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<title>bioRxiv Channel: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org</link>
<description>
This feed contains articles for bioRxiv Channel "Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory"
</description>

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<prism:publicationName>bioRxiv</prism:publicationName>
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<title>bioRxiv</title>
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<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/000851v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comment on “TopHat2: accurate alignment of transcriptomes in the presence of insertions, deletions and gene fusions” by Kim et al. 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/000851v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the recent paper [1] (thereafter referred to as "TopHat2paper") the accuracy of TopHat2 was compared to other RNA-seq aligners. In this comment we re-examine most important analyses from the TopHat2paper and identify several deficiencies that significantly diminished performance of some of the aligners, including incorrect choice of mapping parameters, unfair comparison metrics, and unrealistic simulated data. Using STAR [2] as an exemplar, we demonstrate that correcting these deficiencies makes its accuracy equal or better than that of TopHat2. Furthermore, this exercise highlighted some serious issues with the TopHat2 algorithms, such as poor recall of alignments with a moderate (>3) number of mismatches, low sensitivity and high false discovery rate for splice junction detection, loss of precision for the realignment algorithm, and large number of false chimeric alignments. ...
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alexander Dobin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas R Gingeras</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2013-11-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/000851</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comment on “TopHat2: accurate alignment of transcriptomes in the presence of insertions, deletions and gene fusions” by Kim et al.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2013-11-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/001370v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Accurate detection of de novo and transmitted INDELs within exome-capture data using micro-assembly 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/001370v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We present a new open-source algorithm, Scalpel, for sensitive and specific discovery of INDELs in exome-capture data. By combining the power of mapping and assembly, Scalpel searches the de Bruijn graph for sequence paths (contigs) that span each exon. The algorithm creates a single path for exons with no INDEL, two paths for an exon with a heterozygous mutation, and multiple paths for more exotic variations. A detailed repeat composition analysis coupled with a self-tuning k-mer strategy allows Scalpel to outperform other state-of-the-art approaches for INDEL discovery. We extensively compared Scalpel with a battery of >10000 simulated and >1000 experimentally validated INDELs between 1 and 100bp against two recent algorithms for INDEL discovery: GATK HaplotypeCaller and SOAPindel. We report anomalies for these tools in their ability to detect INDELs, especially in regions containing near-perfect repeats which contribute to high false positive rates. In contrast, Scalpel demonstrates superior specificity while maintaining high sensitivity. We also present a large-scale application of Scalpel for detecting de novo and transmitted INDELs in 593 families with autistic children from the Simons Simplex Collection. Scalpel demonstrates enhanced power to detect long ([&ge;]20bp) transmitted events, and strengthens previous reports of enrichment for de novo likely gene-disrupting INDEL mutations in children with autism with many new candidate genes. The source code and documentation for the algorithm is available at http://scalpel.sourceforge.net.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Giuseppe Narzisi</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jason A O'Rawe</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivan Iossifov</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han Fang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoon-ha Lee</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zihua Wang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yiyang Wu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gholson J Lyon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael Wigler</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael C Schatz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2013-12-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/001370</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Accurate detection of de novo and transmitted INDELs within exome-capture data using micro-assembly]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2013-12-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/001396v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Parametric inference in the large data limit using maximally informative models 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/001396v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Motivated by data-rich experiments in transcriptional regulation and sensory neuro-science, we consider the following general problem in statistical inference. When exposed to a high-dimensional signal S, a system of interest computes a representation R of that signal which is then observed through a noisy measurement M. From a large number of signals and measurements, we wish to infer the "filter" that maps S to R. However, the standard method for solving such problems, likelihood-based inference, requires perfect a priori knowledge of the "noise function" mapping R to M. In practice such noise functions are usually known only approximately, if at all, and using an incorrect noise function will typically bias the inferred filter. Here we show that, in the large data limit, this need for a pre-characterized noise function can be circumvented by searching for filters that instead maximize the mutual information I[M; R] between observed measurements and predicted representations. Moreover, if the correct filter lies within the space of filters being explored, maximizing mutual information becomes equivalent to simultaneously maximizing every dependence measure that satisfies the Data Processing Inequality. It is important to note that maximizing mutual information will typically leave a small number of directions in parameter space unconstrained. We term these directions "diffeomorphic modes" and present an equation that allows these modes to be derived systematically. The presence of diffeomorphic modes reflects a fundamental and nontrivial substructure within parameter space, one that is obscured by standard likelihood-based inference.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Justin B. Kinney</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gurinder S. Atwal</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2013-12-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/001396</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Parametric inference in the large data limit using maximally informative models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2013-12-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/002188v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Significantly distinct branches of hierarchical trees: A framework for statistical analysis and applications to biological data 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/002188v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundOne of the most common goals of hierarchical clustering is finding those branches of a tree that form quantifiably distinct data subtypes. Achieving this goal in a statistically meaningful way requires (a) a measure of distinctness of a branch and (b) a test to determine the significance of the observed measure, applicable to all branches and across multiple scales of dissimilarity.nnResultsWe formulate a method termed Tree Branches Evaluated Statistically for Tightness (TBEST) for identifying significantly distinct tree branches in hierarchical clusters. For each branch of the tree a measure of distinctness, or tightness, is defined as a rational function of heights, both of the branch and of its parent. A statistical procedure is then developed to determine the significance of the observed values of tightness. We test TBEST as a tool for tree-based data partitioning by applying it to five benchmark datasets, one of them synthetic and the other four each from a different area of biology. For each dataset there is a well-defined partition of the data into classes. In all test cases TBEST performs on par with or better than the existing techniques.nnConclusionsBased on our benchmark analysis, TBEST is a tool of choice for detection of significantly distinct branches in hierarchical trees grown from biological data. An R language implementation of the method is available from the Comprehensive R Archive Network: cran.r-project.org/web/packages/TBEST/index.html.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guoli Sun</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexander Krasnitz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2014-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/002188</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Significantly distinct branches of hierarchical trees: A framework for statistical analysis and applications to biological data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2014-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/002410v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Broadly tuned and respiration-independent inhibition in the olfactory bulb of awake mice 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/002410v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Olfactory representations are shaped by both brain state and respiration; however, the interaction and circuit substrates of these influences are poorly understood. Granule cells (GCs) in the main olfactory bulb (MOB) are presumed to sculpt activity that reaches the olfactory cortex via inhibition of mitral/tufted cells (MTs). GCs may potentially sparsen ensemble activity by facilitating lateral inhibition among MTs, and/or they may enforce temporally-precise activity locked to breathing. Yet, the selectivity and temporal structure of GC activity during wakefulness are unknown. We recorded GCs in the MOB of anesthetized and awake mice and reveal pronounced state-dependent features of odor coding and temporal patterning. Under anesthesia, GCs exhibit sparse activity and are strongly and synchronously coupled to the respiratory cycle. Upon waking, GCs desynchronize, broaden their odor responses, and typically fire without regard for the respiratory rhythm. Thus during wakefulness, GCs exhibit stronger odor responses with less temporal structure. Based on these observations, we propose that during wakefulness GCs likely predominantly shape MT odor responses through broadened lateral interactions rather than respiratory synchronization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brittany N Cazakoff</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Billy Y B Lau</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerensa L Crump</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heike Demmer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephen David Shea</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2014-02-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/002410</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Broadly tuned and respiration-independent inhibition in the olfactory bulb of awake mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2014-02-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/002550v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Noradrenergic plasticity of olfactory sensory neuron inputs to the main olfactory bulb 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/002550v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sensory responses are modulated throughout the nervous system by internal factors including attention, experience, and brain state. This is partly due to fluctuations in neuromodulatory input from regions such as the noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) in the brainstem. LC activity changes with arousal and modulates sensory processing, cognition and memory. The main olfactory bulb (MOB) is richly targeted by LC fibers and noradrenaline profoundly influences MOB circuitry and odor-guided behavior. Noradrenaline-dependent plasticity affects the output of the MOB. However, it is unclear whether noradrenergic plasticity includes modulation in the glomerular layer, the site of input to the MOB. Noradrenergic terminals are found in the glomerular layer, but noradrenaline receptor activation does not seem to acutely modulate olfactory sensory neuron terminals in vitro. We investigated whether noradrenaline induces plasticity at the glomerulus. We used wide-field optical imaging to measure changes in odor responses following electrical stimulation of locus coeruleus in anesthetized mice. Surprisingly, the odor-evoked intrinsic optical signals at the glomerulus were persistently weakened after LC activation. Calcium imaging selectively from olfactory sensory neurons confirmed that this effect was due to a uniform gain suppression of presynaptic input, and did not require exposure to a stimulus during the LC activation. Finally, noradrenaline antagonists prevented glomerular suppression. We conclude that noradrenaline release from LC has persistent effects on odor processing already at the first synapse of the main olfactory system. This mechanism could contribute to arousal-dependent memories.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dennis Eckmeier</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephen David Shea</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2014-02-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/002550</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Noradrenergic plasticity of olfactory sensory neuron inputs to the main olfactory bulb]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2014-02-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/002881v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A GWAS platform built on iPlant cyber-infrastructure 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/002881v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We demonstrated a flexible Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) platform built upon the iPlant Collaborative Cyber-infrastructure. The platform supports big data management, sharing, and large scale study of both genotype and phenotype data on clusters. End users can add their own analysis tools, and create customized analysis workflows through the graphical user interfaces in both iPlant Discovery Environment and BioExtract server.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liya Wang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doreen Ware</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carol Lushbough</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nirav Merchant</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lincoln Stein</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2014-02-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/002881</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A GWAS platform built on iPlant cyber-infrastructure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2014-02-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/003764v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
New whole genome de novo assemblies of three divergent strains of rice (O. sativa) documents novel gene space of aus and indica 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/003764v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The use of high throughput genome-sequencing technologies has uncovered a large extent of structural variation in eukaryotic genomes that makes important contributions to genomic diversity and phenotypic variation. Currently, when the genomes of different strains of a given organism are compared, whole genome resequencing data are aligned to an established reference sequence. However when the reference differs in significant structural ways from the individuals under study, the analysis is often incomplete or inaccurate. Here, we use rice as a model to explore the extent of structural variation among strains adapted to different ecologies and geographies, and show that this variation can be significant, often matching or exceeding the variation present in closely related human populations or other mammals. We demonstrate how improvements in sequencing and assembly technology allow rapid and inexpensive de novo assembly of next generation sequence data into high-quality assemblies that can be directly compared to provide an unbiased assessment. Using this approach, we are able to accurately assess the "pan-genome" of three divergent rice varieties and document several megabases of each genome absent in the other two. Many of the genome-specific loci are annotated to contain genes, reflecting the potential for new biological properties that would be missed by standard resequencing approaches. We further provide a detailed analysis of several loci associated with agriculturally important traits, illustrating the utility of our approach for biological discovery. All of the data and software are openly available to support further breeding and functional studies of rice and other species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Michael C Schatz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyza G Maron</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshua C Stein</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alejandro Hernandez Wences</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James Gurtowski</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eric Biggers</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayan Lee</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melissa Kramer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eric Antonio</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elena Ghiban</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mark H Wright</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jer-ming Chia</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doreen Ware</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Susan R McCouch</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>William Richard McCombie</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2014-04-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/003764</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[New whole genome de novo assemblies of three divergent strains of rice (O. sativa) documents novel gene space of aus and indica]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2014-04-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/003772v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparison of the theoretical and real-world evolutionary potential of a genetic circuit. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/003772v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
With the development of next-generation sequencing technologies, many large scale experimental efforts aim to map genotypic variability among individuals. This natural variability in populations fuels many fundamental biological processes, ranging from evolutionary adaptation and speciation to the spread of genetic diseases and drug resistance. An interesting and important component of this variability is present within the regulatory regions of genes. As these regions evolve, accumulated mutations lead to modulation of gene expression, which may have consequences for the phenotype. A simple model system where the link between genetic variability, gene regulation and function can be studied in detail is missing. In this article we develop a model to explore how the sequence of the wild-type lac promoter dictates the fold change in gene expression. The model combines single-base pair resolution maps of transcription factor and RNA polymerase binding energies with a comprehensive thermodynamic model of gene regulation. The model was validated by predicting and then measuring the variability of lac operon regulation in a collection of natural isolates. We then implement the model to analyze the sensitivity of the promoter sequence to the regulatory output, and predict the potential for regulation to evolve due to point mutations in the promoter region.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Manuel Razo-Mejia</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James Boedicker</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniel Jones</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexander de Luna</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Justin Block Kinney</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rob Phillips</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2014-04-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/003772</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparison of the theoretical and real-world evolutionary potential of a genetic circuit.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2014-04-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/003954v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SplitMEM: Graphical pan-genome analysis with suffix skips 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/003954v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Motivation: With the rise of improved sequencing technologies, genomics is expanding from a single reference per species paradigm into a more comprehensive pan-genome approach with multiple individuals represented and analyzed together. One of the most sophisticated data structures for representing an entire population of genomes is a compressed de Bruijn graph. The graph structure can robustly represent simple SNPs to complex structural variations far beyond what can be done from linear sequences alone. As such there is a strong need to develop algorithms that can efficiently construct and analyze these graphs. Results: In this paper we explore the deep topological relationships between the suffix tree and the compressed de Bruijn graph. We introduce a novel O(n log n) time and space algorithm called splitMEM, that directly constructs the compressed de Bruijn graph for a pan-genome of total length n. To achieve this time complexity, we augment the suffix tree with suffix skips, a new construct that allows us to traverse several suffix links in constant time, and use them to efficiently decompose maximal exact matches (MEMs) into the graph nodes. We demonstrate the utility of splitMEM by analyzing the pan- genomes of 9 strains of Bacillus anthracis and 9 strains of Escherichia coli to reveal the properties of their core genomes. Availability: The source code and documentation are available open- source at http://splitmem.sourceforge.net
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shoshana Marcus</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayan Lee</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael Schatz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2014-04-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/003954</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SplitMEM: Graphical pan-genome analysis with suffix skips]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2014-04-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/004499v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In vivo generation of DNA sequence diversity for cellular barcoding 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/004499v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Heterogeneity is a ubiquitous feature of biological systems. A complete understanding of such systems requires a method for uniquely identifying and tracking individual components and their interactions with each other. We have developed a novel method of uniquely tagging individual cells in vivo with a genetic "barcode" that can be recovered by DNA sequencing. We demonstrate the feasibility of this technique in bacterial cells. This method should prove useful in tracking interactions of cells within a network, and/or heterogeneity within complex biological samples.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ian Peikon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diana Gizatullina</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anthony Zador</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2014-04-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/004499</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In vivo generation of DNA sequence diversity for cellular barcoding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2014-04-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/006148v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reducing INDEL calling errors in whole-genome and exome sequencing data 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/006148v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundINDELs, especially those disrupting protein-coding regions of the genome, have been strongly associated with human diseases. However, there are still many errors with INDEL variant calling, driven by library preparation, sequencing biases, and algorithm artifacts.nnMethodsWe characterized whole genome sequencing (WGS), whole exome sequencing (WES), and PCR-free sequencing data from the same samples to investigate the sources of INDEL errors. We also developed a classification scheme based on the coverage and composition to rank high and low quality INDEL calls. We performed a large-scale validation experiment on 600 loci, and find high-quality INDELs to have a substantially lower error rate than low quality INDELs (7% vs. 51%).nnResultsSimulation and experimental data show that assembly based callers are significantly more sensitive and robust for detecting large INDELs (>5 bp) than alignment based callers, consistent with published data. The concordance of INDEL detection between WGS and WES is low (52%), and WGS data uniquely identifies 10.8-fold more high-quality INDELs. The validation rate for WGS-specific INDELs is also much higher than that for WES-specific INDELs (85% vs. 54%), and WES misses many large INDELs. In addition, the concordance for INDEL detection between standard WGS and PCR-free sequencing is 71%, and standard WGS data uniquely identifies 6.3-fold more low-quality INDELs. Furthermore, accurate detection with Scalpel of heterozygous INDELs requires 1.2-fold higher coverage than that for homozygous INDELs. Lastly, homopolymer A/T INDELs are a major source of low-quality INDEL calls, and they are highly enriched in the WES data.nnConclusionsOverall, we show that accuracy of INDEL detection with WGS is much greater than WES even in the targeted region. We calculated that 60X WGS depth of coverage from the HiSeq platform is needed to recover 95% of INDELs detected by Scalpel. While this is higher than current sequencing practice, the deeper coverage may save total project costs because of the greater accuracy and sensitivity. Finally, we investigate sources of INDEL errors (e.g. capture deficiency, PCR amplification, homopolymers) with various data that will serve as a guideline to effectively reduce INDEL errors in genome sequencing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Han Fang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yiyang Wu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giuseppe Narzisi</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jason A. O'Rawe</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laura T. Jimenez Barrón</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Julie Rosenbaum</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael Ronemus</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivan Iossifov</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael C. Schatz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gholson J. Lyon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2014-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/006148</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reducing INDEL calling errors in whole-genome and exome sequencing data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2014-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/006395v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Error correction and assembly complexity of single molecule sequencing reads. 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/006395v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Third generation single molecule sequencing technology is poised to revolutionize genomics by enabling the sequencing of long, individual molecules of DNA and RNA. These technologies now routinely produce reads exceeding 5,000 basepairs, and can achieve reads as long as 50,000 basepairs. Here we evaluate the limits of single molecule sequencing by assessing the impact of long read sequencing in the assembly of the human genome and 25 other important genomes across the tree of life. From this, we develop a new data-driven model using support vector regression that can accurately predict assembly performance. We also present a novel hybrid error correction algorithm for long PacBio sequencing reads that uses pre-assembled Illumina sequences for the error correction. We apply it several prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes, and show it can achieve near-perfect assemblies of small genomes (< 100Mbp) and substantially improved assemblies of larger ones. All source code and the assembly model are available open-source.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hayan Lee</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James Gurtowski</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shinjae Yoo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shoshana Marcus</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>W. Richard McCombie</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael Schatz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2014-06-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/006395</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Error correction and assembly complexity of single molecule sequencing reads.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2014-06-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/006601v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Redefining Genomic Privacy: Trust and Empowerment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/006601v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fulfilling the promise of the genetic revolution requires the analysis of large datasets containing information from thousands to millions of participants. However, sharing human genomic data requires protecting subjects from potential harm. Current models rely on de-identification techniques that treat privacy versus data utility as a zero-sum game. Instead we propose using trust-enabling techniques to create a solution where researchers and participants both win. To do so we introduce three principles that facilitate trust in genetic research and outline one possible framework built upon those principles. Our hope is that such trust-centric frameworks provide a sustainable solution that reconciles genetic privacy with data sharing and facilitates genetic research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arvind Narayanan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kenneth Yocum</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David Glazer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nita Farahany</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maynard Olson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lincoln D. Stein</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James B. Williams</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jan A. Witkowski</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robert C. Kain</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yaniv Erlich</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2014-06-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/006601</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Redefining Genomic Privacy: Trust and Empowerment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2014-06-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/008375v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sources of PCR-induced distortions in high-throughput sequencing datasets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/008375v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PCR permits the exponential and sequence-specific amplification of DNA, even from minute starting quantities. PCR is a fundamental step in preparing DNA samples for high-throughput sequencing. However, there are errors associated with PCR-mediated amplification. Here we examine the effects of four important sources of error -- bias, stochasticity, template switches and polymerase errors -- on sequence representation in low-input next-generation sequencing libraries. We designed a pool of diverse PCR amplicons with a defined structure, and then used Illumina sequencing to search for signatures of each process. We further developed quantitative models for each process, and compared predictions of these models to our experimental data. We find that PCR stochasticity is the major force skewing sequence representation after amplification of a pool of unique DNA amplicons. Polymerase errors become very common in later cycles of PCR but have little impact on the overall sequence distribution as they are confined to small copy numbers. PCR template switches are rare and confined to low copy numbers. Our results provide a theoretical basis for removing distortions from high-throughput sequencing data. In addition, our findings on PCR stochasticity will have particular relevance to quantification of results from single cell sequencing, in which sequences are represented by only one or a few molecules.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Justus M Kebschull</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anthony M Zador</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2014-08-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/008375</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sources of PCR-induced distortions in high-throughput sequencing datasets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2014-08-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/010603v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Automated placement of stereotactic injections using a laser scan of the skull 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/010603v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Stereotactic targeting is a commonly used technique for performing injections in the brains of mice and other animals. The most common method for targeting stereoscopic injections uses the skull indentations bregma and lambda as reference points and is limited in its precision by factors such as skull curvature and individual variation, as well as an incomplete correspondence between skull landmarks and brain locations. In this software tool, a 3D laser scan of the mouse skull is taken in vitro and registered onto a reference skull using a point cloud matching algorithm, and the parameters of the transformation are used to position a glass pipette to place tracer injections. The software was capable of registering sample skulls with less than 100 micron error, and was able to target an injection in a mouse with error of roughly 500 microns. These results indicate that using skull scan registration has the potential to be widely applicable in automating stereotactic targeting of tracer injections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Margaret Henderson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vadim Pinskiy</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexander Tolpygo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephen Savoia</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pascal Grange</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Partha Mitra</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2014-10-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/010603</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Automated placement of stereotactic injections using a laser scan of the skull]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2014-10-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/010884v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enhanced Transcriptome Maps from Multiple Mouse Tissues Reveal Evolutionary Constraint in Gene Expression for Thousands of Genes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/010884v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We characterized by RNA-seq the transcriptional profiles of a large and heterogeneous collection of mouse tissues, augmenting the mouse transcriptome with thousands of novel transcript candidates. Comparison with transcriptome profiles obtained in human cell lines reveals substantial conservation of transcriptional programs, and uncovers a distinct class of genes with levels of expression across cell types and species, that have been constrained early in vertebrate evolution. This core set of genes capture a substantial and constant fraction of the transcriptional output of mammalian cells, and participates in basic functional and structural housekeeping processes common to all cell types. Perturbation of these constrained genes is associated with significant phenotypes including embryonic lethality and cancer. Evolutionary constraint in gene expression levels is not reflected in the conservation of the genomic sequences, but is associated with strong and conserved epigenetic marking, as well as to a characteristic post-transcriptional regulatory program in which sub-cellular localization and alternative splicing play comparatively large roles.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dmitri Pervouchine</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarah Djebali</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alessandra Breschi</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrie A Davis</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pablo Prieto Barja</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alex Dobin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrea Tanzer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Julien Lagarde</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chris Zaleski</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei-Hoon See</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meagan Fastuca</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jorg Drenkow</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huaien Wang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giovanni Bussotti</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baikang Pei</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suganthi Balasubramanian</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jean Monlong</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arif Harmanci</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mark Gerstein</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael A Beer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cedric Notredame</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roderic Guigo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas R Gingeras</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2014-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/010884</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enhanced Transcriptome Maps from Multiple Mouse Tissues Reveal Evolutionary Constraint in Gene Expression for Thousands of Genes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2014-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/011346v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interactive analysis and quality assessment of single-cell copy-number variations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/011346v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We present an open-source visual-analytics web platform, Ginkgo (http://qb.cshl.edu/ginkgo), for the interactive analysis and quality assessment of single-cell copy-number alterations. Ginkgo automatically constructs copy-number profiles of individual cells from mapped reads, as well as constructing phylogenetic trees of related cells. We validate Ginkgo by reproducing the results of five major studies and examine the data characteristics of three commonly used single-cell amplification techniques to conclude DOP-PCR to be the most consistent for CNV analysis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tyler Garvin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robert Aboukhalil</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jude Kendall</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Timour Baslan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gurinder S Atwal</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James Hicks</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael Wigler</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael Schatz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2014-11-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/011346</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interactive analysis and quality assessment of single-cell copy-number variations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2014-11-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/013490v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Oxford Nanopore Sequencing, Hybrid Error Correction, and de novo Assembly of a Eukaryotic Genome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/013490v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Monitoring the progress of DNA molecules through a membrane pore has been postulated as a method for sequencing DNA for several decades. Recently, a nanopore-based sequencing instrument, the Oxford Nanopore MinION, has become available that we used for sequencing the S. cerevisiae genome. To make use of these data, we developed a novel open-source hybrid error correction algorithm Nanocorr (https://github.com/jgurtowski/nanocorr) specifically for Oxford Nanopore reads, as existing packages were incapable of assembling the long read lengths (5-50kbp) at such high error rate (between [~]5 and 40% error). With this new method we were able to perform a hybrid error correction of the nanopore reads using complementary MiSeq data and produce a de novo assembly that is highly contiguous and accurate: the contig N50 length is more than ten-times greater than an Illumina-only assembly (678kb versus 59.9kbp), and has greater than 99.88% consensus identity when compared to the reference. Furthermore, the assembly with the long nanopore reads presents a much more complete representation of the features of the genome and correctly assembles gene cassettes, rRNAs, transposable elements, and other genomic features that were almost entirely absent in the Illumina-only assembly.nnReviewer link to datahttp://schatzlab.cshl.edu/data/nanocorr/
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sara Goodwin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James Gurtowski</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott Ethe-Sayers</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panchajanya Deshpande</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael Schatz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>W Richard McCombie</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-01-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/013490</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Oxford Nanopore Sequencing, Hybrid Error Correction, and de novo Assembly of a Eukaryotic Genome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-01-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/014050v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A variant in TAF1 is associated with a new syndrome with severe intellectual disability and characteristic dysmorphic features 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/014050v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We describe the discovery of a new genetic syndrome, RykDax syndrome, driven by a whole genome sequencing (WGS) study of one family from Utah with two affected male brothers, presenting with severe intellectual disability (ID), a characteristic intergluteal crease, and very distinctive facial features including a broad, upturned nose, sagging cheeks, downward sloping palpebral fissures, prominent periorbital ridges, deep-set eyes, relative hypertelorism, thin upper lip, a high-arched palate, prominent ears with thickened helices, and a pointed chin. This Caucasian family was recruited from Utah, USA. Illumina-based WGS was performed on 10 members of this family, with additional Complete Genomics-based WGS performed on the nuclear portion of the family (mother, father and the two affected males). Using WGS datasets from 10 members of this family, we can increase the reliability of the biological inferences with an integrative bioinformatic pipeline. In combination with insights from clinical evaluations and medical diagnostic analyses, these DNA sequencing data were used in the study of three plausible genetic disease models that might uncover genetic contribution to the syndrome. We found a 2 to 5-fold difference in the number of variants detected as being relevant for various disease models when using different sets of sequencing data and analysis pipelines. We de-rived greater accuracy when more pipelines were used in conjunction with data encompassing a larger portion of the family, with the number of putative de-novo mutations being reduced by 80%, due to false negative calls in the parents. The boys carry a maternally inherited mis-sense variant in a X-chromosomal gene TAF1, which we consider as disease relevant. TAF1 is the largest subunit of the general transcription factor IID (TFIID) multi-protein complex, and our results implicate mutations in TAF1 as playing a critical role in the development of this new intellectual disability syndrome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jason O'Rawe</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yiyang Wu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alan Rope</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laura T. Jimenez Barrón</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeffrey Swensen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han Fang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David Mittelman</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gareth Highnam</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reid Robison</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edward Yang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kai Wang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gholson Lyon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-01-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/014050</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A variant in TAF1 is associated with a new syndrome with severe intellectual disability and characteristic dysmorphic features]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-01-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/014324v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The biological functions of Naa10—from amino-terminal acetylation to human disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/014324v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
1AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWN-terminal acetylation (NTA) is one of the most abundant protein modifications known, and the N-terminal acetyltransferase (NAT) machinery is conserved throughout all Eukarya. Over the past 50 years, the function of NTA has begun to be slowly elucidated, and this includes the modulation of protein-protein interaction, protein-stability, protein function, and protein targeting to specific cellular compartments. Many of these functions have been studied in the context of Naa10/NatA; however, we are only starting to really understand the full complexity of this picture. Roughly, about 40 % of all human proteins are substrates of Naa10 and the impact of this modification has only been studied for a few of them. Besides acting as a NAT in the NatA complex, recently other functions have been linked to Naa10, including post-translational NTA, lysine acetylation, and NAT/KAT-independent functions. Also, recent publications have linked mutations in Naa10 to various diseases, emphasizing the importance of Naa10 research in humans. The recent design and synthesis of the first bisubstrate inhibitors that potently and selectively inhibit the NatA/Naa10 complex, monomeric Naa10, and hNaa50 further increases the toolset to analyze Naa10 function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Max Doerfel</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gholson Lyon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/014324</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The biological functions of Naa10—from amino-terminal acetylation to human disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/016352v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metassembler: Merging and optimizing de novo genome assemblies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/016352v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome assembly projects typically run multiple algorithms in an attempt to find the single best assembly, although those assemblies often have complementary, if untapped, strengths and weaknesses. We present our metassembler algorithm that merges multiple assemblies of a genome into a single superior sequence. We apply it to the four genomes from the Assemblathon competitions and show it consistently and substantially improves the contiguity and quality of each assembly. We also develop guidelines for metassembly by systematically evaluating 120 permutations of merging the top 5 assemblies of the first Assemblathon competition. The software is open-source at http://metassembler.sourceforge.net.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alejandro Hernandez Wences</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael Schatz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/016352</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metassembler: Merging and optimizing de novo genome assemblies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/017301v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Simple genetic models for autism spectrum disorder 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/017301v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To explore the interplay between new mutation, transmission, and gender bias in genetic disease requires formal quantitative modeling. Autism spectrum disorders offer an ideal case: they are genetic in origin, complex, and show a gender bias. The high reproductive costs of autism ensure that most strongly associated genetic mutations are short-lived, and indeed the disease exhibits both transmitted and de novo components. There is a large body of both epidemiologic and genomic data that greatly constrain the genetic mechanisms that may contribute to the disorder. We develop a computational framework that assumes classes of additive variants, each member of a class having equal effect. We restrict our initial exploration to single class models, each having three parameters. Only one model matches epidemiological data. It also independently matches the incidence of de novo mutation in simplex families, the gender bias in unaffected siblings in simplex populations, and rates of mutation in target genes. This model makes strong and as yet not fully tested predictions, namely that females are the primary carriers in cases of genetic transmission, and that the incidence of de novo mutation in target genes for families at high risk for autism are not especially elevated. In its simplicity, this model does not account for MZ twin concordance or the distorted gender bias of high functioning children with ASD, and does not accommodate all the known mechanisms contributing to ASD. We point to the next steps in applying the same computational framework to explore more complex models.nnAuthor summaryFor understanding complex genetic diseases one needs both data and molecular/genetic models. In the absence of any model, it is impossible to do more than summarize observations. A good model will be consistent with much or all of the existing data and puts the data in the context of known genetic principles. Ideally the model will make testable predictions. Where the good models fail often shows the directions that require more thought about mechanisms. In this paper we describe a new computational framework that we use to explore a complex genetic disorder with many gene targets, with both de novo and transmitted variants, and with gender bias. The disorder we consider is autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and our framework rules out some previous models that make unsustainable predictions. We identify a formal model that satisfies diverse epidemiologic and genomic observations. This model makes strong and untested predictions and thereby suggests new studies that would resolve outstanding aspects of autism genetics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Swagatam Mukhopadhyay</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael Wigler</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dan Levy</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/017301</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Simple genetic models for autism spectrum disorder]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/017400v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A mathematical framework for statistical decision confidence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/017400v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Decision confidence is a forecast about the probability that a decision will be correct. Confidence can be framed as an objective mathematical quantity the Bayesian posterior probability, providing a formal definition of statistical decision confidence. Here we use this definition as a starting point to develop a normative statistical framework for decision confidence. We analytically prove interrelations between statistical decision confidence and other observable decision measures. Among these is a counterintuitive property of confidence that the lowest average confidence occurs when classifiers err in the presence of the strongest evidence. These results lay the foundations for a mathematically rigorous treatment of decision confidence that can lead to a common framework for understanding confidence across different research domains, from human behavior to neural representations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Balázs Hangya</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshua I. Sanders</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adam Kepecs</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/017400</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A mathematical framework for statistical decision confidence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/018085v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Building Genomic Analysis Pipelines in a Hackathon Setting with Bioinformatician Teams: DNA-seq, Epigenomics, Metagenomics and RNA-seq 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/018085v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We assembled teams of genomics professionals to assess whether we could rapidly develop pipelines to answer biological questions commonly asked by biologists and others new to bioinformatics by facilitating analysis of high-throughput sequencing data. In January 2015, teams were assembled on the National Institutes of Health (NIH) campus to address questions in the DNA-seq, epigenomics, metagenomics and RNA-seq subfields of genomics. The only two rules for this hackathon were that either the data used were housed at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) or would be submitted there by a participant in the next six months, and that all software going into the pipeline was open-source or open-use. Questions proposed by organizers, as well as suggested tools and approaches, were distributed to participants a few days before the event and were refined during the event. Pipelines were published on GitHub, a web service providing publicly available, free-usage tiers for collaborative software development (https://github.com/features/). The code was published at https://github.com/DCGenomics/ with separate repositories for each team, starting with hackathon_v001.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ben Busby</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allissa Dillman</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Claire L. Simpson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ian Fingerman</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sijung Yun</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David M. Kristensen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lisa Federer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naisha Shah</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matthew C. LaFave</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laura Jimenez-Barron</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manusha Pande</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen Luo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brendan Miller</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cem Mayden</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dhruva Chandramohan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kipper Fletez-Brant</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul W. Bible</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sergej Nowoshilow</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alfred Chan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eric JC Galvez</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeremy Chignell</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joseph N. Paulson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manoj Kandpal</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suhyeon Yoon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esther Asaki</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abhinav Nellore</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adam Stine</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robert Sanders</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jesse Becker</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matt Lesko</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mordechai Abzug</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eugene Yaschenko</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-04-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/018085</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Building Genomic Analysis Pipelines in a Hackathon Setting with Bioinformatician Teams: DNA-seq, Epigenomics, Metagenomics and RNA-seq]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-04-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/018515v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SCT promoter methylation is a highly discriminative biomarker for lung and many other cancers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/018515v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aberrant DNA methylation has long been implicated in cancers. In this work we present a highly discriminative DNA methylation biomarker for non-small cell lung cancers and fourteen other cancers. Based on 69 NSCLC cell lines and 257 cancer-free lung tissues we identified a CpG island in SCT gene promoter which was verified by qMSP experiment in 15 NSCLC cell lines and 3 immortalized human respiratory epithelium cells. In addition, we found that SCT promoter was methylated in 23 cancer cell lines involving >10 cancer types profiled by ENCODE. We found that SCT promoter is hyper-methylated in primary tumors from TCGA lung cancer cohort. Additionally, we found that SCT promoter is methylated at high frequencies in fifteen malignancies and is not methylated in [~]1000 non-cancerous tissues across >30 organ types. Our study indicates that SCT promoter methylation is a highly discriminative biomarker for lung and many other cancers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Adwait Sathe</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiaotu Ma</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael Zhang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-04-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/018515</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SCT promoter methylation is a highly discriminative biomarker for lung and many other cancers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-04-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/019182v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Whole genome analysis of an extended pedigree with Prader–Willi Syndrome, hereditary hemochromatosis, and dysautonomia-like symptoms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/019182v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This report includes the discovery and analysis of a pedigree with Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS), hereditary hemochromatosis (HH), and dysautonomia-like symptoms. Nine members of the family participated in whole genome sequencing (WGS), which enabled a wide scope of variant calling from single-nucleotide polymorphisms to copy number variations. First, a 5.5 Mb de novo deletion is identified in the chromosome region 15q11.2 to 15q13.1 in the boy with PWS. Second, a female invididual with HH is homozygous for the p.C282Y variant in HFE, a mutation known to be associated with HH. Her brother is homozygous for the same variant, although he has yet to be clinically diagnosed with HH. Third, none of the people with dysautonomia-like symptoms carry any reported or novel rare variants in IKBKAP that are implicated in familial dysautonomia (FD - HSAN III). Although two people with dysautonomia-like symptoms carry two heterozygous variants in NTRK1, a gene that has been shown to contribute to HSAN IV (congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis, a disease that closely resembles FD), this variant is not present in the third proband. Fourth, WGS revealed pharmacogenetic variants influencing the metabolism of warfarin and simvastatin, which are being routinely prescribed to the proband. Finally, reports of the phenotypes were standardized with the Human Phenotype Ontology annotation, which may facilitate the search for other families with similar phenotypes. Due to the extreme heterogeneity and insufficient knowledge of human diseases, it is of crucial importance that both phenotypic data and genomic data are standardized and shared.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Han Fang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yiyang Wu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Margaret Yoon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laura T. Jiménez-Barrón</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jason A. O'Rawe</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gareth Highnam</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David Mittelman</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gholson Lyon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-05-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/019182</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Whole genome analysis of an extended pedigree with Prader–Willi Syndrome, hereditary hemochromatosis, and dysautonomia-like symptoms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-05-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/019208v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome Wide Variant Analysis of Simplex Autism Families with an Integrative Clinical-Bioinformatics Pipeline 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/019208v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of developmental disabilities that affect social interaction, communication and are characterized by repetitive behaviors. There is now a large body of evidence that suggests a complex role of genetics in ASD, in which many different loci are involved. Although many current population scale genomic studies have been demonstrably fruitful, these studies generally focus on analyzing a limited part of the genome or use a limited set of bioinformatics tools. These limitations preclude the analysis of genome-wide perturbations that may contribute to the development and severity of ASD-related phenotypes. To overcome these limitations, we have developed and utilized an integrative clinical and bioinformatics pipeline for generating a more complete and reliable set of genomic variants for downstream analyses. Our study focuses on the analysis of three simplex autism families consisting of one affected child, unaffected parents, and one unaffected sibling. All members were clinically evaluated and widely phenotyped. Genotyping arrays and whole genome sequencing were performed on each member, and the resulting sequencing data were analyzed using a variety of available bioinformatics tools. We searched for rare variants of putative functional impact that were found to be segregating according to de-novo, autosomal recessive, x-linked, mitochondrial and compound heterozygote transmission models. The resulting candidate variants included three small heterozygous CNVs, a rare heterozygous de novo nonsense mutation in MYBBP1A located within exon 1, and a novel de novo missense variant in LAMB3. Our work demonstrates how more comprehensive analyses that include rich clinical data and whole genome sequencing data can generate reliable results for use in downstream investigations. We are moving to implement our framework for the analysis and study of larger cohorts of families, where statistical rigor can accompany genetic findings.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Laura T Jiménez-Barrón</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jason A O'Rawe</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yiyang Wu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Margaret Yoon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han Fang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivan Iossifov</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gholson Lyon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-05-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/019208</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome Wide Variant Analysis of Simplex Autism Families with an Integrative Clinical-Bioinformatics Pipeline]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-05-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/020172v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Learning quantitative sequence-function relationships from high-throughput biological data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/020172v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding the transcriptional regulatory code, as well as other types of information encoded within biomolecular sequences, will require learning biophysical models of sequence-function relationships from high-throughput data. Controlling and characterizing the noise in such experiments, however, is notoriously difficult. The unpredictability of such noise creates problems for standard likelihood-based methods in statistical learning, which require that the quantitative form of experimental noise be known precisely. However, when this unpredictability is properly accounted for, important theoretical aspects of statistical learning which remain hidden in standard treatments are revealed. Specifically, one finds a close relationship between the standard inference method, based on likelihood, and an alternative inference method based on mutual information. Here we review and extend this relationship. We also describe its implications for learning sequence-function relationships from real biological data. Finally, we detail an idealized experiment in which these results can be demonstrated analytically.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gurinder S Atwal</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Justin B Kinney</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-05-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/020172</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Learning quantitative sequence-function relationships from high-throughput biological data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-05-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/020289v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The next 20 years of genome research 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/020289v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The last 20 years have been a remarkable era for biology and medicine. One of the most significant achievements has been the sequencing of the first human genomes, which has laid the foundation for profound insights into human genetics, the intricacies of regulation and development, and the forces of evolution. Incredibly, as we look into the future over the next 20 years, we see the very real potential for sequencing more than one billion genomes, bringing with it even deeper insights into human genetics as well as the genetics of millions of other species on the planet. Realizing this great potential, though, will only be achieved through the integration and development of highly scalable computational and quantitative approaches can keep pace with the rapid improvements to biotechnology. In this perspective, we aim to chart out these future technologies, anticipate the major themes of research, and call out the challenges ahead. One of the largest shifts will be in the training used to prepare the class of 2035 for their highly interdisciplinary world.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Michael Schatz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-06-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/020289</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The next 20 years of genome research]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-06-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/021832v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Concerted activities of Mcm4, Sld3 and Dbf4 in control of origin activation and DNA replication fork progression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/021832v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Eukaryotic chromosomes initiate DNA synthesis from multiple replication origins in a temporally specific manner during S phase. The replicative helicase Mcm2-7 functions in both initiation and fork progression and thus is an important target of regulation. Mcm4, a helicase subunit, possesses an unstructured regulatory domain that mediates control from multiple kinase signaling pathways, including the Dbf4-dependent Cdc7 kinase (DDK). Following replication stress in S phase, Dbf4 and Sld3, an initiation factor and essential target of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase (CDK), are targets of the checkpoint kinase Rad53 for inhibition of initiation from origins that have yet to be activated, so-called late origins. Here, whole genome DNA replication profile analysis is employed to access under various conditions the effect of mutations that alter the Mcm4 helicase regulatory domain and the Rad53 targets, Sld3 and Dbf4. Late origin firing occurs under genotoxic stress when the controls on Mcm4, Sld3 and Dbf4 are simultaneously eliminated. The regulatory domain of Mcm4 plays an important role in the timing of late origin firing, both in an unperturbed S phase and dNTP limitation. Furthermore, checkpoint control of Sld3 impacts fork progression under replication stress. This effect is parallel to the role of the Mcm4 regulatory domain in monitoring fork progression. Hypomorph mutations in sld3 are suppressed by a mcm4 regulatory domain mutation. Thus, in response cellular conditions, the functions executed by Sld3, Dbf4 and the regulatory domain of Mcm4 intersect to control origin firing and replication fork progression, thereby ensuring genome stability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yi-Jun Sheu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Justin B Kinney</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruce Stillman</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-07-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/021832</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Concerted activities of Mcm4, Sld3 and Dbf4 in control of origin activation and DNA replication fork progression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-07-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/024307v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ancient trans-acting siRNAs Confer Robustness and Sensitivity onto the Auxin Response 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/024307v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Novel developmental programs often evolve via cooption of existing genetic networks. To understand this process, we explored cooption of the TAS3 tasiRNA pathway in the moss Physcomitrella patens. We find an ancestral function for this repeatedly redeployed pathway in the spatial regulation of a conserved set of Auxin Response Factors. In moss, this results in stochastic patterning of the filamentous protonemal tissue. Through modeling and experimentation, we demonstrate that tasiRNA regulation confers sensitivity and robustness onto the auxin response. Increased auxin sensitivity parallels increased developmental sensitivity to nitrogen, a key environmental signal. We propose that the properties lent to the auxin response network, along with the ability to stochastically modulate development in response to environmental cues, have contributed to the tasiRNA-ARF modules repeated cooption during evolution. The signaling properties of a genetic network, and not just its developmental output, are thus critical to understanding the evolution of multicellular forms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yevgeniy Plavskin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akitomo Nagashima</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pierre-François Perroud</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitsuyasu Hasebe</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ralph S Quatrano</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gurinder S Atwal</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marja CP Timmermans</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-08-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/024307</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ancient trans-acting siRNAs Confer Robustness and Sensitivity onto the Auxin Response]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-08-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/025858v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Teaser: Individualized benchmarking and optimization of read mapping results for NGS data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/025858v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mapping reads to a genome remains challenging, especially for non-model organisms with poorer quality assemblies, or for organisms with higher rates of mutations. While most research has focused on speeding up the mapping process, little attention has been paid to optimize the choice of mapper and parameters for a users dataset. Here we present Teaser, which assists in these choices through rapid automated benchmarking of different mappers and parameter settings for individualized data. Within minutes, Teaser completes a quantitative evaluation of an ensemble of mapping algorithms and parameters. Using Teaser, we demonstrate how Bowtie2 can be optimized for different data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moritz Smolka</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Philipp Rescheneder</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael C Schatz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arndt von Haeseler</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fritz J Sedlazeck</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-09-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/025858</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Teaser: Individualized benchmarking and optimization of read mapping results for NGS data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-09-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/026963v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Construction of the third generation Zea mays haplotype map 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/026963v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundCharacterization of genetic variations in maize has been challenging, mainly due to deterioration of collinearity between individual genomes in the species. An international consortium of maize research groups combined resources to develop the maize haplotype version 3 (HapMap 3), built from whole genome sequencing data from 1,218 maize lines, covering pre-domestication and domesticated Zea mays varieties across the world.nnResultsA new computational pipeline was set up to process over 12 trillion bp of sequencing data, and a set of population genetics filters were applied to identify over 83 million variant sites.nnConclusionsWe identified polymorphisms in regions where collinearity is largely preserved in the maize species. However, the fact that the B73 genome used as the reference only represents a fraction of all haplotypes is still an important limiting factor.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Robert Bukowski</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiaosen Guo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yanli Lu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng Zou</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bing He</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhengqin Rong</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bo Wang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dawen Xu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bicheng Yang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuanxiao Xie</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Longjiang Fan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shibin Gao</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xun Xu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gengyun Zhang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yingrui Li</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yinping Jiao</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>John Doebley</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vince Buffalo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cinta M Romay</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edward S Buckler</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yunbi Xu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jinsheng Lai</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doreen Ware</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi Sun</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-09-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/026963</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Construction of the third generation Zea mays haplotype map]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-09-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/028050v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Indel variant analysis of short-read sequencing data with Scalpel 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/028050v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As the second most common type of variations in the human genome, insertions and deletions (indels) have been linked to many diseases, but indels of more than a few bases are still challenging to discover from short-read sequencing data. Scalpel (http://scalpel.sourceforge.net) is open-source software for reliable indel detection based on the micro-assembly technique. To date, it has been successfully used to discover mutations in novel candidate genes for autism, and is extensively used in other large-scale studies of human diseases. This protocol gives an overview of the algorithm and describes how to use Scalpel to perform highly accurate indel calling from whole genome and exome sequencing data. We provide detailed instructions for an exemplary family-based de novo study, but we also characterize the other two supported modes of operation for single sample and somatic analysis. Indel normalization, visualization, and annotation of the mutations are also illustrated. Using a standard server, indel discovery and characterization in the exonic regions of the example sequencing data can be finished in ~6 hours after read mapping.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Han Fang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ewa A. Grabowska</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanika Arora</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vladimir Vacic</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael C. Zody</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivan Iossifov</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jason A. ORawe</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yiyang Wu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laura T Jimenez Barron</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Julie Rosenbaum</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael Ronemus</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoon-ha Lee</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zihua Wang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gholson J. Lyon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael Wigler</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael C. Schatz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giuseppe Narzisi</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/028050</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Indel variant analysis of short-read sequencing data with Scalpel]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/031716v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Shared generative rules of locomotor behavior in arthropods and vertebrates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/031716v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The discovery of shared behavioral processes across phyla is an essential step in the establishment of a comparative study of behavior. We use immobility as an origin and reference for the measurement of locomotor behavior; speed, direction of walking and direction of facing as the three degrees of freedom shaping fly locomotor behavior; and cocaine as the parameter inducing a progressive transition in and out of immobility. In this way we expose and quantify the generative rules that shape part of fruit fly locomotor behavior, bringing about a gradual buildup of freedom during the transition from immobility to normal behavior and a precisely opposite narrowing down during the transition into immobility. During buildup the fly exhibits enhancement and then reduction to normal values of movement along each degree of freedom: first, body rotation in the horizontal plane, then path curvature and then speed of translation. Transition into immobility unfolds by narrowing down of the repertoire in the opposite sequential order, showing reciprocal relations during both buildup and narrowing down. The same generative rules apply to vertebrate locomotor behavior in a variety of contexts involving transition out and into immobility. Recent claims for deep homology between the arthropod central complex and the vertebrate basal ganglia provide an opportunity to examine whether the generative rules we discovered also share common descent. Neurochemical processes mediating the buildup of locomotor behavior in vertebrates could guide the search for equivalent processes in arthropods. The measurement methodology we use prompts the discovery of candidate behavioral homologies.nnSignificance StatementDo flies and mice share the same behavior? By defining immobility as an intrinsic reference point for locomotor behavior we show that the rules that generate the transition from immobility to full blown normal behavior, and from full blown behavior to immobility are shared by fruit flies and mice. These rules constitute a much desired aim of evolutionary biology: the discovery of behavioral homologies across distant phyla. The methodology we use facilitates the discovery of cross-phyletic behavioral homologies, shedding light on the problem of the evolution of behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alex Gomez-Marin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Efrat Oron</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anna Gakamsky</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dan Valente</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoav Benjamini</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ilan Golani</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-11-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/031716</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Shared generative rules of locomotor behavior in arthropods and vertebrates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-11-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/034488v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Architecting a distributed bioinformatics platform with iRODS and iPlant Agave API 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/034488v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Over the past few years, cloud-based platforms have been proposed to address storage, management, and computation of large-scale data, especially in the field of genomics. However, for collaboration efforts involving multiple institutes, data transfer and management, interoperability and standardization among different platforms have imposed new challenges. This paper proposes a distributed bioinformatics platform that can leverage local clusters with remote computational clusters for genomic analysis using the unified bioinformatics workflow. The platform is built with a data server configured with iRODS, a computation cluster authenticated with iPlant Agave system, and web server to interact with the platform. A Genome-Wide Association Study workflow is integrated to validate the feasibility of the proposed approach.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liya Wang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peter Van Buren</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doreen Ware</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-12-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/034488</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Architecting a distributed bioinformatics platform with iRODS and iPlant Agave API]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-12-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/036335v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Measuring the sequence-affinity landscape of antibodies with massively parallel titration curves 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/036335v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite the central role that antibodies play in the adaptive immune system and in biotechnology, much remains unknown about the quantitative relationship between an antibodys amino acid sequence and its antigen binding affinity. Here we describe a new experimental approach, called TiteSeq, that is capable of measuring binding titration curves and corresponding affinities for thousands of variant antibodies in parallel. The measurement of titration curves eliminates the confounding effects of antibody expression and stability that arise in standard deep mutational scanning assays. We demonstrate Tite-Seq on the CDR1H and CDR3H regions of a well-studied scFv antibody. Our data shed light on the structural basis for antigen binding affinity and suggests a role for secondary CDR loops in establishing antibody stability. Tite-Seq fills a large gap in the ability to measure critical aspects of the adaptive immune system, and can be readily used for studying sequence-affinity landscapes in other protein systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rhys M Adams</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Justin B Kinney</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thierry Mora</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aleksandra M Walczak</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-01-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/036335</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Measuring the sequence-affinity landscape of antibodies with massively parallel titration curves]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-01-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/036418v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification and characterization of long non-coding RNAs as targets of mammary tumor cell proliferation and migration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/036418v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent genome-wide studies revealed that as much as 80% of the human genome can be transcribed whereas only 2% of this RNA is translated into proteins. Non-coding transcripts can be subdivided into several groups, with long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) representing the largest and most diverse class. With breast cancer being the most frequent malignancy in women worldwide, we set out to investigate the potential of lncRNAs as novel therapeutic targets. By performing RNA-Seq on tumor sections and mammary organoids from MMTV-PyMT and MMTV-Neu-NDL mice, modeling the luminal B and HER2/neu-amplified subtypes of human breast cancer respectively, we generated a comprehensive catalog of differentially expressed lncRNAs. We identified several hundred potentially oncogenic lncRNAs that were over-expressed in a subtype-specific manner as well as numerous lncRNAs up-regulated in both models. Among these lncRNA we defined a subset of 30 previously uncharacterized lncRNAs as Mammary Tumor Associated RNAs (MaTARs) and we identified human orthologs. We functionally validated the role of these MaTARs by antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) mediated knockdown in primary mammary tumor cells and 3D ex vivo organoids. Upon independent knockdown of 15 MaTARs, we observed significantly reduced cell proliferation, invasion and/or collective cell migration in a cancer-specific context. Thus, MaTARs are likely key drivers of mammary tumor progression and/or metastasis and represent promising new therapeutic targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sarah D Diermeier</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kung-Chi Chang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Susan M Freier</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Junyan Song</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexander Krasnitz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frank Rigo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>C. Frank Bennett</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David Spector</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-01-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/036418</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification and characterization of long non-coding RNAs as targets of mammary tumor cell proliferation and migration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-01-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/040162v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-chromosome aneuploidy commonly functions as a tumor suppressor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/040162v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Whole-chromosome aneuploidy is a hallmark of human malignancies. The prevalence of chromosome segregation errors in cancer - first noted more than 100 years ago - has led to the widespread belief that aneuploidy plays a crucial role in tumor development. Here, we set out to test this hypothesis. We transduced congenic euploid and trisomic fibroblasts with 14 different oncogenes or oncogene combinations, thereby creating genetically-matched cancer cell lines that differ only in karyotype. Surprisingly, nearly all aneuploid cell lines divided slowly in vitro, formed few colonies in soft agar, and grew poorly as xenografts, relative to matched euploid lines. Similar results were obtained when comparing a near-diploid human colorectal cancer cell line with derivatives of that line that harbored extra chromosomes. Only a few aneuploid lines grew at close to wild-type levels, and no aneuploid line exhibited greater tumorigenic capabilities than its euploid counterpart. These results demonstrate that rather than promoting tumorigenesis, aneuploidy, particularly single chromosome gains, can very often function as a tumor suppressor. Moreover, our results suggest one potential way that cancers can overcome the tumor suppressive effects of aneuploidy: rapidly-growing aneuploid cell lines that had evolved in vitro or in vivo demonstrated recurrent karyotype changes that were absent from their euploid counterparts. Thus, the genome-destabilizing effects of single-chromosome aneuploidy may facilitate the development of balanced, high-complexity karyotypes that are frequently found in advanced malignancies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jason Meyer Sheltzer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Julie H. Ko</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicole C. Habibe Burgos</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erica S. Chung</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colleen M. Meehl</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verena Passerini</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuzana Storchova</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angelika Amon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/040162</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-chromosome aneuploidy commonly functions as a tumor suppressor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/041707v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MECP2 regulates cortical plasticity underlying a learned behavior in adult female mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/041707v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurodevelopmental disorders begin with the emergence of inappropriate synaptic connectivity early in life, yet how the sustained disruption of experience-dependent plasticity aggravates symptoms in adulthood is unclear. Here we used pup retrieval learning to assay adult cortical plasticity in a female mouse model of Rett syndrome (MeCP2het). We show that auditory cortical plasticity and retrieval learning are impaired in MeCP2het. Specifically, normal MECP2 expression in the adult auditory cortex is required for efficient retrieval learning. In wild-type mice, cohabitation with a mother and her pups triggered transient changes to auditory cortical inhibitory networks, including elevated levels of the GABA-synthesizing enzyme GAD67. However, MeCP2het further exhibited increased expression of parvalbumin (PV) and perineuronal nets (PNNs), events thought to suppress plasticity at the closure of critical periods and in adult learning. Averting these events with genetic and pharmacological manipulations of the GABAergic network restored retrieval behavior. We propose that adult retrieval learning triggers a transient episode of inhibitory plasticity in the auditory cortex that is dysregulated in MeCP2het. This window of heightened sensitivity to social sensory cues reveals a role of MeCP2 mutations in facilitating adult plasticity that is distinct from their effects on early development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Keerthi Krishnan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Billy Lau</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabrielle Ewall</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Z. Josh Huang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephen David Shea</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-02-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/041707</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MECP2 regulates cortical plasticity underlying a learned behavior in adult female mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-02-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/043422v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Assessment of functional convergence across study designs in autism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/043422v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundDisagreements over genetic signatures associated with disease have been particularly prominent in the field of psychiatric genetics, creating a sharp divide between disease burdens attributed to common and rare variation, with study designs independently targeting each. Meta-analysis within each of these study designs is routine, whether using raw data or summary statistics, but combining results across study designs is atypical. However, tests of functional convergence are used across all study designs, where candidate gene sets are assessed for overlaps with previously known properties. This suggests one possible avenue for combining not study data, but the functional conclusions that they reach.nnMethodIn this work, we test for functional convergence in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) across different study types, and specifically whether the degree to which a gene is implicated in autism is correlated with the degree to which it drives functional convergence. Because different study designs are distinguishable by their differences in effect size, this also provides a unified means of incorporating the impact of study design into the analysis of convergence.nnResultsWe detected remarkably significant positive trends in aggregate (p < 2.2e-16) with 14 individually significant properties (FDR<0.01), many in areas researchers have targeted based on different reasoning, such as the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) interactor enrichment (FDR 0.003). We are also able to detect novel technical effects and we see that network enrichment from protein-protein interaction data is heavily confounded with study design, arising readily in control data.nnConclusionsWe see a convergent functional signal for a subset of known and novel functions in ASD from all sources of genetic variation. Meta-analytic approaches explicitly accounting for different study designs can be adapted to other diseases to discover novel functional associations and increase statistical power.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sara Ballouz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jesse Gillis</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/043422</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Assessment of functional convergence across study designs in autism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/044669v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AuPairWise: a method to estimate RNA-seq replicability through co-expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/044669v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In addition to detecting novel transcripts and higher dynamic range, a principal claim for RNA-sequencing has been greater replicability, typically measured in sample-sample correlations of gene expression levels. Through a re-analysis of ENCODE data, we show that replicability of transcript abundances will provide misleading estimates of the replicability of conditional variation in transcript abundances (i.e., most expression experiments). Heuristics which implicitly address this problem have emerged in quality control measures to obtain  good differential expression results. However, these methods involve strict filters such as discarding low expressing genes or using technical replicates to remove discordant transcripts, and are costly or simply ad hoc. As an alternative, we model gene-level replicability of differential activity using co-expressing genes. We find that sets of housekeeping interactions provide a sensitive means of estimating the replicability of expression changes, where the co-expressing pair can be regarded as pseudo-replicates of one another. We model the effects of noise that perturbs a genes expression within its usual distribution of values and show that perturbing expression by only 5% within that range is readily detectable (AUROC~0.73). We have made our method available as a set of easily implemented R scripts.nnAuthor SummaryRNA-sequencing has become a popular means to detect the expression levels of genes. However, quality control is still challenging, requiring both extreme measures and rules which are set in stone from extensive previous analysis. Instead of relying on these rules, we show that co-expression can be used to measure biological replicability with extremely high precision. Co-expression is a well-studied phenomenon, in which two genes that are known to form a functional unit are also expressed at similar levels, and change in similar ways across conditions. Using this concept, we can detect how well an experiment replicates by measuring how well it has retained the co-expression pattern across defined gene-pairs. We do this by measuring how easy it is to detect a sample to which some noise has been added. We show this method is a useful tool for quality control.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sara Ballouz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jesse Gillis</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-03-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/044669</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AuPairWise: a method to estimate RNA-seq replicability through co-expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-03-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/044925v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Assemblytics: a web analytics tool for the detection of assembly-based variants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/044925v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryAssemblytics is a web app for detecting and analyzing structural variants from a de novo genome assembly aligned to a reference genome. It incorporates a unique anchor filtering approach to increase robustness to repetitive elements, and identifies six classes of variants based on their distinct alignment signatures. Assemblytics can be applied both to comparing aberrant genomes, such as human cancers, to a reference, or to identify differences between related species. Multiple interactive visualizations enable in-depth explorations of the genomic distributions of variants.nnAvailability and Implementationhttp://qb.cshl.edu/assemblytics, https://github.com/marianattestad/assemblyticsnnContact: mnattest@cshl.edunnSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Maria Nattestad</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael C Schatz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/044925</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Assemblytics: a web analytics tool for the detection of assembly-based variants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/045435v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modeling multi-particle complexes in stochastic chemical systems 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/045435v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Large complexes of classical particles play central roles in biology, in polymer physics, and in other disciplines. However, physics currently lacks mathematical methods for describing such complexes in terms of component particles, interaction energies, and assembly rules. Here we describe a Fock space structure that addresses this need, as well as diagrammatic methods that facilitate the use of this formalism. These methods can dramatically simplify the equations governing both equilibrium and non-equilibrium stochastic chemical systems. A mathematical relationship between the set of all complexes and a list of rules for complex assembly is also identified.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Muir J Morrison</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Justin B Kinney</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/045435</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modeling multi-particle complexes in stochastic chemical systems]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/048058v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The mutational landscape of EGFR-, MYC-, and Kras- driven genetically-engineered mouse models of lung adenocarcinoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/048058v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetically-engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of cancer are increasingly being utilized to assess putative driver mutations identified by large scale sequencing of human cancer genomes. In order to accurately interpret experiments that introduce additional mutations, an understanding of the somatic genetic profile and evolution of GEMM tumors is necessary. Here, we performed whole exome sequencing of tumors from three GEMMs of lung adenocarcinoma driven by mutant EGFR, mutant Kras or by overexpression of MYC. Tumors from EGFR- and Kras- driven models exhibited respectively 0.02 and 0.07 non-synonymous mutations/megabase, a dramatically lower average mutational frequency than observed in human lung adenocarcinomas. Tumors from models driven by strong cancer drivers (mutant EGFR and Kras) harbored few mutations in known cancer genes, whereas tumors driven by MYC, a weaker initiating oncogene in the murine lung, acquired recurrent clonal oncogenic Kras mutations. In addition, although EGFR- and Kras- driven models both exhibited recurrent whole chromosome DNA copy number alterations, the specific chromosomes altered by gain or loss were different in each model. These data demonstrate that GEMM tumors exhibit relatively simple somatic genotypes compared to human cancers of a similar type, making these autochthonous model systems useful for additive engineering approaches to assess the potential of novel mutations on tumorigenesis, cancer progression, and drug sensitivity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>David McFadden</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katerina Politi</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arjun Bhutkar</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frances K Chen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiaoling Song</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mono Pirun</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Philip M Santiago</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caroline Kim</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James T Platt</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emily Lee</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emily Hodges</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adam P Rosebrock</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roderick Bronson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicholas D Socci</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gregory Hannon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tyler Jacks</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harold Varmus</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-04-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/048058</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The mutational landscape of EGFR-, MYC-, and Kras- driven genetically-engineered mouse models of lung adenocarcinoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-04-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/048603v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Third-generation sequencing and the future of genomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/048603v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Third-generation long-range DNA sequencing and mapping technologies are creating a renaissance in high-quality genome sequencing. Unlike second-generation sequencing, which produces short reads a few hundred base-pairs long, third-generation single-molecule technologies generate over 10,000 bp reads or map over 100,000 bp molecules. We analyze how increased read lengths can be used to address longstanding problems in de novo genome assembly, structural variation analysis and haplotype phasing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hayan Lee</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James Gurtowski</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shinjae Yoo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maria Nattestad</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shoshana Marcus</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sara Goodwin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>W. Richard McCombie</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael Schatz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-04-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/048603</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Third-generation sequencing and the future of genomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-04-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/053900v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
C. elegans PVD Neurons: A Platform for Functionally Validating and  Characterizing Neuropsychiatric Risk Genes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/053900v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
