorganization following an internal capsule stroke in rodents]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.01.685026v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional Connectivity Localizes a Distributed Supramodal Core for Naturalistic Viewing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.01.685026v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding the brain mechanisms that support naturalistic perception is a central goal of cognitive neuroscience. Research has progressed from studying the brain with simple unimodal stimuli to employing richer paradigms that engage visual, auditory, and language modalities in naturalistic environments. Recent multimodal encoding models have shown strong promise in modeling and predicting neural responses to such complex stimuli. Previous studies, however, have primarily focused on two modalities (visual and auditory) and often highlight regions implicated in audiovisual processing (e.g., posterior STS), but do not delineate a compact, replicable subnetwork for multimodal, naturalistic stimuli. While these studies produced valuable maps of sensory integration, their scope was restricted to two modalities and they lacked replication, leaving the full picture of the multimodal integration uncertain. Moreover, no studies have localized a compact, replicable subnetwork via FC-guided ablation under naturalistic viewing. The present study advances our understanding of naturalistic perception by identifying the most informative parcels in Schaefers brain atlas that contribute to this task. Building on our earlier work demonstrating that functional connectivity can reveal parcels critical for naturalistic perception, we refine this approach by applying "top drop/bottom drop" and "top keep/bottom keep" selection strategies as well as "broken-stick" analysis to focus on regions most relevant for multimodal integration during naturalistic viewing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fokin, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sherafati, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.01.685026</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional Connectivity Localizes a Distributed Supramodal Core for Naturalistic Viewing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.01.685815v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Model-based EEG phenotyping uncovers distinct neurocomputational mechanisms underlying learning impairments across psychopathologies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.01.685815v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BP), and schizophrenia (SCZ) involve learning impairments with poorly understood mechanisms. Understanding both the similarities and differences in these mechanisms is important to guide the development of new, targeted interventions.

Methods255 participants diagnosed with MDD (n=54), BP (n=47), SCZ (n=67) or without any diagnoses (CTRL; n=87) performed an associative learning task. Computational modeling quantified the mechanistic interplay between working memory (WM) and reinforcement learning (RL). The latent RL and WM signatures in the EEG dynamics showed shared and distinct neurocognitive mechanisms underlying learning.

ResultsAll clinical groups showed learning impairments at the behavioral level. Model-based EEG analyses linked these impairments to distinct patterns in the dynamic interplay between latent RL and WM mechanisms, contrasting with the typical patterns observed in CTRL. SCZ was characterized by reduced neural markers of WM, weakening the cooperative influence of WM onto RL (reduced WM recruitment), and reduced integration of negative feedback. Conversely, MDD was characterized by reduced reciprocal influence of RL onto WM, reducing the tendency to upregulate WM contribution with reward history (impaired WM management). Finally, BP was characterized by deficits in both WM and RL recruitment, along with higher WM decay.

ConclusionsBehavioral learning impairments that appear similar across clinical groups can be linked to distinct neurocognitive mechanisms via integrative neurocomputational modeling. Our approach provides insights into the interplay of underlying learning mechanisms and how they manifest differently across psychopathologies.

CitationThis manuscript is a preprint version of the later manuscript accepted for publication in Biological Psychiatry: Global Open Science. The content may differ from the final published version following peer review and editorial revisions.

Ging-Jehli, N.R., Rac-Lubashevsky, R., Bera, K., Roberts, A., Loder, A., Boudewyn, M.A., Carter, C.S., Erickson, M., Gold, J., Luck, S.J., Ragland, J.D., Yonelinas, A.P., MacDonald III, A.W., Barch, D.M., & Frank, M.J. (2025). Model-based EEG phenotyping uncovers distinct neurocomputational mechanisms underlying learning impairments across psychopathologies. Preprint at bioRxiv.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ging-Jehli, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rac-Lubashevsky, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bera, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loder, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boudewyn, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erickson, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gold, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luck, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ragland, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yonelinas, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacDonald, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barch, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frank, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.01.685815</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Model-based EEG phenotyping uncovers distinct neurocomputational mechanisms underlying learning impairments across psychopathologies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.02.686130v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Machine Learning Analysis of Cilia-Driven Particle Transport Distinguishes Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Cilia from Normal Cilia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.02.686130v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RationalPrimary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetic condition that results in dysmotile cilia and abnormal mucociliary clearance. Despite advances in understanding the pathogenesis of PCD, diagnosis continues to be challenging. Here we used feature-based machine learning and image-based deep learning to objectively quantify the directed particle transport of motile cilia and detect PCD-related cilia dysfunction.

MethodsFluorescent microspheres were captured on cultured multiciliated cells using high-speed video microscopy as a proxy for motile cilia function. An interactive Jython script was designed to automatically detect, track and extract raw track metrics from videos. Data was subsequently analyzed to approximate a quantifiable and visual signature of ciliary transport through a custom-built Python Package, CiliaTracks.

ResultsAirway epithelial cells were obtained from 14 individuals with genetically confirmed PCD, 10 healthy donors, and 2 patients with cystic fibrosis. A total of 602 videos (301 PCD and 301 non-PCD) were captured. Quantitative and visual analyses of fluorescent microsphere trajectories, including kinematic metrics and trajectory plots, revealed distinct motility profiles between PCD and non-PCD samples. Classical machine learning models and a convolutional neural network were employed to classify PCD using both modalities, demonstrating excellent accuracy of 95-97%, and the capacity to differentiate PCD from normal cells or cystic fibrosis.

ConclusionCilia-propelled microsphere transport exhibits unique trajectory patterns in PCD, enabling differentiation from non-PCD samples. Machine learning provides an objective and accurate framework for characterizing ciliary dysfunction, offering potential as a diagnostic tool for PCD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hadas, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neupane, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Twan, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elgamal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.02.686130</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Machine Learning Analysis of Cilia-Driven Particle Transport Distinguishes Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Cilia from Normal Cilia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.04.686468v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Signal peptidase complex mediates rotavirus VP7 processing and virion assembly 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.04.686468v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
For viruses that replicate in the proximity of or bud at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) associated membranes, proper processing of their glycoproteins is critical for successful infection. Rotavirus outer capsid protein VP7 is an ER-resident protein. However, its N-terminal signal peptide is removed by an unknown proteolytic mechanism. In this study, we leveraged tandem affinity purification followed by high-resolution mass spectrometry to profile host proteins that interact with VP7. We identified members of the signal peptidase complex (SPC) family as important host factors that facilitate rotavirus infection. CRISPR knockout or siRNA knockdown of distinct SPC subunits resulted in significant decrease in infectious rotavirus titers in a viral strain- and cell type-independent manner. While viral transcription, translation, and replication were not altered in the absence of SPC, we observed formation of abnormal viral particles by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in SPCS1 knockout cells. Mechanistically, loss of SPC proteins led to inefficient cleavage of VP7 signal peptide and severely impaired the final steps of virion maturation and assembly. Additionally, we identified residue E256 within VP7 as a key site for SPC binding. An E to R mutation abolished VP7 interaction with SPC and subsequently led to reduced viral infectivity. Taken together, these findings define SPC as a novel regulator of VP7 maturation and rotavirus assembly and highlight its role as a novel cellular target for potentially broad-spectrum antiviral therapeutic development.

Author summaryPrevious reports demonstrated that SPC is involved in the replication cycles of several members of the flavivirus family and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). As an ER-resident outer capsid protein, rotavirus VP7 must undergo proper post-translational modifications, including the cleavage of its N-terminal signal peptide, to be functionally incorporated into mature virions. However, the processing mechanism remains unknown. For the first time, our study identifies SPC as an essential regulator of rotavirus assembly by mediating the cleavage of the VP7 signal peptide. Loss of SPC impairs VP7 signal peptide cleavage and maturation, thereby disrupting correct virion assembly and reducing infectious particle production. Using Alphafold3, we predicted the VP7 residue E256 to be at the binding interface with SPC complex. Experimentally, mutation of glutamic acid to arginine (E256R) substantially weakens this interaction and results in reduced viral propagation. Our findings unveil a novel post-translational checkpoint in rotavirus regulated by SPC and underscore the promise of SPC as a broad-spectrum antiviral target, especially for rotavirus, flavivirus, and HTLV-1, whose viral glycoproteins and structural proteins require SPC processing for proper maturation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez-Tacuba, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beatty, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.04.686468</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Signal peptidase complex mediates rotavirus VP7 processing and virion assembly]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.03.686348v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Himito: a Graph-based Toolkit for Mitochondrial Genome Analysis using Long Reads 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.03.686348v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding the genetic and epigenetic regulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is essential for elucidating mechanisms of aging and disease. Long-read sequencing can span the entire mitochondrial genome and directly capture base-modification signals, yet analytical tools for such data remain limited. We developed Himito, a graph-based toolkit for analyzing mitochondrial genome using long reads. Himito filters reads originating from nuclear mitochondrial insertions (NUMTs), constructs a sequence graph to represent mtDNA diversity, assembles primary haplotypes, calls variants, and analyzes 5-methylcytosine (5mC) modifications within a unified framework. Benchmarking on high-quality reference datasets shows Himito achieves superior performance in assembly and variant calling compared with existing tools. Applied to the All of Us (AoU) v8 dataset, Himito identified pathogenic mtDNA variants, revealed population-scale haplogroup diversity, and uncovered age-related genetic and epigenetic patterns. These results demonstrate that long-read sequencing, combined with graph-based analysis, enables integrated characterization of mitochondrial genomic and epigenomic variation. Himito is available at https://github.com/broadinstitute/Himito.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Su, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durham, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casey,, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benjamin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garimella, K. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.03.686348</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Himito: a Graph-based Toolkit for Mitochondrial Genome Analysis using Long Reads]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.03.686412v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sequestration of clock proteins into repressive nuclear condensates orchestrates circadian gene repression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.03.686412v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Circadian clocks orchestrate [~]24-hour cycles in gene expression, behavior, and physiology across most organisms1. Our recent study has revealed a striking spatial organization in the nucleus during the repression phase: core clock proteins such as Drosophila PERIOD (PER) are organized into distinct nuclear foci close to the inner nuclear envelope of clock neurons, and clock-regulated genes are similarly positioned in the nucleus2. However, the functional relevance of this subnuclear organization is unknown. Here, we investigate how the spatial organization of clock proteins and chromatin regulates circadian gene repression. Given that PER partners with TIMELESS (TIM) to enact transcriptional repression, we first investigated whether TIM is also a component of these nuclear foci. Using CRISPR-Cas9 to endogenously tag TIM with mNeonGreen, we performed high-resolution live imaging in Drosophila clock neurons. We found that TIM forms nuclear foci during the repression phase that co-localize with PER condensates, whereas TIM remains diffuse in the cytoplasm of per01 null mutants. To probe the spatial relationship between these condensates and clock-regulated genes, we combined protein imaging with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) which revealed that PER/TIM condensates were positioned adjacent to, but did not overlap with, clock gene loci during the repression phase. These results suggest that core clock proteins are spatially sequestered into repressive condensates away from chromatin, providing a new framework for understanding how nuclear architecture and phase separation together orchestrate rhythmic gene expression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yadlapalli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.03.686412</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sequestration of clock proteins into repressive nuclear condensates orchestrates circadian gene repression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.04.685347v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multimerin1, not Galectin-8, Promotes Gastric Chief Cell Differentiation by Tempering WNT Signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.04.685347v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Galectins are a family of proteins that bind galactose-containing glycans. One member, galectin-8, preferentially binds galactose that contains a terminal sulfate. Aberrant expression and secretion of sulfated glycosylation epitopes, such as 3-Sulfo-LeA/C, is a feature of high-risk human foregut metaplasias. In addition, recent work has demonstrated that 3-Sulfo-LeC is a marker of mature murine zymogenic chief cells of the stomach and that 3-Sulfo-LeC epitope is secreted via cathartocytosis during the cellular transition to a metaplastic state. Based on those findings, we used Lgals8-/-mice, to determine whether galectin-8 might play a role in chief cell homeostasis. We observed delayed gastric differentiation in the Lgals8-/-mice and discovered that this phenotype was due to an unappreciated deletion of Mmrn1 and Snca in the Lgals8-/- line. We show that multimerin-1 tempers WNT stimulation of the gastric corpus at an early age, as evidenced by nuclear beta-catenin staining and proliferation throughout the gland. Because multimerin-1 is synthesized and secreted from endothelial cells and not from the epithelial compartment, these data uncover a role for mesodermal cells in epithelial developmental and maturation of the mouse stomach. As prior studies have suggested galectin-8 and multimerin-1 have overlapping functions albeit, divergent with respect to bone, future studies using pure knockouts are necessary to refine these phenotypes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicolazzi, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nwokolo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zick, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saenz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.04.685347</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multimerin1, not Galectin-8, Promotes Gastric Chief Cell Differentiation by Tempering WNT Signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.04.685928v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inducible Calling Cards: Developing Mouse Reagents for Experimentally Controlled Transposon Insertion in vivo. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.04.685928v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The piggyBac transposase enables robust forward genetic screens in mice. Further, fusions of piggyBac with specific transcription factors (TFs) enables recovery of recoverable transposons (Calling Cards) for recording location of DNA binding events in vitro and in vivo. Such applications would be enhanced by engineering inducible transposases, such that timing of recording could be precisely controlled in vivo, as has been previously developed in vitro. Here, we tested two approaches for applying inducible Calling Cards (iCC) in the murine brain. We engineered knock-ins of inducible versions of two TFs: Jun, an immediate early gene that serves as a proxy for neural activity, and Sp1, a promiscuous binder of CpG unmethylated regions that indicates active promoters. We fused hyperPiggyBac transposase and a tamoxifen-inducible domain (ERT2) to these TFs and tested the system for efficacy and temporal control of insertions, both in vitro and in vivo. Jun-iCC mice developed normally with no behavioral abnormalities, showed tamoxifen-dependent recording, and captured neural activity during pharmacologically induced seizures. Jun-iCC yields relatively low numbers of insertions, likely due to the transient expression of Jun. In contrast, Sp1-iCC provided substantially higher insertion numbers, but transgenic animals exhibited developmental abnormalities, including reduced viability, anophthalmia, and reduced body weight, suggesting that ERT2 domains may sequester Sp1 and thus significantly impact development. Nonetheless, these inducible Calling Cards mouse lines enable drug-inducible integration of transposon cargo into specific loci in the living mouse.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTransposases, like the more widely used recombinases (Cre, Flp, etc.), enable the integration of a variety of DNA sequences into the genome, but without dependence on LoxP sites. However, few mouse reagents exist for transposases. Cre has been adapted to be drug-inducible, as well as activity-regulated (e.g., FOS-TRAP). Thus, additional applications would become available if transposases could also be drug-controlled and activity-dependent. Further, there may be benefits to targeting integration to specific genomic region types (e.g., promotors). Here, we report results testing mouse lines for two drug-inducible transposase fusions to transcription factors (TF) - the promoter binding SP1, and activity dependent Jun. Both allowed genomic integration, with viability, efficiency, inducibility and targeting varying by TF-fusion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sarafinovska, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venkatesan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akinwe, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chamessian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payne, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creed, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitra, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.04.685928</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inducible Calling Cards: Developing Mouse Reagents for Experimentally Controlled Transposon Insertion in vivo.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.04.686660v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Direct Optical Quantification of Chain Collapse, Reduced Dielectric, and Water Release Driving Protein Phase Separation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.04.686660v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biomolecular condensates represent unique microenvironments that organize intracellular biology and promote biochemical reactions. However, the biomolecular interactions driving condensate phase separation are often weak, transient, and heterogeneous. Investigating the structural biology and chemical properties of condensate interiors has therefore proven experimentally challenging, often requiring the use of perturbative probes. To overcome this challenge, we combine label-free optical scattering and vibrational spectroscopy approaches spanning ultraviolet, visible, mid-infrared, and terahertz wavelengths with deep-learning-based ensemble prediction of intrinsically disordered protein conformations. Our experimental and computational results reveal that the intrinsically disordered N-terminal domain of the RNA Deadbox helicase 4 (DDX4) deviates from random coil behavior and undergoes chain collapse that correlates with phase separation, which leads to lower dielectric and reduced water content inside condensates. Our data support a model of DDX4 phase separation whereby chain collapse, reduced dielectric, and water release enhance the strength of multivalent protein-protein interactions within condensates, driving condensate growth and phase separation through positive feedback. Our study addresses the critical driving forces of biomolecular phase separation across a range of length scales, providing quantitative insights into protein-protein/protein-solvent interactions and the chemical properties of condensate interiors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Perets, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spies, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheong, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asamoto, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Min, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, E. C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.04.686660</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Direct Optical Quantification of Chain Collapse, Reduced Dielectric, and Water Release Driving Protein Phase Separation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.05.686674v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modes of action and in planta antifungal activity of Olea europaea defensin OefDef1.1-derived peptide variant 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.05.686674v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Peptide-based biopesticides represent a promising strategy for sustainable disease control in agriculture. Synthetic antifungal peptides incorporating the {gamma}-core motif of plant defensins offer multiple modes of action (MoA) and potential as biofungicides. We investigated a synthetic variant of the olive defensin OefDef1.1 for antifungal activity, structure-function relationships, and MoA against Botrytis cinerea, the necrotrophic pathogen causing gray mold. A disulfide-bridged peptide, GMAOe1C_V1*, derived from OefDef1.1 (G32-Y53) and modified with hydrophobic amino acid substitutions, inhibited B. cinerea growth in vitro and reduced lesion formation in detached leaves. Foliar application of GMAOe1C_V1* suppressed disease symptoms in pepper plants. Mechanistically, GMAOe1C_V1* rapidly permeabilized fungal plasma membranes and accumulated in vacuoles, triggering vacuolar expansion and cell death. It also inhibited protein synthesis in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a role as a translation inhibitor. Alanine scanning mutagenesis of the non-disulfide bridged variant identified the 7RHSKH11 motif as essential for antifungal activity. Circular dichroism revealed an unstructured conformation with minimal secondary structure. Transcriptomic analysis of GMAOe1C_V1* treated B. cinerea germlings showed downregulation of genes involved in mitochondrial function and amino acid biosynthesis. These findings demonstrate the potential of an olive defensin-derived peptide as a bio-inspired antifungal agent with multifaceted MoA, supporting its development for crop protection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tiwari, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sekar, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tetorya, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Usher, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.05.686674</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modes of action and in planta antifungal activity of Olea europaea defensin OefDef1.1-derived peptide variant]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.06.686417v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Unique Efg1 Fungal Virulence Regulon in the Catheterized Bladder Environment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.06.686417v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Urinary catheterization, a common procedure in hospitals and nursing home facilities, is a primary driver of hospital-acquired infections (HAI). These devices frequently lead to catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), which often progress to severe complication, sepsis, and ultimately death. The fungus Candida albicans has emerged as the second most common causative agent of CAUTIs; yet, its pathogenesis is poorly understood, which complicates development of efficient treatments. Previously, we identified the transcription factor Efg1 as a critical virulence driver in C. albicans CAUTIs. However, its specific downstream targets within the unique bladder microenvironment remained unknown. This study identifies, for the first time, the complete Efg1 regulon that is active during growth in human urine. We confirmed the clinical relevance of this discovery, finding that many of these Efg1-regulated factors are present and significantly upregulated in catheter samples from patients with C. albicans infections. Furthermore, we characterized two of these key factors, ECE1 and EED1, validating their roles both in vitro in urine conditions and in vivo using a CAUTI mouse model. Identifying the tissue-specific downstream targets of Efg1 elucidates the precise mechanism of fungal CAUTI. This knowledge provides a new roadmap for developing targeted therapeutics, offering vital antimicrobial-sparing strategies to combat these life-threatening infections.

SIGNIFICANCECatheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are common hospital-acquired infections that can lead to severe complications and death. Although most are caused by bacteria, the fungus Candida albicans is an increasingly prevalent cause, yet the pathogenesis of fungal CAUTIs is poorly understood. Previous research identified Efg1 as necessary for CAUTI, and now this study defines the urine-specific Efg1 regulon, validating its clinical relevance in catheter samples from infected patients. We further assessed how key downstream factors, Ece1 and Eed1, contribute to bladder infection. This first report of the urine-specific EFG1 network provides new targets for diagnosing and treating these life-threatening infections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>La Bella, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gervais, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kohler, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Obernuefemann, C. L. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobsen, I. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shapiro, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caparon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hultgren, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flores-Mireles, A. L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santiago-Tirado, F. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.06.686417</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Unique Efg1 Fungal Virulence Regulon in the Catheterized Bladder Environment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.06.686614v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Characterization of an Open-Channel Structure and Lateral Conduction Pathway in the Cation-Selective Pentameric Ligand-Gated Ion Channel, ELIC 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.06.686614v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Open-channel structures of multiple pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (pLGIC) have been determined, including the prokaryotic model pLGIC, ELIC (Erwinia ligand-gated ion channel). For many of these structures, it remains uncertain whether they represent the physiologic open-channel state because the conditions used for structure determination do not match those of functional measurements in cell membranes. Here, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is used to examine the ion conduction properties of the ELIC open-channel structure, which was determined using a non-desensitizing mutant called ELIC5. Results from simulations show that the pore remains stably open on the microsecond timescale, but computational electrophysiology measurements demonstrate a large outward rectification, and an inward conductance that is significantly lower than experiment. This discrepancy is attributed to a constricted extracellular domain (ECD), which restricts the passage of ions between the ECD vestibule and extracellular solution. Unbiased MD simulation of the ELIC5 structure demonstrates spontaneous widening of an intersubunit space in the ECD to expose a lateral fenestration which becomes the dominant ion conduction pathway. Computational electrophysiology of the ELIC5 MD-refined structures with a widened lateral fenestration shows better agreement with experimental single-channel recordings. Mutations of residues along the lateral ion conduction pathway show reduced single-channel conductance, supporting the importance of the lateral fenestration for ion conduction in a cation-selective pLGIC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arcario, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu-Chen, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brannigan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, W. W.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.06.686614</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Characterization of an Open-Channel Structure and Lateral Conduction Pathway in the Cation-Selective Pentameric Ligand-Gated Ion Channel, ELIC]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.06.687086v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure basis for distinct protective mechanisms of IGHV3-23 antibodies targeting influenza hemagglutinin stem 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.06.687086v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Characterization of antibodies targeting the conserved stem domain of influenza hemagglutinin (HA) is critical for developing broadly protective countermeasures against influenza virus. From a phage display human antibody library, this study discovers three group 1 HA-specific stem antibodies, namely HB31, HB34, and HB315, all of which are encoded by IGHV3-23. While HB31 and HB34 have minimal neutralization activity in vitro, their Fc-mediated effector functions lead to better in vivo protection than the potently neutralizing HB315. Consistently, cryo-EM analysis suggests that HB31 and HB34 have a higher Fc accessibility than HB315, based on their epitopes and approaching angles. HB31 and HB34 engage a pocket in the upper HA stem that is rarely targeted by known HA stem antibodies, whereas the epitope of HB315 involves the lower stem. Overall, our findings provide insights not only into the structure-function relationship of HA stem antibodies, but also into the design of next-generation influenza therapeutics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lv, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huan, Y. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pholcharee, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teo, Q. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gopal, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ardagh, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, T. J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szlembarski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, E. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wittenborn, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kasture, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mok, C. K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.06.687086</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure basis for distinct protective mechanisms of IGHV3-23 antibodies targeting influenza hemagglutinin stem]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.08.687362v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predation limits the abundance of {triangleup}gacA cheaters in Pseudomonas protegens populations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.08.687362v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In bacteria, defense against predators and competitors often requires cooperation within large clonal bacterial populations. Mutations that inactivate biosynthesis of costly molecules involved in cooperative defense can increase the growth rate of the mutants, while mutant cells continue to benefit from the efforts of wild type cells. The GacA-GacS signaling pathway regulates biosynthesis and secretion of toxic secondary metabolites and proteins that play crucial roles in bacterial defense in Pseudomonas species, including resistance to the protozoan predator Dictyostelium discoideum. A P. protegens {Delta}gacA mutant is vulnerable to predation but can benefit from protection provided by wild type cells in mixed populations. Wild type P. protegens sporadically infects D. discoideum fruiting bodies which may aid in bacterial dispersal to new environments. We found that the {Delta}gacA mutant does not infect fruiting bodies and that the wild type does not infect when at low abundance in the population. The P. protegens {Delta}gacA mutant is a cheater whose fitness under predation depends on its relative abundance. Protozoan predators can limit the abundance of {Delta}gacA mutants in Pseudomonas populations, preventing selective sweeps that could lead to the loss of the important but costly Gac regulon.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Steele, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oxender, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Queller, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strassmann, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.08.687362</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predation limits the abundance of {triangleup}gacA cheaters in Pseudomonas protegens populations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.05.685081v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Prognosis prediction using autophagy gene expression in osteosarcoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.05.685081v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Defining the transition from localized to metastatic osteosarcoma (OS) before overt dissemination is fundamental for improving survival. However, effective early diagnostic tools remain scarce, largely due to limited exploitation of the pre-metastatic tumor microenvironments own record of molecular barcode exposures encoded in cell-intrinsic stress states. We analyzed autophagy-dependent transcriptional datasets from 139 individuals to develop Auto-RS, a computational classifier that can integrate age and sex to deliver individualized risk management. The prognosis-interpretable features of Auto-RS recapitulate established molecular trajectories of metastasis at the single-cell level, capturing tumor cells intrinsic shift from proliferative to invasive states and revealing cooperative programs among cancer-associated fibroblasts and immune cells. More significantly, Auto-RS can expose chemotherapy vulnerabilities of newer drugs, providing a framework to prioritize therapeutics without direct testing in children. This framework brings a potential inflection point, where metastasis prediction and therapeutic stratification may converge to improve OS outcomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>xu, k.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>zhu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jing, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.05.685081</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Prognosis prediction using autophagy gene expression in osteosarcoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.08.687330v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
QuNex Recipes: Executable, Human-Readable Workflows for Reproducible Neuroimaging Research 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.08.687330v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Preprocessing and analysis of neuroimaging data are technically demanding, often requiring a combination of multiple software tools, modality-specific pipelines, and extensive parameter tuning to match dataset characteristics. These complexities make it difficult to document workflows in sufficient detail to ensure complete transparency and reproducibility. To address these challenges, we introduce QuNex recipes, a framework for defining and executing complete neuroimaging workflows - encompassing data onboarding, preprocessing, and analysis - in a transparent, machine- and human-readable format. Recipes are implemented as an integrated feature of the Quantitative Neuroimaging Environment & Toolbox (QuNex), a containerized, open-source platform for end-to-end multimodal and multi-species neuroimaging processing. The recipes framework enables seamless integration of QuNex commands with custom scripts and external tools, capturing every processing step and parameter setting. A fully reproducible study can thus be shared and replicated by providing only (a) the QuNex version used, (b) the recipe file, and (c) the data. This approach standardizes workflow specification, enhances transparency, and enables one-command replication of complex neuroimaging analyses. By providing a standardized way to describe and share workflows, recipes facilitate open exchange of best practices and reproducible methods within the neuroimaging community.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Demsar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kraljic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matkovic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brege, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamayo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fonteneau, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helmer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anticevic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korponay, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salavrakos, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glasser, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nickerson, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, Y. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Repovs, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.08.687330</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[QuNex Recipes: Executable, Human-Readable Workflows for Reproducible Neuroimaging Research]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.09.687453v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Precision functional imaging in infants using multi-echo fMRI at 7T 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.09.687453v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Personalized functional brain developmental trajectories can be studied with Precision Functional Mapping (PFM). Our previous work has demonstrated that PFM can be achieved in infants despite rapid brain growth. However, even with extensive data collection (up to 1 hour of fMRI), the reliability and precision of these maps remain lower than those observed in youth and adults - particularly within subcortical structures. In this work we demonstrate the utility of high-field 7T MRI compared to 3T MRI for facilitating PFM in infants. We showcase data from multi-echo fMRI acquisitions in the same infants at both 7T and 3T and demonstrate that 7T imaging in infants is safe and feasible with our subject-specific safety workflow. Moreover, we demonstrate that the use of a higher magnetic field strength affords a spatial resolution more appropriately matched to infants smaller head and brain sizes, yielding notable improvements in data quality, especially for PFM. The increase in both spatial precision and reliability also suggests that 7T MRI can reduce the amount of data required for PFM. Last, we show how ultra-high field imaging can help us study the development of subcortical-to-cortical connectivity patterns, crucial for understanding brain development during this developmental window. 7T MRI is a promising new avenue for developmental cognitive neuroscience.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moser, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadeghi-Tarakameh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez, J. S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madison, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hantzsch, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weldon, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, H. H. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lundquist, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sung, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ukpong, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drexler, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Labonte, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Auerbach, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adriany, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sylvester, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eryaman, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elison, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fair, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yacoub, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.09.687453</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Precision functional imaging in infants using multi-echo fMRI at 7T]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.10.687584v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Drosophila melanogaster model of RVCL-S demonstrates age dependent disease progression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.10.687584v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy and systemic manifestations (RVCL-S) is a disease that causes deterioration of small vessels, affecting various organs: eyes, brain, liver, and others. The RVCL-S carriers have lower life expectancy. There is no cure available to date. The disease has been linked to mutations in TREX1 gene disrupting its cytoplasmic localization. To facilitate the disease mechanism investigation, we employed model organism D. melanogaster, identified human TREX1 ortholog cg3165, and confirmed its vital significance to flies. Then, we expressed human TREX1 and its mutant form TREX1 V235Gfs in flies and used optical coherence microscopy (OCM) to monitor the dynamics of flies vascular system. We detected the relapse of fly dorsal vessel, movement impairment, and reduced longevity in TREX1 V235Gfs-expressing transgenic animals. Vascular deterioration and shorter life span recapitulate the RVCL-S manifestations in humans. We have established a robust quantitative Drosophila RVCL-S phenotypic system that can potentially serve as a screening platform for drug discovery and drug targets identification.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gracheva, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouyang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miner, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.10.687584</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Drosophila melanogaster model of RVCL-S demonstrates age dependent disease progression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.07.687317v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure-informed evolutionary analysis of the meiotic recombination machinery 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.07.687317v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite being essential for fertility, many proteins involved in meiotic homologous recombination have diverged rapidly. The evolutionary forces driving this divergence remain mostly unknown, in part because of challenges in accounting for the interplay of sequence changes with constraints imposed by proteins structures and physiological roles. Here, we explore strategies to more sensitively detect signatures of positive or relaxed selection by integrating evolutionary analyses with structural and functional information, using meiotic recombination proteins in four taxa--primates, rodents, birds and budding yeasts. By mapping selection rate estimates onto predicted protein structures, we characterized protein regions likely to have experienced positive selection. We further identified subtle sequence variation within protein domains that are well conserved generally because of structural constraints. To detect sequence variation masked by these constraints, we analyzed selection at structurally matched residues, comparing homologs across different lineages as well as between meiosis-specific and generalist paralogs. These approaches identified lineage- and paralog-restricted enrichment of non-synonymous substitutions that may indicate loss of functional constraints and/or adaptive innovation. Finally, we used cross-species complementation experiments in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to show that sequence variation in the pro-crossover factor MSH4 modulates recombination proficiency. We suggest that evolutionary plasticity per se is a key conserved characteristic of the meiotic recombination machinery. More generally, our approach provides a mechanistic framework to analyze protein evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arter, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vedanayagam, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diop, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keeney, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.07.687317</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure-informed evolutionary analysis of the meiotic recombination machinery]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.09.686659v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DNA methylation reprogramming in marsupial embryos is restricted to the extraembryonic lineage 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.09.686659v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DNA methylation (5mC) is an epigenetic mark that plays a critical role in defining cell fate. Following fertilisation, DNA methylation inherited from gametes must be reprogrammed to establish totipotency and enable the parental-to-zygotic transition. To accomplish this, non-mammalian vertebrates such as zebrafish and medaka subtly reprogram maternal 5mC profiles while maintaining high methylation levels throughout embryogenesis. In contrast, eutherian mammals such as mouse and human undergo global 5mC erasure in both embryonic and extraembryonic lineages. However, while embryonic 5mC is rapidly re-established to high levels upon implantation, the trophectoderm, which gives rise to the placenta, displays sustained and conserved DNA hypomethylation, suggesting that this drastic 5mC erasure may be functionally linked to complex placentation in mammals. To clarify whether extensive post-fertilisation 5mC erasure co-evolved with placentation, we explored embryonic methylation dynamics in marsupials, a lineage of therian mammals with a short-lived placenta. We produced a near complete telomere-to-telomere (T2T) genome and generated detailed epigenome maps of embryonic development for an Australian marsupial, the fat-tailed dunnart (Sminthopsis crassicaudata). We found the dunnart embryo exhibits genome wide DNA demethylation at the blastocyst stage, but these changes occur in the trophectoderm only, suggesting that 5mC erasure in the placenta is an ancestral state in therian mammals. Furthermore, the T2T-level dunnart genome assembly enabled identification of sex chromosomes, uncovering extensive hypomethylation of the paternally-inherited inactive X chromosome in females and revealing the previously unannotated master regulator of X chromosome inactivation, lncRNA Rsx. Our data indicate that while the use of genome-wide 5mC erasure differs between eutherian and marsupial lineages, 5mC erasure in extraembryonic tissue is ancestral to therian mammals and may be necessary to support placental development.

HIGHLIGHTSO_LIFirst embryonic DNA methylation maps in an Australian marsupial
C_LIO_LIExtensive global erasure of DNA methylation in the trophectoderm
C_LIO_LIMaintenance of high DNA methylation in the embryonic lineage
C_LIO_LIHypomethylated paternal X chromosome with methylated escapee genes
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Angeloni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammond, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reis, A. L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kemp, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amos, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gamaarachchi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humphries, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilmott, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masamsetti, V. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weatherstone, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ip, K. C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pazaky, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyons, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walters, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tam, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polo, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waters, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richards, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deveson, I. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffith, O. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skvortsova, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.09.686659</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DNA methylation reprogramming in marsupial embryos is restricted to the extraembryonic lineage]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.10.687672v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Diffusion MRI Processing in the HEALthy Brain and Child Development Study: Innovations and Applications 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.10.687672v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The landmark ongoing HEALthy Brain and Cognitive Development (HBCD) study will longitudinally chart brain development in a large sample (projected n=7,200) of infants through age 10 years with multimodal neuroimaging that includes an advanced diffusion MRI (dMRI) acquisition. Here, we detail advances in dMRI image processing developed for HBCD, incorporated into the widely used QSIPrep pipeline. Major changes to preprocessing include improvements in infant brain extraction, distortion correction, and normalization to infant-specific templates. Additionally, we describe a new software package - QSIRecon - that yields rich derived data including diverse maps of tissue microstructure as well as person-specific white matter bundles. Using dMRI data from a subset of the HBCD 1.0 release where age information was available (n=529 sessions across two time points), we observe critical improvements in data quality with preprocessing and see expected developmental patterns. Moving forward, the publicly-available data from HBCD will rapidly grow to become the largest study of brain development in infancy and early childhood using dMRI. QSIPrep and QSIRecon are openly available and can be applied to other infant and pediatric dMRI datasets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cieslak, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irfanoglu, M. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meisler, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raikes, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pecheva, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fair, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smyser, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harms, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landman, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wisnowski, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexander, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satterthwaite, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.10.687672</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Diffusion MRI Processing in the HEALthy Brain and Child Development Study: Innovations and Applications]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.11.687827v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Accurate interpretation of within-host dissemination using barcoded bacteria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.11.687827v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacterial dissemination across tissues is a critically important process influencing infection outcomes. Monitoring within-host dissemination is challenging because conventional measures of bulk bacterial burden cannot distinguish between lineages that are shared between tissues and those that replicate locally. This limitation can be overcome using barcoded bacteria, where deep sequencing of the barcode locus and comparisons of barcodes between tissues define which lineages spread within the host. Numerous studies have used barcoded bacteria to generate high-resolution maps of dissemination. However, since multiple cells in the infectious inoculum can contain identical barcodes, inferences about dissemination can be confounded when distinct lineages from the inoculum with identical barcodes are observed in different tissues. Thus, even though the same barcodes can be observed in different tissues, dissemination between these tissues may not have occurred. Here, we aimed to develop an approach that would provide a solution to this confounding effect. We developed a simulation-based distance metric that quantifies the significance of observing shared barcodes between tissues. We validated this approach using simulated datasets spanning three orders of magnitude in barcode diversities and on three published experimental infection datasets. Our reanalysis reveals previously unappreciated patterns of Escherichia coli spread during liver abscess formation, clarifies the role of the Muc2 mucin in Listeria monocytogenes systemic spread, and quantifies how Klebsiella pneumoniae replication in the lungs drives systemic dissemination. As barcoding studies expand across diverse infection models, this approach provides an essential tool for accurate interpretation of within-host bacterial dissemination.

ImportanceHow microbes move between tissues in the host is an important factor that controls the outcome and severity of infections. A powerful method to monitor within-host microbial dissemination is the use of barcoded bacteria and lineage tracing. Comparisons of barcodes between tissues enables inferences of microbial dissemination, and this method has been applied to diverse contexts of bacterial infections. Here we demonstrate that inferences of microbial dissemination are confounded, where observing identical barcodes in different tissues does not always signify that dissemination has occurred. To overcome this limitation, we define a metric to quantify the extent to which sharing of barcodes is meaningful and provide new insights into previous barcoding studies in E. coli, L. monocytogenes, and K. pneumoniae. As bacterial lineage tracing continues to be applied across diverse models, our method will help ensure accurate interpretations of microbial dissemination.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Giorgio, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holmes, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hullahalli, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.11.687827</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Accurate interpretation of within-host dissemination using barcoded bacteria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.12.688051v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cornichon Homolog-3 (Cnih3) deletion impairs spatial memory, reward-cue association, and fentanyl self-administration behavior. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.12.688051v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Opioid misuse remains rampant as new synthetic opioids reach the market. Large-scale genetic tools like the GWAS identify previously unrecognized targets and biomarkers in opioid misuse with hopes of combating the opioid epidemic. One such target is the AMPAR auxiliary protein Cornichon Homolog-3 (human analog: CNIH3, mouse analog: Cnih3), which determines AMPAR subunit composition and kinetics. Though CNIH3 was identified as a gene of interest in OUD, its role in opioid use and accompanying risk factors has not been studied. Using mice with Cnih3 deletion, we assess the role of CNIH3 in risk factors for opioid use, cognition, and opioid use itself. We find that Cnih3 deletion moderately impairs spatial memory, reward-cue association, and reversal learning. Cnih3 deletion also impairs fentanyl-cue association and blunts fentanyl intake during IVSA. We use principal component analysis to pinpoint the dimensions in which Cnih3 deletion impacts behavior in an unbiased manner. Additionally, we identify in previously published human data that single-nucleotide polymorphisms are more protective against progression to daily opioid use in women than in men, suggesting a potential sex-specific role of CNIH3. These findings highlight an important role of CNIH3 in opioid use through learning and memory processes that may differ between males and females.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lintz, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aal, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dearman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agrawal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moron, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.12.688051</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cornichon Homolog-3 (Cnih3) deletion impairs spatial memory, reward-cue association, and fentanyl self-administration behavior.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.12.688069v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Characterization of mechanical tissue properties in post-mortem human brain using magnetic resonance elastography 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.12.688069v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious health condition that can cause neurological dysfunction to varying degrees depending on the nature of the mechanical insult. In biomechanical studies of TBI under high loading conditions, post-mortem human subjects (PMHS) are often used since ethical concerns prohibit such experiments in living human subjects. Because PMHS brains undergo significant changes following death, it is important to understand the relationship between the mechanical properties of PMHS brain tissue and living tissue. In this study, we performed magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) on three PMHS specimens to estimate the material properties of the cadaveric brain, namely the storage modulus and the loss modulus, as well as the resulting shear stiffness and damping ratio. We also performed longitudinal MRE scans on one of the PMHS over the span of two months to investigate the evolution of tissue properties with post-mortem degradation. In comparison to in vivo subjects of age range 70-75 years, a substantially higher stiffness (mean: 5.96kPa) and lower damping ratio (mean: 0.09) were found in PMHS models. This study also revealed an initial increase in shear stiffness up to the seventh day post-mortem, followed by a steady decrease by the fifty-eighth day. However, the damping ratio displayed an opposite trend to that of shear stiffness. These changes were heterogeneous across brain regions. The collected measurements and analysis elucidate the changes in mechanical properties in post-mortem subjects, and can be used to build and validate computational models of TBI.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mojumder, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diano, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alshareef, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGarry, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bayly, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butman, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.12.688069</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Characterization of mechanical tissue properties in post-mortem human brain using magnetic resonance elastography]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.13.688333v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative Evaluation of Assumption Lean Community Detection Methods for Human Connectome Networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.13.688333v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Community detection provides a principled lens on mesoscale organization in functional brain networks, yet many widely used methods presume assortative structure and depend on arbitrary thresholding, which complicates the selection of the community count K. We conducted a systematic benchmark of three assumption lean approaches that operate directly on weighted functional connectivity matrices: the Weighted Stochastic Block Model, Spectral Clustering, and K-means. Performance was assessed on synthetic networks with known ground truth and on three neuroimaging cohorts spanning development, namely the Human Connectome Project, Washington University 120, and the Baby Connectome Project. We compared strategies for choosing K, including post hoc indices such as silhouette, Calinski-Harabasz, C index, modularity, variation of information, Normalized Mutual Information, and zRand, together with a likelihood-based criterion for the Weighted Stochastic Block Model that uses bootstrap confidence intervals for differences in log likelihood between successive values of K. In simulations all methods recovered stable partitions, but the post hoc indices favored incorrect values of K under weak signal and nonassortative mixing. In adult datasets the indices do not yield a unique optimum, whereas the likelihood-based criterion selects a parsimonious range centered near K = 11, which is consistent with established sensory and association systems. In infants and toddlers, the same procedure supports a larger K around 15 and reveals developmentally distinct mesoscale architecture, including anterior and posterior subdivisions within default mode and fronto parietal systems. A consensus relabeling scheme based on Hungarian matching with Hamming distance further stabilizes solutions across runs and across values of K. Overall, threshold free weighted methods mitigate assortative bias and the likelihood-based comparison provides a reproducible path to selecting K.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharya, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakraborty, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dierker, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eck, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lahiri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eggebrecht, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wheelock, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.13.688333</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative Evaluation of Assumption Lean Community Detection Methods for Human Connectome Networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.13.688358v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Time-resolved phylogenomics analysis reveals patterns in biosphere nutrient limitation through Earth history 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.13.688358v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The co-evolution of life and Earth has profoundly transformed global biogeochemical cycles over the past 3.5 billion years. These cycles, in turn, have dictated the availability of essential nutrients like phosphorus, nitrogen, and iron, thereby affecting primary productivity and the scale of the Earths biosphere. Despite the critical role of nutrient limitation in shaping the size and scope of the biosphere, significant uncertainties persist about which nutrients were globally limiting at various points in Earth history. Here, we use a phylogenomic approach to trace the origin and spread of genes associated with nutrient limitation over time. We show that genes associated with phosphorus limitation emerged relatively early in lifes history, whereas genes associated with nitrogen limitation emerged later, closer to the Great Oxidation Event. In terms of iron limitation, we present novel evidence that siderophores, compounds that facilitate iron uptake, may have arisen as early as the Archean. Overall, our results have important implications for understanding how the geosphere has influenced the scale and extent of life on Earth for the past 4 billion years.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ni, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osborn, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puzella, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klos, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leonetti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boden, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stueeken, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.13.688358</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Time-resolved phylogenomics analysis reveals patterns in biosphere nutrient limitation through Earth history]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.14.688546v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nuclear-import receptors remodel the dilute phase to suppress phase transitions of RNA-binding proteins with prion-like domains. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.14.688546v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractRNA-binding proteins (RBPs) with prion-like domains, including FUS, hnRNPA1, and hnRNPA2, assemble into functional, metastable condensates that organize ribostasis, but can also transition into self-templating fibrils implicated in neurodegenerative proteinopathies such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). How nuclear-import receptors (NIRs) antagonize this pathological transition has remained unresolved. Here, we establish that NIRs regulate the phase behavior of prion-like cargos by remodeling the dilute phase. Quantitative analyses across length scales reveal that Karyopherin-{beta}2 (Kap{beta}2) preferentially binds cargo in the dilute phase to lower the effective concentration of free RBPs thereby elevating the saturation concentration for phase separation and suppressing mesoscale clustering. ALS-linked FUSP525L, which binds Kap{beta}2 weakly, evades this regulation to form pathogenic assemblies. Thus, NIRs harness polyphasic linkage, the thermodynamic relationship between ligand binding and phase equilibria, to reshape the landscape of prion-like RBP assembly states, establishing a paradigm for how ATP-independent chaperones regulate phase behavior to prevent disease-linked aggregation.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=123 SRC="FIGDIR/small/688546v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Linsenmeier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shinn, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mumford, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bugaj, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shorter, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.14.688546</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nuclear-import receptors remodel the dilute phase to suppress phase transitions of RNA-binding proteins with prion-like domains.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.16.688701v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Selective distractor representations resolve multidimensional interference 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.16.688701v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How can humans manage multiple sources of information competing for attention? To approach this question, we adopted a multi-dimensional task-set interference paradigm that requires individuals to handle distractions from three independent dimensions. Behavioral results suggest that people track prior interference from each dimension to selectively modulate their attentional gain. Testing the mechanism of this adaptation at the neural level requires measuring multi-dimensional task representations. To achieve this, we applied representational similarity analyses and encoding models to human EEG and investigated how the history of interference simultaneously affected the time-resolved representations of target and distractor dimensions. EEG analyses revealed that target and distractor features are initially encoded in parallel, but distractors are rapidly suppressed around 250 ms, with suppression scaling with prior interference. Next, we introduced a task-specific proportion-congruency manipulation to study how learning the control demands of each task dimension shapes the proactive handling of multidimensional distractors. Proactive task-level control enhanced the efficiency of the same reactive suppression mechanism observed for trial-to-trial adaptation, without producing sustained preparatory changes. Finally, behavioral and neural effects converged to show that the strength of dimension-specific interference and adaptation scales with the speed of visual integration for each dimension, as captured by a connectionist model with temporal integration. Altogether, these results suggest that proactive control mechanisms operate on the speed and efficiency of a reactive suppression mechanism that constrains selective distractor representations from biasing the response process. More broadly, they show that multidimensional attentional control relies on selectively suppressing distractor representations after they are encoded, revealing a dynamic, dimension-specific mechanism that extends biased-competition and conflict-monitoring theories.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gheza, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freund, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zalabak, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kool, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.16.688701</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Selective distractor representations resolve multidimensional interference]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.16.688710v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial Multi-Omics Workflow and Analytical Guidelines for Alzheimer's Neuropathology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.16.688710v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spatial biology technologies enable high-dimensional profiling within intact tissues, revealing how molecular and cellular organization drives function and disease. As these platforms gain broader adoption, standardized analytical frameworks are needed to ensure data quality and reproducibility. Here, we present an end-to-end pipeline for the GeoMx Digital Spatial Profiler that simultaneously generates whole-transcriptome and 637-protein measurements from user-defined regions within the same tissue sections. The workflow integrates morphology-guided region selection, quality control, normalization, and multi-modal data interpretation. Applied to formalin-fixed cortical tissues from Alzheimers disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and controls, the framework resolves spatially distinct molecular domains. Transcript and protein signals diverge across amyloid plaque cores and surrounding glial-rich regions, with RNA-protein concordance varying by disease condition, while single-neuron profiling with and without pathogenic tau deposition illustrates protein assay sensitivity. This dataset provides a rigorously validated resource for spatial multi-omic analyses and establishes broadly applicable guidelines for reliable, reproducible profiling of complex tissues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hudson, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orr, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koutarapu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenbloom, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ingalls, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braubach, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keene, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beechem, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orr, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.16.688710</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial Multi-Omics Workflow and Analytical Guidelines for Alzheimer's Neuropathology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.17.688949v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chronic oral cannabidiol delays or prevents seizures in a mouse model of CLN2 disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.17.688949v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A growing body of literature describes the anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anti-epileptic properties of the cannabis sativa constituent cannabidiol, suggesting that it might play a useful role in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (CLN2 disease) is a rare pediatric neurodegenerative disorder resulting from an inherited dysfunction of the lysosome. CLN2 disease, and its representative animal models, display neuroimmune response, neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and epileptic seizures, and these symptoms are all touted as potential targets of cannabidiol therapeutic benefit. Here, we treated a valid model of CLN2 disease with long-term daily cannabidiol (300mg/kg) from 1 month of age until disease end stage and evaluated epileptic seizures, lifespan, and markers of neuroimmune response. Chronic cannabidiol treatment significantly delayed or fully eliminated seizures in CLN2 mice compared to those treated with vehicle only, and the treatment led to a nearly significant extension of lifespan. These effects occurred in the absence of any therapeutic benefit to physiological markers of disease such as GFAP, CD68, and cytokine/chemokine reactivity. Taken together, we show that chronic treatment with cannabidiol confers significant anti-seizure benefit to the mouse model of CLN2 disease, and that it does not appear to do so by altering the inflammatory and neuroimmune markers traditionally used to track CLN2 disease progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dearborn, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takahashi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rensing, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sands, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.17.688949</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chronic oral cannabidiol delays or prevents seizures in a mouse model of CLN2 disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.18.688992v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TGF-β drives the conversion of conventional NK cells into uterine tissue-resident NK cells to support murine pregnancy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.18.688992v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tissue microenvironments shape lymphocyte differentiation to align immune function with local physiological demands. Uterine natural killer cells are critical for reproductive success, yet the molecular cues in the uterus that instruct their specialized identities remain incompletely understood. Here, we identify a TGF-{beta}-dependent differentiation pathway by which circulating conventional NK cells convert into uterine tissue-resident NK cells during murine pregnancy. Loss of TGF-{beta} receptor II expression in Ncr1-expressing cells disrupted this conversion, markedly reducing tissue-resident NK cells in the gravid uterus. Impaired TGF-{beta}-driven uterine tissue-resident NK cell differentiation during murine pregnancy led to abnormal spiral artery remodeling and increased fetal resorption rates at midgestation, ultimately reducing litter sizes at birth. Collectively, these findings define TGF-{beta} as a pivotal driver of tissue-resident NK cell differentiation in the gravid uterus and establish a mechanistic framework through which the uterine microenvironment programs NK cell identity to meet the physiological demands of gestation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barahona, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yokoyama, W. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.18.688992</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TGF-β drives the conversion of conventional NK cells into uterine tissue-resident NK cells to support murine pregnancy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.18.689091v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural mechanisms of handedness for precision drawing: hand-dependent engagement of cortical networks for bimanual control and tool use 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.18.689091v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neural mechanisms underlying handedness remain poorly understood. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study performance of a visually guided drawing task with each hand. We hypothesized that the left superior parietal lobule supports drawing with either hand, and individuals with chroninc peripheral nerve injury (PNI) to the dominant hand use the same mechanism as healthy adults.