One of the primary challenges in the field of psychiatric genetics is the lack of an in vivo model system in which to functionally validate candidate neuropsychiatric risk genes (NRGs) in a rapid and cost-effective manner1-3. To overcome this obstacle, we performed a candidate-based RNAi screen in which C. elegans orthologs of human NRGs were assayed for dendritic arborization and cell specification defects using C. elegans PVD neurons. Of 66 NRGs, identified via exome sequencing of autism (ASD)4 or schizophrenia (SCZ)5-9 probands and whose mutations are de novo and predicted to result in a complete or partial loss of protein function, the C. elegans orthologs of 7 NRGs were found to be required for proper neuronal development and represent a variety of functional classes, including transcriptional regulators and chromatin remodelers, molecular chaperones, and cytoskeleton-related proteins. Notably, the positive hit rate, when selectively assaying C. elegans orthologs of ASD and SCZ NRGs, is enriched >14-fold as compared to unbiased RNAi screening10. Furthermore, we find that RNAi phenotypes associated with the depletion of NRG orthologs is recapitulated in genetic mutant animals, and, via genetic interaction studies, we show that the NRG ortholog of ANK2, unc-44, is required for SAX-7/MNR-1/DMA-1 signaling. Collectively, our studies demonstrate that C. elegans PVD neurons are a tractable model in which to discover and dissect the fundamental molecular mechanisms underlying neuropsychiatric disease pathogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cristina Aguirre-Chen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nuri Kim</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olivia Mendivil Ramos</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melissa Kramer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>W. Richard McCombie</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christopher M. Hammell</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/053900</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[C. elegans PVD Neurons: A Platform for Functionally Validating and  Characterizing Neuropsychiatric Risk Genes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/054312v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-throughput mapping of single neuron projections by sequencing of barcoded RNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/054312v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurons transmit information to distant brain regions via long-range axonal projections. In the mouse, area-to-area connections have only been systematically mapped using bulk labeling techniques, which obscure the diverse projections of intermingled single neurons. Here we describe MAPseq (Multiplexed Analysis of Projections by Sequencing), a technique that can map the projections of thousands or even millions of single neurons by labeling large sets of neurons with random RNA sequences ("barcodes"). Axons are filled with barcode mRNA, each putative projection area isdissected, and the barcode mRNA is extracted and sequenced. Applying MAPseq to the locus coeruleus (LC), we find that individual LC neurons have preferred cortical targets. By recasting neuroanatomy, which is traditionallyviewed as a problem of microscopy, as a problem of sequencing, MAPseq harnesses advances in sequencing technology to permit high-throughput interrogation of brain circuits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Justus M Kebschull</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pedro Garcia da Silva</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashlan P Reid</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ian D Peikon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dinu F Albeanu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anthony M Zador</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-05-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/054312</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-throughput mapping of single neuron projections by sequencing of barcoded RNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-05-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/054676v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MPAthic: quantitative modeling of sequence-function relationships for massively parallel assays 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/054676v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Massively parallel assays (MPAs) are being rapidly adopted for studying a wide range of DNA, RNA, and protein sequence-function relationships. However, the software available for quantitatively modeling these relationships is severely limited. Here we describe MPAthic, a software package that enables the rapid inference of such models from a variety of MPA datasets. Using both simulated and previously published data, we show that the modeling capabilities of MPAthic greatly improve on those of existing software. In particular, only MPAthic can accurately quantify the strength of epistatic interactions. These capabilities address a major need in the analysis of MPA data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>William T. Ireland</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Justin B. Kinney</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/054676</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MPAthic: quantitative modeling of sequence-function relationships for massively parallel assays]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/054759v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Parvalbumin interneuron dysfunction in a thalamus - prefrontal cortex circuit in Disc1 deficiency mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/054759v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Two of the most consistent findings across disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) mouse models are impaired working memory and reduced number or function of parvalbumin interneurons within the prefrontal cortex. While these findings suggest parvalbumin interneuron dysfunction in DISC1-related pathophysiology, to date, cortical inhibitory circuit function has not been investigated in depth in DISC1 deficiency mouse models. Here we assessed the function of a feedforward circuit between the mediodorsal thalamus (MD) and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in mice harboring a deletion in one allele of the Disc1 gene. We found that the inhibitory drive onto layer 3 pyramidal neurons in the mPFC was significantly reduced in the Disc1 deficient mice. This reduced inhibition was accompanied by decreased GABA release from local parvalbumin, but not somatostatin, inhibitory interneurons, and by impaired feedforward inhibition in the MD-mPFC circuit. Our results reveal a cellular mechanism by which deficiency in DISC1 causes neural circuit dysfunction frequently implicated in psychiatric disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kristen Delevich</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanna Jaaro-Peled</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mario Penzo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akira Sawa</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bo Li</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/054759</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Parvalbumin interneuron dysfunction in a thalamus - prefrontal cortex circuit in Disc1 deficiency mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/056887v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phased Diploid Genome Assembly with Single Molecule Real-Time Sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/056887v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While genome assembly projects have been successful in a number of haploid or inbred species, one of the current main challenges is assembling non-inbred or rearranged heterozygous genomes. To address this critical need, we introduce the open-source FALCON and FALCON-Unzip algorithms (https://github.com/PacificBiosciences/FALCON/) to assemble Single Molecule Real-Time (SMRT(R)) Sequencing data into highly accurate, contiguous, and correctly phased diploid genomes. We demonstrate the quality of this approach by assembling new reference sequences for three heterozygous samples, including an F1 hybrid of the model species Arabidopsis thaliana, the widely cultivated V. vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon, and the coral fungus Clavicorona pyxidata that have challenged short-read assembly approaches. The FALCON-based assemblies were substantially more contiguous and complete than alternate short or long-read approaches. The phased diploid assembly enabled the study of haplotype structures and heterozygosities between the homologous chromosomes, including identifying widespread heterozygous structural variations within the coding sequences.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen-Shan Chin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul Peluso</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fritz J. Sedlazeck</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maria Nattestad</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gregory T. Concepcion</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alicia Clum</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christopher Dunn</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ronan O'Malley</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosa Figueroa-Balderas</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abraham Morales-Cruz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grant R. Cramer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Massimo Delledonne</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chongyuan Luo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joseph R. Ecker</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dario Cantu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David R. Rank</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael C. Schatz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/056887</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phased Diploid Genome Assembly with Single Molecule Real-Time Sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/062471v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rare copy number variants in NRXN1 and CNTN6 increase risk for Tourette syndrome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/062471v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tourette syndrome (TS) is highly heritable, although identification of its underlying genetic cause(s) has remained elusive. We examined a European ancestry sample composed of 2,435 TS cases and 4,100 controls for copy-number variants (CNVs) using SNP microarrays and identified two genome-wide significant loci that confer a substantial increase in risk for TS (NRXN1, OR=20.3, 95%CI [2.6-156.2], p=6.0 x 10-6; CNTN6, OR=10.1, 95% CI [2.3-45.4], p=3.7 x 10-5). Approximately 1% of TS cases carried one of these CNVs, indicating that rare structural variation contributes significantly to the genetic architecture of TS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alden Y Huang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dongmei Yu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lea K Davis</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jae-Hoon Sul</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fotis Tsetsos</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasily Ramensky</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivette Zelaya</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eliana Marisa Ramos</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lisa Osiecki</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jason A Chen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lauren M McGrath</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cornelia Illmann</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul Sandor</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cathy L Barr</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marco Grados</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harvey S Singer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markus M Noethen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johannes Hebebrand</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robert A King</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yves Dion</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guy Rouleau</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cathy L Budman</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christel Depienne</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yulia Worbe</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreas Hartmann</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirsten R Muller-Vahl</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manfred Stuhrmann</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harald Aschauer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mara Stamenkovic</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monika Schloegelhofer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anastasios Konstantinidis</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gholson L Lyon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>William M McMahon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Csaba Barta</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zsanett Tarnok</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peter Nagy</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James R Batterson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renata Rizzo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danielle C Cath</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-07-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/062471</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rare copy number variants in NRXN1 and CNTN6 increase risk for Tourette syndrome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-07-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/066639v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Posterior parietal cortex guides visual decisions in rats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/066639v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurons in putative decision-making structures can reflect both sensory and decision signals, making their causal role in decisions unclear. Here, we tested whether rat posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is causal for processing visual sensory signals or instead for accumulating evidence for decision alternatives. We optogenetically disrupted PPC activity during decision-making and compared effects on decisions guided by auditory vs. visual evidence. Deficits were largely restricted to visual decisions. To further test for visual dominance in PPC, we evaluated electrophysiological responses following individual sensory events and observed much larger responses following visual stimuli than auditory stimuli. Finally, we measured spike count variability during stimulus presentation and decision formation. This sharply decreased, suggesting the network is stabilized by inputs, unlike what would be expected if sensory signals were locally accumulated. Our findings argue that PPC plays a causal role in discriminating visual signals that are accumulated elsewhere.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Angela M. Licata</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matthew T. Kaufman</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David Raposo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael B. Ryan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>John P. Sheppard</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anne K. Churchland</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-07-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/066639</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Posterior parietal cortex guides visual decisions in rats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-07-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/069682v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fast, scalable prediction of deleterious noncoding variants from functional and population genomic data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/069682v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Across many species, a large fraction of genetic variants that influence phenotypes of interest is located outside of protein-coding genes, yet existing methods for identifying such variants have poor predictive power. Here, we introduce a new computational method, called LINSIGHT, that substantially improves the prediction of noncoding nucleotide sites at which mutations are likely to have deleterious fitness consequences, and which therefore are likely to be phenotypically important. LINSIGHT combines a simple neural network for functional genomic data with a probabilistic model of molecular evolution. The method is fast and highly scalable, enabling it to exploit the "Big Data" available in modern genomics. We show that LINSIGHT outperforms the best available methods in identifying human noncoding variants associated with inherited diseases. In addition, we apply LINSIGHT to an atlas of human enhancers and show that the fitness consequences at enhancers depend on cell-type, tissue specificity, and constraints at associated promoters.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yi-Fei Huang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brad Gulko</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adam Siepel</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-08-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/069682</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fast, scalable prediction of deleterious noncoding variants from functional and population genomic data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-08-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/075978v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GenomeScope: Fast reference-free genome profiling from short reads 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/075978v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryGenomeScope is an open-source web tool to rapidly estimate the overall characteristics of a genome, including genome size, heterozygosity rate, and repeat content from unprocessed short reads. These features are essential for studying genome evolution, and help to choose parameters for downstream analysis. We demonstrate its accuracy on 324 simulated and 16 real datasets with a wide range in genome sizes, heterozygosity levels, and error rates.nnAvailability and Implementationhttp://genomescope.org, https://github.com/schatzlab/genomescope.gitnnContactmschatz@jhu.edu.nnSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gregory W Vurture</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fritz J Sedlazeck</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maria Nattestad</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charles J. Underwood</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han Fang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James Gurtowski</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael Schatz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/075978</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GenomeScope: Fast reference-free genome profiling from short reads]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/076901v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SiLiCO: A Simulator of Long Read Sequencing in PacBio and Oxford Nanopore 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/076901v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryLong read sequencing platforms, which include the widely used Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) platform and the emerging Oxford Nanopore platform, aim to produce sequence fragments in excess of 15-20 kilobases, and have proved advantageous in the identification of structural variants and easing genome assembly. However, long read sequencing remains relatively expensive and error prone, and failed sequencing runs represent a significant problem for genomics core facilities. To quantitatively assess the underlying mechanics of sequencing failure, it is essential to have highly reproducible and controllable reference data sets to which sequencing results can be compared. Here, we present SiLiCO, the first in silico simulation tool to generate standardized sequencing results from both of the leading long read sequencing platforms.nnAvailabilitySiLiCO is an open source package written in Python. It is freely available at https://www.github.com/ethanagbaker/SiLiCO under the GNU GPL 3.0 license.nnContact<emails>nnSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ethan Alexander Garcia Baker</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sara Goodwin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>W. Richard McCombie</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olivia Mendivil Ramos</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-09-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/076901</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SiLiCO: A Simulator of Long Read Sequencing in PacBio and Oxford Nanopore]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-09-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/077875v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An odor delivery system for arbitrary time-varying patterns of odors, mixtures and concentrations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/077875v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Odor stimuli in the natural environment are intermittent and the concentration of any given odor fluctuates rapidly over time. Further, even in the simplest scenario, the olfactory sensors receive uncorrelated, intermittent inputs in the form of odor plumes arising from several odor sources in the local environment. However, typically used odor stimuli under laboratory settings are restricted to long-duration (~seconds), single pulse of one odor at a time that are rarely encountered in nature. This inadequate choice of odor stimuli is due to the dearth of affordable odor delivery systems that can generate plume-like, naturalistic stimuli with high reproducibility such as to allow for repeat measurements under laboratory conditions. We thus developed an odor delivery system that generates arbitrary time-varying patterns of individual odors and ternary mixtures at time scales of ~20 Hz. Here, we provide a detailed description of the construction and output characterization of our odor delivery system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Priyanka Gupta</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dinu F Albeanu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Upinder S Bhalla</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-09-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/077875</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An odor delivery system for arbitrary time-varying patterns of odors, mixtures and concentrations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-09-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/078261v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MUMdex: MUM-based structural variation detection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/078261v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationStandard genome sequence alignment tools primarily designed to find one alignment per read have difficulty detecting inversion, translocation and large insertion and deletion (indel) events. Moreover, dedicated split read alignment methods that depend only upon the reference genome may misidentify or find too many potential split read alignments because of reference genome anomalies.nnMethodsWe introduce MUMdex, a Maximal Unique Match (MUM)-based genomic analysis software package consisting of a sequence aligner to the reference genome, a storage-indexing format and analysis software. Discordant reference alignments of MUMs are especially suitable for identifying inversion, translocation and large indel differences in unique regions. Extracted population databases are used as filters for flaws in the reference genome. We describe the concepts underlying MUM-based analysis, the software implementation and its usage.nnResultsWe demonstrate via simulation that the MUMdex aligner and alignment format are able to correctly detect and record genomic events. We characterize alignment performance and output file sizes for human whole genome data and compare to Bowtie 2 and the BAM format. Preliminary results demonstrate the practicality of the analysis approach by detecting de novo mutation candidates in human whole genome DNA sequence data from 510 families. We provide a population database of events from these families for use by others.nnAvailabilityhttp://mumdex.com/nnContactandrewsp@cshl.edu (or paa@drpa.us)nnSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available online.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Peter A Andrews</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivan Iossifov</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jude Kendall</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steven Marks</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lakshmi Muthuswamy</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zihua Wang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dan Levy</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael Wigler</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/078261</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MUMdex: MUM-based structural variation detection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/079004v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The complex sequence landscape of maize revealed by single molecule technologies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/079004v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Complete and accurate reference genomes and annotations provide fundamental tools for characterization of genetic and functional variation. These resources facilitate elucidation of biological processes and support translation of research findings into improved and sustainable agricultural technologies. Many reference genomes for crop plants have been generated over the past decade, but these genomes are often fragmented and missing complex repeat regions. Here, we report the assembly and annotation of maize, a genetic and agricultural model species, using Single Molecule Real-Time (SMRT) sequencing and high-resolution optical mapping. Relative to the previous reference genome, our assembly features a 52-fold increase in contig length and significant improvements in the assembly of intergenic spaces and centromeres. Characterization of the repetitive portion of the genome revealed over 130,000 intact transposable elements (TEs), allowing us to identify TE lineage expansions unique to maize. Gene annotations were updated using 111,000 full-length transcripts obtained by SMRT sequencing. In addition, comparative optical mapping of two other inbreds revealed a prevalence of deletions in the low gene density region and maize lineage-specific genes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peluso, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stitzer, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chin, C.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guill, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Regulski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumari, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gent, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneider, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfgruber, T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>May, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Springer, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antoniou, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCombie, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Presting, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMullen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ross-Ibarra, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dawe, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hastie, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rank, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ware, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-12-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/079004</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The complex sequence landscape of maize revealed by single molecule technologies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-12-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/080127v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Using predictive specificity to determine when gene set analysis is biologically meaningful 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/080127v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene set analysis, which translates gene lists into enriched functions, is among the most common bioinformatic methods. Yet few would advocate taking the results at face value. Not only is there no agreement on the algorithms themselves, there is no agreement on how to benchmark them. In this paper, we evaluate the robustness and uniqueness of enrichment results as a means of assessing methods even where correctness is unknown. We show that heavily annotated ("multifunctional") genes are likely to appear in genomics study results and drive the generation of biologically non-specific enrichment results as well as highly fragile significances. By providing a means of determining where enrichment analyses report non-specific and non-robust findings, we are able to assess where we can be confident in their use. We find significant progress in recent bias correction methods for enrichment and provide our own software implementation. Our approach can be readily adapted to any pre-existing package.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sara Ballouz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul Pavlidis</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jesse Gillis</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-10-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/080127</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Using predictive specificity to determine when gene set analysis is biologically meaningful]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-10-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/082123v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ribbon: Visualizing complex genome alignments and structural variation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/082123v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To the EditorVisualization has played an extremely important role in the current genomic revolution to inspect and understand variants, expression patterns, evolutionary changes, and a number of other relationships1-3. However, most of the information in read-to-reference or genome-genome alignments is lost for structural variations in the one-dimensional views of most genome browsers showing only reference coordinates. Instead, structural variations captured by long reads or assembled contigs often need more context to understand, including alignments and other genomic information from multiple chromosomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nattestad, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chin, C.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schatz, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-10-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/082123</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ribbon: Visualizing complex genome alignments and structural variation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-10-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/083212v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Natural Selection has Shaped Coding and Non-coding Transcription in Primate CD4+ T-cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/083212v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcriptional regulatory changes have been shown to contribute to phenotypic differences between species, but many questions remain about how gene expression evolves. Here we report the first comparative study of nascent transcription in primates. We used PRO-seq to map actively transcribing RNA polymerases in resting and activated CD4+ T-cells in multiple human, chimpanzee, and rhesus macaque individuals, with rodents as outgroups. This approach allowed us to measure transcription separately from post-transcriptional processes. We observed general conservation in coding and non-coding transcription, punctuated by numerous differences between species, particularly at distal enhancers and non-coding RNAs. We found evidence that transcription factor binding sites are a primary determinant of transcriptional differences between species, that stabilizing selection maintains gene expression levels despite frequent changes at distal enhancers, and that adaptive substitutions have driven lineage-specific transcription. Finally, we found strong correlations between evolutionary rates and long-range chromatin interactions. These observations clarify the role of primary transcription in regulatory evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Danko, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rice, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martins, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tait Wojno, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lis, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kraus, L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siepel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-10-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/083212</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Natural Selection has Shaped Coding and Non-coding Transcription in Primate CD4+ T-cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-10-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/083816v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rare disruptive variants in the DISC1 Interactome and Regulome: association with cognitive ability and schizophrenia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/083816v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD) and recurrent major depressive disorder (rMDD) are common psychiatric illnesses. All have been associated with lower cognitive ability, and show evidence of genetic overlap and substantial evidence of pleiotropy with cognitive function and neuroticism. Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) protein directly interacts with a large set of proteins (DISC1 Interactome) that are involved in brain development and signaling. Modulation of DISC1 expression alters the expression of a circumscribed set of genes (DISC1 Regulome) that are also implicated in brain biology and disorder. Here, we report targeted sequencing of 59 DISC1 Interactome genes and 154 Regulome genes in 654 psychiatric patients and 889 cognitively-phenotyped control subjects, on whom we previously reported evidence for trait association from complete sequencing of the DISC1 locus. Burden analyses of rare and singleton variants predicted to be damaging were performed for psychiatric disorders, cognitive variables and personality traits. The DISC1 Interactome and Regulome showed differential association across the phenotypes tested. After family-wise error correction across all traits (FWERacross), an increased burden of singleton disruptive variants in the Regulome was associated with SCZ (FWERacross P=0.0339). The burden of singleton disruptive variants in the DISC1 Interactome was associated with low cognitive ability at age 11 (FWERacross P=0.0043). These results suggest that variants in the DISC1 Interactome effect the risk of psychiatric illness through altered expression of schizophrenia-associated genes. The biological impact of rare variants highlighted here merit further study.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Teng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomson, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCarthy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kramer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muller, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lihm, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soares, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hennah, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camargo, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malkov, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McIntosh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Millar, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blackwood, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deary, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porteous, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCombie, W. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/083816</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rare disruptive variants in the DISC1 Interactome and Regulome: association with cognitive ability and schizophrenia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/087551v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metrics for comparing Neuronal Tree Shapes based on Persistent Homology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/087551v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The geometrical tree structures of axonal and dendritic processes play important roles in determining the architecture and capabilities of neuronal circuitry. Morphological features based on this tree structure have played a central role in classifying neurons for over a century. Yet geometrical trees are not automatically adapted to the basic mathematical tool used widely in data analysis, namely vector spaces and linear algebra, since tree geometries cannot be naturally added and subtracted. Current methods for analysis reduce trees to feature vectors in more or less ad hoc ways. A more natural mathematical object suited to characterizing neuronal tree geometries, is a metric space, where only distances between objects need be defined. In recent years, there have been significant developments in the fields of computational topology and geometry that promise to be useful for the analysis of neuronal geometries. In this paper, we adapt these tools to the problem of characterizing and analyzing neuronal morphology.nnAs more and more neuroanatomical data are made available through efforts such as NeuroMorpho.org and FlyCircuit.org, the need to develop computational tools to facilitate automatic knowledge discovery from such large datasets becomes more urgent. One fundamental question is how best to compare neuron structures, for instance to organize and classify large collection of neurons. We aim to develop a flexible yet powerful framework to support comparison and classification of large collection of neuron structures efficiently. Specifically we propose to use a topological persistence-based feature vectorization framework. Existing methods to vectorize a neuron (i.e, convert a neuron to a feature vector so as to support efficient comparison and/or searching) typically rely on statistics or summaries of morphometric information, such as the average or maximum local torque angle or partition asymmetry. These simple summaries have limited power in encoding global tree structures. Leveraging recent development in topological data analysis, we vectorize each neuron structure into a simple yet informative summary via the use of topological persistence. In particular, each type of information of interest can be represented as a descriptor function defined on the neuron tree, which is then mapped to a simple persistence-signature. Our framework can encode both local and global tree structure, as well as other information of interest (electrophysiological or dynamical measures), by considering multiple descriptor functions on the neuron. The resulting persistence-based signature is potentially more informative than simple statistical summaries (such as average/mean/max) of morphometric quantities - Indeed, we show that using a certain descriptor function will give a persistence-based signature containing strictly more information than the classical Sholl analysis. At the same time, our framework retains the efficiency associated with treating neurons as points in a simple Euclidean feature space, which would be important for constructing efficient searching or indexing structures over them. We present preliminary experimental results to demonstrate the effectiveness of our persistence-based neuronal feature vectorization framework.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ascoli, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitra, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-11-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/087551</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metrics for comparing Neuronal Tree Shapes based on Persistent Homology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-11-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/087981v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SplitThreader: Exploration and analysis of rearrangements in cancer genomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/087981v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genomic rearrangements and associated copy number changes are important drivers in cancer as they can alter the expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressors, create gene fusions, and misregulate gene expression. Here we present SplitThreader (http://splitthreader.com), an open-source interactive web application for analysis and visualization of genomic rearrangements and copy number variation in cancer genomes. SplitThreader constructs a sequence graph of genomic rearrangements in the sample and uses a priority queue breadth-first search algorithm on the graph to search for novel interactions. This is applied to detect gene fusions and other novel sequences, as well as to evaluate distances in the rearranged genome between any genomic regions of interest, especially the repositioning of regulatory elements and their target genes. SplitThreader also analyzes each variant to categorize it by its relation to other variants and by its copy number concordance. This identifies balanced translocations, identifies simple and complex variants, and suggests likely false positives when copy number is not concordant across a candidate breakpoint. It also provides explanations when multiple variants affect the copy number state and obscure the contribution of a single variant, such as a deletion within a region that is overall amplified. Together, these categories triage the variants into groups and provide a starting point for further systematic analysis and manual curation. To demonstrate its utility, we apply SplitThreader to three cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and A549 with Illumina paired-end sequencing, and SK-BR-3, with long-read PacBio sequencing. Using SplitThreader, we examine the genomic rearrangements responsible for previously observed gene fusions in SK-BR-3 and MCF-7, and discover many of the fusions involved a complex series of multiple genomic rearrangements. We also find notable differences in the types of variants between the three cell lines, in particular a much higher proportion of reciprocal variants in SK-BR-3 and a distinct clustering of interchromosomal variants in SK-BR-3 and MCF-7 that is absent in A549.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nattestad, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alford, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sedlazeck, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schatz, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/087981</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SplitThreader: Exploration and analysis of rearrangements in cancer genomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/096354v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The DOE Systems Biology Knowledgebase (KBase) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/096354v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The U.S. Department of Energy Systems Biology Knowledgebase (KBase) is an open-source software and data platform designed to meet the grand challenge of systems biology -- predicting and designing biological function from the biomolecular (small scale) to the ecological (large scale). KBase is available for anyone to use, and enables researchers to collaboratively generate, test, compare, and share hypotheses about biological functions; perform large-scale analyses on scalable computing infrastructure; and combine experimental evidence and conclusions that lead to accurate models of plant and microbial physiology and community dynamics. The KBase platform has (1) extensible analytical capabilities that currently include genome assembly, annotation, ontology assignment, comparative genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolic modeling; (2) a web-browser-based user interface that supports building, sharing, and publishing reproducible and well-annotated analyses with integrated data; (3) access to extensive computational resources; and (4) a software development kit allowing the community to add functionality to the system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arkin, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevens, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cottingham, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maslov, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henry, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dehal, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ware, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, N. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Canon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sneddon, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henderson, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riehl, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunter, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy-Olson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamimura, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brettin, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chivian, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weston, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glass, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davison, B. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumari, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, B. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baumohl, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Best, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brenner, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bun, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandonia, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chia, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colasanti, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conrad, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeJongh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devoid, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dietrich, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drake, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dubchak, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edirisinghe, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faria, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fryb</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-12-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/096354</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The DOE Systems Biology Knowledgebase (KBase)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-12-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/098343v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Network cloning using DNA barcodes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/098343v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The connections between neurons determine the computations performed by both artificial and biological neural networks. Recently, we have proposed SYNseq, a method for converting the connectivity of a biological network into a form that can exploit the tremendous efficiencies of high-throughput DNA sequencing. In SYNseq, each neuron is tagged with a random sequence of DNA--a "barcode"--and synapses are represented as barcode pairs. SYNseq addresses the analysis problem, reducing a network into a suspension of barcode pairs. Here we formulate a novel and complementary synthesis problem: How can the suspension of barcode pairs be used to "clone" or copy the network back into an uninitialized tabula rasa network? Although this synthesis problem might be expected to be computationally intractable, we find that, surprisingly, this problem can be solved efficiently, using only neuron-local information. We present the "one barcode one cell" (OBOC) algorithm, which forces all barcodes of a given sequence to coalesce into the same neuron, and show that it converges in a number of steps that is a power law of the network size. Rapid and reliable network cloning with single synapse precision is thus theoretically possible.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shuvaev, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Başerdem, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zador, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koulakov, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-01-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/098343</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Network cloning using DNA barcodes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-01-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/103549v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LRSim: a Linked Reads Simulator generating insights for better genome partitioning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/103549v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationLinked reads are a form of DNA sequencing commercialized by 10X Genomics that uses highly multiplexed barcoding within microdroplets to tag short reads to progenitor molecules. The linked reads, spanning tens to hundreds of kilobases, offer an alternative to long-read sequencing for de novo assembly, haplotype phasing and other applications. However, there is no available simulator, making it difficult to measure their capability or develop new informatics tools.nnResultsOur analysis of 13 real linked read datasets revealed their characteristics of barcodes, molecules and partitions. Based on this, we introduce LRSim that simulates linked reads by emulating the library preparation and sequencing process with fine control of 1) the number of simulated variants; 2) the linked-read characteristics; and 3) the Illumina reads profile. We conclude from the phasing and genome assembly of multiple datasets, recommendations on coverage, fragment length, and partitioning when sequencing human and non-human genome.nnAvailabilityLRSIM is under MIT license and is freely available at https://github.com/aquaskyline/LRSIMnnContactrluo5@jhu.edu
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Luo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sedlazeck, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darby, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schatz, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-01-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/103549</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LRSim: a Linked Reads Simulator generating insights for better genome partitioning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-01-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/105064v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-throughput annotation of full-length long noncoding RNAs with Capture Long-Read Sequencing (CLS) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/105064v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurate annotations of genes and their transcripts is a foundation of genomics, but no annotation technique presently combines throughput and accuracy. As a result, reference gene collections remain incomplete: many gene models are fragmentary, while thousands more remain uncatalogued-particularly for long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). To accelerate lncRNA annotation, the GENCODE consortium has developed RNA Capture Long Seq (CLS), combining targeted RNA capture with third-generation long-read sequencing. We present an experimental re-annotation of the GENCODE intergenic lncRNA population in matched human and mouse tissues, resulting in novel transcript models for 3574 / 561 gene loci, respectively. CLS approximately doubles the annotated complexity of targeted loci, outperforming existing short-read techniques. Full-length transcript models produced by CLS enable us to definitively characterize the genomic features of lncRNAs, including promoter- and gene-structure, and protein-coding potential. Thus CLS removes a longstanding bottleneck of transcriptome annotation, generating manual-quality full-length transcript models at high-throughput scales.nnAbbreviations
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lagarde, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uszczynska-Ratajczak, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carbonell, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gingeras, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frankish, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harrow, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guigo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-02-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/105064</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-throughput annotation of full-length long noncoding RNAs with Capture Long-Read Sequencing (CLS)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-02-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/108555v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unmet Needs for Analyzing Biological Big Data: A Survey of 704 NSF Principal Investigators 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/108555v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In a 2016 survey of 704 National Science Foundation (NSF) Biological Sciences Directorate principal investigators (BIO PIs), nearly 90% indicated they are currently or will soon be analyzing large data sets. BIO PIs considered a range of computational needs important to their work--including high performance computing (HPC), bioinformatics support, multi-step workflows, updated analysis software, and the ability to store, share, and publish data. Previous studies in the United States and Canada emphasized infrastructure needs. However, BIO PIs said the most pressing unmet needs are training in data integration, data management, and scaling analyses for HPC--acknowledging that data science skills will be required to build a deeper understanding of life. This portends a growing data knowledge gap in biology and challenges institutions and funding agencies to redouble their support for computational training in biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barone, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Micklos, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-02-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/108555</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unmet Needs for Analyzing Biological Big Data: A Survey of 704 NSF Principal Investigators]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-02-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/111393v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
16GT: a fast and sensitive variant caller using a 16-genotype probabilistic model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/111393v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Summary16GT is a variant caller for Illumina WGS and WES germline data. It uses a new 16-genotype probabilistic model to unify SNP and indel calling in a single variant calling algorithm. In benchmark comparisons with five other widely used variant callers on a modern 36-core server, 16GT ran faster and demonstrated improved sensitivity in calling SNPs, and it provided comparable sensitivity and accuracy in calling indels as compared to the GATK HaplotypeCaller.nnAvailability and implementationhttps://github.com/aquaskyline/16GTnnContactrluo5@jhu.edunnSupplementary informationSupplementary tables and notes are available at Bioinformatics online.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Luo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schatz, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salzberg, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-02-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/111393</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[16GT: a fast and sensitive variant caller using a 16-genotype probabilistic model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-02-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/112672v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discovery and reporting of clinically-relevant germline variants in advanced cancer patients assessed using whole-exome sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/112672v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PurposeIn precision cancer care, WES-based analysis of tumor-normal samples helps reveal somatic alterations but can also identify cancer-associated germline variants important for disease surveillance, treatment choice and cancer prevention. WES can also identify germline secondary findings impacting risk of cardiac, neurodegenerative or metabolic diseases. In patients with advanced cancer, the frequency of reportable secondary findings encountered with WES is not well defined.nnMethodsTo address this question, we analyzed a cohort of 343 patients with advanced, metastatic cancer for whom we have performed tumor and germline WES interrogating more than 21,000 genes using a CLIA/CLEP approved assay.nnResults17% of patients in our cohort have one or more reportable germline variants, including patients with pathogenic variants in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. The frequency of non-cancer clinically relevant germline variants (8.8%) was within the range of two control non-cancer cohorts (11.0% and 6.5%). The frequency of variants in cancer-associated genes was significantly higher (p<0.0005) in our advanced cancer cohort (8.2%) compared to control cohorts (2.7% and 3.8%). More than 50% of patients with reportable germline cancer variants had a family history of cancer.nnConclusionthese results stress the importance of returning germline results found during somatic genomic tumor testing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romanel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eng, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rennert, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cyrta, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mosquera, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sboner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iossifov, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lipkin, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beltran, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pritchard, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubin, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demichelis, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elemento, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-03-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/112672</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discovery and reporting of clinically-relevant germline variants in advanced cancer patients assessed using whole-exome sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-03-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/114835v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Estrogen receptor alpha is required in GABAergic, but not glutamatergic, neurons to masculinize the brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/114835v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Masculinization of the rodent brain is driven by estrogen signaling during a perinatal critical period. Genetic deletion of estrogen receptor alpha (Esr1/ER) results in altered hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis signaling and a dramatic reduction of male sexual and territorial behaviors. However, the requirement of ER function in masculinizing distinct classes of neurons, and if these populations mediate components of male-typical behavior, remains unexplored. We deleted ER in excitatory or inhibitory neurons using either a Vglut2 or Vgat driver and assessed male behaviors. We find that Vglut2-Cre;Esr1lox/lox mutant males lack ERa in the ventrolateral region of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMHvl) and posterior ventral portion of the medial amygdala (MePV). These mutants recapitulate the increased serum testosterone levels seen with constitutive ER deletion, but have none of the behavioral deficits. In contrast, Vgat-Cre;Esr1lox/lox males with substantial ER deletion in inhibitory neurons, including those of the principal nucleus of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNSTpr), posterior dorsal MeA (MePD), and medial preoptic area (MPOA) have normal testosterone levels, but display alterations in mating and territorial behaviors. These mutants also show demasculinized expression of androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptor beta (Esr2). Our results demonstrate that ER masculinizes GABAergic neurons that gate the display of male-typical behaviors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tollkuhn, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-03-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/114835</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Estrogen receptor alpha is required in GABAergic, but not glutamatergic, neurons to masculinize the brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-03-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/120295v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
STAR-Fusion: Fast and Accurate Fusion Transcript Detection from RNA-Seq 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/120295v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationFusion genes created by genomic rearrangements can be potent drivers of tumorigenesis. However, accurate identification of functionally fusion genes from genomic sequencing requires whole genome sequencing, since exonic sequencing alone is often insufficient. Transcriptome sequencing provides a direct, highly effective alternative for capturing molecular evidence of expressed fusions in the precision medicine pipeline, but current methods tend to be inefficient or insufficiently accurate, lacking in sensitivity or predicting large numbers of false positives. Here, we describe STAR-Fusion, a method that is both fast and accurate in identifying fusion transcripts from RNA-Seq data.nnResultsWe benchmarked STAR-Fusions fusion detection accuracy using both simulated and genuine Illumina paired-end RNA-Seq data, and show that it has superior performance compared to popular alternative fusion detection methods.nnAvailability and implementationSTAR-Fusion is implemented in Perl, freely available as open source software at http://star-fusion.github.io, and supported on Linux.nnContactbhaas@broadinstitute.org
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Haas, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stransky, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tickle, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bankapur, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ganote, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doak, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pochet, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gingeras, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Regev, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-03-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/120295</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[STAR-Fusion: Fast and Accurate Fusion Transcript Detection from RNA-Seq]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-03-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/124339v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HadoopCNV: A Dynamic Programming Imputation Algorithm To Detect Copy Number Variants From Sequencing Data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/124339v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BACKGROUNDWhole-genome sequencing (WGS) data may be used to identify copy number variations (CNVs). Existing CNV detection methods mostly rely on read depth or alignment characteristics (paired-end distance and split reads) to infer gains/losses, while neglecting allelic intensity ratios and cannot quantify copy numbers. Additionally, most CNV callers are not scalable to handle a large number of WGS samples.nnMETHODSTo facilitate large-scale and rapid CNV detection from WGS data, we developed a Dynamic Programming Imputation (DPI) based algorithm called HadoopCNV, which infers copy number changes through both allelic frequency and read depth information. Our implementation is built on the Hadoop framework, enabling multiple compute nodes to work in parallel.nnRESULTSCompared to two widely used tools - CNVnator and LUMPY, HadoopCNV has similar or better performance on both simulated data sets and real data on the NA12878 individual. Additionally, analysis on a 10-member pedigree showed that HadoopCNV has a Mendelian precision that is similar or better than other tools. Furthermore, HadoopCNV can accurately infer loss of heterozygosity (LOH), while other tools cannot. HadoopCNV requires only 1.6 hours for a human genome with 30X coverage, on a 32-node cluster, with a linear relationship between speed improvement and the number of nodes. We further developed a method to combine HadoopCNV and LUMPY result, and demonstrated that the combination resulted in better performance than any individual tools.nnCONCLUSIONSThe combination of high-resolution, allele-specific read depth from WGS data and Hadoop framework can result in efficient and accurate detection of CNVs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lima, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jimenez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyon, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-04-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/124339</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HadoopCNV: A Dynamic Programming Imputation Algorithm To Detect Copy Number Variants From Sequencing Data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-04-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/125039v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Concentration invariant odor coding 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/125039v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Humans can identify visual objects independently of view angle and lighting, words independently of volume and pitch, and smells independently of concentration. The computational principles underlying invariant object recognition remain mostly unknown. Here we propose that, in olfaction, a small and relatively stable set made of the earliest activated receptors forms a code for concentration invariant odor identity. One prediction of this "primacy coding" scheme is that decisions based on odor identity can be made solely using early odor-evoked neural activity. Using an optogenetic masking paradigm, we define the sensory integration time necessary for odor identification and demonstrate that animals can use information occurring <100 ms after inhalation onset to identify odors. Using multi-electrode array recordings of odor responses in the olfactory bulb, we find that concentration invariant units respond earliest and at latencies that are within this behaviorally-defined time window. We propose a computational model demonstrating how such a code can be read by neural circuits of the olfactory system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wilson, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serrano, G. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koulakov, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rinberg, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-04-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/125039</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Concentration invariant odor coding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-04-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/125997v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deep experimental profiling of microRNA diversity, deployment, and evolution across the <ital>Drosophila</ital> genus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/125997v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Comparative genomic analyses of microRNAs (miRNAs) have yielded myriad insights into their biogenesis and regulatory activity. While miRNAs have been deeply annotated in a small cohort of model organisms, evolutionary assessments of miRNA flux are clouded by the functional uncertainty of orthologs in related species, and insufficient data regarding the extent of species-specific miRNAs. We address this by generating a comparative small RNA (sRNA) catalog of unprecedented breadth and depth across the Drosophila genus, extending our extant deep analyses of D. melanogaster with sRNA data from multiple tissues of 11 other fly species. Aggregate analysis of several billion sRNA reads permits curation of accurate and holistic compendia of miRNAs across this genus, providing abundant opportunities to identify species- and clade-specific variation in miRNA identity, abundance, and processing. Amongst well-conserved miRNAs, we observe unexpected cases of clade-specific variation in 5' end precision, occasional antisense loci, and some putatively non-canonical loci. We also employ strict criteria to identify a massive set (649) of novel, evolutionarily-restricted miRNAs. Amongst the bulk collection of species-restricted miRNAs, two notable subpopulations of rapidly-evolving miRNAs are splicing-derived mirtrons and testis-restricted, clustered (TRC) canonical miRNAs. We quantify rates of miRNA birth and death using our annotation and a phylogenetic model for estimating rates of miRNA turnover in the presence of annotation uncertainty. We show striking differences in birth and death rates across miRNA classes defined by biogenesis pathway, genomic clustering, and tissue restriction, and even identify variation heterogeneity amongst Drosophila clades. In particular, distinct molecular rationales underlie the distinct evolutionary behavior of different miRNA classes. We broaden observations made from D. melanogaster as Drosophilid-wide principles for opposing evolutionary viewpoints for miRNA maintenance. Mirtrons are associated with a high rate of 3' untemplated addition, a mechanism that impedes their biogenesis, whereas TRC miRNAs appear to evolve under positive selection. Altogether, these data reveal miRNA diversity amongst Drosophila species and permit future discoveries in understanding their emergence and evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Flynt, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panzarino, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mondal, M. M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siepel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohammed, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-04-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/125997</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deep experimental profiling of microRNA diversity, deployment, and evolution across the <ital>Drosophila</ital> genus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-04-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/126649v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The central amygdala controls learning in the lateral amygdala 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/126649v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Both the lateral and the central nuclei of the amygdala are required for adaptive behavioral responses to environmental cues predicting threats. While experience-driven synaptic plasticity in the lateral amygdala is thought to underlie the formation of association between a sensory stimulus and an ensuing threat, how the central amygdala participates in such learning process remains unclear. Here we show that a specific class of central amygdala neurons, the protein kinase C-{delta}-expressing neurons, is essential for the synaptic plasticity underlying learning in the lateral amygdala, as it is required for lateral amygdala neurons to respond to unconditioned stimulus, and furthermore carries information about the unconditioned stimulus to instruct learning. Our results uncover an amygdala functional organization that may play a key role in diverse learning processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahrens, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schiff, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramakrishnan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fenno, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deisseroth, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paninski, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-04-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/126649</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The central amygdala controls learning in the lateral amygdala]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-04-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/128439v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Not by systems alone: identifying functional outliers in rare disease pedigrees 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/128439v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In characterizing a disease, it is common to search for dysfunctional genes by assaying the transcriptome. The resulting differentially expressed genes are typically assessed for shared features, such as functional annotation or co-expression. While useful, the reliability of these systems methods is hard to evaluate. To better understand shared disease signals, we assess their replicability by first looking at gene-level recurrence and then pathway-level recurrence along with co-expression signals across six pedigrees of a rare homogeneous X-linked disorder, TAF1 syndrome. We find most differentially expressed genes are not recurrent between pedigrees, making functional enrichment largely distinct in each pedigree. However, we find two highly recurrent "functional outliers" (CACNA1I and IGFBP3), genes acting atypically with respect to co-expression and therefore absent from a systems-level assessment. We show this occurs in re-analysis of Huntingtons disease, Parkinsons disease and schizophrenia. Our results suggest a significant role for genes easily missed in systems approaches.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ballouz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doerfel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crain, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crow, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faivre, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keegan, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kitsiou-Tzeli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tzetis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyon, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-04-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/128439</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Not by systems alone: identifying functional outliers in rare disease pedigrees]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-04-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/131110v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A lncRNA/Lin28/Let7 Axis Coupled To DNA Methylation Fine Tunes The Dynamics Of A Cell State Transition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/131110v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Execution of pluripotency requires progression from the naive status represented by mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to a condition poised for lineage specification. This process is controlled at transcriptional, post-transcriptional and epigenetic levels and non-coding RNAs are contributors to this regulation complexity. Here we identify a molecular cascade initiated by a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), Ephemeron (Epn), that modulates the dynamics of exit from naive pluripotency. Epn deletion delays the extinction of ESC identity, an effect mediated by perduring expression of the pivotal transcription factor Nanog. In the absence of Epn, Lin28a expression is reduced, resulting in an elevated level of Mirlet7g that suppresses de novo methyltransferases Dnmt3a/b. Dnmt3a/b deletion also retards exit from the ESC state, and is associated with delayed promoter methylation and slower down-regulation of Nanog. Altogether, our findings reveal a lncRNA/miRNA/DNA methylation axis that facilitates a timely stem cell state transition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaral, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheung, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergmann, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinoshita, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalkan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ralser, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von Meyenn, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paramor, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nichols, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spector, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kouzarides, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-04-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/131110</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A lncRNA/Lin28/Let7 Axis Coupled To DNA Methylation Fine Tunes The Dynamics Of A Cell State Transition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-04-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/132423v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A High Resolution Whole Brain Imaging Using Oblique Light Sheet Tomography 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/132423v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Present light sheet fluorescence microscopes lack the wherewithal to image the whole brain (large tissues) with uniform illumination/detection parameters and high enough resolution to provide an understanding of the various aspects of neuroanatomy. To overcome this, we developed an oblique version of the light sheet microscope (Oblique Light Sheet Tomography, OLST) that includes a high magnification objective and serial sectioning, for volumetric imaging of the whole mouse brain at high spatial resolution at constant illumination/detection. We developed a novel gelatin based re-embedding procedure that makes the cleared brain rigid so that it can sectioned using our integrated microtome. Here, we characterize OLST and show that it can be used to observe dendritic morphology, spines and follow axons over a few mm in the mouse brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Narasimhan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mizrachi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Umadevi Venkatraju, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albeanu, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osten, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-04-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/132423</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A High Resolution Whole Brain Imaging Using Oblique Light Sheet Tomography]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-04-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/132795v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FastNet: Fast and accurate inference of phylogenetic networks using large-scale genomic sequence data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/132795v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
An emerging discovery in phylogenomics is that interspecific gene flow has played a major role in the evolution of many different organisms. To what extent is the Tree of Life not truly a tree reflecting strict "vertical" divergence, but rather a more general graph structure known as a phylogenetic network which also captures "horizontal"gene flow? The answer to this fundamental question not only depends upon densely sampled and divergent genomic sequence data, but also compu-tational methods which are capable of accurately and efficiently inferring phylogenetic networks from large-scale genomic sequence datasets. Re-cent methodological advances have attempted to address this gap. How-ever, in the 2016 performance study of Hejase and Liu, state-of-the-art methods fell well short of the scalability requirements of existing phy-logenomic studies.nnThe methodological gap remains: how can phylogenetic networks be ac-curately and efficiently inferred using genomic sequence data involving many dozens or hundreds of taxa? In this study, we address this gap by proposing a new phylogenetic divide-and-conquer method which we call FastNet. We conduct a performance study involving a range of evolu-tionary scenarios, and we demonstrate that FastNet outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of computational efficiency and topological accuracy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hejase, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>VandePol, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonito, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/132795</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FastNet: Fast and accurate inference of phylogenetic networks using large-scale genomic sequence data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/135707v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Categorical Representations Of Decision-Variables In Orbitofrontal Cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/135707v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The brain creates internal representations of the external world in the form of neural activity, which is structured to support adaptive behavior. In many cortical regions, individual neurons respond to specific features that are matched to the function of each region and statistics of the world. In frontal cortex, however, neurons display baffling complexity, responding to a mixture of sensory, motor and other variables. Here we use an integrated new approach to understanding the architecture of higher-order cortical representations, and use this approach to show that discrete groups of orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) neurons encode distinct decision variables. Using rats engaged in a complex task combining perceptual and value guided decisions, we found that OFC neurons can be grouped into distinct, categorical response types. These categorical representations map directly onto decision-variables of a choice model explaining our behavioral data, such as reward size, decision confidence and integrated value. We propose that, like sensory neurons, frontal neurons form a sparse and over complete population representation aligned to the natural statistics of the world - in this case spanning the space of decision-variables required for optimal behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hirokawa, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaughan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kepecs, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/135707</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Categorical Representations Of Decision-Variables In Orbitofrontal Cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/140822v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Selective Inhibitory Control Of Pyramidal Neuron Ensembles And Cortical Subnetworks By Chandelier Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/140822v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The neocortex comprises multiple information processing streams mediated by subsets of glutamatergic pyramidal cells (PCs) that receive diverse inputs and project to distinct targets. How GABAergic interneurons regulate the segregation and communication among intermingled PC subsets that contribute to separate brain networks remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that a subset of GABAergic chandelier cells (ChCs) in the prelimbic cortex (PL), which innervate PCs at spike initiation site, selectively control PCs projecting to the basolateral amygdala (BLAPC) compared to those projecting to contralateral cortex (ccPC). These ChCs in turn receive preferential input from local and contralateral CCPCs as opposed to BLAPCs and BLA neurons (the PL-BLA network). Accordingly, optogenetic activation of ChCs rapidly suppresses BLAPCs and BLA activity in freely behaving mice. Thus, the exquisite connectivity of ChCs not only mediates directional inhibition between local PC ensembles but may also shape communication hierarchies between global networks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tucciarone, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Padilla-Coreano, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/140822</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Selective Inhibitory Control Of Pyramidal Neuron Ensembles And Cortical Subnetworks By Chandelier Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/141200v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Damaging Mutations are Associated with Diminished Motor Skills and IQ in Children on the Autism Spectrum 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/141200v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), de novo mutations have previously been shown to be significantly correlated with lower IQ, but not with the core characteristics of ASD: deficits in social communication and interaction, and restricted interests and repetitive patterns of behavior. We extend these findings by demonstrating in the Simons Simplex Collection that damaging de novo mutations in ASD individuals are also significantly and convincingly correlated with measures of impaired motor skills. This correlation is not explained by a correlation between IQ and motor skills. We find that IQ and motor skills are distinctly associated with damaging mutations and, in particular, that motor skills are a more sensitive indicator of mutational severity, as judged by the type and its gene target. We use this finding to propose a combined classification of phenotypic severity: mild (little impairment of both), moderate (impairment mainly to motor skills) and severe (impairment of both).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Buja, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Volfovsky, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krieger, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lord, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lash, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wigler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iossifov, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/141200</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Damaging Mutations are Associated with Diminished Motor Skills and IQ in Children on the Autism Spectrum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/149740v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mutational sequencing for accurate count and long-range assembly 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/149740v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We introduce a new protocol, mutational sequencing or muSeq, which randomly deaminates unmethylated cytosines at a fixed and tunable rate. The muSeq protocol marks each initial template molecule with a unique mutation signature that is present in every copy of the template, and in every fragmented copy of a copy. In the sequenced read data, this signature is observed as a unique pattern of C-to-T or G-to-A nucleotide conversions. Clustering reads with the same conversion pattern enables accurate count and long-range assembly of initial template molecules from short-read sequence data. We explore count and low-error sequencing by profiling a 135,000 fragment PstI representation, demonstrating that muSeq improves copy number inference and significantly reduces sporadic sequencer error. We explore long-range assembly in the context of cDNA, generating contiguous transcript clusters greater than 3,000 bp in length. The muSeq assemblies reveal transcriptional diversity not observable from short-read data alone.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kumar, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenbaum, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forcier, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ronemus, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wigler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levy, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/149740</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mutational sequencing for accurate count and long-range assembly]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/150524v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Addressing the looming identity crisis in single cell RNA-seq 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/150524v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single cell RNA-sequencing technology (scRNA-seq) provides a new avenue to discover and characterize cell types, but the experiment-specific technical biases and analytic variability inherent to current pipelines may undermine the replicability of these studies. Meta-analysis of rapidly accumulating data is further hampered by the use of ad hoc naming conventions. Here we demonstrate our replication framework, MetaNeighbor, that allows researchers to quantify the degree to which cell types replicate across datasets, and to rapidly identify clusters with high similarity for further testing. We first measure the replicability of neuronal identity by comparing more than 13 thousand individual scRNA-seq transcriptomes, then assess cross-dataset evidence for novel pyramidal neuron and cortical interneuron subtypes identified by scRNA-seq. We find that 24/45 cortical interneuron subtypes and 10/48 pyramidal neuron subtypes have evidence of replication in at least one other study. Identifying these putative replicates allows us to re-analyze the data for differential expression and provide lists of robust candidate marker genes. Across tasks we find that large sets of variably expressed genes can identify replicable cell types and subtypes with high accuracy, indicating many of the transcriptional changes characterizing cell identity are pervasive and easily detected.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Crow, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ballouz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/150524</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Addressing the looming identity crisis in single cell RNA-seq]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/152884v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inferring single-trial neural population dynamics using sequential auto-encoders 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/152884v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuroscience is experiencing a data revolution in which simultaneous recording of many hundreds or thousands of neurons is revealing structure in population activity that is not apparent from single-neuron responses. This structure is typically extracted from trial-averaged data. Single-trial analyses are challenging due to incomplete sampling of the neural population, trial-to-trial variability, and fluctuations in action potential timing. Here we introduce Latent Factor Analysis via Dynamical Systems (LFADS), a deep learning method to infer latent dynamics from single-trial neural spiking data. LFADS uses a nonlinear dynamical system (a recurrent neural network) to infer the dynamics underlying observed population activity and to extract  de-noised single-trial firing rates from neural spiking data. We apply LFADS to a variety of monkey and human motor cortical datasets, demonstrating its ability to predict observed behavioral variables with unprecedented accuracy, extract precise estimates of neural dynamics on single trials, infer perturbations to those dynamics that correlate with behavioral choices, and combine data from non-overlapping recording sessions (spanning months) to improve inference of underlying dynamics. In summary, LFADS leverages all observations of a neural populations activity to accurately model its dynamics on single trials, opening the door to a detailed understanding of the role of dynamics in performing computation and ultimately driving behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pandarinath, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Shea, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collins, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jozefowicz, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stavisky, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kao, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trautmann, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufman, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryu, S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hochberg, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henderson, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shenoy, K. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abbott, L. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sussillo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/152884</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inferring single-trial neural population dynamics using sequential auto-encoders]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/156216v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An insula-central amygdala circuit for behavioral inhibition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/156216v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Predicting which substances are suitable for consumption during foraging is critical for animals to survive. While food-seeking behavior is extensively studied, the neural circuit mechanisms underlying avoidance of potentially poisonous substances remain poorly understood. Here we examined the role of the insular cortex (IC) to central amygdala (CeA) circuit in the establishment of such avoidance behavior. Using anatomic tracing approaches combined with optogenetics-assisted circuit mapping, we found that the gustatory region of the IC sends direct excitatory projections to the lateral division of the CeA (CeL), making monosynaptic excitatory connections with distinct populations of CeL neurons. Specific inhibition of neurotransmitter release from the CeL-projecting IC neurons prevented mice from acquiring the "no-go" response, while leaving the "go" response largely unaffected in a tastant (sucrose/quinine)-reinforced "go/no-go" task. Furthermore, selective activation of the IC-CeL pathway with optogenetics drove unconditioned lick suppression in thirsty animals, induced aversive responses, and was sufficient to instruct conditioned action suppression in response to a cue predicting the optogenetic activation. These results indicate that activity in the IC-CeL circuit is necessary for establishing anticipatory avoidance responses to an aversive tastant, and is also sufficient to drive learning of such anticipatory avoidance. This function of the IC-CeL circuit is likely important for guiding avoidance of substances with unpleasant tastes during foraging in order to minimize the chance of being poisoned.nnSignificance StatementThe ability to predict which substances are suitable for consumption is critical for survival. Here we found that activity in the insular cortex (IC) to central amygdala (CeA) circuit is necessary for establishing avoidance responses to an unpleasant tastant, and is also sufficient to drive learning of such avoidance responses. These results suggest that the IC-CeA circuit is critical for behavioral inhibition in anticipation of potentially poisonous substances during foraging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schiff, H. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouhuis, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penzo, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/156216</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An insula-central amygdala circuit for behavioral inhibition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/156588v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Scikit-ribo: Accurate estimation and robust modeling of translation dynamics at codon resolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/156588v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ribosome profiling (Riboseq) is a powerful technique for measuring protein translation, however, sampling errors and biological biases are prevalent and poorly understand. Addressing these issues, we present Scikit-ribo (https://github.com/hanfang/scikit-ribo), the first open-source software for accurate genome-wide A-site prediction and translation efficiency (TE) estimation from Riboseq and RNAseq data. Scikit-ribo accurately identifies A-site locations and reproduces codon elongation rates using several digestion protocols (r = 0.99). Next we show commonly used RPKM-derived TE estimation is prone to biases, especially for low-abundance genes. Scikit-ribo introduces a codon-level generalized linear model with ridge penalty that correctly estimates TE while accommodating variable codon elongation rates and mRNA secondary structure. This corrects the TE errors for over 2000 genes in S. cerevisiae, which we validate using mass spectrometry of protein abundances (r = 0.81) and allows us to determine the Kozak-like sequence directly from Riboseq. We conclude with an analysis of coverage requirements needed for robust codon-level analysis, and quantify the artifacts that can occur from cycloheximide treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radhakrishnan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siepel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyon, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schatz, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/156588</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Scikit-ribo: Accurate estimation and robust modeling of translation dynamics at codon resolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/156596v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Conserved noncoding transcription and core promoter regulatory code in early Drosophila development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/156596v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multicellular development is largely determined by transcriptional regulatory programs that orchestrate the expression of thousands of protein-coding and noncoding genes. To decipher the genomic regulatory code that specifies these programs, and to investigate globally the developmental relevance of noncoding transcription, we profiled genome-wide promoter activity throughout embryonic development in 5 Drosophila species. We show that core promoters, generally not thought to play a significant regulatory role, in fact impart broad restrictions on the developmental timing of gene expression on a genome-wide scale. We propose a hierarchical model of transcriptional regulation during development in which core promoters define broad windows of opportunity for expression, by defining a limited range of transcription factors from which they are able to receive regulatory inputs. This two-tiered mechanism globally orchestrates developmental gene expression, including noncoding transcription on a scale that defies our current understanding of ontogenesis. Indeed, noncoding transcripts are far more prevalent than ever reported before, with [~]4,000 long noncoding RNAs expressed during embryogenesis. Over 1,500 are functionally conserved throughout the melanogaster subgroup, and hundreds are under strong purifying selection. Overall, this work introduces a hierarchical model for the developmental regulation of transcription, and reveals the central role of noncoding transcription in animal development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Batut, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gingeras, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/156596</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Conserved noncoding transcription and core promoter regulatory code in early Drosophila development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/160911v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nucleosomes and DNA methylation shape meiotic DSB frequency in Arabidopsis transposons and gene regulatory regions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/160911v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Meiotic recombination initiates via DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) generated by SPO11 topoisomerase-like complexes. Recombination frequency varies extensively along eukaryotic chromosomes, with hotspots controlled by chromatin and DNA sequence. To map meiotic DSBs throughout a plant genome, we purified and sequenced Arabidopsis SPO11-1-oligonucleotides. DSB hotspots occurred in gene promoters, terminators and introns, driven by AT-sequence richness, which excludes nucleosomes and allows SPO11-1 access. A strong positive relationship was observed between SPO11-1 DSBs and final crossover levels. Euchromatic marks promote recombination in fungi and mammals, and consistently we observe H3K4me3 enrichment in proximity to DSB hotspots at gene 5-ends. Repetitive transposons are thought to be recombination-silenced during meiosis, in order to prevent non-allelic interactions and genome instability. Unexpectedly, we found strong DSB hotspots in nucleosome-depleted Helitron/Pogo/Tc1/Mariner DNA transposons, whereas retrotransposons were coldspots. Hotspot transposons are enriched within gene regulatory regions and in proximity to immunity genes, suggesting a role as recombination-enhancers. As transposon mobility in plant genomes is restricted by DNA methylation, we used the met1 DNA methyltransferase mutant to investigate the role of heterochromatin on the DSB landscape. Epigenetic activation of transposon meiotic DSBs occurred in met1 mutants, coincident with reduced nucleosome occupancy, gain of transcription and H3K4me3. Increased met1 SPO11-1 DSBs occurred most strongly within centromeres and Gypsy and CACTA/EnSpm coldspot transposons. Together, our work reveals complex interactions between chromatin and meiotic DSBs within genes and transposons, with significance for the diversity and evolution of plant genomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Choi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lambing, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Underwood, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hardcastle, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serra, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tock, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ziolkowski, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yelina, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martienssen, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henderson, I. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-07-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/160911</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nucleosomes and DNA methylation shape meiotic DSB frequency in Arabidopsis transposons and gene regulatory regions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-07-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/160929v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epigenetic activation of meiotic recombination in Arabidopsis centromeres via loss of H3K9me2 and non-CG DNA methylation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/160929v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Eukaryotic centromeres contain the kinetochore, which connects chromosomes to the spindle allowing segregation. During meiosis centromeres are suppressed for crossovers, as recombination in these regions can cause chromosome mis-segregation. Plant centromeres are surrounded by repetitive, transposon-dense heterochromatin that is epigenetically silenced by histone 3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2), and DNA methylation in CG and non-CG sequence contexts. Here we show that disruption of Arabidopsis H3K9me2 and non-CG DNA methylation pathways increases meiotic DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) within centromeres, whereas crossovers increase within pericentromeric heterochromatin. Increased pericentromeric crossovers in H3K9me2/non-CG mutants occurs in both inbred and hybrid backgrounds, and involves the interfering crossover repair pathway. Epigenetic activation of recombination may also account for the curious tendency of maize transposon Ds to disrupt CHROMOMETHYLASE3 when launched from proximal loci. Thus H3K9me2 and non-CG DNA methylation exert differential control of meiotic DSB and crossover formation in centromeric and pericentromeric heterochromatin.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Underwood, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lambing, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serra, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borges, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simorowski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ernst, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacob, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henderson, I. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martienssen, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-07-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/160929</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epigenetic activation of meiotic recombination in Arabidopsis centromeres via loss of H3K9me2 and non-CG DNA methylation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-07-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/169029v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A human-specific switch of alternatively spliced AFMID isoforms contributes to TP53 mutations and tumor recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/169029v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pre-mRNA splicing can contribute to the switch of cell identity that occurs in carcinogenesis. Here we analyze a large collection of RNA-Seq datasets and report that splicing changes in hepatocyte-specific enzymes, such as AFMID and KHK, are associated with HCC patients survival and relapse. The switch of AFMID isoforms is an early event in HCC development, and is associated with driver mutations in TP53 and ARID1A. Finally, we show that the switch of AFMID isoforms is human-specific and not detectable in other species, including primates. The integrative analysis uncovers a mechanistic link between splicing switches, de novo NAD+ biosynthesis, driver mutations, and HCC recurrence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, K.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, W.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scharner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krainer, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-07-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/169029</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A human-specific switch of alternatively spliced AFMID isoforms contributes to TP53 mutations and tumor recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-07-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/169557v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Accurate detection of complex structural variations using single molecule sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/169557v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Structural variations (SVs) are the largest source of genetic variation, but remain poorly understood because of limited genomics technology. Single molecule long read sequencing from Pacific Biosciences and Oxford Nanopore has the potential to dramatically advance the field, although their high error rates challenge existing methods. Addressing this need, we introduce open-source methods for long read alignment (NGMLR, https://github.com/philres/ngmlr) and SV identification (Sniffles, https://github.com/fritzsedlazeck/Sniffles) that enable unprecedented SV sensitivity and precision, including within repeat-rich regions and of complex nested events that can have significant impact on human disorders. Examining several datasets, including healthy and cancerous human genomes, we discover thousands of novel variants using long reads and categorize systematic errors in short-read approaches. NGMLR and Sniffles are further able to automatically filter false events and operate on low amounts of coverage to address the cost factor that has hindered the application of long reads in clinical and research settings.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sedlazeck, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rescheneder, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smolka, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nattestad, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von Haeseler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schatz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-07-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/169557</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Accurate detection of complex structural variations using single molecule sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-07-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/170993v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bioinformatics Core Competencies for Undergraduate Life Sciences Education 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/170993v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bioinformatics is becoming increasingly central to research in the life sciences. However, despite its importance, bioinformatics skills and knowledge are not well integrated in undergraduate biology education. This curricular gap prevents biology students from harnessing the full potential of their education, limiting their career opportunities and slowing genomic research innovation. To advance the integration of bioinformatics into life sciences education, a framework of core bioinformatics competencies is needed. To that end, we here report the results of a survey of life sciences faculty in the United States about teaching bioinformatics to undergraduate life scientists. Responses were received from 1,260 faculty representing institutions in all fifty states with a combined capacity to educate hundreds of thousands of students every year. Results indicate strong, widespread agreement that bioinformatics knowledge and skills are critical for undergraduate life scientists, as well as considerable agreement about which skills are necessary. Perceptions of the importance of some skills varied with the respondents degree of training, time since degree earned, and/or the Carnegie classification of the respondents institution. To assess which skills are currently being taught, we analyzed syllabi of courses with bioinformatics content submitted by survey respondents. Finally, we used the survey results, the analysis of syllabi, and our collective research and teaching expertise to develop a set of bioinformatics core competencies for undergraduate life sciences students. These core competencies are intended to serve as a guide for institutions as they work to integrate bioinformatics into their life sciences curricula.nnSignificance StatementBioinformatics, an interdisciplinary field that uses techniques from computer science and mathematics to store, manage, and analyze biological data, is becoming increasingly central to modern biology research. Given the widespread use of bioinformatics and its impacts on societal problem-solving (e.g., in healthcare, agriculture, and natural resources management), there is a growing need for the integration of bioinformatics competencies into undergraduate life sciences education. Here, we present a set of bioinformatics core competencies for undergraduate life scientists developed using the results of a large national survey and the expertise of our working group of bioinformaticians and educators. We also present results from the survey on the importance of bioinformatics skills and the current state of integration of bioinformatics into biology education.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wilson Sayres, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hauser, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sierk, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenwald, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Triplett, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dinsdale, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morgan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burnette, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donovan, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drew, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elgin, S. C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fowlks, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galindo-Gonzalez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodman, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grandgenett, N. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goller, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jungck, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newman, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pearson, W. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryder, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tosado-Acevedo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tapprich, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tobin, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toro-Martinez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welch, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ebenbach, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olney, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McWilliams, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pauley, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/170993</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bioinformatics Core Competencies for Undergraduate Life Sciences Education]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/174938v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Complex rearrangements and oncogene amplifications revealed by long-read DNA and RNA sequencing of a breast cancer cell line 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/174938v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The SK-BR-3 cell line is one of the most important models for HER2+ breast cancers, which affect one in five breast cancer patients. SK-BR-3 is known to be highly rearranged although much of the variation is in complex and repetitive regions that may be underreported. Addressing this, we sequenced SK-BR-3 using long-read single molecule sequencing from Pacific Biosciences, and develop one of the most detailed maps of structural variations (SVs) in a cancer genome available with nearly 20,000 variants present, most of which were missed by prior efforts. Surrounding the important HER2 locus, we discover a complex sequence of nested duplications and translocations, suggesting a punctuated progression. Full-length transcriptome sequencing further revealed several novel gene fusions within the nested genomic variants. Combining long-read genome and transcriptome sequencing enables an in-depth analysis of how SVs disrupt the transcriptome and sheds new light on the complexity of cancer progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nattestad, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodwin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baslan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sedlazeck, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rescheneder, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garvin, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gurtowski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hutton, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tseng, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chin, C.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beck, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sundaravadanam, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kramer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antoniou, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McPherson, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hicks, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCombie, W. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schatz, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/174938</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Complex rearrangements and oncogene amplifications revealed by long-read DNA and RNA sequencing of a breast cancer cell line]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/180034v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptional Architecture of Synaptic Communication Delineates Cortical GABAergic Neuron Identity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/180034v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding the organizational logic of neural circuits requires deciphering the biological basis of neuron type diversity and identity, but there is no consensus on defining a neuron type. We analyzed single cell transcriptomes of anatomically and physiologically characterized cortical ground truth populations and conducted a computational genomic screen for transcription profiles that distinguish them. We discovered that cardinal GABAergic neuron types are delineated by a transcriptional architecture that encodes their synaptic communication patterns. This architecture comprises 6 categories of ~40 gene families including cell adhesion molecules, transmitter-modulator receptors, ion channels, signaling proteins, neuropeptides and vesicular release components, and transcription factors. Combinatorial expression of select members across families shapes a multi-layered molecular scaffold along cell membrane that may customize synaptic connectivity patterns and input-output signaling properties. This molecular genetic framework of neuronal identity integrates cell phenotypes along multiple axes and provides a foundation for discovering and classifying neuron types.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Paul, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crow, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raudales, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/180034</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptional Architecture of Synaptic Communication Delineates Cortical GABAergic Neuron Identity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/180323v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Efficient in situ barcode sequencing using padlock probe-based BaristaSeq 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/180323v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cellular DNA/RNA tags (barcodes) allow for multiplexed cell lineage tracing and neuronal projection mapping with cellular resolution. Conventional approaches to reading out cellular barcodes trade off spatial resolution with throughput. Bulk sequencing achieves high throughput but sacrifices spatial resolution, whereas manual cell picking has low throughput. In situ sequencing could potentially achieve both high spatial resolution and high throughput, but current in situ sequencing techniques are inefficient at reading out cellular barcodes. Here we describe BaristaSeq, an optimization of a targeted, padlock probe-based technique for in situ barcode sequencing compatible with Illumina sequencing chemistry. BaristaSeq results in a five-fold increase in amplification efficiency, with a sequencing accuracy of at least 97%. BaristaSeq could be used for barcode-assisted lineage tracing, and to map long-range neuronal projections.nnKey PointsO_LIIn situ sequencing by gap-filling padlock probes is limited by the strand displacement of DNA polymerasesnC_LIO_LIIllumina sequencing chemistry offers superior signal-to-noise ratio in situ compared to sequencing by ligationnC_LIO_LIBaristaSeq as an accurate method for barcode sequencing in situ with improved gap-filling efficiencynC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Church, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zador, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/180323</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Efficient in situ barcode sequencing using padlock probe-based BaristaSeq]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/186528v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An integrated analysis of the epigenetic, genetic, and transcriptional patterns associated with outcome across cancer types 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/186528v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Successful treatment decisions in cancer depend on the accurate assessment of patient risk. To improve our understanding of the molecular alterations that underlie deadly malignancies, we analyzed genomic profiles from 33,036 solid tumors with known patient outcomes. Contrary to expectations, we find that mutations in cancer driver genes are almost never associated with patient survival time. In contrast, copy number changes in these same genes are broadly prognostic. Analysis of methylation, microRNA, mRNA, and protein expression patterns in primary tumors define several additional prognostic patterns, including signatures of tumor mitotic activity and tissue de-differentiation. Co-expression analysis with a cell cycle meta-gene distinguished proliferation-dependent and -independent prognostic features, allowing us to construct multivariate survival models with improved stratification power. In total, our analysis provides a comprehensive resource for biomarker and therapeutic target identification, and suggests that copy number and methylation profiling should complement tumor sequencing efforts to improve patient risk assessment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Smith, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheltzer, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/186528</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An integrated analysis of the epigenetic, genetic, and transcriptional patterns associated with outcome across cancer types]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/187484v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Endoplasmic reticulum stress engenders immune-resistant, latent pancreatic cancer metastases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/187484v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Patients who have had their primary pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) surgically resected often develop metastatic disease, exemplifying the problem of latent metastases. Livers from patients and mice with PDA contained single, disseminated cancer cells (DCCs) with an unusual phenotype of being cytokeratin-19 (CK19)- and MHC class I (MHCI)-. We created a mouse model to determine how DCCs develop, their relationship to metastatic latency, and the role of immunity. Intra-portal injection of immunogenic PDA cells into pre-immunized mice seeded livers only with single, non-replicating DCCs lacking MHCI and CK19; naive recipients had macro-metastases. Transcriptomic analysis of PDA cells with the DCC phenotype demonstrated an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. Relieving ER stress with a chemical chaperone, in combination with T cell-depletion, stimulated outgrowth of macro-metastatic lesions containing PDA cells expressing MHCI and CK19. The ER stress response is the cell-autonomous reaction that enables DCCs to escape immunity and establish latent metastases.nnOne sentence summaryLatent pancreatic cancer metastases are created when T cells select disseminated cancer cells in which immune resistance and quiescence have been imposed by endoplasmic stress.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pommier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anaparthy, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Memos, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larkin Kelley, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gouronnec, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albrengues, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egeblad, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iacobuzio-Donahue, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyons, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fearon, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/187484</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Endoplasmic reticulum stress engenders immune-resistant, latent pancreatic cancer metastases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/193383v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
OnACID: Online Analysis of Calcium Imaging Data in Real Time 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/193383v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Optical imaging methods using calcium indicators are critical for monitoring the activity of large neuronal populations in vivo. Imaging experiments typically generate a large amount of data that needs to be processed to extract the activity of the imaged neuronal sources. While deriving such processing algorithms is an active area of research, most existing methods require the processing of large amounts of data at a time, rendering them vulnerable to the volume of the recorded data, and preventing realtime experimental interrogation. Here we introduce OnACID, an Online framework for the Analysis of streaming Calcium Imaging Data, including i) motion artifact correction, ii) neuronal source extraction, and iii) activity denoising and deconvolution. Our approach combines and extends previous work on online dictionary learning and calcium imaging data analysis, to deliver an automated pipeline that can discover and track the activity of hundreds of cells in real time, thereby enabling new types of closed-loop experiments. We apply our algorithm on two large scale experimental datasets, benchmark its performance on manually annotated data, and show that it outperforms a popular offline approach.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Giovannucci, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedrich, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Churchland, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chklovskii, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paninski, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pnevmatikakis, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/193383</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[OnACID: Online Analysis of Calcium Imaging Data in Real Time]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/194951v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The CLAVATA receptor FASCIATED EAR2 responds to different CLE peptides by signaling through different downstream effectors. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/194951v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Meristems contain groups of indeterminate stem cells that are critical for organ initiation throughout plant development. The shoot apical meristem (SAM) maintains itself and initiates all shoot organs, such as leaves, floral organs and axillary branch meristems. Development and balanced proliferation of the SAM is regulated by a feedback loop between CLAVATA (CLV) and WUSCHEL (WUS) signaling. CLV signaling is initiated by secretion of the CLV3 peptide ligand, which is perceived directly or indirectly by a number of Leucine-Rich-Repeat (LRR) receptor-like kinases, including CLV1 and BARELY ANY MERISTEM (BAM) 1-3, and RECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEIN KINASE 2 (RPK2), as well as the receptor-like protein CLV2 in a complex with the CORYNE (CRN) pseudokinase. However, CLV2, and its maize ortholog FASCIATED EAR2 (FEA2) appear to function in signaling by several related CLV3/EMBRYO-SURROUNDING REGION (CLE) peptide ligands, including CLV3. Nevertheless, it remains unknown how CLV2 or FEA2 transmit specific signals from distinct CLE peptides. Here we show that FEA2 is involved in signaling from at least 2 distinct CLE peptides, ZmCLE7, a maize CLV3 ortholog, and ZmFON2-LIKE CLE PROTEIN1 (ZmFCP1), a newly identified CLE peptide functioning in SAM regulation. Signaling from these 2 different CLE peptides appears to be transmitted through 2 different candidate downstream effectors, COMPACT PLANT2 (CT2), the alpha subunit of the maize heterotrimeric G protein, and maize CRN. Our data provide a novel framework to understand how diverse signaling peptides can activate different downstream pathways through common receptor proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Je, B. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meeley, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/194951</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The CLAVATA receptor FASCIATED EAR2 responds to different CLE peptides by signaling through different downstream effectors.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/195792v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Visual evidence accumulation behavior in unrestrained mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/195792v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A major challenge to studying the neural circuits underlying perceptual decision making has been the limited availability of tools for manipulation of neural activity. In recent years, rodents have emerged as a desirable model for overcoming the technical hurdle. However, mice, which offer abundant genetic tools for circuit manipulation, are underrepresented in perceptual evidence accumulation studies. Here we describe the behavior of mice performing a visual evidence accumulation task similar to one previously used in rats and humans. We found that although mice were capable of achieving similar accuracy levels as rats, differences in accumulation strategy were apparent. To test the engagement of cortex in the visual evidence accumulation task, we optogenetically inhibited activity in the anteromedial (AM) visual area using JAWS. Importantly, light activation biased choices in both injected and uninjected animals. Fortunately, by varying the stimulus-response contingency while holding constant the stimulated hemisphere, we surmounted this obstacle and demonstrated a role for AM in contralateral choices. Taken together, our results argue that mice accumulate visual evidence to guide decisions, an ability that is supported in part by area AM.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Odoemene, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Churchland, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/195792</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Visual evidence accumulation behavior in unrestrained mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.11.873265v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The transcriptional legacy of developmental stochasticity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.11.873265v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetic variation, epigenetic regulation and major environmental stimuli are key contributors to phenotypic variation, but the influence of minor perturbations or "noise" has been difficult to assess in mammals. In this work, we uncover one major axis of random variation with a large and permanent influence: developmental stochasticity. By assaying the transcriptome of wild monozygotic quadruplets of the nine-banded armadillo, we find that persistent changes occur early in development, and these give rise to clear transcriptional signatures which uniquely characterize individuals relative to siblings. Comparing these results to human twins, we find the transcriptional signatures which define individuals exhibit conserved co-expression, suggesting a substantial fraction of phenotypic and disease discordance within mammals arises from developmental stochasticity.