Methods33 right-handed adults (23 healthy, 10 patients) underwent fMRI while performing a precision drawing task, alternating between the right hand (RH) and left hand (LH). 20 regions of interest (12 a priori and 8 post-hoc) were examined for LH>RH effects on BOLD magnitude and on functional connectivity (FC) modulation via generalized psychophysiological interaction.

ResultsDuring LH drawing, contralateral primary motor cortex (M1) had lower magnitude, and greater FC with two networks of equal-or-greater magnitude: left M1-dorsal premotor, and intrahemispheric parieto-temporal network. Contralateral M1 also had reduced interhemispheric FC with inferior parietal lobule, which exhibited lower magnitude. Patient group did not interact with these effects.

ConclusionsThree neural mechanisms differentiate LH from RH drawing. First, a left hemisphere bimanual control network engages intrahemispherically (directly) during RH drawing and interhemispherically (indirectly) during LH drawing. Second, LH drawing increases engagement of a contralateral network that may reflect increased task demands. Third, RH drawing increases engagement of an interhemispheric tool use network. The first and third networks may explain the dominant hands performance advantages. PNI patients use the same mechanisms, highlighting their potential as a neuromodulatory target to enhance LH performance after RH impairment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kapil, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gassass, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobbins, I. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McAvoy, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wheelock, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brogan, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dy, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Susan, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Philip, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.18.689091</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural mechanisms of handedness for precision drawing: hand-dependent engagement of cortical networks for bimanual control and tool use]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.18.689064v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dataset Documentation for Responsible AI: Analysis of Suitability and Usage for Health Datasets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.18.689064v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming healthcare, but also raising concerns about algorithmic biases that mostly stem from the training data. It is widely supported that transparent dataset documentation is key to enabling responsible AI development. Several standardized dataset documentation approaches have been established, such as Datasheet, Dataset Nutrition Label, Accountability Documentation, Healthsheet, and Data Card. However, their suitability and usage for health datasets remain unclear. In this work, we compared all five approaches and evaluated their alignment with the STANDING Together Recommendations for Documentation of Health Datasets. We also investigated their real-world usage and gathered insights from generators and consumers of health datasets. Our findings reveal that none of these documentation approaches are used widely or fully suited for health datasets. We recommend developing a standard documentation approach for health datasets along with clear guidelines and automation tools to support adoption.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Heinke, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpkins, K. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalaw, F. G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karsolia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soundarajan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nebeker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baxter, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.18.689064</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dataset Documentation for Responsible AI: Analysis of Suitability and Usage for Health Datasets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.19.689127v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell Spatial Transcriptional Profiling Uncovers Heterogeneous Cellular Responses to Pathogenic Tau in a Mouse Model of Neurodegeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.19.689127v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intracellular tau accumulation contributes to neurodegeneration and systemic dysfunction. Although tau primarily aggregates in neurons as neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), it also affects other cell types through poorly understood mechanisms. To define the molecular characteristics of tangle-bearing neurons and their influence on surrounding cells, we used CosMx SMI to evaluate the expression of 950 genes in more than 265,000 cells from rTg(tauP301L)4510 tauopathy and control mouse brains. In the cerebral cortex, tau pathology disrupted the excitatory-inhibitory neuron balance and altered pathways critical for myelination, similar myelin changes were observed in postmortem brain tissue from patients with progressive supranuclear palsy. In the hypothalamus, tau accumulation was associated with transcriptional changes linked to pathways involved in body weight and metabolic regulation. These findings reveal molecular mechanisms underlying both cell-autonomous and non-autonomous effects of tauopathy and identify targets for further investigation into tau pathogenesis and its systemic impact.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orr, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heck, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunaway, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navarro, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beechem, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orr, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.19.689127</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell Spatial Transcriptional Profiling Uncovers Heterogeneous Cellular Responses to Pathogenic Tau in a Mouse Model of Neurodegeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.19.689321v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metabolic cross-talk promotes persistence of Enterococcus in a model of polymicrobial catheter-associated urinary tract infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.19.689321v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) account for 70%[~]80% of urinary tract infections (UTI) and can lead to adverse outcomes. Most CAUTIs are polymicrobial with resilient communities maintaining a consistent composition of species over time, despite antibiotic treatment and catheter replacement. However, the mechanisms promoting persistence are poorly understood. Here we examine how a chemical interaction between Gram-positive Enterococcus faecalis and Gram-negative Klebsiella pneumoniae can explain their high rate of co-occurrence on long-term indwelling urinary catheters. Sequence analyses of longitudinal isolates from several human patients co-infected with E. faecalis and K. pneumoniae revealed that despite frequent replacement, catheters became re-colonized with the same or a nearly identical consortium of strains throughout the study collection period. Using artificial urine medium (AUM), monoculture revealed that the K. pneumoniae isolates grew robustly and formed biofilm, while the E. faecalis isolates grew poorly and did not form biofilm. However, co-culture of paired isolates resulted in enhanced E. faecalis growth and biofilm, which could be reproduced by supplementing E. faecalis with cell-free K. pneumoniae conditioned AUM supernatant (KpAUMSup). Analyses using comparative transcriptomics, mutant strains and chemical inhibitors with cell culture and murine CAUTI models revealed that: i) KpAUMSup, but not AUM, stimulated expression of the E. faecalis Fsr quorum-sensing system; ii) Fsr was required for E. faecalis to respond to KpAUMSup; iii) E. faecalis cultured in KpAUMSup was more efficient in initiating CAUTI; and iv) Disruption of Fsr inhibited initiation of CAUTI. This interspecies signaling may help explain the high rate of co-colonization of these CAUTI pathogens and highlights new therapeutic strategies to treat polymicrobial CAUTI.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinkner, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Obernuefemann, C. L. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleinschmidt, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanick, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hickerson, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dodson, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henderson, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hultgren, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caparon, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.19.689321</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metabolic cross-talk promotes persistence of Enterococcus in a model of polymicrobial catheter-associated urinary tract infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.20.687493v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Diverse infection models demonstrate robust resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to innate immunity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.20.687493v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a robust activator of innate immunity. However, there is little evidence that innate immune mechanisms control Mtb before the onset of adaptive immunity. Prior work has generally used specific pathogen-free (SPF) mouse models and relatively large infectious doses, which may obscure the capacity of innate immunity to control Mtb. Here, we performed ultra-low dose Mtb infections and found that the initial innate immune response was unable to curb even minimal Mtb infectious doses. Additionally, we primed the immune systems of C57BL/6 mice by co-housing with "pet shop" mice prior to Mtb exposure. Co-housed mice were as susceptible to Mtb infection as SPF mice. To more specifically pre-activate innate immunity at the site of Mtb infection, we also infected the lungs of mice with Legionella pneumophila (Lp) prior to Mtb. Innate immunity alone can clear large doses (>100,000 CFU) of Lp from the lung within a few days. However, pre-infection with Lp only modestly reduced Mtb CFU compared to mice infected with only Mtb, indicating that Mtb can robustly replicate even in the presence of a strong innate inflammatory response. We performed single-cell RNA-sequencing on myeloid cells from mice either infected with Mtb alone or mice primed with Lp. We found that Lp priming before Mtb infection induced measurable changes in myeloid cells responding to Mtb, but these changes had little effect on innate control of Mtb. Together, these data demonstrate the robust resistance of Mtb to innate immune clearance under diverse experimental conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fairgrieve, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brydon, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chavez, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kotov, D. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vance, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.20.687493</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Diverse infection models demonstrate robust resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to innate immunity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.20.689512v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Elevated CO2 drives epigenetic reprogramming andchromatin dynamics in Arabidopsis thaliana 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.20.689512v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The rapid increase in atmospheric CO2 levels has profound effects on plant systems, making it essential to understand how plants develop under elevated CO2. By perturbing epigenetic mechanisms necessary for plant acclimatization, we conducted in-depth analyses of the Arabidopsis thaliana 3D genome to investigate the relationship between epigenetic memory and 3D chromatin architecture. Using methylation-sensitive chromatin conformation capture (Hi-C), we reveal how elevated CO2 induces chromatin decondensation resulting from changes in 5mC levels and histone modifications at developmentally regulated loci. Utilizing integrated deep sequencing, we uncover local domains of chromatin loops in the Arabidopsis genome that orient clusters of developmentally regulated loci, revealing a topological framework for stress response pathways. At high resolution, our analyses uncover differential chromatin loops supported by transcriptionally reprogrammed anchor loci, revealing a collaboration between RNA-directed DNA Methylation (RdDM) and Polycomb group (PcG) proteins in mediating gene expression regulation. Our findings demonstrate the central role of the 3D genome and epigenetic modifications in plant development, adaptation, and resilience in changing environments. Finally, we report a mechanism by which elevated CO2 initiates epigenetic reprogramming underlying an accelerated growth phenotype.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lewis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panda, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harkess, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slotkin, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyers, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.20.689512</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Elevated CO2 drives epigenetic reprogramming andchromatin dynamics in Arabidopsis thaliana]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.20.689545v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sexually dimorphic role of estrogen receptor α in preserving right ventricular endothelial integrity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.20.689545v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Right ventricular (RV) function and adaptation to afterload increase determine survival in pulmonary hypertension (PH). RV adaptation in PH is sexually dimorphic and more preserved in females, mediated by protective estrogen receptor  (ER) signaling in cardiomyocytes. However, the effects of ER on RV endothelial cells (RVECs), a critical mediator of RV homeostasis and adaptation, are unknown. We hypothesized that ER exerts sexually dimorphic pro-angiogenic effects on RVECs in vitro and promotes RV vascularization in vivo.

Compared to cells isolated from wild-type animals, RVECs from male and female rats with an ER loss-of-function mutation (ERMut) showed reduced ability to form pseudo-vascular networks and migrate. RVECs from female ERMut rats demonstrated increased apoptosis. In a PH model induced by monocrotaline (MCT), female ERMut rats exhibited increased RV hypertrophy and reduced RV capillary density before (10 days) and at the time of established PH (28 days). Capillary rarefaction was associated with increased RVEC apoptosis, and, as identified by single-nucleus RNA-sequencing, by a net loss of the endocardial RVEC sub-population. Differentially expressed gene analysis and pathway analysis identified that capillary and endocardial RVECs from female MCT-PH ERMut rats demonstrated decreased expression of migration pathways and increased expression of apoptosis pathways.

These findings reveal a sex-specific endothelial-intrinsic role of ER that is essential for angiogenesis in the RV under both homeostatic and pathological conditions. This effect appears to stem from the enhanced survival and migration capacity of capillary and endocardial RVEC. Collectively, our results identify ER as a potential target for developing sex-specific RV-directed therapies in PH.

Translational perspectiveEffects of ER on vascular function in RV failure induced by PH are poorly understood. We unveiled a novel sexually dimorphic role of ER in regulating RV vascularization and RVEC function. Single nucleus RNA-Sequencing in female wild-type and ER loss-of-function rats with PH identified 5 unique RVEC sub-populations under transcriptional control of ER. Our findings provide insights into previously undescribed pro-angiogenic, pro-migratory and anti-apoptotic roles of ER in female RVs and RVECs. Promoting RVEC migration or inhibiting RVEC apoptosis to enhance RV angiogenesis may be viable pathways to maintain RV function in PH patients of either sex. These findings offer novel opportunities and potential therapeutic avenues for preventing or treating RV failure.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karoor, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frump, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodcock, C.-S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petrache, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lahm, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.20.689545</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sexually dimorphic role of estrogen receptor α in preserving right ventricular endothelial integrity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.21.689833v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TDP-43 suppression of ATP8A2 cryptic splicing implicates phosphatidylserine-driven neuroinflammation in ALS/FTD 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.21.689833v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inappropriate externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS) is a candidate mechanism of pathogenic neuroinflammation, a critical driver of neurodegenerative disease. ATP8A2, a flippase that maintains PS on the plasma membrane inner leaflet, is mutated in both Wabbler-lethal mice and patients with the ataxia syndrome CAMRQ4. Here, we identify ATP8A2 as a target of TDP-43 cryptic exon suppression, and demonstrate that ATP8A2 loss leads to immune-mediated neurodegeneration. ATP8A2 splicing is significantly dysregulated following TDP-43 depletion in human neurons and in brains of patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis-Frontotemporal Dementia (ALS-FTD). In mice, Atp8a2 loss increases PS exposure and promotes neuroinflammation. Depletion of peripheral macrophages rescues motor axon degeneration and doubles Atp8a2 knockout mouse lifespan, while depletion of both peripheral macrophages and central microglia quadruples lifespan and improves coordination. Hence, ATP8A2 is a pathologically relevant TDP-43 target and inhibition of phagocytic immune cell attack against neurons is a potential treatment for patients with CAMRQ4 and ALS-FTD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>O'Connor, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loo, H. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pickles, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sundali, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jawahar, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickson, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bloom, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petrucelli, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gitler, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milbrandt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiAntonio, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.21.689833</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TDP-43 suppression of ATP8A2 cryptic splicing implicates phosphatidylserine-driven neuroinflammation in ALS/FTD]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.22.688128v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A cross-species spatial transcriptomic atlas of the human and non-human primate basal ganglia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.22.688128v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The basal ganglia are interconnected subcortical nuclei with complex topographical organization that orchestrate goal-directed behaviors and are implicated in neurodegenerative movement disorders. We generated a cellular-resolution, spatial transcriptomic atlas of the basal ganglia in human, rhesus macaque, and common marmoset, sampling over one million cells in each species. By integrating spatial data with a cross-species, consensus snRNA-seq cell type taxonomy, this atlas reveals conserved principles of molecular organization within and across structures. The cellular architecture is complex but highly stereotyped, with gene expression gradients superimposed onto discrete compartments. Extensive spatial sampling illuminates 3D gradients of molecular organization in the striatum and reveals cell type-specific core and shell compartments in the primate internal globus pallidus, which is conserved with mouse. This unified, cross-species spatial transcriptomic atlas will be a foundational resource for characterizing the molecular and functional organization of the basal ganglia and their roles in health and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hewitt, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johansen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMillen, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeBerardine, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruiz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kapen, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cuevas, N. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olsen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagra, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campos, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>VanNess, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ransford, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juneau, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hastings, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ching, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kunst, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hollt, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lelieveldt, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yazdani, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levandowski, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glasser, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayashi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kana, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maltzer, Z. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campagnola, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jarsky, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kruse, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freiwald, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keene, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Essen, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ariza, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waters, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krienen, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakken, T. E</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.22.688128</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A cross-species spatial transcriptomic atlas of the human and non-human primate basal ganglia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.24.682866v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Injury-Induced Remodeling of Junctional Actin Bands in the Vestibular Maculae of Mice and Chicks: Implications for Sensory Regeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.24.682866v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The vestibular organs of birds are capable of regenerating sensory hair cells after ototoxic injury, but the regenerative ability of the mammalian vestibular organs is much more limited. The factors that inhibit regeneration in the mammalian inner ear are not known, but it has been proposed that the structure of filamentous actin cables at cell-cell junctions within the sensory epithelium may be an important regulatory influence. Junctional actin cables in the chick utricle are relatively thin, while those in mouse utricle are much thicker. These differences result in differing mechanical properties of the avian vs. mammalian inner ear, which may affect the potential for regenerative proliferation. The present study characterized injury-evoked changes in junctional actin cables in the utricles of mice and chicks. We found that the thickness of junctional cables in the chick utricle was not affected by ototoxic injury, but that injury to the mouse utricle led to the formation of many new junctional actin bands whose thickness was comparable to those in the chick utricle. Thicker actin bands persisted after injury, but were not necessarily associated with cellular junctions. In addition, the relative extent of supporting cell expansion in the injured chick utricle was larger than that in the mouse utricle, which may affect activation of Hippo/YAP signaling in both species. Together, these data point to important differences in actin cable plasticity in the avian vs. mammalian utricle that may partially account for their differing regenerative abilities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Warchol, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.24.682866</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Injury-Induced Remodeling of Junctional Actin Bands in the Vestibular Maculae of Mice and Chicks: Implications for Sensory Regeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.25.690580v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Two views of the brain are reconciled by a unifying principle of maximal information processing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.25.690580v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
There is selective pressure on brains to maximize computational capacity and adaptability in an unpredictable world. Prior work suggests that this demand is satisfied by a regime called criticality, which has emerged as a powerful, unifying framework for understanding how computation can arise in biological systems. However, this framework has been confined to high-dimensional network models. At first glance, this appears irreconcilable with many of the foundational, low dimensional dynamical models that have driven progress in theoretical and computational neuroscience for a century. If criticality is a universal principle, then all models that accurately capture significant aspects of brain function should be constrained by the same fact. Lacking a definition of criticality in low-dimensional dynamical systems, this has been impossible to evaluate. Here, we develop a mathematical definition of criticality that transcends dimensionality by recognizing temporal scale invariance as analogous to spatial scale invariance that defines criticality in large systems. We demonstrate that there are two mechanistically distinct sources of criticality at bifurcations, one deterministic and one that emerges from noise fluctuations. Further, we show that some but not all canonical bifurcations in neural models exhibit criticality, and only a subset of these are biologically plausible. We conduct numerical analyses demonstrating that information processing capacity peaks at critical bifurcations, and evaluate which historically influential neural models contain these bifurcations. Our results establish criticality as a universal neurobiological principle that is accessible to systems of any dimensionality. This unifies disparate modeling approaches under a single computational framework and suggests that optimal information processing emerges not from model-specific mechanisms but from fundamental properties of critical dynamics themselves.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fosque, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shew, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ching, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hengen, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.25.690580</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Two views of the brain are reconciled by a unifying principle of maximal information processing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.24.689921v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inorganic pyrophosphate disrupts amorphous hydrated bone mineral interfaces in hypophosphatasia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.24.689921v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bone mineral molecular architecture is tightly regulated by the kinetics of calcium phosphate phase transformations. In the rare skeletal disease hypophosphatasia (HPP), caused by inactivating mutations in the ALPL gene encoding tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP), accumulation of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) alters these phase dynamics. Using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high-resolution electron microscopy, in patient samples we show that bone mineral from compound heterozygous HPP patients exhibits a loss of hydrated amorphous interfacial phases and instead contains highly crystalline hydroxyapatite (HAP), correlating with abnormally high bone mineral density and brittle atypical femoral fractures. Synthetic and cellular models demonstrate that elevated PPi impedes normal phase transitions from amorphous calcium phosphate precursors, bypassing intermediate states and driving ordered HAP nucleation. These findings link disrupted mineral phase kinetics to pathological bone mineral molecular structure, emphasising the critical importance of the hydrated amorphous shell around bone mineral for its material properties and redefining HPP as a molecular mineralization disorder. Our findings also illustrate how biochemical cues regulate non-equilibrium crystallization pathways in biomineralization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dillon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armiger, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murgoci, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skingle, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tabegna, F. G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mumm, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whyte, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garton, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poole, K. E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duer, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.24.689921</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inorganic pyrophosphate disrupts amorphous hydrated bone mineral interfaces in hypophosphatasia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.25.690499v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Learning the mechanism of collective microbial function via random community-media pairing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.25.690499v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In microbial systems, many biochemical functions arise from pathways encoded and executed at the community level. The collective nature of these functions complicates bottom-up efforts to determine each species contribution. Previous work has shown that regression over randomly sampled datasets of collective functions succeeds at predicting those functions. Building on this top-down idea, this paper asks whether regression can also reveal mechanistic insight into a cross-feeding relationship. For this, we propose extending the random sampling method to vary the growth environment, cultivating each community in the spent medium of another randomly constructed community. With a model-based analysis, we show that the new protocol extracts more mechanistic information, enabling assignment of species to the correct cross-feeding pathway steps and identification of species essential to the collective function, both achieved with simple LASSO regressions. More generally, our work illustrates that the utility of machine learning-based approaches can be greatly enhanced by a synergistic experimental design.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuehn, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tikhonov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.25.690499</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Learning the mechanism of collective microbial function via random community-media pairing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.24.690319v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sensorineural regulation of skull healing implicates FGF1 signaling in non-healing bone 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.24.690319v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bone injuries demonstrate rapid peripheral nerve ingrowth followed by nerve pruning as healing ensues. However, in non-healing bone injuries, peripheral innervation remains elevated, the implications of which remain unknown. Therefore, we investigated the neuroskeletal microenvironment in subcritical-and critical-sized calvarial defects using quantitative 3D fluorescence imaging. We identified elevated densities of peripheral nerves and Osterix positive (Osx+) osteoprogenitors in critical-sized defects, while osteogenic differentiation markers were severely diminished. Moreover, Osx+ osteoprogenitors in critical-sized defects exhibited enhanced proximity to peripheral nerves, which in turn was associated with increased osteoprogenitor cell proliferation. Using retrograde tracing in conjunction with single cell RNA-sequencing of sensory nerves from the innervating trigeminal ganglia, genes encoding for nerve-secreted proliferative and anti-differentiation factors were identified. Specifically, FGF-1/FGFR-1 signaling was identified as a significant neuroskeletal interaction with critical-sized defects demonstrating higher FGF-1 expression in fluorescence imaging. Presence of FGF-1 in neurons innervating the calvarial was confirmed, and neural conditioned media depleted for FGF1 showed enhanced induction of osteogenesis when placed on parietal bone cells. Collectively, we identify a sensorineural-skeletal signaling interaction elevated in critical-sized defects that can be leveraged as a potential therapeutic target for enhancing bone healing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Horenberg, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villapudua-Gastelum, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dias, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sinha, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Archer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheller, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pathak, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grayson, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.24.690319</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sensorineural regulation of skull healing implicates FGF1 signaling in non-healing bone]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.27.690987v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Vaginal Microbiome in Women Recently Experiencing BV and UTI 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.27.690987v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The vaginal microbiome (VMB) influences susceptibility to urogenital infections, yet large-scale, species-level metagenomic studies in real-world populations are rare. We analyzed shotgun metagenomic profiles and linked clinical metadata from 10,003 women across the United States who self-reported recent bacterial vaginosis (BV), urinary tract infection (UTI), both, or neither. Women reporting recent BV or UTI displayed distinct community structures, including higher prevalence of VALENCIA CST IV subtypes and significantly elevated alpha diversity compared with women who reported no prior diagnosis. Species-level Gardnerella profiling revealed that multiple Gardnerella species were enriched in BV but did not differ significantly between UTI and non-UTI groups, refining prior mechanistic hypotheses. Uropathogens such as E. coli, E. faecalis, and S. saprophyticus were detectable at higher prevalence and relative abundance in women who experienced UTI, including among participants who reported recent antibiotic use, consistent with the possibility of residual or recurrent vaginal colonization. These findings demonstrate that microbial signatures associated with recent BV and UTI remain detectable at population scale, provide a high-resolution reference for real-world vaginal metagenomics, and offer new directions for prevention strategies that consider the vaginal reservoir in recurrent urogenital infections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whang, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas-White, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olmschenk, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garza, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navarro, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.27.690987</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Vaginal Microbiome in Women Recently Experiencing BV and UTI]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.25.690560v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Anatomical 3D Reconstruction of Murine Lymph Nodes for Visualization, Quantitation, and Numerical Simulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.25.690560v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lymph nodes (LNs) function as pharmacological sanctuary sites in HIV and metastatic cancer due to anatomical barriers that limit drug penetration. Accurate 3D reconstructions of lymph node architecture are essential for computational modeling of drug transport, yet existing methods lack compartment-specific resolution, accessibility, or throughput. Here, we present a scalable, high-fidelity pipeline for the 3D anatomical reconstruction of murine LNs, integrating optimized vibratome sectioning, multiplexed immunofluorescence staining, confocal microscopy, and custom automated segmentation algorithms. Our method precisely reconstructs key LN compartments, including lobules and high endothelial venules, with high spatial accuracy, achieving Sorensen-Dice indices >0.93 for lobules and contour-matching scores up to 77% for vasculature, as validated by quantitative comparison to manual segmentation. Compared to existing methodologies, this pipeline markedly reduces reagent usage ([~]88%), labor time ([~]97%), and technical complexity, offering a broadly accessible and efficient approach to highfidelity 3D anatomical reconstruction of LN architecture. These digital twins can support computational simulations of drug distribution, immune cell trafficking, and spatial pharmacokinetics, providing critical insights into LN-resident disease mechanisms and informing therapeutic design.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Donzanti, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moghadamnia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kapinski, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zurakowski, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gleghorn, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.25.690560</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Anatomical 3D Reconstruction of Murine Lymph Nodes for Visualization, Quantitation, and Numerical Simulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.26.690774v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ACSS2 mediates prenatal alcohol exposure-related morphological and behavioral phenotypes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.26.690774v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The metabolic enzyme Acetyl-CoA Synthetase 2 (ACSS2) recently emerged as an unexpected regulator of molecular and behavioral changes associated with alcohol use. Its role during prenatal exposure, however, remains unknown. Here, we use a combination of proteomic, genomic and behavioral approaches to establish ACSS2 as a key mediator of prenatal alcohol exposure-related phenotypes. We define the developmental window during which ACSS2 translocates to nuclei in the mouse brain, and show that alcohol-derived acetate is incorporated into fetal brain histone acetylation in utero. Using genetically engineered mice not expressing ACSS2, we demonstrate that loss of this enzyme attenuates chronic prenatal alcohol exposure-induced craniofacial abnormalities, motor function deficits, cognitive impairments as well as associated chromatin and gene expression changes in the dorsal hippocampus and the cerebellar vermis. Our results outline a previously unknown mechanism underlying prenatal alcohol exposure-related phenotypes regulated by ACSS2, which will inform the development of future therapeutic interventions.

HIGHLIGHTSO_LIACSS2 translocates to nuclei during in utero brain development
C_LIO_LIAlcohol-derived acetate is incorporated into fetal brain histone acetylation
C_LIO_LIPrenatal alcohol exposure results in long-lasting and ACSS2-dependent chromatin and gene expression changes in the hippocampus and cerebellar vermis
C_LIO_LILoss of ACSS2 attenuates molecular changes, craniofacial abnormalities and cognitive impairments linked to prenatal alcohol exposure
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dodson, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Periandri, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yadav, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopes, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barfield, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ola, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Luna Vitorino, F. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cearlock, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hill, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maloney, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egervari, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.26.690774</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ACSS2 mediates prenatal alcohol exposure-related morphological and behavioral phenotypes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.26.690831v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Functional Resting-State Network Atlas Based on 420 Older Adults with Hypertension 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.26.690831v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Risk Reduction for Alzheimers Disease (rrAD) trial included 513 cognitively normal, sedentary, hypertensive older adults (aged 60 to 85 years) with dementia risk factors. We utilized 420 high-quality baseline resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) scans from this cohort to develop a functional atlas tailored for aging populations. Typical rs-fMRI atlases derived from healthy young adults do not account for age-related changes, such as cortical atrophy, enlarged ventricles, and altered connectivity. To address this gap, we created a cohort-specific MNI-adjacent anatomical template, rrAD420, using SPM12s DARTEL registration. In this space, we derived a comprehensive functional atlas using both group independent component analysis (GICA) and probabilistic functional mode decomposition (PROFUMO). The rrAD420 atlas offers detailed representations of Resting-State Network (RSN) connectivity, encompassing unique configurations and overlapping interactions. It features two Default-Mode Network (DMN)-specific seed-based maps (DMN24 with cerebellum, DMN18 without) and data-driven components resembling the major RSNs. Furthermore, PROFUMO allowed for the identification of multimodal and combinatory networks, capturing connections within and between RSNs. While optimized for hypertensive older adults, the rrAD420 atlas serves as a versatile tool for broader aging populations, aiding in the study of neurodegenerative processes and biomarker discovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scheel, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yanev, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Binder, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vidoni, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burns, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stowe, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerwin, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cullum, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hynan, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vongpatanasin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.26.690831</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Functional Resting-State Network Atlas Based on 420 Older Adults with Hypertension]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.27.690982v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proteostasis Stress Drives Stem Cell Aging, Clonal Hematopoiesis and Leukemia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.27.690982v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aging is the primary risk factor for clonal hematopoiesis and the development of hematologic malignancies (1-5), yet the selective pressures that shape stem cell behavior and clonal expansion during aging remain poorly defined. Here, we identify proteostasis stress as a central driver of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) aging and clonal evolution. We show that Heat shock factor 1 (Hsf1) is activated in aging HSCs to preserve proteostasis and sustain self-renewal. However, this physiological, age-associated adaptive mechanism is co-opted by pre-leukemic Dnmt3a-mutant HSCs to resist proteostasis and inflammatory stress required to fuel clonal expansion during aging. In the context of co-occurring Dnmt3a and Nras mutations, which are frequently observed in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (6-13), mutant HSCs and progenitors exhibit heightened dependence on Hsf1 for expansion, malignant transformation and disease progression. Loss of Hsf1, or disruption of proteostasis, impairs expansion of mutant progenitors, delays leukemia onset, and prolongs survival. Together, these findings reveal proteostasis as a key constraint in the aging hematopoietic system that imposes a selective bottleneck. Hsf1 activation enables both physiological adaptation in aging stem cells and pathological clonal outgrowth in pre-leukemic and leukemic states, establishing proteostasis control as a pivotal mechanism linking stem cell aging to clonal hematopoiesis and malignancy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiwari, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sunshine, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magee, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Signer, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.27.690982</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proteostasis Stress Drives Stem Cell Aging, Clonal Hematopoiesis and Leukemia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.11.28.691140v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lifelong maintenance of locomotion by embryonically active dopamine neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.11.28.691140v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Locomotor skills arise early in life and must be maintained throughout an animals lifespan, yet how this continuity is achieved despite major neural remodeling remains unclear. Using Drosophila, which undergoes complete metamorphosis, we show that dopamine neurons (DANs) are active during the embryonic stage and that this early activity is essential for locomotion across all developmental stages and adulthood. Through stage-specific behavioral assays, optogenetics, in vivo brain imaging, and fluorescent neuronal tracking, we identify a subset of ventral nervous system (VNS) DANs that modulate locomotor function throughout life. Transcriptomic analyses reveal that they maintain expression of developmental transcription factors. Knocking down these factors in post-mitotic VNS DANs impairs adult locomotion. These findings uncover a previously overlooked function for embryonic DANs and suggest that stable locomotion during nervous system maturation relies on persistent developmental regulator expression coupled with structural remodeling.

HighlightsO_LILocomotor dopamine neurons (DANs) are already active in the Drosophila embryo
C_LIO_LIDAN embryonic activity is essential for lifelong locomotor function
C_LIO_LISelect embryo-born DANs undergo structural remodeling to maintain locomotion across developmental stages
C_LIO_LIThese DANs remain functional by preserving their developmental identity and gene expression programs
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Padmanabhan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khorbtli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sathianathan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Flohic, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Assanga Bisse, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mollereau, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Konstantinides, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Issa, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.11.28.691140</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lifelong maintenance of locomotion by embryonically active dopamine neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.11.29.691311v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gut metabolism links precision nutrition, exercise, and healthspan in Drosophila melanogaster 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.11.29.691311v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Longevity-promoting interventions commonly entail functional trade-offs, raising the unresolved question of whether lifespan extension necessarily compromises physiological performance. Here, utilizing a chemically defined diet (CDD) in Drosophila melanogaster, we systematically evaluated a multimodal intervention combining methionine restriction (MR), taurine supplementation (Tau), and moderate exercise. This combinatorial approach synergistically extended lifespan, preserved reproductive capacity, and improved locomotor function. Integrative targeted metabolomics and stable isotope tracing revealed increased mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle flux and enhanced redox homeostasis in the gut as central metabolic features. Notably, Lactobacillus plantarum was identified as a key microbial mediator responsive to dietary and behavioral stimuli, potentially coordinating host energy metabolism and maintaining physiological integrity. Together, these observations outline a "nutrition-behavior-microbiota" framework that uncouples the traditional trade-off between lifespan and functional health, offering new perspectives for promoting healthy aging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wei, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.11.29.691311</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gut metabolism links precision nutrition, exercise, and healthspan in Drosophila melanogaster]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.01.691651v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FET proteins and PARylation-dependent condensates promote replication fork reversal and genome stability 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.01.691651v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Targeting replication-associated DNA repair mechanisms, including those regulated by PARP1/2 and PARG control of ADP-ribosylation is a powerful cancer therapeutic approach. However, the mechanisms by which PARG inhibition impacts DNA replication remain unclear. Here we combined isolation of proteins on nascent DNA (iPOND) with quantitative proteomics and functional assays to investigate replication fork dynamics upon acute PARG inhibition. We found that FET family proteins (FUS, EWS, and TAF15) are recruited to replication forks in a PAR-dependent manner, forming condensates that slow fork progression and promote fork reversal. FET proteins control fork dynamics in response to some, but not all, replication stresses. FUS inactivation leads to unrestrained fork progression via RECQ1 and PRIMPOL, increased single-stranded DNA gaps, genome instability, and synthetic lethality with BRCA1 deficiency. These findings reveal that FET protein condensates modulate replication stress responses, influencing genome stability and the cellular response to cancer therapeutics targeting PARylation pathways.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Giansanti, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schultz, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vindigni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cortez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.01.691651</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FET proteins and PARylation-dependent condensates promote replication fork reversal and genome stability]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.01.691696v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinguishing near- versus off-critical phase behaviors of intrinsically disordered proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.01.691696v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intrinsically disordered prion-like low complexity domains (PLCDs) drive phase transitions that underlie the biogenesis of different biomolecular condensates. The mapping of critical points is essential for generating quantitative assessments of driving forces and for distinguishing phase behaviors in the critical versus off-critical regimes. Computations play an important role in connecting the molecular-scale interactions to mesoscale phase behaviors of PLCDs and other intrinsically disordered proteins. We report results from accurate mapping of the critical regime for an archetypal PLCD. This is achieved by combining large-scale simulations with computations of Binder cumulants and the use of rigorous finite-size scaling approaches. The computed binodal, defined by knowledge of the critical point and intersection of the left arm of the binodal by the overlap and percolation lines, can be demarcated into three distinct regimes. Regime I is farthest from the critical point, with the coexisting dilute phase being akin to a gas of dispersed polymers. Regime II lies above the intersection of the overlap line and the dilute arm of the binodal. Here, coexisting dilute phases are characterized by heterogeneous cluster-size distributions with heavy tails. In Regimes I and II, dense phases are confined percolated networks. Regime III is closest to the critical point. Here, the dense phase becomes unconfined and the percolated network swells to become system-spanning. Thus, Regime III comprises two interconnected, system-spanning networks. In addition to accurately mapping the critical point, we also evaluated methods for identifying the theta temperature. We find that conventional scaling approaches lead to erroneously low estimates of the theta temperature. Instead, accurate estimation of the theta temperature requires direct calculation of the temperature dependence of the two-body interaction coefficient. We discuss the broader implications of these findings for inferring solvent quality from scaling analyses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mitra, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruff, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chauhan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.01.691696</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinguishing near- versus off-critical phase behaviors of intrinsically disordered proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.02.691925v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The long noncoding RNA Peanut (Gm11454) promotes neurogenesis and rod photoreceptor differentiation during postnatal retinal development. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.02.691925v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) display pervasive expression and function in the developing nervous system. Temporal profiling of gene expression in the retina has demonstrated differential expression of lncRNAs throughout development; however, determinations of lncRNA function during retinal development remain limited. In this study, we identify numerous lncRNAs with dynamic temporal expression and characterize the function of the lncRNA Gm11454, which we have named Peanut. Using overexpression of Peanut in mice retinas, we determine that Peanut promotes rod photoreceptor fate and neurogenesis of retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) via inhibition of Notch signaling and by regulating expression of neighboring gene Tox2. A novel Peanut knockout mouse model demonstrates that Peanut is required for proper visual function and photoreceptor gene expression. Finally, we determined that Peanut is necessary for proper cell cycle progression and neurogenesis. Our results characterize the function of a novel lncRNA as a regulator of RPC neurogenesis and differentiation and support the importance of lncRNAs in the developing retina.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hostetler, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shiau, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruzycki, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blackshaw, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.02.691925</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The long noncoding RNA Peanut (Gm11454) promotes neurogenesis and rod photoreceptor differentiation during postnatal retinal development.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.03.691977v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The lac operon in uropathogenic Escherichia coli enhances intracellular growth by enabling host glycan utilization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.03.691977v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The lac operon in Escherichia coli has been used as a model of gene regulation throughout biology since its characterization in the early 1960s. Despite the myriad of biotechnology applications that arose from characterization of the lac system, the explanation for the importance of a functional lac operon in normal bladder colonization by uropathogenic E. coli remains unknown given that the prototypical substrate, lactose, is not normally known to be readily available within the urinary tract. Here, we identified a unique uropathogenic clinical isolate (5.3r) that has a two codon deletion in the LacY permease, leading to impaired {beta}-galactoside metabolism and attenuation of development of critical intracellular bacterial communities (IBCs) in which UPEC replicates to high numbers, and then disseminates during urinary tract infection. Further, we show that expression of a functional lacY permease gene is sufficient to rescue defects in IBC size and number in 5.3r. In addition, we demonstrate that UPEC are able to utilize the disaccharide galactose {beta}-1,4 N-acetylglucosamine (LacNAc) - which appears as the terminal glycan in a subset of the glycoproteins that decorate the apical surface of bladder epithelial cells - as a sole carbon source in a lac system dependent manner. These data suggest that the lac operon is important to the growth and development of intracellular E. coli through metabolism of host bladder cell glycans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Puri, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villicana, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nye, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hurto, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hazan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gualberto, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopato, E. D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinkner, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dodson, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freddolino, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hultgren, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.03.691977</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The lac operon in uropathogenic Escherichia coli enhances intracellular growth by enabling host glycan utilization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.02.691079v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lemborexant Reduces Infarct Volume and Improves Long-Term Functional Recovery in a Murine Model of Ischemic Stroke 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.02.691079v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionRecovery following ischemic stroke is highly variable and often incomplete, underscoring the urgent need to develop novel targeted poststroke treatments. While the mechanisms underlying poststroke recovery remain incompletely understood, sleep fragmentation, a common consequence of stroke, has been linked to worse patient outcomes. Lemborexant is a dual orexin receptor antagonist that promotes sleep by suppressing wakefulness and enhancing sleep continuity. We hypothesized that lemborexant would reduce poststroke sleep disturbances and promote recovery in a rodent model of stroke.

MethodsWe examined the effects of lemborexant (10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg) and zolpidem (30 mg/kg) on sleep macrostructure, fragmentation, and EEG spectra in both healthy mice and in stroke model mice, which underwent photothrombotic ischemia of the forelimb somatosensory cortex. We also evaluated whether 12 days of drug administration altered infarct volume and functional recovery following the experimental induction of stroke in model mice.

ResultsLemborexant treatment (30 mg/kg) increased the percentage of NREM sleep, while preserving sleep continuity, in both healthy and stroke model mice. In contrast, zolpidem increased NREM sleep after stroke, but also increased sleep fragmentation in both groups. Lemborexant treatment at 10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg significantly reduced infarct volume eight weeks after the induction of stroke. In addition, lemborexant-treated mice showed greater use of the impaired limb four weeks after stroke.

InterpretationThese preclinical findings suggest that lemborexant stabilizes sleep and promotes structural and functional recovery following the experimental induction of stroke in model mice, supporting its potential as a novel therapeutic intervention following ischemic stroke.

Summary for Social Media if PublishedO_LIIf you and/or a co-author has a X handle that you would like to be tagged, please enter it here. (format: @AUTHORSHANDLE). @EricLandsness
C_LIO_LIWhat is the current knowledge on the topic? Sleep plays a critical role in structural and functional recovery after stroke, but most pharmacologic sleep aids, such as benzodiazepines and zolpidem, can fragment sleep and impair neuroplasticity. Dual orexin receptor antagonists like lemborexant may offer a newer, mechanistically distinct approach with potential neuroprotective benefits.
C_LIO_LIWhat question did this study address? This study investigated whether the dual orexin receptor antagonist lemborexant could improve sleep quality, reduce ischemic injury, and enhance functional recovery following stroke in adult mice, compared with the sleep-promoting agent zolpidem.
C_LIO_LIWhat does this study add to our knowledge? Lemborexant increased NREM sleep without causing fragmentation, reduced infarct volume, and improved motor recovery when administered. These findings suggest that modulating sleep architecture through orexin antagonism during the subacute phase after stroke can promote neural repair and functional recovery.
C_LIO_LIHow might this potentially impact on the practice of neurology? Since lemborexant is already FDA-approved for insomnia, these results could be rapidly translated into a therapeutic opportunity to improve stroke recovery through targeted sleep modulation. This approach may shift poststroke care toward integrating neurorestorative, sleep-based interventions during the subacute phase.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jung, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venkitaraman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blackwood, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bibi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibrahim, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuede, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landsness, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.02.691079</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lemborexant Reduces Infarct Volume and Improves Long-Term Functional Recovery in a Murine Model of Ischemic Stroke]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.02.691876v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiscale Spatial Transcriptomic Atlas of Human Basal Ganglia Cell-Type and Cellular Community Organization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.02.691876v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We generated a multi-region, subcellular-resolution spatial transcriptomic atlas of the human basal ganglia by integrating MERFISH+ and Stereo-seq across four neurotypical donors. These datasets profiled [~]7 million cells spanning the caudate, putamen, nucleus accumbens, and globus pallidus, resolving 60 transcriptionally distinct cell types. We show region-selective, molecular and spatial diversification of medium-spiny-neuron cell types and multiple non-neuronal populations with distinct molecular identities and spatial localizations. Subcellular RNA localization captures somatic size and projection-inferred signatures that reflect direct and indirect pathway topology. Cellular community analyses reveal the enrichment of sub-clusters of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes at striosome-matrix borders, while primate-expanded interneurons are confined to matrix territories. Cross-species mapping uncovers orthologous striosome-matrix organization and conserved dorsolateral-ventromedial gene expression gradients. This atlas provides a foundational molecular and spatial framework for studying human basal ganglia architecture, offering a multi-centimeter scale resource that links cell types, spatial architecture, and subcellular transcript topography across multiple nuclei.

HighlightsO_LIOur multi-centimeter scale spatial taxonomy identifies the precise locations of 60 neuronal and glial cell types of human basal ganglia.
C_LIO_LIMERFISH+ and Stereo-seq platforms map consistent spatial modules that align with classical neuroanatomical nuclei.
C_LIO_LID1D2 hybrid MSNs and primate-expanded interneurons show regional and domain specific organization
C_LIO_LISubcellular RNA localization reports soma morphology and projection-inferred signatures.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Berackey, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esser, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nafisi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sequeira Mendieta, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berry, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mamdani, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holmes, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behrens, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ecker, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bintu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.02.691876</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiscale Spatial Transcriptomic Atlas of Human Basal Ganglia Cell-Type and Cellular Community Organization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.02.691896v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Environmental Enrichment Attenuates Fentanyl-Seeking Behavior and Protects Against Stress-Induced Reinstatement in Both Male and Female Rats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.02.691896v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Environmental enrichment (EE) reduces vulnerability to multiple drugs of abuse, yet its impact on fentanyl use and relapse-like behavior remains unclear. Here, we tested whether long-term, non-social, object-based EE alters fentanyl self-administration, extinction, and stress-induced reinstatement in male and female rats. Rats were individually housed in either standard non-enriched (NE) conditions or in EE cages containing a rotating set of novel objects beginning at least three days prior to self-administration. EE did not impact acquisition of fentanyl self-administration but reduced fentanyl intake during maintenance of self-administration and reduced the persistence of drug-seeking in extinction. Following extinction, yohimbine robustly reinstated drug-seeking behavior in NE rats but reinstatement in EE rats was markedly attenuated, indicating reduced sensitivity to stress-induced relapse triggers. Circulating corticosterone levels were lower in EE rats across the experiment and were positively correlated with reinstatement responding, suggesting that enrichments protective effects may be mediated in part by reduced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation. These findings demonstrate that object-based EE, even in the absence of social enrichment, is sufficient to blunt fentanyl use, facilitate extinction, and constrain stress-induced reinstatement. The results highlight the role of environmental context and stress regulation in fentanyl vulnerability and suggest that enrichment-inspired, non-social interventions may offer a scalable strategy to reduce opioid use and relapse risk.

Significance StatementThis study demonstrates that long-term, object-based environmental enrichment in the absence of social peers is sufficient to reduce fentanyl intake and blunt stress-induced reinstatement in male and female rats. These findings identify a simple, scalable environmental intervention capable of dampening both drug use and vulnerability to relapse triggers. Given the prevalence of individuals exposed to periods of social isolation or with limited access to support, understanding how non-peer-based enrichment influences maladaptive opioid use and stress reactivity is of timely and translational importance. The ability of enrichment to reduce corticosterone, fentanyl consumption, and drug-cue reactivity highlights the importance of environmental context in shaping opioid misuse liability and implicates novel and practical avenues for relapse prevention
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Higginbotham, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dearman, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maqbool, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pujol, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moron, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.02.691896</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Environmental Enrichment Attenuates Fentanyl-Seeking Behavior and Protects Against Stress-Induced Reinstatement in Both Male and Female Rats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.02.691900v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Global Evaluation of Congenital Heart Disease-Associated Non-Coding Variants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.02.691900v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Abstract (Summary)Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have mapped thousands of congenital heart disease (CHD)-associated variants within non-coding regions of the genome. Non-coding variants can alter regulatory mechanisms, such as transcription factor (TF) binding control of gene expression, potentially contributing human diseases. However, with the increasing number of disease-associated variants, comprehensive functional validation remains a significant challenge. In this work, we developed a novel method called SNP Bind-n-Seq to evaluate >3,000 CHD-risk variants for allelic binding for the cardiac TFs NKX2-5, GATA4, and TBX5 in a high-throughput manner. These binding affinity data sets were coupled with a massively parallel reporter assay (MPRA) to screen CHD-risk variant genotype-dependent regulatory activity. We identified 170 variants that exhibit allelic TF binding and 187 that modulate gene expression. Combining both approaches revealed three high-confidence variants with genotype-dependent TF binding, genotype-dependent transcriptional activity, and eQTL behavior in cardiac cells. Collectively, this study provides the first combined high-throughput biochemical and functional genomic evaluation of thousands of CHD-risk variants.

HighlightsO_LIAllelic binding affinity measurements of [~]9,600 variants for NKX2-5, GATA4, and TBX5
C_LIO_LIEvaluaFon of >3,000 CHD-risk variants for genotype-dependent regulatory acFvity
C_LIO_LIInteracFon networks idenFfy funcFonal variants and genes involving cardiac eQTLs
C_LI

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=195 SRC="FIGDIR/small/691900v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (49K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1f2dc96org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1700929org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@696ec4org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1e724d8_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pena-Martinez, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medina-Feliciano, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Root, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parks, L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Granitto, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pomales-Matos, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Messon-Bird, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barreiro-Rosario, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanabria-Alberto, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivera-Madera, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez-Rios, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Velazquez-Roig, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figueroa-Rosado, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donmez, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forney, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hesse, H. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunn, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hass, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawson, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weirauch, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kottyan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reilly, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhimsaria, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez-Martinez, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.02.691900</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Global Evaluation of Congenital Heart Disease-Associated Non-Coding Variants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.02.691913v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Noninvasive enrichment of circulating tumor biomarkers in a mouse model of diffuse midline glioma using focused ultrasound 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.02.691913v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundDiagnosing diffuse midline glioma (DMG) through invasive tissue biopsies is challenging due to the tumors eloquent location at the pons. Liquid biopsies offer a promising noninvasive alternative; however, their limited detection sensitivity and lack of information on the source of biomarkers pose great challenges. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of using focused ultrasound (FUS) with microbubbles to enrich circulating DMG tumor biomarkers in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using a mouse model.

MethodsMurine DMG cells, transfected with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and firefly luciferase (Fluc) genes, were orthotopically injected into the mouse brain. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to guide FUS targeting of the DMG tumor. Droplet digital PCR assays were developed to detect circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and RNA (ctRNA) of EGFP and Fluc in blood and CSF samples collected after FUS.

ResultsFUS enhanced the plasma levels of EGFP ctRNA by 5.4-fold (p=0.0112), compared with liquid biopsy without FUS. CSF EGFP ctDNA was increased by 2.5-fold (p=0.0253), and Fluc ctDNA was increased by 2.6-fold (p=0.0253) with FUS. No brain tissue damage was associated with FUS sonication.

ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the feasibility and safety of FUS in enriching tumor biomarkers in blood and CSF in a mouse model of DMG. The enrichment ratio for circulating biomarkers depends on the source (plasma vs. CSF), analyte type (ctDNA vs. ctRNA), and individual marker (EGFP vs. Fluc). These findings support the potential future application of FUS to advance the diagnosis of DMG through liquid biopsy.

Key pointsO_LIddPCR assays were developed to detect plasma and CSF ctDNA and ctRNA in a mouse model of DMG
C_LIO_LIFUS with microbubbles enriched ctDNA and ctRNA in the blood and CSF of a mouse model of DMG
C_LIO_LIThe enrichment ratio on circulating biomarkers is dependent on the source (plasma vs. CSF), analyte type (ctDNA vs. ctRNA), and individual marker (EGFP vs. Fluc)
C_LI

Importance of the studyLiquid biopsy via detecting circulating tumor biomarkers holds enormous clinical value in the diagnosis of diffuse midline glioma (DMG), where the eloquent location of the tumor poses significant risks to invasive surgical tissue biopsies. However, the effectiveness of liquid biopsy is hindered by its low sensitivity and the lack of information about the source of biomarkers. This study demonstrated that noninvasive and spatially targeted FUS treatment can release tumor-derived DNA and RNA into the blood and CSF in a mouse model of DMG. This study also found that the enrichment effect of FUS on circulating biomarkers depends on the source (plasma vs. CSF), analyte type (ctDNA vs. ctRNA), and individual marker (EGFP vs. Fluc). This study opens new avenues for advancing noninvasive DMG diagnosis through FUS-enhanced liquid biopsy (sonobiopsy).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yue, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.02.691913</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Noninvasive enrichment of circulating tumor biomarkers in a mouse model of diffuse midline glioma using focused ultrasound]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.04.690545v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional Connectivity Graph Theory Analysis of Spoken Word Processing Efficiency in Prefrontal Cortical Activation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.04.690545v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine if functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), and graph theory analysis of functional connectivity measures derived from hemodynamic changes in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) can characterize spoken word processing efficiency in neurotypical listeners. Individual differences were assessed by identifying a low performing (Low-P) and a high performing (High-P) individual. Network science and psycholinguistic models of spoken word recognition predict that word frequency and sublexical phonotactic probability of the word form affects the cognitive processing effort. This novel study assesses predictors of processing efficiency directly using functional connectivity measures of global efficiency, local efficiency, modularity, and hubness, derived from listeners frontal lobe hemodynamic response function during a verbal working memory task.

MethodA total of 20 neurologically typical participants (ages 18-21) completed an auditory working memory task where participants were required to hold words differing word frequency and sub lexical phonotactic probability in memory. Changes in oxygenated (HbO) and deoxygenated (HbR) hemoglobin concentration were recorded with a continuous-wave, multi-channel fNIRS system (TechEn, Inc., Milford, MA) using a 20-channel optode montage across the prefrontal cortex. Partial correlation coefficients were calculated between each channel pair to produce 20x20 functional connectivity matrices. Frontal networks were constructed as a graph where nodes in the graph are the light source and edges are connections (e.g., channels) between nodes. Functional connectivity strength and graph theory measures were examined.

ResultsLF and HF words were not processed differently at the behavioral or brain level. Task performance regardless of word frequency was related to brain measures, with higher strength of prefrontal FC relating of worse accuracy (d) regardless of task block, and with high modularity correlating with slow response times on the LF task, measured by HbR signal. Higher efficiencies tended to correspond to better accuracy but none of the tests were significant. High-P showed low FC strength and high efficiency relative to others, while Low-P had high modularity and low efficiency, in line with the direction of the brain-behavior correlations. Lastly, we characterized the centrally important regions ("hubs"). These tended to be located in the left inferior area. High-Ps hubs overlapped with those showing consistent hubs behavior at the group level, while Low-Ps hubs were uncommon.

ConclusionsWe identified network properties related to efficient and inefficient language processing in typical participants, which can be used to assess language function of atypical populations in future studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Skolasinska, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eggebrecht, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.04.690545</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional Connectivity Graph Theory Analysis of Spoken Word Processing Efficiency in Prefrontal Cortical Activation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.03.691662v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pairing extinction training with vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) reduces drug-seeking by altering activity in afferents to the medial prefrontal cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.03.691662v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Relapse triggered by drug-associated cues or stress remains a major challenge in treating substance use disorders (SUDs), as re-exposure reliably provokes craving and reinstatement of drug seeking. Extinction-based interventions can reduce cue reactivity, yet extinction learning is often weak or context-dependent, limiting its clinical impact. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) enhances learning-related plasticity via widespread engagement of neuromodulatory systems and cortical circuits. Recent preclinical work shows that pairing extinction with VNS facilitates extinction learning and reduces cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking, suggesting translational potential as an adjunct to exposure-based therapies. However, the circuit-level mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. To address this gap, we examined how VNS paired with extinction alters activity in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) networks that regulate drug seeking, focusing specifically on afferent projections from the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and ventral hippocampus (vHPC). Male rats received retrograde AAV-eGFP infusions into either the prelimbic (PL) or infralimbic (IL) cortex to label upstream projections, followed by cocaine self-administration, extinction training with VNS or sham stimulation, and cue-induced reinstatement. cFos immunolabeling in the BLA and vHPC revealed pathwayspecific modulation: VNS decreased overall BLA activity and reduced activation of BLA to IL projections, but increased activation of BLA to PL projections. In the vHPC, VNS selectively decreased activation of vHPC to IL projections without affecting PL-projecting neurons. Because these pathways synapse onto parvalbumin interneurons (PVIs) in the mPFC, we quantified PVI activation and found that VNS decreased overall prefrontal cFos expression, but increased PVI activity in the PL, and decreased PVI activity in the IL. Together, these results demonstrate that VNS paired with extinction reshapes prefrontal-amygdala-hippocampal circuits in a pathway-specific manner, potentially modulating feed-forward inhibition to reduce relapse-like behavior. These findings support VNS as a promising strategy to strengthen extinction learning and improve treatment outcomes in SUD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Driskill, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jalilvand, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salazar, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waydick, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suji, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tata, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nuna, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanwal, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kroener, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.03.691662</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pairing extinction training with vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) reduces drug-seeking by altering activity in afferents to the medial prefrontal cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.03.692158v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Visual Semantic Encoding and Identification of Naturalistic Movies via High-Density Diffuse Optical Tomography 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.03.692158v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding how the brain represents meaning in real-world contexts is essential for both fundamental neuroscience and clinical applications. Brain encoding and decoding models from naturalistic stimuli provide a powerful window into semantic representations. Yet, existing approaches rely on a constrained scanning environment, or on conventional fNIRS, which has been limited to sparse sampling and/or block-design paradigms. Here, we tested whether high-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT), an advanced high-density tomographic optical imaging method, can support semantic encoding and decoding using naturalistic movies. We collected 3.5 hours of naturalistic movie viewing data from six participants using stimuli labeled with 1,708 categories. Encoding models robustly predicted voxel-level responses, yielding single semantic category maps consistent with prior fMRI studies. In complementary decoding analyses, we showed that DOT responses captured sufficient semantic content to identify which clips participants viewed. To assess organization across individuals, we identified a shared low-dimensional semantic space that captures common semantic dimensions. Finally, clustering analyses revealed interpretable higher-order semantic dimensions like social and animate agents, objects vs natural organisms, and textural scenes, consistently mapped across the cortex. These findings demonstrate that DOT can recover distributed, high-dimensional semantic representations from naturalistic movies, bridging fMRI-level semantic mapping with the accessibility of optical imaging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fehner, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fogarty, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilhelm, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bajracharya, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markow, Z. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hines, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trobaugh, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huth, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Culver, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.03.692158</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Visual Semantic Encoding and Identification of Naturalistic Movies via High-Density Diffuse Optical Tomography]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.04.692458v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeting ALC1 can safely expand the therapeutic utility of PARP inhibitors across high-grade serous ovarian cancers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.04.692458v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) are approved for homologous recombination-deficient (HRD) high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOCs), but their long-term effectiveness is limited by the emergence of resistance and hematological toxicity. Moreover, PARPi are largely ineffective in HR-proficient HGSOCs, particularly tumors with CCNE1 amplification, which exhibit marked therapeutic resistance and currently lack effective treatment options. Loss of a chromatin remodeling enzyme, Amplified in Liver Cancer 1 (ALC1), has been shown to enhance PARPi sensitivity. However, the clinical contexts in which ALC1 targeting will be clinically meaningful remain elusive. Here we demonstrate that ALC1 loss enhances PARPi sensitivity across HRD and CCNE1-amplified serous ovarian cancer lines, xenograft and patient-derived cells. ALC1 depletion can overcome clinically relevant mechanisms of PARPi resistance while having minimal effects in BRCA-wild-type or heterozygous non-cancerous cells. Consistent with this therapeutic safety, PARPi sensitivity upon ALC1 loss can be reliably predicted by the endogenous levels of phospho-T21 RPA2, a marker for replication stress which is typically higher in ovarian cancer cells compared to their normal counterparts. Together, our studies define the clinical contexts in which the therapeutic utility of PARPi can be expanded by targeting ALC1, whose inhibitors are currently in Phase I clinical trials.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Verma, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aubuchon, L. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramakrishnan, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reddy, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Compadre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lomonosova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kemper, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehta, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zoberi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khabele, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christie, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mullen, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.04.692458</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeting ALC1 can safely expand the therapeutic utility of PARP inhibitors across high-grade serous ovarian cancers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.04.692427v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Graded BMP signals modulate yellow and red color in fishes impacting adult pigment pattern and behavior 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.04.692427v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Among the most interesting adult traits are those with roles in animal communication. Yet developmental mechanisms by which genes drive cell behaviors in building the final forms of such traits are rarely known. In this context, pigmentation is useful because colors and patterns often provide signals in mate choice, predation avoidance and other behaviors and pigmentation is unusually accessible to observation and manipulation. Here we focus on some of the most prominent signaling colors--red, orange and yellow--and show how BMP signaling at the cellular level allows for a very different kind of signal at the organismal level. Using pearl danio, Danio albolineatus, we find that spatially and temporally graded BMP signals promote development of yellow/orange xanthophores over red erythrophores in the fin of this species and a distantly related minnow, Tanichthys albonubes, and that conserved mechanisms, involving BMP co-receptor Rgmb, regulate differentiation of other pigment cell types in corresponding locations of zebrafish, D. rerio. We further use mutants of D. albolineatus with more red or more yellow cells than wild-type to demonstrate female responsiveness to carotenoid-based color differences between males in shoaling preference assays, and we show the existence of polygenic standing variation for this pigmentary trait. Our findings illustrate a chain of function spanning hierarchical levels and provide a deeper understanding of pigmentary form and function and its evolution.

HIGHLIGHTSO_LIFate specification of alternative red or yellow pigment cell types in the fin of a minnow, pearl danio, depends on thresholds and gradients in BMP signaling during fin outgrowth.
C_LIO_LIGenetic loss of BMP signaling leads to production of red over yellow carotenoids with resulting "super-red" fish preferred by females in shoaling assays.
C_LIO_LIBMP-dependence of pigmentary traits is conserved across species with standing, polygenic variation for fin pattern and color in pearl danio.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Mello, P. L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kapadia, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbo, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parichy, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.04.692427</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Graded BMP signals modulate yellow and red color in fishes impacting adult pigment pattern and behavior]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.04.692428v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Profiles of Aging Based on Cognition, Affect, and Brain Reserve 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.04.692428v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The aging paradox describes improvements in emotional wellbeing as a function of aging, despite declines in cognition. Conversely, late life depression has been associated with increased cognitive decline in aging. We sought to understand these seemingly contradictory patterns of cognitive and mental health in older age. Building on cognitive reserve, affective reserve, and brain reserve models of aging, we developed three alternative algorithmic approaches to group N=22,686 participants from the UK Biobank into different profiles of aging. Our results revealed that aging profiles identified using our data-driven brain reserve model, which incorporated measures of cognition, neuroticism, and brain volume, achieved the highest validation results. Importantly, only two of the four aging profiles were characterized by the aging paradox (i.e., improved emotionality and decreased cognition with age). We identified one profile characterized by particularly low levels of neuroticism and relative resilience to cognitive decline. Another profile benefited from relatively preserved brain volumes, potentially driven by younger ages and/or higher socioeconomic status. Conversely, we identified two profiles with poorer health characteristics, including one profile with elevated cardiovascular risk. Taken together, these findings enrich our understanding of the emotion paradox and highlight the value of taking a nuanced and stratified approach when studying aging. In the future, aging profiles could be used to target preventative strategies to address modifiable risk factors and improve lifespan and healthspan.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jarukasemkit, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stahl, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tam, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rincon, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Modi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamilton, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lenzini, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmad, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Easley, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bijsterbosch, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.04.692428</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Profiles of Aging Based on Cognition, Affect, and Brain Reserve]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.07.692848v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Harnessing anti-CRISPR to suppress, subtract, and segregate Cas9 activity for precision CRISPR in Drosophila 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.07.692848v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tissue-specific CRISPR (ts-CRISPR) is a powerful approach for studying cell and developmental biology by restricting mutagenesis to specific tissues. However, the precision of this approach is often compromised by non-specific, "leaky" Cas9 activity that confounds phenotypic analysis and destabilizes Cas9/gRNA stocks. To address these limitations in Drosophila, we developed a toolkit based on the Anti-CRISPR (Acr) protein AcrIIA4. We first identified AcrIIA4 as a potent in vivo Cas9 inhibitor with high stability and established the temporal requirements for its function. Based on these findings, we generated three classes of Acr tools. First, a collection of AcrIIA4-bearing balancers robustly suppresses Cas9 and enables the stable maintenance of complex Cas9/gRNA stocks. Importantly, maternal deposition of AcrIIA4 from these balancers provides a means of temporal control, delaying Cas9 activity until metamorphosis. Second, tissue-specific AcrIIA4 transgenes refine leaky Cas9 drivers in a "tissue-subtraction" strategy. Finally, germline-specific and soma-specific Acr tools efficiently segregate Cas9 activity, solving bidirectional leakiness between these two compartments. This comprehensive AcrIIA4 toolkit provides new levels of precision, versatility, and temporal control for Drosophila CRISPR applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeung, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lakkis, Z. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.07.692848</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Harnessing anti-CRISPR to suppress, subtract, and segregate Cas9 activity for precision CRISPR in Drosophila]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.08.693048v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Heat-shock pathway activation by TRC051384 protects spiral ganglion neurons from noise-induced hearing loss 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.08.693048v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a major public health problem caused by damage to cochlear hair cells, synapses, and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). Since effective treatments are lacking, we investigated cellular stress responses induced by moderate and loud noise in a mouse model of cochlear synaptopathy. RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics revealed that noise exposure elicited a robust but transient upregulation of endoplasmic reticulum chaperones and proteasome subunits in SGNs and their supporting cells. To target this response, we administered TRC051384, a small-molecule activator of the heat shock transcription factor Hsf1, prior to noise exposure. TRC051384 crossed the blood-labyrinth barrier and reached the cochlea, induced heat shock protein gene expression, and restored ubiquitin-proteasome function in SGNs. Notably, TRC051384 treatment enhanced auditory brainstem response threshold recovery, preserved Wave I amplitudes, and maintained ribbon synapse density. These findings establish proteotoxic stress in SGNs as a key driver of NIHL and identify HSF1 activation as a promising therapeutic strategy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edassery, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shramuk, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheatham, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rutherford, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welty, l.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savas, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.08.693048</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Heat-shock pathway activation by TRC051384 protects spiral ganglion neurons from noise-induced hearing loss]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.10.693099v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cilia.io: Computer vision and machine learning reveal spatial patterns of cilia beating dynamics in the spinal cord 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.10.693099v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Motile cilia coordinate fluid flows that are essential for normal tissue physiology and function. Cilia display diverse beating waveforms, and while pronounced defects are strongly associated with motile ciliopathies, more subtle alterations may also influence disease manifestations1-3. Finer quantification of ciliary dynamics is critical for a full understanding of cilia-associated disorders, but the heterogeneity of cilia beating dynamics makes accurate and robust characterization challenging. Because existing tools have proven to be limiting in noisy in vivo environments4-6, we developed Cilia.io, a machine learning (ML)-based quantification tool that uses state-of-the-art vision transformers to segment cilia out of the background based on their biological features. Cilia.io enables fast, accurate, and reproducible quantification of motile cilia morphodynamics and outperforms existing tools. Indeed, using Cilia.io, we discovered distinct regional differences in ciliary waveforms in the zebrafish spinal cord. Cilia.ios ability to capture subtle ciliary defects was further demonstrated by analyzing a novel allele in the ciliopathy gene bbs2 that causes a highly heterogeneous scoliosis phenotype. In these mutants, only dorsal cilia displayed altered beating dynamics, while ventral cilia remained largely unaffected. Our new tool therefore represents a substantial advance on existing methods and suggests that additional fine-scale analyses of ciliary beating will be important for understanding organismal phenotypes and cilia-driven disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Atayeter, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blottin, T. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joe, I. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sistrunk, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solnica-Krezel, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerstlauer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallingford, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gray, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.10.693099</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cilia.io: Computer vision and machine learning reveal spatial patterns of cilia beating dynamics in the spinal cord]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.10.693206v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Patterns of brain-wide associations reflect socioeconomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.10.693206v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Previous brain-wide association studies (BWAS) cross-sectionally linked a specific behavioral trait, most commonly IQ or psychopathology, to variation in brain function or structure. Here, we expanded the focus of BWAS from effect sizes to interpretability and generalizability by mapping 649 variables to brain function and structure. We compared the resultant BWAS maps to other types of brain data to annotate the BWAS patterns. Socioeconomic status (SES) -- not IQ or psychopathology -- showed the strongest associations with both resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) and cortical thickness in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. A principal exposome brain pattern, anchored to sensory and motor cortex, captured 34% of the variance across all BWAS maps. This exposome pattern was strongly correlated with the SES and IQ BWAS maps and non-BWAS maps of sleep (EEG), norepinephrine (PET), and stimulants (drug trial), but not cognitive activation maps (task fMRI). Adjusting for SES, reduced brain-IQ associations by 40%. Brain with IQ associations did not generalize, as they could no longer be detected in subsamples drawn from only higher SES backgrounds, while brain with SES associations remained strong in higher-IQ-only subsamples. These findings reveal SES as the principal axis of population-level brain variation, possibly stemming from the sleep deprivation and heightened stress associated with lower SES, since socioeconomics can only indirectly affect the brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donohue, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karcher, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoyniak, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chauvin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baden, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suljic, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheidter, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monk, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whiting, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez-Perez, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krimmel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metoki, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorelik, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hendrickson, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malone, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwarzlose, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cardenas-Iniguez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herting, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petersen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luby, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Randolph, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shanahan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turkheimer, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kay, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laumann, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barch, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fair, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tervo-Clemmens, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dosenbach, N. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.10.693206</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Patterns of brain-wide associations reflect socioeconomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.10.693478v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BIOSPONGES EMBEDDED WITH GDNF ENHANCE NEUROMUSCULAR RECOVERY FOLLOWING VOLUMETRIC MUSCLE LOSS 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.10.693478v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Skeletal muscle cannot regenerate after volumetric muscle loss (VML), a traumatic injury defined as the loss of > 20% of a muscles mass. VML directly reduces the number of myofibers and causes axonal degeneration of nerves, resulting in reduced muscle function and impaired neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). Biosponge (BSG) scaffolds, composed of gelatin, collagen, and laminin-111, have been shown to improve muscle mass, cross-sectional area, and myofiber number following VML. However, improvements in NMJ quantity were not observed. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a growth factor that enhances motor unit survival and neurite outgrowth. In this work, BSG scaffolds were electrostatically coupled with GDNF via gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) to support myofiber regeneration and preserve NMJs post-VML in a rodent model. In vitro determination of release kinetics revealed an initial burst release of surface bound GDNF with almost an equivalent amount of electrostatically bound GDNF retained within the BSG post 1 week of incubation at 37{degrees}C in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). To create the VML injury in male Lewis rats (10-12 weeks old), [~]20% of the muscle mass was removed from the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of both hindlimbs. Relative to BSG+GNP alone, treatment with BSG+GNP+GDNF showed a significant increase ([~]25%) in peak isometric torque at 6 weeks post-injury. Qualitative and quantitative histological analysis of NMJs revealed an enhanced overlap between pre- and post-synaptic structures in the BSG+GNP+GDNF group. Additionally, the incorporation of GDNF slowed BSG remodeling and degradation. Overall, these results suggest that the BSG-mediated delivery of GDNF is an effective strategy for mitigating NMJ loss and enhancing muscle recovery following VML.



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=96 SRC="FIGDIR/small/693478v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1719d84org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1c6bceorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1e9a9a5org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@180ad57_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG Graphical Abstract Tadiwala et al., 2025 Biosponges embedded with GDNF promote neuromuscular recovery following volumetric muscle loss.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tadiwala, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tobo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sekerak, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheetz, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ridolfo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gamage, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ertugral, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jelliss, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wood, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kothapalli, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garg, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.10.693478</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BIOSPONGES EMBEDDED WITH GDNF ENHANCE NEUROMUSCULAR RECOVERY FOLLOWING VOLUMETRIC MUSCLE LOSS]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.11.693741v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CompBio and MIRaS : A Multi-omic Analysis Platform Built on a Memory-Based Intelligence Engine 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.11.693741v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As molecular and cellular technologies have advanced, the need to analyze and interpret the resulting, often vast and multi-modal, data into actionable intelligence has become a rate-limiting factor in scientific advancement. While traditional knowledgebase-pathway tools and LLM-based AI tools both provide a degree of support in data interpretation, both exhibit limitations. Presented here is the CompBio multi-omic analysis platform built upon a novel memory-based intelligence engine, MIRaS. The system is not dependent on human-curated pathway knowledgebases, can perform statistical significance analysis, does not suffer from hallucination, and produces traceable results. Furthermore, substantial effort has been placed in the computer-human knowledge transfer components of the system to enable efficient interaction, interpretation, and learning. The system has undergone years of extensive testing, validation, and evolution in omics-based research with dozens of associated publications verifying its effectiveness. A systematic assessment of CompBio and a detailed description of the MIRaS method are provided.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Head, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barve, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Storer, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoxsie, W. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcum, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMichael, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lalmansingh, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, B. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuster, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.11.693741</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CompBio and MIRaS : A Multi-omic Analysis Platform Built on a Memory-Based Intelligence Engine]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.11.693778v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Personalized biventricular mechanics and sensitivity to model morphology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.11.693778v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWWe present a computational framework for constructing patient-specific models of cardiac mechanics based on standard clinical data, including electrocardiogram (ECG), cuff blood pressure, and electrocardiography-gated computed tomography angiography (CTA) imaging. The model is coupled to a closed-loop lumped parameter network (LPN) circulatory model and incorporates rule-based fiber architecture, as well as spatially varying epicardial boundary conditions to approximate surrounding tissue support. Model parameters are personalized through a multistep procedure that sequentially tunes circulatory dynamics, passive mechanics, and active contraction. The resulting personalized BiV model closely matches clinical pressure and volume measurements and reasonably agrees with image-based myocardial deformation. To assess the impact of anatomical model choice, we compare the BiV model to two commonly-used simplifications: a truncated BiV (t-BiV) model cut at the basal plane and a left ventricle-only (LV) model. For these models, we also evaluate their sensitivity to plausible variations in boundary conditions and contractile strength. With all other inputs held fixed, the LV model exhibits similar global pressure/volume behavior, despite moderate differences in regional deformation. In contrast, the t-BiV model produces substantial differences in both global function and local myocardial mechanics. These results suggest that while LV-only models may be sufficient for biomechanical studies, truncation at the basal plane strongly impacts model outputs and should be used with caution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brown, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salvador, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ennis, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, I. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vedula, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marsden, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.11.693778</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Personalized biventricular mechanics and sensitivity to model morphology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.11.693807v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Immune-mediated Engagement of T Regulatory Cells with Tumor Cells Results in Trogocytosis and Tumor Cell Killing. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.11.693807v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite advances in treatment, >50% of patients with advanced melanoma are unresponsive to current therapies. Using the B78-D14 melanoma model (GD2+/MHC-I-/MHC-II+), we can cure mice with a regimen that includes radiation therapy (RT) in combination with immunocytokine (IC; anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody linked to IL-2) while establishing immunological memory. We interrogated the role of T cells in the antitumor and memory responses following RT+IC. We show a requirement for CD4, but not CD8 T cells, to achieve both the initial and memory responses. Upon IC-induced cell-cell contact, subsets of CD4 T cells, including Foxp3 T regulatory cells, trogocytose GD2 from tumor cells, acquire cytotoxic granules, and kill tumor cells. These results were confirmed using human tumor cell lines. These findings reveal that CD4 T regulatory cells, upon immunologically-induced binding to tumor cells, can trogocytose tumor antigens and directly kill tumor cells, redefining their potential role in antitumor immunity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Erbe, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feils, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>VandenHeuvel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyenga, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hampton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heck, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaborek, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spiegelman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsarovsky, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoefges, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pieper, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlson, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Felder, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillies, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heaton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dinh, H. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rakhmilevich, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sondel, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.11.693807</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Immune-mediated Engagement of T Regulatory Cells with Tumor Cells Results in Trogocytosis and Tumor Cell Killing.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.12.694063v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrative Genomic and Functional Analyses Reveal NINL as a Modulator of Tau Aggregation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.12.694063v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionProteostasis dysfunction is a hallmark of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimers disease (AD), yet the genetic and molecular pathways that disrupt protein homeostasis remain poorly understood.

MethodsWe integrated human genetics, transcriptomics, and functional studies to identify proteostasis network components involved in tauopathy.

ResultsWe identified 18 proteostasis network genes harboring 75 rare, damaging variants enriched in FTD and/or AD. These genes, spanning multiple proteostasis pathways, were differentially expressed in MAPT mutant neurons and dysregulated in FTD and AD brains. NINL, which encodes Nlp, emerged as the only gene consistently upregulated across all datasets. NINL overexpression reduced tau seeding and enhanced lysosomal proteolytic activity, whereas two FTD-enriched NINL frameshift variants impaired Nlp expression and abolished these protective effects.

DiscussionOur findings identify a set of proteostasis genes with genetic and transcriptional links to neurodegeneration and reveal NINL as a novel regulator of tau aggregation, potentially upregulated as an adaptive response to proteotoxic stress.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Swift, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cochran, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minaya, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castruita, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Starr, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galasso, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marsh, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kao, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yokoyama, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karch, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.12.694063</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrative Genomic and Functional Analyses Reveal NINL as a Modulator of Tau Aggregation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.15.694496v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cross-species consensus atlas of the primate basal ganglia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.15.694496v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The basal ganglia (BG) are conserved brain regions essential for motor control, learning, emotion, and cognition, and are implicated in neurological and psychiatric disease. Yet a unified cross-species taxonomy of BG cell types is lacking, limiting translation of BG circuit mechanisms, interpretation of human genetic risk, and development of cell type-targeted tools. We present a multiomic consensus atlas of 1.8 million nuclei from human, macaque, and marmoset spanning eight BG structures. Integrating cross-species gene expression, open chromatin, and spatial profiling enables definition of conserved and divergent cell types. Alignment to existing mouse and human atlases identifies 61 homologous cell types conserved over 80 million years. We identify a STRd D2 StrioMat Hybrid medium spiny neuron (MSN) type with molecular, electrophysiological, and morphological features that clarify hybrid MSN identities. Comparative cis-regulatory analysis reveals conserved sequence grammars that encode cell identity and inform viral targeting strategies, providing a foundational resource for BG evolution, function, and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Johansen, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmitz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dubuc, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kempynck, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wirthlin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hewitt, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seeman, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeBerardine, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kapen, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yanny, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avola, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barlow, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertagnolli, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhandiwad, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Budzillo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caballero, V. E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caceres, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casper, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakka, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakrabarty, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eggermont, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>French, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gloe, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldy, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guilford, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guzman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirschstein, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jungert, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kannan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kedzierska, K. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kroes, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leytze, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manning, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCu</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.15.694496</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cross-species consensus atlas of the primate basal ganglia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.15.694403v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human MutLa activates methylpurine DNA glycosylase to induce alkylation damage cytotoxicity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.15.694403v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alkylation chemotherapy is commonly used against tumors such as glioblastoma, yet resistance often develops through downregulation of mismatch repair (MMR). Previous work has established that loss of MMR prevents the excision of the thymine-containing strand across O6meG-T mismatches. Thus, MMR dysfunction is advantageous because it prevents a vicious cycle of attempted repair that leads to cell death. Here, we provide an alternative explanation to this prevailing mechanism of alkylation chemoresistance by MMR loss. We find that the MMR protein MutL physically and functionally interacts with the base excision repair (BER) enzyme methylpurine DNA glycosylase (MPG), which processes common alkylation adducts, such as 7meG and 3meA. Biochemical reconstitution demonstrates that MutL activates MPG glycosylase activity at least partly by promoting MPG substrate binding. This glycosylase stimulation requires ATP hydrolysis as well as the MLH1-interacting region on MPG. Both MutL or its ability to interact with MPG promote the generation of alkylation-induced abasic sites in cells, which contribute to the cytotoxicity of methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), an SN2 alkylating agent which does not produce O6meG. Our results provide new insight into the mechanism of alkylation chemoresistance and uncover an unappreciated crosstalk between MMR and base excision repair.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ashour, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krekeler, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhowmik, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herrera-Montavez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, M.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kantar, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaher, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galletto, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mosammaparast, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.15.694403</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human MutLa activates methylpurine DNA glycosylase to induce alkylation damage cytotoxicity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.16.694722v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Goldilocks effect drives plant diversification on middle-aged Hawaiian islands 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.16.694722v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Islands are ideal mesocosms for studying dispersal, speciation, and extinction, but our understanding of insular radiations has long been limited by the difficulty of estimating the timing and tempo of island evolution in the absence of fossils and methods that explicitly account for the role of paleogeography in diversification. We introduce a new generalizable model, TimeFIG, which jointly infers paleogeographically-informed biogeographic rates, ancestral species ranges, and divergence times without using fossils. Using TimeFIG, we reconstruct the phylogeny of Hawaiian Kadua, an ecomorphologically diverse but understudied plant lineage in the coffee family (Rubiaceae), and estimate dispersal, speciation, and extinction rates simultaneously with divergence times and ancestral ranges. Our results support a range of colonization times, either corresponding with the rise of the oldest modern island, Kauai, or with older now-eroded, northwestern islands. We detect strong effects of island isolation on dispersal rates, and find highest diversification rates when islands are "middle-aged" (i.e., Goldilocks effect). Our unified spatiotemporal framework unlocks new possibilities for historical biogeography, enabling rigorous tests of foundational hypotheses in island biology and evolutionary theory.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lichter-Marck, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swiston, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendes, F. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>May, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neupane, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baldwin, B. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wood, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ronsted, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, W. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zapata, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landis, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.16.694722</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Goldilocks effect drives plant diversification on middle-aged Hawaiian islands]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.17.694357v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nuclear N-Glycosylation Redefines the Glycoscape and Directs Cell Identity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.17.694357v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glycans modify nucleic acids, proteins and lipids in fundamental biological processes, but have long been considered confined to the secretory pathway and cell surface. Here, we challenge this view with evidence that N-glycosylation, a ubiquitous glycan modification, occurs within cell nuclei across tissues and species, exhibiting cell type-dependent abundance and localization patterns. Using a multi-faceted approach, we show that numerous classical membrane and secreted glycoproteins localize to the nucleus with N-glycan modifications, exemplified by the cell adhesion molecule L1CAM. Mechanistically, we show that the N-glycosylated L1CAM is transported to the nucleus by KPNB1, where it transcriptionally modulates neuronal differentiation. Moreover, this nuclear N-glycosylation event contributes to neurodevelopmental disorders and is pharmacologically reversible. These findings revise the cellular geography of N-glycosylation and expand the known routes of protein trafficking, and highlight nuclear N-glycosylation pathways as potential therapeutic entry points for developmental disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.17.694357</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nuclear N-Glycosylation Redefines the Glycoscape and Directs Cell Identity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.17.695051v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fetoplacental circadian rhythms develop and then synchronize to the mother in utero 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.17.695051v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Circadian rhythms in gene expression and hormones are ubiquitous across species and differentiated cell types, yet their developmental origins remain poorly understood. This study aimed to determine if daily rhythms can be detected in utero and if they synchronize to the mother. We developed methods to longitudinally monitor PERIOD2 (PER2), a core circadian clock protein, from embryonic day (E)8.5 to E17.5 by restricting PER2::LUCIFERASE (PER2::LUC) expression to the mouse fetoplacental unit (fetus and fetal-derived tissues). In utero fetoplacental bioluminescence imaging showed that PER2 levels rose exponentially during pregnancy, with variable daily peak times that stabilized to dusk by E15.5. Interestingly, pregnancies that did not exhibit daily in utero PER2 variation were more likely to fail. Because maternal glucocorticoids have been implicated in fetal development and synchronizing other circadian tissues, we tested its capability to shift fetoplacental PER2 rhythms in utero. Daily subcutaneous glucocorticoid injections over five days of late pregnancy phase-dependently shifted the fetoplacental PER2 rhythms in utero. Blocking glucocorticoid signaling in vitro reduced synchrony between maternal and fetal placenta by [~]40%. We conclude that in utero daily rhythms gradually develop and synchronize with the mother prior to birth, potentially through glucocorticoid signaling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nikhil, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bates, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sapiro, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amme, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCarthy, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Speck, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasireddy, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin-Fairey, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dominguez-Romero, M.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia Cardenas, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>England, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herzog, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.17.695051</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fetoplacental circadian rhythms develop and then synchronize to the mother in utero]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.19.695001v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptomic analysis of 40 human and rodent skeletal muscle exerkines 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.19.695001v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Animal and human studies show that exercise induces organism wide molecular adaptations, many of which are mediated by exerkines which are secreted factors that enable communication between tissues such as skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, liver and the brain. However, the tissue specific responsiveness of individual exerkines and how these responses differ across species, exercise conditions and sexes remain poorly understood. To address this gap, we systematically analyzed skeletal muscle transcriptomic responses of 40 exerkines using three publicly available datasets which include MetaMEx, Extrameta and the MoTrPAC rat training study. We analyzed exerkine specific regulation in humans, mice and rats across acute and chronic exercise as well as inactivity, and determined which responses were conserved, species specific, sex dependent or dependent on exercise duration. Our analysis reveals substantial heterogeneity in skeletal muscle exerkine regulation with only a small subset showing conserved changes across species, while many exerkines exhibited human exclusive, rodent exclusive, acute specific or chronic specific patterns. These results provide a ranked overview of the most exercise responsive skeletal muscle exerkines and highlight the need for multi species and multi condition approaches when selecting exerkines as biomarkers or therapeutic targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Taha, H. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robbins, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zoha, F.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vivek, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bogoniewski, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.19.695001</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptomic analysis of 40 human and rodent skeletal muscle exerkines]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.19.695003v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stress-induced loss of CTCF reveals an alternative, promoter-based mode of cohesin looping 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.19.695003v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cells continually encounter environmental stressors that challenge homeostasis. How three-dimensional (3D) chromatin structure contributes to these stress responses, particularly under hyperosmotic conditions, remains poorly understood. Here, using time-resolved Hi-C, CUT&Tag, auxin-inducible depletion, and RNA-seq, we map 3D chromatin structure, its molecular drivers, and transcriptional outcomes during the hyperosmotic stress response. Within 1 hour of sorbitol treatment, pre-existing loops and domains undergo genome-wide collapse, accompanied by the emergence of several hundred de novo, sorbitol-induced loops that are more punctate, longer-range, and transient. These newly formed loops weaken over time and largely dissipate by 24 hours, coincident with recovery of pre-existing chromatin structure. Loop reorganization is consistent across human cell types and hyperosmotic stimuli. CUT&Tag and degron experiments reveal that sorbitol-induced loops require cohesin but not CTCF. Newly formed loop anchors are enriched at active promoters containing SP and KLF family motifs. Genes located at these anchors show little immediate transcriptional change but are activated several hours after loop formation, consistent with loops functioning upstream of gene activation. Together, our findings show that hyperosmotic stress triggers a rapid, reversible, and CTCF-independent reorganization of 3D chromatin interactions that helps coordinate transcriptional adaptation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Flores, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perreault, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drum, Z. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cruz Alonso, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petros, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quiroga-Barber, I. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahasrabudhe, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demmerle, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phanstiel, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.19.695003</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stress-induced loss of CTCF reveals an alternative, promoter-based mode of cohesin looping]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.21.693523v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Optogenetic Proximity Labeling Maps Spatially Resolved Mitochondrial Surface Proteomes and a Locally Regulated Ribosome Pool 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.21.693523v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Outer mitochondrial membranes (OMM) function as dynamic hubs for inter-organelle communication, integrating bidirectional signals, and coordinating organelle behavior in a context-dependent manner. However, tools for mapping mitochondrial surface proteomes with high spatial and temporal resolution remain limited. Here, we introduce an optogenetic proximity labeling strategy using LOV-Turbo, a light-activated biotin ligase, to profile mitochondrial surface proteomes with improved precision, temporal control, and reduced background. By fusing LOV-Turbo to a panel of variants of an OMM-anchored protein, Miro1, we generate spatially distinct baits that resolve modular architectures and regulatory states of the OMM proteomes across diverse conditions, a database we name MitoSurf. Building on this proteomic map, we present RiboLOOM, a platform that defines LOV-Turbo labeled ribosomes and their bound mRNAs at the mitochondrial surface. MitoSurf and RiboLOOM uncover a spatially distinct ribosome pool at the OMM that is maintained by Miro1, enabling local mRNA engagement and translation of mitochondria-related proteins. These findings establish Miro1 as a key organizer of mitochondrial protein biogenesis through spatial confinement of surface-associated ribosomes. Our platform reveals an uncharted layer of mitochondrial surface biology and provides a generalizable strategy to dissect dynamic RNA-protein-organelle interfaces in living cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kwak, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creery, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilkerson, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Major, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elias, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.21.693523</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Optogenetic Proximity Labeling Maps Spatially Resolved Mitochondrial Surface Proteomes and a Locally Regulated Ribosome Pool]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.21.695813v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Defining bottlenecks and physiological impact of an orthogonal translation initiation system 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.21.695813v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Reengineering translation initiation provides a powerful route to develop new translation systems that enable precise control of protein synthesis. While many engineered translation systems show promise, their orthogonality and impact on host physiology is largely uncharacterized, limiting broader application. Here, we develop an initiator-tRNA with an AAC anticodon mutation (i-tRNA-AAC), enabling translation initiation at a GUU start codon. Using fluorescence assays, proteomics, and tRNA sequencing, we assess the i-tRNA-AAC initiation orthogonality and effects on the host, guiding the optimization of its translational efficiency. We find the i-tRNA-AAC mutant initiates translation exclusively from its GUU start codon and is improved by overexpression of valyl-tRNA synthetase and methionyl-tRNA formyltransferase. However, this intervention perturbs aminoacylation and base modifications of endogenous tRNAs along with proteome-wide changes likely due to increased valine demand. Our findings demonstrate how an orthogonal translation initiation system reshapes host physiology and reveals the adaptive responses that accompany translational reprogramming.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scopelliti, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vincent, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hutvagner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whelan, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klare, W. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pang, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Church, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaschke, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.21.695813</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Defining bottlenecks and physiological impact of an orthogonal translation initiation system]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.22.693132v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial transcriptomic profiling of decalcified murine musculoskeletal samples via Xenium Prime 5K 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.22.693132v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Successful generation of high-quality spatial transcriptomics data from murine musculoskeletal tissues has been impeded by the challenge of preserving RNA integrity through the harsh tissue processing steps required for histological sectioning. In particular, the need to thoroughly fix and decalcify mineralized tissues has proven problematic. We detail a comprehensive sample processing pipeline for three common murine musculoskeletal tissue samples, enabling high-quality transcript detection via imaging-based spatial transcriptomics using the Xenium Prime 5K platform from 10x Genomics. Our protocol outlines methodological details for transcardiac perfusion, fixation, decalcification, paraffin processing, and a sample co-embedding strategy facilitating anatomically consistent and simultaneous sectioning of multiple samples onto the spatial transcriptomics slide. Rigorous quality control demonstrates high-quality tissue-specific outcomes across intact knee joints, tibiae, and lumbar spines from adult mice. Our pipeline enabled 70-91% high-quality transcripts across synovium, meniscus, patellar tendon, articular cartilage, subchondral bone, cortical bone, bone marrow, muscle, fracture callus, and dorsal root ganglion tissues. The average number of detected transcripts varied markedly between tissue types - soft tissues such as synovium, patellar tendon, muscle, bone marrow, and callus exhibited ~200 - 400 transcript per cell; mineralized tissues such as subchondral bone, meniscus, and cortical bone exhibited ~ 13 - 150 transcripts per cell; highly active neuronal tissues such as dorsal root ganglion neurons yielded 750 - 1100 transcripts per cell. Canonical cell markers within each tissue confirmed successful identification and representation of key cell types.

Through rigorous sample quality assessment at multiple stages of processing, this protocol yields high-quality RNA transcript detection while preserving critical anatomical context and will serve as a valuable tool enabling spatial transcriptomic profiling of intact musculoskeletal tissue samples.

Lay summarySpatial transcriptomics is a powerful scientific tool that characterizes genetic coding material ("transcripts") of specific cell types in their native anatomical context. However, successfully applying this tool to musculoskeletal tissues has been challenging because preserving transcript integrity in these tissues requires additional care. The authors of this publication developed a specialized method for preparing tissue samples from mice that works with the spatial transcriptomics platform, 10x Genomics Xenium Prime 5K. This protocol improves sample quality while preserving high-quality genetic information in various mouse musculoskeletal tissues, making it easier to explore their functions.

Graphical abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=168 SRC="FIGDIR/small/693132v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@4c4389org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@e607bcorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@5f957org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@34ce27_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lammlin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, H. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newton, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howser, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Redding, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Capobianco, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hankenson, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knights, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maerz, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.22.693132</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial transcriptomic profiling of decalcified murine musculoskeletal samples via Xenium Prime 5K]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.22.695992v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Associations between amygdala connectivity and experienced discrimination in children 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.22.695992v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Discrimination is a chronic stressor linked to adverse health outcomes, particularly in racial and ethnic minorities. Understanding associations between early discrimination and the brain in childhood may help identify mechanisms through which discrimination impacts future health. Data from 4512 children (ages 9-11) and a subsample of Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC; N = 1567) from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study(R) was used to create linear mixed-effects models that evaluated associations between Perceived Discrimination (PD) and amygdala resting-state fMRI connectivity (AC) to the salience network (SN), default mode network (DMN), and thalamus. PD was measured using the youth self-reported PD Scale. Results indicated that greater PD significantly predicted greater AC to the right thalamus in our full sample. In secondary analyses, environmental and behavioral factors were evaluated as potential moderators for associations significant at least at a trend level in both our full sample and BIPOC subsample. In our BIPOC subsample, traumatic events experienced moderated the relationship between PD and AC to the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC; SN), such that greater traumatic experiences predicted stronger positive associations between PD and this connection. Results suggest PD impacts neural connections in early life, highlighting the need to consider the impact of discrimination on risk for psychopathology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Goode, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Potter, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasheed, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camacho, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Higashi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miranda-Dominguez, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hermosillo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juliano, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheaito, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.22.695992</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Associations between amygdala connectivity and experienced discrimination in children]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.22.696075v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Guiding treatment response by spatiotemporal control of α-particle deposition in solid tumors: the case for 'affinity cocktails' of antibody-radioconjugates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.22.696075v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Antibody-radioconjugates are leading the investigational targeted alpha-particle (-particle) therapies for the treatment of solid tumors that do not respond to approved therapies. Yet, there is still treatment failure in the clinic largely attributed to the heterogenous patterns of tumor irradiation by -particles. Although -particles are essentially impervious to resistance, attributed to the complex double-strand DNA breaks they cause while traversing cells, cells not being directly hit by -particles will likely not be killed. The diffusion-limited poor tumor penetration of high-affinity (strongly-binding) antibody-radioconjugates combined with -particles short-range in tissue (only 40-80m), let tumor regions far from vasculature inadequately irradiated, therefore, possibly escaping treatment.

METHODSTo improve penetration of delivered activity within tumors, we engineered separate actinium-225 antibody-radioconjugates of variable affinities ( affinity cocktails) targeting the same marker on cancer cells, that were chosen based on their preferential irradiation of complementary regions of the same tumors. The cocktails comprise: (a)  high-affinity antibody-radioconjugates (as the ones on clinical trials), which mostly deliver their cargo in tumor cells close to the vasculature, where the  low(er)-affinity antibody-radioconjugates fail to deliver effective doses, due to their fast clearance; and (b)  low(er)-affinity antibody-radioconjugates, that penetrate the deeper parts of tumors farther from the vasculature, where the  high-affinity antibodies fail to reach. The efficacy of affinity cocktails was assessed in spheroids, that were employed as surrogates of tumor avascular regions, and on mice with subcutaneous xenografts of different cancer origin, expression levels and/or type of the targeted receptor: HER2 highly-expressing BT-474 breast cancer cells, HER2 moderately-expressing HEPG2 hepatoma cells, and/or HER1 low-expressing BxPC-3 pancreatic cancer cells.

RESULTSAlthough the high-affinity antibody-radioconjugates were most lethal against cancer cells in monolayers, affinity cocktails were most effective in inhibiting spheroid growth, due to better collective spreading of the antibody-conjugates within the spheroids volume. On all mouse models, and for the same total injected activity, affinity cocktails resulted in the best tumor growth inhibition, even at lower tumor absorbed doses, compared to the high-affinity antibody-radioconjugates alone.

CONCLUSIONSThis proof-of-concept study in -particle antibody-delivery to solid tumors demonstrates that  separating the two key processes of diffusion and reaction/binding improves treatment efficacy. This generalizable approach may augment antibody-radioconjugates already in clinical trials.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nair, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarkar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hariharan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kavousanakis, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaudhari, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bastiaannet, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabrielson, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sofou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.22.696075</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Guiding treatment response by spatiotemporal control of α-particle deposition in solid tumors: the case for 'affinity cocktails' of antibody-radioconjugates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.24.696388v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Activation of the medial entorhinal cortex drives memory-guided navigation behavior 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.24.696388v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cognitive map in the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) is essential for spatial memory and exhibits experience-dependent changes. Yet, it remains unclear whether MEC activation is sufficient to drive memory-guided navigation, precluding a causal link between the MEC and spatial memory. To address this gap, we examined and optogenetically manipulated MEC activity as mice navigated a virtual track for a water reward based on memory. During learning, spatial activity in the pre-reward region showed the highest consistency along the track and closely paralleled improvements in reward-predictive behaviors. This elevated pre-reward consistency was widespread across MEC neurons, rather than confined to a particular cell type, indicating a network-level representation supporting reward prediction. Strikingly, optogenetic activation of MEC at non-reward locations biased reward-predictive behaviors toward stimulation sites, but only when stimulation patterns were spatially consistent. Consistent stimulation also induced anticipatory reward-seeking before stimulation onset and this behavior gradually developed with repeated stimulation, reflecting memory formation for stimulation locations. Moreover, in animals that failed to learn the track well, consistent pre-reward activation, alone or combined with landmark activation, significantly enhanced their reward prediction. Thus, spatially consistent MEC activation underlies memory-guided reward prediction, supporting a causal role for the MEC in spatial memory.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malone, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tien, N.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tyan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.24.696388</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Activation of the medial entorhinal cortex drives memory-guided navigation behavior]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.24.696404v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MLL3 and MLL4 sustain hematopoietic stem cell multipotency by opposing a B-cell default state 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.24.696404v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and multipotent progenitors (MPPs) are sustained by networks of transcription factors and epigenetic regulators that prime lineage-specific programs yet maintain multipotency. Two epigenetic regulators, MLL3 and MLL4, play important but opposing roles in maintaining this balance. MLL3 promotes HSC differentiation, whereas MLL4 opposes differentiation. These opposing functions are essential for both normal homeostasis and leukemia suppression, yet it is not clear how MLL3 and MLL4 regulate HSC and MPP gene expression to control HSC/MPP fate decisions. To resolve these mechanisms, we performed an extensive series of single cell genomic studies after conditionally deleting Mll3, Mll4 or both genes together. Mll3 deletion had only limited effects on HSC/MPP enhancer networks at steady state, whereas Mll4 deletion led to precocious activation of myeloid enhancers. Surprisingly, compound Mll3/4 deletion eliminated all myeloid, erythroid and megakaryocytic potential within the hematopoietic hierarchy and caused all progenitors to rapidly default to a B-cell-like identity. These changes were accompanied by widespread inactivation of HSC/MPP enhancers and superenhancers, and ectopic activation of B-cell superenhancers. Disabling MLL3/4 histone methyltransferase activity did not recapitulate the pervasive changes in cell identity that were observed when MLL3 and MLL4 were fully inactivated, indicating that MLL3 and MLL4 activate HSC/MPP enhancers independently from their enzymatic activities. Our findings show that HSC/MPP multipotency requires sustained tension between MLL3/4-dependent enhancers that maintain myeloid, erythroid and megakaryocyte potential, and MLL3/4-independent enhancers that prime B-cell identity. MLL3 and MLL4 therefore serve as critical linchpins of multilineage hematopoiesis.