One sentence summaryLongitudinal gene expression in identical armadillo quadruplets reveals a major role for developmental stochasticity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ballouz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pena, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.11.873265</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The transcriptional legacy of developmental stochasticity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.20.885129v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A community-maintained standard library of population genetic models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.20.885129v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The explosion in population genomic data demands ever more complex modes of analysis, and increasingly these analyses depend on sophisticated simulations. Recent advances in population genetic simulation have made it possible to simulate large and complex models, but specifying such models for a particular simulation engine remains a difficult and error-prone task. Computational genetics researchers currently re-implement simulation models independently, leading to inconsistency and duplication of effort. This situation presents a major barrier to empirical researchers seeking to use simulations for power analyses of upcoming studies or sanity checks on existing genomic data. Population genetics, as a field, also lacks standard benchmarks by which new tools for inference might be measured. Here we describe a new resource, stdpopsim, that attempts to rectify this situation. Stdpopsim is a community-driven open source project, which provides easy access to a growing catalog of published simulation models from a range of organisms and supports multiple simulation engine backends. This resource is available as a well-documented python library with a simple command-line interface. We share some examples demonstrating how stdpopsim can be used to systematically compare demographic inference methods, and we encourage a broader community of developers to contribute to this growing resource.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Adrion, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cole, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dukler, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galloway, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gladstein, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gower, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kyriazis, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ragsdale, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsambos, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baumdicker, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cartwright, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durvasula, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, B. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKenzie, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Messer, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noskova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ortega-Del Vecchyo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Struck, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gravel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutenkunst, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ralph, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schrider, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siepel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelleher, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kern, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.20.885129</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A community-maintained standard library of population genetic models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.30.890780v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Cryo-EM Structure of a Pannexin 1 Channel Reveals an Extracellular Gating Mechanism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.30.890780v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pannexins are large-pore forming channels responsible for ATP release under a variety of physiological and pathological conditions. Although predicted to share similar membrane topology with other large-pore forming proteins such as connexins, innexins, and LRRC8, pannexins have minimal sequence similarity to these protein families. Here, we present the cryo-EM structure of a pannexin 1 (Panx1) channel at 3.0 [A]. We find that Panx1 protomers harbor four transmembrane helices similar in arrangement to other large-pore forming proteins but assemble as a heptameric channel with a unique gate formed by Trp74 in the extracellular loop. Mutating Trp74 or the nearby Arg75 disrupt ion selectivity whereas altering residues in the hydrophobic groove formed by the two extracellular loops abrogates channel inhibition by carbenoxolone. Our structural and functional study establishes the extracellular loops as the unique structural determinants for channel gating and inhibition in Panx1 thereby providing the founding model to study pannexins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Michalski, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Syrjanen, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henze, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumpf, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furukawa, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawate, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.30.890780</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Cryo-EM Structure of a Pannexin 1 Channel Reveals an Extracellular Gating Mechanism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.03.894113v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dscam gene triplication causes neocortical overinhibition in Down syndrome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.03.894113v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A growing number of molecules have been identified as regulators of inhibitory synapse development, but whether dysregulated expression of these molecules contribute to brain disorders is poorly understood. Here we show that Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (Dscam) regulates the inhibition of neocortical pyramidal neurons (PyNs) in a level-dependent fashion. Loss of Dscam impairs inhibitory neuron development and function. In the Ts65Dn mouse model for Down syndrome, where Dscam is overexpressed, GABAergic innervation of cortical PyNs by chandelier and basket cells is increased. Genetic normalization of Dscam expression rescues the excessive GABAergic innervation and the increased inhibition of PyNs. These findings demonstrate excessive GABAergic innervation and inhibition in the neocortex of Down syndrome mouse model and identify Dscam overexpression as the cause. They also implicate dysregulated Dscam levels as a potential pathogenic driver in related neurological disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caballero-Floran, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hull, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veling, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isom, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwan, K. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuerst, P. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jenkins, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.03.894113</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dscam gene triplication causes neocortical overinhibition in Down syndrome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.10.901686v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stromal Amyloid β drives Neutrophil extracellular trap formation to augment tumour growth 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.10.901686v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tumors are comprised of cancer cells and a network of non-cancerous stromal cells. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are well known to support tumorigenesis and are emerging as immune modulators. While many leukocyte populations are well studied in cancer, neutrophils have received less attention. Neutrophils can release histone-bound nuclear DNA and cytotoxic granules as extracellular traps (NETs) in a process termed NETosis. Here, we show that CAFs induce formation of NETs both within the tumor microenvironment and at systemic levels in the blood and bone marrow. These tumor-induced NETs (t-NETs) are driven by a ROS-mediated pathway dependent on PAD4 and CD11b. Remarkably, CAF-derived Amyloid {beta} was identified as the key factor driving t-NETosis, a protein with significance in both neurodegenerative and inflammatory disorders. Therapeutic inhibition of NETs in established tumors prevented growth, skewing neutrophils to a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Reciprocally, t-NETs enhanced CAF activation phenotypes. Mirroring murine observations, NETs were detected juxtaposed to CAFs in human melanoma and pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and elevated expression of amyloid and {beta}-Secretase correlated with poor prognosis. In summary, we report the existence of cross-talk between CAFs and neutrophils within the tumour microenvironment whereby CAF-induced t-NETosis supports cancer progression, identifying Amyloid {beta} as the protagonist and potential therapeutic target.