KEY POINTSO_LIMLL3 and MLL4 act redundantly in HSCs to sustain transcription factor and enhancer networks that support multipotency
C_LIO_LISimultaneous loss of MLL3 and MLL4 drives hematopoietic progenitors into a uniform B-cell-like default state
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, H. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muthukumar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casey, E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Denby, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Challen, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bednarski, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magee, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.24.696404</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MLL3 and MLL4 sustain hematopoietic stem cell multipotency by opposing a B-cell default state]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.25.696514v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mast cell extracellular granules are bioactive condensates driven by heparin and polyamine 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.25.696514v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biomolecular condensates are membraneless bodies that organize biochemical reactions typically within cells. However, the roles of condensates in extracellular space--where conditions differ substantially from intracellular space--remain poorly understood. Here, we report mast cell extracellular granules (MCEGs), a stable membraneless entity, are condensates assembled via electrostatic interactions between glycosaminoglycans and polyamines. Disrupting polyamine synthesis or trafficking blocks MCEG formation and compromises the storage of proteases and cytokines. Granules reconstituted with heparin and spermine are sufficient to enrich mediators such as CPA3 and TNF, maintaining an elevated pH and higher concentrations of calcium and zinc compared to the extracellular milieu. This unique environment enhances CPA3 enzymatic activity. Furthermore, the granules increase TNF binding and its bioactivity toward endothelial cells. Together, we reveal MCEGs as functionally active biomolecular condensates with distinct biochemical and immunological properties; MCEGs are formed through sugar-metabolite interactions, expanding the mechanisms of condensate assembly beyond classical protein-protein and protein-RNA interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xiong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomares, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sato, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pant, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.25.696514</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mast cell extracellular granules are bioactive condensates driven by heparin and polyamine]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.26.696501v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell type diversification and phenotype convergence underlying white fin-ornamentation of cyprinid fishes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.26.696501v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neural crest derived cells offer valuable opportunities to dissect mechanisms of cell fate specification and differentiation within individual ontogenies and the underpinnings of cell type diversification over evolutionary time. Particularly useful for such analyses are pigment cells of ectothermic vertebrates that arise from neural crest cells, or via latent neural crest derived stem cells, and comprise several classes with cell-type specific pigmentary phenotypes. Among these are white cells, "leucophores," present in a variety of species that contribute to patterns on the body or ornamentation on the fins. To better understand developmental and evolutionary origins of these cells we have examined leucophores harboring deposits of yellow/orange carotenoids, "xantholeucophores," of zebrafish and leucophores of white cloud minnow, within the same family Cyprinidae. We show that white phenotypes of both cell types require sepiapterin reductase that promotes accumulation of pale and colorless pteridines. We further demonstrate that xantholeucophores develop directly from yellow sepiapterin rich xanthophore-like cells and that this transition requires both gap junctional activity and permeability of the aquaglyceroporin / peroxiporin channel Aquaporin 3. These findings identify these white cells as distinct developmentally, genetically, and biochemically from another type of white cell in zebrafish and other white cells present across phylogenetic lineages. Our results highlight remarkable convergences and parallelisms in the acquisition of white cell phenotypes within and between species and identify this as a rich system for enquiries into the evolutionary individuation of novel cell types.

SignificanceUnderstanding how cell types arise is fundamental to explaining animal complexity. Pigment cells offer opportunities to address this question because they display striking variation. We show that white pigment cells comprise multiple classes with independent origins. In zebrafish, white cells on one fin develop from melanophores whereas white cells on another fin develop from yellow precursors that convert their pigments to colorless ones. White cells of a related minnow require the same colorless pigments yet differ in other ways. These findings illuminate remarkable convergence: white cells have arisen repeatedly from different progenitor cell lineages by different mechanisms. This diversity--even within and between closely related species--identifies a powerful model for understanding the evolution of cell types with distinct identities and functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carr, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Mello, P. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shriver, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chauvigne, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cerda, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patti, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parichy, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.26.696501</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell type diversification and phenotype convergence underlying white fin-ornamentation of cyprinid fishes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.27.696675v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dose-dependent NFI regulation of progenitor lifespan and output underlying human neocortical malformation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.27.696675v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nuclear Factor I (NFI) misexpressions in humans are associated with severe brain malformations, yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we show that NFIs regulate the broad lineage progression and lifespan of radial glial progenitors (RGPs), and consequently neocortical development in a dose-dependent manner. Human cerebral organoids carrying patient-mimicking NFI mutations exhibit expression level-dependent bidirectional impairments in RGP temporal development, coinciding with patient phenotypes. In mouse models, selective removal of NFIs leads to a dramatic protraction of RGP lineage progression and lifespan, excessive progeny output, and neocortical overgrowth and abnormal folding, whereas overexpression of NFIs accelerates RGP lineage progression, resulting in developmental stage-dependent precocious productions of diverse neural progenies. Moreover, NFIs exhibit a positive auto-regulation and progressive increase in expression, and regulate distinct temporal-specific targets underlying RGP lineage progression. These results suggest that NFIs act as evolutionarily conserved key global temporal regulators of RGP lineage progression and neocortical development.

HIGHLIGHTSO_LINFIs affect human RGP temporal development coinciding with patient phenotypes.
C_LIO_LINFI removal protracts RGP lineage progression and lifespan with excessive progeny output.
C_LIO_LINFI overexpression accelerates RGP lineage progression with precocious progeny output.
C_LIO_LINFIs regulate distinct temporal-specific targets underlying RGP lineage progression.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albizzati, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnamurthy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lv, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gronostajski, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richards, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joyner, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tchieu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.27.696675</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dose-dependent NFI regulation of progenitor lifespan and output underlying human neocortical malformation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.28.696787v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Astrocytic Cholesterol Fine-Tunes the Balance of Different Modes of Synaptic Exo- and Endocytosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.28.696787v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cholesterol is essential for organization of neurotransmitter release machinery, yet how it regulates the balance among different forms of synaptic exo- and endocytosis remains poorly understood. Moreover, which pre-synaptic processes rely on neuronal vs astrocyte-derived cholesterol is unknown. Using nanoscale-precision imaging of single-vesicle release in hippocampal synapses we demonstrate that astrocytic cholesterol is a critical determinant of both temporal and spatial aspects of presynaptic dynamics by differentially modulating the two main forms of synchronous release, uni-vesicular (UVR) and multi-vesicular (MVR), effectively fine-tuning their balance. Disruption of astrocytic cholesterol trafficking to neurons combined with its re-supplementation demonstrated that astrocyte-derived cholesterol is necessary and sufficient to determine the UVR/MVR balance. Moreover, astrocytic cholesterol determines the spatial distribution of vesicle release by modulating utilization of different release sites across the active zone. Astrocytic cholesterol also regulates the balance of the two main forms of single-vesicle endocytosis, fast and ultra-fast. These findings suggest that astrocytic cholesterol supply is a critical modulator of synaptic strength that fine-tunes the balance of different forms of synaptic vesicle exo- and endocytosis.

HighlightsO_LIAstrocytic cholesterol determines the balance of uni- and multi-vesicular release
C_LIO_LICholesterol levels modulate spatial organization of vesicle release
C_LIO_LIAstrocytic cholesterol controls the balance of fast and ultra-fast endocytosis
C_LIO_LIAstrocytic cholesterol is necessary and sufficient for exo- and endocytosis balance
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Myeong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klyachko, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.28.696787</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Astrocytic Cholesterol Fine-Tunes the Balance of Different Modes of Synaptic Exo- and Endocytosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.30.697051v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-modal choroid plexus pathology in aging and Alzheimer's disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.30.697051v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Brain barriers, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics, and peripheral factors are implicated as significant contributors to Alzheimers disease (AD). The choroid plexus (ChP) is a blood-brain interface that produces CSF and forms the blood-CSF barrier. However, how ChP pathology develops across the lifespan and contributes to AD has not been systematically characterized. Here, we report a multi-modal ChP atlas integrating single-nucleus transcriptomics from 49 individuals, AI-assisted quantitative histopathology across >500 postmortem samples age 16 to 105, spatial transcriptomics, and functional studies in 5xFAD mice. We identify fibrosis, calcification, and macrophage abnormalities as hallmarks of ChP aging, with AD pathology conferring additional effects, including expansion of a pro-inflammatory fibroblast-macrophage signaling niche. In 5xFAD mice, macrophage dysfunction is associated with impaired epithelial barrier maintenance and repair. Together, these data provide a foundational resource for understanding ChP dysfunction in aging and AD and propose the macrophage-fibroblast-epithelial barrier axis as a driver of ChP pathology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lotfy, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Englert, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oberhauser, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Byer, L. I. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wihlman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colangelo, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okar, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thommana, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puttonen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mäyränpää, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuimala, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pedrosa, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haberberger, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atkins, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alimukhamedov, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pragana, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabrielle, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DurantLaforet, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, P. B.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keene, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Latimer, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prater, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holtzman, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isakova, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wyss-Coray, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schafer, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reich, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lehtimäki, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karhunen, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kok, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jansson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myllykangas, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ordovas-Montanes, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lehtinen, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.30.697051</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-modal choroid plexus pathology in aging and Alzheimer's disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.30.697107v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Protective IFIH1 variant reduces immune-mediated islet stress and dysfunction in a type 1 diabetes genetic background 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.30.697107v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have linked dozens of genetic loci to type 1 diabetes (T1D). The IFIH1 gene, which encodes the double-stranded RNA sensor MDA5, is one such locus. The E627* single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in IFIH1 is associated with protection against T1D, while the A946T variant is linked to increased risk. While the E627* variant has been shown to result in a truncated protein and dampen type I interferon (IFN) signaling, its specific role in human pancreatic islet health and function remains unclear. We hypothesized that MDA5627* would protect islet cells from stress-induced dysfunction, identity loss, and cell death. Using CRISPR-Cas9 technology, we introduced the E627* and A946T variants into human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) derived from a T1D patient. We differentiated these hPSCs into stem cell-derived islets (SC-islets) and treated them with IFN, poly(I:C), and coxsackievirus B3, an enterovirus implicated in T1D pathogenesis. Using single-cell RNA sequencing and an array of functional assays, we investigated the variant impact on both whole SC-islets and their individual cell populations. Our analysis revealed that SC-islets, and their {beta}, , and {delta} cell subpopulations, harboring the MDA5627* variant exhibit an attenuated immune response to the various stressors compared to MDA5946T cells. We also report unique, cell-type-specific transcriptional responses that vary across variants. Notably, MDA5627* SC-islets showed reduced apoptosis rates and viral genome expression, as well as attenuated negative effects on mitochondrial function and insulin secretion in response to stress. Overall, our findings demonstrate that a clinically relevant MDA5 variant confers protection by dampening stress-mediated transcriptional responses, reducing cell dysfunction, and preventing apoptosis. These insights provide a mechanistic framework for understanding T1D pathogenesis and offer new avenues for developing preventative therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Veronese-Paniagua, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banks, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bradley, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukherjee, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gale, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hinshaw, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meacham, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iwaloye, O. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tse, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathews, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Millman, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.30.697107</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Protective IFIH1 variant reduces immune-mediated islet stress and dysfunction in a type 1 diabetes genetic background]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.31.697141v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mucosally sourced complement factor B modulates the host response to colitis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.31.697141v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Distinct host factors maintain intestinal homeostasis but are incompletely understood. The complement system is primarily liver-derived and serum-operative. However, there is growing recognition for complement-mediated host defense at mucosal surfaces. The alternative pathway, which is constitutively active at low levels and amplifies complement activation independent of antibodies, requires Complement Factor B (CFB). Despite its evolutionary conservation, the spatial, cellular, and functional roles of CFB in the intestine are poorly understood. Here, we show that CFB is produced in the human colon and is increased in patients with active inflammatory bowel disease. To isolate the role of local CFB in mucosal responses, we interrogated a mouse strain that has no circulating, liver-derived CFB but retains intact CFB expression in the gut. Global CFB-deficient mice succumb to colitis compared to these liver-specific knockout mice, suggesting that locally synthesized CFB mitigates colitis. Single-cell analyses identify enterocytes and fibroblasts as key CFB producers in the gut. Compartment-specific deletion of CFB from epithelial or stromal cells abrogates mucosal protection independent of circulating levels, which corroborates with pharmacological CFB inhibition. These findings redefine complement in the intestine as a locally regulated mucosal defense system and establish gut-derived CFB as a critical determinant of intestinal homeostasis.

BRIEF SUMMARYThe role of local immune mediators in gut mucosal immune responses is still not entirely understood. In this study, we demonstrate a novel role for complement protein Factor B, a key component of the alternative pathway, which is locally sourced through epithelial and stromal cells. In vivo modeling of impaired local Factor B synthesis results in worse colitis, revealing a key role for mucosal sourced components of the alternative pathway.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thapa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nallapu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muogboh, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nedunchezian, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Talati, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez, J. M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seet, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koon, H. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ciorba, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michelsen, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kulkarni, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kulkarni, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.31.697141</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mucosally sourced complement factor B modulates the host response to colitis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.02.697375v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Aging, matrix metalloproteinase imaging, and survival prospects in aortic aneurysm 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.02.697375v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Age is a risk factor for aortic aneurysm (AA), and different segments of the aorta exhibit varying susceptibilities to aneurysm. The specific factors that contribute to the higher incidence of AA and its complications with aging remain unclear. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are elevated in AA. However, the connection between aging, aortic MMP activity, and the increased prevalence of AA and its complications has not been systematically evaluated. This study leveraged MMP-targeted molecular imaging to investigate how aging affects aortic MMP expression and activity, as well as aneurysm development and survival.

MethodsAA development and animal survival were monitored for 28 days after Angiotensin (Ang)-II infusion in 8-10-week-old (young) and >51-week-old (old) Apoe-/- mice. Aortic MMP activation was quantified by PET/CT using an MMP-targeted tracer, 64Cu-RYM2, at baseline and 1 week after Ang II infusion. MMP activity and expression were quantified by tissue zymography and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and compared between different segments of the aorta in young and old animals, and before and after Ang II infusion.

ResultsOld animals survival to 28 days was significantly lower than that of young Ang-II-infused Apoe-/- mice (P < 0.05). 64Cu-RYM2 PET/CT showed significantly higher aortic MMP activation before and 1 week after Ang-II infusion in old compared to young Apoe-/-mice. The 64Cu-RYM2 signal was significantly higher in animals that did not survive 28 days than those that did (P < 0.01). MMP activity significantly increased by 4 days after Ang-II infusion, when dissection was found in a subset of Apoe-/- mice; and was significantly higher in the dissected, compared to adjacent, apparently normal, segments of the aorta. MMP activity was also significantly higher in the ascending thoracic aorta of untreated young and old mice, as well as of Ang-II-treated Apoe-/-mice (which was associated with significantly higher Mmp2 gene expression), and of old wild-type mice.

ConclusionAging is associated with increased MMP activity along the aorta and worse AA survival. MMP-targeted molecular imaging can inform the aneurysm survival prospects. Selective MMP inhibitors and tracers may help prevent and track aneurysm growth, dissection, and rupture.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ghim, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varli, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmad, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neishabouri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kukreja, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zarnegar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gangemi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toczek, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gropler, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadeghi, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.02.697375</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Aging, matrix metalloproteinase imaging, and survival prospects in aortic aneurysm]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.03.697470v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
KDM7B-mediated demethylation of RNF113A regulates small cell lung cancer sensitivity to alkylation damage 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.03.697470v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chemoresistance remains a major obstacle to effective cancer treatment, often driven by enhanced DNA repair mechanisms that enable tumor cells to withstand genotoxic therapies. One such pathway involves the atypical DNA damage repair complex ALKBH3-ASCC, activated by the E3 ligase RNF113A in response to alkylation damage. We previously showed that SMYD3-dependent methylation of RNF113A stimulates this pathway, enhancing DNA repair and promoting resistance.

Here, we identify KDM7B/PHF8 as the bona fide RNF113A demethylase, establishing one of the first functional examples of a dynamic, reversible non-histone methylation event regulating genome integrity. KDM7B antagonizes SMYD3 activity by maintaining low levels of methylated RNF113A, thereby limiting ASCC activation and sensitizing cancer cells to alkylating agents. To dissect this regulation in depth, we focused on small cell lung cancer (SCLC), a particularly aggressive malignancy characterized by limited therapeutic options and rapid acquisition of resistance. In SCLC, high KDM7B levels correlate with improved patient prognosis, whereas xenografts with reduced expression exhibit diminished responses to alkylating treatment. Moreover, CRISPR-based on/off modulation of KDM7B in genetically engineered SCLC mouse models demonstrates its central role in determining tumor response to chemotherapy.

Our findings position the RNF113A-ASCC axis as a central modulator of chemoresistance, regulated through a post-translational methylation switch representing an innovative therapeutic vulnerability that could be exploited to enhance the efficacy of alkylating agents. Targeting this pathway may provide new opportunities to overcome chemoresistance, with KDM7B levels serving as a predictive biomarker to guide treatment in SCLC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ahmad, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foucher, A.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsao, n.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flores, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belmudes, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dubiez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhowmik, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vayr, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hausmann, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuffart, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanchet, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chasan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boussouar, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coute, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mosammaparast, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lan, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kadlec, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazur, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reynoird, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.03.697470</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[KDM7B-mediated demethylation of RNF113A regulates small cell lung cancer sensitivity to alkylation damage]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.05.697608v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gliomas preferentially develop within the action-mode network 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.05.697608v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gliomas tend to arise in specific brain regions and may integrate into functional circuits, suggesting they could be regulated by brain activity. However, it remains unclear whether glioma growth is related to system-level brain networks. Analyzing neuroimaging data from three datasets including 1,310 patients with cerebral gliomas, we identified and replicated a functionally connected glioma network, which overlaps with the action-mode network (AMN), somatomotor network (SMN), and action-related subcortical regions. Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) of the AMN successfully predicted the location of glioma occurrence in two independent datasets with complex tumor distributions. Remarkably, no patient had a glioma entirely outside the AMN, and over 89% of patients exhibited gliomas with at least 50% overlap with the network. Moreover, the spatial overlap between glioma location and the AMN demonstrated significant prognostic value in survival analyses, with higher AMN-tumor overlap associated with poorer overall survival. Notably, the acetylcholine transporter, a key player in glioma pathogenesis that drives transcriptional reprogramming, showed an expression pattern overlapping with the AMN. Meta-analytic annotations further linked the glioma network to processes of action initiation, execution, and feedback. These findings indicate that gliomas preferentially arise in circuits involved in action and highlight the central role of the AMN in glioma pathophysiology and growth.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cui, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoecklein, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoecklein, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dosenbach, N. U. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.05.697608</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gliomas preferentially develop within the action-mode network]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.05.697744v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Biochemical Functions of the Membrane-Binding Domain of CARMIL 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.05.697744v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Actin assembly at membranes is often associated with proteins with domains that bind and regulate heterodimeric actin capping protein (CP). CP-binding domains can target CP to the membrane and activate CP by promoting dissociation of its stoichiometric inhibitor V-1. The capping protein binding region (CBR) of CARMIL includes a CPI motif and a CSI motif, followed by a membrane binding (MB) domain. The MB domain is necessary for the function of CARMIL in cells, and it is sufficient for targeting GFP to the plasma membrane of cells. Here, we investigated the mechanism and significance of the relationship of the MB domain to CP activity, including capping of actin filament barbed ends and promotion of Arp2/3-nucleated actin assembly. We found that the MB domain is able to bind to lipid-coated beads, bringing the CPI and CSI motifs to the bead, and thus activating CP to promote Arp2/3-based actin assembly. In addition, we discovered that the MB domain can dissociate from the lipid membrane once CP binds; this observation may help account for the long-standing quandary as to how activated CP is released from the membrane and how CP functions to activate Arp2/3-mediated actin assembly near the membrane. We also report that the MB domain released from the membrane enhances the ability of the CPI and CSI domains to activate CP. Thus, the CARMIL MB domain has multiple biochemical functions regulating actin assembly at a membrane. First, it can target CARMIL, CP, and barbed ends to the plasma membrane. Second, the MB domain can leave the membrane, and this promotes the uncapping of capped barbed ends and activates soluble CP, with greater ability than seen with the membrane-attached state.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mooren, O. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McConnell, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeBrecht, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.05.697744</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Biochemical Functions of the Membrane-Binding Domain of CARMIL]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.06.697933v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Detailed single-cell mapping of the transcriptional response to a virus infection driven by copy-back viral genomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.06.697933v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The antiviral response to several clinically significant viruses, including respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus, is driven by copy-back viral genomes (cbVGs) generated during virus replication. However, the broader impact of cbVGs on the functional states of host cells remains undefined. Here, we developed a single-cell RNA-sequencing and computational framework to map cbVG-driven host responses during Sendai virus infection. Unsupervised profiling identified distinct transcriptional states throughout the course of infection, highlighting a shift from early antiviral signaling to later inflammatory and remodeling programs. Stratifying infected cells by cbVG status demonstrated that cbVG-positive cells initiate interferon and chemokine programs, which later spread to cbVG-negative cells. At later stages, cbVG-positive cells acquire additional signaling, cytoskeletal, transcriptional, and stress-adaptation programs, which are absent in cbVG-clean infection. This work defines the broader cbVG-driven layered and dynamic host response and provides a valuable high-resolution resource of the temporal cellular response to a virus infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Achouri, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tambo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.06.697933</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Detailed single-cell mapping of the transcriptional response to a virus infection driven by copy-back viral genomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.06.697942v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evidence of autonomous neural specification for both brain and ventral nerve cord tissue in Annelida 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.06.697942v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Evolution of nervous systems is a long debated topic, and similar mechanisms of conditional neural specification linked to dorsal-ventral (D-V) axis formation across some taxa have been used to support homology. We tested for autonomous versus conditional neural specification in two distantly related annelids, Capitella teleta and Platynereis dumerilii, using blastomere isolations. Our results support previous work in C. teleta and further demonstrate that the autonomous specification of anterior neural tissue and for the first time in trunk neural tissue for both annelids. In C. teleta, we found evidence for conditional pro-neural and anti-neural signals for the VNC. Animal caps lacking vegetal macromeres at the 16-cell stage form a brain and a D-V axis but not a VNC while the addition of any single macromere rescues VNC fate. This suggests that animal micromeres other than 2d produce an anti-neural signal while a pro-neural signal is produced vegetally and that VNC specification is decoupled from D-V axis formation. Taken together, our study suggests possible conservation of autonomous specification of the brain and VNC within Annelida, raising interesting questions of how mechanisms controlling neural specification evolved in Spiralia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Webster, N. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davila-Sandoval, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrillo-Baltodano, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duda, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozpolat, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.06.697942</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evidence of autonomous neural specification for both brain and ventral nerve cord tissue in Annelida]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.06.697969v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Optimizing Post-Transplantation Detection of Subcutaneously Transplanted Islets Using Dithizone Staining 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.06.697969v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionPancreatic islet transplantation is a promising therapeutic strategy to restore insulin independence in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. In addition to primary human islets, human pluripotent stem cell-derived islets have shown clinical promise. However, optimizing transplantation sites and improving methods for standardized islet dosing and post-transplant graft localization are key limitations. The subcutaneous space offers an alternative site for transplantation due to its accessibility and minimally invasive nature; nevertheless, poor vascularization and difficulty locating engrafted islets limit its experimental utility. The use of dithizone, a zinc-chelating dye that selectively binds the high intracellular zinc concentrations of insulin-producing {beta}-cells, may enable rapid graft localization through selective staining. Here, we investigate whether dithizone staining can reliably localize transplanted islet grafts within the subcutaneous space of murine models.

MethodsSC-islets were generated from HUES8 stem cells and functionally validated using glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Islet volume was standardized prior to transplantation using automated islet equivalent quantification with the BioRep Islet Cell Counter. Approximately 4,000 islet equivalents of either SC-islets or primary human islets were transplanted into the subcutaneous space of immunodeficient mice. Graft function was assessed longitudinally via blood glucose monitoring, glucose tolerance testing, and human C-peptide measurements. Four weeks post-transplantation, dithizone staining was applied to harvested skin tissue to localize islet grafts, and immunohistochemical validation was performed.

ResultsAutomated quantification of islet equivalents enabled consistent dosing across transplantation groups. Transplanted islets maintained function in vivo, as demonstrated by reduced blood glucose levels, preserved glucose tolerance, and detectable human C-peptide. Dithizone staining produced clear and selective red labeling of insulin-producing {beta}-cell grafts within the subcutaneous tissue, enabling reliable localization and recovery of engrafted islets. Immunohistochemical analyses confirmed the presence of insulin-expressing cells at isolated islet grafts.

DiscussionDithizone staining is a rapid, cost-effective approach to identify subcutaneous islet grafts and enables downstream analyses, addressing a significant limitation in islet transplantation research. When combined with standardized pre-transplant islet quantification, this approach provides a cohesive and reproducible framework for evaluating subcutaneous islet transplantation. Future studies could complement these results by assessing the potential effects of dithizone exposure and exploring its applicability across other transplantation sites and imaging modalities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ishahak, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maestas, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Millman, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.06.697969</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Optimizing Post-Transplantation Detection of Subcutaneously Transplanted Islets Using Dithizone Staining]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.07.698190v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Latent Regulatory Programs Generate Synthetic T Cell States with Enhanced Therapeutic Potential 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.07.698190v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcription factors (TFs) govern cell fate through coordinated gene-regulatory networks, yet the full potential of these networks to generate non-native, therapeutically advantageous cell states in vivo remains largely unexplored. We hypothesized that systematic gain-of-function (GOF) overexpression of TFs in CD8 T cells, central mediators of immune protection, could reveal latent, or "hidden," regulatory programs capable of generating synthetic T cell states with therapeutic utility. To test this, we developed single-cell GOF sequencing (scGOF-seq), a multiplexed platform for unbiased, in vivo mapping of GOF effects on T cell fate in immunocompetent mouse models of infection and cancer. scGOF-seq uncovered unexpected regulators of T cell differentiation and accumulation, including SOX2, OCT4, and GATA2, which are normally silenced during T cell differentiation. Notably, outside its native regulatory context, supraphysiologic cMyc GOF reprogrammed CD8 T cells into a synthetic stem-effector hybrid state, enabling >5,000-fold antigen-dependent expansion and antitumor activity, contrasting sharply with its native function in driving terminal differentiation. scGOF-seq further identified TF modules that cooperate with cMyc GOF to promote robust CD8 T cell responses in solid tumors. Together, these findings establish GOF perturbation as a powerful strategy for revealing latent immune regulatory programs and engineering synthetic immune states with therapeutic potential.

One-Sentence SummaryIn vivo single-cell gain-of-function screening reveals latent transcriptional programs that can reprogram T cells into highly functional synthetic states.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pratt, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mullins, G. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, W. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Modliszewski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Rooyen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhabotynsky, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jambor, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cannon, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alicea Paunto, C. d. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merritt, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egawa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Somasundaram, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thaxton, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dotti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, H. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milner, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.07.698190</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Latent Regulatory Programs Generate Synthetic T Cell States with Enhanced Therapeutic Potential]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.07.698265v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular Imaging of the TGF-β Activating Integrin αvβ6 Detects Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.07.698265v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
TGF-{beta}-activating integrins promote solid-organ fibrosis, suggesting their use as a molecular marker of disease. Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD), a progressive fibrotic complication that limits lung transplant survival, is driven by intragraft TGF-{beta} activation. However, the expression patterns of TGF-{beta}-activating integrins remain undefined in lung transplants. Single-cell RNA sequencing in a mouse CLAD model revealed high levels of the TGF-{beta}-activating integrin v{beta}6, which was mainly localized to fibrosis-associated Krt8+ transitional alveolar cells (AT1/2), while tolerant transplants lacked both v{beta}6 expression and Krt8+AT1/2 cells. Molecular imaging with a newly developed positron emission tomography radiotracer specific for v{beta}6, [64Cu]Cu-DOTA-A20-K16R, showed significantly higher uptake in CLAD versus tolerant transplants. In contrast, [64Cu]Cu-DOTA-A20-K16R allograft uptake was reduced by treatments that lowered v{beta}6 expression and CLAD severity. Finally, [64Cu]Cu-DOTA-A20-K16R autoradiographic analysis on human explanted lungs with CLAD showed elevated activity that correlated with v{beta}6 expression. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the potential utility of v{beta}6 molecular imaging to detect CLAD pathogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cano, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bathula, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wieczorek Villas Boas, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ebenezer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cannady, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Byers, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krupnick, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kreisel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gelman, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.07.698265</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular Imaging of the TGF-β Activating Integrin αvβ6 Detects Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.11.698865v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-throughput mapping of 6,888 RAD51D variants identifies distinct biochemical functions needed for homologous recombination and olaparib response 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.11.698865v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The tumor suppressor RAD51D is essential for homologous recombination (HR). Pathogenic variants in RAD51D are associated with breast and ovarian cancers. However, most clinical missense variants are of unknown significance. We performed a multiplex assay of variant effect to test 6,888 RAD51D coding variants for loss-of-function. The resulting variant-to-function map perfectly separates known pathogenic and benign variants and is validated by orthogonal HR and biochemical assays across 70 clinical variants. Our screen shows that variants in the DNA-binding or ATPase core most severely compromise HR, and we identify the RAD51D-RAD51C interface within the BCDX2 complex as essential for regulating its ATPase activity. We hypothesize that, paradoxically, the primary function of RAD51D is to slow the ATPase activity of BCDX2, thereby allowing sufficient time and space for RAD51 filament assembly. Together, we identify hotspots of deleterious RAD51D variants and uncover the mechanisms by which variants compromise its biochemical functions.

HighlightsO_LIUsed a multiplexed assay of functional effect (MAVE) to assess the functionality via olaparib sensitivity of 6,888 RAD51D coding variants, which can be used for variant classification
C_LIO_LIProvided cellular functional analysis for 70 clinically-identified breast and ovarian cancer RAD51D variants
C_LIO_LIIdentified key regions and enzymatic activities of RAD51D critical for its function in the BCDX2 and the X3CDX2 complexes
C_LIO_LIDetermined mechanism of RAD51D-mediated regulation of BCDX2 ATPase activity
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Darrah, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hemker, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rawal, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goff, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parker, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ganesan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stratton, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oppenheimer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glick, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banks, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casadei, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snyder, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nathanson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Domchek, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Starita, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olsen, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sung, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kitzman, J. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernstein, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.11.698865</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-throughput mapping of 6,888 RAD51D variants identifies distinct biochemical functions needed for homologous recombination and olaparib response]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.11.698887v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolutionary conservation and innovations of RNA polymerase II transcription elongation factors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.11.698887v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In eukaryotes, transcription elongation factors (TEFs) associate with RNA Polymerase II (RNAPII) to facilitate gene expression and couple transcription to co-transcriptional processes, including chromatin regulation and RNA processing. To further our understanding of TEF biology, we developed a domain-centric analysis pipeline to perform a broad survey of ten TEF orthologs -- Paf1, Ctr9, Cdc73, Rtf1, Leo1, Spt4, Spt5, Spt6, Spn1, and Elf1 -- across the Tree of Life and analyze their evolutionary patterns in a structural context. We report evidence for all ten TEFs being present in the last eukaryotic common ancestor, indicating that mechanisms of TEF-mediated transcription regulation are both ancient and conserved. However, some early-diverging eukaryotic clades exhibit signs of altered TEF domain composition. A comparative phylogenetic analysis highlighted conserved regions of TEFs that are detected in both metazoans and fungi and other regions that appear clade-specific, detected only in metazoans. These observations, together with additional insights generated from evolutionary rate covariation analysis, shed light on under-characterized aspects of TEFs, including domains for which functions have yet to be dissected.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Francette, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grover, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arndt, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.11.698887</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolutionary conservation and innovations of RNA polymerase II transcription elongation factors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.11.698919v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional organization underlying superior performance in a memory champion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.11.698919v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Memory athletes can achieve superior performance (e.g., memorizing 339 digits in 5 minutes) with extensive daily training, by converting abstract information into vivid scenes, and placing them along a mental path, that is later retraced (Method of Loci). Understanding the brain mechanisms underlying such training-derived mastery would increase our understanding of the brains memory systems and could suggest novel approaches to improving cognition in other domains. As memory athletes use personalized training techniques, it has been challenging to study them with standard group paradigms. Fortunately, precision functional mapping (PFM) enables detailed investigation of individual brains through repeated sampling of resting-state functional connectivity and task fMRI. Here, we precisely mapped the brain organization of a 6-time U.S. Memory Champion (>13 hours fMRI). Relative to controls, the Memory Champions network functional connectivity (FC) was strengthened with the retrosplenial, extrastriate visual, and dorsal frontal cortex (area 55b), as well as with the caudate nucleus. The Memory Champion had modules related to scene and semantic processing not seen in controls, alongside stronger connectivity between the caudate and classical memory networks. During rote memorization, the Champions task fMRI patterns were typical, with the hippocampus active during encoding. This pattern was reversed when he used his Method of Loci technique, with greater hippocampal activity during recall than encoding. Hence, intense practice at converting abstract information into more memorable formats can develop a procedural memory skill that utilizes brain regions typically reserved for navigation, language, social cognition, and associative learning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chauvin, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metoki, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krimmel, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nielsen, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, P. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baden, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bower, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheidter, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monk, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whiting, F. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adeyemo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kay, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roediger, H. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDermott, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilmore, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barch, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laumann, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dosenbach, N. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.11.698919</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional organization underlying superior performance in a memory champion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.15.699612v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Simultaneous Real-time Imaging of Neurofluid and Neurovascular Dynamics Using Ultrafast Flow-weighted Echo-Planar Imaging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.15.699612v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation is tightly coupled to cerebral blood flow under the fixed-volume constraint of the cranial vault, with cardiac pulsations and respiration acting as dominant physiological drivers. Disruption of these flow dynamics has been implicated in various neurological disorders, motivating the need for imaging methods that capture CSF and vascular flow simultaneously and in real time. Conventional phase contrast MRI (PC-MRI) provides quantitative CSF velocity measurements but relies on cardiac gating and velocity encoding, which limit temporal resolution, dynamic range, and sensitivity to non-cardiac fluctuations. Here, we introduce self-gated ultrafast real-time flow-weighted echo-planar imaging (SURF-EPI), an inflow-weighted approach in which signal intensity reflects the replacement of saturated spins by freshly inflowing, unsaturated water molecules, yielding higher signal with higher flow. This allows simultaneous assessment of arterial inflow, venous outflow, and CSF motion at high temporal resolution. SURF-EPI was acquired at the C2-C3 spinal level, enabling real-time imaging of CSF flow dynamics in the cervical spinal canal alongside arterial and venous blood flow in major cervical vessels (frame-rate: 21.7 Hz). In addition to frequency-domain analyses, we leveraged intrinsic arterial signal fluctuations as a timing reference to reconstruct cardiac-resolved CSF dynamics for individual cardiac cycles without external physiological recordings. Frequency-domain analysis revealed distinct spectral signatures in CSF flow compared with neurovascular flow, including broadened cardiac peaks and enhanced respiratory modulation, particularly within the ventral spinal canal. In contrast, dorsal CSF showed increased power within the cardiac frequency band, higher coherence with cervical vasculature at the cardiac frequency, and reduced non-cardiac contributions. Time-domain analysis showed strong correlation between CSF flow waveforms derived from SURF-EPI and PC-MRI. Beyond ensemble-averaged waveforms, SURF-EPI enabled beat-to-beat analysis, revealing substantial cycle-to-cycle variability in CSF flow that is not captured by time-averaged gated approaches. Together, these findings establish SURF-EPI as a rapid, complementary framework to PC-MRI, enabling real-time neurofluid imaging with integrated time- and frequency-domain characterization of CSF and neurovascular flow dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shaker, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arani, A. H. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sotiras, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eldeniz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shimony, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Limbrick, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strahle, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nazeri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.15.699612</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Simultaneous Real-time Imaging of Neurofluid and Neurovascular Dynamics Using Ultrafast Flow-weighted Echo-Planar Imaging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.16.699733v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
dgiLIT: A Method for Prioritization and AI Curation of Drug-Gene Interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.16.699733v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IMPORTANCEThe Drug-Gene Interaction Database (DGIdb) has a long history of driving hypothesis generation for biomedical research through the careful curation of drug-gene interaction data from primary and secondary sources with supporting literature. Recent advances in large-language model (LLM) and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have enabled new paradigms for knowledge extraction and biocuration. The accelerating growth of biomedical literature presents a significant challenge for maintaining up-to-date interaction data. With more than 38 million citations indexed in PubMed alone, new strategies must evolve to identify and incorporate new interaction data into DGIdb.

OBJECTIVEIdentify new cost-effective AI curation strategies for incorporating new drug-gene interactions into DGIdb.

METHODSWe present a methodology that leverages deterministic natural language processing techniques, existing harmonization frameworks, and AI-assisted curation to systematically narrow the literature space and identify new drug-gene interactions from published studies for inclusion in DGIdb.

RESULTSWe demonstrate the use of lemmatization to prioritize a set of 100 abstracts containing high amounts of interaction words for downstream AI curation. From our set of abstracts, we were then able to identify 137 drug-gene interactions via an AI curation task, with 121 (88.3%) of these interactions being completely novel to DGIdb. A human expert evaluator reviewed this interaction set and was able to validate 134 of 137 (97.8%) interactions as being valid based on the text provided.

CONCLUSIONTaken together, our results highlight a promising, cost-effective method of ingesting new interactions into DGIdb.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cannon, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bratulin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevenson, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perry, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coffman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiwala, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schimmelpfennig, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costello, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMichael, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffith, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffith, O. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.16.699733</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[dgiLIT: A Method for Prioritization and AI Curation of Drug-Gene Interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.15.697975v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Macrophage immunosenescence prolongs intraocular inflammation in aged mice via impaired induction of regulatory T cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.15.697975v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Immune-mediated intraocular inflammation, called uveitis, is a leading cause of global blindness, with the highest burden of visual impairment falling on older individuals. Immunosenescence, the functional changes in immune cells with aging, impacts the age-associated immune response, but how immunosenescence and the molecular regulators of the age-associated immune response affect the clinical course of uveitis remains unclear. In the murine model of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), aged mice demonstrated a delayed onset and peak of intraocular inflammation compared to young mice. In contrast to the canonical monophasic inflammation that rapidly resolves in young mice, aged mice developed persistent, chronic inflammation. Transcriptomic and flow-cytometric analyses of immune cells and the receptor-ligand interactome revealed a dominant macrophage-CD4+ T cell signature. This signaling pathway was functionally altered on both ends: macrophages from aged mice had an impaired capacity to generate peripherally induced regulatory T cells (pTreg) through an IL-6 regulated pathway, while CD4+ T cells co-cultured with aged macrophages demonstrated increased proliferation. Our study establishes aging as a key regulator of the effector immune response in uveitis. Regulatory T cells, specifically pTreg, are essential for resolving inflammation in uveitis and an impaired ability to induce pTreg led to a sustained, chronic inflammatory uveitis phenotype in old mice, thereby linking immunosenescence to persistent neuroinflammation. These findings highlight potential therapeutic avenues for vision-threatening uveitis, especially in older patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yamamoto, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hase, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamaguchi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Misawa, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kato, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Terao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sohn, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoshida, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfeifer, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colasanti, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santeford, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walsh, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Apte, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.15.697975</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Macrophage immunosenescence prolongs intraocular inflammation in aged mice via impaired induction of regulatory T cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.19.700460v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ubiquitous functional synergy partially explains why most transcription factor binding is non-functional 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.19.700460v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most genes in whose promotor a transcription factor (TF) binds do not change in expression when the concentration of the TF is perturbed. No existing model can predict which bound promotors will respond and which will not. We hypothesized that a genes response to perturbation of a TF bound in its promotor can depend on which other TFs are bound there, a phenomenon we call functional synergy. This is distinct from cooperative binding, which is already accounted for in the binding location data. To investigate functional synergy, we created a comprehensive dataset on TF binding locations in yeast using a method that is orthogonal to chromatin immunoprecipitation. We then used mathematical modeling to identify high-confidence instances of functional synergy. We found that such synergies are surprisingly common. Responses to perturbations of 44 different TFs were modified by the presence of other TFs. 48 TFs served as modifiers, but some modified responses to many TFs. We conclude that (1) measuring the binding locations of a single TF will not, in general, reveal which genes the TF regulates, and (2) traditional networks linking TFs to their targets must be made substantially more expressive, allowing some TFs to modify the effects of others.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mateusiak, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plaggenberg, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erdenebaatar, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shively, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitra, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brent, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.19.700460</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ubiquitous functional synergy partially explains why most transcription factor binding is non-functional]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.18.700012v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Searching the Druggable Genome using Large Language Models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.18.700012v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryThe druggable genome encompasses the genes that are known or predicted to interact with drugs. The Drug-Gene Interaction Database (DGIdb) provides an integrated resource for discovering and contextualizing these interactions, supporting a broad range of research and clinical applications. DGIdb is currently accessed through structured web interfaces and API calls, requiring users to translate natural-language questions into database-specific query patterns. To allow for the use of DGIdb through natural language, we developed the DGIdb Model Context Protocol (MCP) server, which allows large language models (LLMs) access to up-to-date information through the DGIdb API. We demonstrate that the MCP server greatly enhances an LLMs ability to answer questions requiring accurate, up-to-date biomedical knowledge drawn from structured external resources.

Availability and implementationThe DGIdb MCP server is detailed at https://github.com/griffithlab/dgidb-mcp-server and includes instructions for accessing the server through the Claude desktop app.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schimmelpfennig, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cannon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cody, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMichael, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coffman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiwala, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krysiak, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffith, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffith, O. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.18.700012</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Searching the Druggable Genome using Large Language Models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.20.700379v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Calcium interaction with Nav1.5 via FGF12A and CaM binding 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.20.700379v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Voltage-gated Na+ (Nav) channels, including Nav1.5, are responsible for the initiation of cardiac and neuronal action potentials. Regulation of Nav1.5 inactivation is linked to multiple accessory proteins that bind its C-terminal domain (CTD) including calmodulin (CaM) and intracellular fibroblast growth factors (iFGF). Previous results demonstrate that Ca2+-bound CaM preferentially binds to iFGF12A. The role of intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in regulating Nav1.5 gating, either directly or via auxiliary proteins like CaM, is controversial. We hypothesize that CaM binding to the Nav1.5 CTD and iFGF12A synergistically alters channel inactivation in a previously unobserved calcium-dependent manner. We performed Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) imaging in live cells to observe the interaction between the Nav1.5 alpha subunit, CaM and iFGF12A. At resting [Ca2+]i, a 2-fold difference between acceptor and donor FRET efficiency was observed, implying that a single CaM acceptor is present on the Nav1.5 CTD even in the presence of FGF12A. After increasing [Ca2+]i, the donor and acceptor FRET efficiencies equalize, suggesting a 2:1:1 ratio between CaM, FGF12A, and the Nav1.5 CTD. We then compared the voltage-dependent gating kinetics of Nav1.5 with FGF12A in the presence/absence of calcium. With low [Ca2+]i, the steady-state inactivation of Nav1.5 with FGF12A was significantly shifted toward hyperpolarized potential compared to resting [Ca2+]i. Thus, the FGF12A:CaM complex confers a Ca2+-dependent mechanism enabling FGF12A modulates the Nav1.5 steady-state inactivation. Additionally, the ability of multiple subunits to bring CaM to the Nav1.5 CTD implies biological redundancy to prevent major alteration to Nav1.5 inactivation in the absence of CaM.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Woodbury, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angsutararux, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marras, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.20.700379</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Calcium interaction with Nav1.5 via FGF12A and CaM binding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.19.700487v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Strong sustained type I IFN signaling acts cell intrinsically to impair IFNγ responses and cause tuberculosis susceptibility 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.19.700487v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) causes over one million annual deaths, but most infected individuals never exhibit symptoms. Type I interferons (IFNs) have emerged as a major factor driving Mtb susceptibility, but how type I IFNs impair immunity to Mtb is a key unresolved question. Here we show that an early and primary effect of type I IFN during Mtb infection is the cell-intrinsic impairment of IFN{gamma} signaling. IFN{gamma} signaling was selectively impaired in the subset of infected macrophages experiencing high and sustained levels of type I IFN signaling. Genetic elimination of RESIST, a recently described positive regulator of type I IFN production, specifically eliminated the high and sustained type I IFN response, fully restored IFN{gamma} signaling, and rescued Mtb susceptibility without affecting basal type I IFN responses. Our results demonstrate that strong and sustained type I IFN responses specifically and cell-intrinsically impair responsiveness to IFN{gamma} to cause Mtb susceptibility.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fattinger, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chavez, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Witt, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parisi, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turcotte, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brydon, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fairgrieve, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dhaliwal, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kotov, D. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vance, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.19.700487</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Strong sustained type I IFN signaling acts cell intrinsically to impair IFNγ responses and cause tuberculosis susceptibility]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.21.700940v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Viral Capsid-Membrane Interactions Propel Non-Brownian Movements of Non-enveloped Reoviruses during Entry 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.21.700940v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding how non-enveloped viruses breach host cell membranes is critical for developing strategies to block viral entry, a key step in infection. Despite extensive study, how viral capsids and host lipid membranes dynamically cooperate during membrane penetration remains poorly defined. Here, using reovirus as a model non-enveloped virus and planar model membranes, we identify previously unrecognized non-Brownian membrane motions of infectious subvirion particles (ISVPs) by single-virus tracking. We then integrate experiments with computational modeling to dissect the stepwise, processive capsid-membrane interactions encoded in these distinct dynamics. We show that ISVP motion transitions from an initial phase of directed translocation to progressively confined diffusion. This behavior reflects a multistep entry mechanism in which initial capsid-membrane contact triggers release of the membrane-active 1N peptide. As 1N accumulates within the bilayer, it generates membrane-associated viral retention sites that promote further virus adsorption and increasingly constrain particle mobility. By directly visualizing these motion signatures, we resolve transient and cooperative capsid-membrane interactions that are difficult to capture using conventional biochemical approaches. Together, these findings provide new insight into early membrane penetration events of non-enveloped viruses.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNon-enveloped viruses must penetrate host cell membranes to initiate infection, yet the dynamic mechanisms by which viral capsids engage and remodel lipid membranes remain poorly understood. By directly visualizing the motion of individual reovirus particles on model membranes, we uncover previously unrecognized non-Brownian dynamics that encode stepwise capsid-membrane interactions during viral entry. Integrating single-virus tracking with computational modeling reveals how peptide-mediated membrane remodeling feeds back to regulate viral engagement. This work provides the first direct visualization of processive, stepwise capsid-membrane interactions during non-enveloped virus entry and establishes viral particle dynamics as a quantitative readout for dissecting membrane penetration mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cantrall, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snyder, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abel, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danthi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.21.700940</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Viral Capsid-Membrane Interactions Propel Non-Brownian Movements of Non-enveloped Reoviruses during Entry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.21.700958v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microtubules in Arabidopsis pollen tubes are oriented away from the tube apex and are actin-independent at the cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.21.700958v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pollen tubes are dynamic tip-growing cells that deliver sperm nuclei to female gametes in flowering plants, allowing for sexual reproduction and seed formation. Actin and microtubule cytoskeletons both play important roles in directional pollen tube growth and guidance. While actin dynamics are well-studied in pollen tubes, the role of microtubules and the interactions between these two cytoskeletal filaments are less well understood. To address this knowledge gap, we imaged growing Arabidopsis thaliana pollen tubes co-expressing fluorescently-labeled tubulin and actin markers and observed partial co-localization of actin and microtubule filaments. We found that treatment with microtubule disrupting drugs did not affect the actin cytoskeleton. In contrast, when actin filaments were depolymerized, microtubules in the medial region of pollen tubes were disrupted, while microtubules at the cell cortex remained intact. Thus, the microtubule cytoskeleton in A. thaliana pollen tubes relies on the actin cytoskeleton in a spatially dependent manner. Furthermore, we utilized native expression of the microtubule plus-end binding protein EB1b to track microtubule orientation in growing pollen tubes. We found the microtubule array to be largely parallel, with plus ends growing away from the tube apex. Together, these findings offer new insights into the dynamics and organization of microtubules in growing pollen tubes and the interactions between actin filaments and microtubules.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Coomey, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallup, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixit, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.21.700958</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microtubules in Arabidopsis pollen tubes are oriented away from the tube apex and are actin-independent at the cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.20.700631v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
N-terminal phosphorylation inhibits Arabidopsis katanin and affects vegetative and reproductive development in opposite ways 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.20.700631v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Katanin is an evolutionarily conserved microtubule-severing enzyme that is essential for cytoskeletal remodeling throughout the plant life cycle. However, the molecular mechanisms that tune katanin activity to meet distinct cellular requirements remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that N-terminal phosphorylation of the Arabidopsis thaliana p60 katanin subunit (KTN1) serves as a key regulatory switch controlling microtubule severing during vegetative and reproductive development. Using in vitro biochemical assays, we show that combined phosphorylation of three conserved serine residues (S92, S147, S199) inhibits KTN1s microtubule-severing activity by reducing both microtubule-binding affinity and ATPase activity. Strikingly, phosphomimetic (DDD) and phosphonull (AAA) versions of KTN1 exhibit opposite developmental phenotypes. The constitutively active AAA mutant rescues defects in cortical microtubule organization and vegetative growth but leads to abnormal meiotic spindles, reduced pollen viability, and defective pollen tube growth, resulting in low male fertility. Conversely, the catalytically impaired DDD mutant fails to restore vegetative growth but supports normal male fertility. These findings reveal that phosphorylation differentially modulates KTN1 activity to balance the opposing requirements for high microtubule severing during interphase cell expansion versus limited severing during meiotic cell divisions, providing a sophisticated mechanism to coordinate cytoskeletal dynamics with plant developmental programs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ambastha, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burkart, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balkunde, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixit, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.20.700631</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[N-terminal phosphorylation inhibits Arabidopsis katanin and affects vegetative and reproductive development in opposite ways]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.21.700666v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Opposing regulation by Rev1 of DNA polymerase zeta activity on damaged versus undamaged DNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.21.700666v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Rev1 deoxycytidyl transferase functions as a scaffold protein for DNA polymerase {zeta} (Pol {zeta})-mediated translesion synthesis (TLS). Biochemical studies with yeast enzymes indicate that Rev1 plays a dual regulatory role in TLS, stimulating Pol {zeta} activity at sites of damage but inhibiting its activity on undamaged DNA. An evolutionary conserved N-terminal alpha-helical motif (M1), located 10-20 amino acids upstream of Rev1s single BRCT domain, is required for the inhibitory activity of Rev1 on undamaged DNA. Mutations in the M1 motif result in a stimulation of Pol {zeta} replication activity on both undamaged and damaged DNA. Yeast cells carrying a REV1 mutant lacking the M1 motif, show a significant increase in mutation track length, without significantly affecting overall spontaneous mutation rates. The regulatory activity of Rev1 is independent of its catalytic activity. However, it requires that Rev1-Pol {zeta} is a stable complex, and that this complex is coordinated by the replication clamp PCNA.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=83 SRC="FIGDIR/small/700666v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (10K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@9b40dorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@10bf5d1org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@376ff4org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1970db8_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bezalel-Buch, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stith, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makarova, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Binz, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burgers, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.21.700666</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Opposing regulation by Rev1 of DNA polymerase zeta activity on damaged versus undamaged DNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.22.700871v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A cross-species single-cell epigenome kidney atlas identifies epithelial cells as a driver of epigenetic aging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.22.700871v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Epigenetic aging is a hallmark of chronic diseases, arising from sustained injuries and unresolved repairs. To investigate cell-type-specific epigenetic alterations, we built a cross-species single-cell multi-omics atlas of DNA methylomes, chromatin accessibilities, and transcriptomes on healthy, injured (human) and aging (mouse) kidneys. We identified accelerated epigenetic aging dominated by tubular epithelia in diseased kidneys. The pathological state mirrors transcriptional trajectories observed in normal aging, driven by the preferential dysregulation of lineage-specific genes lacking CpG islands. Spatially, these epigenetic changes mapped to pathological niches of failed repair. Co-profiling of single-cell DNA methylation and 3D genome architecture revealed that epithelial repair states in disease undergo significant higher-order genome reorganizations, activating genes associated with renal decline. Our findings demonstrate that epithelial aging is driven by a collapse of 3D chromatin structure and local methylome integrity, which silences cell identity and promotes a non-resolving repair state.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jeong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lake, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diep, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gisch, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reinert, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eadon, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaut, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.22.700871</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A cross-species single-cell epigenome kidney atlas identifies epithelial cells as a driver of epigenetic aging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.22.701010v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Virtual prototyping of non-invasive spinal cord electrical stimulation targeting upper limb motor function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.22.701010v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) applied over the cervical or lumbar spinal cord facilitates motor function after paralysis. However, emerging electrophysiological evidence indicates mechanistic differences between cervical and lumbar tSCS and across different cervical tSCS paradigms. To clarify these discrepancies, we developed and validated a multi-scale, whole-body computational model of tSCS-induced volume conduction, axonal recruitment, and synaptic transmission. Across 24 cervical and four lumbar tSCS paradigms, simulations showed that somatosensory afferents consistently exhibit lower stimulation thresholds than motor efferents. In turn, region-specific synaptic transmission differences may explain electrophysiological discrepancies between cervical and lumbar tSCS. Across cervical tSCS paradigms, substantial volume conduction and axonal recruitment differences were observed that explain electrophysiological discrepancies. Specifically, clinically-prevalent paradigms, including those with anodes placed over the clavicles or iliac crests, engaged peripheral nerves in addition to spinal roots. This effect was amplified by multiphasic waveforms, which introduced recruitment sites near the anodes. By integrating simulations with electrophysiological recordings in 14 able-bodied individuals, we investigated previously unexplored cervical tSCS paradigms on their capacity to recruit somatosensory afferents relative to motor threshold.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alashqar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brihmat, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gemar, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koh, S.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz-Pier, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Freitas, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasaki, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milosevic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keesey, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seanez, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neufeld, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cassoudesalle, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofstötter, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minassian, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rowald, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.22.701010</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Virtual prototyping of non-invasive spinal cord electrical stimulation targeting upper limb motor function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.24.700018v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A bireporter recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5 for in vitro and in vivo studies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.24.700018v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The continuous emergence of variants of concern (VoC) represent a significant challenge to effectively control SARS-CoV-2. Although FDA-approved vaccines and antivirals have been successfully developed and implemented for the prophylactic and therapeutic intervention of SARS-CoV-2 infection, recent VoC could escape protection garnered by previous vaccine and antiviral approaches. Determining the efficacy of prophylactics and/or therapeutics against recent VoC will assist in efficiently controlling currently circulating SARS-CoV-2 strains. We used our previously described bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-based reverse genetics approach for Omicron BA.5 to generate a recombinant SARS-CoV-2 BA.5 encoding a fusion of ZsGreen to Nanoluciferase (rBA.5 ZsG-Nluc) from the locus of the viral nucleocapsid (N) protein separated by the porcine teschovirus-1 (PTV-1) 2A proteolytic cleavage site. The rBA5 ZsG-Nluc replicates to levels comparable to recombinant BA.5 wild-type (rBA.5 WT) and expresses high levels of ZsG and Nluc in cultured cells. This facilitates tracking viral infection and the identification of antivirals and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) with EC50 and NT50 values, respectively, similar to those obtained with rBA.5 WT. Importantly, in K18 hACE2 mice, rBA.5 ZsG-Nluc retains the same pathogenicity and ability to replicate in the lungs of infected mice as rBA.5 WT. Using rBA.5 ZsG-Nluc, we detected Nluc activity systemically and Nluc and ZsG expression in the lungs of infected mice using an in vivo imaging system (IVIS). Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using rBA.5 ZsG-Nluc to track viral infections and identify prophylactics and therapeutics against recent SARS-CoV-2 VoC in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo.

IMPORTANCESARS-CoV-2, the causative virus of the COVID-19 pandemic, is continually evolving to escape immunity acquired by previous natural infections or vaccinations. Moreover, recent SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoC) have acquired antiviral resistant mutations to FDA-approved drugs. The emergence of these VoC highlights the importance of identifying new prophylactics and therapeutics against currently circulating SARS-CoV-2 strains. We generated a recombinant bireporter Omicron BA.5 SARS-CoV-2 (rBA.5 ZsG-Nluc) that expresses reporter proteins, which are useful for cellular and whole animal studies and has similar viral replication and pathogenicity to a wild-type (WT) recombinant Omicron BA.5 SARS-CoV-2 (rBA.5 WT). In K18 hACE2 mice, rBA.5 ZsG-Nluc infection can be tracked systemically or in the lungs of infected mice using an in vivo imaging system (IVIS). We establish a proof-of-concept platform of rBA.5 ZsG-Nluc in combination with an ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain expressing mCherry to simultaneously identify antivirals and neutralizing antibodies against original and recent SARS-CoV-2 strains.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Castro, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barre, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imbiakha, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ezzatpour, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cupic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walter, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kobie, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plemper, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Sastre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mostafa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguilar, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Sobrido, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.24.700018</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A bireporter recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5 for in vitro and in vivo studies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.24.701376v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sonogenetic control of cardiomyocytes and cardiac pacing using exogenous Transient Receptor Potential A1 channels 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.24.701376v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Electronic cardiac pacemakers are the standard of care for treating arrhythmias but, even for wireless pacemakers, they require an intracardiac implant procedure and are invasive. Lead-related complications, including life-threatening infections, and limited suitability in pediatric patients restrict pacemaker use. Biological pacing has emerged as a hardware-free alternative, leveraging cell reprogramming approaches to generate pacemaker-like cardiomyocytes. Despite progress, biological strategies face challenges related to complex signaling pathways, intercellular coupling, durability of effect, efficacy, and safety. In addition, once ion channels or cells are implanted, biological pacemakers offer limited real-time programmability, whereas electronic pacemakers enable continuous adjustment of pacing output based on cardiac performance.

Here we propose a hybrid approach that combines genetic sensitization with external control by exploring the feasibility of sonogenetic cardiac pacing. We express the ultrasound-sensitive ion channel hsTRPA1 in cardiomyocytes and use noninvasive ultrasound to modulate channel activity and cardiac function. Using calcium imaging, we show that hsTRPA1 potentiates ultrasound-evoked responses in cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, cardiac expression of hsTRPA1 in mice increases heart rate in response to ultrasound delivered noninvasively through the intact chest, without evidence of a thermal mechanism under the conditions tested. Together, these results establish a proof of concept for sonogenetic cardiac pacing and define an initial acoustic and genetic parameter space compatible with preserving baseline cardiac function. More broadly, this work positions sonogenetics as a minimally invasive, wireless strategy for cardiac rhythm control and motivates future optimization and safety studies toward translation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walsh, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheikh, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chalasani, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friend, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.24.701376</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sonogenetic control of cardiomyocytes and cardiac pacing using exogenous Transient Receptor Potential A1 channels]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.26.701742v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Trophoblast ferroptosis restricts SARS-CoV-2 spread in the placenta 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.26.701742v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, but placental mechanisms that restrict viral spread remain unclear. Here we show that SARS-CoV-2 exposure induces ferroptosis-linked iron dysregulation in the placenta as a host defense. Human placentas from early gestation SARS-CoV-2-exposed pregnancies exhibited persistent viral protein expression at term, iron accumulation, disrupted localization of iron transport proteins, and reduced expression of the ferroptosis inhibitor, GPX4. In trophoblast cells and newly generated stem cell-derived trophoblast organoids (SC-TOs) with physiological apical-out polarity, infection with live SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant suppressed expression of iron efflux transporter, ferroportin and ferroptosis inhibitors, GPX4 and PLA2G6, promoting lipid peroxidation and ferroptotic signaling. Sub-lethal pharmacological activation of ferroptosis reduced viral titers in trophoblasts, indicating an antiviral function. Together, these results uncover a new mechanism through which the placenta attempts to restrict SARS-CoV-2 replication. However, this protective response is accompanied by placental iron sequestration, which may compromise maternal-fetal iron transfer and help explain iron deficiency and anemia reported in infants born after prenatal SARS-CoV-2 exposure, highlighting a delicate balance between iron and ferroptosis-mediated protection and damage with implications for pregnancy outcomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McColl, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, D. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marks, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diveley, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karvas, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Theunissen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mysorekar, I. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.26.701742</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Trophoblast ferroptosis restricts SARS-CoV-2 spread in the placenta]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.25.701551v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Synaptopodin enables directional mechanoadaptation of integrin-based adhesions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.25.701551v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The attachment of cells to their substrate through adhesion complexes is fundamental to tissue architecture and function. These adhesions are inherently optimized to resist shear forces parallel to the substrate, yet certain specialized cells must also withstand substantial perpendicular forces. How cells adapt their adhesion machinery to resist forces in different directions has remained unclear. In the kidney, podocytes experience perpendicular forces from pressurized filtrate flow while maintaining attachment to the glomerular basement membrane through integrin-based adhesions. Here we show that synaptopodin converts adhesions from shear-resistant to perpendicular force-resistant structures through coordinated reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and adhesion complexes. Using an inertial force application system, we demonstrate that synaptopodin triggers force-dependent redistribution of {beta}1-integrin to the cell periphery specifically in response to perpendicular loading, while synaptopodin-deficient cells lack this directional adaptation and detach. This mechanism operates in multiple cell types and is physiologically essential: synaptopodin-null mice subjected to elevated glomerular pressure develop significant proteinuria and podocyte foot process effacement. These findings reveal a molecular basis for directional mechanoadaptation, whereby a single protein enables cells to reconfigure their adhesion architecture in response to the direction of applied force.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puapatanakul, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brathwaite, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langner, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penn, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Espinosa, H. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halabi, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elson, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miner, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genin, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suleiman, H. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.25.701551</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Synaptopodin enables directional mechanoadaptation of integrin-based adhesions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.26.699144v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pleistocene climatic oscillations impact the diversification of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) and the independent evolution of ecotypes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.26.699144v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A central question in evolutionary biology is whether local adaptation is predictable when a species repeatedly encounters similar environments. The deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus, has a range of over 13 million km2 in North America and may be found in nearly every terrestrial habitat. Because of their abundance and wide habitat preference, deer mice and closely related Peromyscus, which we refer to as the P. maniculatus species complex, are at the forefront of studies of biogeography and local adaptation. Here, we undertake a comprehensive survey of genome-wide and phenotypic diversity to characterize the recent evolutionary history of this group. We sequenced whole genomes from 232 individuals across their range, representing the most thorough genetic sampling of the P. maniculatus species complex to date. We identify six geographically delineated clades, several of which encompass both classically recognized P. maniculatus subspecies as well as other recognized species. Ecological niche modelling suggests that this geographic structure resulted from rapid post-LGM range expansion and adaptation to emerging habitats. Our morphological measurements of 979 specimens and field data compiled from over 28,000 museum records show that deer mice in forests across the range consistently have longer tails, larger feet, bigger ears, and elongated whiskers. These traits constitute an arboreal ecotype that has evolved at least three times independently, and was likely lost in other parts of the range as populations moved out of forested habitat. Altogether, these results suggest that post-LGM increases in forested habitat drove the parallel evolution of arboreal ecotypes across the deer mouse range.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Boria, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wooldridge, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kautt, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashing-Giwa, K. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McFadden, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirby, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoekstra, H. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.26.699144</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pleistocene climatic oscillations impact the diversification of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) and the independent evolution of ecotypes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.26.701322v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modulation of Avian Iridescence via Malanogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.26.701322v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWThe iridescent colors of birds originate in nanoscale feather structures that interact with light. Although the physical principles governing avian iridescence are well-established, the molecular mechanisms assembling these nanostructures into photonic materials remain unknown. Here, we investigate the genetic and developmental basis of iridescence by analyzing mutations from peafowl domestication and color variation in wild birds. We show that melanogenesis governs diverse geometric aspects of feather photonic nanostructures, enabling gains, shifts, and losses in iridescence. Mutations altering melanin composition collapse multilayered photonic systems and yield non-iridescent tissues, while alterations to melanosome abundance, elongation, or deposition timing generate multilayer architectures of variable periodicity and striking color differences. Notably, transitions from non-iridescent to iridescent plumage can arise from single-nucleotide mutations in melanogenic genes, revealing that minimal genetic change can prompt feathers to organize photonic structures. These results demonstrate that the nanoscale order underlying iridescence is developmentally plastic, emerging from physicochemical self-assembly responsive to the biochemical environment rather than from genetically encoded spatial cues. Single-cell transcriptomes from wild species further uncovered extensive melanocyte-centered regulatory rewiring associated with iridescence. Our findings identify melanogenesis as a key pathway for evolving structural coloration and illustrate how genetic programs harness self-organizing processes to generate biological diversity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barbosa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bittner, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arbore, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Araujo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pereira, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrade, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fekete, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Afonso, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Afonso, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amorim, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marques, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicolai, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carita, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brejcha, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopes, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alves, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cruz, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez-Garrido, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zamarreno, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gut, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alyoto, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ali, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hilpert, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hech, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spiecker, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zubiri, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ito, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wakamatsu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersson, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vogel, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carneiro, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.26.701322</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modulation of Avian Iridescence via Malanogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.26.701583v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Preventing Data Leakage in Neural Decoding 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.26.701583v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neural decoding is a widely-used machine learning technique for investigating how behavior, perception and cognition are represented in neural activity. However without careful application data leakage can occur, where information from the test set contaminates the training set, leading to biased estimates of decoding performance and potentially invalidating biological conclusions. Here we use simulated and biological datasets to demonstrate how both supervised and unsupervised data preprocessing, including dimensionality reduction, can introduce leakage in neural decoding studies. We reveal that in some cases leakage can paradoxically decrease decoding performance relative to unbiased estimates, and we provide theoretical analyses explaining how this occurs. We demonstrate that, for autocorrelated neural time series, standard k-fold cross-validation can dramatically overstate performance. Finally we provide detailed recommendations for avoiding data leakage in neural decoding.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wong, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCullough, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodhill, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.26.701583</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Preventing Data Leakage in Neural Decoding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.26.701599v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-omics integration of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors identifies potential targets based on chromosome 8q status 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.26.701599v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundChromosome 8q (chr8q) copy number gain is associated with high-grade transformation in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST), an aggressive soft tissue tumor with poor outcomes in the high-risk and metastatic settings. Although chr8q gain is associated with inferior overall survival in patients with MPNST, standard of care therapies do not currently consider stratification by genomic features, including chr8q status.

MethodsWe employed a proteogenomic approach to characterize proteomic and transcriptional programs associated with chr8q and nominate drug targets for potential treatment stratification based on chr8q status. We leveraged our growing library of fully characterized MPNST patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and collected LC-MS/MS global and phospho-proteomics measurements for six of these samples. We then integrated these data with transcriptomics and copy number data to identify molecular changes that are correlated with chr8q copy number. We nominated pathways, transcription factors, and kinases that were differentially active in chr8q gain samples and posited that these samples would respond differently to drugs compared to chr8q wildtype samples. We then tested this hypothesis in vitro.

ResultsOur results suggest that the chr8q gene MYC may be a key driver of downstream effects that can be targetable with inhibitors of PLK1. Conversely, EGFR inhibition may be more effective in MYC-diploid MPNSTs than those with MYC gain. These results nominate candidate pathways and drug classes to target tumor heterogeneity in MPNST through the proteogenomic integration and drug sensitivity prediction in distinct tumor subpopulations.

ConclusionsWe show that integration of multiomics data can identify specific drug therapies to selectively target tumor cells based on chr8q copy number. This not only provides novel avenues for drug nomination going forward but also may be important for stratifying treatment and mitigating resistance in heterogeneous tumors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Garana, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oztosun, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makri, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borcherding, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hutchinson-Bunch, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gritsenko, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piehowski, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pratilas, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirbe, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gosline, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.26.701599</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-omics integration of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors identifies potential targets based on chromosome 8q status]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.26.701835v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
tRF-3021a, a tRNA-Ala-TGC derived 3' fragment, promotes glioblastoma cell invasion, suppresses apoptosis, and is required for normal levels of protein synthesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.26.701835v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) are relatively recently discovered class of small RNAs implicated in gene-regulatory processes in diverse biological contexts but there have been very few reports of a clear phenotypic role of these small RNAs in cancer progression. By analyzing small RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we found that high expression of three 3' tRFs (tRF-3a), tRF-3009a, tRF-3021a or tRF-3030a, is significantly associated with poor overall survival in low-grade glioma (LGG). In glioblastoma cells, tRF-3009a, tRF-3021a and tRF-3030a enhance cell invasion and migration but tRF-3021a was uniquely required for cell proliferation and suppression of apoptosis. Interestingly, tRF-3021a knockdown decreases global protein synthesis prior to and independent of apoptosis. These data indicate that tRF-3021a supports glioma cell survival and particularly protein synthesis while promoting cellular invasion and migration. Given its association with poor outcome in LGG patients, tRF-3021a represents a promising biomarker and potential therapeutic target in gliomas and these results provide a foundation for future studies to define its molecular interactors and downstream pathways controlling protein synthesis and apoptosis in cancer cells.

ImplicationtRF-3021a promotes malignant glioma phenotypes, sustains global protein synthesis and prevents spontaneous apoptosis, motivating efforts to evaluate it as a biomarker and therapeutic target.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Esmaeili, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bannerjee, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatrath, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shibata, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dutta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.26.701835</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[tRF-3021a, a tRNA-Ala-TGC derived 3' fragment, promotes glioblastoma cell invasion, suppresses apoptosis, and is required for normal levels of protein synthesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.29.702065v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-omics Differential Inference for Functional Interpretation (MoDIFI): A Statistical Framework to Prioritize Cell Lines for Neurodevelopmental Variants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.29.702065v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Noncoding variants contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), but their regulatory effects are often cell-type specific, making it difficult to choose an in vitro model for high-throughput assays such as massively parallel reporter assays. We asked: given a set of noncoding variants, which cell line and regulatory regions are most likely to reveal measurable allele-specific effects? We generated matched multiomics profiles across commonly used NDD in vitro models: human neuronal lines (i.e., IMR-32, SH-SY5Y, SK-N-SH), mouse neuronal lines (i.e., HT-22, Neuro-2a), and a non-neuronal line (i.e., HEK-293), using RNA-seq, ATAC-seq, and Hi-C under consistent conditions. To integrate these orthogonal data types, we developed MoDIFI (Multi-omics Differential Inference for Functional Interpretation), a Bayesian framework that quantifies cell-line-specific regulatory activity by computing posterior inclusion probabilities (PIPs) for differential gene-loop interactions. MoDIFI identifies regulatory regions supported by coordinated 3D contacts, accessibility, and transcriptional output, producing cell-line-resolved regulatory maps that highlight both shared synaptic programs and context-dependent mechanisms. These results provide a practical strategy for prioritizing the most informative cell lines and candidate regulatory elements for targeted functional testing of NDD-relevant noncoding variation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>VR, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaw, G. T.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manuel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mosbruger, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heins, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayeck, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, T. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.29.702065</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-omics Differential Inference for Functional Interpretation (MoDIFI): A Statistical Framework to Prioritize Cell Lines for Neurodevelopmental Variants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.29.702580v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Indole-3-acetic acid production is rare among gut bacteria and reflects OFOR-driven amino acid oxidation in acetogens 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.29.702580v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is a tryptophan-derived gut microbial metabolite with reported anti-inflammatory activities, but the organisms and anaerobic pathways that support robust production remain unclear. Screening 206 human gut bacterial isolates by LC-MS revealed that IAA production is rare: only five strains exceeded the limit of quantitation, and high-capacity production was confined to the acetogens Blautia hydrogenotrophica and Intestinibacter bartlettii. Across growth conditions, IAA was a minor product that rose alongside carbohydrate-sensitive, OFOR-linked catabolism of multiple amino acids, generating abundant branched-chain and aromatic organic acids. In gnotobiotic mice mono-colonized with I. bartlettii, these metabolites were produced in vivo but showed distinct host handling, with branched-chain fatty acids largely extracted between portal and peripheral plasma, whereas aromatic acids and their glycine conjugates appeared in plasma and urine. Genomic analyses and heterologous enzyme assays identified expanded repertoires of 2-oxoacid:ferredoxin oxidoreductases (OFORs) with activities spanning pyruvate/oxaloacetate, branched-chain, and aromatic 2-oxoacids, including indolepyruvate conversion to indoleacetyl-CoA, a putative intermediate en route to IAA. Finally, position-specific 13C tracing showed that CO2 released during amino acid oxidation is reassimilated into acetate via reductive acetogenesis, indicating that gut acetogens can maintain redox balance without fermenting partner strains. Together, these findings show that high IAA output is restricted to select gut acetogens and linked to a broader OFOR-driven anaerobic metabolism that generates additional metabolites that are absorbed by the host.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>DeFeo, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Higginbottom, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dodd, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.29.702580</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Indole-3-acetic acid production is rare among gut bacteria and reflects OFOR-driven amino acid oxidation in acetogens]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.28.702389v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AADAT-Driven Metabolic Control of Malate and CoQ10 Shapes Immune Evasion in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.28.702389v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Compared to other subtypes of breast cancer, triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) have fewer treatment options and exhibit a worse prognosis. Through integrated transcriptomic, metabolomic, immunohistochemical, spatial, and clinical analyses, we identify the mitochondrial enzyme, -aminoadipate aminotransferase (AADAT) as a previously unrecognized metabolic immune checkpoint in TNBC. AADAT mRNA and protein were significantly upregulated in human TNBC, and high AADAT expression was associated with reduced intra-tumoral CD8 T-cell density and inferior survival. Genetic silencing of AADAT in orthotopic murine TNBC models curtailed primary tumor growth and distant metastasis in a CD8 T-cell-dependent manner, enhanced effector T-cell activation, and sensitized tumors to dual PD-1/CTLA-4 blockade. Mechanistically, unbiased metabolomics showed increased malate levels after AADAT knockdown. Additionally, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate, an essential precursor for coenzyme Q10(CoQ10) biosynthesis, decreased following AADAT knockdown, suggesting an impaired mitochondrial electron transport chain. CoQ10 supplementation restored metabolic balance and reversed malate accumulation caused by AADAT knockdown, indicating that AADAT helps maintain CoQ10-supported redox homeostasis, thereby preventing malate buildup and export. Notably, malate addition directly boosted CD8 T-cell oxidative metabolism, increased the NAD/NADH ratio and reactive oxygen species, and augmented TNF- and IFN-{gamma} production. In vivo, malate supplementation in drinking water phenocopied AADAT knockdown, restored the response to paclitaxel plus anti-PD-1 therapy in multiple independent syngeneic TNBC models with de novo or acquired resistance to immunotherapy, reduced tumor burden, and prolonged survival. In patient cohorts, higher spatially clustered intra-tumoral malate is associated with co-localization of functional CD8 T cells, decreased exhausted T-cell neighborhoods, and superior post-chemotherapy outcomes. These data position AADAT as a central metabolic orchestrator of immune escape in TNBC and nominate oral malate as a readily translatable adjuvant to reverse chemo-immunotherapy resistance in TNBC.

Statement of SignificanceAADAT defines a metabolic-immune axis driving immune evasion and therapy resistance in triple-negative breast cancer. Blocking AADAT or administering oral malate reactivates CD8 T-cell immunity and sensitizes chemo-immunotherapy-resistant tumors to these agents. These findings uncover a readily translatable metabolic vulnerability with potential to improve outcomes for patients with aggressive breast cancer subtypes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chatterjee, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samanta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasaily, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thota, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varghese, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fordwuo, L. E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villanueva, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKenna, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piyarathna, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simons, B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karanam, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Putluri, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>chandandeep, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohamed, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asirvatham, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jebakumar, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Omilian, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morrison, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ambrosone, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seeley, E. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaipparettu, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurland, I. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Putluri, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elkhanany, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sreekumar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.28.702389</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AADAT-Driven Metabolic Control of Malate and CoQ10 Shapes Immune Evasion in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.29.702575v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An Integrated Single-Cell and Epigenomic Resource for Comparative Analysis of the Basal Ganglia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.29.702575v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The basal ganglia regulate motor, cognitive, and affective behaviors, and their dysfunction underlies diverse neurological and psychiatric disorders. Comprehensive, accessible multi-omics resources are needed to understand the regulatory mechanisms governing basal ganglia cell types. Here we present an open, interactive web-based platform for exploring single-cell multi-omics datasets from basal ganglia, generated using 10X Multiome, snm3C-seq, and Paired-Tag technologies from the BICAN (NIH BRAIN Initiative Cell Atlas Network) consortium. The platform is available at https://basalganglia.epigenomes.net/ and enables integrated visualization of gene expression, chromatin accessibility, DNA methylation, histone modifications, and chromatin conformation across cell types and human, macaque, marmoset, and mouse species, with direct genome browser support and comparative epigenomic functionality. Representative analyses demonstrate cell-type-specific regulatory landscapes, conserved and species-specific regulatory elements, and links between epigenomic regulation and transcription. This resource provides a scalable, community-oriented foundation for advancing basal ganglia biology and interpreting regulatory mechanisms relevant to brain function and disease.

HighlightsO_LIIntegrated single-cell epigenomic resource for basal ganglia
C_LIO_LIInteractive genome browser enables multi-omics and cross-species exploration
C_LIO_LIReveals cell-type-specific and species-specific regulatory landscapes
C_LIO_LISupports community access to complex brain epigenomic datasets
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baez-Becerra, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rink, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartlett, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schenker, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johansen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mollenkopf, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodge, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakken, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lein, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawrylycz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behrens, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ecker, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.29.702575</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An Integrated Single-Cell and Epigenomic Resource for Comparative Analysis of the Basal Ganglia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.29.702614v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell transcriptomic atlas of glial cells in adult mouse dorsal root ganglia identifies multipotent progenitors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.29.702614v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sensory neuron soma and non-neuronal cells in adult dorsal root ganglia (DRG) derive from multipotent neural crest cells. Satellite glial cells (SGCs), which surround neuronal soma, were suggested to retain developmental potential, but the precise molecular identity of progenitor cells in the adult DRG remains undefined. To address this question, we assembled a comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic atlas by integrating over 200,000 DRG and sciatic nerve transcriptomes across multiple studies and injury paradigms. High-resolution clustering resolved 26 cell types and demonstrated significant transcriptional heterogeneity within SGCs and Schwann cells, including repair and reactive sub-states. Crucially, we identified two distinct populations of progenitor cells that reflect different states in the progenitor trajectory. Functionally, progenitor cell numbers significantly increase after injury, and endothelin signaling regulates glial cell proliferation early in development. This integrated DRG and peripheral nerve cell atlas represents an essential resource for exploring new features of the peripheral nervous system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Meriau, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomsen, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avraham, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trauterman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cavalli, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.29.702614</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell transcriptomic atlas of glial cells in adult mouse dorsal root ganglia identifies multipotent progenitors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.29.702649v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantifying biomarker ambiguity using metabolic network analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.29.702649v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Molecular biomarkers preserved in rocks provide evidence about ancient life but interpreting them requires inference through multiple stages of information loss arising from phylogenetic, biosynthetic, and diagenetic ambiguity. However, biomarker specificity is typically assessed qualitatively rather than quantitatively. Here we formalize biosynthetic ambiguity as entropy over metabolic networks.

We introduce three metrics that quantify pathway-level information content: retrobiosynthetic complexity ({psi}), normalized branch depth ({lambda}), and fraction shared ({sigma}). Analysis of 9,140 MetaCyc metabolites defines a three-dimensional specificity space for biomarker evaluation. Only 13% of multi-pathway compounds exhibited low complexity, distal divergence, and high pathway consensus. Lipid biomarkers span this specificity space heterogeneously: hopanoids cluster near the high-specificity region while sterols occupy intermediate territory. Diagnostic quality and lipophilicity are approximately independent, so the constraint on molecular paleontology is the limited chemical diversity among preservable compound classes rather than their biosynthetic properties.

This framework supports probabilistic biomarker interpretation by explicitly incorporating biosynthetic, phylogenetic, and diagenetic constraints.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hinkston, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bradley, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.29.702649</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantifying biomarker ambiguity using metabolic network analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.30.702860v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
cGAS-mediated IFN-I signaling contributes to disease progression in drug-refractory epilepsy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.30.702860v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Epilepsy is a prevalent neurological disease with a third of patients becoming non-responsive to antiepileptic drugs and developing drug-refractory epilepsy (DRE). Here we report that DRE disease progression is contributed by overactive cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), a double-stranded DNA sensor that induces type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling. In human DRE microglia, we observe a robust IFN-I signature and the activation of upstream cGAS-STING signaling. Further, in mouse models of Dravet syndrome, a genetic form of DRE, we observe the activation of the cGAS pathway. We show that microglial cGAS can be activated by DNA released from hyperexcitable neurons. Genetic reduction and pharmacological inhibition of cGAS reduces epileptic phenotypes, glial inflammatory signatures, and neuronal transcriptomic changes, underscoring the therapeutic potential of targeting cGAS for DRE treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, M. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnamachary, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cadiz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagiri, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norman, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhagwat, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lauderdale, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liechty, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palop, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sinha, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.30.702860</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[cGAS-mediated IFN-I signaling contributes to disease progression in drug-refractory epilepsy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.31.701472v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Polyploid cardiomyocytes define disease-specific transcriptional states in the mammalian heart 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.31.701472v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The adult mammalian heart has a limited regenerative capacity. Following injury, cardiomyocytes undergo a hypertrophic response accompanied by polyploidization, which has been described as a barrier to proliferation and regeneration of the heart1,2. However, the unique molecular programs of polyploidy, or genome multiplied cardiomyocytes, and their influence on the disease-related myocardial remodelling process remains unclear. Here, we integrate single-nuclei and high-resolution spatial multi-omics across human, rat, and mouse hearts to define novel cardiac cell states and their tissue niches in ischemic and non-ischemic heart disease. Computational analysis across scales allowed us to generate detailed networks of the cardiac tissue remodelling process as well as tissue and sub-cellular environments uniquely enriched in polyploid cardiomyocytes or their diploid origins. We identify a conserved, dichotomous transcriptional program distinguishing diploid from polyploid cardiomyocytes. Polyploid cardiomyocytes demonstrated rewired metabolic and chromatin-remodeling transcriptional programs and recapitulate the gene signature of immature human fetal cardiomyocytes. Notably, we observe that polyploid cardiomyocytes--rather than the general myocyte population--are the primary sites of enrichment for major heart-failure drug targets, including the mineralocorticoid, {beta}1-adrenergic, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors. Based on our cross-species dataset we further identified TNIK, a Wnt-pathway regulator expressed in polyploid cardiomyocytes across species, as a potential therapeutic target and demonstrate that pharmacological TNIK inhibition improves cardiac function after myocardial infarction in rats. Together, this species-spanning, disease-resolved study redefines cardiomyocyte heterogeneity in heart disease and suggests a therapeutic path to heart failure treatment by targeting polyploid cardiomyocytes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kiessling, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joodaki, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pikulska, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheidereit, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cesaro, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruiz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuehn, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goni, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foecking, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samiei, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mavrommatis, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vllaho, A.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rombach, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cucinella, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lautenschlaeger, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morales, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veltrop, R. J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schurgers, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von Scheidt, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klinkhammer, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kahles, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kranz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguirre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loft, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kluemper, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eckstein, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seidel, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forte, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westland, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayat, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amrute, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kopecky, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneider, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medyouf, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tharaux, P.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boor, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kramann,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.31.701472</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Polyploid cardiomyocytes define disease-specific transcriptional states in the mammalian heart]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.31.703024v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Crystalline guanine packed within vacuoles serves as nitrogen store in Chromera velia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.31.703024v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nitrogen is an important element for all living organisms. Photoautotrophic organisms need to assimilate nitrogen from the environment, therefore changes in nitrogen availability have a strong influence on their growth and metabolism. Many microalgae have been known to contain crystalline inclusions, and recently, it has been shown that many of these consist of purines like guanine and thus must be linked to the cellular nitrogen metabolisms. The alveolate alga Chromera velia contains such guanine crystals, and during its lifecycle, the alga is thought to be subjected to strong changes in external nitrogen availability. Here, we investigated the formation or decline of crystalline guanine in dependence of the availability of inorganic nitrogen in the growth medium. Cells were examined using polarised light microscopy, Raman micro-spectroscopy, chromatography (HPLC), transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The cellular guanine crystal content decreased during nitrogen starvation and increased upon transfer of the cells back to standard growth medium containing nitrate. Raman micro-spectroscopy showed that the crystals were composed of anhydrous guanine in beta-polytype. They appear in unspecific positions throughout the cell, and staining with the green dye Lysotracker DND-26 suggests that they are within vacuoles. Stacks of crystals could be observed in cells via freeze fracture and freeze etching electron microscopy, which unambiguously showed a membrane around the crystal aggregates, in a similar arrangement as has been shown for guanine storage vacuoles (GSV) in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. We developed a method to isolate the guanine crystals from whole cells, and were able to obtain crystals which retained their flat, plate-like structure, matching the electron microscopic observations from whole cells. The isolated crystals were shown to consist of nitrogen rich compounds via energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, and Raman micro-spectroscopy confirmed that they consist of guanine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gonepogu, V. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pilatova, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ennaceur, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomcala, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vancova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richtova, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roth, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodenough, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Obornik, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mojzes, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruber, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.31.703024</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Crystalline guanine packed within vacuoles serves as nitrogen store in Chromera velia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.01.703113v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SLC33A1 exports oxidized glutathione to maintain endoplasmic reticulum redox homeostasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.01.703113v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) requires an oxidative environment to support the efficient maturation of secretory and membrane proteins. This is in part established by glutathione, a redox-active metabolite present in reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) forms. The ER maintains a higher GSSG:GSH ratio than the cytosol; however, the mechanisms controlling ER redox balance remain poorly understood. To address this, we developed a method for the rapid immunopurification of the ER, enabling comprehensive profiling of its proteome and metabolome. Combining this approach with CRISPR screening, we identified SLC33A1 as the major ER GSSG exporter in mammalian cells. Loss of SLC33A1 leads to GSSG accumulation in the ER and a liposome-based assay demonstrates that SLC33A1 directly transports GSSG. Cryo-EM structures and molecular dynamics simulations reveal how SLC33A1 binds GSSG and identify residues critical for its transport. Finally, an imbalance in GSSG:GSH ratio induces ER stress and dependency on the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway, driven by a shift in protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs) toward their oxidized forms. Altogether, our work establishes SLC33A1-mediated GSSG export as a key mechanism for ER redox homeostasis and protein maturation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Birsoy, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gad, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wangdu, k.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belay, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Millet, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kojima, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanford, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolk, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urnavicius, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fedorova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patti, G. J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vinogradova, E. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hite, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.01.703113</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SLC33A1 exports oxidized glutathione to maintain endoplasmic reticulum redox homeostasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.01.703169v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-Cell Proteomics of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Exceeding 600 Cells per Day 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.01.703169v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-cell proteomic (scProteomic) measurements of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are of considerable value in human health, given their involvement in the maintenance of healthy and diseased states. However, the high heterogeneity and relatively small size of immune cell types demand maximal throughput and sensitivity in proteomic measurements that have yet to be fully realized. Here, we describe an approach that addresses sensitivity and throughput through the implementation of Real-Time spectral Library Searching (RTLS), TMTpro 32-plex labelling, an updated nested-nanodroplet processing in One pot for Trace Samples (N2), and a dual-column liquid chromatography system. By prioritizing tandem mass spectrometry (MS2) features with high similarity to library spectra, RTLS enables greater identification depth and feature reproducibility than a standard shotgun MS2 approach in low-input and single-cell samples. The platform permitted 660 single PBMCs to be measured per day, with an average of 750 protein identifications per cell and 1,648 proteins in total, achieving the necessary throughput and depth to characterize immune cell populations. Application of this scProteomic method and a new cell typing informatics approach to 2,130 PBMCs enabled the identification of both major and low-frequency cell types ([~]1-2%), as well as associated proteomic markers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fulcher, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwon, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dawar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liyu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orton, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nesvizhskii, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fortier, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vij, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jayasinghe, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasa-Tolic, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.01.703169</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-Cell Proteomics of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Exceeding 600 Cells per Day]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.02.703166v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-Cell Atlas of Transcription and Chromatin States Reveals Regulatory Programs in the Human Brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.02.703166v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Directly measuring chromatin states alongside transcription is essential for understanding how cell-type-specific regulatory programs are established and maintained in the adult human brain. We present a large-scale single-cell multimodal atlas generated by jointly profiling transcriptome with active (H3K27ac) and repressive (H3K27me3) histone modifications across 18 brain regions. We profile >750,000 nuclei spanning 160 cell types and integrate these data with chromatin accessibility, DNA methylation, 3D genome architecture, and spatial transcriptome. This framework annotates >500,000 regulatory elements and resolves cell-type-specific chromatin states. We link enhancers to target genes, infer gene regulatory networks, and classify chromatin interactions, revealing neuron-enriched long-range Polycomb repression of developmental genes. Integrating these maps with GWAS data and sequence-based model prioritizes noncoding variants, effector genes, and vulnerable cell types for neuropsychiatric disorders. Finally, cross-species comparisons show conserved activation but more divergent repression. Together, this study provides a functional reference for interpreting noncoding variants, epigenetic memory, and brain organization.

HIGHLIGHTSO_LIJoint single-cell profiling of transcriptomes with active or repressive histone modification in >750,000 nuclei across adult human brain.
C_LIO_LIChromatin state annotation of >500,000 candidate cis-regulatory elements distinguishes active enhancers from accessible and Polycomb-repressed regions.
C_LIO_LICell-type-resolved regulatory networks and sequence-based deep learning model prioritize functional neuropsychiatric risk variants.
C_LIO_LISpatial epigenomic imputation reveals laminar layer-specific Polycomb repression programs.
C_LIO_LIIntegration with 3D genome architecture reveals neuron-specific super long-range chromatin loops silencing early developmental genes.
C_LIO_LIEvolutionary analysis uncovers conserved active regulatory grammar but divergent repressive landscape.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rink, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baez-Becerra, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armand, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boone, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lie, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Indralingam, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loe, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barcoma, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willier, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knutson, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russo, K. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arzavala, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bikkina, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schenker-Ahmed, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kern, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flores, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tai, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olness, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moghadami, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barragan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Owens, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>OConnor, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liem, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marrin, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rose, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alt, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emerson, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osteen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucero, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodge, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keene,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.02.703166</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-Cell Atlas of Transcription and Chromatin States Reveals Regulatory Programs in the Human Brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.02.703395v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An immune-poised state of human bronchial epithelial cells mediates RSV resistance in adults 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.02.703395v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) impairs STAT3 activation in infected ciliated cells in infants, but not adults, causing apoptosis to facilitate virus spread. How age regulates the STAT3 response to RSV in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEpiCs) is unknown. Here, we identify an age-associated immune-poised physiological state in human bronchial basal stem cells (BSCs) and progeny BEpiCs, rendering robust RIG-I to guard against the inactivation of RIG-I-STAT3 signaling by RSV nonstructural protein 2. In contrast, infant BEpiCs are vulnerable to such inactivation by RSV due to lower RIG-I levels. We show that acute respiratory viral infection in specific pathogen-free mice, rather than physical age, triggered sustained epigenetic and transcriptomic remodeling in BEpiCs that resembled age-associated changes in human BEpiCs. In addition, cytokine pretreatment of human neonatal BSCs induced an adult-like immune-poised state that was maintained in progeny BEpiCs to protect against RSV. Therefore, respiratory infection and inflammation during a lifetime imparts the effect of age to BSCs, which fortifies RIG-I in progeny cells to mediate RSV resistance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lerou, P. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leung, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narasimhan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fearns, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ai, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.02.703395</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An immune-poised state of human bronchial epithelial cells mediates RSV resistance in adults]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.02.702681v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metabolic Flexibility and Energy Substrate Utilization Regulate Contractility in the Human Myometrium 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.02.702681v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The uterus requires energy for sustained contractility during labor, to deliver the fetus and diminish the risk of postpartum hemorrhage. Our objective was to define energy requirements and assess metabolic flexibility in quiescent and contractile myometrial cells. Cells were treated with oxytocin to stimulate myometrial contractility. We found that myometrial cells rely on oxidative phosphorylation during quiescence and, when treated with oxytocin, can adapt to higher energy demands by shifting their energy production to glycolysis. Treatment with mitochondrial oxidation inhibitors revealed that in quiescent myometrial cells basal oxygen consumption rate decreased when treated with glucose oxidation inhibitor UK5099, but not the long chain fatty acid oxidation inhibitor etomoxir or the glutamine oxidation inhibitor BPTES. In oxytocin treated myometrial cells, this decrease was also observed upon BPTES treatment in addition to UK5099, suggesting that contractile myometrial cells can shift energy production from glucose to glutamine. Functionally, myometrial contractility was significantly reduced by UK5099 but not by etomoxir, further indicating dependence on glucose utilization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Prifti, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dave, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchum, K. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rich, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gill, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mbadhi, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frolova, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.02.702681</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metabolic Flexibility and Energy Substrate Utilization Regulate Contractility in the Human Myometrium]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.02.703222v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The orientation of cholesterol's hydroxyl group affects its membrane dynamics and intracellular transport 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.02.703222v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The brain, though less than 10% of body mass, contains about 25% of total cholesterol (CHL), emphasizing CHLs key role in neuronal function. Many CHL actions are stereospecific, as shown by differences from its 3-hydroxy epimer, epicholesterol (epiCHL). How this minor structural change alters membrane properties and sterol transport remains unclear. Here, we compare fluorescent analogs of CHL (cholestatrienol, CTL) and epiCHL (epicholestatrienol, epiCTL), which closely mimic their natural counterparts. Biophysical membrane properties, such as flip-flop, acyl-chain ordering, and interbilayer transfer, depend on the orientation of the 3-hydroxy group. Similarly, transport by sterol transport proteins (STPs) and intracellular trafficking of the sterols in human astrocytes are stereospecific. Treatment with 25-hydroxycholesterol increases uptake of both epimers, but only CTL shows enhanced esterification and lipid droplet storage. These findings demonstrate that subtle cholesterol structural changes affect cellular homeostasis and establish epiCTL as a useful probe of sterol stereospecificity and trafficking.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lauritsen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pauli, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larsen, M. P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reinholdt, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheidt, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Covey, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Depta, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bryce-Rogers, H. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laraia, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kongsted, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wüstner, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.02.703222</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The orientation of cholesterol's hydroxyl group affects its membrane dynamics and intracellular transport]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.02.703307v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular and Cellular Determinants of Human Iron Overload Cardiomyopathy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.02.703307v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Iron overload cardiomyopathy (IOC) is a serious heart condition that is caused by elevated levels of systemic iron. IOC is characterized by both systolic and diastolic dysfunction as well as arrhythmias. It has been challenging to isolate the cardiac-specific cellular and molecular mechanisms driving IOC because the disease affects multiple interconnected organ systems. Here, we leverage stem cell technologies, cardiac tissue engineering, and protein reconstitution assays to model key aspects of human IOC in vitro and to probe the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving cardiac dysfunction. We demonstrate that human engineered heart tissues consisting of both cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts faithfully recapitulate key aspects of the human disease, including reduced systolic function, impaired diastolic function, and increased prevalence of arrhythmogenic events. We demonstrate that while both cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts show increased intracellular iron levels, leading to reduced viability, cardiomyocytes show higher levels of iron accumulation and higher levels of reactive oxygen species production. Moreover, we show that in a tissue, iron overload has little effect on the action potential kinetics; however, it directly impacts the amplitude and kinetics of the calcium transient, potentially driving arrhythmogenesis. Finally, we demonstrate that iron overload decreases force production, in part, through oxidative damage of sarcomeric proteins and direct iron-based inhibition of myosin. In summary, our results reveal new insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of human IOC pathogenesis, and they establish new in vitro models that can be harnessed to faithfully recapitulate key aspects of the human disease phenotype.