SignificanceThis study defines the existence of a pro-tumor immunomodulatory function of the stroma showing the induction of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps through CAF-derived Amyloid {beta}. We term this novel process "Tumor-induced NETosis" (t-NETosis) and propose that therapeutic inhibition of this mechanism, which we observe in human melanoma and pancreatic cancer, has the potential to improve patient outcome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Munir, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, J. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janowitz, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martins, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welsh, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shields, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.10.901686</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stromal Amyloid β drives Neutrophil extracellular trap formation to augment tumour growth]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.14.906230v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gapless assembly of maize chromosomes using long read technologies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.14.906230v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Creating gapless telomere-to-telomere assemblies of complex genomes is one of the ultimate challenges in genomics. We used long read technologies and an optical map based approach to produce a maize genome assembly composed of only 63 contigs. The B73-Ab10 genome includes gapless assemblies of chromosome 3 (236 Mb) and chromosome 9 (162 Mb), multiple highly repetitive centromeres and heterochromatic knobs, and 53 Mb of the Ab10 meiotic drive haplotype.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dawe, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seetharam, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chougule, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swentowsky, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gent, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Llaca, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodhouse, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manchanda, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Presting, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kudrna, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alabady, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirsch, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fengler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ware, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hufford, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.14.906230</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gapless assembly of maize chromosomes using long read technologies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.17.909838v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A standardized and reproducible method to measure decision-making in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.17.909838v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Progress in science requires standardized assays whose results can be readily shared, compared, and reproduced across laboratories. Reproducibility, however, has been a concern in neuroscience, particularly for measurements of mouse behavior. Here we show that a standardized task to probe decision-making in mice produces reproducible results across multiple laboratories. We designed a task for head-fixed mice that combines established assays of perceptual and value-based decision making, and we standardized training protocol and experimental hardware, software, and procedures. We trained 140 mice across seven laboratories in three countries, and we collected 5 million mouse choices into a publicly available database. Learning speed was variable across mice and laboratories, but once training was complete there were no significant differences in behavior across laboratories. Mice in different laboratories adopted similar reliance on visual stimuli, on past successes and failures, and on estimates of stimulus prior probability to guide their choices. These results reveal that a complex mouse behavior can be successfully reproduced across multiple laboratories. They establish a standard for reproducible rodent behavior, and provide an unprecedented dataset and open-access tools to study decision-making in mice. More generally, they indicate a path towards achieving reproducibility in neuroscience through collaborative open-science approaches.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>The International Brain Laboratory</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguillon, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angelaki, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bayer, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonacchi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carandini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cazettes, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Churchland, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chapuis, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dewitt, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faulkner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamish, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haetzel, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hausser, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khanal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krasniak, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laranjeira, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mainen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meijer, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miska, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mrsic-Flogel, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noel, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan Vazquez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanders, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Socha, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Terry, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vergara, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wells, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Witten, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wool, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zador, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.17.909838</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A standardized and reproducible method to measure decision-making in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.18.910323v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deciphering the regulatory genome of Escherichiacoli, one hundred promoters at a time 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.18.910323v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Advances in DNA sequencing have revolutionized our ability to read genomes. However, even in the most well-studied of organisms, the bacterium Escherichia coli, for {approx} 65% of the promoters we remain completely ignorant of their regulation. Until we have cracked this regulatory Rosetta Stone, efforts to read and write genomes will remain haphazard. We introduce a new method (Reg-Seq) linking a massively-parallel reporter assay and mass spectrometry to produce a base pair resolution dissection of more than 100 promoters in E. coli in 12 different growth conditions. First, we show that our method recapitulates regulatory information from known sequences. Then, we examine the regulatory architectures for more than 80 promoters in the E. coli genome which previously had no known regulation. In many cases, we also identify which transcription factors mediate their regulation. The method introduced here clears a path for fully characterizing the regulatory genome of model organisms, with the potential of moving on to an array of other microbes of ecological and medical relevance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ireland, W. T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beeler, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flores-Bautista, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belliveau, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sweredoski, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moradian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinney, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillips, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.18.910323</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deciphering the regulatory genome of Escherichiacoli, one hundred promoters at a time]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.24.917914v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparing DNA replication programs reveals large timing shifts at centromeres of endocycling cells in maize roots 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.24.917914v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plant cells undergo two types of cell cycles - the mitotic cycle in which DNA replication is coupled to mitosis, and the endocycle in which DNA replication occurs in the absence of cell division. To investigate DNA replication programs in these two types of cell cycles, we pulse labeled intact root tips of maize (Zea mays) with 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine (EdU) and used flow sorting of nuclei to examine DNA replication timing (RT) during the transition from a mitotic cycle to an endocycle. Here, we compare sequence-based RT profiles and found that most regions of the maize genome replicate at the same time during S phase in mitotic and endocycling cells, despite the need to replicate twice as much DNA in the endocycle. However, regions collectively corresponding to 2% of the genome displayed significant changes in timing between the two types of cell cycles. The majority of these regions are small, with a median size of 135 kb, and shift to a later RT in the endocycle. However, we found larger regions that shifted RT in centromeres of seven of the ten maize chromosomes. These regions covered the majority of the previously defined functional centromere in each case, which are [~]1-2 Mb in size in the reference genome. They replicate mainly during mid S phase in mitotic cells, but primarily in late S phase of the endocycle. Strikingly, the immediately adjacent pericentromere sequences are primarily late replicating in both cell cycles. Analysis of CENH3 enrichment levels in nuclei of different ploidies suggested that there is only a partial replacement of CENH3 nucleosomes after endocycle replication is complete. The shift to later replication of centromeres and reduced CENH3 enrichment after endocycle replication is consistent with the hypothesis that centromeres are being inactivated as their function is no longer needed.

AUTHOR SUMMARYIn traditional cell division, or mitosis, a cells genetic material is duplicated and then split between two daughter cells. In contrast, in some specialized cell types, the DNA is duplicated a second time without an intervening division step, resulting in cells that carry twice as much DNA - a phenomenon called an endocycle, which is common during plant development. At each step, DNA replication follows an ordered program, in which highly compacted DNA is unraveled and replicated in sections at different times during the synthesis (S) phase. In plants, it is unclear whether traditional and endocycle programs are the same. Using root tips of maize, we found a small portion of the genome whose replication in the endocycle is shifted in time, usually to later in S phase. Some of these regions are scattered around the genome, and mostly coincide with active genes. However, the most prominent shifts occur in centromeres. This location is noteworthy because centromeres orchestrate the process of separating duplicated chromosomes into daughter cells, a function that is not needed in the endocycle. Our observation that centromeres replicate later in the endocycle suggests there is an important link between the time of replication and the function of centromeres.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wear, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zynda, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mickelson-Young, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LeBlanc, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, T.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deppong, D. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martienssen, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaughn, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanley-Bowdoin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, W. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.24.917914</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparing DNA replication programs reveals large timing shifts at centromeres of endocycling cells in maize roots]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.24.919167v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Arabidopsis "retrovirome" and its regulation by epigenetically activated small RNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.24.919167v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In Arabidopsis, LTR-retrotransposons are activated by mutations in the chromatin remodeler DECREASE in DNA METHYLATION 1 (DDM1), giving rise to 21-22nt epigenetically activated siRNAs (easiRNAs) that depend on RNA DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE 6 (RDR6). We purified virus-like-particles (VLPs) from ddm1 and ddm1rdr6 mutants in which genomic RNA is reverse transcribed into complementary DNA. Next generation short-read and long-read sequencing of VLP DNA (VLP DNA-seq) revealed a comprehensive catalog of active LTR-retrotransposons without the need for mapping transposition, and independent of genomic copy number. Linear replication intermediates of a functionally intact copia element EVADE revealed multiple central polypurine tracts (cPPT), a feature shared with HIV where cPPT promote nuclear localization. For one member of the ATCOPIA52 subfamily (SISYPHUS), cPPT intermediates were not observed, but abundant circular DNA indicated transposon "suicide" by auto-integration within the VLP. easiRNA targeted EVADE genomic RNA, polysome association of GYPSY (ATHILA) subgenomic RNA, and transcription via histone H3 lysine-9 dimethylation. VLP DNA-seq provides a comprehensive landscape of LTR-retrotransposons, and their control at transcriptional, post-transcriptional and reverse transcriptional levels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ernst, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berube, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borges, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schorn, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parent, J.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ledon, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martienssen, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.24.919167</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Arabidopsis "retrovirome" and its regulation by epigenetically activated small RNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.03.931881v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MaTAR25 LncRNA Regulates the Tensin1 Gene to Impact Breast Cancer Progression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.03.931881v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Misregulation of long non-coding RNA genes has been linked to a wide variety of cancer types. Here we report on Mammary Tumor Associated RNA 25 (MaTAR25), a nuclear enriched and chromatin associated lncRNA that plays a role in mammary tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, both in vitro and in vivo. MaTAR25 functions by interacting with purine rich element binding protein B (PURB), and associating with a major downstream target gene Tensin 1 (Tns1) to regulate its expression in trans. Knockout of MaTAR25 results in down-regulation of Tns1 leading to a reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, and a reduction of focal adhesions and microvilli. The human ortholog of MaTAR25, LINC01271, is upregulated with human breast cancer stage and metastasis.

SIGNIFICANCELncRNAs have great potential to reveal new regulatory mechanisms of function as well as having exciting therapeutic capacity given their ease of being targeted by nucleic acid drugs. Our study of MaTAR25, and its human ortholog LINC01271, reveal an unexpected function of this lncRNA in breast cancer progression by regulating Tns1 gene expression, whose protein product is a critical component of focal adhesions linking signaling between the extracellular matrix and the actin cytoskeleton. We identified LINC01271 as the human ortholog of MaTAR25, and importantly, increased expression of LINC01271 is associated with poor patient prognosis and cancer metastasis. Our findings demonstrate that LINC01271 represents an exciting therapeutic target to alter breast cancer progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chang, K.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diermeier, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brine, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhatia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alsudani, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kostroff, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhuiya, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brogi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rigo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spector, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.03.931881</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MaTAR25 LncRNA Regulates the Tensin1 Gene to Impact Breast Cancer Progression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.11.944132v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
iGenomics: Comprehensive DNA Sequence Analysis on your Smartphone 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.11.944132v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Following the miniaturization of integrated circuitry and other computer hardware over the past several decades, DNA sequencing is following a similar path. Leading this trend is the Oxford Nanopore sequencing platform, which currently offers the hand-held MinION instrument and even smaller instruments on the near horizon. This technology has been used in several important applications, including the analysis of genomes of major pathogens in remote stations around the world. However, despite the simplicity of the sequencer, an equally simple and portable analysis platform is not yet available.

iGenomics is the first comprehensive mobile genome analysis application, with capabilities to align reads, call variants, and visualize the results entirely on an iOS device. Implemented in Objective-C using the FM-index, banded dynamic programming, and other high-performance bioinformatics techniques, iGenomics is optimized to run in a mobile environment. We benchmark iGenomics using a variety of real and simulated Nanopore sequencing datasets and show that iGenomics has performance comparable to the popular BWA-MEM/Samtools/IGV suite, without needing a laptop or server cluster. iGenomics is available open-source (https://github.com/stuckinaboot/iGenomics) and for free on Apples App Store (https://apps.apple.com/us/app/igenomics-mobile-dna-analysis/id1495719841).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Palatnick, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghedin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schatz, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.11.944132</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[iGenomics: Comprehensive DNA Sequence Analysis on your Smartphone]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.17.953141v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Basal forebrain-derived acetylcholine encodes valence-free reinforcement prediction error. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.17.953141v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Acetylcholine (Ach) is released by the cholinergic basal forebrain (CBF) throughout the cortical mantle and is implicated in behavioral functions ranging from arousal to attention to learning. Yet what signal ACh provides to cortex remains unresolved, hindering our understanding of its functional roles. Here we demonstrate that the CBF signals unsigned reinforcement prediction error, in contrast to dopamine (DA) neurons that encode reward prediction error. We show that both CBF neuronal activity and acetylcholine (ACh) release at cortical targets signal reinforcement delivery, acquire responses to predictive stimuli and show diminished responses to expected outcomes, hallmarks of a prediction error. To compare ACh with DA, we simultaneously monitored the activity of both neuromodulators during a serial reversal learning task. ACh tracked learning as swiftly as DA during acquisition but lagged slightly during extinction, suggesting that these neuromodulators play complementary roles in reinforcement as their patterns of innervation, cellular targets, and signaling mechanisms are themselves complementary. Through retrograde viral tracing we show that the cholinergic and dopaminergic systems engage overlapping upstream circuits, accounting for their coordination during learning. This predictive and valence-free signal explains how ACh can proactively and retroactively improve the processing of behaviorally important stimuli, be they good or bad.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sturgill, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hegedüs, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chevy, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siebels, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jing, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hangya, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kepecs, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.17.953141</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Basal forebrain-derived acetylcholine encodes valence-free reinforcement prediction error.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.18.955237v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Semantic segmentation of microscopic neuroanatomical data by combining topological priors with encoder-decoder deep networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.18.955237v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding of neuronal circuitry at cellular resolution within the brain has relied on tract tracing methods which involve careful observation and interpretation by experienced neuroscientists. With recent developments in imaging and digitization, this approach is no longer feasible with the large scale (terabyte to petabyte range) images. Machine learning based techniques, using deep networks, provide an efficient alternative to the problem. However, these methods rely on very large volumes of annotated images for training and have error rates that are too high for scientific data analysis, and thus requires a significant volume of human-in-the-loop proofreading. Here we introduce a hybrid architecture combining prior structure in the form of topological data analysis methods, based on discrete Morse theory, with the best-in-class deep-net architectures for the neuronal connectivity analysis. We show significant performance gains using our hybrid architecture on detection of topological structure (e.g. connectivity of neuronal processes and local intensity maxima on axons corresponding to synaptic swellings) with precision/recall close to 90% compared with human observers. We have adapted our architecture to a high performance pipeline capable of semantic segmentation of light microscopic whole-brain image data into a hierarchy of neuronal compartments. We expect that the hybrid architecture incorporating discrete Morse techniques into deep nets will generalize to other data domains.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magee, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huo, B.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jayakumar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matho, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, M.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ram, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sivaprakasam, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitra, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.18.955237</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Semantic segmentation of microscopic neuroanatomical data by combining topological priors with encoder-decoder deep networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.19.956896v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interpreting Deep Neural Networks Beyond Attribution Methods: Quantifying Global Importance of Genomic Features 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.19.956896v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite deep neural networks (DNNs) having found great success at improving performance on various prediction tasks in computational genomics, it remains difficult to understand why they make any given prediction. In genomics, the main approaches to interpret a high-performing DNN are to visualize learned representations via weight visualizations and attribution methods. While these methods can be informative, each has strong limitations. For instance, attribution methods only uncover the independent contribution of single nucleotide variants in a given sequence. Here we discuss and argue for global importance analysis which can quantify population-level importance of putative features and their interactions learned by a DNN. We highlight recent work that has benefited from this interpretability approach and then discuss connections between global importance analysis and causality.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Koo, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ploenzke, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.19.956896</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interpreting Deep Neural Networks Beyond Attribution Methods: Quantifying Global Importance of Genomic Features]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.20.958629v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Methods for Running a Successful Women-in-STEM Organization on an Academic Campus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.20.958629v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The current academic culture facing women in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields in the United States has sparked the formation of grassroots advocacy groups to empower female scientists-in-training. However, the impact of these initiatives often goes unmeasured and underappreciated. Our Women in Science and Engineering (WiSE) organization serves post-doctoral researchers, graduate students, and research technicians (trainees) at a private research institute for biological sciences. Here we propose the following guidelines for cultivating a successful women-in-STEM-focused group based upon survey results from our own scientific community as well as the experience of our WiSE group leaders. We hope these recommendations can provide guidance to advocacy groups at other research and academic organizations that wish to strengthen their efforts. While our own group specifically focuses on the underrepresented state of women in science, we hope these guidelines may be adapted and applied to groups that advocate for any minority group within the greater scientific community (i.e. those of gender, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic background, sexual orientation, etc.).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rupert, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nowlan, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tam, O. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gale Hammell, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.20.958629</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Methods for Running a Successful Women-in-STEM Organization on an Academic Campus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.29.970558v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An integrated transcriptomic and epigenomic atlas of mouse primary motor cortex cell types 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.29.970558v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single cell transcriptomics has transformed the characterization of brain cell identity by providing quantitative molecular signatures for large, unbiased samples of brain cell populations. With the proliferation of taxonomies based on individual datasets, a major challenge is to integrate and validate results toward defining biologically meaningful cell types. We used a battery of single-cell transcriptome and epigenome measurements generated by the BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network (BICCN) to comprehensively assess the molecular signatures of cell types in the mouse primary motor cortex (MOp). We further developed computational and statistical methods to integrate these multimodal data and quantitatively validate the reproducibility of the cell types. The reference atlas, based on more than 600,000 high quality single-cell or -nucleus samples assayed by six molecular modalities, is a comprehensive molecular account of the diverse neuronal and non-neuronal cell types in MOp. Collectively, our study indicates that the mouse primary motor cortex contains over 55 neuronal cell types that are highly replicable across analysis methods, sequencing technologies, and modalities. We find many concordant multimodal markers for each cell type, as well as thousands of genes and gene regulatory elements with discrepant transcriptomic and epigenomic signatures. These data highlight the complex molecular regulation of brain cell types and will directly enable design of reagents to target specific MOp cell types for functional analysis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adkins, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aldrige, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ament, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartlett, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behrens, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van den Berge, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertagnolli, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biancalani, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Booeshaghi, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corrada Bravo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casper, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colantuoni, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crabtree, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creasy, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crichton, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crow, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dee, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doyle, W. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dudoit, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Felix, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fong, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giglio, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldy, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawrylycz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bezieux, H. R. d.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herb, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hertzano, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kancherla, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kroll, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lathia, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucero, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahurkar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMillen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nadaf, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ner</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.29.970558</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An integrated transcriptomic and epigenomic atlas of mouse primary motor cortex cell types]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.02.973016v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Citric Acid water as an alternative to water scheduling in behaving mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.02.973016v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWPowerful neural measurement and perturbation tools have positioned mice as an ideal species for probing the neural circuit mechanisms of cognition. Crucial to this success is the ability to motivate animals to perform specific behaviors. One successful strategy is to restrict their water intake, rewarding them with water during a behavioral task. However, water restriction requires rigorous monitoring of animals health and hydration status and can be challenging for some mice.

We present an alternative that allows mice more control over their water intake: free home-cage access to water, made slightly sour by a small amount of citric acid (CA). In a previous study, rats with free access to CA water readily performed a behavioral task for water rewards, although completing fewer trials than under water restriction (Reinagel, 2018). We here extend this approach to mice and confirm its robustness across multiple laboratories.

Mice reduced their intake of CA water while maintaining healthy weights. Continuous home-cage access to CA water only subtly impacted their willingness to perform a decision-making task, in which they were rewarded with sweetened water. When free CA water was used instead of water restriction only on weekends, learning and decision-making behavior were unaffected. CA water is thus a promising alternative to water restriction, allowing animals more control over their water intake without interfering with behavioral performance.

SO_SCPLOWIGNIFICANCEC_SCPLOW SO_SCPLOWTATEMENTC_SCPLOWHigh-throughput, reliable behavioral training is a key requirement for the use of mice in behavioral and systems neuroscience, but depends crucially on ability to motivate animals to perform specific behaviors. Here, we present an alternative method to commonly used methods of water restriction: free home-cage access to water, made slightly sour by a small amount of citric acid. This non-labor-intensive, low-error option benefits animal health without hindering behavioral training progress. Citric acid water can serve as a reliable and standardized strategy to achieve high quality task behavior, further facilitating the use of mice in high-throughput behavioral studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Urai, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguillon-Rodriguez, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laranjeira, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cazettes, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>The International Brain Laboratory,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mainen, Z. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Churchland, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.02.973016</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Citric Acid water as an alternative to water scheduling in behaving mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.03.974220v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Improving replicability in single-cell RNA-Seq cell type discovery with Dune 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.03.974220v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-Seq) has allowed many new types of investigations at unprecedented and unique levels of resolution. Among the primary goals of scRNA-Seq is the classification of cells into potentially novel cell types. Many approaches build on the existing clustering literature to develop tools specific to single-cell applications. However, almost all of these methods rely on heuristics or user-supplied parameters to control the number of clusters identified. This affects both the resolution of the clusters within the original dataset as well as their replicability across datasets. While many recommendations exist to select these tuning parameters, most of them are quite ad hoc. In general, there is little assurance that any given set of parameters will represent an optimal choice in the ever-present trade-off between cluster resolution and replicability. For instance, it may be the case that another set of parameters will result in more clusters that are also more replicable, or in fewer clusters that are also less replicable.

Here, we propose a new method called Dune for optimizing the trade-off between the resolution of the clusters and their replicability across datasets. Our method takes as input a set of clustering results on a single dataset, derived from any set of clustering algorithms and associated tuning parameters, and iteratively merges clusters within partitions in order to maximize their concordance between partitions. As demonstrated on a variety of scRNA-Seq datasets from different platforms, Dune outperforms existing techniques, that rely on hierarchical merging for reducing the number of clusters, in terms of replicability of the resultant merged clusters. It provides an objective approach for identifying replicable consensus clusters most likely to represent common biological features across multiple datasets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roux de Bezieux, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Street, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van den Berge, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chance, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Risso, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ngai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Purdom, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dudoit, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.03.974220</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Improving replicability in single-cell RNA-Seq cell type discovery with Dune]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.06.979153v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Parallel organization of cerebellar pathways to sensorimotor, associative, and modulatory forebrain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.06.979153v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cerebellar outputs take polysynaptic routes to reach the rest of the brain, impeding conventional tracing. Here we quantify pathways between cerebellum and forebrain using transsynaptic tracing viruses and a whole-brain quantitative analysis pipeline. Retrograde tracing found a majority of descending paths originating from somatomotor cortex. Anterograde tracing of ascending paths encompassed most thalamic nuclei, especially ventral posteromedial, lateral posterior, mediodorsal, and reticular nuclei; in neocortex, sensorimotor regions contained the most labeled neurons, but higher densities were found in associative areas, including orbital, anterior cingulate, prelimbic, and infralimbic cortex. Patterns of ascending expression correlated with c-Fos expression after optogenetic inhibition of Purkinje cells. Our results reveal homologous networks linking single areas of cerebellar cortex to diverse forebrain targets. We conclude that shared areas of cerebellum are positioned to provide sensory-motor information to regions implicated in both movement and nonmotor function.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/979153v3_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1bead0corg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1531de2org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1cf02f6org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1cb6774_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pisano, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dhanerawala, Z. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kislin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakshinskaya, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engel, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Oude, N. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Umadevi Venkataraju, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verpeut, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boele, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S. S.- H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.06.979153</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Parallel organization of cerebellar pathways to sensorimotor, associative, and modulatory forebrain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.06.979690v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Choices Change the Temporal Weighting of Decision Evidence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.06.979690v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Decisions do not occur in isolation, but are embedded in sequences of other decisions, often pertaining to the same source of evidence. Here, we characterized the impact of intermittent choices on the accumulation of a protracted stream of decision-relevant evidence towards a final decision. Human participants performed two versions, based on perceptual or numerical evidence, of a decision task that required two successive judgments at different times during the evidence stream: an intermittent response consisting of a binary choice, and a continuous estimation at the end of the evidence stream. In a control condition, subjects executed a choice-independent motor response instead of binary choice as the intermittent response. In both, perceptual and numerical tasks, the intermittent choice reduced the sensitivity of subsequent evidence, and flipped the relative temporal weighting of early and late evidence in the final estimation judgment. The individual extent of the choice-induced overall (non-selective) sensitivity reduction predicted the extent of the selective down-weighting of subsequent evidence inconsistent with the initial choice, a form of confirmation bias. In sum, active decisions about a protracted evidence stream profoundly alter the dynamics of evidence accumulation, consistent with an active, modulatory mechanism triggered by the choice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Talluri, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urai, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bronfman, Z. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brezis, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsetsos, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Usher, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donner, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.06.979690</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Choices Change the Temporal Weighting of Decision Evidence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.07.977694v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genomic islands of differentiation in a rapid avian radiation have been driven by recent selective sweeps 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.07.977694v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Numerous studies of emerging species have identified genomic "islands" of elevated differentiation against a background of relative homogeneity. The causes of these islands remain unclear, however, with some signs pointing toward "speciation genes" that locally restrict gene flow and others suggesting selective sweeps that have occurred within nascent species after speciation. Here, we examine this question through the lens of genome sequence data for five species of southern capuchino seedeaters, finch-like birds from South America that have undergone a species radiation during the last [~]50,000 generations. By applying newly developed statistical methods for ancestral recombination graph inference and machine-learning methods for the prediction of selective sweeps, we show that previously identified islands of differentiation in these birds appear to be generally associated with relatively recent, species-specific selective sweeps, most of which are predicted to be "soft" sweeps acting on standing genetic variation. Many of these sweeps coincide with genes associated with melanin-based variation in plumage, suggesting a prominent role for sexual selection. At the same time, a few loci also exhibit indications of possible selection against gene flow. These observations shed new light on the complex manner in which natural selection shapes genome sequences during speciation.

Significance StatementGenome-wide scans can identify differentiated loci between species that may have promoted speciation. So-called "islands of differentiation" have generally been identified and characterized using standard population genetic summary statistics (e.g., FST and dxy), which are limited in distinguishing among possible causes of differentiation, such as selection against gene flow and selective sweeps. We introduce a powerful strategy for analyzing such islands, combining new methods for inferring the full Ancestral Recombination Graph and machine learning methods for identifying selective sweeps. We applied our methods to genomic sequences from closely related southern capuchino seedeaters (Neotropical tanagers) and found signatures of recent selective sweeps around pigmentation genes, including many "soft" sweeps that acted on standing variation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hejase, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salman-Minkov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campagna, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hubisz, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lovette, I. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gronau, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siepel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.07.977694</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genomic islands of differentiation in a rapid avian radiation have been driven by recent selective sweeps]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.21.000323v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Detection and skeletonization of single neurons and tracer injections using topological methods 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.21.000323v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuroscientific data analysis has traditionally relied on linear algebra and stochastic process theory. However, the tree-like shapes of neurons cannot be described easily as points in a vector space (the subtraction of two neuronal shapes is not a meaningful operation), and methods from computational topology are better suited to their analysis. Here we introduce methods from Discrete Morse (DM) Theory to extract the tree-skeletons of individual neurons from volumetric brain image data, and to summarize collections of neurons labelled by tracer injections. Since individual neurons are topologically trees, it is sensible to summarize the collection of neurons using a consensus tree-shape that provides a richer information summary than the traditional regional  connectivity matrix approach. The conceptually elegant DM approach lacks hand-tuned parameters and captures global properties of the data as opposed to previous approaches which are inherently local. For individual skeletonization of sparsely labelled neurons we obtain substantial performance gains over state-of-the-art non-topological methods (over 10% improvements in precision and faster proofreading). The consensus-tree summary of tracer injections incorporates the regional connectivity matrix information, but in addition captures the collective collateral branching patterns of the set of neurons connected to the injection site, and provides a bridge between single-neuron morphology and tracer-injection data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magee, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huo, B.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jayakumar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ram, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitra, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.21.000323</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Detection and skeletonization of single neurons and tracer injections using topological methods]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.22.002618v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Solving the where problem in neuroanatomy: a generative framework with learned mappings to register multimodal, incomplete data into a reference brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.22.002618v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A current focus of research in neuroscience is to enumerate, map and annotate neuronal cell types in whole vertebrate brains using different modalities of data acquisition. Mapping these molecular and anatomical datasets into a common reference space remains a key challenge. While several brain-to-atlas mapping workflows exist, they do not adequately address challenges of modern high throughput neuroimaging, including multimodal and multiscale signals, missing data or non reference signals, and geometric quantification of individual variation. Our solution is to implement a generative statistical model that describes the likelihood of imaging data given a sequence of transforms of an atlas image, and a framework for maximum a posteriori estimation of unknown parameters capturing the issues listed above. The key idea in our approach is to minimize the difference between synthetic image volumes and real data over these parameter.

Rather than merely using mappings as a "normalization" step, we implement tools for using their local metric changes as an opportunity for geometric quantification of technical and biological sources of variation in an unprecedented manner. While the framework is used to compute pairwise mappings, our approach particularly allows for easy compositions across chains of multimodality datasets. We apply these methods across a broad range of datasets including various combinations of in-vivo and ex-vivo MRI, 3D STP and fMOST data sets, 2D serial histology sections, and brains processed for snRNAseq with tissue partially removed. We show biological utility by quantifying cell density and diffeomorphic characterization of brain shape fluctuations across biological covariates. We note that the magnitude of individual variation is often greater than differences between different sample preparation techniques.

To facilitate community accessibility, we implement our algorithm as open source, include a web based framework, and implement input and output dataset standards. Our work establishes a quantitative, scalable and streamlined workflow for unifying a broad spectrum of multi-modal whole-brain light microscopic data volumes into a coordinate-based atlas framework. This work enables large scale integration of whole brain data sets that are essential in modern neuroscience.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tward, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitra, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.22.002618</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Solving the where problem in neuroanatomy: a generative framework with learned mappings to register multimodal, incomplete data into a reference brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.26.009365v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Top-down coordination of local cortical state during selective attention 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.26.009365v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spontaneous fluctuations in cortical excitability influence sensory processing and behavior. These fluctuations, long known to reflect global changes in cortical state, were recently found to be modulated locally within a retinotopic map during spatially selective attention. We found that periods of vigorous (On) and faint (Off) spiking activity, the signature of cortical state fluctuations, were coordinated across brain areas along the visual hierarchy and tightly coupled to their retinotopic alignment. During top-down attention, this interareal coordination was enhanced and progressed along the reverse cortical hierarchy. The extent of local state coordination between areas was predictive of behavioral performance. Our results show that cortical state dynamics are shared across brain regions, modulated by cognitive demands and relevant for behavior.

One Sentence SummaryInterareal coordination of local cortical state is retinotopically precise and progresses in a reverse hierarchical manner during selective attention.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>van Kempen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gieselmann, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyd, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinmetz, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engel, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thiele, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.26.009365</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Top-down coordination of local cortical state during selective attention]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.28.013672v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cigarette smoke triggers the expansion of a subpopulation of respiratory epithelial cells that express the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.28.013672v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The factors mediating fatal SARS-CoV-2 infections are poorly understood. Here, we show that cigarette smoke causes a dose-dependent upregulation of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, in rodent and human lungs. Using single-cell sequencing data, we demonstrate that ACE2 is expressed in a subset of secretory cells in the respiratory tract. Chronic smoke exposure triggers the expansion of this cell population and a concomitant increase in ACE2 expression. In contrast, quitting smoking decreases the abundance of these secretory cells and reduces ACE2 levels. Finally, we demonstrate that ACE2 expression is responsive to inflammatory signaling and can be upregulated by viral infections or interferon treatment. Taken together, these results may partially explain why smokers are particularly susceptible to severe SARS-CoV-2 infections. Furthermore, our work identifies ACE2 as an interferon-stimulated gene in lung cells, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 infections could create positive-feedback loops that increase ACE2 levels and facilitate viral dissemination.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Smith, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheltzer, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.28.013672</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cigarette smoke triggers the expansion of a subpopulation of respiratory epithelial cells that express the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.31.016972v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolution of cellular diversity in primary motor cortex of human, marmoset monkey, and mouse 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.31.016972v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The primary motor cortex (M1) is essential for voluntary fine motor control and is functionally conserved across mammals. Using high-throughput transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling of over 450,000 single nuclei in human, marmoset monkey, and mouse, we demonstrate a broadly conserved cellular makeup of this region, whose similarity mirrors evolutionary distance and is consistent between the transcriptome and epigenome. The core conserved molecular identity of neuronal and non-neuronal types allowed the generation of a cross-species consensus cell type classification and inference of conserved cell type properties across species. Despite overall conservation, many species specializations were apparent, including differences in cell type proportions, gene expression, DNA methylation, and chromatin state. Few cell type marker genes were conserved across species, providing a short list of candidate genes and regulatory mechanisms responsible for conserved features of homologous cell types, such as the GABAergic chandelier cells. This consensus transcriptomic classification allowed the Patch-seq identification of layer 5 (L5) corticospinal Betz cells in non-human primate and human and characterization of their highly specialized physiology and anatomy. These findings highlight the robust molecular underpinnings of cell type diversity in M1 across mammals and point to the genes and regulatory pathways responsible for the functional identity of cell types and their species-specific adaptations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bakken, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jorstad, N. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lake, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalmbach, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crow, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodge, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krienen, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorensen, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eggermont, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aevermann, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aldridge, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartlett, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertagnolli, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casper, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castanon, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crichton, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daigle, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalley, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dee, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dembrow, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diep, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, S.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldy, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graybuck, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herb, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kancherla, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kroll, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lathia, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lew, B. v.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahurkar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMillen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moussa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nery, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orvis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ow</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.31.016972</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolution of cellular diversity in primary motor cortex of human, marmoset monkey, and mouse]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.31.018291v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome and time-of-day transcriptome of Wolffia australiana link morphological extreme minimization with un-gated plant growth 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.31.018291v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Wolffia is the fastest growing plant genus on Earth with a recorded doubling time of less than a day. Wolffia has a dramatically reduced body plan, primarily growing through a continuous, budding-type asexual reproduction with no obvious phase transition. Most plants are bound by the 24-hour light-dark cycle with the majority of processes such as gene expression partitioned or phased to a specific time-of-day (TOD). However, the role that TOD information and the circadian clock plays in facilitating the growth of a fast-growing plant is unknown. Here we generated draft reference genomes for Wolffia australiana (Benth.) Hartog & Plas to monitor gene expression over a two-day time course under light-dark cycles. Wolffia australiana has the smallest genome size in the genus at 357 Mb and has a dramatically reduced gene set at 15,312 with a specific loss of root (WOX5), vascular (CASP), circadian (TOC1), and light-signaling (NPH3) genes. Remarkably, it has also lost all but one of the NLR genes that are known to be involved in innate immunity. In addition, only 13% of its genes cycle, which is far less than in other plants, with an overrepresentation of genes associated with carbon processing and chloroplast-related functions. Despite having a focused set of cycling genes, TOD cis-elements are conserved in W. australiana, consistent with the overall conservation of transcriptional networks. In contrast to the model plants Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa, the reduction in cycling genes correlates with fewer pathways under TOD control in Wolffia, which could reflect a release of functional gating. Since TOD networks and the circadian clock work to gate activities to specific times of day, this minimization of regulation may enable Wolffia to grow continuously with optimal economy. Wolffia is an ideal model to study the transcriptional control of growth and the findings presented here could serve as a template for plant improvement.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Michael, T. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ernst, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartwick, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bryant, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ortleb, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baggs, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sree, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Appenroth, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuchs, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jupe, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandoval, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krasileva, K. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borisjuk, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mockler, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ecker, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martienssen, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lam, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.31.018291</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome and time-of-day transcriptome of Wolffia australiana link morphological extreme minimization with un-gated plant growth]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.31.018630v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiscale Co-expression in the Brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.31.018630v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNAseq) data can reveal co-regulatory relationships between genes that may be hidden in bulk RNAseq due to cell type confounding. Using the primary motor cortex data from the Brain Initiative Cell Census Network (BICCN), we study cell type specific co-expression across 500,000 cells. Surprisingly, we find that the same gene-gene relationships that differentiate cell types are evident at finer and broader scales, suggesting a consistent multiscale regulatory landscape.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Harris, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crow, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisher, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.31.018630</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiscale Co-expression in the Brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.08.029801v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BSAseq: an interactive and integrated web-based workflow for identification of causal mutations in bulked F2 populations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.08.029801v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryWith the advance of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies and reductions in the costs of these techniques, bulked segregant analysis (BSA) has become not only a powerful tool for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) but also a useful way to identify causal gene mutations underlying phenotypes of interest. However, due to the presence of background mutations and errors in sequencing, genotyping, and reference assembly, it is often difficult to distinguish true causal mutations from background mutations. In this study, we developed the BSAseq workflow, which includes an automated bioinformatics analysis pipeline with a probabilistic model for estimating the segregation region and an interactive Shiny web application for visualizing the results. We deeply sequenced a male sterile parental line (ms8) to capture the majority of background mutations in our bulked F2 data. We applied the workflow to 11 bulked F2 populations and identified the true causal mutation in each population. The workflow is intuitive and straightforward, facilitating its adoption by users without bioinformatics analysis skills. We anticipate that BSAseq will be broadly applicable to the identification of causal mutations for many phenotypes of interest.

AvailabilityBSAseq is freely available on https://www.sciapps.org/page/bsa

Contactliya.wang@cshl.edu, ware@cshl.edu, zhanguo.xin@ars.usda.gov
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.08.029801</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BSAseq: an interactive and integrated web-based workflow for identification of causal mutations in bulked F2 populations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.16.042762v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Microbes Found in the Honey of New York City Beehives 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.16.042762v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bees are incredibly important to the Earths ecosystem and provide humans with a variety of fruits and vegetables; however, due to Colony Collapse Disorder, hives are dying at an alarming rate. Colony Collapse Disorder is caused by a number of factors such as pesticides and bacteria that kill the bees. With the increase of urban beekeeping created in an effort to replenish the bee population, little is known about the microbes the bees are interacting with in New York City. This research looked at what microbes the bees came in contact with to use as a resource in identifying the differences between the neighborhoods. Two methods were used to extract the DNA, one looking at gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and the other looking at only gram-positive. The samples were taken from around New York City, Westchester County and Pennsylvania. The Pennsylvania sample was collected from a container of honey bought from Trader Joes. The reason both urban and rural samples were used was to see if there is an obvious difference in the microbes found between them.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Weiss, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayle, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nash, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.16.042762</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Microbes Found in the Honey of New York City Beehives]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.16.045625v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Corticostriatal Plasticity Established by Initial Learning Persists After Behavioral Reversal 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.16.045625v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The neural mechanisms that allow animals to adapt their previously learned associations in response to changes in the environment remain poorly understood. To probe the synaptic mechanisms that mediate such adaptive behavior, we trained mice on an auditory-motor reversal task, and tracked changes in the strength of corticostriatal synapses associated with the formation of learned associations. Using a ChR2-based electrophysiological assay in acute striatal slices, we measured the strength of these synapses after animals learned to pair auditory stimuli with specific actions. Here we report that the pattern of synaptic strength initially established by learning remains unchanged even when the task contingencies are reversed. Our results suggest that synaptic changes associated with the initial acquisition of this task are not erased or over-written, and that behavioral reversal of learned associations may recruit a separate neural circuit.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zador, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.16.045625</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Corticostriatal Plasticity Established by Initial Learning Persists After Behavioral Reversal]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.21.053900v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CoCoCoNet: Conserved and Comparative Co-expression Across a Diverse Set of Species 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.21.053900v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Co-expression analysis has provided insight into gene function in organisms from Arabidopsis to Zebrafish. Comparison across species has the potential to enrich these results, for example by prioritizing among candidate human disease genes based on their network properties, or by finding alternative model systems where their co-expression is conserved. Here, we present CoCoCoNet as a tool for identifying conserved gene modules and comparing co-expression networks. CoCoCoNet is a resource for both data and methods, providing gold-standard networks and sophisticated tools for on-the-fly comparative analyses across 14 species. We show how CoCoCoNet can be used in two use cases. In the first, we demonstrate deep conservation of a nucleolus gene module across very divergent organisms, and in the second, we show how the heterogeneity of autism mechanisms in humans can be broken down by functional groups, and translated to model organisms. CoCoCoNet is free to use and available to all at https://milton.cshl.edu/CoCoCoNet, with data and R scripts available at ftp://milton.cshl.edu/data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ballouz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crow, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.21.053900</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CoCoCoNet: Conserved and Comparative Co-expression Across a Diverse Set of Species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.22.054064v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic dissection of glutamatergic neuron subpopulations and developmental trajectories in the cerebral cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.22.054064v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diverse types of glutamatergic pyramidal neurons (PyNs) mediate the myriad processing streams and output channels of the cerebral cortex, yet all derive from neural progenitors of the embryonic dorsal telencephalon. Here, we establish genetic strategies and tools for dissecting and fate mapping PyN subpopulations based on their developmental and molecular programs. We leverage key transcription factors and effector genes to systematically target the temporal patterning programs in progenitors and differentiation programs in postmitotic neurons. We generated over a dozen temporally inducible mouse Cre and Flp knock-in driver lines to enable combinatorial targeting of major progenitor types and projection classes. Intersectional converter lines confer viral access to specific subsets defined by developmental origin, marker expression, anatomical location and projection targets. These strategies establish an experimental framework for understanding the hierarchical organization and developmental trajectory of PyN subpopulations that assemble cortical processing networks and output channels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Matho, K. S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huilgol, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galbavy, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Bella, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shetty, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palaniswamy, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatfield, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raudales, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narasimhan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gamache, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levine, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tucciarone, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitra, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osten, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arlotta, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.22.054064</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic dissection of glutamatergic neuron subpopulations and developmental trajectories in the cerebral cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.23.057893v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Causal integration of multi-omics data with prior knowledge to generate mechanistic hypotheses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.23.057893v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multi-omics datasets can provide molecular insights beyond the sum of individual omics. Diverse tools have been recently developed to integrate such datasets, but there are limited strategies to systematically extract mechanistic hypotheses from them. Here, we present COSMOS (Causal Oriented Search of Multi-Omics Space), a method that integrates phosphoproteomics, transcriptomics, and metabolics datasets. COSMOS combines extensive prior knowledge of signaling, metabolic, and gene regulatory networks with computational methods to estimate activities of transcription factors and kinases as well as network-level causal reasoning. COSMOS provides mechanistic hypotheses for experimental observations across multi-omics datasets. We applied COSMOS to a dataset comprising transcriptomics, phosphoproteomics, and metabolomics data from healthy and cancerous tissue from nine renal cell carcinoma patients. We used COSMOS to generate novel hypotheses such as the impact of Androgen Receptor on nucleoside metabolism and the influence of the JAK-STAT pathway on propionyl coenzyme A production. We expect that our freely available method will be broadly useful to extract mechanistic insights from multi-omics studies.



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]]></description>
<dc:creator>dugourd, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuppe, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sciacovelli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gjerga, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emdal, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bekker-Jensen, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kranz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bindels, E. J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olsen, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frezza, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kramann, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saez-Rodriguez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.23.057893</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Causal integration of multi-omics data with prior knowledge to generate mechanistic hypotheses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.28.066753v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A central amygdala-globus pallidus circuit conveys unconditioned stimulus information and controls fear learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.28.066753v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The central amygdala (CeA) is critically involved in a range of adaptive behaviors. In particular, the somatostatin-expressing (Sst+) neurons in the CeA are essential for classic fear conditioning. These neurons send long-range projections to several extra-amygdala targets, but the functions of these projections remain elusive. Here, we found in mice that a subset of Sst+ CeA neurons send projections to the globus pallidus external segment (GPe), and constitute essentially the entire GPe-projecting CeA population. Notably, chronic inhibition of GPe-projecting CeA neurons completely blocks auditory fear conditioning. These neurons are selectively excited by the unconditioned stimulus (US) during fear conditioning, and transient inactivation or activation of these neurons during US presentation impairs or promotes, respectively, fear learning. Our results suggest that a major function of Sst+ CeA neurons is to represent and convey US information through the CeA-GPe circuit, thereby instructing learning in fear conditioning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Giovanniello, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furlan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nachtrab, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.28.066753</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A central amygdala-globus pallidus circuit conveys unconditioned stimulus information and controls fear learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.29.069393v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hypothalamic circuitry underlying stress-induced insomnia and peripheral immunosuppression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.29.069393v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The neural substrates of insomnia/hyperarousal induced by stress remain unknown. Here, we show that restraint stress leads to hyperarousal associated with strong activation of corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (CRHPVN) and hypocretin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus (HcrtLH). CRHPVN neurons are quiescent during natural sleep-wake transitions but are strongly active under restraint stress. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockdown of the crh gene in CRHPVN neurons abolishes hyperarousal elicited by stimulating LH-projecting CRHPVN neurons. Genetic ablation of Hcrt neurons or crh gene knockdown significantly reduces insomnia/hyperarousal induced by restraint stress. Given the association between stress and immune function, we used single-cell mass cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF) to analyze peripheral blood and found extensive changes to immune cell distribution and functional responses during wakefulness upon optogenetic stimulation of CRHPVN neurons. Our findings suggest both central and peripheral systems are synergistically engaged in the response to stress via CRHPVN circuitry.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, S.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borniger, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamaguchi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hédou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaudillière, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Lecea, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.29.069393</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hypothalamic circuitry underlying stress-induced insomnia and peripheral immunosuppression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.04.077180v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Highly accurate long-read HiFi sequencing data for five complex genomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.04.077180v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The PacBio(R) HiFi sequencing method yields highly accurate long-read sequencing datasets with read lengths averaging 10-25 kb and accuracies greater than 99.5%. These accurate long reads can be used to improve results for complex applications such as single nucleotide and structural variant detection, genome assembly, assembly of difficult polyploid or highly repetitive genomes, and assembly of metagenomes. Currently, there is a need for sample data sets to both evaluate the benefits of these long accurate reads as well as for development of bioinformatic tools including genome assemblers, variant callers, and haplotyping algorithms. We present deep coverage HiFi datasets for five complex samples including the two inbred model genomes Mus musculus and Zea mays, as well as two complex genomes, octoploid Fragaria x ananassa and the diploid anuran Rana muscosa. Additionally, we release sequence data from a mock metagenome community. The datasets reported here can be used without restriction to develop new algorithms and explore complex genome structure and evolution. Data were generated on the PacBio Sequel II System.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hon, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mars, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karalius, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landolin, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maurer, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kudrna, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hardigan, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steiner, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knapp, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ware, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shapiro, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peluso, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rank, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.04.077180</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Highly accurate long-read HiFi sequencing data for five complex genomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.01.127035v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A scale-space approach for 3D neuronal traces analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.01.127035v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWTridimensional microscopy and algorithms for automated segmentation and tracing are revolutionizing neuroscience through the generation of growing libraries of neuron reconstructions. Innovative computational methods are needed to analyze these neural traces. In particular, means to analyse the geometric properties of traced neurites along their trajectory have been lacking. Here, we propose a local tridimensional (3D) scale metric derived from differential geometry, which is the distance in micrometers along which a curve is fully 3D as opposed to being embedded in a 2D plane or 1D line. We apply this metric to various neuronal traces ranging from single neurons to whole brain data. By providing a local readout of the geometric complexity, it offers a new mean of describing and comparing axonal and dendritic arbors from individual neurons or the behavior of axonal projections in different brain regions. This broadly applicable approach termed nAdder is available through the GeNePy3D open-source Python quantitative geometry library.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Phan, M.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matho, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Livet, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beaurepaire, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chessel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.01.127035</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A scale-space approach for 3D neuronal traces analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.01.128082v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Detection of Chemotherapy-Resistant Pancreatic Cancer Using a Glycan Biomarker 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.01.128082v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Background and AimsA subset of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) is highly resistant to systemic chemotherapy, but no markers are available in clinical settings to identify this subset. We hypothesized that chemotherapy-resistant PDACs express a glycan biomarker called sTRA. Methods. We tested this marker to identify treatment-resistant PDAC in multiple systems: sets of cell lines, organoids, and isogenic cell lines; primary tumors; and blood plasma from cohorts of human subjects. Results. Among a panel of 27 cell lines, high levels of cell-surface sTRA identified higher resistance to seven chemotherapeutics used against PDAC. Using primary tumors from two different cohorts, patients who were positive for a gene-expression classifier for sTRA received no statistically significant benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy, in contrast to those negative for the signature. In another cohort, using direct measurements of sTRA in tissue microarrays by quantitative immunofluorescence, patients who were high in sTRA again had no statistically significant benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. Further, a blood-plasma test for the sTRA glycan identified the PDACs that showed rapid relapse following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. This blood test performed with 96% specificity and 56% sensitivity in a blinded cohort using samples collected before the start of treatment. Conclusion. These findings establish that tissue or plasma sTRA can identify PDACs that are resistant to neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy. This capability could help apply systemic treatments more precisely and facilitate biomarker-guided trials targeting resistant PDAC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wisniewski, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Staal, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beddows, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plenker, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aldakkak, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnett, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kheir Gouda, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drake, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zureikat, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singhi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brand, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuveson, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haab, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.01.128082</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Detection of Chemotherapy-Resistant Pancreatic Cancer Using a Glycan Biomarker]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.14.150706v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Improving representations of genomic sequence motifs in convolutional networks with exponential activations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.14.150706v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) trained on regulatory genomic sequences tend to build representations in a distributed manner, making it a challenge to extract learned features that are biologically meaningful, such as sequence motifs. Here we perform a comprehensive analysis on synthetic sequences to investigate the role that CNN activations have on model interpretability. We show that employing an exponential activation to first layer filters consistently leads to interpretable and robust representations of motifs compared to other commonly used activations. Strikingly, we demonstrate that CNNs with better test performance do not necessarily imply more interpretable representations with attribution methods. We find that CNNs with exponential activations significantly improve the efficacy of recovering biologically meaningful representations with attribution methods. We demonstrate these results generalise to real DNA sequences across several in vivo datasets. Together, this work demonstrates how a small modification to existing CNNs, i.e. setting exponential activations in the first layer, can significantly improve the robustness and interpretabilty of learned representations directly in convolutional filters and indirectly with attribution methods.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Koo, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ploenzke, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.14.150706</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Improving representations of genomic sequence motifs in convolutional networks with exponential activations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.03.185991v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The role of CLV signalling in the negative regulation of mycorrhizal colonisation and nitrogen response of tomato 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.03.185991v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plants form mutualistic nutrient acquiring symbioses with microbes, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The formation of these symbioses is costly and plants employ a negative feedback loop termed autoregulation of mycorrhizae (AOM) to limit arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) formation. We provide evidence for the role of one leucine-rich-repeat receptor like kinase (FAB), a hydroxyproline O-arabinosyltransferase enzyme (FIN) and additional evidence for one receptor like protein (SlCLV2) in the negative regulation of AM formation in tomato. Reciprocal grafting experiments suggest that the FAB gene acts locally in the root, while the SlCLV2 gene may act in both the root and the shoot. External nutrients including phosphate and nitrate can also strongly suppress AM formation. We found that FAB and FIN are required for nitrate suppression of AM but are not required for the powerful suppression of AM colonisation by phosphate. This parallels some of the roles of legume homologs in the autoregulation of the more recently evolved symbioses with nitrogen-fixing bacteria leading to nodulation. This deep homology in the symbiotic role of these genes suggests that in addition to the early signalling events that lead to the establishment of AM and nodulation, the autoregulation pathway might also be considered part of the common symbiotic toolkit that enabled plants to form beneficial symbioses.