HighlightsO_LIContractile aspects of iron overload cardiomyopathy have been difficult to study in vitro.
C_LIO_LIWe developed engineered heart tissues to model key aspects of the human disease.
C_LIO_LIIn vitro iron overload reduces contractility and induces arrhythmogenesis.
C_LIO_LIIron differentially affects cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts.
C_LIO_LIIron overload directly impacts the actomyosin contractile apparatus.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Modak, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenberg, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stump, W. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenberg, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huebsch, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenberg, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.02.703307</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular and Cellular Determinants of Human Iron Overload Cardiomyopathy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.03.703645v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell Multiome Analysis of Chromatin State and Transcriptome in the Human Basal Ganglia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.03.703645v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The basal ganglia play essential roles in motor control, emotion, learning and reward processing. Their dysfunction contributes to many neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, the gene regulatory programs defining basal ganglia cell-type identity and function remain poorly understood, limiting interpretation of disease-associated non-coding variants. Here, we present the first single-cell multiome atlas of histone modifications and transcriptomes across eight basal ganglia regions from neurotypical adult human donors. Joint profiling reveals cell-type-specific deployment of active and repressive cis-regulatory elements and gene regulatory networks, and suggests a combinatorial homeobox transcription factor code underlying cell identity. Integration with matched spatial transcriptomic MERFISH data uncovers regional heterogeneity of epigenomic landscapes. Comparative analysis between human and mouse medium spiny neurons uncovers conservation of core gene regulatory features. This atlas interprets non-coding risk variants of neuropsychiatric disorders and supports the development of a deep learning model to predict gene regulation and functional effects of disease-associated variants.

HIGHLIGHTSO_LIJoint single-cell profiling of transcriptomes and three histone modifications across eight human basal ganglia regions characterizes active and repressive chromatin states at cell-type resolution.
C_LIO_LICell-type-specific gene regulatory programs decode combinatorial homeobox TF grammar governing the identity and diversification of basal ganglia neurons.
C_LIO_LIIntergrative analyses link noncoding neuropsychiatric risk variants to specific cell types, regulatory elements, and candidate target genes.
C_LIO_LIA sequence-to-function deep-learning model predicts gene regulation from DNA sequence and prioritizes functional disease-associated variants.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rink, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baez-Becerra, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lie, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Indralingam, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loe, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kern, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boone, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flores, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olness, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barragan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osgood, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Owens, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schenker-Ahmed, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barcoma, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willier, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knutson, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russo, K. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arzavala, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sundaram, G. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manning, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bikkina, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berry, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>OConnor, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liem, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marrin, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rose, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alt, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zemke, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johansen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>B</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.03.703645</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell Multiome Analysis of Chromatin State and Transcriptome in the Human Basal Ganglia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.02.703412v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Automated Ventricle Assessment via Three-dimensional Anatomical Reconstruction (AVA-TAR): a computational toolkit for autonomous lateral ventricle assessment in preclinical hydrocephalus models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.02.703412v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionCurrent workflows for studying hydrocephalus in rodent models rely on manual segmentation or qualitative assessment of ventricular size on small animal magnetic resonance imaging, which are both inefficient and prone to variability. Atlas-based methods enable more streamlined segmentation, but their analysis is limited to morphologically normal samples.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop and internally validate a deep learning model that performs automated segmentation of lateral ventricles in rodent brain MRIs, allowing for 3D ventricle reconstruction, morphological analysis, and ventriculomegaly detection.

MethodsFour U-Net++ neural networks, each with different encoder backbones, were trained using 307 rodent brain MRIs (262 rats, 45 mice), each with manually segmented lateral ventricles serving as the ground truth. Model performance was evaluated using the Dice coefficient, intersection over union (IoU), and Hausdorff index. The most optimal model was evaluated further for its ability to quantify ventricle volume, convexity, surface area, and symmetry.

ResultsThe U-Net++ model with an EfficientNet-B1 encoder achieved high accuracy (Dice: 0.823 {+/-} 0.136; IoU: 0.721 {+/-} 0.85). Further assessment of its morphological predictions found strong correlations with manual measurements of ventricular morphology, with Pearson and interclass correlation coefficients exceeding 0.96 across all metrics. The full validated pipeline was packaged into a publicly available application, hosted at https://ava-tar.org.

ConclusionThis study introduces a deep learning tool for automated segmentation and morphological analysis of lateral ventricles in rodent MRIs. The tools efficiency and accuracy in quantifying ventricle morphology offers significant utility in preclinical hydrocephalus research with potential future application in the clinical setting.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chakladar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Limbrick, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pandey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halupnik, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahjoub, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quirk, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nazeri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strahle, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.02.703412</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Automated Ventricle Assessment via Three-dimensional Anatomical Reconstruction (AVA-TAR): a computational toolkit for autonomous lateral ventricle assessment in preclinical hydrocephalus models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.03.701083v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Non-invasive genomic sampling uncovers novel connectivities and origins of confiscated gorillas 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.03.701083v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundGorillas are a group of African great apes with two species and four subspecies that are currently critically endangered or endangered. Previous studies that analysed the genetics of wild gorillas from non-invasive samples, such as faeces or hair, analysed short mitochondrial or nuclear markers, which may not reflect the wider nuclear genome. Recent technical advances in target capture hybridisation, enrich the endogenous DNA content of non-invasive samples, allowing contiguous genomic regions to be sequenced.

ResultsHere, we generated georeferenced genetic data from faecal and hair samples of 280 wild gorillas, sampled from three of the four gorilla subspecies, across large parts of their present-day distributions.

With this expanded representation of gorilla genetic diversity in the wild, we detected three population clusters in western lowland gorillas, with the Sangha River and its affluents acting as significant barriers to gene flow.

We reconstructed patterns of past population connectivity between western lowland gorillas in the north-eastern distribution range and Cross River gorillas, which may have been facilitated by a migration corridor also used by the Central and Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee subspecies.

Finally, we predicted the geographic origins of wild-born gorillas, achieving a mean prediction error of 65 km, with a population-level resolution for mountain gorillas and some populations of western lowland gorillas.

ConclusionOur work characterises fine-scale population structure in western lowland gorillas, which will be informative for future conservation strategies. This proof of concept in predicting geographic locations of wild gorillas, will be useful for future applications to geolocalise trafficked or rescued gorillas.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ruiz-Gartzia, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pawar, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarez-Estape, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orkin, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alentorn-Moron, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruibal-Puertas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ostridge, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fontsere, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cuadros-Espinoza, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilardi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nziza, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muvunyi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maloueki, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caillaud, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iyer, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ngobobo-As-Ibungu, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Binyinyi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akomo-Okoue, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basabose, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sebulimbwa, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ngomanda, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamagiwa, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Inoue-Murayama, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takenoshita, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujita, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pafco, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuh, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tagg, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mbohli, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayimisin, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bailey, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bessone, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deschner, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dieguez, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dilambaka, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunn, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Granjon, A.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Head, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hermans, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imong, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeffery, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.03.701083</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Non-invasive genomic sampling uncovers novel connectivities and origins of confiscated gorillas]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.03.703661v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SWI/SNF nuclear foci scaffold peripheral gene hubs for circadian chromatin control 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.03.703661v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How dynamic circadian rhythms arise from a relatively static nuclear architecture remains a fundamental open question. Here, we identify the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex as a critical interface between the circadian clock and nuclear organization. Using endogenously tagged Moira (MOR), a core component of the Drosophila SWI/SNF complex and homolog of human BAF155, we find that MOR assembles into a small number of discrete foci near the nuclear periphery, in stark contrast to the current model of diffuse nuclear distribution for SWI/SNF-family proteins. We demonstrate that this localization is maintained by the inner nuclear envelope LEM-domain protein Otefin, effectively shifting MOR from a global to a localized regulator of chromatin architecture. DNA-FISH reveals that clock-regulated genes cluster into peripheral "hubs" that co-localize with MOR foci throughout the circadian cycle. ATAC-seq analysis shows that while MOR modulates chromatin accessibility genome-wide, it establishes a constitutive restrictive baseline specifically at clock-regulated loci. As a result, MOR depletion abolishes accessibility rhythms at these loci, rendering them constitutively hyper-accessible. This deregulation disrupts rhythmic gene expression and ultimately drives behavioral arrhythmia. Strikingly, oscillations of the core clock proteins PER and TIM remain intact, indicating that MOR loss uncouples the protein oscillator from its genomic output. Together, these results reveal that MOR-containing SWI/SNF foci form a stable perinuclear scaffold that gates chromatin accessibility, enabling the core clock machinery to convert transient protein oscillations into high-amplitude transcriptional rhythms.

Significance StatementHow dynamic circadian rhythms emerge from a relatively static nuclear architecture remains a fundamental mystery. Here, we challenge the assumption that clock-target genes are randomly distributed by identifying a precise nuclear organization where these genes cluster into peripheral hubs. These hubs co-localize with stable SWI/SNF (MOR) foci anchored at the nuclear envelope. We demonstrate that this perinuclear scaffold is essential for gating rhythmic chromatin accessibility. Most importantly, loss of this architecture uncouples robustly oscillating clock protein program from its genomic and behavioral outputs. These findings reveal that circadian timekeeping is not merely a biochemical process but a spatially organized one, where nuclear topology licenses the translation of time into circadian rhythms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yadlapalli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.03.703661</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SWI/SNF nuclear foci scaffold peripheral gene hubs for circadian chromatin control]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.04.703854v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transient activation of potent progenitor cells is required for spinal cord regeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.04.703854v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adult zebrafish exhibit full recovery following spinal cord injury. Transient expansion of stem cell-like progenitors is thought to underlie their regenerative capacity. Yet, our understanding of the identities and contributions of the crucial stem cell populations that direct spontaneous neural repair remains limited. Moreover, while most neural regeneration research is centered on promoting proliferative repair, the regulatory mechanisms that reinstate quiescence post-repair are unknown. Here, we determined the molecular identities and cellular contributions of sox2+ progenitors during spinal cord repair. Genetic lineage tracing shows zebrafish spinal progenitors, while quiescent in uninjured tissues, self-renew and differentiate into neurons and glia after injury. By single-cell sequencing, sox2+ cells are heterogeneous and biased towards neuronal or glial fates in both homeostatic and regenerating tissues. By screening for transcription factors that are differentially expressed in acute versus chronic spinal cord injury, we find the Bach1 transcription factors control transient progenitor cell activation by acting as dual activators and repressors of sox2 expression. This study elucidates the molecular diversity and contributions of sox2 expressing cells during spinal cord repair and identifies a transcriptional regulatory switch by which progenitor cells expand after injury and restore quiescence after regeneration is completed.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Weinholtz, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saraswathy, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaw, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McAdow, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solnica-Krezel, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mokalled, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.04.703854</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transient activation of potent progenitor cells is required for spinal cord regeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.06.702961v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Highly Sensitive Chemigenetic FRET-Based Kinase Biosensors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.06.702961v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fluorescent protein-based biosensors have transformed the study of cell physiology and pathology by enabling direct, live-cell measurements of biochemical activities with spatiotemporal precision. FRET-based biosensors offer a quantitative and well-defined readout mechanism popular among researchers, but have struggled to break free of characteristically low dynamic ranges and overall dependence on the cyan-yellow spectral region. Chemigenetic approaches that combine synthetic fluorophores with self-labeling protein tags represent an attractive solution to these longstanding constraints. Here, we pair different fluorescent protein donors with a HaloTag acceptor conjugated to a far-red fluorophore to obtain a suite of highly sensitive, chemigenetic FRET-based kinase activity biosensors with red-shifted emission and unprecedented dynamic range. We demonstrate the generalizability of this chemigenetic platform by developing biosensors for multiple kinases, as well as small GTPases and second messengers, all while maintaining high sensitivity. The high sensitivity and spectral tunability of these chemigenetic tools enabled us to perform robust multiplexed activity imaging of receptor-mediated signaling networks to quantitatively map isoform-specific coupling by GPCRs, as well as clear visualization of kinase activity in acute brain slices via two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging. Our chemigenetic sensor toolkit thus provides the sensitivity and dimensionality needed to illuminate the spatiotemporal regulation of signaling networks in cells and tissues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berriman-Rozen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frei, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.06.702961</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Highly Sensitive Chemigenetic FRET-Based Kinase Biosensors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.06.704464v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Divergent phenotypic and functional roles of human T follicular helper cells from infancy to adulthood 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.06.704464v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Antibody responses to T-dependent antigens are suboptimal in young children, yet the evolution of T follicular helper cell (Tfh) function across the human lifespan remains poorly defined. Using human tonsils, a physiologically relevant and abundant source of Tfh, we investigated age-associated differences in their repertoire and functional programs. Pediatric tonsils were enriched for cytokine-expressing Tfh subsets with increased clonal diversity and phenotypic plasticity. However, in response to influenza antigens, they exhibited reduced Th1 polarization, diminished IL-21 production, and limited B cell help. Across ages, high neutralizing flu antibody responses were associated with robust Tfh1 activation, which was ICOS dependent in adults but not in children. Interestingly, Tfh depletion strategies revealed enhanced Tfh differentiation from distinct precursors in pediatric donors, yet antibody responses during early life were less reliant on Tfh help. Together, these findings define developmentally programmed differences in Tfh differentiation and function with implications for pediatric vaccine design.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sureshchandra, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kastenschmidt, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joloya, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagoner, Z. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nair, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zane, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharya, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monterroso, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorn, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitul, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beares, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendez, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yates, T. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daugherty, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thakur, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brokstad, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trask, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahuja, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saligrama, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cox, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagar, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.06.704464</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Divergent phenotypic and functional roles of human T follicular helper cells from infancy to adulthood]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.09.704775v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mitochondrial genomes of individual microfilariae: Undescribed Dirofilaria-like filariae from Malaysian cats and two filaria species related to Dirofilaria and Mansonella from Indonesian macaques 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.09.704775v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Three molecularly undescribed filarial species were co-detected, while screening animals for Brugia malayi, the agent of lymphatic filariasis. Single microfilariae (Mf) isolated from blood samples of crab-eating macaques (Macaca fascicularis) from Belitung, Indonesia, and from pet dogs and cats in Sabah, Malaysia, were analyzed. Among 163 macaques, 33 (20.2%) were positive for large Mf (mean length 498.9 {micro}m) similar to Dirofilaria ( Belitung I). One macaque was infected with small Mf (mean length 150.4 {micro}m) ( Belitung II), with a high density of 17,150 Mf/mL. In two cats co-infected with B. malayi, Mf of a Dirofilaria species ( Sabah) with an average length of 299.1 {micro}m were detected. Morphometric analysis of Mf showed distinct differences between these three species and other Mf described in the area. Whole genome amplification and genome sequencing of 24 individual Mf enabled phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial genomes, and analysis of specific mitochondrial and nuclear barcode regions. The three Mf groups formed distinct clusters and did not match any currently available reference sequence. Cluster  Belitung I from macaques formed a sister group to all other Dirofilaria. Cluster  Belitung II included bird filariae and primate filariae of the genus Mansonella as close relatives. The cluster  Sabah formed a monophyletic group with the zoonotic species D. asiatica and Dirofilaria sp.  Thailand. DNA of Wolbachia endobacteria was detected in Mf of  Belitung I and  Sabah, but not in  Belitung II. These findings highlight the limited understanding of filarial diversity in macaques and cats in Asia and underscore the need for a more comprehensive approach that combines morphological and molecular data to identify and assess the pathogenicity and zoonotic potential of these parasites.

Author summaryFilarial worms are parasitic nematodes that infect humans and animals and are often transmitted by the same vector mosquito. We identified three molecularly undescribed filarial species while investigating animals as reservoirs for the agent of lymphatic filariasis, Brugia malayi on Belitung Island, Indonesia, and in Sabah, Malaysia. Blood samples were collected from Indonesian macaques and Malaysian pet cats. Out of 163 macaques, 20.2% tested positive for exceptionally large microfilariae (Mf) of an unclassified Dirofilaria-like species (Belitung I). Another filarial species ( Belitung II) with very small Mf, but with a remarkably high density of 17,150 Mf/mL was detected in one macaque. Two cats harbored medium sized Mf of a Dirofilaria species (Sabah). Genetic analysis revealed unique phylogenetic clusters that did not match any reference sequence. Dirofilaria sp.  Sabah was closely related to the zoonotic D. asiatica complex, whereas  Belitung I clustered as a sister group to Dirofilaria.  Belitung II Mf clustered next to but not within the Mansonella spp. cluster. DNA of Wolbachia endobacteria was only detected in Mf of  Belitung I and  Sabah. These findings highlight the limited understanding of filarial diversity in animals and underscore the need for a comprehensive approach that combines morphological and molecular data to identify and assess the pathogenicity and zoonotic potential of these parasites.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Diekmann, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Supali, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahmat, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Destani, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iskandar, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugianto, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mutlip, M. H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aziz, N. A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibrahim, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitreva, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer, P. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.09.704775</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mitochondrial genomes of individual microfilariae: Undescribed Dirofilaria-like filariae from Malaysian cats and two filaria species related to Dirofilaria and Mansonella from Indonesian macaques]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.09.704913v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In virio secondary RNA structure analysis of influenza A virus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.09.704913v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The genome of influenza A viruses (IAV) consists of eight distinct gene segments that need to be packaged into new virions. Although this process is thought to be controlled by specific RNA-RNA interactions between segments, few studies have identified the RNA structure inside virions and performed functional validations on these structures. Using high-throughput probing techniques such as SHAPE-MaP and DMS-MaPseq, we mapped the secondary structure of the A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (PR8) IAV genome. We discovered 173 putative structural motifs in both packaging and central regions of all segments. Fifteen motifs were selected for functional studies by introducing synonymous mutations to destabilize the predicted structure and assessing viral fitness. Synonymous mutations in three predicted RNA structures within the packaging signals of NP and PB1 attenuated virus replication in vitro. Interestingly, combining structural changes in multiple motifs within the packaging signals enhanced viral attenuation, supporting the idea of synergistic structural contributions to viral fitness. In contrast, structural synonymous mutations in RNA secondary structures outside packaging signals had no impact on virus replication in vitro. Overall, our findings revealed several new RNA secondary structures within the packaging signals of IAV gene segments that play a critical role in the IAV life cycle.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Joshi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, L.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.09.704913</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In virio secondary RNA structure analysis of influenza A virus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.07.704566v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
When attention falters: brain, breathing, and behavioral signals of lapses in interoceptive attention 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.07.704566v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mind{square}body practices like meditation and yoga, which are widely used to support mental health, involve paying attention to internal bodily sensations like the breath. During these practices, individuals often report "interoceptive lapses," moments when attention drifts away from the body. While lapses in attention to the external world have been widely studied, far less is known about physiological and neural signals that temporally predict when attention to internal sensations falters. Interoceptive lapses may share markers with exteroceptive attention lapses--such as reaction time variability and changes in default-mode network (DMN) connectivity--but may also depend on distinct brain systems and breathing physiology. To test these possibilities, we examined behavioral, physiological and neural changes preceding lapses in a convenience sample of 93 adolescents with depressive symptoms. Participants performed a 20-minute breath counting task in the fMRI scanner with simultaneous breath recordings. Lapses were defined as moments when counting errors occurred. The sample was split into a training and validation sample, and machine learning models predicting attentional lapses were tested. The strongest predictors were timing and variability of button responses (AUCs > 0.75). Breathing variability and breathing-behavior coupling showed smaller but generalizable predictive value (AUCs < 0.65). Whole-brain connectivity models also predicted lapses (AUC {approx} 0.65) and incorporated regions within the DMN, dorsal, and ventral attention networks--overlapping with systems implicated in exteroceptive attention-- as well as the somatomotor network. Further, models that included brain connectivity marginally outperformed behavior-only models. Together, these findings suggest that interoceptive lapses reflect both shared mechanisms with exteroceptive attention failures and additional contributions from brain systems involved in bodily representation and sensory pathways. Although generalizability is limited by the clinical sample and absence of an exteroceptive comparison task, these results highlight candidate brain-body markers of interoceptive attention that may inform real-time monitoring during mind-body interventions and improve understanding of interoceptive disturbance in affective disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Treves, I. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaffer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Decker, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaffe, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tierney, A. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Auerbach, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Webb, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.07.704566</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[When attention falters: brain, breathing, and behavioral signals of lapses in interoceptive attention]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.08.704666v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
thematicGO: A Keyword-Based Framework for Interpreting Gene Ontology Enrichment via Biological Themes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.08.704666v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundGene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis is a widely used approach for interpreting high-throughput transcriptomic and genomic data. However, conventional GO over-representation analyses typically yield long, redundant lists of enriched terms that are difficult to apply to biological problems and identify the most relevant biological pathways.

ResultsWe present thematicGO, a customizable framework that organizes enriched GO terms into biological themes using a curated keyword-based matching strategy. In this approach, GO enrichment of differentially expressed genes is performed using the g:Profiler Application Programming Interface (API), followed by the score aggregation within each theme from contributing individual GO terms. Side-by-side interpretation against conventional GO annotation workflows demonstrates that thematicGO captures related biological outcomes but at the same time substantially reduces redundancy and improves readability. To enhance accessibility, we implemented an interactive, web-deployed graphical user interface (GUI) that enables users to upload gene lists and explore thematic enrichment results.

ConclusionthematicGO simplifies functional enrichment analysis by bridging the gap between granular GO term outputs and higher-level biological interpretation using a theme concept, which can be especially useful for RNA-seq studies that identify differentially expressed genes. The new approach complements an orthogonal standard GO enrichment technique with transparent, theme-based aggregation and comparison against classical GO annotation approaches. thematicGO provides an easy, understandable, and reproducible tool for transcriptomic studies, particularly those involving RNA-seq data and complex biological responses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sudlow, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berezin, M. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.08.704666</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[thematicGO: A Keyword-Based Framework for Interpreting Gene Ontology Enrichment via Biological Themes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.09.704931v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PEhub resolves the hierarchical regulatory architecture of multi-way enhancer hubs in the human brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.09.704931v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromatin interaction assays capture regulatory architecture as stochastic pairwise contacts, limiting the ability to resolve how multiple enhancers cooperatively regulate transcription. Here we introduce a promoter-centric quantitative framework, termed PEhub, that resolves multi-way enhancer hubs as higher-order regulatory units from chromatin interaction data. By reparameterizing stochastic pairwise ligation events into promoter-conditioned enhancer networks, our approach explicitly models synergistic enhancer cooperation while accounting for distance-dependent interaction decay through a statistically principled null model. Using H3K27ac HiChIP data, we identify promoter-anchored enhancer hubs and validate their physical existence with single-molecule Pore-C, demonstrating that inferred hubs correspond to bona fide multi-way chromatin assemblies. Application to six human brain regions reveals that enhancer hubs are associated with elevated transcriptional output and exhibit a hierarchical organization spanning shared, circuit-specific, and region-restricted regulatory programs. This architecture hierarchically stratifies genetic risk and transcription factor deployment, linking three-dimensional genome organization to transcriptional control and disease-associated variation. Together, this promoter-centric framework provides a generalizable strategy for resolving higher-order regulatory architecture from 3D genome data and establishes multi-way enhancer hubs as a functionally and genetically meaningful layer of transcriptional regulation in complex tissues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.09.704931</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PEhub resolves the hierarchical regulatory architecture of multi-way enhancer hubs in the human brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.09.703122v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A framework for reparative CAR T engineering in the CNS 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.09.703122v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have shown remarkable therapeutic promise in hematological malignancies and, more recently, in autoimmunity. They also hold considerable potential for neurodegenerative diseases and CNS injury, where the therapeutic objective shifts from cell depletion to immune modulation and tissue repair. Using ischemic stroke as proof-of-concept, we engineered MOG-targeting CAR T cells to dissect how distinct CAR designs shape the CNS microenvironment. CD4/CD8 CAR T cells (a mixture of CD4 and CD8 subsets) proliferated robustly and efficiently infiltrated the ischemic hemisphere, but induced broad immune recruitment and exacerbated neuroinflammation. In contrast, CD4 restricted CAR T cells markedly reduced immune infiltration, reprogrammed microglia, and minimized inflammatory activation. We engineered CD4 CAR T cells to secrete brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to determine whether they could be redirected toward a reparative, non-cytotoxic phenotype. CD4 BDNF-CAR T cells further attenuated inflammation, reduced immune infiltration, and promoted the expansion of regulatory T cells. CD4 BDNF-CAR T treated mice showed significantly improved gait performance following stroke. Together, these findings establish a cellular framework and outline principles for engineering reparative CAR T platforms for neurological diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shalita, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben Yehuda, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boskovic, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frid, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuznetsov, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsoory, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalchenko, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brenner, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazuz, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Majzner, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kipnis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amit, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.09.703122</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A framework for reparative CAR T engineering in the CNS]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.10.704887v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ancient DNA reveals early use of melons in China's Song Dynasty 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.10.704887v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Melon (Cucumis melo L.) domestication is thought to have occurred independently once in Northeast Africa and twice in India, but archaeobotanical seed remains point to a possible additional domestication in China. Because Cucumis seeds are difficult to diagnose morphologically, genomic data from archaeological material are needed to evaluate these scenarios and reconstruct ancient melon traits. We sequenced two Song Dynasty melon seeds from Shuomen Gugang (China), recovering 4.6x and 1.7x nuclear genome coverage. Nuclear and chloroplast analyses place both seeds within cultivated C. melo from China, supporting introduction from the broader Asian domestication pool rather than independent Chinese domestication. To assess whether these seeds carried traits associated with sweet dessert melons, we examined loci underlying fruit phenotypes. Neither seed carried alleles for orange flesh; one harbored an allele linked to yellow/orange peel, the other possessed alleles associated with green flesh and reduced acidity. Since wild melons are monoecious, the presence of the derived andromonoecy allele in one seed, associated with rounder fruit shape, suggests early selection on fruit morphology. Together, these findings indicate that Song Dynasty melons were likely consumed as fresh or culinary fruits rather than as sweet dessert melons. Their flesh coloration resonates with Song-period aesthetic sensibilities, exemplified by jade-green celadon ceramics frequently crafted in melon-shaped forms. By anchoring East Asian archaeobotanical remains within modern melon genomic variation, this study provides a temporal framework for melon dispersal into China and shows how ancient genomics can illuminate past crop use.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Walker-Hale, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez-Escobar, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bendahmane, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preick, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westbury, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofreiter, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaefer, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chomicki, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renner, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.10.704887</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ancient DNA reveals early use of melons in China's Song Dynasty]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.10.705195v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A cell-nonautonomous heme acquisition pathway enables erythroid hemoglobinization under stress 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.10.705195v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Heme, an iron-containing cofactor, is synthesized in mitochondria by an eight-enzyme pathway. Although cells were thought to manage heme autonomously, over 1,000 proteins contribute to its production, transport, and regulation. During terminal erythroid differentiation, mitochondria are discarded yet hemoglobin production continues, implying a cell-nonautonomous heme supply. We show that, under stress, erythroblasts import heme through the permease Heme Responsive Gene 1 (HRG1), which localizes to the plasma membrane and accumulates during stress erythropoiesis, the emergency program that expands red cell output. HRG1 loss impaired heme uptake, inhibited terminal erythroid differentiation, and caused anemia. In {beta}-thalassemic mice, partial HRG1 loss reduces ineffective erythropoiesis, underscoring the importance of balanced heme import. These findings reveal intercellular heme sharing and identify HRG1 as a potential therapeutic target in hemoglobinopathies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Belot, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rock, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dutt, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haemmerle, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maros, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Otsuru, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bodine, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamza, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.10.705195</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A cell-nonautonomous heme acquisition pathway enables erythroid hemoglobinization under stress]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.10.704909v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cellular Aging Signatures in the Plasma Proteome Record Human Health and Disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.10.704909v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aging is asynchronous across cells and organs, but whether plasma proteins can capture cell type-specific aging and predict disease and mortality remains unknown. We developed machine learning models to estimate the biological age of more than 40 distinct cell types--spanning neuronal, immune, glial, endocrine, epithelial, and musculoskeletal origins--using over 7,000 plasma proteins measured in 60,000 individuals across three cohorts, comprising the largest human plasma proteomics aging study to date. Individuals showed heterogeneous aging profiles, with 20-25% exhibiting accelerated aging in a single cell type and 1-3% across ten or more cell types. APOE genotype showed antagonistic aging effects in different cell types: APOE4 carriers exhibited older astrocytes but younger macrophages, while APOE2 carriers showed the inverse. Cellular aging signatures were uniquely associated with disease status and predicted incident disease and mortality over 15 years of follow-up. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) showed the strongest association with skeletal myocyte aging (hazard ratio = 12.7 for extreme accelerated versus youthful aging). In Alzheimers disease (AD), prevalent cases showed accelerated aging across multiple neural and peripheral cell types, with extreme astrocyte aging conferring AD risk comparable to APOE4 carrier status. Moreover, extreme astrocyte aging increased AD risk in APOE4/4 carriers threefold, while youthful astrocytes strikingly reduced risk. Beyond neurodegeneration, respiratory cell aging identified smokers at 58% higher lung cancer risk, and myeloid aging identified normoglycemic individuals at higher diabetes risk. Both specific cellular vulnerabilities and cumulative aging burden influenced survival, wherein youthful immune or neuronal profiles were protective. A polycellular aging risk score provided robust mortality risk stratification across platforms and cohorts. These findings establish a framework for quantifying biological aging at the cellular resolution using plasma proteomics, revealing heterogeneity in aging trajectories and their impact on disease susceptibility and resilience.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ding, D. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bot, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Groves, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palovics, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masuda, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farinas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, H. S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>The Global Neurodegeneration Proteomics Consortium (GNPC),</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cruchaga, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isakova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schott, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wyss-Coray, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.10.704909</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cellular Aging Signatures in the Plasma Proteome Record Human Health and Disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.11.704864v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MassID provides near complete annotation of metabolomics data with identification probabilities 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.11.704864v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC/MS) is a powerful tool in metabolomics research, generating tens-of-thousands of signals from a single biological sample. However, current software solutions for unbiased assessment of metabolomics data analysis are limited by complex sources of noise and non-quantitative metabolite identifications that make results difficult to interpret. Here, we present MassID, a cloud-based untargeted metabolomics pipeline that aims to overcome the innate challenges of unbiased metabolite analysis and perform end-to-end data processing, transforming raw spectra to normalized and identified metabolite profiles. MassID incorporates a suite of software functionalities, including deep learning-based peak detection and comprehensive noise filtering. In addition, with MassID we introduce a novel software module: DecoID2 that enables probabilistic metabolite identification for false discovery rate (FDR)-controlled metabolomics. When applied to a human plasma dataset, MassID results in near-complete signal annotation, identification of >4,000 metabolites (including >1,200 compounds at an FDR <5%) across four complementary LC/MS runs, and enables integrated downstream analyses to understand biochemical dysregulation at both the molecular and pathway level. When compared to the Metabolomics Standards Initiative (MSI) confidence levels, identification probability generally correlated with MSI levels. However, only 356/418 of MSI Level 1 compounds were identified with <5% FDR and the remaining 884 FDR < 5% compounds were identified from MSI L2-L3 compounds, highlighting the enhanced specificity and discovery potential achieved by MassID.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stancliffe, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gandhi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guzior, D. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acharya, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richardson, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patti, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.11.704864</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MassID provides near complete annotation of metabolomics data with identification probabilities]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.11.705165v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intellectual disability risk gene RFX4 regulates cortical neurogenesis by restraining neuronal differentiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.11.705165v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite the recent identification of RFX4 as a neurodevelopmental disorder risk gene, its role in cortical development remained unclear. Here, we identified both shared and lineage-specific RFX4 requirements for human cortical development using new human stem cell models of deficiency and pathogenic mutation. We found that RFX4 restrains neurogenesis by acting cooperatively with NOTCH signaling, specifically repressing pro-neuronal and synaptic gene expression in neural progenitors. We also determined that genome-wide binding of RFX3, another neurodevelopmental disorder risk gene, depends upon RFX4 to regulate synaptic gene expression. Furthermore, we identified lineage-specific functions for RFX4 in regulating proliferation during cortical inhibitory neuron development. Ultimately, we demonstrated that RFX4 deficiency persistently dysregulates neuronal gene expression through neuronal differentiation and disrupts cortical neuron stratification in organoid models. These consequences were absent in neurons generated by direct differentiation, confirming that neuronal phenotypes resulted from unconstrained neurogenesis. Finally, we modeled pathogenic missense mutation of the RFX4 DNA-binding domain. While this mutation strongly reduced DNA binding, it dysregulated synaptic gene expression distinctly from our deficiency models, supporting pathogenic mechanisms distinct from haploinsufficiency. Together, this work identified both shared and lineage-specific requirements for RFX4 during cortical development, building a necessary foundation for elucidating the etiology of RFX4-associated disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kroll, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Determan, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chapman, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crump, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batool, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malik, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gujral, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchser, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valentine, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sentmanat, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jetter, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.11.705165</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intellectual disability risk gene RFX4 regulates cortical neurogenesis by restraining neuronal differentiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.12.705594v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Multimodal Single-Cell Epigenomic and 3D Genome Atlas of the Human Basal Ganglia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.12.705594v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The basal ganglia are a group of forebrain nuclei critical for motor control and reward processing, and their dysfunction contributes to neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we present the first multimodal single-cell epigenomic atlas of the human basal ganglia across major subregions and cell types. We jointly profiled DNA methylation and 3D chromatin conformation in 197,003 nuclei from eight basal ganglia subregions using multi-omic sequencing (snm3C-seq), and integrated these data with existing DNA methylation and chromatin conformation sequencing datasets to build a unified atlas of 261,331 cells spanning 31 subclasses and 59 groups. This atlas reveals extensive cell-type- and region-specific differential methylation, enriched for distinct transcription factor motifs, and validated by MERFISH spatial transcriptomics, which uncovered epigenetic gradients linked to transcriptional output. Compared to neuronal cells, non-neuronal cells exhibit distinct 3D genome organization including smaller chromatin compartments, increased long-range inter-compartment contacts, shorter loops, and stronger CG hypomethylation in A compartments. We further identified genes that display compartment switches, are strongly correlated with compartment scores, and exhibit differential domain boundaries and chromatin looping across basal ganglia cell types. We identified multiple medium spiny neuron subtypes defined by distinct hypomethylated signature genes, with 3D genome embeddings emphasizing dorsal, ventral, and hybrid populations. By integrating chromatin accessibility and histone modification profiles, we reconstructed cell-type-resolved enhancer-promoter links and gene regulatory networks, providing a comprehensive epigenomic framework for interpreting genetic risk loci and regulatory architecture in the human basal ganglia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ding, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baez-Becerra, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rink, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartlett, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castanon, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nery, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osgood, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Owens, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petrella, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acerbo, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barcoma, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russo, K. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knutson, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willier, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barragan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arzavala, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altshul, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soma, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Velazquez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schenker-Ahmed, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sundaram, G. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manning, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bikkina, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>OConnor, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liem, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marrin, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rose, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alt, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berry, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kern, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boone, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hariharan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>L</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.12.705594</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Multimodal Single-Cell Epigenomic and 3D Genome Atlas of the Human Basal Ganglia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.13.705760v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Satellite Glial Cells Control Sensory Neuron Excitability via the Release of Fibulin-2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.13.705760v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pain remains a major clinical challenge, with current therapies often limited by low efficacy and adverse effects. While excitability of sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) is central to pain signaling, accumulating evidence highlights the importance of non-neuronal cells in modulating neuronal activity. Here, we identify satellite glial cells (SGCs) as a source of Fibulin-2, an extracellular matrix glycoprotein with diverse roles in nervous system development and repair. Using SGC primary cultures and mass spectrometry, we demonstrate that Fibulin-2 is secreted by SGCs in part via extracellular vesicles. Electrophysiological functional assays reveal that application of recombinant Fibulin-2 to cultured sensory neurons reduces neuronal excitability by modulating Kv4-mediated currents. In vivo, loss of Fibulin-2 leads to reduced Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 expression and heightened mechanical, heat and cold sensitivity in mice. Our findings uncover a novel SGC-sensory neuron signaling mechanism modulating pain sensitivity, suggesting Fibulin-2 as a potential therapeutic target for pain management.

HighlightsO_LIFibulin-2 is secreted by cultured SGCs
C_LIO_LIFibulin-2 reduces sensory neuron excitability and firing frequency
C_LIO_LIFibulin-2 acts by modulating Kv4-mediated potassium currents
C_LIO_LILoss of Fibulin-2 heightens mechanical, heat and cold sensitivity in mice
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ansari, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosen, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomsen, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klyachko, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cavalli, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.13.705760</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Satellite Glial Cells Control Sensory Neuron Excitability via the Release of Fibulin-2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.14.705860v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fully T2T pedigree assemblies reveal genetic stability and epigenetic plasticity of human centromeres across inheritance and cell-fate transitions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.14.705860v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Centromeres are essential chromosome components yet remain poorly understood due to their highly repetitive sequence architecture. Using fully-phased telomere-to-telomere diploid assemblies from a three-generation pedigree integrated with long-read epigenomes from matched peripheral blood mononuclear cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and neural progenitor cells, we generate allele-resolved single basepair resolution maps of centromere genetic and epigenetic dynamics across inheritance, reprogramming, and differentiation. We show that centromeric dip regions (CDRs), which define the functional core of centromeres, are positionally stable across generations and cell-fate transitions. In contrast, CDR epigenetic architecture is highly dynamic. Reprogramming markedly attenuates CDR hypomethylation, which is partially restored during differentiation in parallel with global hypomethylation of active alpha-satellite arrays and coordinated changes in nucleosome organization and protein occupancy. Centromeric remodeling is insulated from X-chromosome status, including Xa, Xi, and erosion. Finally, de novo mutations arising during reprogramming are enriched in centromeric regions but depleted within functional centromeric cores.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cechova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loucks, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vijayalingam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neilson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sentmanat, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macias-Velasco, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomlinson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belter, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stitziel, N. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miga, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.14.705860</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fully T2T pedigree assemblies reveal genetic stability and epigenetic plasticity of human centromeres across inheritance and cell-fate transitions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.13.705784v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Assessing positive selection in centromere-associated kinetochore proteins across Metazoan groups. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.13.705784v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Centromeres are comprised of long stretches of repetitive DNA that evolve rapidly in organisms across the tree of life. Consistent selfish centromere evolution can also have cascading effects - driving rapid evolution in interacting kinetochore proteins - possibly to maintain centromere-kinetochore compatibility. Effects of selfishly evolving centromeres on interacting proteins are most heavily studied in the inner kinetochore and assembly proteins including the constitutive centromere-associated network proteins CENP-A and CENP-C with some exploration of the extended effects to other kinetochore-associated protein complexes. While rapid evolution of the centromere has been broadly studied in many organisms, studies assessing positive selection in centromere-associated kinetochore proteins have largely focused on Drosophila. Here, we tested the hypothesis that signatures of positive selection would be present in outer kinetochore and condensin genes in diverse animal groups. We selected two protein complexes -the Condensin I complex and the Mis12 Complex - to test for positive selection in parasitic wasps, two groups of ray-finned fishes (including the amazon molly an asexual diploid exempt from centromere drive), and two groups of primates. We did not find selection using any test in any protein in the amazon molly but did find sporadic positive selection in proteins in both complexes across all groups.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Healey, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheikh, S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camel, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forbes, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sterner, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beck, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.13.705784</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Assessing positive selection in centromere-associated kinetochore proteins across Metazoan groups.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.16.706201v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pioneer and Altimeter: Fast Analysis of DIA Proteomics Data Optimized for Narrow Isolation Windows 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.16.706201v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Advances in mass spectrometry have enabled increasingly fast data-independent acquisition (DIA) experiments, producing datasets whose scale and complexity challenge existing analysis tools. Those same advances have also led to the use of narrow isolation windows, which alter MS2 spectra via fragment isotope effects and give rise to systematic deviations from spectral libraries. Here we introduce Pioneer and Altimeter, open-source tools for fast DIA analysis with explicit modeling of isolation-window effects. Altimeter predicts deisotoped fragment intensity as a continuous function of collision energy, allowing a single spectral library to be reused across datasets. Pioneer re-isotopes predicted spectra per scan and combines an intensity-aware fragment index, spectral deconvolution, and dual-window quantification for fast, spectrum-centric DIA analysis. Across instruments, experimental designs, and sample inputs, Pioneer enables high-confidence identification and precise quantification at scale, completing analyses 2-6x faster and maintaining conservative false-discovery rate control.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wamsley, N. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilkerson, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Major, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldfarb, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.16.706201</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pioneer and Altimeter: Fast Analysis of DIA Proteomics Data Optimized for Narrow Isolation Windows]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.16.706240v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechano-activation of synovial fibroblasts and macrophages during OA progression in the dynamically stiffening synovial microenvironment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.16.706240v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveDuring osteoarthritis (OA) progression, the synovial membrane undergoes profound structural and compositional remodeling and fibrosis. We sought to elucidate how evolving synovial microenvironmental mechanics during fibrotic remodeling influence cell behavior and drive the progression of synovial pathology.

MethodsSkeletally-mature male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). To control for surgical confounders, both sham-operated and unoperated mice were included, with evaluation at 4- and 8-weeks. Synovial micromechanics were quantified via atomic force microscopy (AFM). Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and flow cytometry were employed to investigate cellular heterogeneity, spatial organization, and crosstalk within fibrotic and non-fibrotic synovial niches.

ResultsProgressive fibrotic remodeling and marked matrix stiffening were observed in DMM-operated synovium but absent in sham- and un-operated controls. While both sham and DMM joints mounted an acute stromal and immune response to surgery, these changes resolved over time in sham conditions but persisted in DMM synovium. During disease progression, distinct functional subsets of synovial fibroblasts and immune cells emerged, with mechanosignalling pathways and distinct immune cell-fibroblast crosstalk robustly activated within DMM-induced fibrotic microenvironments.

ConclusionThis study demonstrates the complex cellular dynamics and crosstalk that differentiate the evolution of the pathological synovial response in the fibrotic DMM condition relative to surgical sham controls. Our findings highlight mechanotransduction as a central mechanism driving OA synovial pathogenesis and underscore the utility of the DMM model as a platform to dissect the molecular underpinnings of synovial fibrosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farrell, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burt, K. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwok, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knights, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharp, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kahn, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maerz, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mauck, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scanzello, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.16.706240</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechano-activation of synovial fibroblasts and macrophages during OA progression in the dynamically stiffening synovial microenvironment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.17.706216v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phylogenetic estimation of diversity-dependent biogeographic rates using deep learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.17.706216v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ecological theory predicts that local species richness can influence biogeographic rates of speciation, extinction, and dispersal. For instance, increasing the number of competing species within a region may cause local speciation and dispersal rates to decrease but local extinction rates to increase, inducing a carrying capacity for local species richness. In this article, we introduce a fully generative, event-based phylogenetic diversification model, called DDGeoSSE, that allows diversity-dependent effects of local species richness to modulate biogeographic rates of diversification and range evolution. DDGeoSSE can accommodate and test a variety of alternative diversification scenarios that involve positive, negative, and neutral interactions among sympatric species for speciation, extinction, and dispersal. We derive mathematical and statistical properties of biogeographic outcomes generated by this model, such as the carrying capacity for a clade at equilibrium, which we validate through simulation. Because diversity-dependent phylogenetic models typically do not have tractable likelihood functions, we use deep learning with phyddle to perform parameter inference and model selection. Separately applying DDGeoSSE to Caribbean Anolis lizards and cloud forest-dwelling Viburnum plants, we find evidence that local species richness plays a significant role in shaping diversification dynamics for both clades.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Soewongsono, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landis, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.17.706216</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phylogenetic estimation of diversity-dependent biogeographic rates using deep learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.17.706326v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Kinetics of local C3 production orchestrates neutrophil recruitment in lung injury 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.17.706326v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Complement component 3 (C3) is crucial for host defense against bacteria. While the liver is the primary source of circulating C3, local C3 production at barrier surfaces such as the lung is key in early responses. Yet, how local complement-mediated responses are initiated at mucosal barriers is unknown. This study investigates the kinetics and necessity of lung-derived C3 during the initial hours of an infection. Using models of bacterial pneumonia in ex vivo-perfused human lungs and mice deficient in liver-derived C3, we demonstrate that intrapulmonary C3 production and activation precedes the accumulation of circulating C3 into the bronchoalveolar space. Utilizing mice deficient in lung-derived C3, we demonstrate that epithelial cell-derived C3 is required for early neutrophil recruitment in pneumonia. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses reveal that neutrophil chemotactic pathways such as C5a and CXCL2 depend on lung epithelial cell-derived C3. These findings demonstrate how lung epithelial-derived C3 influences early mucosal responses to infection via both canonical (direct) and non-canonical (indirect) pathways.