HighlightWe describe the role of CLV signalling elements in the negative regulation of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses of tomato, including influencing nitrate but not phosphate suppression of mycorrhizal colonisation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Velandia, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwon, C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wulf, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nichols, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reid, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.03.185991</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The role of CLV signalling in the negative regulation of mycorrhizal colonisation and nitrogen response of tomato]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.04.187286v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolution of DNA Replication Origin Specification and Gene Silencing Mechanisms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.04.187286v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DNA replication in eukaryotic cells initiates from chromosomal locations, called replication origins, that bind the Origin Recognition Complex (ORC) prior to S phase. Origin establishment is guided by well-defined DNA sequence motifs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and some other budding yeasts, but most eukaryotes lack sequence-specific origins. At present, the mechanistic and evolutionary reasons for this difference are unclear. A 3.9 Å structure of S. cerevisiae ORC-Cdc6-Cdt1-Mcm2-7 (OCCM) bound to origin DNA revealed, among other things, that a loop within Orc2 inserts into a DNA minor groove and an α-helix within Orc4 inserts into a DNA major groove1. We show that this Orc4 α-helix mediates the sequence-specificity of origins in S. cerevisiae. Specifically, mutations were identified within this α-helix that alter the sequence-dependent activity of individual origins as well as change global genomic origin firing patterns. This was accomplished using a massively parallel origin selection assay analyzed using a custom mutual-information-based modeling approach and a separate analysis of whole-genome replication profiling and statistics. Interestingly, the sequence specificity of DNA replication initiation, as mediated by the Orc4 α-helix, has evolved in close conjunction with the gain of ORC-Sir4-mediated gene silencing and the loss of RNA interference.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tareen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheu, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ireland, W. T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Speck, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshua-Tor, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinney, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stillman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.04.187286</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolution of DNA Replication Origin Specification and Gene Silencing Mechanisms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.13.200477v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Activating a collaborative innate-adaptive immune response to control breast and ovarian cancer metastasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.13.200477v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many cancers recruit monocytes/macrophages and polarize them into tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). TAMs promote tumor growth and metastasis and inhibit cytotoxic T cells. Yet, macrophages can also kill cancer cells after polarization by e.g., lipopolysaccharide (LPS, a bacteria-derived toll-like receptor 4 [TLR4] agonist) and interferon gamma (IFN{gamma}). They do so via nitric oxide (NO), generated by inducible NO synthase (iNOS). Altering the polarization of macrophages could therefore be a strategy for controlling cancer. Here, we show that monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA, a derivative of LPS) with IFN{gamma} activated macrophages isolated from metastatic pleural effusions of breast cancer patients to kill the corresponding patients cancer cells in vitro. Importantly, intratumoral injection of MPLA with IFN{gamma} not only controlled local tumor growth but also reduced metastasis in mouse models of luminal and triple negative breast cancers. Furthermore, intraperitoneal administration of MPLA with IFN{gamma} reprogrammed peritoneal macrophages, suppressed metastasis, and enhanced the response to chemotherapy in the ID8-p53-/- ovarian carcinoma mouse model. The combined MPLA+IFN{gamma} treatment reprogrammed the immunosuppressive microenvironment to be immunostimulatory by recruiting leukocytes, stimulating type I interferon signaling, decreasing tumor-associated (CD206+) macrophages, increasing tumoricidal (iNOS+) macrophages, and activating cytotoxic T cells through macrophage-secreted interleukin 12 (IL-12) and tumor necrosis factor  (TNF). Both macrophages and T cells were critical for the anti-metastatic effects of MPLA+IFN{gamma}. MPLA and IFN{gamma} are already used individually in clinical practice, so our strategy to engage the anti-tumor immune response, which requires no knowledge of unique tumor antigens, may be ready for near-future clinical testing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kees, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almeida, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, X.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spector, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McNeish, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gimotty, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>EGEBLAD, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.13.200477</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Activating a collaborative innate-adaptive immune response to control breast and ovarian cancer metastasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.14.201475v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MAVE-NN: Quantitative Modeling of Genotype-Phenotype Maps as Information Bottlenecks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.14.201475v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multiplex assays of variant effect (MAVEs) are a family of methods that includes deep mutational scanning (DMS) experiments on proteins and massively parallel reporter assays (MPRAs) on gene regulatory sequences. However, a general strategy for inferring quantitative models of genotype-phenotype (G-P) maps from MAVE data is lacking. Here we introduce MAVE-NN, a neural-network-based Python package that implements a broadly applicable information-theoretic framework for learning G-P maps--including biophysically interpretable models--from MAVE datasets. We demonstrate MAVE-NN in multiple biological contexts, and highlight the ability of our approach to deconvolve mutational effects from otherwise confounding experimental nonlinearities and noise.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tareen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ireland, W. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Posfai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCandlish, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinney, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.14.201475</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MAVE-NN: Quantitative Modeling of Genotype-Phenotype Maps as Information Bottlenecks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.17.197640v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A correspondence between normalization strategies in artificial and biological neural networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.17.197640v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A fundamental challenge at the interface of machine learning and neuroscience is to uncover computational principles that are shared between artificial and biological neural networks. In deep learning, normalization methods, such as batch normalization, weight normalization, and their many variants, help to stabilize hidden unit activity and accelerate network training, and these methods have been called one of the most important recent innovations for optimizing deep networks. In the brain, homeostatic plasticity represents a set of mechanisms that also stabilize and normalize network activity to lie within certain ranges, and these mechanisms are critical for maintaining normal brain function. In this survey, we discuss parallels between artificial and biological normalization methods at four spatial scales: normalization of a single neurons activity, normalization of synaptic weights of a neuron, normalization of a layer of neurons, and normalization of a network of neurons. We argue that both types of methods are functionally equivalent -- i.e., they both push activation patterns of hidden units towards a homeostatic state, where all neurons are equally used -- and that such representations can increase coding capacity, discrimination, and regularization. As a proof of concept, we develop a neural normalization algorithm, inspired by a phenomena called synaptic scaling, and show that this algorithm performs competitively against existing normalization methods on several datasets. Overall, we hope this connection will inspire machine learners in three ways: to uncover new normalization algorithms based on established neurobiological principles; to help quantify the trade-offs of different homeostatic plasticity mechanisms used in the brain; and to offer insights about how stability may not hinder, but may actually promote, plasticity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navlakha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.17.197640</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A correspondence between normalization strategies in artificial and biological neural networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.05.237651v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Camostat mesylate inhibits SARS-CoV-2 activation by TMPRSS2-related proteases and its metabolite GBPA exerts antiviral activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.05.237651v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Antiviral therapy is urgently needed to combat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The protease inhibitor camostat mesylate inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection of lung cells by blocking the virus-activating host cell protease TMPRSS2. Camostat mesylate has been approved for treatment of pancreatitis in Japan and is currently being repurposed for COVID-19 treatment. However, potential mechanisms of viral resistance as well as camostat mesylate metabolization and antiviral activity of metabolites are unclear. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 can employ TMPRSS2-related host cell proteases for activation and that several of them are expressed in viral target cells. However, entry mediated by these proteases was blocked by camostat mesylate. The camostat metabolite GBPA inhibited the activity of recombinant TMPRSS2 with reduced efficiency as compared to camostat mesylate and was rapidly generated in the presence of serum. Importantly, the infection experiments in which camostat mesylate was identified as a SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor involved preincubation of target cells with camostat mesylate in the presence of serum for 2 h and thus allowed conversion of camostat mesylate into GBPA. Indeed, when the antiviral activities of GBPA and camostat mesylate were compared in this setting, no major differences were identified. Our results indicate that use of TMPRSS2-related proteases for entry into target cells will not render SARS-CoV-2 camostat mesylate resistant. Moreover, the present and previous findings suggest that the peak concentrations of GBPA established after the clinically approved camostat mesylate dose (600 mg/day) will result in antiviral activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hoffmann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofmann-Winkler, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krueger, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorensen, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sogaard, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasselstrom, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winkler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hempel, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raich, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olsson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamazoe, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamatsuta, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mizuno, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ludwig, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noe, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheltzer, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kjolby, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poehlmann, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.05.237651</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Camostat mesylate inhibits SARS-CoV-2 activation by TMPRSS2-related proteases and its metabolite GBPA exerts antiviral activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.06.240358v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The human Origin Recognition Complex is essential for pre-RC assembly, mitosis and maintenance of nuclear structure. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.06.240358v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Origin Recognition Complex (ORC) cooperates with CDC6, MCM2-7, and CDT1 to form pre- RC complexes at origins of DNA replication. Here we report tiling-sgRNA CRISPR screens that show that each subunit of ORC and CDC6 are essential in human cells. Using an auxin-inducible degradation system, stable cell lines were created that ablate ORC2 rapidly, revealing multiple cell division cycle phenotypes. The primary defect in the absence of ORC2 was cells encountering difficulty in initiating DNA replication or progressing through the cell division cycle due to reduced MCM2-7 loading onto chromatin in G1 phase. The nuclei of ORC2 deficient cells were also large, with decompacted heterochromatin. Some ORC2 deficient cells that completed DNA replication entered into, but never exited mitosis. ORC1 knockout cells also demonstrated extremely slow cell proliferation and abnormal cell and nuclear morphology. Thus, ORC proteins and CDC6 are indispensable for normal cellular proliferation and contribute to nuclear organization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chou, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhalla, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demerdesh, O. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klingbeil, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanington, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aganezov, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrews, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alsudani, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vakoc, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schatz, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCombie, W. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stillman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.06.240358</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The human Origin Recognition Complex is essential for pre-RC assembly, mitosis and maintenance of nuclear structure.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.06.240390v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SVCollector: Optimized sample selection for cost-efficient long-read population sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.06.240390v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
An increasingly important scenario in population genetics is when a large cohort has been genotyped using a low-resolution approach (e.g. microarrays, exome capture, short-read WGS), from which a few individuals are selected for resequencing using a more comprehensive approach, especially long-read sequencing. The subset of individuals selected should ensure that the captured genetic diversity is fully representative and includes variants across all subpopulations. For example, human variation has historically been focused on individuals with European ancestry, but this represents a small fraction of the overall diversity.

To address this goal, SVCollector (https://github.com/fritzsedlazeck/SVCollector) identifies the optimal subset of individuals for resequencing. SVCollector analyzes a population-level VCF file from a low resolution genotyping study. It then computes a ranked list of samples that maximizes the total number of variants present from a subset of a given size. To solve this optimization problem, SVCollector implements a fast greedy heuristic and an exact algorithm using integer linear programming. We apply SVCollector on simulated data, 2504 human genomes from the 1000 Genomes Project, and 3024 genomes from the 3K Rice Genomes Project and show the rankings it computes are more representative than widely used naive strategies. Notably, we show that when selecting an optimal subset of 100 samples in these two cohorts, SV-Collector identifies individuals from every subpopulation while naive methods yield an unbalanced selection. Finally, we show the number of variants present in cohorts of different sizes selected using this approach follows a power-law distribution that is naturally related to the population genetic concept of the allele frequency spectrum, allowing us to estimate the diversity present with increasing numbers of samples.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ranallo-Benavidez, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemmon, Z. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soyk, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aganezov, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salerno, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCoy, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lippman, Z. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schatz, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sedlazeck, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.06.240390</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SVCollector: Optimized sample selection for cost-efficient long-read population sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.11.245944v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Estimation of autocorrelation timescales with Approximate Bayesian Computations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.11.245944v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Timescales characterize the pace of change for many dynamic processes in nature. Timescales are usually estimated by fitting the exponential decay of data autocorrelation in the time or frequency domain. We show that this standard procedure often fails to recover the correct timescales due to a statistical bias arising from the finite sample size. We develop an alternative approach to estimating timescales by fitting the sample autocorrelation or power spectrum with a generative model based on a mixture of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes using adaptive Approximate Bayesian Computations. Our method accounts for finite sample size and noise in data and returns a posterior distribution of timescales that quantifies the estimation uncertainty and can be used for model selection. We demonstrate the accuracy of our method on synthetic data and illustrate its application to recordings from the primate cortex. We provide a customizable Python package implementing our framework with different generative models suitable for diverse applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zeraati, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engel, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levina, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.11.245944</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Estimation of autocorrelation timescales with Approximate Bayesian Computations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.11.246769v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Asterix/Gtsf1 links tRNAs and piRNA silencing of retrotransposons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.11.246769v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The piRNA pathway safeguards genomic integrity by silencing transposable elements in the germline. While Piwi is the central piRNA factor, others including Asterix/Gtsf1 have also been demonstrated to be critical for effective silencing. Here, using eCLIP with a custom informatic pipeline, we show that Asterix/Gtsf1 specifically binds tRNAs in cellular contexts. We determined the structure of mouse Gtsf1 by NMR spectroscopy and identified the RNA binding interface on the proteins first zinc finger, which was corroborated by biochemical analysis as well as cryo-EM structures of Gtsf1 in complex with co-purifying tRNA. We further show that LTR retrotransposons are preferentially de-repressed in Asterix mutants. Given the role of tRNAs as LTR retrotransposon primers, our work implicates Asterix/Gtsf1 as exploiting tRNA dependence to identify transposon transcripts and promote piRNA silencing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ipsaro, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Brien, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharya, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshua-Tor, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.11.246769</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Asterix/Gtsf1 links tRNAs and piRNA silencing of retrotransposons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.13.250019v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The dynamic nature of the human Origin Recognition Complex revealed through five cryoEM structures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.13.250019v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome replication is initiated from specific origin sites established by dynamic events. The Origin Recognition Complex (ORC) is necessary for orchestrating the initiation process by binding to origin DNA, recruiting CDC6, and assembling the MCM replicative helicase on DNA. Here we report five cryoEM structures of the human ORC (HsORC) that illustrate the native flexibility of the complex. The absence of ORC1 revealed a compact, stable complex of ORC2-5. Introduction of ORC1 opens the complex into several dynamic conformations. Two structures revealed dynamic movements of the ORC1 AAA+ and ORC2 winged-helix domains that likely impact DNA incorporation into the ORC core. Additional twist and pinch motions were observed in an open ORC conformation revealing a hinge at the ORC5{middle dot}3 interface that may facilitate ORC binding to DNA. Finally, a structure of ORC was determined with endogenous DNA bound in the core revealing important differences between human and yeast origin recognition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jaremko, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>On, K. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stillman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshua-Tor, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.13.250019</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The dynamic nature of the human Origin Recognition Complex revealed through five cryoEM structures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.17.253666v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BARcode DEmixing through Non-negative Spatial Regression (BarDensr) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.17.253666v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Modern spatial transcriptomics methods can target thousands of different types of RNA transcripts in a single slice of tissue. Many biological applications demand a high spatial density of transcripts relative to the imaging resolution, leading to partial mixing of transcript rolonies in many voxels; unfortunately, current analysis methods do not perform robustly in this highly-mixed setting. Here we develop a new analysis approach, BARcode DEmixing through Non-negative Spatial Regression (BarDensr): we start with a generative model of the physical process that leads to the observed image data and then apply sparse convex optimization methods to estimate the underlying (demixed) rolony densities. We apply Bar-Densr to simulated and real data and find that it achieves state of the art signal recovery, particularly in densely-labeled regions or data with low spatial resolution. Finally, BarDensr is fast and parallelizable. We provide open-source code as well as an implementation for the  NeuroCAAS cloud platform.

Author SummarySpatial transcriptomics technologies allow us to simultaneously detect multiple molecular targets in the context of intact tissues. These experiments yield images that answer two questions: which kinds of molecules are present, and where are they located in the tissue? In many experiments (e.g., mapping RNA expression in fine neuronal processes), it is desirable to increase the signal density relative to the imaging resolution. This may lead to mixing of signals from multiple RNA molecules into single imaging voxels; thus we need to demix the signals from these images. Here we introduce BarDensr, a new computational method to perform this demixing. The method is based on a forward model of the imaging process, followed by a convex optimization approach to approximately  invert mixing induced during imaging. This new approach leads to significantly improved performance in demixing imaging data with dense expression and/or low spatial resolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loper, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zador, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paninski, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.17.253666</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BARcode DEmixing through Non-negative Spatial Regression (BarDensr)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.17.254797v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Super-resolution light-sheet fluorescence microscopy by SOFI. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.17.254797v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Here we describe a new method, named LS-SOFI, that combines light-sheet fluorescence microscopy and super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging to achieve fast nanoscale-resolution imaging over large fields of view in native 3D tissues. We demonstrate the use of LS-SOFI in super-resolution analysis of neuronal structures and synaptic proteins, including cortical axons, dendritic spines, pre- and postsynaptic cytoskeletal proteins and postsynaptic AMPA receptors, in thick mouse brain sections. We also introduce an algorithm to determine the number of active fluorophore emitters detected, allowing the localization of individual molecules in LS-SOFI images. We conclude that LS-SOFI is a versatile method for fast super-resolution imaging from any tissue of the body using both commercial and custom LSFM instruments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mizrachi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narasimhan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drewes, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palaniswamy, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osten, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.17.254797</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Super-resolution light-sheet fluorescence microscopy by SOFI.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.25.266460v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrating barcoded neuroanatomy with spatial transcriptional profiling reveals cadherin correlates of projections shared across the cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.25.266460v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Functional circuits consist of neurons with diverse axonal projections and gene expression. Understanding the molecular signature of projections requires high-throughput interrogation of both gene expression and projections to multiple targets in the same cells at cellular resolution, which is difficult to achieve using current technology. Here, we introduce BARseq2, a technique that simultaneously maps projections and detects multiplexed gene expression by in situ sequencing. We determined the expression of cadherins and cell-type markers in 29,933 cells, and the projections of 3,164 cells in both the mouse motor cortex and auditory cortex. Associating gene expression and projections in 1,349 neurons revealed shared cadherin signatures of homologous projections across the two cortical areas. These cadherins were enriched across multiple branches of the transcriptomic taxonomy. By correlating multi-gene expression and projections to many targets in single neurons with high throughput, BARseq2 provides a path to uncovering the molecular logic underlying neuronal circuits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zador, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.25.266460</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrating barcoded neuroanatomy with spatial transcriptional profiling reveals cadherin correlates of projections shared across the cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.26.268342v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gene disruption by structural mutations drives selection in US rice breeding over the last century 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.26.268342v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The genetic basis of general plant vigor is of major interest to food producers, yet the trait is recalcitrant to genetic mapping because of the number of loci involved, their small effects, and linkage. Observations of heterosis in many crops suggests that recessive, malfunctioning versions of genes are a major cause of poor performance, yet we have little information on the mutational spectrum underlying these disruptions. To address this question, we generated a long-read assembly of a tropical japonica rice (Oryza sativa) variety, Carolina Gold, which allowed us to identify structural mutations (>50 bp) and orient them with respect to their ancestral state using the outgroup, Oryza glaberrima. Supporting prior work, we find substantial genome expansion is the sativa branch. While transposable elements (TEs) account for the largest share of size variation, the majority of events are not directly TE-mediated. Tandem duplications are the most common source of insertions and are highly enriched among 50-200bp mutations. To explore the relative impact of various mutational classes on crop fitness, we then track these structural events over the last century of US rice improvement using 101 resequenced varieties. Within this material, a pattern of temporary hybridization between medium and long-grain varieties was followed by recent divergence. During this long-term selection, structural mutations that impact gene exons have been removed at a greater rate than intronic indels and single-nucleotide mutations. These results support the use of ab initio estimates of mutational burden, based on structural data, as an orthogonal predictor in genomic selection.

Significance StatementSome crop varieties have superior performance across years and environments. In hybrids, harmful mutations in one parent are masked by the ancestral alleles in the other parent, resulting in increased vigor. Unfortunately, these mutations are very difficult to identify precisely because, individually, they only have a small effect. In this study, we use long-read sequencing to characterize the entire mutational spectrum between two rice varieties. We then track these mutations through the last century of rice breeding. We show that large structural mutations in exons are selected against at a greater rate than any other mutational class. These findings illuminate the nature of deleterious alleles and will guide attempts to predict variety vigor based solely on genomic information.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vaughn, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korani, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterson, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Youngblood, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grimwood, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ware, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McClung, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheffler, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.26.268342</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gene disruption by structural mutations drives selection in US rice breeding over the last century]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.01.278127v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An Epigenetic Priming Mechanism Mediated by Nutrient Sensing Regulates Transcriptional Output 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.01.278127v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While precise tuning of gene expression levels is critical for most developmental pathways, the mechanisms by which the transcriptional output of dosage-sensitive molecules is established or modulated by the environment remain poorly understood. Here, we provide a mechanistic framework for how the conserved transcription factor BLMP-1/Blimp1 operates as a pioneer factor to decompact chromatin near its target loci hours before transcriptional activation and by doing so, regulates both the duration and amplitude of subsequent target gene transcription. This priming mechanism is genetically separable from the mechanisms that establish the timing of transcriptional induction and functions to canalize aspects of cell-fate specification, animal size regulation, and molting. A key feature of the BLMP-1-dependent transcriptional priming mechanism is that chromatin decompaction is initially established during embryogenesis and maintained throughout larval development by nutrient sensing. This anticipatory mechanism integrates transcriptional output with environmental conditions and is essential for resuming normal temporal patterning after animals exit nutrient-mediated developmental arrests.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stec, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doerfel, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hills-Muckey, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ettorre, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ercan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keil, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.01.278127</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An Epigenetic Priming Mechanism Mediated by Nutrient Sensing Regulates Transcriptional Output]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.01.278580v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ASO-based PKM Splice-switching Therapy Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Growth 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.01.278580v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The M2 pyruvate kinase (PKM2) isoform is upregulated in most cancers and plays a crucial role in the Warburg effect, which is characterized by the preference for aerobic glycolysis for energy metabolism. PKM2 is an alternative-splice isoform of the PKM gene and is a potential therapeutic target. Previously, we developed antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) that switch PKM splicing from the cancer-associated PKM2 to the PKM1 isoform and induce apoptosis in cultured glioblastoma cells. Here, we explore the potential of ASO-based PKM splice-switching as a targeted therapy for liver cancer. We utilize a more potent lead cEt/DNA ASO and demonstrate that it induces PKM splice-switching and inhibits the growth of cultured hepatocellular-carcinoma (HCC) cells. This PKM isoform switch increases pyruvate-kinase activity and alters glucose metabolism. The lead ASO and a second ASO targeting a non-overlapping site inhibit tumorigenesis in an orthotopic-xenograft HCC mouse model. Finally, a surrogate mouse-specific ASO induces Pkm splice-switching and inhibits HCC growth, without observable toxicity, in a genetic HCC mouse model. These results lay the groundwork for a potential ASO therapy for HCC.

Statement of significanceAntisense oligonucleotides are used to force a change in PKM isoform usage in HCC, reversing the Warburg effect and inhibiting tumorigenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ma, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scharner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costa, A. S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeong, H. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rigo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, F. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krainer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.01.278580</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ASO-based PKM Splice-switching Therapy Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Growth]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.02.279893v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Influence of On-Off dynamics and selective attention on the spatial pattern of correlated variability in neocortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.02.279893v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Correlated activity fluctuations in neocortex influence sensory responses and behavior. Neural correlations reflect anatomical connectivity and change dynamically with cognitive states, such as attention. Yet, how anatomical connectivity and cognitive states define the population structure of correlations is not known. We measured correlations in single cortical columns and found that the magnitude of correlations, their attentional modulation and dependence on lateral distance are predicted by On-Off dynamics, synchronous fluctuations in population activity across cortical layers. We developed a network model, in which spatial connectivity correlates the On-Off dynamics across nearby columns. We show that attentional inputs modulate the spatial extent of On-Off dynamics, resulting in spatially non-uniform changes in correlations. We confirm this prediction in our columnar recordings by showing that attentional modulation of correlations depends on lateral distance. Our results reveal how heterogeneous spatial patterns of correlations arise from the connectivity and network dynamics during attention.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shi, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinmetz, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boahen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engel, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.02.279893</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Influence of On-Off dynamics and selective attention on the spatial pattern of correlated variability in neocortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.02.280578v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Combining Natural Language Processing and Metabarcoding to Reveal Pathogen-Environment Associations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.02.280578v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cryptococcus neoformans is responsible for life-threatening infections that primarily affect immunocompromised individuals and has an estimated worldwide burden of 220,000 new cases each year--with 180,000 resulting deaths--mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. Surprisingly, little is known about the ecological niches occupied by C. neoformans in nature. To expand our understanding of the distribution and ecological associations of this pathogen we implement a Natural Language Processing approach to better describe the niche of C. neoformans. We use a Latent Dirichlet Allocation model to de novo topic model sets of metagenetic research articles written about varied subjects which either explicitly mention, inadvertently find, or fail to find C. neoformans. These articles are all linked to NCBI Sequence Read Archive datasets of 18S ribosomal RNA and/or Internal Transcribed Spacer gene-regions. The number of topics was determined based on the model coherence score, and articles were assigned to the created topics via a Machine Learning approach with a Random Forest algorithm. Our analysis provides support for a previously suggested linkage between C. neoformans and soils associated with decomposing wood. Our approach, using a search of single-locus metagenetic data, gathering papers connected to the datasets, de novo determination of topics, the number of topics, and assignment of articles to the topics, illustrates how such an analysis pipeline can harness large-scale datasets that are published/available but not necessarily fully analyzed, or whose metadata is not harmonized with other studies. Our approach can be applied to a variety of systems to assert potential evidence of environmental associations.

Author SummaryOur finding that C. neoformans is associated with decomposing wood is reinforced by the general literature on C. neoformans and its close congeneric relatives and warrants further investigation. This work demonstrates the potential utility of pairing Natural Language Processing (NLP) with single-locus metagenetic data for the study of Neglected Tropical Diseases. We present a novel method to study the ecological niches of rare pathogens that leverages the immense amount of data available to researchers in the NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA)combined with a text-mining analysis based on Natural Language Processing. We demonstrate that text processing, noun identification, and verb identification can play an important role in analyzing a large corpus of documents together with metagenetic data. Forging this connection requires access to all of the available ecological 18S ribosomal RNA and Internal Transcribed Spacer NCBI SRA datasets. These datasets use metabarcoding to query taxonomic diversity in eukaryotic organisms, and in the case of the Internal Transcribed Spacer, they specifically target Fungi. The presence of specific species is inferred when diagnostic 18S or ITS gene region sequences are found in the SRA data. We searched for C. neoformans in all 18S and ITS datasets available and gathered all associated journal articles that either cite the SRA data accessions or are cited in the SRA data accessions.

Published metagenetic data often have associated metadata including: latitude and longitude, temperature, and other physical characteristics describing the conditions in which the metagenetic sample was collected. These metadata are not always be presented in consistent formats, so harmonizing study methods may be needed to appropriately compare metagenetic data as commonly required in metanalysis studies. We present an analysis which takes as input articles associated with SRA datasets that were found to contain evidence of C. neoformans. We apply NLP methods to this corpus of articles to describe the niche of C. neoformans. Our results reinforce the current understanding of C. neoformanss niche, indicating the pertinence of employing a NLP analysis to identify the niche of an organism. This approach could further the description of virtually any other organism that routinely appears in metagenetic surveys, especially pathogens, whose ecological niches are unknown or poorly understood.

Optional Striking Image

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=150 SRC="FIGDIR/small/280578v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (66K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@135ce50org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@17bf52borg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@11cf682org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@7be6ea_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG Cryptococcus neoformans cells budding. Image Provided Courtesy of Felipe H. Santiago-Tirado, colored by Kristina Davis, CC-BY 4.0
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Molik, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomlinson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davitt, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morgan, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roche, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyers, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfrender, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.02.280578</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Combining Natural Language Processing and Metabarcoding to Reveal Pathogen-Environment Associations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.05.284174v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dietary suppression of MHC-II expression in intestinal stem cells enhances intestinal tumorigenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.05.284174v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Little is known about how interactions between diet, immune recognition, and intestinal stem cells (ISCs) impact the early steps of intestinal tumorigenesis. Here, we show that a high fat diet (HFD) reduces the expression of the major histocompatibility complex II (MHC-II) genes in ISCs. This decline in ISC MHC-II expression in a HFD correlates with an altered intestinal microbiome composition and is recapitulated in antibiotic treated and germ-free mice on a control diet. Mechanistically, pattern recognition receptor and IFNg signaling regulate MHC-II expression in ISCs. Although MHC-II expression on ISCs is dispensable for stem cell function in organoid cultures in vitro, upon loss of the tumor suppressor gene Apc in a HFD, MHC-II- ISCs harbor greater in vivo tumor-initiating capacity than their MHC-II+ counterparts, thus implicating a role for epithelial MHC-II in suppressing tumorigenesis. Finally, ISC-specific genetic ablation of MHC-II in engineered Apc-mediated intestinal tumor models increases tumor burden in a cell autonomous manner. These findings highlight how a HFD alters the immune recognition properties of ISCs through the regulation of MHC-II expression in a manner that could contribute to intestinal tumorigenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Beyaz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roper, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xifaras, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bauer-Rowe, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ergin, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dohnalova, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biton, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shekar, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eskiocak, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozata, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papciak, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almeqdadi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fein, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erdemir, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valle-Encinas, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dogum, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garipcan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fox, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elinav, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kucukural, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McAleer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thaiss, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Regev, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orkin, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yilmaz, O. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.05.284174</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dietary suppression of MHC-II expression in intestinal stem cells enhances intestinal tumorigenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.08.288068v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Global Importance Analysis: A Method to QuantifyImportance of Genomic Features in Deep NeuralNetworks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.08.288068v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Deep neural networks have demonstrated improved performance at predicting the sequence specificities of DNA- and RNA-binding proteins compared to previous methods that rely on k-mers and position weight matrices. To gain insights into why a DNN makes a given prediction, model interpretability methods, such as attribution methods, can be employed to identify motif-like representations along a given sequence. Because explanations are given on an individual sequence basis and can vary substantially across sequences, deducing generalizable trends across the dataset and quantifying their effect size remains a challenge. Here we introduce global importance analysis (GIA), a model interpretability method that quantifies the population-level effect size that putative patterns have on model predictions. GIA provides an avenue to quantitatively test hypotheses of putative patterns and their interactions with other patterns, as well as map out specific functions the network has learned. As a case study, we demonstrate the utility of GIA on the computational task of predicting RNA-protein interactions from sequence. We first introduce a convolutional network, we call ResidualBind, and benchmark its performance against previous methods on RNAcompete data. Using GIA, we then demonstrate that in addition to sequence motifs, ResidualBind learns a model that considers the number of motifs, their spacing, and sequence context, such as RNA secondary structure and GC-bias.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Koo, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ploenzke, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anand, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Majdandzic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.08.288068</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Global Importance Analysis: A Method to QuantifyImportance of Genomic Features in Deep NeuralNetworks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.09.289611v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromosome-level Genome Assembly of a Regenerable Maize Inbred Line A188 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.09.289611v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The highly embryogenic and transformable maize inbred line A188 is an attractive model for analyzing maize gene function. Here we constructed a chromosome-level genome assembly of A188 using long reads and optical maps. Genome comparison of A188 with the reference line B73 identified pervasive structural variation, including a 1.8 Mb duplication on the Gametophyte factor1 locus for unilateral cross-incompatibility and six inversions of 0.7 Mb or greater. Increased copy number of the gene, carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 1 (ccd1) in A188 is associated with elevated expression during seed development. High ccd1 expression together with low expression of yellow endosperm 1 (y1) condition reduced carotenoid accumulation, which accounts for the white seed phenotype of A188 that contrasts with the yellow seed of B73 that has high expression of y1 and low expression of the single-copy ccd1. Further, transcriptome and epigenome analyses with the A188 reference genome revealed enhanced expression of defense pathways and altered DNA methylation patterns of embryonic callus.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koo, D.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamang, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McFarland, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCarty, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, M.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaeppler, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaeppler, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Springer, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schnable, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, F. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.09.289611</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromosome-level Genome Assembly of a Regenerable Maize Inbred Line A188]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.09.290502v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unraveling molecular mechanisms of immunity and cancer-resistance using the genomes of the Neotropical bats Artibeus jamaicensis and Pteronotus mesoamericanus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.09.290502v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bats are exceptional among mammals for their powered flight, extended lifespans, and robust immune systems. To investigate the genomic underpinnings of unique bat adaptations, we sequenced the genomes of the Jamaican fruit bat (Artibeus jamaicensis) and the Mesoamerican mustached bat (Pteronotus mesoamericanus) and compared them to a diverse collection of 13 additional bat species together with other mammals. We used the Oxford Nanopore Technologies long-read platform to generate highly complete assemblies (N50: 28-29Mb) and facilitate analysis of complex genomic regions containing duplicated genes. Using gene family size analysis, we found that the type I interferon locus was contracted by eight genes in the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of bats, shifting the proportion of interferon-{omega} to interferon- and making interferon-{omega} the most common type I interferon in bats. Antiviral genes stimulated by type I interferons were also rapidly evolving, with interferon-induced transmembrane genes experiencing a lineage-specific duplication and strong positive selection in the gene IFIT2. Moreover, the lineage of phyllostomid bats showed an unprecedented expansion of PRDM9, a recombination-related gene also involved in infection responses, raising the possibility that this gene contributes to bat antiviral defenses. These modifications in the bat innate immune system may be important adaptations allowing them to harbor viruses asymptomatically. We additionally found evidence of positive selection on the branch leading to the MRCA of bats acting on 33 tumor suppressors and six DNA repair genes, which may contribute to the low cancer rates and longevity observed across bats. These new genomic resources enable insights into the extraordinary adaptations of bats, with implications for mammalian evolutionary studies and public health.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scheben, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendivil Ramos, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kramer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodwin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oppenheim, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becker, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schatz, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simmons, N. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siepel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCombie, W. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.09.290502</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unraveling molecular mechanisms of immunity and cancer-resistance using the genomes of the Neotropical bats Artibeus jamaicensis and Pteronotus mesoamericanus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.10.292193v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DETECTION OF INCIPIENT PANCREATIC CANCER WITH NOVEL TUMOR-SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES IN MOUSE MODELS 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.10.292193v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal malignancy, as 90% of patients do not survive beyond five years from diagnosis. This dismal prognosis is largely due to the advanced stage of the disease at diagnosis, which precludes potentially curative surgical resection. Although early detection strategies hold significant promise for improving patient outcomes, there is still no accurate diagnostic tool to detect incipient PDAC. Here, we sought to develop antibodies for the early detection of PDAC by positron-emission tomography (PET) imaging. Accordingly, we establish a pipeline to generate novel tumor-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against cell-surface proteins of PDAC patient-derived organoids (PDOs). We identify a panel of 16 tumor organoid-binding antibodies (TOBi-bodies) that display high reactivity to human PDAC tissues but not to matched adjacent normal pancreas. We then employ biochemical, flow cytometric, mass spectrometric, and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout methods to determine the cognate antigens of these TOBi-bodies. We identify two mAbs that bind to tumor-specific variants of the surface protein CEACAM6 and show minimal binding to normal tissues. PET imaging in mouse models using these TOBi-bodies enables the detection of incipient human organoid-derived PDAC tumors that are rather undetectable by palpation or high-resolution ultrasound imaging techniques. We propose that further development of these mAbs as PET radiotracers could facilitate the early detection and accurate staging of PDAC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Oni, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bautista, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merrill, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goos, J. A. C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivera, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miyabayashi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biffi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plenker, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elyada, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samaritano, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappin, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goggins, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hruban, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuveson, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.10.292193</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DETECTION OF INCIPIENT PANCREATIC CANCER WITH NOVEL TUMOR-SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES IN MOUSE MODELS]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.14.295394v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Oncogenic KRAS engages an RSK1/NF1 complex in pancreatic cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.14.295394v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal malignancy with limited treatment options. Although activating mutations of the KRAS GTPase are the predominant dependency present in >90% of PDAC patients, targeting KRAS mutants directly has been challenging in PDAC.

Similarly, strategies targeting known KRAS downstream effectors have had limited clinical success due to feedback mechanisms, alternate pathways and toxicity due to the targeting of normal tissues. Therefore, identifying additional functionally relevant KRAS interactions in PDAC may allow for a better understanding of feedback mechanisms and unveil new potential therapeutic targets. Here, we used proximity labelling to identify protein interactors of active KRAS in PDAC cells. Fusions of wildtype (BirA-KRAS4B), mutant (BirA-KRAS4BG12D) and non-transforming and cytosolic double mutant (BirA-KRAS4BG12D/C185S) KRAS with the BirA biotin ligase were expressed in murine PDAC cells. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that RSK1 was enriched among proteins that selectively interacted with membrane-bound KRASG12D. RSK1 required the NF1 and SPRED proteins to interact with KRAS-GTP at the membrane. In both murine and human PDAC lines, membrane-targeted RSK1 was tolerated but inhibited cell proliferation following oncogenic KRAS abrogation to reveal a negative feedback role for membrane-localized RSK1 on wild-type KRAS. Inhibition of the wild-type KRAS, which has been previously proposed to suppress KRAS oncogenesis, may partially explain how RSK1 has been identified as a dependency in some KRAS mutant cells and may provide an additional function for NF1 in tumorigenesis.

Significance StatementFor decades, KRAS interactors have been sought after as potential therapeutic targets in KRAS mutant cancers, especially pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Our proximity labeling screen with KRAS in PDAC cells highlight RSK1 as a notable mutant-specific interactor. Functionally, we show that RSK1 mediates negative feedback on wild-type KRAS in PDAC cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cheng, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oni, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thalappillil, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ting, H.-c.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prasad, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alagesan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivera, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappin, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Aelst, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuveson, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.14.295394</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Oncogenic KRAS engages an RSK1/NF1 complex in pancreatic cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.25.314229v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromosomal instability accelerates the evolution of resistance to anti-cancer therapies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.25.314229v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aneuploidy is a ubiquitous feature of human tumors, but the acquisition of aneuploidy is typically detrimental to cellular fitness. To investigate how aneuploidy could contribute to tumor growth, we triggered periods of chromosomal instability (CIN) in human cells and then exposed them to a variety of different culture environments. While chromosomal instability was universally detrimental under normal growth conditions, we discovered that transient CIN reproducibly accelerated the ability of cells to adapt and thrive in the presence of anti-cancer therapeutic agents. Single-cell sequencing revealed that these drug-resistant populations recurrently developed specific whole-chromosome gains and losses. We independently derived one aneuploidy that was frequently recovered in cells exposed to paclitaxel, and we found that this chromosome loss event was sufficient to decrease paclitaxel sensitivity. Finally, we demonstrated that intrinsic levels of CIN correlate with poor responses to a variety of systemic therapies in a collection of patient-derived xenografts. In total, our results show that while chromosomal instability generally antagonizes cell fitness, it also provides phenotypic plasticity to cancer cells that can allow them to adapt to diverse stressful environments. Moreover, our findings suggest that aneuploidy may function as an under-explored cause of therapy failure in human tumors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lukow, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sausville, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suri, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chunduri, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kendall, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Storchova, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheltzer, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.25.314229</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromosomal instability accelerates the evolution of resistance to anti-cancer therapies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.28.317248v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A non-canonical feedforward pathway for computing odor identity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.28.317248v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Elucidating neural circuits that enable robust odor identification remains a fundamental challenge in olfaction. The current leading model states that odor identity is computed within the piriform cortex (PC), drawing from mitral cell input from the olfactory bulb. Here we find that tufted cells, the other principal cell-type of the bulb, which strongly innervate the anterior olfactory nucleus (AON) instead, substantially outperform mitral cells in decoding both odor identity and intensity, acting in a largely feedforward fashion. Cortical feedback from PC specifically restructures mitral cell responses, while feedback from AON preferentially controls the gain of tufted cell odor representations, matching biases in feedforward connectivity. Leveraging cell-type specific analyses, we identify a non-canonical feedforward pathway for odor recognition and discrimination mediated by the tufted cells, and propose that bulb target areas, other than the piriform cortex, such as AON and olfactory striatum, are well-positioned to compute odor identity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chae, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albeanu, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.28.317248</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A non-canonical feedforward pathway for computing odor identity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.02.322479v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Two independent approaches converge to the cloning of a new Leptosphaeria maculans avirulence effector gene, AvrLmS-Lep2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.02.322479v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Leptosphaeria maculans, the causal agent of blackleg disease, interacts with Brassica napus (oilseed rape, canola) in a gene-for-gene manner. The avirulence genes AvrLmS and AvrLep2 were described to be perceived by the resistance genes RlmS and LepR2, respectively, present in the cultivar Surpass 400. Here we report cloning of AvrLmS and AvrLep2 using two independent methods. AvrLmS was cloned using combined in vitro crossing between avirulent and virulent isolates with sequencing of DNA bulks from avirulent or virulent progeny (Bulked-Segregant-Sequencing) to rapidly identify one candidate avirulence gene present in the effector repertoire of L. maculans. AvrLep2 was cloned using a bi-parental cross of avirulent and virulent L. maculans isolates and a classical map-based cloning approach. Taking these two approaches independently, we found that AvrLmS and AvrLep2 are the same gene. Complementation of virulent isolates with this gene confirmed its role in inducing resistance on Surpass 400 and Topas-LepR2. The gene renamed AvrLmS-Lep2 encodes for a small cysteine-rich protein of unknown function with an N-terminal secretory signal peptide, which are common features of the majority of effectors from extracellular fungal plant pathogens. The AvrLmS-Lep2 / LepR2 interaction phenotype was found to vary from a typical hypersensitive response to intermediate resistance sometimes at the edge of, or evolving toward, susceptibility depending on the inoculation conditions. AvrLmS-Lep2 was nevertheless sufficient to significantly reduce the stem lesion size on plant genotypes with LepR2, indicating the potential efficiency of this resistance to control the disease in the field.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Neik, T. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghanbarnia, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ollivier, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheben, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Severn-Ellis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larkan, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haddadi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernando, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rouxel, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batley, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borhan, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balesdent, M.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.02.322479</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Two independent approaches converge to the cloning of a new Leptosphaeria maculans avirulence effector gene, AvrLmS-Lep2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.02.323154v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cellular Anatomy of the Mouse Primary Motor Cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.02.323154v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
An essential step toward understanding brain function is to establish a cellular-resolution structural framework upon which multi-scale and multi-modal information spanning molecules, cells, circuits and systems can be integrated and interpreted. Here, through a collaborative effort from the Brain Initiative Cell Census Network (BICCN), we derive a comprehensive cell type-based description of one brain structure - the primary motor cortex upper limb area (MOp-ul) of the mouse. Applying state-of-the-art labeling, imaging, computational, and neuroinformatics tools, we delineated the MOp-ul within the Mouse Brain 3D Common Coordinate Framework (CCF). We defined over two dozen MOp-ul projection neuron (PN) types by their anterograde targets; the spatial distribution of their somata defines 11 cortical sublayers, a significant refinement of the classic notion of cortical laminar organization. We further combine multiple complementary tracing methods (classic tract tracing, cell type-based anterograde, retrograde, and transsynaptic viral tracing, high-throughput BARseq, and complete single cell reconstruction) to systematically chart cell type-based MOp input-output streams. As PNs link distant brain regions at synapses as well as host cellular gene expression, our construction of a PN type resolution MOp-ul wiring diagram will facilitate an integrated analysis of motor control circuitry across the molecular, cellular, and systems levels. This work further provides a roadmap towards a cellular resolution description of mammalian brain architecture.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Munoz-Castaneda, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zingg, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matho, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foster, N. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narasimhan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirokawa, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korobkova, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, Y.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bienkowski, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chon, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wheeler, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Attili, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bludova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cetin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drewes, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Orazi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elowsky, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galbavy, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Groblewski, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gou, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hahn, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatfield, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hintiryan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kondo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lesnar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mizrachi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mok, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nae</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.02.323154</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cellular Anatomy of the Mouse Primary Motor Cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.08.329169v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A fluorescent sensor for spatiotemporally resolved endocannabinoid dynamics in vitro and in vivo 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.08.329169v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Endocannabinoids (eCBs) are retrograde neuromodulators that play an important role in a wide range of physiological processes; however, the release and in vivo dynamics of eCBs remain largely unknown, due in part to a lack of suitable probes capable of detecting eCBs with sufficient spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we developed a new eCB sensor called GRABeCB2.0. This genetically encoded sensor consists of the human CB1 cannabinoid receptor fused to circular-permutated EGFP, providing cell membrane trafficking, second-resolution kinetics, high specificity for eCBs, and a robust fluorescence response at physiological eCB concentrations. Using the GRABeCB2.0 sensor, we monitored evoked changes in eCB dynamics in both cultured neurons and acute brain slices. Interestingly, in cultured neurons we also observed spontaneous compartmental eCB transients that spanned a distance of approximately 11 m, suggesting constrained, localized eCB signaling. Moreover, by expressing GRABeCB2.0 in the mouse brain, we readily observed foot shock-elicited and running-triggered eCB transients in the basolateral amygdala and hippocampus, respectively. Lastly, we used GRABeCB2.0 in a mouse seizure model and observed a spreading wave of eCB release that followed a Ca2+ wave through the hippocampus. Thus, GRABeCB2.0 is a robust new probe for measuring the dynamics of eCB release under both physiological and pathological conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dong, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dudok, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farrell, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liput, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puhl, H. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albarran, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lovinger, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soltesz, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.08.329169</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A fluorescent sensor for spatiotemporally resolved endocannabinoid dynamics in vitro and in vivo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.14.339804v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Empirical variance component regression for sequence-function relationships 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.14.339804v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Contemporary high-throughput mutagenesis experiments are providing an increasingly detailed view of the complex patterns of genetic interaction that occur between multiple mutations within a single protein or regulatory element. By simultaneously measuring the effects of thousands of combinations of mutations, these experiments have revealed that the genotype-phenotype relationship typically reflects genetic interactions not only between pairs of sites, but also higher-order interactions among larger numbers of sites. However, modeling and understanding these higher-order interactions remains challenging. Here, we present a method for reconstructing sequence-to-function mappings from partially observed data that can accommodate all orders of genetic interaction. The main idea is to make predictions for unobserved genotypes that match the type and extent of epistasis found in the observed data. This information on the type and extent of epistasis can be extracted by considering how phenotypic correlations change as a function of mutational distance, which is equivalent to estimating the fraction of phenotypic variance due to each order of genetic interaction (additive, pairwise, three-way, etc.). Using these estimated variance components, we then define an empirical Bayes prior that in expectation matches the observed pattern of epistasis, and reconstruct the genotype-phenotype mapping by conducting Gaussian process regression under this prior. To demonstrate the power of this approach, we present an application to the antibody-binding domain GB1 and also provide a detailed exploration of a dataset consisting of high-throughput measurements for the splicing efficiency of human pre-mRNA 5' splice sites, for which we also validate our model predictions via additional low-throughput experiments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krainer, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinney, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCandlish, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.14.339804</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Empirical variance component regression for sequence-function relationships]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.16.343210v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Replicability of spatial gene expression atlas data from the adult mouse brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.16.343210v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundSpatial gene expression is particularly interesting in the mammalian brain, with the potential to serve as a link between many data types. However, as with any type of expression data, cross-dataset benchmarking of spatial data is a crucial first step. Here, we assess the replicability, with reference to canonical brain sub-divisions, between the Allen Institutes in situ hybridization data from the adult mouse brain (ABA) and a similar dataset collected using Spatial Transcriptomics (ST). With the advent of tractable spatial techniques, for the first time we are able to benchmark the Allen Institutes whole-brain, whole-transcriptome spatial expression dataset with a second independent dataset that similarly spans the whole brain and transcriptome.

ResultsWe use LASSO, linear regression, and correlation-based feature selection in a supervised learning framework to classify expression samples relative to their assayed location. We show that Allen reference atlas labels are classifiable using transcription, but that performance is higher in the ABA than ST. Further, models trained in one dataset and tested in the opposite dataset do not reproduce classification performance bi-directionally. Finally, while an identifying expression profile can be found for a given brain area, it does not generalize to the opposite dataset.

ConclusionsIn general, we found that canonical brain area labels are classifiable in gene expression space within dataset and that our observed performance is not merely reflecting physical distance in the brain. However, we also show that cross-platform classification is not robust. Emerging spatial datasets from the mouse brain will allow further characterization of cross-dataset replicability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ortiz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furth, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meletis, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zador, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.16.343210</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Replicability of spatial gene expression atlas data from the adult mouse brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.19.343129v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A multimodal cell census and atlas of the mammalian primary motor cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.19.343129v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We report the generation of a multimodal cell census and atlas of the mammalian primary motor cortex (MOp or M1) as the initial product of the BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network (BICCN). This was achieved by coordinated large-scale analyses of single-cell transcriptomes, chromatin accessibility, DNA methylomes, spatially resolved single-cell transcriptomes, morphological and electrophysiological properties, and cellular resolution input-output mapping, integrated through cross-modal computational analysis. Together, our results advance the collective knowledge and understanding of brain cell type organization: First, our study reveals a unified molecular genetic landscape of cortical cell types that congruently integrates their transcriptome, open chromatin and DNA methylation maps. Second, cross-species analysis achieves a unified taxonomy of transcriptomic types and their hierarchical organization that are conserved from mouse to marmoset and human. Third, cross-modal analysis provides compelling evidence for the epigenomic, transcriptomic, and gene regulatory basis of neuronal phenotypes such as their physiological and anatomical properties, demonstrating the biological validity and genomic underpinning of neuron types and subtypes. Fourth, in situ single-cell transcriptomics provides a spatially-resolved cell type atlas of the motor cortex. Fifth, integrated transcriptomic, epigenomic and anatomical analyses reveal the correspondence between neural circuits and transcriptomic cell types. We further present an extensive genetic toolset for targeting and fate mapping glutamatergic projection neuron types toward linking their developmental trajectory to their circuit function. Together, our results establish a unified and mechanistic framework of neuronal cell type organization that integrates multi-layered molecular genetic and spatial information with multi-faceted phenotypic properties.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network (BICCN),</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adkins, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aldridge, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ament, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armand, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ascoli, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakken, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bandrowski, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barkas, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartlett, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bateup, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behrens, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berens, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernabucci, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernaerts, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertagnolli, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biancalani, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boggeman, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Booeshaghi, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bravo, H. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cadwell, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Callaway, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Connor, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casper, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castanon, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castro, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chance, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatterjee, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colantuoni, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crabtree, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creasy, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cric</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.19.343129</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A multimodal cell census and atlas of the mammalian primary motor cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.21.349290v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regulation of neural gene expression by estrogen receptor alpha 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.21.349290v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The transcription factor estrogen receptor  (ER) is a principal regulator of sex differences in the vertebrate brain and can modulate mood, behavior, and energy balance in females and males. However, the genes regulated by ER in the brain remain largely unknown. Here we reveal the genomic binding of ER within a sexually dimorphic neural circuit that regulates social behaviors. We profiled gene expression and chromatin accessibility and show ER induces a neurodevelopmental gene program in adulthood. We further demonstrate that ER binds with Nuclear factor I X-type (Nfix) to regulate a male-biased gene expression program that initiates in early life. Our results reveal a neural strategy for ER-mediated gene regulation and provide molecular targets that underlie estrogens effects on brain development, behavior, and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gegenhuber, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bronstein, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tollkuhn, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.21.349290</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regulation of neural gene expression by estrogen receptor alpha]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.23.352070v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptional silencing of ALDH2 in acute myeloid leukemia confers a dependency on Fanconi anemia proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.23.352070v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hundreds of genes become aberrantly silenced in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), with most of these epigenetic changes being of unknown functional consequence. Here, we demonstrate how gene silencing can lead to an acquired dependency on the DNA repair machinery in AML. We make this observation by profiling the essentiality of the ubiquitin conjugation and ligation machinery in cancer cell lines using domain-focused CRISPR screening, which revealed Fanconi anemia (FA) proteins UBE2T (an E2) and FANCL (an E3) as unique dependencies in AML. We demonstrate that these dependencies are due to a synthetic lethal interaction between FA proteins and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), which function in parallel pathways to counteract the genotoxic effects of endogenous aldehydes. We provide evidence that DNA hypermethylation and transcriptional silencing of ALDH2 occur in a recurrent manner in human AML patient samples, which is sufficient to confer FA pathway dependency in this disease. Taken together, our study suggests that targeting of the ubiquitination reaction catalyzed by FA proteins can eliminate ALDH2-deficient AML.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iyer, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adelman, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klingbeil, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kramer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demerdash, O. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodwin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodges, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCombie, W. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figueroa, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smogorzewska, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vakoc, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.23.352070</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptional silencing of ALDH2 in acute myeloid leukemia confers a dependency on Fanconi anemia proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.06.371831v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantitative genetic basis of floral design in a natural plant population 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.06.371831v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The amount of genetic variation of floral traits and the degree to which they are genetically correlated are important parameters for the study of plant evolution. Estimates of these parameters can reveal the effect of historical selection relative to neutral processes such as mutation and drift, and allow us to predict the short-term evolutionary trajectory of a population under various selective regimes. Here, we assess the heritability and genetic correlation of the floral design of a native N. American tetraploid plant, Silene stellata (Caryophyllaceae), in a natural population. Specifically, we use a linear mixed model to estimate the genetic parameters based on a genealogy reconstructed from highly variable molecular markers. Overall, we found significant heritabilities in five out of nine studied traits. The level of heritability was intermediate (0.027 - 0.441). Interestingly, the floral trait showing the highest level of genetic variation was previously shown to be under strong sexually conflicting selection, which may serve as a mechanism for maintaining the observed genetic variation. Additionally, we also found prevalent positive genetic correlations between floral traits. Our results suggest that S. stellata is capable of responding to phenotypic selection on its floral design, while the abundant positive genetic correlations could also constrain the evolutionary trajectories to certain directions. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the utility and feasibility of marker-based approaches for estimating genetic parameters in natural populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fenster, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reynolds, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.06.371831</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantitative genetic basis of floral design in a natural plant population]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.06.372284v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Darwinian dynamics over recurrent neural computations for combinatorial problem solving 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.06.372284v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Efficient search in enormous combinatorial spaces is an essential component of intelligence. Humans, for instance, are often found searching for optimal action sequences, linguistic structures and causal explanations. Is there any computational domain that provides good-enough and fast-enough solutions to such a diverse set of problems, yet can be robustly implemented over neural substrates? Based on previous accounts, we propose that a Darwinian process, operating over sequential cycles of imperfect copying and selection of informational patterns, is a promising candidate. It is, in effect, a stochastic parallel search that i) does not need local gradient-like information and ii) redistributes its computational resources from globally bad to globally good solution candidates automatically. Here we demonstrate these concepts in a proof-of-principle model based on dynamical output states of reservoir computers as units of evolution. We show that a population of reservoir computing units, arranged in one or two-dimensional topologies, is capable of maintaining and continually improving upon existing solutions over rugged combinatorial reward landscapes. We also provide a detailed analysis of how neural quantities, such as noise and topology, translate to evolutionary ones, such as mutation rate and population structure. We demonstrate the existence of a sharp error threshold, a neural noise level beyond which information accumulated by an evolutionary process cannot be maintained. We point at the importance of neural representation, akin to genotype-phenotype maps, in determining the efficiency of any evolutionary search in the brain. Novel analysis methods are developed, including neural firing pattern phylogenies that display the unfolding of the process.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Czegel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giaffar, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Csillag, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Futo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szathmary, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.06.372284</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Darwinian dynamics over recurrent neural computations for combinatorial problem solving]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.10.375758v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Coexpression reveals conserved mechanisms of transcriptional cell identity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.10.375758v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
What makes a mouse a mouse, and not a hamster? The answer lies in the genome, and more specifically, in differences in gene regulation between the two organisms: where and when each gene is expressed. To quantify differences, a typical study will either compare functional genomics data from homologous tissues, limiting the approach to closely related species; or compare gene repertoires, limiting the resolution of the analysis to gross correlations between phenotypes and gene family size. As an alternative, gene coexpression networks provide a basis for studying the evolution of gene regulation without these constraints. By incorporating data from hundreds of independent experiments, meta-analytic coexpression networks reflect the convergent output of species-specific transcriptional regulation.

In this work, we develop a measure of regulatory evolution based on gene coexpression. Comparing data from 14 species, we quantify the conservation of coexpression patterns 1) as a function of evolutionary time, 2) across orthology prediction algorithms, and 3) with reference to cell- and tissue-specificity. Strikingly, we uncover deeply conserved patterns of gradient-like expression across cell types from both the animal and plant kingdoms. These results suggest that ancient genes contribute to transcriptional cell identity through mechanisms that are independent of duplication and divergence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Crow, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suresh, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.10.375758</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Coexpression reveals conserved mechanisms of transcriptional cell identity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.12.380501v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sex-specific stress-related behavioral phenotypes and central amygdala dysfunction in a mouse model of 16p11.2 microdeletion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.12.380501v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Substantial evidence indicates that a microdeletion on human chromosome 16p11.2 is linked to neurodevelopmental disorders including autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Carriers of this deletion show divergent symptoms besides the core features of ASD, such as anxiety and emotional symptoms. The neural mechanisms underlying these symptoms are poorly understood. Here we report mice heterozygous for a deletion allele of the genomic region corresponding to the human 16p11.2 microdeletion locus (i.e., the  16p11.2 del/+ mice) have sex-specific anxiety-related behavioral and neural circuit changes. We found that female, but not male 16p11.2 del/+ mice showed enhanced fear generalization - a hallmark of anxiety disorders - after auditory fear conditioning, and displayed increased anxiety-like behaviors after physical restraint stress. Notably, such sex-specific behavioral changes were paralleled by an increase in activity in central amygdala neurons projecting to the globus pallidus in female, but not male 16p11.2 del/+ mice. Together, these results reveal female-specific anxiety phenotypes related to 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome and a potential underlying neural circuit mechanism. Our study therefore identifies previously underappreciated sex-specific behavioral and neural changes in a genetic model of 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome, and highlights the importance of investigating female-specific aspects of this syndrome for targeted treatment strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Giovanniello, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahrens, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.12.380501</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sex-specific stress-related behavioral phenotypes and central amygdala dysfunction in a mouse model of 16p11.2 microdeletion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.25.399253v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Non-parametric Bayesian density estimation for biological sequence space with applications to pre-mRNA splicing and the karyotypic diversity of human cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.25.399253v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Density estimation in sequence space is a fundamental problem in machine learning that is of great importance in computational biology. Due to the discrete nature and large dimensionality of sequence space, how best to estimate such probability distributions from a sample of observed sequences remains unclear. One common strategy for addressing this problem is to estimate the probability distribution using maximum entropy, i.e. calculating point estimates for some set of correlations based on the observed sequences and predicting the probability distribution that is as uniform as possible while still matching these point estimates. Building on recent advances in Bayesian field-theoretic density estimation, we present a generalization of this maximum entropy approach that provides greater expressivity in regions of sequence space where data is plentiful while still maintaining a conservative maximum entropy char-acter in regions of sequence space where data is sparse or absent. In particular, we define a family of priors for probability distributions over sequence space with a single hyper-parameter that controls the expected magnitude of higher-order correlations. This family of priors then results in a corresponding one-dimensional family of maximum a posteriori estimates that interpolate smoothly between the maximum entropy estimate and the observed sample frequencies. To demonstrate the power of this method, we use it to explore the high-dimensional geometry of the distribution of 5' splice sites found in the human genome and to understand the accumulation of chromosomal abnormalities during cancer progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheltzer, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinney, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCandlish, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.25.399253</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Non-parametric Bayesian density estimation for biological sequence space with applications to pre-mRNA splicing and the karyotypic diversity of human cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.29.402875v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The structure-fitness landscape of pairwise relations in generative sequence models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.29.402875v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
If disentangled properly, patterns distilled from evolutionarily related sequences of a given protein family can inform their traits - such as their structure and function. Recent years have seen an increase in the complexity of generative models towards capturing these patterns; from sitewise to pairwise to deep and variational. In this study we evaluate the degree of structure and fitness patterns learned by a suite of progressively complex models. We introduce pairwise saliency, a novel method for evaluating the degree of captured structural information. We also quantify the fitness information learned by these models by using them to predict the fitness of mutant sequences and then correlate these predictions against their measured fitness values. We observe that models that inform structure do not necessarily inform fitness and vice versa, contrasting recent claims in this field. Our work highlights a dearth of consistency across fitness assays as well as divergently provides a general approach for understanding the pairwise decomposable relations learned by a given generative sequence model.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marshall, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stiffler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dauparas, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ovchinnikov, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.29.402875</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The structure-fitness landscape of pairwise relations in generative sequence models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.03.404186v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Acute systemic loss of Mad2 leads to intestinal atrophy in adult mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.03.404186v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer, leading to aneuploid cells. To study the role that CIN plays in tumor evolution, several mouse models have been engineered over the last two decades. These studies have unequivocally shown that systemic high-grade CIN is embryonic lethal. We and others have previously shown that embryonic lethality can be circumvented by provoking CIN in a tissue-specific fashion. In this study, we provoke systemic high-grade CIN in adult mice as an alternative to circumvent embryonic lethality. For this, we disrupt the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) by alleviating Mad2 or truncating Mps1, both essential genes for SAC functioning, with or without p53 inactivation. We find that disruption of the SAC leads to rapid villous atrophy, atypia and apoptosis of intestinal epithelia, substantial weight loss, and death within 10 days after the start of the CIN insult. Despite this severe intestinal phenotype, most other tissues are unaffected, except for minor abnormalities in spleen, presumably due to the low proliferation rate in these tissues. We conclude that high-grade CIN in vivo in adult mice is most toxic to intestinal epithelia, presumably due to the high cell turnover in this tissue.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schukken, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakker, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harkema, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Youssef, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Bruin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foijer, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.03.404186</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Acute systemic loss of Mad2 leads to intestinal atrophy in adult mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.15.422742v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ranked Choice Voting for Representative Transcripts with TRaCE 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.15.422742v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryGenome sequencing projects annotate protein-coding gene models with multiple transcripts, aiming to represent all of the available transcript evidence. However, downstream analyses often operate on only one representative transcript per gene locus, sometimes known as the canonical transcript. To choose canonical transcripts, TRaCE (Transcript Ranking and Canonical Election) holds an  election in which a set of RNA-seq samples rank transcripts by annotation edit distance. These sample-specific votes are tallied along with other criteria such as protein length and InterPro domain coverage. The winner is selected as the canonical transcript, but the election proceeds through multiple rounds of voting to order all the transcripts by relevance. Based on the set of expression data provided, TRaCE can identify the most common isoforms from a broad expression atlas or prioritize alternative transcripts expressed in specific contexts.

Availability and ImplementationTranscript ranking code can be found on GitHub at {{https://github.com/warelab/TRaCE}}

Contactolson@cshl.edu, ware@cshl.edu

Supplementary informationAdditional data are available in the github repository.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Olson, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ware, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.15.422742</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ranked Choice Voting for Representative Transcripts with TRaCE]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.19.422860v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Naa12 rescues embryonic lethality in Naa10-Deficient Mice in the amino-terminal acetylation pathway 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.19.422860v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Amino-terminal acetylation is catalyzed by a set of N-terminal acetyltransferases (NATs). The NatA complex (including X-linked Naa10 and Naa15) is the major acetyltransferase, with 40-50% of all mammalian proteins being potential substrates. However, the overall role of amino-terminal acetylation on a whole-organism level is poorly understood, particularly in mammals. Male mice lacking Naa10 show no globally apparent in vivo amino-terminal acetylation impairment and do not exhibit complete embryonic lethality. Rather Naa10 nulls display increased neonatal lethality, and the majority of surviving undersized mutants exhibit a combination of hydrocephaly, cardiac defects, homeotic anterior transformation, piebaldism and urogenital anomalies. Naa12 is a previously unannotated Naa10-like paralogue with NAT activity that genetically compensates for Naa10. Mice deficient for Naa12 have no apparent phenotype, whereas mice deficient for Naa10 and Naa12 display embryonic lethality. The discovery of Naa12 adds to the currently known machinery involved in amino-terminal acetylation in mice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kweon, H. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorfel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gottlieb, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>PaPazyan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McTiernan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ree, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flory, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crain, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sebold, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyons, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ismail, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marchi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sonn, S.-k.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeong, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ju, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conway, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roh, T.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnesen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marmorstein, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyon, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.19.422860</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Naa12 rescues embryonic lethality in Naa10-Deficient Mice in the amino-terminal acetylation pathway]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.21.423882v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single Layers of Attention Suffice to Predict Protein Contacts 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.21.423882v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWThe established approach to unsupervised protein contact prediction estimates co-evolving positions using undirected graphical models. This approach trains a Potts model on a Multiple Sequence Alignment, then predicts that the edges with highest weight correspond to contacts in the 3D structure. On the other hand, increasingly large Transformers are being pretrained on protein sequence databases but have demonstrated mixed results for downstream tasks, including contact prediction. This has sparked discussion about the role of scale and attention-based models in unsupervised protein representation learning. We argue that attention is a principled model of protein interactions, grounded in real properties of protein family data. We introduce a simplified attention layer, factored attention, and show that it achieves comparable performance to Potts models, while sharing parameters both within and across families. Further, we extract contacts from the attention maps of a pretrained Transformer and show they perform competitively with the other two approaches. This provides evidence that large-scale pretraining can learn meaningful protein features when presented with unlabeled and unaligned data. We contrast factored attention with the Transformer to indicate that the Transformer leverages hierarchical signal in protein family databases not captured by our single-layer models. This raises the exciting possibility for the development of powerful structured models of protein family databases.1
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharya, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daupras, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, Y. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ovchinnikov, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.21.423882</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single Layers of Attention Suffice to Predict Protein Contacts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.22.423111v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Virtue as the mean: Pan-human consensus genome significantly improves the accuracy of RNA-seq analyses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.22.423111v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Human Reference Genome serves as the foundation for modern genomic analyses. However, in its present form, it does not adequately represent the vast genetic diversity of the human population. In this study, we explored the consensus genome as a potential successor of the current Reference genome and assessed its effect on the accuracy of RNA-seq read alignment. In order to find the best haploid genome representation, we constructed consensus genomes at the Pan-human, Super-population and Population levels, utilizing variant information from the 1000 Genomes project. Using personal haploid genomes as the ground truth, we compared mapping errors for real RNA-seq reads aligned to the consensus genomes versus the Reference genome. For reads overlapping homozygous variants, we found that the mapping error decreased by a factor of ~2-3 when the Reference was replaced with the Pan-human consensus genome. Interestingly, we also found that using more population-specific consensuses resulted in little to no increase over using the Pan-human consensus, suggesting a limit in the utility of incorporating more specific genomic variation. To assess the functional impact, we compared splice junction expression in the different genomes and found that the Pan-human consensus increases accuracy of splice junction quantification for hundreds of splice junctions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kaminow, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ballouz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.22.423111</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Virtue as the mean: Pan-human consensus genome significantly improves the accuracy of RNA-seq analyses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.22.424018v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In vivo genetic screen identifies a SLC5A3-dependent myo-inositol auxotrophy in acute myeloid leukemia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.22.424018v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
An enhanced requirement for extracellular nutrients is a hallmark property of cancer cells. Here, we optimized an in vivo genetic screening strategy for evaluating dependencies in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which led to the identification of the myo-inositol transporter SLC5A3 as a unique vulnerability in this disease. In accord with this transport function, we demonstrate that the SLC5A3 dependency reflects a myo-inositol auxotrophy in AML. Importantly, the commonality among SLC5A3-dependent AML lines is the transcriptional silencing of ISYNA1, which encodes the rate limiting enzyme for myoinositol biosynthesis, inositol-3-phosphate synthase 1. We used gain- and loss-of-function experiments to demonstrate a synthetic lethal genetic interaction between ISYNA1 and SLC5A3 in AML, which function redundantly to sustain intracellular myo-inositol. Transcriptional silencing and DNA hypermethylation of ISYNA1 occur in a recurrent manner in human AML patient samples, in association with the presence of IDH1/IDH2 and CEBPA mutations. Collectively, our findings reveal myo-inositol auxotrophy as a novel form of metabolic dysregulation in AML, which is caused by the aberrant silencing of a biosynthetic enzyme.

Statement of significanceHere, we show how epigenetic silencing can provoke a nutrient dependency in AML by exploiting a synthetic lethality relationship between biosynthesis and transport of myo-inositol. Blocking the function of this solute carrier may have therapeutic potential in an epigenetically-defined subset of AML.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iyer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kramer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adelman, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klingbeil, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demerdash, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polyanskaya, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodwin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodges, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCombie, W. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figueroa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vakoc, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.22.424018</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In vivo genetic screen identifies a SLC5A3-dependent myo-inositol auxotrophy in acute myeloid leukemia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.28.424602v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High resolution copy number inference in cancer using short-molecule nanopore sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.28.424602v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome copy number is an important source of genetic variation in health and disease. In cancer, clinically actionable Copy Number Alterations (CNAs) can be inferred from short-read sequencing data, enabling genomics-based precision oncology. Emerging Nanopore sequencing technologies offer the potential for broader clinical utility, for example in smaller hospitals, due to lower instrument cost, higher portability, and ease of use. Nonetheless, Nanopore sequencing devices are limited in terms of the number of retrievable sequencing reads/molecules compared to short-read sequencing platforms. This represents a challenge for applications that require high read counts such as CNA inference. To address this limitation, we targeted the sequencing of short-length DNA molecules loaded at optimized concentration in an effort to increase sequence read/molecule yield from a single nanopore run. We show that sequencing short DNA molecules reproducibly returns high read counts and allows high quality CNA inference. We demonstrate the clinical relevance of this approach by accurately inferring CNAs in acute myeloid leukemia samples. The data shows that, compared to traditional approaches such as chromosome analysis/cytogenetics, short molecule nanopore sequencing returns more sensitive, accurate copy number information in a cost effective and expeditious manner, including for multiplex samples. Our results provide a framework for the sequencing of relatively short DNA molecules on nanopore devices with applications in research and medicine, that include but are not limited to, CNAs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Baslan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kovaka, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sedlazeck, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wappel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lowe, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodwin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schatz, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.28.424602</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High resolution copy number inference in cancer using short-molecule nanopore sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.29.424712v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rapid expression of COVID-19 proteins by transient expression in tobacco. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.29.424712v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In 2020 we suffered from a major global pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Efforts to contain the virus include the development of rapid tests and vaccines, which require a ready supply of viral proteins. Here we report the production of two SARS-CoV-2 proteins by transient transformation of tobacco, leading to high expression within three days, and subsequent purification of the intact proteins. Such efforts may help to develop testing resources to alleviate the major impacts of this global pandemic.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lindsay, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ackerman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Artz, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosado, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skopelitis, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kitagawa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pedmale, U. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.29.424712</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rapid expression of COVID-19 proteins by transient expression in tobacco.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.03.424980v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pan-genome Analysis in Sorghum Highlights the Extent of Genomic Variation and Sugarcane Aphid Resistance Genes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.03.424980v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sorghum bicolor, one of the most important grass crops around the world, harbors a high degree of genetic diversity. We constructed chromosome-level genome assemblies for two important sorghum inbred lines, Tx2783 and RTx436. The final high-quality reference assemblies consist of 19 and 18 scaffolds, respectively, with contig N50 values of 25.6 and 20.3 Mb. Genes were annotated using evidence-based and de novo gene predictors, and RAMPAGE data demonstrate that transcription start sites were effectively captured. Together with other public sorghum genomes, BTx623, RTx430, and Rio, extensive structural variations (SVs) of various sizes were characterized using Tx2783 as a reference. Genome-wide scanning for disease resistance (R) genes revealed high levels of diversity among these five sorghum accessions. To characterize sugarcane aphid (SCA) resistance in Tx2783, we mapped the resistance region on chromosome 6 using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population and found a SV of 191 kb containing a cluster of R genes in Tx2783. Using Tx2783 as a backbone, along with the SVs, we constructed a pan-genome to support alignment of resequencing data from 62 sorghum accessions, and then identified core and dispensable genes using this population. This study provides the first overview of the extent of genomic structural variations and R genes in the sorghum population, and reveals potential targets for breeding of SCA resistance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chougule, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Llaca, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fengler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Regulski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drenkow, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gingeras, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayes, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armstrong, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ware, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.03.424980</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pan-genome Analysis in Sorghum Highlights the Extent of Genomic Variation and Sugarcane Aphid Resistance Genes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.06.425580v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The H3K36me2 writer-reader dependency in H3K27M-DIPG 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.06.425580v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The lysine-to-methionine mutation at residue 27 of histone H3 (H3K27M) is a driving mutation in Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG), a highly aggressive form of pediatric brain tumor with no effective treatment and little chance of survival. H3K27M reshapes the epigenome through a global inhibition of PRC2 catalytic activity, the placement of methylation at lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me2/3), promoting oncogenesis of DIPG. As a consequence, a histone modification H3K36me2, antagonistic to H3K27me2/3, is aberrantly elevated. Here, we investigate the role of H3K36me2 in H3K27M-DIPG by tackling its upstream catalyzing enzymes (writers) and downstream binding factors (readers). We determine that NSD1 and NSD2 are the key writers for H3K36me2. Loss of NSD1/2 in H3K27M-DIPG impedes cellular proliferation in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo, and disrupts tumor-promoting gene expression programs. Further, we demonstrate that LEDGF and HDGF2 are the main readers that mediate the pro-tumorigenic effects downstream of NSD1/2-H3K36me2. Treatment with a chemically modified peptide mimicking endogenous H3K36me2 dislodges LEDGF/HDGF2 from chromatin and specifically inhibits the proliferation of H3K27M-DIPG. Together, our results indicate a functional pathway of NSD1/2-H3K36me2-LEDGF/HDGF2 as an acquired dependency in H3K27M-DIPG and suggest a possibility to target this pathway for therapeutic interventions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Reinberg, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LeRoy, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bready, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frenster, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saldana-Meyer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Descostes, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stafford, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Placantonakis, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.06.425580</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The H3K36me2 writer-reader dependency in H3K27M-DIPG]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.06.425631v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An epigenetic switch regulates the ontogeny of AXL positive/EGFR-TKI resistant cells by modulating miR-335 expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.06.425631v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, despite current advancements in research and therapeutics. Many patients diagnosed with lung cancer will develop resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. In the context of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) harboring EGFR oncogenic mutations, augmented levels of AXL and GAS6 have been found to drive Erlotinib resistance in certain tumors with mesenchymal-like features. By studying the ontogeny of AXL-positive cells, we have identified a novel non-genetic mechanism of drug resistance based on cell-state transition. We demonstrate that AXL-positive cells are already present as a sub-population of cancer cells in Erlotinib-naive tumors and tumor-derived cell lines, and that the expression of AXL is regulated through a stochastic mechanism centered on the epigenetic regulation of miR-335. The existence of a cell-intrinsic program through which AXL-positive/Erlotinib-resistant cells emerge infers the need of treating tumors harboring EGFR-oncogenic mutations upfront with combinatorial treatments targeting both AXL-negative and AXL-positive cancer cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sordella, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pal, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Safaric Tepes, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindsted, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibarra, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lujambio, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jimenez Sabinina, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Senturk, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korimerla, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glassman, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeltsman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyman, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esposito, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hannon, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.06.425631</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An epigenetic switch regulates the ontogeny of AXL positive/EGFR-TKI resistant cells by modulating miR-335 expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.08.425919v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Clr4SUV39H1 and Bdf2BRD4 ubiquitination mediate transcriptional silencing via heterochromatic phase transitions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.08.425919v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcriptional silencing by RNAi paradoxically relies on transcription, but how the transition from transcription to silencing is achieved has remained unclear. The Cryptic Loci Regulator complex (CLRC) in Schizosaccharomyces pombe is a cullin-ring E3 ligase required for silencing that is recruited by RNAi. We found that the E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme Ubc4 interacts with CLRC and mono-ubiquitinates the histone H3K9 methyltransferase Clr4SUV39H1, promoting the transition from co-transcriptional gene silencing (H3K9me2) to transcriptional gene silencing (H3K9me3). Ubiquitination of Clr4 occurs in an intrinsically disordered region (IDR), which undergoes robust liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), along with Swi6HP1 the effector of transcriptional gene silencing. Phase separation of Clr4 and Swi6 is exquisitely sensitive to non-coding RNA (ncRNA), which promotes dimerization, chromatin association, and di-, but not tri-methylation instead. Ubc4-CLRC also targets the transcriptional co-activator Bdf2BRD4, down-regulating centromeric transcription and small RNA production. The deubiquitinase Ubp3 counteracts both activities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roche, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Todeschini, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, A.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verdel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martienssen, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.08.425919</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Clr4SUV39H1 and Bdf2BRD4 ubiquitination mediate transcriptional silencing via heterochromatic phase transitions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.08.425946v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dicer promotes genome stability via the bromodomain transcriptional co-activator Brd4. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.08.425946v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNA interference is essential for transcriptional silencing and genome stability, but conservation of this role in mammals has been difficult to demonstrate. Dicer1-/- mouse embryonic stem cells have microRNA-independent proliferation defects, and we conducted a CRISPR-Cas9 screen to restore viability. We identified suppressor mutations in transcriptional activators, H3K9 methyltransferases, and chromosome segregation factors, strongly resembling Dicer suppressors in fission yeast. Suppressors rescued chromosomal defects, and reversed strand-specific transcription of major satellite repeats in Dicer1-/-. The strongest suppressors were in Brd4, and in the transcriptional elongator/histone acetyltransferase Elp3. Using viable mutants and pharmaceutical inhibitors, we demonstrate that deletion of specific residues in Brd4 rescue genome instability defects of Dicer1-/- in both mammalian cells and fission yeast, implicating Dicer in coordinating transcription and replication of satellite repeats.

SummaryReplication and segregation defects in Dicer1-/- stem cells depend on centromeric transcription by Brd4, and are deeply conserved in fission yeast.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gutbrod, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roche, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lakhani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schorn, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martienssen, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.08.425946</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dicer promotes genome stability via the bromodomain transcriptional co-activator Brd4.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.12.426408v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Unified Probabilistic Modeling Framework for Eukaryotic Transcription Based on Nascent RNA Sequencing Data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.12.426408v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nascent RNA sequencing protocols, such as PRO-seq and NET-seq, are now widely used in the study of eukaryotic transcription, and these experimental techniques have given rise to a variety of statistical and machine-learning methods for data analysis. These computational methods, however, are generally designed to address specialized signal-processing or prediction tasks, rather than directly describing the dynamics of RNA polymerases as they move along the DNA template. Here, I introduce a general probabilistic model that describes the kinetics of transcription initiation, elongation, pause release, and termination, as well as the generation of sequencing read counts. I show that this generative model enables estimation of separate pause-release rates, termination rates, and the initiation/elongation rate ratio up to a proportionality constant. Furthermore, if applied to time-course data in a nonequilibrium setting, the model can be used to estimate elongation rates. This model leads naturally to likelihood ratio tests for differences between genes, conditions, or species in various rates of interest. If read counts are assumed to be Poisson-distributed, convenient, closed-form solutions are available for both parameter estimates and likelihood-ratio-test statistics. Straightforward extensions of the model accommodate variability in the pause site and steric hindrance of initiation by paused polymerases. Additional extensions address Bayesian inference under the Poisson model and a generalized linear model that can be used to discover genomic features associated with rates of elongation. Finally, I address technicalities concerning estimation of library size, normalization and sequencing replicates. Altogether, this modeling framework enables a unified treatment of many common tasks in the analysis of nascent RNA sequencing data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Siepel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.12.426408</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Unified Probabilistic Modeling Framework for Eukaryotic Transcription Based on Nascent RNA Sequencing Data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.14.426684v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
De novo assembly, annotation, and comparative analysis of 26 diverse maize genomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.14.426684v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We report de novo genome assemblies, transcriptomes, annotations, and methylomes for the 26 inbreds that serve as the founders for the maize nested association mapping population. The data indicate that the number of pan-genes exceeds 103,000 and that the ancient tetraploid character of maize continues to degrade by fractionation to the present day. Excellent contiguity over repeat arrays and complete annotation of centromeres further reveal the locations and internal structures of major cytological landmarks. We show that combining structural variation with SNPs can improve the power of quantitative mapping studies. Finally, we document variation at the level of DNA methylation, and demonstrate that unmethylated regions are enriched for cis-regulatory elements that overlap QTL and contribute to changes in gene expression.