SUMMARYAlburquerque et al show an initial, entirely local phase of complement-mediated mucosal protection before a subsequent, systemic response occurs in the setting of barrier disruption. Their work suggests that complement component C3 derived locally at a barrier from the epithelium influences early responses to infection by recruiting neutrophils via multiple pathways independent of circulating C3.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aponte Alburquerque, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nallapu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Starick, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Etesami, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukherjee, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozanturk, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vazquez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garnica, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gelman, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belperio, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kulkarni, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffmann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kulkarni, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.17.706326</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Kinetics of local C3 production orchestrates neutrophil recruitment in lung injury]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.18.706631v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fusion Loop Modified and Mature Dengue Virus Elicits Protective Serum with Minimal Antibody Dependent Enhancement 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.18.706631v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A balanced and safe vaccine against all four-dengue virus (DENV) serotypes is urgently needed. Although the currently licensed DENV vaccines demonstrate efficacy, they also raise concern about vaccine-associated disease enhancement, particularly in DENV-naive individuals. The conserved, immunodominant fusion loop (FL) epitope is the target of cross-reactive, weakly neutralizing antibodies (Abs) which are associated with antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). Previously, we developed D2-FLM, a highly mature DENV2 strain containing modification in the FL epitope making it unrecognizable to FL-Abs. Here, we grafted the FLM modification to another serotype and adapted them to replicate in Vero cells for live-attenuated vaccine (LAV) manufacturing while retaining favorable antigenic profiles, generating two new strains: D2-vFLM and D4-vFLM. Deep sequencing revealed mutations at the junction of envelope domains I and II (EDI and EDII) that appeared during adaptation of the engineered FL in mammalian cells. Importantly, both D2-vFLM and D4-vFLM showed no evidence of ADE in the presence of FL-targeting Abs. Sera from D2-vFLM immunized mice displayed strong homotypic and reduced heterotypic neutralization compared to wild-type viruses, with minimal to no ADE potential in vitro. Moreover, D2-vFLM immunization completely protected AG129 mice from lethal challenge with mouse-adapted D220. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the FLM modification platform is transferable across serotypes and yields strains with favorable immunogenicity and reduced ADE risk. Our FLM approach provides a promising path toward the development of a safer tetravalent DENV LAV.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dalben, Y. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adler, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meganck, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duenas, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snoderly-Foster, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tse, L. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.18.706631</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fusion Loop Modified and Mature Dengue Virus Elicits Protective Serum with Minimal Antibody Dependent Enhancement]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.18.706626v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hypoxic stress granules trigger immunogenic dormancy in lung cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.18.706626v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Induction of the MHC class I antigen processing and presentation pathway (C1APP) is a critical part of the IFN-{gamma} response necessary for effective cytotoxic immunity against tumors of epithelial origin1,2. Loss of this response is associated with worse disease outcomes and renders patients refractory to immunotherapies3-6. Without C1APP induction, tumor cells cannot optimally process and present immunopeptides from tumor-associated antigens (TAA) and neoantigens to effector cytotoxic T cells7-9. Here, we show that physiologic levels of hypoxia block induction of the immunoproteasome (IP) and other C1APP components in cancer cells, including human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In A549 cells, this leads to impaired presentation of more than 73% of detectable immunopeptides, including TAA and neoantigen-derived immunopeptides. This effect is independent of HIF-1 or HIF-2 signaling, protein degradation, autophagy, or stimulus type. Instead, hypoxia induces translational arrest of C1APP mRNAs prior to complete monosome loading, along with sequestration into hypoxia-associated stress granules. This phenomenon is reversible with the epitranscriptomic compound 5-azacytidine. Consistent with these findings, IP expression is excluded from hypoxic regions in most human NSCLC tumors. Together, these results link tumor hypoxia to a state of "immunogenic dormancy" and identify stress granules as a previously unrecognized mechanism of immune escape.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Smith, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramos, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panchal, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cerkezi, N. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spruce, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fazelinia, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maggi, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mailloux, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.18.706626</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hypoxic stress granules trigger immunogenic dormancy in lung cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.20.707058v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discovery and dynamic pharmacology of μ-opioid receptor positive allosteric modulators 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.20.707058v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Opioid agonists such as morphine and fentanyl exert analgesic effects by binding and activating the {micro}-opioid receptor ({micro}OR), yet agonism of the {micro}OR causes a slate of serious side effects. {micro}OR-mediated addiction and respiratory depression are the major causes of the current opioid overdose crisis, largely driven by the explosion in illicit use of fentanyl, a potent opioid receptor full agonist. Given these serious side effects (and high resulting societal cost), molecules that act as analgesics with distinct mechanisms of action are of great interest. Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of the {micro}OR have the potential to avoid many off-target side effects of conventional opioid orthosteric agonists by enhancing the signaling properties of natural opioid peptide systems. We used a DNA-encoded chemical library screening approach to selectively discover active-state-specific {micro}OR PAMs. Two out of 3 selected prospective PAMs displayed the anticipated enhancement in agonist activity. The most effective of these compounds enhanced the activity of all orthosteric opioid agonists tested, including the native opioid peptide met-enkephalin. Little is known about the underlying dynamic basis of allosteric modulation of Family A GPCRs like the {micro}OR. To that end, we used single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer experiments to detail the impact that our novel {micro}OR PAM has on the dynamic activation behavior of a key region on the intracellular face of the receptor. Our results here provide both a new chemical scaffold that acts as a {micro}OR PAM and detailed pharmacological and dynamic insights into its mechanism of action.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>O'Brien, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanguturi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shiimura, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Appourchaux, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishna Kumar, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Majumdar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Traynor, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Streicher, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kobilka, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.20.707058</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discovery and dynamic pharmacology of μ-opioid receptor positive allosteric modulators]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.20.706841v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantitative dissection of the metastatic cascade at single colony resolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.20.706841v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. However, the core determinants and mechanistic principles underlying the metastatic cascade remain elusive. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with exceptional metastatic potential and limited therapeutic options. Here, we present Metastasis Originated Barcode Sequencing (MOBA-seq), a high-throughput in vivo platform that systematically maps genetic regulators across the metastatic cascade at single-colony resolution. MOBA-seq integrates scalable barcode-based lineage tracing with a computational pipeline that quantitatively deconvolutes genotype-specific effects on metastatic seeding, dormancy, and clonal expansion across hundreds of thousands of metastatic events. Applying this approach to more than 400 candidate regulators of SCLC, we uncovered tissue-specific metastatic suppressors and universal metastatic essential genes. We identified metastatic seeding as the predominant determinant of metastasis. Comparative analysis across recipient mice of distinct genetic backgrounds further revealed that innate immune surveillance constrains metastatic progression by reducing metastatic seeding and enforcing dormancy, with additional modulation by sex and tissue context. We validated the frequently mutated gene CREBBP as a key metastasis suppressor whose loss enhances SCLC metastasis through both tumor-intrinsic and immune-modulatory mechanisms. This work establishes a scalable and quantitative platform for mapping the metastatic fitness landscape at single-colony resolution across hundreds of thousands of in vivo data points. Our approach offers a broadly applicable framework for dissecting the interactions between cancer-intrinsic and microenvironmental factors governing tumor initiation, progression, and therapeutic response.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roberts, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Visani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, I. C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunterman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giles, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guppy, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stegh, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.20.706841</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantitative dissection of the metastatic cascade at single colony resolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.22.707197v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Zinc excess promotes lysosome remodeling by activating HLH-30/TFEB through the action of the high zinc sensor HIZR-1. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.22.707197v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Zinc is an essential element that plays many roles in animals. Since excess zinc is toxic, animals have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to achieve homeostasis. A conserved mechanism is to store excess zinc in specialized lysosomes, which contributes to zinc detoxification and provides a supply when zinc becomes limiting. In C. elegans excess zinc conditions promote an increase in lysosome-related organelles called bilobed granules. Defining how zinc-regulated transcription drives the observed lysosome remodeling is key to understanding zinc homeostasis processes. Here we describe a positively regulated zinc cascade controlled by hizr-1 and hlh-30/TFEB, which encode the C. elegans high zinc sensor and the master regulator of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway, respectively; essential for connecting excess zinc homeostasis to lysosome biogenesis and remodeling. Our transcriptomic, genetic, and bioinformatic studies indicate that hizr-1 and hlh-30 are necessary and sufficient to activate transcription of lysosome genes under excess zinc conditions. In our regulatory model, zinc binding activates HIZR-1 protein, which accumulates in the nucleus and activates genes containing the HZA enhancer, including hlh-30. HLH-30 protein accumulates in the nucleus and activates genes containing the E-box enhancer. Genetic analysis of loss-of-function mutants demonstrated that both hizr-1 and hlh-30 are necessary for animals to tolerate excess zinc. Furthermore, HLH-30 promotes the increase in the number of acidified compartments, whereas HIZR-1 promotes the increase in the volume of the expansion compartment. These results define a genetic pathway that responds to excess zinc by increasing the number of lysosome-related organelles and their capacity to store and detoxify cytosolic zinc.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cubillas, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deshmukh, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendoza, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneider, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herrera, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diwan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kornfeld, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.22.707197</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Zinc excess promotes lysosome remodeling by activating HLH-30/TFEB through the action of the high zinc sensor HIZR-1.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.23.707530v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A two-membrane gateway for monocarboxylates couples host glycolysis to Toxoplasma mitochondrial fitness and virulence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.23.707530v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intracellular pathogens must coordinate their metabolism with nutrient supplies from the host cell, yet the specific metabolites and transport pathways that sustain parasite bioenergetics remain incompletely defined. In the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, infection increases host glycolytic flux and elevates cytosolic lactate and pyruvate, suggesting that these intermediates are co-opted as carbon and energy sources. Here, we show that T. gondii imports host-derived lactate and pyruvate across both the parasitophorous vacuole membrane and the parasite plasma membrane to maintain mitochondrial function, extracellular survival, and acute virulence. Using a hexokinase knockout ({Delta}hk) to abolish endogenous pyruvate production, we find that parasites preserve basal oxygen consumption but become strictly dependent on exogenous monocarboxylates to stimulate mitochondrial respiration. By disrupting the parasite formate-nitrite transporters TgFNT1-3, we identify TgFNT1 and TgFNT2 as the principal monocarboxylate transporters required for lactate- and pyruvate-driven respiratory responses. Furthermore, genetic ablation of TgGRA17, a parasitophorous vacuole pore protein, compromises the growth advantage conferred by elevated exogenous lactate, implicating this pore as the entry route for host-derived monocarboxylates into the vacuole. Conversely, host cells lacking the monocarboxylate exporter MCT1 accumulate cytosolic lactate/pyruvate and enhance parasite growth, linking host monocarboxylate export to parasite fitness. When both endogenous pyruvate production and exogenous uptake are disrupted, parasites display severely reduced mitochondrial basal respiratory capacity, membrane potential, ATP levels, extracellular survival, and virulence in mice. Collectively, these findings define a dual-step pyruvate acquisition pathway in T. gondii and reveal host monocarboxylates as critical fuels that buffer parasite bioenergetic stress during infection.

Significance StatementIntracellular parasites rely on host nutrients to power their metabolism, yet the routes by which these metabolites cross the membranes between host cytosol and parasite mitochondria are not well defined. Here, we show that Toxoplasma gondii exploits host glycolysis by importing lactate and pyruvate to sustain mitochondrial function and virulence. We identify a two-step pathway in which these monocarboxylates cross the parasitophorous vacuole via the pore GRA17 and then enter the parasite through the formate-nitrite transporters TgFNT1/2. Blocking both endogenous glycolysis and this exogenous pyruvate supply disables parasite mitochondrial fitness, extracellular survival, and virulence. These findings reveal a fundamental strategy of metabolic plasticity in apicomplexan parasites using a multi-membrane nutrient gateway that couples host glycolysis to parasite bioenergetics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Key, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joseph, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.23.707530</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A two-membrane gateway for monocarboxylates couples host glycolysis to Toxoplasma mitochondrial fitness and virulence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.25.707959v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hyperglycemia and hyperfibrinogenemia alter Staphylococcus aureus abscess community morphology, antimicrobial susceptibility, and virulence in vitro. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.25.707959v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Staphylococcus aureus is a prevalent human pathogen responsible for an array of invasive infections, such as osteomyelitis and bacteremia, which may be life threatening, recurrent, and cause permanent tissue damage. S. aureus infections are exacerbated in patients with co-morbidities including obesity and type 2 diabetes (obesity/T2D) due to impaired immune function, which leads to chronic inflammation and poor healing. Immune dysfunction can be attributed to gut microbiome dysbiosis, characterized by altered community composition and abundance, with aberrant production of gut-immune axis metabolites. Alongside the heightened infection susceptibility exhibited by obese/T2D hosts, S. aureus adapts to the hyperglycemic and hyperfibrinogenemic host environment for robust colonization. S. aureus can persist in host tissues by forming staphylococcal abscess communities (SACs) encapsulated by a fibrin pseudocapsule that protect the bacteria from antimicrobials and immune cell killing. Our current work aims to investigate how S. aureus adapts to the hyperglycemic and hyperfibrinogenemic obese/T2D environment. Our data show that two S. aureus clinical isolates, USA300 FPR3757 and JAR06.01.31, utilize fibrinogen differently in obese/T2D-like conditions to form unique pseudocapsule structures. Furthermore, RNAseq data show that in obese/T2D-like conditions, S. aureus upregulates virulence and tissue invasion gene expression. Additionally, our data suggest that antibiotic susceptibility in obese/T2D-like conditions is affected by antibiotic size, charge and metabolic activity of S. aureus. Collectively, these investigations will elucidate the impact of hyperglycemia and hyperfibrinogenemia on S. aureus abscess formation in two clinically relevant strains and may inform future therapies for obese/T2D patients.

ImportanceType 2 diabetes associated with obesity creates a unique host environment that promotes the severity and persistence of Staphylococcus aureus infections. Elevated blood glucose and fibrinogen disrupt the normal immune response and create conditions that favor bacterial persistence and dissemination. S. aureus is an opportunistic pathogen capable of causing a broad spectrum of diseases ranging from skin infection to life threatening blood and bone infection. A critical step in its pathogenesis is the formation of abscesses, which shield the bacteria from immune clearance and antibiotic treatment. In this study, we demonstrate that the altered metabolic and inflammatory state of the obese diabetic host reshapes the way Staphylococcus aureus constructs these protective abscesses. We show that S. aureus modifies its use of host fibrin and adjusts its gene expression in response to high blood glucose and fibrinogen, thereby enhancing its ability to persist in host tissues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gill, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Britt, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markle, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gill, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ricciardi, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bui, T. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.25.707959</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hyperglycemia and hyperfibrinogenemia alter Staphylococcus aureus abscess community morphology, antimicrobial susceptibility, and virulence in vitro.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.24.707791v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
cGAS inhibition delays TDP-43-driven ALS Pathogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.24.707791v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder marked by motor neuron loss and cytoplasmic mislocalization of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), a key regulator of RNA splicing. However, the upstream modulators of this process remain poorly defined. Here we identify cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) as a central mediator of TDP-43 pathology and associated mis-splicing. cGAS expression was elevated in ALS patient brains and enriched across activated microglia. In human iPSC-derived microglia-motor neuron co-cultures, neuronal TDP-43 pathology triggered microglial cGAS activation, whereas pharmacological inhibition with a potent human cGAS inhibitor reduced phosphorylated TDP-43, restored lysosomal and phagocytic programs, normalized microglial reactivity, and reversed TDP-43-associated RNA splicing defects. In vivo, cGAS inhibition in TDP-43 Q331K mice reversed widespread RNA splicing abnormalities across neurons and oligodendrocyte lineage cells, attenuated neurodegenerative pathology, and preserved motor function. Together, these findings identify cGAS as a druggable upstream regulator linking innate immune signaling to TDP-43-dependent RNA mis-splicing and neurodegeneration, and establish cGAS inhibition as a promising therapeutic strategy for ALS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aikedan, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.-I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhagwat, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagiri, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, M. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norman, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coronas-Samano, G. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olah, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tilgner, H. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sinha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.24.707791</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[cGAS inhibition delays TDP-43-driven ALS Pathogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.25.707603v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mitotic bookmarking by Prox1 preserves mammalian neuronal lineage identity memory via promoting timely H3K27me3 restoration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.25.707603v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitosis poses a daunting challenge to transgenerational inheritance of cell identity memory. How neuronal lineage identity is faithfully transmitted across mitosis remains largely unexplored. Here we report that, in mouse hippocampus, the transcription factor Prox1 acts as a mitotic bookmark for safeguarding neuronal lineage identity across cell divisions. Prox1 exhibits mitotic retention in dentate gyrus (DG) neural stem cells and defines DG lineage identity by suppressing the alternative cornu ammonis (CA) identity. Mitotic bookmarking by Prox1 at key bivalent CA identity genes promotes timely and precise restoration of Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2)-mediated H3K27me3 deposition to avoid ectopic expression of CA identity genes and lineage identity crisis. Remarkably, specific mitotic retention-deficient Prox1 conditional knock-in mice produce severe DG developmental defects. Thus, mitotic bookmarking imprints neuronal lineage identity in mouse hippocampus, which is likely to represent a fundamental principle underlying the preservation of lineage identity memory in mammalian brain development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.25.707603</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mitotic bookmarking by Prox1 preserves mammalian neuronal lineage identity memory via promoting timely H3K27me3 restoration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.26.708260v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CD8+ T cells are primed by cDC1 and exacerbate tau-mediated neurodegeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.26.708260v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
There are changes in adaptive immunity in Alzheimers disease (AD) and increases in activated CD8+ T cells in brain correlate with tau pathology1-3. However, which cells mediate T cell priming in tau-mediated neurodegeneration remains unclear. In different conditions such as cancer, viral infections, and autoimmune diseases outside the CNS, conventional type-1 dendritic cells (cDC1) perform antigen cross-presentation to prime CD8+ T cells4,5. We demonstrate that tauopathy mice deficient in cDC1 are markedly protected against tau-mediated neurodegeneration and display a selective decrease in brain CD8+ T cell infiltration and glial reactivity. The remaining CD8+ T cells showed an antigen inexperienced status with less clonal expansion, indicating suboptimal T cell priming. We confirm that brain derived antigens are presented in secondary lymphoid tissues to prime CD8+ T cells. Our study identifies cDC1 cells as critical for CD8+ T cell priming outside the CNS. This priming is required for a large increase of activated CD8+ T cells in the brain which promotes tau-mediated neurodegeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, P. B.-c.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nulman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ohara, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yokoyama, W. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Artyomov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ulrich, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holtzman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.26.708260</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CD8+ T cells are primed by cDC1 and exacerbate tau-mediated neurodegeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.27.708512v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Glia regulate local retinoic acid levels to specify neuronal specialisation for high-acuity vision 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.27.708512v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurons of the same type can be differentially tuned to perform distinct functional roles, yet how such specialisation arises during development remains poorly understood. Here, we show that in the zebrafish retina, heterogeneity within a single glial population generates local gradients of retinoic acid (RA) signalling that fine-tune neural function within a single neuronal type. The acute zone (AZ), a ventro-temporal region of the retina, is specialised for prey capture in the upper frontal visual field. In this region, UV cones exhibit enhanced light sensitivity through elongation of their outer segments (OS), the cellular compartment responsible for phototransduction. We found that cyp26 genes, which encode RA-degrading enzymes, are expressed in Muller glia in a region-specific manner, and that this expression pattern closely matches the spatial variation in cone OS length. Inhibition of Cyp26 activity prevented OS elongation in the AZ. This effect is mediated by RA signalling, as direct activation of RA receptors using RAR agonists similarly reduced OS length in this region. Notably, inhibition of Cyp26 predominantly activated RA signalling in Muller glia rather than in cones, indicating that RA signalling regulates cone OS length in a cell-non-autonomous manner via Muller glia. Consistent with this model, blocking Muller glia genesis abolished cone specialisation across all regions of the developing retina. Together, these findings identify Muller glia as key regulators of cone functional specialisation through the spatial control of RA signalling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lahne, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lungu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snorton, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoshimatsu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacDonald, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.27.708512</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Glia regulate local retinoic acid levels to specify neuronal specialisation for high-acuity vision]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.02.708095v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MANF Clears Mutant Uromodulin in Human Kidney Organoids of Autosomal Dominant Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.02.708095v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease due to uromodulin mutations (ADTKD-UMOD) is one of the leading hereditary kidney diseases. Currently there is no targeted treatment. To illuminate human relevance of mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF)-based therapy, we have established patient induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived kidney organoid model carrying UMOD p.H177-R185del, the leading mutation causing ADTKD. We have discovered that MANF can directly bind and repress ER calcium release channel IP3R1, thus enhancing AMPK-induced autophagy in a TRIB3-dependent manner. The therapeutic implication of this finding may well be extended to other protein misfolding diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tycksen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kondepati, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kidd, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urano, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindahl, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bleyer, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singamaneni, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.02.708095</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MANF Clears Mutant Uromodulin in Human Kidney Organoids of Autosomal Dominant Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.02.709153v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Minimum inoculum of resistance assay for evaluating for anti-toxoplasmosis compounds that target phenyl alanine tRNA synthetase 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.02.709153v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Toxoplasma gondii is a globally important intracellular parasite, and treatment regimens are limited by the failure of drugs to target latent tissue cysts. Developing new candidates for treatment also needs to address the potential for resistance to arise. Here, we developed a Minimum Inoculum for Resistance (MIR) assay as a quantitative metric for evaluating inhibitors of T. gondii. The MIR assay, adapted from assays used in malaria drug discovery, measures the frequency for pre-existing resistance alleles by exposing different sized parasite populations to drug pressure. We profiled a series of bicyclic pyrrolidone analogs that inhibit phenylalanine tRNA synthetase (PheRS). We demonstrate that these inhibitors require higher inocula to lead to parasite resistance (up to > 108 parasites) in comparison with an inhibitor of DNA synthesis, and that MIR values vary across inhibitors with closely related chemical structures. Clonal analysis of resistant parasites emerging from MIR assays revealed both new and previously identified resistance conferring mutations in TgPheRS, and structural modeling revealed their potential impact the enzyme active site. The MIR assay provides a functional benchmark to compare new and existing inhibitors, allowing for rational prioritization of lead compounds with a high genetic barrier to resistance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Uddin, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mittal, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melillo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatterjee, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sibley, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.02.709153</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Minimum inoculum of resistance assay for evaluating for anti-toxoplasmosis compounds that target phenyl alanine tRNA synthetase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.02.709091v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Large-scale Perturbation of Systems Biology-Derived Genes Reveals Modifiers of HD-associated Transcriptomic Networks and Pathology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.02.709091v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In Huntingtons disease (HD), disease-driver genes are broadly expressed, but pathogenic players specific to vulnerable neurons remain poorly defined. Leveraging a previously defined mutant huntingtin (mHtt) CAG-length-associated gene network, we perturbed 115 module hub genes with heterozygous knockout (KO-het) to assess their striatal transcriptomic modifier effects in wildtype and Q140 HD mice. We generated 3,592 striatal RNA-seq datasets, mapped 6,517 perturbagen-responder gene pairs, and uncovered regulators of medium spiny neuron (MSN) identity gene expression and DNA- methylase/demethylase-sensitive genes. We developed a bioinformatic pipeline to rank the perturbations with significant impacts on striatal transcriptome and HD-associated gene networks in wildtype or Q140 mice. KO-het for FoxP1 and Scn4b (two MSN-selective genes) exacerbated, whereas Pdp1 KO-het ameliorated, Q140 striatal pathology. Importantly, knockdown of functionally opposing ion channels, SCN4B and KCNH4, dichotomously affected aggregation and neurodegeneration in reprogrammed HD patient MSNs. Together, our study rigorously evaluated systems biology-derived candidates to identify modifiers of HD-associated molecular networks and pathology, providing an in vivo perturbation- transcriptome resource and highlighting genes involved in MSN excitability, transcription, calcium signaling, and mitochondrial metabolism in HD pathogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Langfelder, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramanathan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, Y. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stricos, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plascencia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaca, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vogt, T. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horvath, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoo, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aaronson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosinski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.02.709091</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Large-scale Perturbation of Systems Biology-Derived Genes Reveals Modifiers of HD-associated Transcriptomic Networks and Pathology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.03.709398v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Defining the Antigenic Topology and Prospective Binding Breadth of Vaccination-induced SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.03.709398v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Antibodies that neutralize SARS-CoV-2 primarily target the viral spike glycoprotein, yet the breadth of these responses is continually challenged by viral evolution. While extensive structural studies have defined epitopes across the spike protein, how antibodies elicited by the initial mRNA vaccination campaigns perform against subsequently emerging variants remains an important question. Here, we structurally and functionally characterize a panel of early plasmablast-derived human monoclonal antibodies isolated following primary mRNA vaccination, targeting both the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and the N-terminal domain (NTD) of spike. Using cryo-electron microscopy, variant-binding analyses, and viral-fusion inhibition assays, we observe that antibodies directed against immunodominant regions of the RBD and NTD are highly potent but more frequently impacted by variant-associated mutations. In contrast, antibodies engaging a conserved hydrophobic pocket within the NTD exhibit broader reactivity and neutralize through distinct molecular mechanisms. Together, these findings extend prior structural studies of spike-directed antibodies by prospectively assessing the breadth of vaccine-elicited antibodies against later variants and identifying structural features associated with differential escape sensitivity. These results contribute to a growing understanding of how early vaccine-induced antibody repertoires relate to subsequent viral evolution.

One sentence summaryAntibody epitopes on SARS-CoV-2 spike determine prospective breadth and vulnerability to viral evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jaiswal, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altomare, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adelsberg, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sapse, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krammer, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simon, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellebedy, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bajic, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.03.709398</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Defining the Antigenic Topology and Prospective Binding Breadth of Vaccination-induced SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.04.709699v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Force-modulated structural landscape of the catch bonding F-actin crosslinker α-actinin-4 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.04.709699v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Catch bonds, noncovalent supramolecular interactions whose lifetimes are increased by force, are ubiquitous in mechanical signaling pathways. The structural mechanisms of catch-bonding proteins remain unclear, hampering efforts to decipher how they are dysregulated in disease and exploit them therapeutically. The crosslinker -actinin-4 (ACTN4) forms catch bonds with actin filaments (F-actin) to support the function of kidney podocytes, and its force-insensitive K255E variant causes autosomal dominant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), we find that wild-type ACTN4 engages F-actin in two modes, which biochemical experiments and molecular dynamics simulations assign as strong- and weak-binding states, while K255E ACTN4 only populates the strong binding state. By implementing a cryo-EM platform for applying tension across crosslinker-F-actin interfaces using myosin motors, we find that force promotes a weak-to-strong binding transition for wild-type ACTN4, consistent with a two-state catch bond model. Beyond providing mechanistic insight into how the K255E mutation disrupts ACTN4 F-actin catch-bonding in FSGS, this approach enables structural dissection of force-sensitive actin-binding proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chin, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukadum, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reynolds, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hocky, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alushin, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.04.709699</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Force-modulated structural landscape of the catch bonding F-actin crosslinker α-actinin-4]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.05.709895v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transitory enhancement of GATA2 chromatin engagement during early erythroid differentiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.05.709895v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Erythroid differentiation requires precise regulation of transcription factor binding to chromatin targets as hematopoietic progenitors relinquish multipotency and activate lineage programs. GATA2 maintains progenitor identity and is thought to be progressively silenced as GATA1 levels rise. However, the precise changes in GATA2 chromatin binding kinetics during this transition remain undefined. Here, we combined live-cell single-molecule imaging in cell lines and primary mouse progenitors with CUT&Tag chromatin profiling to define GATA2 activity during erythropoiesis. Single-molecule tracking resolved two interaction modes: short-lived (<1 s) searching interactions and long-lived (>5 s) binding. Surprisingly, early erythroid differentiation was characterized by a transitory strengthening of long-lived GATA2 chromatin engagement. This manifested as increased residence time of GATA2 bound to chromatin in G1E-ER4 cells and an expansion of the long-lived bound population in HPC7 cells and primary mouse progenitors. This transitory phase of enhanced engagement declined upon further differentiation. Genome-wide mapping identified regulatory elements selectively occupied by GATA2 during this early transition state, revealing promoter-proximal sites enriched for GATA/RUNX motifs and distal elements containing composite GATA/E-box signatures. Together, our imaging and chromatin profiling indicate that GATA2 chromatin engagement is kinetically remodeled at the onset of differentiation, with early recruitment targets partitioning into distinct promoter- and enhancer-associated subclasses. These results support a model in which transcription factor kinetics constitute a dynamic chromatin engagement layer that characterizes the GATA2-to-GATA1 transition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hobbs, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumari, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haque, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Victor, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steidl, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coleman, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.05.709895</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transitory enhancement of GATA2 chromatin engagement during early erythroid differentiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.04.709591v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Early Binding of Anti-Amyloid Antibodies to CAA Drives Complement Activation, Inflammation and ARIA in Mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.04.709591v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Anti-amyloid antibody treatment for Alzheimers disease is linked to Amyloid-Related Imaging Abnormalities (ARIA), including vasogenic edema (ARIA-E) and microhemorrhages (ARIA-H), especially in ApoE {varepsilon}4/4 carriers. To investigate mechanisms underlying ARIA, we examined the binding and temporal vascular effects of immunization with 3D6, the precursor to the anti-amyloid antibody bapineuzumab, in two aged Alzheimers disease amyloid mouse models. Acutely, 3D6 bound to cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), resulting in C1q binding and classical complement activation. Weekly short-term immunization over 7 weeks resulted in elevated CAA- and plaque-associated complement deposition, red blood cell extravasation and microhemorrhages, and was accompanied by significant transcriptomic changes in genes related to complement, inflammation, vascular dysfunction, and endothelial lipid responses. Longer-term dosing over 13-15 weeks further increased complement deposition and was associated with blood-brain barrier disruption, MMP-9 upregulation, and microhemorrhages, accompanied by reduced amyloid burden and modest CAA clearance. C3 levels correlated with microhemorrhage severity. Perivascular macrophages co-localized with complement-decorated CAA in 3D6-treated mice. These findings implicate complement activation as an early key driver of ARIA and suggest that therapeutic targeting of complement may reduce ARIA risk.



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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bathini, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schilling, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahfeld, J. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holtzman, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sado, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemere, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.04.709591</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Early Binding of Anti-Amyloid Antibodies to CAA Drives Complement Activation, Inflammation and ARIA in Mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.05.709931v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-omic profiling of human and mouse dorsal root ganglia enables targeted gene delivery to nociceptors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.05.709931v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chronic pain conditions are often driven by hyperexcitability of nociceptors, the peripheral sensory neurons that detect noxious stimuli. Recent single-cell transcriptomic studies have begun to clarify the molecular identity of distinct peripheral sensory neuron subtypes, but tools that restrict transgene expression to nociceptors while sparing other dorsal root ganglion (DRG) subtypes remain limited. Here, we combined single-nucleus multi-omic profiling of human and mouse DRG with in vivo AAV enhancer screening to identify cis-regulatory elements that drive biased AAV expression in mouse DRG nociceptors and human iPSC-derived nociceptors. We then validated that an enhancer AAV designed to express Kir2.1 preferentially in nociceptors reduces DRG neuronal excitability. Leveraging these multi-omic datasets, we trained a sequence-based model to decode the cis-regulatory logic of nociceptors, enabling both the prioritization of native candidate elements and the design of synthetic enhancers with a range of nociceptor targeting properties. Together, these cross-species multi-omic resources define conserved DRG regulatory programs and provide a viral toolkit for pain research with potential translational applications for patients with refractory pain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhatia, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhuiyan, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Semizoglou, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nam, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, X. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnhold, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griesemer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yong, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jayne, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilmer, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pantaleo, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jayakar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wainger, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hrvatin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renthal, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.05.709931</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-omic profiling of human and mouse dorsal root ganglia enables targeted gene delivery to nociceptors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.05.709934v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lysosomal Expansion Compartments Mediate Zinc and Copper Homeostasis in Caenorhabditis elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.05.709934v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Zinc is an essential transition metal that participates in many biological processes. In C. elegans, excess zinc is stored in lysosomes in intestinal cells; this process involves increasing the expression of the zinc transporter CDF-2 and remodeling of lysosomes characterized by an increase in the volume of the expansion compartment. To determine if this is a more general property, we investigated other metals. Here we report that lysosomes are remodeled in response to excess copper, manganese, and cadmium, with each metal causing an increase in the volume of the expansion compartment. Mutants with a reduced number of lysosomes were hypersensitive to growth retardation caused by excess copper and manganese, suggesting metal toxicity is prevented by metal sequestration in lysosomes. Using a novel method to analyze isolated lysosomes by X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy we demonstrated that zinc, copper and manganese are detectable in the lumen of lysosomes. To further analyze copper, we examined localization of CUA-1.1, a copper transporter that moves copper into the lumen of lysosomes. Like the zinc transporter CDF-2, CUA-1.1 localizes to both the acidified and expansion compartments in excess copper. These results indicate that the same intestinal lysosomes store zinc, copper and manganese. Lysosome remodeling characterized by an increase in volume of the expansion compartment is not specific to zinc but is a more general phenomenon during metal storage in lysosomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Armendariz, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rakow, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herrera, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herrera, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vogt, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jarvis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reese, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pezacki, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, B.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneider, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendoza, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kornfeld, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.05.709934</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lysosomal Expansion Compartments Mediate Zinc and Copper Homeostasis in Caenorhabditis elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.11.711126v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial transcriptomics for gene discovery identifies Slc13a5 as a modulator of bone mechanoadaptation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.11.711126v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bone is a dynamic tissue that continuously adapts its structure in response to mechanical loading, an essential process for maintaining skeletal health. However, this adaptive capacity declines with aging, contributing to increased fragility and fracture risk. Developing therapeutic strategies that preserve or restore bone mechanoadaptation in patients with increased bone fragility requires identifying key molecular regulators of this process. We applied spatial transcriptomics (GeoMx, NanoString) to characterize gene expression changes induced by mechanical loading in the murine tibia, focusing on periosteal and bone compartments in regions under tension and compression. Spatial data were validated and cross-compared with previously published bulk RNA-seq and laser-capture microdissection datasets, identifying a set of 12 genes consistently regulated by loading across independent platforms and laboratories. As part of a functional analysis, we selected Slc13a5, a citrate transporter implicated in bone mineralization and metabolism. Conditional deletion of Slc13a5 in osteolineage cells using Osteocalcin-Cre significantly increased the loading-induced mineralizing surface in tensile regions compared with Cre- Slc13a5fl/fl littermates. In addition, Slc13a5 cKO mice exhibited lower resorption around the neutral axis after loading compared to controls. Together, these findings identify Slc13a5 as a regulator of bone adaptation in regions experiencing low mechanical stimulation and suggest it as a potential therapeutic target for conditions characterized by impaired mechanoadaptive responses. This study highlights spatial transcriptomics as a powerful gene discovery framework for bone, enabling identification of novel targets to understand mechanisms and develop therapies.

Graphical Abstract

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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Meslier, Q. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beeve, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palomo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saleem, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eck, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawson, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shuster, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dirckx, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheller, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.11.711126</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial transcriptomics for gene discovery identifies Slc13a5 as a modulator of bone mechanoadaptation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.12.711193v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metabolites from plasma-like medium fuel nitrogen metabolism and influence proliferation in Leptospira interrogans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.12.711193v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Leptospirosis, caused by pathogenic Leptospira spp. such as L. interrogans, is a bacterial zoonosis of increasing prevalence with no consistently effective treatments in severe cases. We sought to characterize metabolic mechanisms that support L. interrogans infection in the host setting, with the ultimate goal of revealing unexplored therapeutic opportunities. We first established and validated a culture medium, which we refer to as supplemented Human Plasma-Like Medium (sHPLM). sHPLM more closely resembles the physiological environment of the human host than standard culture media, such as the EMJH (Ellinghausen-McCullough-Johnson-Harris) medium typically used for Leptospira culture. To better understand bacterial metabolism, we pioneered metabolomics in sHPLM-cultured Leptospira. Specifically, we developed a liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) metabolomics-based workflow for both medium analysis and stable isotope tracing with L. interrogans cultures. The application of these innovations revealed that the amino acid glutamine is a major nitrogen source for L. interrogans. A small-molecule inhibitor blocking glutamine utilization, JHU-083, effectively impaired the proliferation of sHPLM cultures. Further, adding glutamine to non-physiological EMJH medium rapidly induced a short-term proliferative boost in L. interrogans and increased biofilm formation. RNA-sequencing after glutamine exposure revealed transcriptional trends for increases in biosynthesis to support these phenotypes. Although ammonium has long been thought to be the sole nitrogen source for L. interrogans, our results demonstrate that glutamine provides a second source of nitrogen for biosynthesis and may act as a metabolite signal to alter L. interrogans physiology in ways that could influence infection. This work highlights that studying L. interrogans under physiological conditions is key to understanding mechanisms supporting infection and points to nitrogen assimilation as a potential target for therapies.

Author SummaryLeptospirosis is a potentially fatal disease transmitted through water and soil contaminated with pathogenic Leptospira bacteria. Much research is currently focused on the idea that an improved understanding of how Leptospira infects hosts and causes disease may inspire the development of improved therapeutics, which are urgently needed. Focusing on Leptospira interrogans, a clinically important pathogenic species, we determined that conventional growth media are inadequate for understanding how the bacterium behaves when inside hosts. Instead, we designed an optimized formulation to mimic human blood, and we applied an underutilized technique for measuring the biochemical reactions that enable pathogen survival. These two innovations revealed that L. interrogans uses glutamine, an abundant nutrient in host blood and tissues, as a source of nitrogen for the production of biomolecules that are required for replication and infection. This discovery is notable as nitrogen demands were previously thought to be met using ammonium. Treating L. interrogans with inhibitors of both glutamine and ammonium metabolism blocked bacterial replication. We also discovered that L. interrogans increases its growth rate, upregulates its expression of biosynthetic pathways when exposed to glutamine, and increases its formation of biofilm. Our results reveal the importance of glutamine in supporting the lifecycle of leptospirosis-causing bacteria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ward, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scherer, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shriver, L. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patti, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.12.711193</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metabolites from plasma-like medium fuel nitrogen metabolism and influence proliferation in Leptospira interrogans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.14.711762v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TMEM106B mediates ACE2-independent replication of the SARS-CoV-2 S-E484D variant in airway-derived cell models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.14.711762v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to cause significant respiratory disease, particularly in vulnerable populations. Although ACE2 is the primary receptor for viral entry, previous studies have identified a naturally occurring, ACE2-independent entry pathway in certain airway-derived cell lines. Utilization of this pathway depends on surface heparan sulfates and requires the E484D substitution within the receptor-binding domain of the viral Spike (S) protein. In this study, we expand the panel of airway-derived cell lines that support ACE2-independent, S-E484D-dependent replication and identify the host lysosomal transmembrane protein TMEM106B as a critical host factor for infection. Knockout of TMEM106B completely abolishes infection by SARS-CoV-2 SE484D in NCI-H522 and NCI-H661 cells. Moreover, ectopic expression of the luminal C-terminal domain (CTD) of TMEM106B-either alone or redirected to the plasma membrane - is sufficient to enable viral entry and infection in otherwise non-permissive cells. We further show that Fc-TMEM106B-CTD decoy protein blocks infection by SARS-CoV-2 SE484D, supporting a direct interaction between the S-E484D protein and TMEM106B-CTD. Finally, passaging experiments with a chimeric VSV-SARS-CoV-2 SE484D identify additional mutations within the heptad repeat 1 that enhance TMEM106B utilization and viral spread in the ACE2-independent cell models. Together, these findings demonstrate that TMEM106B is a key mediator of a naturally occurring ACE2-independent pathway in multiple airway-derived cells lines and suggest that variation in the Spike protein can expand receptor usage by SARS-CoV-2.

IMPORTANCESevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to acquire mutations in the viral spike (S) protein as it circulates in humans. How these mutations influence the cell and tissue tropism of SARS-CoV-2 remains poorly understood. While ACE2 is the canonical host cell receptor for SARS-CoV-2, previous studies revealed the presence of a naturally occurring ACE2-independent entry pathway in multiple airway-derived cell lines that can be utilized only by a SARS-CoV-2 variant bearing the E484D substitution within the viral S protein. Here we expand the airway-derived cell line models that support ACE2-independent and S-E484D-dependent entry and show that the host lysosomal transmembrane protein, TMEM106B, is an essential viral entry factor. Although the E484D substitution is currently rare in human isolates, our findings raise the possibility that small mutations in SARS-CoV-2 S can allow the utilization of alternative entry pathways that broadens its cell and tissue tropism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puray-Chavez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LaPak, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palakurty, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cornejo Pontelli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hui, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fremont, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamond, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whelan, S. P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Major, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldfarb, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kutluay, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.14.711762</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TMEM106B mediates ACE2-independent replication of the SARS-CoV-2 S-E484D variant in airway-derived cell models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.13.709972v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-channel-count neural recording and stimulation platform with 5,376 simultaneous recording channels 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.13.709972v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Advancing neural interfaces requires large-scale, high-density recording technologies capable of capturing full-spectrum neural activity across cortical and subcortical regions. Here, we present a scalable approach to integrate neural electrodes with advanced application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs). Specifically, we custom-designed an ASIC with 5,376 simultaneous channels, each sampling at 20 kS/s and enabling >1.3 Gb/s total data streaming throughput. The ASIC incorporates in-pixel amplification, time-division multiplexed ADCs, and on-chip stimulation capabilities, ensuring precise signal acquisition with minimal power consumption while maintaining a low noise level of 5.5 {micro}Vrms. We further developed an interconnect strategy using gold bump bonding, which allows for high-density integration of the flexible probe and rigid chip. We demonstrate the capacity of this platform through the integration with a flexible ECoG array. The resulting device allows for the high-resolution mapping of in vivo field potentials on the cortical surfaces of rat brains, supported by the precise localization of evoked sensory activities. These results prove an effective approach towards highly integrated neural interfaces with applications in brain-computer interfaces, neuroprosthetics, and large-scale functional brain mapping.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zolotavin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Topalli, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karlsson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karlsson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.13.709972</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-channel-count neural recording and stimulation platform with 5,376 simultaneous recording channels]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.16.711670v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
C9ORF72-derived polyGR polypeptides disrupt passive nucleocytoplasmic transport by tuning protein affinity for the nuclear pore barrier 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.16.711670v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nucleocytoplasmic partitioning is an essential determinant of eukaryotic cellular function, governed by the nuclear pore complex, a molecular portal filled by a disordered phenylalanine-glycine (FG)-rich phase that governs selective entry and exit. Disruption of nucleocytoplasmic partitioning is seen across many different diseases, including viral infection, cancer, and neurodegeneration. However, what determines whether a given protein mislocalises when nucleocytoplasmic transport is disrupted remains unknown. This question is central to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia (ALS/FTD), where cytosolic mislocalisation of the nuclear RNA-binding protein TDP-43 is a defining pathological feature. The most common genetic cause of these diseases is a G4C2 repeat expansion in the gene C9ORF72, which produces aberrant neurotoxic polypeptides that induce nucleocytoplasmic transport defects. Here, we show how the highly toxic poly(glycine-arginine/GR) polypeptide engages the nuclear pore FG-rich selectivity barrier and retunes passive nucleocytoplasmic transport according to client surface chemistry. Using coarse-grained simulations, in vitro FG-phase reconstitution and human cell lines and neurons, we find that polyGR produces a non-linear, biphasic modulation of nuclear pore passage. Proteins with low affinity for the FG phase are unaffected, whereas proteins with higher affinity due to solvent-exposed hydrophobic residues exhibit enhanced transport up to a critical threshold, beyond which highly hydrophobic proteins experience transport suppression, cytoplasmic accumulation and aggregation. Together, these findings establish how disease-associated polypeptides retune the physicochemical rules governing passive nuclear pore transport, leading to biphasic outcomes determined by protein surface chemistry that alter protein compartmentalisation and aggregation. This provides a biophysical mechanism by which polyGR drives selective protein vulnerability to nuclear pore dysfunction in C9ORF72-associated ALS/FTD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Solomon, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emenecker, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salcher-Konrad, M.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Konstantinidou, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Houghton, O. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wycherley, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Brien, N. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alcalde, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lourenco Cabaco, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruepp, M.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, H. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mizielinska, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.16.711670</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[C9ORF72-derived polyGR polypeptides disrupt passive nucleocytoplasmic transport by tuning protein affinity for the nuclear pore barrier]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.16.712198v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multicomplex Integrative Structural Modeling of a Human Histone Deacetylase Interactome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.16.712198v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) 1 and 2 are key enzymatic components in multiple large chromatin remodeling complexes including NuRD, SIN3, and CoREST. In addition, both HDAC 1 and 2 contain a large intrinsically disordered region (IDR) within their C-terminal domain (CTD). How HDAC1/2 assemble into these complexes and the structure of the CTD IDR remains poorly understood. Here, we used HDAC1/2 to isolate their protein interaction networks from cells and used crosslinking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) coupled with the Integrative Modeling Platform to build structural models of the NuRD, SIN3A, and CoREST complexes. Next, we implemented an AlphaFold-enabled XL-MS constrained modeling approach to investigate how HDAC1 could assemble into these complexes. We show that the CTD IDR of HDAC1 folds into alpha helices in these complexes. Finally, we built a complete integrative structural model of a NuRD subcomplex including the abundant HDAC1:MBD3:MTA1:GATAD2B:RBBP4 subunits, which included 6 IDRs. The approaches used herein are broadly applicable for the study of protein complexes and protein interaction networks that can provide important insights into IDRs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nde, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Majila, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmermann, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kempf, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cesare, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thornton, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Workman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Florens, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Viswanath, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Washburn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.16.712198</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multicomplex Integrative Structural Modeling of a Human Histone Deacetylase Interactome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.16.712174v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
VICAST: An Integrated Toolkit for Viral Genome Annotation Curation and Low-Frequency Variant Analysis in Passage Studies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.16.712174v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cultured virus passage studies are fundamental to understanding viral evolution, attenuation, and host adaptation, yet analyzing genomic changes across passages requires both accurate functional annotation of viral genomes and sensitive detection of low-frequency variants. Existing tools address these needs separately: automated annotation pipelines such as VADR and VIGOR4 perform well for well-characterized virus families but struggle with poorly-annotated or novel genomes, while variant calling pipelines designed for clinical diagnostics focus on consensus sequences rather than the low-frequency variants (3-50% frequency) that are biologically meaningful in passage studies. Here we present VICAST (Viral Cultured-virus Annotation and SnpEff Toolkit), an integrated software suite that combines semi-automated genome annotation with manual curation checkpoints and low-frequency variant calling optimized for viral populations. VICAST provides four annotation pathways to accommodate diverse genome annotation quality, including polyproteins, unannotated and multi-segmented genomes. It integrates with SnpEff for functional variant annotation and includes a BAM-level read co-occurrence module for haplotype validation. We validated VICAST using publicly available datasets from three virus families representing distinct analytical challenges: SARS-CoV-2 for polyprotein cleavage-aware annotation, Dengue virus 2 for standard flavivirus annotation and low-frequency variant detection, and Influenza A H1N1 for multi-segmented genome handling. Additionally, VICASTs annotation curation workflow has produced validated annotations not available from NCBI, including protein-level annotations for Chikungunya virus (NC_004162.2). These curated annotations have been incorporated into a custom SnpEff database distributed with VICAST, enabling immediate functional variant annotation for Chikungunya without requiring users to build the database from scratch. Benchmark comparisons with VADR demonstrate VICASTs advantages for passage study workflows, including 5.6-8.1 times faster processing and integrated contamination screening. VICAST is freely available at https://github.com/mihinduk/VICAST and distributed as both Docker containers and conda-based installations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Handley, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chica Cardenas, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mihindukulasuriya, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.16.712174</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[VICAST: An Integrated Toolkit for Viral Genome Annotation Curation and Low-Frequency Variant Analysis in Passage Studies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.17.712482v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Replicable generation of rhesus macaque iPSCs for in vitro modeling of genetic frontotemporal dementia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.17.712482v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
At the Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, we have identified a family of rhesus carrying the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) R406W mutation linked to frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Rhesus induced pluripotent stem cells (RhiPSCs) derived from these monkeys present a unique opportunity for in vitro modeling and comparison with cells derived from MAPT R406W human carriers. Here, we report the development of a reproducible method to generate RhiPSCs compliant with the standards of the International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR) to support in vitro modeling of FTD-MAPT R406W. Our stepwise approach identified efficient methods for fibroblast derivation, fibroblast reprogramming to RhiPSC, and RhiPSC maintenance over continued culture. To derive fibroblasts from MAPT wild type (WT) and R406W monkeys, a combination of manual processing and overnight enzymatic digestion was required to maximize the number of low passage fibroblasts available for reprogramming. Fibroblast reprogramming to RhiPSC using Sendai viral vectors versus oriP/EBNA1 episomal plasmids revealed the latter as most efficient. Electroporation conditions for oriP/EBNA1 reprogramming were optimized to maximize plasmid uptake and cell survival. Ultimately, eight RhiPSC lines were derived from 4 donor rhesus monkeys (n=2 WT, n=2 R406W; two clonal lines per donor) and fully characterized according to ISSCR standards. RhiPSC stemness and genetic stability was best maintained on mouse embryonic fibroblast feeders in Universal Primate Pluripotency Stem Cell medium, as opposed to Essential 12 medium supplemented with IWR1, which produced cytogenetic abnormalities. Rhesus neural progenitor cells were generated using a monolayer protocol and expressed PAX6 and NESTIN after 21 days of differentiation. Our reliable method will be useful to labs seeking to derive RhiPSCs for preclinical studies. Overall, the RhiPSCs generated from MAPT R406W carriers will be a critical resource for evaluating the molecular underpinnings of tau-related neurodegeneration across primate species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Colwell, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maufort, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makulec, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiorentino, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metzger, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simmons, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malicki, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karch, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marsh, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emborg, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.17.712482</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Replicable generation of rhesus macaque iPSCs for in vitro modeling of genetic frontotemporal dementia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.18.712565v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The osteoclast intracellular environment fosters bacterial growth during Staphylococcus aureus infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.18.712565v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bone infections, which are predominantly caused by Staphylococcus (S.) aureus, can be difficult to treat and have high rates of chronicity and reoccurrence. We previously identified that osteoclasts, the cells that break down bone matrix, may contribute to disease progression by allowing S. aureus to replicate intracellularly. There we identified that this bacteriums ability to grow intracellularly is tied to the maturation of osteoclasts. In this study we addressed whether osteoclast differentiation supports intracellular growth by changing the host cells response to infection or by altering the host cell environment to better support S. aureus. Using dual species RNA-sequencing we analyzed host and bacterial transcripts of infected osteoclast and precursor bone marrow macrophage (BMM) cultures. Host transcript analysis suggests that infected osteoclasts are slow to upregulate bacterial response genes compared to BMMs. We also identify that the S. aureus transcriptional response is primarily determined by the host cell type, and that bacteria in osteoclasts upregulate carbon metabolism genes compared to those inside BMMs. By utilizing intracellular survival assays on S. aureus mutants deficient in carbon metabolism and related pathways we determine that S. aureus require glycolysis, acetyl-CoA synthesis, and aspartate biosynthesis for proliferation inside osteoclasts, although bacteria can survive without them. With differentiation, osteoclasts increase glutamine uptake, and this metabolite is required for S. aureus intracellular growth. Taken together, these findings suggest that osteoclasts support S. aureus intracellular growth by providing nutrients required to replicate in the context of a blunted antimicrobial response.

IMPORTANCEInfectious osteomyelitis, bone infection, is frequently caused by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. Intracellular infection of cells that build bone, osteoblasts, and cells that resorb bone, osteoclasts, have been implicated in disease progression by providing a niche for immune evasion. While S. aureus in osteoblasts are largely quiescent, bacteria in osteoclasts proliferate and therefore may be a source of reemergent infection. Factors that promote this growth in osteoclasts are poorly characterized. In this study we find that osteoclasts have a diminished transcriptional response to infection and show that S. aureus acquire glucose and glutamine, which have high flux in osteoclasts, to support intracellular growth. We further observe that S. aureus in osteoclasts require aspartate synthesis to grow intracellularly. This work highlights the importance of host cellular metabolism for the intracellular fate of S. aureus as an added factor beyond the direct antimicrobial response.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>O'Connor, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhagat, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rohatgi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mbalaviele, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cassat, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veis, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.18.712565</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The osteoclast intracellular environment fosters bacterial growth during Staphylococcus aureus infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.17.712519v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Circulating miRNA-Protein Signatures Predict Outcomes in Pediatric Dilated Cardiomyopathy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.17.712519v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundPediatric dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a rare, progressive heart disease with variable outcomes that range from recovery to heart transplantation. To date, there are no prognostic biomarkers for children with DCM. Identifying circulating biomarkers that are associated with clinical outcomes is critical for personalized management.

MethodsmiRNAs were identified by RNA-seq, whereas proteins were identified by SomaScan(R). Machine learning methodologies were used to explore the predictive ability of circulating factors identified from serum samples collected at the time of presentation with acute heart failure.

ResultsThirty patients experienced poor outcomes (cardiac transplantation, mechanical circulatory support, or death) and 19 patients recovered left ventricular function. Distinct miRNA and protein signatures differentiated outcomes groups. Top candidate proteins (COL2A1, CXCL12, and ADGRF5) and miRNAs (miR-874-3p, miR-335-3p, miR-323a-3p) demonstrated strong discriminatory performance within the study cohort (recovered vs poor outcomes; Area Under the Curve of 0.92). Ingenuity Pathway Analysis implicates cardiac remodeling, fibrosis, and inflammatory signaling as central pathways differentiating patient outcomes.

ConclusionsCirculating miRNA and protein signatures at presentation identify a circulating molecular signature associated with divergent clinical trajectories in pediatric DCM. These findings support the potential utility of multi-omic biomarkers for early risk stratification and provide insight into mechanisms underlying divergent outcomes.

CLINICAL PERSPECTIVEWhat Is New?

O_LICirculating miRNA and protein profiles measured at presentation distinguish children with pediatric DCM who recover from those who progress to advanced heart failure.
C_LIO_LIA combined multi-omic biomarker demonstrated strong discriminatory performance in this cohort (AUC 0.92).
C_LIO_LIPathway analysis implicates extracellular matrix remodeling, fibrosis, and inflammatory signaling in children with adverse clinical trajectories.
C_LI

What Are the Clinical Implications?

O_LISerum-based molecular biomarkers may enable earlier risk stratification in children presenting with dilated cardiomyopathy.
C_LIO_LIMulti-omic integration may improve identification of pediatric patients at risk for transplantation, mechanical circulatory support, or death.
C_LIO_LIThese findings support further validation of circulating biomarker panels to guide personalized management in this rare disease.
C_LI

RESEARCH PERSPECTIVEWhat New Question Does This Study Raise?

O_LICan integrated circulating miRNA-protein signatures identify biologically distinct trajectories of recovery versus progression in children with dilated cardiomyopathy?
C_LIO_LIDo circulating molecular profiles reflect underlying disease mechanisms that determine divergent clinical outcomes in pediatric DCM?
C_LI

What Question Should Be Addressed Next?

O_LIDo the pathways identified by integrated miRNA-protein analysis (fibrosis, remodeling, and inflammation) play causal roles in determining recovery versus progression?
C_LIO_LICan multi-omic biomarkers be incorporated into prospective studies to improve early risk stratification and guide clinical management?
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vicentino, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karimpour-Fard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamza, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stauffer, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavine, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miyamoto, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lipschultz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sucharov, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.17.712519</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Circulating miRNA-Protein Signatures Predict Outcomes in Pediatric Dilated Cardiomyopathy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.18.712585v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A history of symbiosis impacts the host evolutionary trajectory in experimentally evolved amoebas 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.18.712585v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biological diversity driven by endosymbiosis arises from the intertwined evolution of microbes and their hosts. Each partner affects the fitness and therefore the evolution of the other. Here, we tested a further question: does the history of symbiosis affect evolution even after the partnership is dissolved? We analyzed phenotypic data from experimentally evolved strains of Dictyostelium discoideum hosts, each of which had had its symbiont removed, to study how their traits evolved. We found that host trait evolution was affected by the prior history of infection, specifically by which of three Paraburkolderia bacterial symbionts had been removed. Thus, symbionts affect not only current evolution but also generate path dependence that affects the subsequent evolutionary trajectories even after the symbionts are lost.

Impact statementThe evolution of partner dependence in host-microbial symbioses has fundamentally shaped biological diversity and ecosystem function. To examine variation in symbiont dependence in the social amoeba, we compared how different strains of Dictyostelium discoideum respond evolutionarily after the loss of their bacterial symbionts. We analyzed phenotypic data from experimentally evolved strains and found that the absence of different symbiont species leads to distinct changes in the subsequent evolution of key traits like cell proliferation, slug migration, and spore production. This research expands our current understanding of microbial symbiosis by revealing that symbiont species may impact the evolution of their hosts even after the symbiont is gone.

Data summaryWe used phenotypic traits data from our previous experimental-evolution dataset from the open-access repository Dryad (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.kkwh70s97). Scripts for the statistical analyses are available in a GitHub repository (https://github.com/jahanisrat/SymbiontLoss). The accompanying R project includes code to reproduce the graphs in the results section.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jahan, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larsen, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strassmann, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Queller, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.18.712585</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A history of symbiosis impacts the host evolutionary trajectory in experimentally evolved amoebas]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.18.712743v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeting MTHFD2 disrupts mitochondrial redox homeostasis and restores venetoclax sensitivity in acute myeloid leukemia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.18.712743v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
One-carbon metabolism is frequently dysregulated in human cancer including acute myeloid leukemia. However, the mitochondrial mechanisms by which one-carbon enzymes support leukemia survival and therapeutic response remain incompletely defined. Here, we report that the one-carbon metabolism enzyme MTHFD2 is a critical regulator of acute myeloid leukemia nucleotide metabolism, redox homeostasis, and disease progression. We show that genetic ablation of MTHFD2 suppresses acute myeloid leukemia cell proliferation in vitro and significantly delays leukemia onset in a genetically engineered mouse model, while sparing healthy hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell function. Stable isotope tracing demonstrates that MTHFD2 supports de novo purine synthesis and sustains mitochondrial NADH and NADPH production. Consistent with this role, MTHFD2 inhibition increases mitochondrial superoxide levels, and combined purine supplementation and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species neutralization rescues acute myeloid leukemia cell viability. We also demonstrate that the small-molecule inhibitor DS18561882 directly inhibits mitochondrial MTHFD2 activity and phenocopies genetic deletion. DS18561882 exhibits activity across a cohort of 60 primary AML patient samples, synergizes with venetoclax in treatment-naive acute myeloid leukemia, and restores venetoclax sensitivity in resistant AML models. These findings establish mitochondrial MTHFD2 as a genetically validated, therapeutically targetable metabolic vulnerability in acute myeloid leukemia and support targeting mitochondrial one-carbon metabolism to enhance and restore venetoclax response.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sokei, J. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>di Martino, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basse, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabriel, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>York, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arthur, N. B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldman, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferraro, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sykes, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.18.712743</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeting MTHFD2 disrupts mitochondrial redox homeostasis and restores venetoclax sensitivity in acute myeloid leukemia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.19.712965v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell-specific isotope labeling identifies myo-inositol transfer between neurons and oligodendroglia to support myelin repair 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.19.712965v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurons and glial cells are biochemically coupled through the exchange of nutrients, but our knowledge of which metabolites are transferred between them remains limited due to technical challenges. Here, we introduce a strategy to label specific cell types with isotopic tracers so that metabolite transfer can be measured directly in the intact brain. By engineering neurons in mice to metabolize 13C-labeled cellobiose, a glucose dimer that wild-type cells cannot catabolize, we selectively track neuron-derived metabolites by using mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. Applying this approach enabled us to identify myo-inositol as a critical metabolite synthesized by neurons and transferred to oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) via the SLC5A3 transporter. The transfer of myo-inositol from neurons to OPCs promotes OPC proliferation and differentiation by enhancing phosphatidylinositol synthesis and upregulating expression of myelin-associated genes. During demyelination, deficient nutrient transfer can be rescued by dietary supplementation of myo-inositol, which accelerates myelin repair. These findings establish a generalizable technology for tracing intercellular metabolite transfer in vivo and identify a previously unrecognized mechanism of myo-inositol transfer from neurons to glial cells in support of CNS regeneration, revealing a potential metabolic target for therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Adkins-Travis, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, M.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwaiger-Haber, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fowle-Grider, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shriver, L. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.19.712965</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell-specific isotope labeling identifies myo-inositol transfer between neurons and oligodendroglia to support myelin repair]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.19.712925v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Aberrant retinal structure and vasculature in mouse models of dominant retinopathies caused by CRX homeodomain mutations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.19.712925v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CRX is a transcription factor essential for photoreceptor differentiation and functional development. Two missense mutations in CRX homeodomain, CRXE80A and CRXK88N, are linked to early-onset dominant retinopathies. Molecular studies have revealed distinct profiles of perturbed gene expression in differentiating photoreceptors of knock-in mouse models, resulting from altered DNA binding activities of mutant CRX proteins. This study characterizes concurrent retinal and vascular alterations in knock-in mouse models. Fated cones are present in heterozygous and homozygous CrxE80A and CrxK88N mutants at birth, but subsequent cone differentiation is rapidly compromised. Expression of rod marker rhodopsin (RHO) is absent in CrxK88N/Nretinae but present in other mutants through adulthood. Notably, as compared to wildtype controls, RHO expression is prematurely activated in neonatal CrxE80A mutants. Among tested mutants, only CrxE80A/+retinae elaborate rod outer segments but still lose visual function by young adulthood. The presence of irregular retinal rosettes is a striking pathological phenotype in all mutants. Retinal rosettes displace the localization of inner neurons without affecting their cell numbers during retinal development. Retinal vessels develop close contact with rosette structures. In summary, disrupted photoreceptor differentiation leads to the loss of visual function and formation of retinal rosettes. The presence of retinal rosettes secondarily impairs the localization of inner neurons and vasculature. A deeper understanding of these cellular underpinnings will inform pathogenesis of CRX homeodomain mutations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfeifer, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Apte, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.19.712925</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Aberrant retinal structure and vasculature in mouse models of dominant retinopathies caused by CRX homeodomain mutations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.20.711195v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multimodal analysis of cell-free DNA identifies epigenetic biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis diagnosis and progression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.20.711195v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The role of the epigenome in age-related neurodegenerative disorders remains understudied. Here, we analyzed circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from blood to detect methylation changes as a liquid-biopsy for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Our study included 20 patients with sporadic ALS, 10 patients with C9orf72-associated ALS, 10 asymptomatic carriers of the C9orf72 repeat expansion mutation, and 21 non-disease controls. Following targeted enzymatic methyl-sequencing (EM-seq) of [~]4 million CpG sites, we detected numerous differentially methylated genes, including several implicated in ALS disease risk and pathogenesis. By integrating multiple epigenetic features, we delineated a distinct epigenetic signature, which achieved an average area under the curve (AUC) of 0.91 {+/-} 0.10 upon receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis, which enabled detection of [~]70% of ALS patients with close to 100% specificity. Furthermore, we also identified a set of genes whose methylation status significantly correlated with clinical disease progression and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurofilament levels. Our results reveal the potential of cfDNA-based biomarkers to accurately diagnose ALS and potentially predict disease progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>La Spada, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michels, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruf, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia Garcia, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnold, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shams, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickson, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petrucelli, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorst, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prudencio, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.20.711195</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multimodal analysis of cell-free DNA identifies epigenetic biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis diagnosis and progression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.20.713160v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inter-individual variation of cellular and gene-expression properties of the human striatum 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.20.713160v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human brain varies from person to person in ways that shape behaviors and vulnerabilities, yet the cellular and molecular bases for inter-individual variation are largely unknown. Here we describe an analysis of cellular and gene-expression variation in four key structures of the striatum complex - the caudate, putamen, nucleus accumbens, and internal capsule - as well as the prefrontal cortex, from single-nucleus RNA-seq analysis of 3.9 million nuclei from 178 adult brain donors. We found that people with more astrocytes in any one brain region tended to have this property in all brain regions sampled; the same was true of striatal interneurons, microglia, and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). OPCs showed attrition with age, declining in numbers by approximately 40% between age 30 and age 80 in both gray matter and white matter regions. We identified thousands of age-associated (but few sex-associated) variations in gene expression; the vast majority of these effects of age were cell-type-specific. Aging most strongly affected gene expression in projection neurons - especially striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs/SPNs) - and had a much smaller effect on gene expression in interneurons. Individuals ages could be predicted to within about five years based on RNA-expression patterns from any of the striatal cell types. Common genetic variants detectably affected the expression levels of some ten thousand genes; the great majority of these effects were cell-type-specific. These data will provide a foundation for exploring natural inter-individual variation, aging, and tissue-based studies of human brain vulnerabilities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Burger, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoo, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nemesh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muratoglu, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanderburg, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shakir, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mello, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rayan, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milidantri, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drouin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finn, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Budnik, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fritch, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genovese, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hogan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Catalini, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kashin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rockweiler, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wysoker, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macaisa, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reese, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flowers, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kraft, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleming, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coe, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunaratne, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spina, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crombie, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohsin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamitaki, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macosko, E. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ichihara, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCarroll, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.20.713160</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inter-individual variation of cellular and gene-expression properties of the human striatum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.21.712571v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metabolic specialization structures gut bacterial niches and drives colorectal cancer progression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.21.712571v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite the established association between the gut microbiome and colorectal cancer (CRC), the functional distinction between microbial passengers and drivers of CRC progression remains unresolved. Here, we collected stool, blood, as well as paired tumor, and normal mucosa tissues from seventy-seven CRC patients to characterize the systemic and localized impact of the gut microbiome on early- and late-stage CRC. By deep shotgun metagenomic sequencing, we identified distinct bacterial species and functions residing in tumor versus normal mucosa, highlighting an enrichment of oral-associated bacteria in tumor tissues. Several of these species remained undetected in the stool microbiome analysis. We further combined bacterial culturing with untargeted metabolomics of bacteria enriched in tumor and normal mucosa tissues, revealing distinct clusters of metabolic potential. Functional testing of multiple members from one cluster comprising both tumor- and mucosa-enriched species revealed Leptotrichia wadei as a pro-tumorigenic bacterium in a murine CRC model. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing and in vitro experiments further demonstrated that L. wadei and its secretome induces M2 macrophage polarization to promote tumor growth. Overall, our study shows that metabolic specialization structures microbial colonization niches, while species-specific metabolic outputs identify functional drivers of CRC progression, and uncovers L. wadei as an oncogenic bacterium in CRC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, L.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seelbinder, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, T.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sae-Ong, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Treibmann, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Damerell, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brobeil, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richter, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toriola, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shibata, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Byrd, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figueiredo, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hardikar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zielinski, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bleckmann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ni, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Correia-Melo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmermann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ulrich, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gigic, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panagiotou, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.21.712571</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metabolic specialization structures gut bacterial niches and drives colorectal cancer progression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.20.713166v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A postnatal human lung developmental atlas reveals windows of genetic vulnerability to chronic lung disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.20.713166v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
At birth, the lungs undergo an abrupt physiologic change, as the function of gas exchange transitions from the placenta to the lung. Subsequent postnatal development of the lungs is marked by a rapid and profound increase in the growth of the distal airways and alveolar gas exchange compartment. Insults during this period increase the risk of developing lung disease later in life, though how early-life events affect adult disease onset remains unclear. We generated a single-cell atlas of postnatal human lung development from birth through adulthood and mapped temporally regulated gene expression changes in each cell lineage. Using this atlas, we identified disease risk-associated genes with developmentally regulated expression. These analyses reveal cell type-specific and temporally restricted expression of genes associated with adult lung disease risk, including COPD. Heritability enrichment analysis demonstrated that COPD genetic risk is enriched in genes active during early postnatal endothelial development, linking early-life vascular maturation to adult disease susceptibility. These findings characterize the early window of susceptibility for adult chronic lung diseases and establish a framework to guide mechanistic studies of disease-associated genes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Planer, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morley, M. P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterson, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hallquist, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaefer, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carl, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandrasekaran, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cantu, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peranteau, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frank, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morrisey, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basil, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.20.713166</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A postnatal human lung developmental atlas reveals windows of genetic vulnerability to chronic lung disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.21.713391v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cross-Species Translation Enhances the Use of Mouse Models for Translatability and Drug Discovery in Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.21.713391v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alzheimers disease (AD) is a brain disease characterized by deposition of insoluble amyloid-{beta} plaque, intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles, and cognitive dysfunction. AD can be characterized as early-onset or late-onset based on age and genetic factors. For early-onset, these genetic factors can include amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin-1 (PSEN1), and presenilin-2 (PSEN2). For late-onset, these can include apolipoprotein E e4 (APOE4), and the R47H variant of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2). Mouse models incorporating these risk factors provide critical knowledge for studying AD pathology and preclinical studies for drug development. However, these transgenic mice depend on early-onset genetic mutations and are deficient in certain AD features that are present in late-onset. Here, we developed innovative non-linear and feature selection procedures for our cross-species translation framework, Translatable Components Regression (TransComp-R), to identify transcriptomic features in mouse models predictive of human late-onset AD pathobiology. We used the cross-species computational translatability links of TransComp-R to perform computational high-throughput drug screening and identified multiple repurposable drugs for AD treatment that targeted the sleep-wake cycle. We tested these predictions in an orthogonal, prospective cohort of human subjects treated with an orexin receptor antagonist, suvorexant. We correlated conserved protein-level biomarkers from our cross-species transcriptomics model with significant reductions in phosphorylated tau in cerebrospinal fluid collected from humans treated with suvorexant. This study demonstrates the power of computational methods like TransComp-R to enhance the utility of murine disease models for discovering new therapeutic approaches for AD.

One Sentence SummaryCross-species translation modeling across different mouse models reveals sleep-relevant drug mechanisms as potentially therapeutic for Alzheimers disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Park, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucey, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brubaker, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.21.713391</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cross-Species Translation Enhances the Use of Mouse Models for Translatability and Drug Discovery in Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.22.713521v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Synaptic Alterations Are Preceding the Axonal Loss in Optic Atrophy of Wolfram Syndrome Mouse Model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.22.713521v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Wolfram syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by antibody-negative early-onset diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, sensorineural hearing loss, arginine-vasopressin deficiency, and progressive neurodegeneration of the brainstem and cerebellum. It is caused primarily by pathogenic variants in the WFS1 gene, which encodes a transmembrane endoplasmic reticulum-resident protein involved in the unfolded protein response and cellular calcium homeostasis. Although multiple rodent models of Wolfram syndrome have been developed and shown to exhibit visual defects, some studies have reported significant vision loss prior to any detectable axonal degeneration or myelin abnormalities, and the mechanisms underlying these early visual deficits remain poorly understood. Recent in vitro studies have demonstrated altered synaptic contacts and aberrant neurite morphology in WFS1-deficient cerebral organoids and human iPSC-derived neurons, respectively. These findings prompted us to investigate, for the first time in vivo, whether synaptic and dendritic abnormalities occur in the retina of Wfs1 knockout mice. Using confocal microscopy, we examined retinal and optic nerve histology in Wfs1 knockout mice at 4 and 7 months of age. Our analysis reveals progressive synaptic alterations in the inner plexiform layer, driven by early presynaptic compartment failure. These changes represent the earliest detectable phenotype associated with vision loss in this model and precede overt axonal degeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gurram, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bimal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urano, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.22.713521</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Synaptic Alterations Are Preceding the Axonal Loss in Optic Atrophy of Wolfram Syndrome Mouse Model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.24.713916v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Coronavirus envelope protein drives iron sensing disorder by hijacking the TAp73-FDXR axis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.24.713916v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Iron overload is increasingly recognized as a critical contributor to coronavirus pathogenesis1, yet the underlying induction mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we uncover a fundamental pathway by which coronavirus drives IRP1 RNA-binding activity to induce iron accumulation2 via targeting the TAp73-FDXR axis. Specifically, coronavirus infection represses transcription of FDXR (encoding the key rate-limiting enzyme in host iron-sulfur cluster synthesis3), thereby impairing host iron-sulfur cluster generation to trigger the functional conversion of the cytosolic aconitase 1 (ACO1) into iron-regulatory protein 1 (IRP1)4, ultimately leading to the hosts persistently false perception of iron deficiency. We identify TAp73 as the primary transcription factor governing FDXR expression, and demonstrate that the coronavirus envelope protein (CoV-E) orchestrates TAp73 nuclear export. Subsequently, CoV-E binds TAp73 through a critical valine residue within its C-terminal PBM domain, inducing the K48-linked ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of TAp73. Furthermore, we developed a CoV-E-targeting molecule, DPTP-FC, which blocks CoV-E-TAp73 interaction via forming steric hindrance and effectively alleviates iron accumulation and tissue damage caused by PEDV, PDCoV, and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our study reveals the central role of the TAp73-FDXR axis in CoV-induced iron accumulation, highlighting CoV-E as an attractive antiviral target and DPTP-FC as a promising therapeutic candidate.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rong, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ran, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tong, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.24.713916</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Coronavirus envelope protein drives iron sensing disorder by hijacking the TAp73-FDXR axis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.23.713679v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Subunit selective modulation of GABAA receptors using pharmacogenetically tethered neurosteroids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.23.713679v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurosteroids are powerful endogenous modulators of inhibition and emerging therapeutics for anxiety, epilepsy, and mood disorders, yet their actions at defined receptor subtypes and within specific neuronal populations remain poorly resolved. Here, we engineer a neurosteroid DART (Drug Acutely Restricted by Tethering) platform to deliver neuroactive steroid (NAS) activity with cellular precision and receptor-subunit selectivity. From a screen of seventeen NAS analogs, we identified seven scaffolds suitable for further engineering, and we discovered that linker attachment at the steroid C11 position uniquely preserves NAS positive allosteric modulation of GABAA receptors, whereas C2 and C17 attachment abolished activity. C11-linked NAS-DARTs slowed IPSC decay kinetics and showed variable off-target modulation of NMDA and AMPA EPSCs. The lead DART compound, YX85.1DART.2, enhanced GABA-evoked currents in neurons expressing engineered 4/{delta}-containing GABAA receptors but spared {gamma}2-containing receptors. A complementary benzodiazepine DART BZP.1DART.2 showed the opposite selectivity. Together, these tools enable cell-restricted, subunit-resolved interrogation of neurosteroid action on inhibitory microcircuits and provide a strategy to dissect how distinct GABAA receptor subclasses contribute to circuit function and therapeutic outcomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kumar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shu, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chisari, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeong, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shields, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>TADROSS, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Covey, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zorumski, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mennerick, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.23.713679</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Subunit selective modulation of GABAA receptors using pharmacogenetically tethered neurosteroids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.25.714104v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NetTracer3D Enables User-Friendly Analysis of Diverse Microscopic and Medical 3D Datasets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.25.714104v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent advances in high-resolution imaging and spatial transcriptomics have enabled reconstruction of complex 3D tissue maps, providing unprecedented insights into cellular connectivity, organization, and tissue architecture. However, standardization challenges hinder integration, sharing, and analysis of these datasets across research communities. We developed NetTracer3D to simplify three-dimensional image analysis across diverse datasets. NetTracer3D is an integrated tool for defining, processing, and sharing 3D tissue maps with standardized data formats and interactive exploration capabilities. It provides three broadly applicable network analysis modalities: Connectivity networks for analyzing functional tissue units or cells connected via secondary structures such as nerves or vasculature; Branch Adjacency and Branchpoint networks for converting branched anatomical structures into analyzable representations; and Proximity networks for grouping structures by spatial relationships to identify cellular organization patterns. We demonstrate several use cases applying NetTracer3D to analyze multidimensional data from CODEX and label free Raman spectroscopy, multiscalar data encompassing subcellular and anatomical scales and a range of modalities. NetTracer3D was able to characterize neural relationships between functional tissue units in human and mouse kidneys and mouse bronchi. Branchpoint networks were used to identify vascular defects in human brain angiogram and define the innervation structure of a lymph node. Finally, we demonstrate how proximity networks characterize the tumor microenvironment in 3D light sheet cancer images and auto-detect cellular neighborhoods in multiplexed 2D CODEX datasets. Beyond network creation, NetTracer3D enables analysis, spatial statistics, and visual analytics tailored for volumetric tissue data. By establishing interoperable formats and analysis workflows, this work provides accessible and reproducible analytical tools for 3D spatial biology, enabling new discoveries of relationships between structure and physiology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McLaughlin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villazon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salamon, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamaguchi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sequeira-Lopez, M. L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyons, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.25.714104</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NetTracer3D Enables User-Friendly Analysis of Diverse Microscopic and Medical 3D Datasets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.26.714578v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Giant viruses encode vitamin K-based redox modules for lipid modification 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.26.714578v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Viruses with large DNA genomes often carry auxiliary metabolic genes that reprogram host physiology, yet their contributions to host redox and membrane homeostasis remains poorly understood. Here we report the discovery and functional reconstitution of viral homologs of vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR) encoded by giant viruses. Using phylogenetic and genomic context analysis, we find that viral VKOR genes are frequently located adjacent to {gamma}-carboxylase-like epoxidase and fatty acid desaturase domains, consistent with a putative modular redox pathway for membrane lipid modification. To investigate their function, we expressed viral VKORs in an Escherichia coli strain lacking disulfide bond-forming enzymes and examined both their membrane topology and activity. Remarkably, a minimal set of residue substitutions enabled proper membrane insertion and restored bacterial motility, demonstrating that viral VKORs are catalytically competent electron shuttles. Structural modeling supports their integration into the endoplasmic reticulum-like environment in the host. Finally, we show that VKORs and {gamma}-carboxylase-like epoxidase-desaturases from Fadolivirus and Yasminevirus giant viruses are expressed during infection of Vermamoeba vermiformis, where they may couple vitamin K epoxidation to desaturation-driven lipid remodeling. These findings expand the known functional repertoire of giant viruses and uncover a previously unrecognized viral strategy for manipulating host redox metabolism and membrane composition.

Significance statementViruses with large DNA genomes often encode metabolic enzymes that reshape host physiology, yet their ability to control host redox and membrane composition has remained unclear. We discovered that giant viruses encode a vitamin K epoxide reductase and associated enzymes that together form a putative redox module for lipid remodeling. We reconstituted viral VKOR activity in E. coli, demonstrating that these enzymes are catalytically active. We also detected their expression, at the RNA and protein levels, during amoebal infection by two giant viruses. Our findings reveal a previously unrecognized viral strategy for coupling vitamin K redox cycling to fatty acid desaturation. This work broadens our understanding of how giant viruses manipulate host redox homeostasis and membrane architecture during infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Collins, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreani, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chavez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rusch, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyd, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colson, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LA SCOLA, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landeta, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.26.714578</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Giant viruses encode vitamin K-based redox modules for lipid modification]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.28.714577v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
STING causes replication stress and nascent DNA degradation via SAMHD1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.28.714577v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
STING is a key innate immune adaptor, classically activated by cytosolic DNA via cGAS-cGAMP to induce type I interferon signaling. While its cytoplasmic role is well defined, recent studies reveal that STING participates in non-canonical signaling pathways and localizes at the nuclear envelope and chromatin, where its functions remain poorly understood. In Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS), a premature aging disease caused by expression of lamin A mutant protein named progerin, STING accumulates in the nucleus and drives chronic inflammation. Here, we show that replication stress (RS) is a trigger of STING nuclear accumulation and binding to chromatin. In addition, we uncover a previously unrecognized role for nuclear STING binding to nascent DNA and promoting RS in progeria and tumor cells. Mechanistically, STING contributes to replication fork slowing and stalling by limiting dNTPs availability. In addition, STING hinders replication fork protection/stability upon stalling, by facilitating MRE11-mediated nascent DNA degradation (NDD). We also find that STING contribution to depletion of dNTPs and NDD is mediated by SAMHD1. As such, SAMHD1 knockdown phenocopies STING abrogation in progeria cells and rescues replication fork speed and stability in STING-overexpressing tumor cells. These findings define a pathological STING-SAMHD1 axis that drives RS and genome instability in both progeria cells and tumor cells with elevated STING activity, uncovering a feedforward loop between innate immune signaling and impaired DNA replication.

HighlightsO_LIReplication stress in human fibroblasts triggers STING nuclear accumulation and an IFN response
C_LIO_LISTING upregulation and nuclear accumulation hinders replication in progeria fibroblasts and U2OS tumor cells
C_LIO_LISTING-induced replication stress features fork slowing/stalling and nascent DNA degradation
C_LIO_LISTING-induced fork slowing/stalling is mediated by the dNTPase SAMHD1
C_LIO_LISAMHD1-enabled MRE11 activity is responsible for STING-induced nascent DNA degradation
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Teodoro-Castro, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cancado de Faria, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shashkova, E. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malique, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adolph, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, L. N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.28.714577</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[STING causes replication stress and nascent DNA degradation via SAMHD1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.28.715045v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Synthetic circRNAs employ IRES activity for translation in cells and in cell-free translation systems 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.28.715045v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene regulation through translation is critical for spatiotemporal protein expression. Internal ribosomal entry sites (IRESes) mediate mRNA-specific translation by recruiting ribosomes to 5 untranslated regions. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), naturally occurring and stable RNA species, are increasingly used as synthetic tools for sustained therapeutic protein translation by IRES-driven initiation. However, the functionality of different IRESes in synthetic circRNAs remains sparsely characterized. We systematically examine circRNA reporter translation by viral and cellular IRESes in human cells and in diverse in vitro translation systems. Improved circRNA purification by urea-PAGE and RNase R-treatment removes contaminants that induce RNA sensing. Viral CVB3 and HCV, as well as cellular Hoxa9, Chrdl1, Cofilin and c-Myc IRESes, effectively drive circRNA translation. We also establish circRNA translation in an improved human cell-free extract that recapitulates IRES-dependent regulation, and allows for precise engineering of HCV IRES-mediated translation. These findings inform IRES selection for synthetic circRNA translation relevant for circRNA-based medicines.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Koch, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arendrup, F. S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narayanan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adam, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clamer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lund, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leppek, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.28.715045</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Synthetic circRNAs employ IRES activity for translation in cells and in cell-free translation systems]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.28.715030v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Charting the landscape of organellar genome evolution in eustigmatophyte algae 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.28.715030v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Organellar genomes are both a resource for reconstructing organismal phylogenies and interesting subjects for evolutionary studies. Herein, we focused on the organellar genomes of eustigmatophytes (eustigs), a class of the algal phylum Ochrophyta with a growing biotechnological potential, and massively expanded the existing limited sample by 51 new organellar genomes. Analyses of this large dataset provided a robustly resolved eustig phylogeny and important insights into the evolution of unique features of eustig organellar genomes. Eustig plastomes are rather stable in terms of the gene content and order, with only minor differences stemming from differential gene loss and rare lineage-specific gain. In contrast, eustig mitogenomes vary broadly in their gene order, the content of "accessory" genes, and substitution rates. Notably, the new data illuminated the origin of some of the organellar genes previously deemed eustig-specific. Thus, the plastid gene ycf95 most likely is an extremely divergent version of ycf35, and the mitochondrial genes orfX and orfY evolved, respectively, by rps4 duplication and extreme divergence of rps1 ortholog. Most interestingly, we identified five previously unrecognized orthogroups of mysterious mitochondrial orfs that are patchily distributed across eustigs yet likely evolved in the ancestor of this class. These orfs have no discernible homologs outside eustigmatophytes but are predicted to encode multipass membrane proteins with a soluble C-terminal domain. Finally, our results revise some of the previous conclusions regarding the mitochondrial translation in eustigs and suggest the recruitment of a group of unusual tRNAs for a translation-independent function in the genus Vischeria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Richtar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klapuchova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yurchenko, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fawley, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fawley, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barcyte, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaske, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolf, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sevcikova, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elias, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.28.715030</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Charting the landscape of organellar genome evolution in eustigmatophyte algae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.27.714788v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
WayFindR: Investigating Feedback in Biological Pathways 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.27.714788v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding biological pathways requires more than static diagrams. We present WayFindR, an R package that converts pathway data from WikiPathways and KEGG into graph structures using igraph, enabling computational analysis of regulatory features such as negative feedback loops. Rooted in control theory, negative feedback is essential for system stability, yet it is often underrepresented in curated pathway data.

In this study, we systematically analyzed pathway information from both databases across multiple species and found that feedback loops--particularly negative ones--are rarely captured. This gap likely reflects both biological and technical challenges. Biologically, feedback mechanisms are inherently complex and often remain uncharted due to limited experimental focus. Technically, pathway databases frequently lack standardized annotations and complete representations of regulatory interactions, especially inhibitory edges that are crucial for identifying feedback.

These observations underscore the need for improved data curation and consistent annotation practices to enhance our understanding of regulatory dynamics. By bridging the gap between static pathway diagrams and dynamic systems-level insights, WayFindR enables reproducible and scalable investigation of feedback regulation in cellular networks.

The WayFindR R package can be downloaded from the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN) (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/WayFindR/index.html). The processed data along with code for download can be accessed via the GitLab repository (https://gitlab.com/krcoombes/wayfindr).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bombina, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGee, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reed, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abrams, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abruzzo, L. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coombes, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.27.714788</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[WayFindR: Investigating Feedback in Biological Pathways]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.28.714985v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hapln1-HA signaling promotes progenitor cell proliferation and spinal cord regeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.28.714985v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adult zebrafish exhibit scarless repair and functional recovery following spinal cord injury. Their regenerative capacity is attributed to potent stem-like progenitors that mediate neuronal and glial repair. Zebrafish are thought to lack anti-regenerative extracellular matrix (ECM) components abundant in mammalian SCI, but the positive contributions of ECM to spontaneous spinal cord repair are less understood. By employing cross-species single-cell transcriptomics, we found the hyaluran modifying enzyme Hapln1 is upregulated in zebrafish progenitors but not in mouse progenitors following injury. Loss-of-function of hapln1a/b and ablation of hapln1+ cells reduce progenitor cell activation and hinder spontaneous recovery from injury. Using a series of in vivo and in vitro assays, we show that Hapln1 is required for hyaluran-cd44b mediated progenitor cell proliferation. This study reveals that, in addition to lacking anti-regenerative ECM components around SC lesions, zebrafish can also leverage pro-regenerative ECM molecules to enhance progenitor cell potency and promote repair.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saraswathy, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mcadow, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mokalled, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.28.714985</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hapln1-HA signaling promotes progenitor cell proliferation and spinal cord regeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.30.715320v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SnakeHichipTF reveals transcription factor logic underlying enhancer-promoter wiring in the human brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.30.715320v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Enhancer-promoter interactions are a central feature of gene regulation, yet the regulatory logic that governs their selective formation in complex tissues remains poorly understood. To address this gap, we developed SnakeHichipTF, a reproducible and scalable framework that integrates multi-engine HiChIP analysis with AI-based footprinting to decode the transcription factor (TF) logic underlying enhancer-promoter wiring. Applying SnakeHichipTF to HiChIP datasets from the human Middle Frontal Gyrus (MFG) and Substantia Nigra (SN), we identified distinct region-biased enhancer interactions associated with differential gene expression. MFG-biased interactions were enriched for cognitive and psychiatric associated GWAS traits, whereas SN-biased interactions preferentially intersected lipid and metabolic trait architectures. Integration of TF footprinting revealed that these region-biased interaction networks are governed by distinct TF programs: MFG-biased interactions preferentially recruited TFs linked to neuronal signaling and transcriptional activation, whereas SN-biased interactions were associated with metabolic and stress-responsive regulators. Interestingly, MFG-biased regulatory interactions were significantly enriched for Human Accelerated Regions (HARs), and HAR-associated genes showed elevated expression in humans relative to non-human primates, indicating that cortical enhancer wiring is embedded within evolutionarily modified regulatory elements. Together, by linking 3D chromatin architecture, TF logic, genetic risk, and evolutionary regulatory elements, SnakeHichipTF provides a general framework for dissecting the mechanistic basis of spatial gene regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Head, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.30.715320</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SnakeHichipTF reveals transcription factor logic underlying enhancer-promoter wiring in the human brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.01.715621v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell, clonal and spatial atlases of cranial placodes illuminate their specification and evolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.01.715621v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The vertebrate head is defined by complex sensory structures derived from cranial placodes. Placodes arise alongside the neural crest at the neural plate border, yet the mechanisms governing their identity, diversification, and evolutionary origins are unclear. We present an integrated single-cell, spatial, and clonal atlas of placode development to resolve the dynamics of their lineage segregation. Combining single-cell RNA-sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, and high-resolution clonal tracing, we show that placodal and neighboring progenitors form a continuous transcriptional landscape with gradual transitions between domains. Domain boundary cells co-express markers of adjacent territories, suggesting transient bipotent states. Consistent with this, clonal analysis reveals sharing of progenitors between neighboring placodes, supporting a model of competitive segregation. Comparisons with amphioxus suggests that vertebrate olfactory placodes emerged from an ancestral neuroectoderm that later partitioned into distinct neural and olfactory domains. Our findings provide a unified framework for understanding the developmental and evolutionary origins of vertebrate sensory organs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Murtazina, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fatieieva, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waern, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maunsell, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thawani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Semsch, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bostrom, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reagor, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kameneva, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Araslanova, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isaev, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schelb, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fried, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erickson, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klimovich, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Streit, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kutscher, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kozmikova, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kozmik, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersson, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlosser, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Groves, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adameyko, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.01.715621</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell, clonal and spatial atlases of cranial placodes illuminate their specification and evolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.01.715935v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeting the DNA damage repair protein RAD51 alters fibroblast metabolism and enhances apoptosis in pulmonary fibrosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.01.715935v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal lung disease characterized by aberrantly activated, apoptosis-resistant profibrotic lung (myo)fibroblasts. Prior research has demonstrated that lung fibroblasts from patients with IPF exhibit resistance to DNA damage, suggesting that this behavior contributes to their persistent survival and continuous proliferation. We propose that elevated levels of the DNA damage repair protein RAD51 regulate myofibroblast activation and apoptosis and provide a potential therapeutic target to impede fibrosis progression.

MethodsHuman lung fibroblasts were transfected with siRNA against RAD51 or treated with RAD51-specific inhibitor B02 and markers of fibrosis, DNA damage, apoptosis, metabolic reprogramming, and mitochondrial dynamics were assessed. The preclinical efficacy of B02 was evaluated in human precision cut lung slices (PCLS) and in a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis.

FindingsRAD51 expression was significantly upregulated in the lungs and lung fibroblasts of IPF patients. Knockdown or inhibition of RAD51 in fibroblasts reduced profibrotic marker expression, suppressed mTORC1 signaling and mitochondrial function, and increased apoptosis susceptibility. Pharmacological inhibition of RAD51 shifted the profibrotic phenotype towards a fibrosis-resolving state in human and mouse PCLS, and in a bleomycin-induced mouse model of lung fibrosis.

InterpretationThe inhibition of RAD51 exerts therapeutic benefits in lung fibrosis by promoting apoptosis. Our findings identify that inhibiting RAD51 with B02 in fibroblasts impairs DNA repair and induces metabolic reprogramming, making it a potential therapeutic target.

Research in contextO_ST_ABSEvidence before this studyC_ST_ABSPulmonary fibrosis (PF) is characterized by excessive fibroblast activation and subsequent deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, which ultimately disrupt normal lung architecture. A significant contributing factor to the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis is the presence of fibroblasts that are resistant to apoptosis, preventing normal wound healing. Recent studies highlight the DNA repair protein RAD51 as effective in protecting fibroblasts from death induced by chemotherapy and ionizing radiation. These finding suggested that RAD51 could have a role in fibroblast activation and apoptosis resistance in pulmonary fibrosis.

Added value of this studyWe demonstrated that RAD51 is important for maintaining apoptosis-resistant fibrotic fibroblasts and their metabolic abnormalities. Our findings indicated that TGF{beta}-mediated upregulation of RAD51 reduces DNA damage, activates multiple pathways related to fibroblast activation and proliferation, and induces metabolic reprogramming, ultimately regulating apoptosis. Mechanistically, RAD51 inhibition enhanced p53 acetylation at lysine 120 and upregulated the expression proapoptotic proteins PUMA/BAK in mitochondria, promoting apoptosis. Pharmacological inhibition of RAD51 using the specific inhibitor B02 during the fibrotic phase of experimental lung disease effectively ameliorated pulmonary fibrosis.

Implications of all the available evidenceOur findings establish that RAD51 plays an important role in the survival of apoptosis-resistant fibrotic fibroblasts. We propose that reducing RAD51 expression leads to the metabolic reprogramming of activated fibroblasts, resulting in decreased mitochondrial respiration, reduced ATP levels, and diminished glycolysis or glutaminolysis. These observations suggest that targeting energy metabolism through RAD51 inhibition could be a viable strategy to enhance apoptosis, thereby creating a therapeutically targetable pathway in fibrotic cells. These findings highlight the potential of RAD51 as a therapeutic target for the treatment of IPF.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Maurya, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaefbauer, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koenitzer, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Limper, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choudhury, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.01.715935</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeting the DNA damage repair protein RAD51 alters fibroblast metabolism and enhances apoptosis in pulmonary fibrosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.02.716124v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sex differences in exploration-exploitation strategies during home-cage decision making 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.02.716124v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The exploration-exploitation trade-off refers to the conflict between using known strategies that reliably yield reward (exploitation) and sampling uncertain options that might yield better outcomes (exploration). Dysregulation of this balance is implicated in neuropsychiatric disease, and while sex differences in this balance have been described, the biological bases remain unclear. To quantify sex differences in this trade-off, we tested mice (n=74 male, 62 female) on four home-cage based foraging tasks with an operant pellet dispensing device, Feeding Experimentation Device 3 (FED3). Mice completed the tasks continuously over multiple days and the tasks were their only source of food. Across multiple tasks, males showed higher win-stay behaviour than females, indicating greater exploitation of previously rewarded actions, an effect that was modest in size but highly significant. Power analyses revealed that >30 mice per sex were needed to detect these modest but significant sex differences with 80% power. No consistent sex differences were observed in pellet intake, suggesting that differences in exploitation did not reflect differences in hunger drive or demand for pellets. Exploitation is a more efficient strategy when environmental parameters are fixed, while exploration can be more advantageous when parameters such as reward locations are changing and uncertain. We tested this idea by re-running our mice in a probabilistic foraging task, where actions led to uncertain probabilities of reward. While males continued to show higher levels of win-stay behaviour on this task, this no longer led to increases in accuracy. Behavioural modelling also supported this framework, demonstrating that stronger win-stay behaviour was most advantageous in deterministic models, and less advantageous in probabilistic models. Together, our findings demonstrate that male and female mice have small but significant differences in their exploration-exploitation balance, which leads to more accurate foraging in certain, but not uncertain, environments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Murrell, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Legaria, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCullough, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nwacha, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nasiru, M. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alves Ferreira Dias, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chase, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrett, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaidica, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hiratani, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creed, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maloney, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kravitz, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.02.716124</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sex differences in exploration-exploitation strategies during home-cage decision making]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.02.716153v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic and pharmacologic modulation of RAGE rescues the diabetes-mediated impairments to bone at multiple length scales 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.02.716153v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The bone matrix is precisely maintained and optimized to resist fractures. However, aging and disease deteriorate the bone matrix and increase fragility. Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have an elevated risk of bone fracture despite apparently normal bone mass. The chronic hyperglycemia in T2D promotes the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in the bone tissue and modify the matrix mechanics. AGEs also bind to its receptor, RAGE, to activate inflammation and alter homeostasis. Using a leptin-receptor deficient mouse model of diabetes, we used a combination of high-resolution methods across multiple scales to evaluate the microarchitectural-, material- and cellular- level changes affected by the modulation of RAGE. To demonstrate the relevance of RAGE, we genetically ablated RAGE (RAGE-null) before the onset of diabetes; and to demonstrate the potency of RAGE as a disease modifying therapy, a RAGE antagonist (FPS-ZM1) was administered after prolonged diabetes. Diabetes impaired bone microstructure, the homeostatic actions of bone cells, the bone matrix nanomechanics, and whole- bone strength. The constitutive ablation of RAGE in diabetic animals prevented AGEs accumulation and the decline of trabecular connectivity; protected against the loss of osteocyte lacunae density and morphology; and maintained the matrix nanomechanics and bone strength. The inhibition of RAGE after the onset of diabetes reversed AGE accumulation and loss of bone volume; rescued osteocyte lacunae density and osteoclast activity; and restored matrix nanomechanics and bone strength. These results suggest that RAGE is a viable therapeutic target for diabetes-mediated impairments of bone quality.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=129 SRC="FIGDIR/small/716153v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1000">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Broz, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hung, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walk, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LoTempio, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flores, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.02.716153</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic and pharmacologic modulation of RAGE rescues the diabetes-mediated impairments to bone at multiple length scales]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.04.716518v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Defining the RNA Modification Landscape of Multiple Myeloma Reveals METTL3-Dependent m6A Regulation of NEAT1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.04.716518v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNA modifications play critical roles in gene regulation. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant modification on mRNA and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and regulates RNA processing, stability, and translation. RNA modifications are not well characterized in multiple myeloma (MM), a plasma cell malignancy characterized by relapse and disease progression, and the contribution of m6A-modified lncRNAs to the disease remains unclear. Here, we define the RNA modification landscape of MM by combining mass spectrometry, Nanopore Direct RNA sequencing, and methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing. We identify 20 RNA modification types and > 15,000 m6A sites, including sites on 2,398 lncRNAs. Among these, we validate m6A sites on the paraspeckle-associated lncRNA NEAT1. Functional studies reveal that NEAT1 expression is regulated by the methyltransferase METTL3 and site-specific demethylation of a NEAT1 m6A site reduces MM cell viability. Single-cell RNA sequencing shows consistent NEAT1 enrichment in malignant plasma cells but minimal expression in healthy cells. These findings identify m6A-modified lncRNAs as key regulators of MM biology and establish NEAT1 as an epitranscriptomically controlled driver of MM cell survival.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thunuguntla, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duraiyan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sizemore, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sulvaran-Guel, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mishra, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camacho, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzales, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daly, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagwill, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colbert, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samuel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David-Pennington, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ki, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bras Costa, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vij, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiPersio, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva-Fisher, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.04.716518</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Defining the RNA Modification Landscape of Multiple Myeloma Reveals METTL3-Dependent m6A Regulation of NEAT1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.06.715875v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Thermodynamic rigidity of harmonic brain states relates to general mental ability in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.06.715875v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cognitive difficulties are increasingly recognized in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), but scalable biomarkers linking resting-state brain dynamics to general mental ability remain limited. Here, we combined topological data analysis, graph signal processing, machine learning, inverse Langevin modeling, and biophysical simulations to test whether EEG-derived network dynamics capture individual differences in general mental ability in JME.

We studied 54 patients with JME and 45 healthy controls using resting-state high-density EEG and the raw estimated full-scale score derived from the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI), used here as an index of general mental ability. Subject-specific low-alpha activity was reconstructed with generalized eigendecomposition, and graph-derived features were extracted from the projection of topological and alpha-power signals onto the functional connectome, providing a graph-harmonic description of large-scale brain-state dynamics. In controls, dynamic EEG-derived features significantly predicted general mental ability, whereas the same framework failed in JME. Because prediction in controls was driven mainly by dynamic measures of smoothness (Dirichlet energy), we next examined the temporal organization of alpha-power smoothness using an inverse Langevin framework. Within the patient group, greater thermodynamic rigidity--that is, stronger confinement of fluctuations around preferred network states--was associated with lower general mental ability. Relative to controls, patients also showed lower thermodynamic noise, indicating a reduced tendency to explore alternative network regimes.

Biophysical simulations suggested that reduced dendritic arborization can generate rigidity directly, whereas pharmacological stabilization of hyperexcitable circuits can shift the system toward a more rigid, lower-noise regime. Together, these findings suggest that cognition in JME is linked not only to altered resting-state network dynamics but also to stronger confinement of network-state fluctuations, with both intrinsic circuit abnormalities and treatment-related stabilization representing plausible routes to this rigid phenotype.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Branco de Paiva, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Philibert-Rosas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brace, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moe, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haworth, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hermann, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Struck, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.06.715875</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Thermodynamic rigidity of harmonic brain states relates to general mental ability in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.06.716659v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Non-Classical Neuroactive Steroid Exhibiting Potent, Efficacious GABA	A Receptor Agonism and NMDA Receptor Inhibition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.06.716659v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuroactive steroids modulate GABAA and NMDA receptors allosterically, typically requiring specific structural features for their activity. In this study, we characterize YX84, a novel neuroactive steroid bearing a 3{beta} sulfate and p-trifluoroacetylbenzyl alcohol attached in an ether linkage to a hydroxyl group at steroid carbon 17. This compound and similar analogues exhibit an atypical pharmacological profile, with three distinct actions at GABAA receptors. First, YX84 is a full agonist, with EC50 near 1 {micro}M and comparable efficacy to GABA at GABAA receptors in native hippocampal neurons. It presents as a full agonist relative to GABA at 4/{delta} subunit-containing receptors. Second, YX84 acts as a slow-onset, potent positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of GABAA receptors at concentrations below those that gate a response. Finally, YX84 exhibits rapid desensitizing and/or blocking kinetics; voltage dependence is consistent with a contribution of channel block. Structure- activity relationship analyses reveal that both functional groups are essential for gating activity, while classical requirements such as carbon 3 hydroxyl stereoselectivity and carbon 5 reduction are dispensable. YX84 also modestly inhibits NMDA receptor currents, suggesting weak negative allosteric modulation. Behavioral assays show that intraperitoneal administration of YX84 (30 mg/kg) does not impair sensorimotor function, unlike allopregnanolone. These findings identify YX84 as a structurally distinct neuroactive steroid with dual receptor activity and favorable behavioral tolerability, offering a promising scaffold for therapeutic development targeting excitatory/inhibitory imbalance in neuropsychiatric disorders if pharmacokinetic considerations can be overcome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shu, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuede, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Covey, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zorumski, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mennerick, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.06.716659</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Non-Classical Neuroactive Steroid Exhibiting Potent, Efficacious GABA	A Receptor Agonism and NMDA Receptor Inhibition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
</rdf:RDF>