One sentence summaryA multi-genome analysis of maize reveals previously unknown variation in gene content, genome structure, and methylation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hufford, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seetharam, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodhouse, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chougule, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LIU, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ricci, W. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Della Coletta, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tittes, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hudson, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marand, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tello-Ruiz, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piri, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D. w.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Connor, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baggs, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krasileva, K. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Portwood, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cannon, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andorf, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MANCHANDA, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snodgrass, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hufnagel, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pedersen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Syring, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kudrna, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Llaca, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fengler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmitz, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ross-Ibarra, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gent, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirsch, C. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ware</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.14.426684</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[De novo assembly, annotation, and comparative analysis of 26 diverse maize genomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.25.426574v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Teosinte introgression modulates phosphatidylcholine levels and induces early maize flowering time 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.25.426574v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Native Americans domesticated maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) from lowland teosinte parviglumis (Zea mays ssp.parviglumis) in the warm Mexican southwest and brought it to the highlands of Mexico and South America where it was exposed to lower temperatures that imposed strong selection on flowering time. Phospholipids are important metabolites in plant responses to low-temperature and phosphorus availability, and have been suggested to influence flowering time. Here, we combined linkage mapping with genome scans to identify High PhosphatidylCholine 1 (HPC1), a gene that encodes a phospholipase A1 enzyme, as a major driver of phospholipid variation in highland maize. Common garden experiments demonstrated strong genotype-by-environment interactions associated with variation at HPC1, with the highland HPC1 allele leading to higher fitness in highlands, possibly by hastening flowering. The highland maize HPC1 variant resulted in impaired function of the encoded protein due to a polymorphism in a highly conserved sequence. A meta-analysis across HPC1 orthologs indicated a strong association between the identity of the amino acid at this position and optimal growth in prokaryotes. Mutagenesis of HPC1 via genome editing validated its role in regulating phospholipid metabolism. Finally, we showed that the highland HPC1 allele entered cultivated maize by introgression from the wild highland teosinte Zea mays ssp. mexicana and has been maintained in maize breeding lines from the Northern US, Canada and Europe. Thus, HPC1 introgressed from teosinte mexicana underlies a large metabolic QTL that modulates phosphatidylcholine levels and has an adaptive effect at least in part via induction of early flowering time.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez-Zapata, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnes, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blocher-Juarez, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gates, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kur, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensen, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Estevez-Palmas, J. M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janzen, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crow, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguilar-Rangel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demesa-Arevalo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skopelitis, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez-Limon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stutts, W. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomson, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiu, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiehn, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Runcie, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buckler, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ross-Ibarra, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hufford, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sawers, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rellan-Alvarez, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.25.426574</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Teosinte introgression modulates phosphatidylcholine levels and induces early maize flowering time]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.16.435537v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deconvolution of Expression for Nascent RNA Sequencing Data (DENR) Highlights Pre-RNA Isoform Diversity in Human Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.16.435537v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Quantification of mature-RNA isoform abundance from RNA-seq data has been extensively studied, but much less attention has been devoted to quantifying the abundance of distinct precursor RNAs based on nascent RNA sequencing data. Here we address this problem with a new computational method called Deconvolution of Expression for Nascent RNA sequencing data (DENR). DENR models the nascent RNA read counts at each locus as a mixture of user-provided isoforms. The performance of the baseline algorithm is enhanced by the use of machine-learning predictions of transcription start sites (TSSs) and an adjustment for the typical "shape profile" of read counts along a transcription unit. We show using simulated data that DENR clearly outperforms simple read-count-based methods for estimating the abundances of both whole genes and isoforms. By applying DENR to previously published PRO-seq data from K562 and CD4+ T cells, we find that transcription of multiple isoforms per gene is widespread, and the dominant isoform frequently makes use of an internal TSS. We also identify > 200 genes whose dominant isoforms make use of different TSSs in these two cell types. Finally, we apply DENR and StringTie to newly generated PRO-seq and RNA-seq data, respectively, for human CD4+ T cells and CD14+ monocytes, and show that entropy at the pre-RNA level makes a disproportionate contribution to overall isoform diversity, especially across cell types. Altogether, DENR is the first computational tool to enable abundance quantification of pre-RNA isoforms based on nascent RNA sequencing data, and it reveals high levels of pre-RNA isoform diversity in human cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dukler, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barshad, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toneyan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danko, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siepel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.16.435537</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deconvolution of Expression for Nascent RNA Sequencing Data (DENR) Highlights Pre-RNA Isoform Diversity in Human Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.23.436634v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PHAROH lncRNA regulates c-Myc translation in hepatocellular carcinoma via sequestering TIAR 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.23.436634v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hepatocellular carcinoma, the most common type of liver malignancy, is one of the most lethal forms of cancer. We identified a long non-coding RNA, Gm19705, that is over-expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma and mouse embryonic stem cells. We named this RNA Pluripotency and Hepatocyte Associated RNA Overexpressed in HCC, or PHAROH. Depletion of PHAROH impacts cell proliferation and migration, which can be rescued by ectopic expression of PHAROH. RNA-seq analysis of PHAROH knockouts revealed that a large number of genes with decreased expression contain a c-Myc motif in their promoter. C-MYC is decreased at the protein level, but not the mRNA level. RNA-antisense pulldown identified nucleolysin TIAR, a translational repressor, to bind to a 71-nt hairpin within PHAROH, sequestration of which increases c-MYC translation. In summary, our data suggest that PHAROH regulates c-MYC translation by sequestering TIAR and as such represents a potentially exciting diagnostic or therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berasain, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhatia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivera, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rigo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappin, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spector, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.23.436634</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PHAROH lncRNA regulates c-Myc translation in hepatocellular carcinoma via sequestering TIAR]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.30.437774v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The long non-coding RNA MaTAR20 promotes mammary tumor growth by regulating angiogenesis pathways 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.30.437774v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are an emerging class of regulatory molecules that have been shown to play important roles in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Here, we studied the recently identified lncRNA Mammary Tumor Associated RNA 20 (MaTAR20) in mammary cancer progression. A CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of MaTAR20 in the metastatic 4T1 cell line led to reduced cancer cell proliferation and increased cell surface adhesion compared to control cells. Consistent with these knockout results antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) mediated knockdown of MaTAR20 resulted in reduced growth and invasion in 4T1 cells, and in primary mammary tumor organoids derived from the MMTV-PyMT mouse model of breast cancer. Injection of MaTAR20-specific ASOs subcutaneously into tumor bearing MMTV-PyMT mice resulted in smaller and highly necrotic tumors in comparison to mice injected with a scrambled control ASO. To investigate the molecular mechanism by which MaTAR20 acts to advance mammary tumor progression, we applied a combination of RNA-sequencing and RNA-pulldown coupled to DNA-sequencing. These analyses demonstrated that the nuclear retained lncRNA is associated with several essential cancer signaling pathways such as VEGF signaling. In particular, MaTAR20 directly binds to and regulates the expression of Tnfsf15. Our results indicate that MaTAR20 is an important driver of mammary tumor progression and represents a promising new therapeutic target.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Diermeier, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, K.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frewen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benz, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nowak, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hearn, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilkinson, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rigo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spector, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.30.437774</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The long non-coding RNA MaTAR20 promotes mammary tumor growth by regulating angiogenesis pathways]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.31.437751v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Precise and pervasive phasic bursting in locus coeruleus during maternal behavior 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.31.437751v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) mediates key aspects of arousal, memory, and cognition in structured tasks, but its contribution to natural behavior remains unclear. Neuronal activity in LC is organized into sustained ( tonic) firing patterns reflecting global brain states and rapidly fluctuating ( phasic) bursts signaling discrete behaviorally significant events. LCs broad participation in social behavior including maternal behavior is well-established, yet the temporal relationship of its activity to sensory events and behavioral decisions in this context is unknown. Here, we made electrical and optical recordings from LC in female mice during maternal interaction with pups. We find that pup retrieval stably elicits precisely timed and pervasive phasic activation of LC that cant be attributed to sensory stimuli, motor activity, or reward. Correlation of LC activity with retrieval events shows that phasic events are most closely related to subsequent behavior. We conclude that LC likely drives goal-directed action selection during social behavior with globally-broadcast noradrenaline release.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dvorkin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shea, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.31.437751</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Precise and pervasive phasic bursting in locus coeruleus during maternal behavior]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.01.438068v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exploiting marker genes for robust classification and characterization of single-cell chromatin accessibility 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.01.438068v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationSingle-cell Assay for Transposase Accessible Chromatin using sequencing (scATAC-seq) is a valuable resource to learn cis-regulatory elements such as cell-type specific enhancers and transcription factor binding sites. However, cell-type identification of scATAC-seq data is known to be challenging due to the heterogeneity derived from different protocols and the high dropout rate.

ResultsIn this study, we perform a systematic comparison of 7 scATAC-seq datasets of mouse brain to benchmark the efficacy of neuronal cell-type annotation from gene sets. We find that redundant marker genes give a dramatic improvement for a sparse scATAC-seq annotation across the data collected from different studies. Interestingly, simple aggregation of such marker genes achieves performance comparable or higher than that of machine-learning classifiers, suggesting its potential for downstream applications. Based on our results, we reannotated all scATAC-seq data for detailed cell types using robust marker genes. Their meta scATAC-seq profiles are publicly available at https://gillisweb.cshl.edu/Meta_scATAC. Furthermore, we trained a deep neural network to predict chromatin accessibility from only DNA sequence and identified key motifs enriched for each neuronal subtype. Those predicted profiles are visualized together in our database as a valuable resource to explore cell-type specific epigenetic regulation in a sequence-dependent and -independent manner.

Contactjesse.gillis@utoronto.ca

Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at xxxxxx online.

Key pointsO_LI7 scATAC-seq datasets of mouse brain are systematically compared to benchmark the efficacy of neuronal cell-type annotation from gene sets.
C_LIO_LIRedundant marker genes give a dramatic improvement for a sparse scATAC-seq annotation beyond the heterogeneity of scATAC-seq data.
C_LIO_LIWe reannotated all scATAC-seq data for detailed cell types using robust marker genes and their meta scATAC-seq profiles are publicly available at a new Meta scATAC-seq server.
C_LIO_LIPredicted profiles from only DNA sequence using a deep neural network are visualized together to explore sequence-dependent and -independent epigenetic regulation.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kawaguchi, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tripathy, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koo, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.01.438068</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exploiting marker genes for robust classification and characterization of single-cell chromatin accessibility]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.06.438613v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Promoter-sequence determinants and structural basis of primer-dependent transcription initiation in Escherichia coli 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.06.438613v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chemical modifications of RNA 5' ends enable "epitranscriptomic" regulation, influencing multiple aspects of RNA fate. In transcription initiation, a large inventory of substrates compete with nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) for use as initiating entities, providing an ab initio mechanism for altering the RNA 5' end. In Escherichia coli cells, RNAs with a 5'-end hydroxyl are generated by use of dinucleotide RNAs as primers for transcription initiation, "primer-dependent initiation." Here we use massively systematic transcript end readout ("MASTER") to detect and quantify RNA 5' ends generated by primer-dependent initiation for ~410 (~1,000,000) promoter sequences in E. coli. The results show primer-dependent initiation in E. coli involves any of the 16 possible dinucleotide primers and depends on promoter sequences in, upstream, and downstream of the primer binding site. The results yield a consensus sequence for primer-dependent initiation, YTSS-2NTSS-1NTSSWTSS+1, where TSS is the transcription start site, NTSS-1NTSS is the primer binding site, Y is pyrimidine, and W is A or T. Biochemical and structure-determination studies show that the base pair (nontemplate-strand base:template-strand base) immediately upstream of the primer binding site (Y:RTSS-2, where R is purine) exerts its effect through the base on the DNA template strand (RTSS-2) through inter-chain base stacking with the RNA primer. Results from analysis of a large set of natural, chromosomally-encoded E. coli promoters support the conclusions from MASTER. Our findings provide a mechanistic and structural description of how TSS-region sequence hard-codes not only the TSS position, but also the potential for epitranscriptomic regulation through primer-dependent transcription initiation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Skalenko, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vvedenskaya, I. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winkelman, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cope, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ebright, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinney, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nickels, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.06.438613</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Promoter-sequence determinants and structural basis of primer-dependent transcription initiation in Escherichia coli]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.06.438639v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Maize RAMOSA3 accumulates in nuclear condensates enriched in RNA POLYMERASE II isoforms during the establishment of axillary meristem determinacy. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.06.438639v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Brief AbstractMaize meristem determinacy is regulated by Trehalose-6-Phosphate Phosphatase (TPP) metabolic enzymes RAMOSA3 and TPP4. However, this function is independent of their enzymatic activity, suggesting they have an unpredicted, or moonlighting function. Using whole-mount double immunolabeling and imaging processing, we investigated the co-localization of RA3 nuclear speckles with markers for transcription, chromatin state and splicing. We find evidence for RA3 co-localization with RNA POL II, a transcription marker, and not with markers for promoter chromatin remodeling or mRNA processing, suggesting a function of nuclear RA3 in mediating a transcriptional response during meristem determinacy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Demesa-Arevalo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abraham-Juarez, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartlett, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.06.438639</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Maize RAMOSA3 accumulates in nuclear condensates enriched in RNA POLYMERASE II isoforms during the establishment of axillary meristem determinacy.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.14.438663v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mutation bias shapes the spectrum of adaptive substitutions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.14.438663v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Evolutionary adaptation often occurs via the fixation of beneficial point mutations, but different types of mutation may differ in their relative frequencies within the collection of substitutions contributing to adaptation in any given species. Recent studies have established that this spectrum of adaptive substitutions is enriched for classes of mutations that occur at higher rates. Yet, little is known at a quantitative level about the precise extent of this enrichment, or its dependence on other factors such as the beneficial mutation supply or demographic conditions. Here we address the extent to which the mutation spectrum shapes the spectrum of adaptive amino acid substitutions by applying a codon-based negative binomial regression model to three large data sets that include thousands of amino acid changes identified in natural and experimental adaptation in S. cerevisiae, E. coli, and M. tuberculosis. We find that the mutation spectrum has a strong and roughly proportional influence on the spectrum of adaptive substitutions in all three species. In fact, we find that by inferring the mutation rates that best explain the spectrum of adaptive substitutions, we can accurately recover species-specific mutational spectra obtained via mutation accumulation experiments. We complement this empirical analysis with simulations to determine the factors that influence how closely the spectrum of adaptive substitutions mirrors the spectrum of amino acid variants introduced by mutation, and find that the predictive power of mutation depends on multiple factors including population size and the breadth of the mutational target for adaptation.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHow do mutational biases influence the process of adaptation? Classical neo-Darwinian thinking assumes that selection alone determines the course of adaptation from abundant pre-existing variation. Yet, theoretical work shows that under some circumstances the mutation rate to a given variant may have a strong impact on the probability of that variant contributing to adaptation. Here we introduce a statistical approach to analyzing how mutation shapes protein sequence adaptation, and show that the mutation spectrum has a proportional influence on the changes fixed in adaptation observed in three large data sets. We also show via computer simulations that a variety of factors can influence how closely the spectrum of adaptive substitutions mirrors the spectrum of variants introduced by mutation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>V Cano, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rozhonova, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoltzfus, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCandlish, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payne, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.14.438663</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mutation bias shapes the spectrum of adaptive substitutions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.16.439807v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Meta-analytic markers reveal a generalizable description of cortical cell types 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.16.439807v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Our understanding of cell types has advanced considerably with the publication of single cell atlases. Marker genes play an essential role for experimental validation and computational analyses such as physiological characterization through pathway enrichment, annotation, and deconvolution. However, a framework for quantifying marker replicability and picking replicable markers is currently lacking. Here, using high quality data from the Brain Initiative Cell Census Network (BICCN), we systematically investigate marker replicability for 85 neuronal cell types. We show that, due to dataset-specific noise, we need to combine 5 datasets to obtain robust differentially expressed (DE) genes, particularly for rare populations and lowly expressed genes. We estimate that 10 to 200 meta-analytic markers provide optimal performance in downstream computational tasks. Replicable marker lists condense single cell atlases into interpretable and generalizable information about cell types, opening avenues for downstream applications, including cell type annotation, selection of gene panels and bulk data deconvolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fischer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.16.439807</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Meta-analytic markers reveal a generalizable description of cortical cell types]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.16.440123v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The UBAP2L ortholog PQN-59 contributes to stress granule assembly and development in C. elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.16.440123v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
When exposed to stressful conditions, eukaryotic cells respond by inducing the formation of cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein complexes called stress granules. Stress granules are thought to have a protective function but their exact role is still unclear. Here we use C. elegans to study two proteins that have been shown to be important for stress granule assembly in human cells: PQN-59, the ortholog of human UBAP2L, and GTBP-1, the ortholog of the human G3BP1 and G3BP2 proteins. Both proteins fall into stress granules in the embryo and in the germline when C. elegans is exposed to stressful conditions. None of the two proteins is essential for the assembly of stress induced granules, but the granules formed in absence of PQN-59 or GTBP-1 are less numerous and dissolve faster than the ones formed in control embryos. Despite these differences, pqn-59 or gtbp-1 mutant embryos do not show a higher sensitivity to stress than control embryos. pqn-59 mutants display reduced progeny and a high percentage of embryonic lethality, phenotypes that are not dependent on stress exposure and that are not shared with gtbp-1 mutants. Our data indicate that both GTBP-1 and PQN-59 contribute to stress granule formation but that PQN-59 is, in addition, required for C. elegans development.

Author summaryThe formation of so-called stress granules is an adaptive response that cells and organisms put into action to cope with changes in internal and environmental conditions and thus to survive to stressful conditions. Although it is generally thought that stress granule formation protects cells from stress-related damage, the exact role of stress granules in cells and organisms is not well understood. Moreover, the mechanisms governing stress granule assembly, and if and how the ability to form stress granules is important for C. elegans development is still unclear.

Our work focuses on two conserved proteins, known to be involved in stress granule assembly in mammalian cells, and investigates their role in C. elegans embryos. We find that these proteins are important but not essential to assemble stress-induced granules in C. elegans. We moreover did not observe a different sensitivity to stress exposure between wild-type and mutant developing embryos, suggesting that at least in these conditions these proteins do not exert a protective role.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Abbatemarco, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bondaz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwager, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammell, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gotta, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.16.440123</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The UBAP2L ortholog PQN-59 contributes to stress granule assembly and development in C. elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.21.440773v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AGO104 is an RdDM effector of paramutation at the maize b1 locus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.21.440773v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Paramutation is an exception among eukaryotes, in which epigenetic information is conserved through mitosis and meiosis. It has been studied for over 70 years in maize, but the mechanisms involved are largely unknown. Previously described actors of paramutation encode components of the RNA-dependent DNA-methylation (RdDM) pathway all involved in the biogenesis of 24-nt small RNAs. However, no actor of paramutation have been identified in the effector complex of RdDM. Here, through a combination of reverse genetics, immunolocalization and immunoprecipitation (siRNA-IP) we found that ARGONAUTE104 (AGO104), AGO105 and AGO119 are members of the RdDM effector complex in maize and bind siRNAs produced from the tandem repeats required for paramutation at the b1 locus. We also showed that AGO104 is an effector of the b1 paramutation in maize.

Author summaryReprogramming of epigenetic information has been described in both plants and mammals. Here, we show that maize ARGONAUTE (AGO) AGO104 and AGO105/AGO119, respectively the close homologs of A. thaliana AGO9 and AGO4, are required to enable paramutation at the b1 locus in maize. Paramutation is an epigenetic phenomenon that is stable over many generations (both mitotically and meiotically). A classic example is the booster1 (b1) gene in maize, where the weakly expressed Booster (B) allele stably decreases the expression of the Booster-Intense (B-I) allele, and changes it into a new B allele. This new B allele will in turn change B-I into new B in subsequent crosses. Previous research demonstrated that paramutation requires several proteins involved in the biosynthesis of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) all related to the RNA-dependent DNA-methylation (RdDM) pathway. Yet, few members of the RdDM were functionally identified in maize. Here, we identify two new members of the maize RdDM pathway, and provide evidence that they are also involved in paramutation at the b1 locus.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>AUBERT, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>BELLEGARDE, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>OLTEHUA-LOPEZ, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LEBLANC, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>ARTEAGA-VAZQUEZ, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MARTIENSSEN, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>GRIMANELLI, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.21.440773</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AGO104 is an RdDM effector of paramutation at the maize b1 locus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.28.441892v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ground tissue circuitry regulates organ complexity in cereal roots 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.28.441892v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most plant roots have multiple cortex layers that make up the bulk of the organ and play key roles in physiology, such as flood tolerance and symbiosis. However, little is known about the formation of cortical layers outside of the highly reduced anatomy of the model Arabidopsis. Here we use single-cell RNAseq to rapidly generate a cell resolution map of the maize root, revealing an alternative configuration of the tissue formative SHORT-ROOT (SHR) signaling pathway adjacent to an expanded cortex. We show that maize SHR protein is hypermobile, moving at least eight cell layers into the cortex. Higher-order SHR mutants in both maize and Setaria have reduced numbers of cortical layers, showing that the SHR pathway controls expansion of cortical tissue in grasses that sets up anatomical complexity and a host of key traits.

One sentence summarySingle-cell RNA-seq maps the maize root transcriptome uncovering a mechanism that regulates cortex layer number.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ortiz-Ramirez, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dias Araujo, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demesa-Arevalo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahni, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gingeras, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallagher, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birnbaum, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.28.441892</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ground tissue circuitry regulates organ complexity in cereal roots]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.29.441934v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
UBP12 and UBP13 deubiquitinases destabilize the CRY2 blue-light receptor to regulate growth 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.29.441934v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
All organisms undergo growth, which is precisely controlled by exogenous and endogenous signals. Unchecked growth often leads to neoplasia and other developmental defects, severely affecting an organisms fitness. Light is a vital exogenous signal sensed by cryptochrome (CRY) blue light receptors to modulate growth and the circadian clock in plants and animals. Yet, how CRYs interpret light quantity to regulate growth in plants remains poorly understood. We show that UBP12 and UBP13 deubiquitinases physically interact with CRY2 in light. UBP12/13 negatively regulated CRY2 protein levels by promoting its ubiquitination and turnover to fine-tune growth. Unexpectedly, the destabilization of CRY2 by UBP12/13 is contrary to the general view that deubiquitinases stabilize proteins by preventing their degradation. Growth and development were explicitly affected in blue light when UBP12/13 was disrupted or overexpressed, indicating their role alongside CRY2. UBP12/13 also interacted and stabilized COP1, which is partially required for the turnover of CRY2. Despite decades of studies on deubiquitinases, the knowledge on how they are regulated is limited. Our study offers an insight into how exogenous signals and their receptors regulate deubiquitinase activity by protein-protein interaction. Altogether, our results provide a new module of cryptochromes and deubiquitinases in sensing and interpreting light cues to control growth at the most appropriate time.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Noren Lindback, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Artz, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ackermann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pedmale, U. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.29.441934</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[UBP12 and UBP13 deubiquitinases destabilize the CRY2 blue-light receptor to regulate growth]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.05.442755v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
STARsolo: accurate, fast and versatile mapping/quantification of single-cell and single-nucleus RNA-seq data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.05.442755v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We present STARsolo, a comprehensive turnkey solution for quantifying gene expression in single-cell/nucleus RNA-seq data, built into RNA-seq aligner STAR. Using simulated data that closely resembles realistic scRNA-seq, we demonstrate that STARsolo is highly accurate and significantly outperforms pseudoalignment-to-transcriptome tools. STARsolo can replicate the results of, but is considerably faster than CellRanger, currently the most widely used tool for pre-processing scRNA-seq data. In addition to uniquely mapped reads, STARsolo takes account of multi-gene reads, necessary to detect certain classes of biologically important genes. It has a flexible cell barcode processing scheme, compatible with many established scRNA-seq protocols, and extendable to emerging technologies. STARsolo can quantify transcriptomic features beyond gene expression, which we illustrate by analyzing cell-type-specific alternative splicing in the Tabula Muris project.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kaminow, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yunusov, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.05.442755</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[STARsolo: accurate, fast and versatile mapping/quantification of single-cell and single-nucleus RNA-seq data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.09.443327v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The SCP4-STK35/PDIK1L complex is a dual phospho-catalytic signaling dependency in acute myeloid leukemia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.09.443327v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells rely on phospho-signaling pathways to gain unlimited proliferation potential. Here, we used domain-focused CRISPR screening to identify the nuclear phosphatase SCP4 as a dependency in AML, yet this enzyme is dispensable in normal hematopoietic progenitor cells. Using CRISPR exon scanning and gene complementation assays, we show that the catalytic function of SCP4 is essential in AML. Through mass spectrometry analysis of affinity-purified complexes, we identify the kinase paralogs STK35 and PDIK1L as binding partners and substrates of the SCP4 phosphatase domain. We show that STK35 and PDIK1L function catalytically and redundantly in the same pathway as SCP4 to maintain AML proliferation and to support amino acid biosynthesis and transport. We provide evidence that SCP4 regulates STK35/PDIK1L through two distinct mechanisms: catalytic removal of inhibitory phosphorylation and by promoting kinase stability. Our findings reveal a phosphatase-kinase signaling complex that supports the pathogenesis of AML.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Polyanskaya, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreno, R. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klingbeil, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demerdash, O. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benjamin, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiss, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vakoc, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.09.443327</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The SCP4-STK35/PDIK1L complex is a dual phospho-catalytic signaling dependency in acute myeloid leukemia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.12.443839v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatiotemporal 3D image registration for mesoscale studies of brain development. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.12.443839v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Comparison of brain samples representing different developmental stages often necessitates registering the samples to common coordinates. Although the available software tools are successful in registering 3D images of adult brains, registration of perinatal brains remains challenging due to rapid growth-dependent morphological changes and variations in developmental pace between animals. To address these challenges, we propose a multi-step algorithm for the registration of perinatal brains. First, we optimized image preprocessing to increase the algorithms sensitivity to mismatches in registered images. Second, we developed an attention-gated simulated annealing (Monte Carlo) procedure capable of focusing on the differences between perinatal brains. Third, we applied classical multidimensional scaling (CMDS) to align ("synchronize") brain samples in time, accounting for individual development paces. We tested this multi-step algorithm on 28 samples of whole-mounted perinatal mouse brains (P0 - P9) and observed accurate registration results. Our computational pipeline offers a runtime of several minutes per brain on a personal computer and automates brain registration tasks including mapping brain data to atlases, comparison of averaged experimental groups, and monitoring brain development dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shuvaev, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazutkin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiryanov, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anokhin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Enikolopov, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koulakov, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.12.443839</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatiotemporal 3D image registration for mesoscale studies of brain development.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.12.443929v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Wiring logic of the early rodent olfactory system revealed by high-throughput sequencing of single neuron projections 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.12.443929v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The structure of neuronal connectivity often provides insights into the relevant stimulus features, such as spatial location, orientation, sound frequency, etc1-6. The olfactory system, however, appears to lack structured connectivity as suggested by reports of broad and distributed connections both from the olfactory bulb to the piriform cortex7-22 and within the cortex23-25. These studies have inspired computational models of circuit function that rely on random connectivity26-33. It remains, nonetheless, unclear whether the olfactory connectivity contains spatial structure. Here, we use high throughput anatomical methods (MAPseq and BARseq)34-38 to analyze the projections of 5,309 bulb and 30,433 piriform cortex output neurons in the mouse at single-cell resolution. We identify previously unrecognized spatial organization in connectivity along the anterior-posterior axis (A-P) of the piriform cortex. We find that both the bulb projections to the cortex and the cortical outputs are not random, but rather form gradients along the A-P axis. Strikingly, these gradients are matched: bulb neurons targeting a given location within the piriform cortex co-innervate extra-piriform regions that receive strong inputs from neurons within that piriform locus. We also identify signatures of local connectivity in the piriform cortex. Our findings suggest an organizing principle of matched direct and indirect olfactory pathways that innervate extra-piriform targets in a coordinated manner, thus supporting models of information processing that rely on structured connectivity within the olfactory system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baserdem, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kebschull, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zador, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koulakov, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albeanu, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.12.443929</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Wiring logic of the early rodent olfactory system revealed by high-throughput sequencing of single neuron projections]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.14.444139v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PQN-59 antagonizes microRNA-mediated repression and functions in stress granule formation during C. elegans development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.14.444139v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
microRNAs (miRNAs) are potent regulators of gene expression that function in a variety of developmental and physiological processes by dampening the expression of their target genes at a post-transcriptional level. In many gene regulatory networks (GRNs), miRNAs function in a switch-like manner whereby their expression and activity elicit a transition from one stable pattern of gene expression to a distinct, equally stable pattern required to define a nascent cell fate. While the importance of miRNAs that function in this capacity are clear, we have less of an understanding of the cellular factors and mechanisms that ensure the robustness of this form of regulatory bistability. In a screen to identify suppressors of temporal patterning phenotypes that result from ineffective miRNA-mediated target repression during C. elegans development, we identified pqn-59, an ortholog of human UBAP2L, as a novel factor that antagonizes the activities of multiple heterochronic miRNAs. Specifically, we find that depletion of pqn-59 can restore normal development in animals with reduced miRNA activity. Importantly, inactivation of pqn-59 is not sufficient to bypass the requirement of these regulatory RNAs within the heterochronic GRN. The pqn-59 gene encodes an abundant, cytoplasmically localized and unstructured protein that harbors three essential "prion-like" domains. These domains exhibit LLPS properties in vitro and normally function to limit PQN-59 diffusion in the cytoplasm in vivo. Like human UBAP2L, PQN-59s localization becomes highly dynamic during stress conditions where it re-distributes to cytoplasmic stress granules and is important for their formation. Proteomic analysis of PQN-59 complexes from embryonic extracts indicates that PQN-59 and human UBAP2L interact with orthologous cellular components involved in RNA metabolism and promoting protein translation and that PQN-59 additionally interacts with proteins involved in transcription and intracellular transport. Finally, we demonstrate that pqn-59 depletion results in the stabilization of several mature miRNAs (including those involved in temporal patterning) without altering steady-state pre-miRNAs levels indicating that PQN-59 may ensure the bistability of some GRNs that require miRNA functions by promoting miRNA turnover and, like UBAP2L, enhancing protein translation.

AUTHOR SUMMARYBistability plays a central role in many gene regulatory networks (GRNs) that control developmental processes where distinct and mutually exclusive cell fates are generated in a defined order. While genetic analysis has identified a number of gene types that promote these transitions, we know little regarding the mechanisms and players that ensure these decisions are robust. and in many cases, irreversible. We leveraged the robust genetics and phenotypes associated with temporal patterning mutants of C. elegans to identify genes whose depletion would restore normal regulation in animals that express miRNA alleles that do not sufficiently down-regulate their targets. These efforts identified pqn-59, the C. elegans ortholog of the human UBAP2L gene. Like UBAP2L, PQN-59 likely forms a hub for a number of RNA/RNA-binding protein mediated processes in cells including translational activation and in the formation of stress granules in adverse environmental conditions. Finally, we also demonstrate that pqn-59 depletion stabilizes mature miRNA levels further connecting this new family of RNA-binding proteins to translation and miRNA-mediated gene regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hammell, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlston, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weinmann, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stec, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abbatemarco, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwager, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouyang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gotta, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.14.444139</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PQN-59 antagonizes microRNA-mediated repression and functions in stress granule formation during C. elegans development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.17.444464v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systematic characterization of short intronic splicing-regulatory elements 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.17.444464v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intronic splicing enhancers and silencers (ISEs and ISSs) are two groups of splicing-regulatory elements (SREs) that play critical roles in determining splice-site selection, particularly for alternatively spliced introns or exons. SREs are often short motifs; their mutation or dysregulation of their cognate proteins frequently causes aberrant splicing and results in disease. To date, however, knowledge about SRE sequences and how they regulate splicing remains limited. Here, using an SMN2 minigene, we generated a complete pentamer-sequence library that comprises all possible combinations of 5 nucleotides in intron 7, at a fixed site downstream of the 5' splice site. We systematically analyzed the effects of all 1023 mutant pentamers on exon 7 splicing, in comparison to the wild-type minigene, in HEK293 cells. Our data show that the majority of pentamers significantly affect exon 7 splicing: 584 of them are stimulatory and 230 are inhibitory. To identify actual SREs, we utilized a motif set enrichment analysis (MSEA), from which we identified groups of stimulatory and inhibitory SRE motifs. We experimentally validated several strong SREs in SMN1/2 and MAPT minigene settings. Our results provide a valuable resource for understanding how short RNA sequences regulate splicing. Many novel SREs can be explored further to elucidate their mechanism of action.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, K.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krainer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hua, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.17.444464</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systematic characterization of short intronic splicing-regulatory elements]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.17.444537v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Attentional modulation of intrinsic timescales in visual cortex and spatial networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.17.444537v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intrinsic timescales characterize dynamics of endogenous fluctuations in neural activity. Variation of intrinsic timescales across the neocortex reflects functional specialization of cortical areas, but less is known about how intrinsic timescales change during cognitive tasks. We measured intrinsic timescales of local spiking activity within columns of area V4 while monkeys performed spatial attention tasks. The ongoing spiking activity unfolded across at least two distinct timescales, fast and slow. The slow timescale increased when monkeys attended to the receptive fields location and correlated with reaction times. By evaluating predictions of several network models, we found that spatiotemporal correlations in V4 activity were best explained by the model in which multiple timescales arise from recurrent interactions shaped by spatially arranged connectivity, and attentional modulation of timescales results from an increase in the efficacy of recurrent interactions. Our results suggest that multiple timescales arise from the spatial connectivity in the visual cortex and flexibly change with the cognitive state due to dynamic effective interactions between neurons.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zeraati, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinmetz, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gieselmann, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thiele, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levina, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engel, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.17.444537</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Attentional modulation of intrinsic timescales in visual cortex and spatial networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.19.444854v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The cellular architecture of microvessels, pericytes and neuronal cell types in organizing regional brain energy homeostasis in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.19.444854v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cerebrovasculature and its mural cells must meet dynamic energy demands of different neuronal cell types across the brain, but their spatial relationship is largely unknown. Here, we apply brain-wide mapping methods to create a comprehensive cellular-resolution resource comprising the distribution of and quantitative relationship between cerebrovasculature, pericytes, and glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons, including neuronal nitric oxide synthase-positive (nNOS+) neurons and their subtypes, as well as simulation-ready vascular tracing data in mice. We discover strikingly high densities of vasculature and pericytes with high blood perfusion in primary motor-sensory cortices compared to association cortices that show significant positive and negative correlation with parvalbumin+ and nNOS+ neurons, respectively. Thalamo-striatal areas linked to primary motor-sensory cortices also contain high densities of vasculature and pericytes compared to association areas. Collectively, our results unveil a finely tuned spatial relationship between cerebrovascular network and neuronal cell composition in meeting regional energy needs of the brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.-t.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, H. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chon, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanselow, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munoz-Castaneda, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osten, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drew, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.19.444854</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The cellular architecture of microvessels, pericytes and neuronal cell types in organizing regional brain energy homeostasis in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.23.445333v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Prevalent and Dynamic Binding of the Cell Cycle Checkpoint Kinase Rad53 to Gene Promoters 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.23.445333v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Replication of the genome must be coordinated with gene transcription and cellular metabolism, especially following replication stress in the presence of limiting deoxyribonucleotides. The S. cerevisiae Rad53 (CHEK2 in mammals) checkpoint kinase plays a major role in cellular responses to DNA replication stress. Cell cycle regulated, genome-wide binding of Rad53 to chromatin was examined. Under replication stress, the kinase bound to sites of active DNA replication initiation and fork progression, but unexpectedly to the promoters of about 20% of genes encoding proteins involved in multiple cellular functions. Rad53 promoter binding correlated with changes in expression of a subset of genes. Rad53 promoter binding to certain genes was influenced by sequence-specific transcription factors and less by checkpoint signaling. However, in checkpoint mutants, untimely activation of late-replicating origins reduces the transcription of nearby genes, with concomitant localization of Rad53 to their gene bodies. We suggest that the Rad53 checkpoint kinase coordinates genome-wide replication and transcription under replication stress conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sheu, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawaguchi, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stillman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.23.445333</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Prevalent and Dynamic Binding of the Cell Cycle Checkpoint Kinase Rad53 to Gene Promoters]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.25.445633v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sorghum Root Epigenetic Landscape During Limiting Phosphorus Conditions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.25.445633v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Efficient acquisition and use of available phosphorus from the soil is crucial for plant growth, development, and yield. With an ever-increasing acreage of croplands with suboptimal available soil phosphorus, genetic improvement of sorghum germplasm for enhanced phosphorus acquisition from soil is crucial to increasing agricultural output and reducing inputs, while confronted with a growing world population and uncertain climate. Sorghum bicolor is a globally important commodity for food, fodder, and forage. Known for robust tolerance to heat, drought, and other abiotic stresses, its capacity for optimal phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) is still being investigated for optimized root system architectures (RSA). Whilst a few RSA-influencing genes have been identified in sorghum and other grasses, the epigenetic impact on expression and tissue-specific activation of candidate PUE genes remains elusive. Here, we present transcriptomic, epigenetic, and regulatory network profiling of RSA modulation in the BTx623 sorghum background in response to limiting phosphorus (LP) conditions. We show that during LP, sorghum RSA is remodeled to increase root length and surface area, likely enhancing its ability to acquire P. Global DNA 5-methylcytosine and H3K4 and H3K27 trimethylation levels decrease in response to LP, while H3K4me3 peaks and DNA hypomethylated regions contain recognition motifs of numerous developmental and nutrient responsive transcription factors that display disparate expression patterns between different root tissues (primary root apex, elongation zone, and lateral root apex). Suggesting that epigenetic shifts during growth on LP results in targeted gene expression in a tissue-specific manner that optimizes the RSA for improved P uptake.

SummaryIn response to low P, epigenetic and transcriptional changes stimulate lateral root growth in Sorghum bicolor BTx623, increasing the root surface area for enhanced "mining" of P from the soil.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gladman, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hufnagel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Regulski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chougule, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kochian, L. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magalhaes, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ware, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.25.445633</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sorghum Root Epigenetic Landscape During Limiting Phosphorus Conditions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.30.446350v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The genetic and epigenetic landscape of the Arabidopsis centromeres 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.30.446350v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Centromeres attach chromosomes to spindle microtubules during cell division and, despite this conserved role, show paradoxically rapid evolution and are typified by complex repeats. We used ultra-long-read sequencing to generate the Col-CEN Arabidopsis thaliana genome assembly that resolves all five centromeres. The centromeres consist of megabase-scale tandemly repeated satellite arrays, which support high CENH3 occupancy and are densely DNA methylated, with satellite variants private to each chromosome. CENH3 preferentially occupies satellites with least divergence and greatest higher-order repetition. The centromeres are invaded by ATHILA retrotransposons, which disrupt genetic and epigenetic organization of the centromeres. Crossover recombination is suppressed within the centromeres, yet low levels of meiotic DSBs occur that are regulated by DNA methylation. We propose that Arabidopsis centromeres are evolving via cycles of satellite homogenization and retrotransposon-driven diversification.

One-sentence summaryLong read sequencing and assembly of the Arabidopsis centromeres reveals their genetic and epigenetic topography.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Naish, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alonge, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wlodzimierz, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tock, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abramson, B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lambing, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yelina, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartwick, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colt, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kakutani, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martienssen, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bousios, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael, T. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schatz, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henderson, I. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.30.446350</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The genetic and epigenetic landscape of the Arabidopsis centromeres]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.01.446243v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide identification and analysis of prognostic features in human cancers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.01.446243v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Clinical decisions in cancer rely on precisely assessing patient risk. To improve our ability to accurately identify the most aggressive malignancies, we constructed genome-wide survival models using gene expression, copy number, methylation, and mutation data from 10,884 patients with known clinical outcomes. We identified more than 100,000 significant prognostic biomarkers and demonstrate that these genomic features can predict patient outcomes in clinically-ambiguous situations. While adverse biomarkers are commonly believed to represent cancer driver genes and promising therapeutic targets, we show that cancer features associated with shorter survival times are not enriched for either oncogenes or for successful drug targets. Instead, the strongest adverse biomarkers represent widely-expressed housekeeping genes with roles in cell cycle progression, and, correspondingly, nearly all therapies directed against these features have failed in clinical trials. In total, our analysis establishes a rich resource for prognostic biomarker analysis and clarifies the use of patient survival data in preclinical cancer research and therapeutic development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Smith, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheltzer, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.01.446243</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide identification and analysis of prognostic features in human cancers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.01.446616v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Building Back More Equitable STEM Education: Teach Science by Engaging Students in Doing Science 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.01.446616v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The COVID-19 pandemic is a national tragedy, one that has focused our attention on both the need to improve science education and the need to confront systemic racism in our country. We know that active learning strategies, in particular research experiences, can engage and empower STEM undergraduates, effectively closing the achievement gap for historically excluded persons. The apprenticeship model for STEM training - supervised research under a dedicated mentor - is highly effective, but out of reach for most students. Recent efforts have demonstrated that Course-based Undergraduate Research Experiences (CUREs) can be an effective approach for making STEM research accessible for all. Our meta-analysis of CUREs finds that published examples now cover the breadth of the typical undergraduate biology curriculum. A thoughtfully designed CURE can go beyond foundational knowledge and analytical thinking to include career-related skills, e.g., teamwork and communication. Similarly, it can be designed with equity as a foundational principle, taking into account the unique contributions of all students and their varying needs. We provide here an example framework (The "Do Science Framework") for making STEM training more effective and inclusive using CUREs. While CUREs do not inherently address equity, there can be no equity in STEM education without equal access to research participation, and progress toward this goal can be achieved using CUREs. However, implementing new CUREs is not a trivial undertaking, particularly at schools with high teaching loads and little or no research infrastructure, including many community colleges. We therefore propose a National Center for Science Engagement to support this transition, building on experiences of current nationally established CUREs as well as the work of many individual faculty. In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, academia has a renewed responsibility to dismantle structural inequities in education; engaging all STEM students in research can be a key step.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Elgin, S. C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hays, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mingo, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaffer, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.01.446616</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Building Back More Equitable STEM Education: Teach Science by Engaging Students in Doing Science]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.01.446647v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A multiple genome alignment workflow shows the impact of repeat masking and parameter tuning on alignment of functional regions in plants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.01.446647v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alignments of multiple genomes are a cornerstone of comparative genomics, but generating these alignments remains technically challenging and often impractical. We developed the msa_pipeline workflow (https://bitbucket.org/bucklerlab/msa_pipeline) based on the LAST aligner to allow practical and sensitive multiple alignment of diverged plant genomes with minimal user inputs. Our workflow only requires a set of genomes in FASTA format as input. The workflow outputs multiple alignments in MAF format, and includes utilities to help calculate genome-wide conservation scores. As high repeat content and genomic divergence are substantial challenges in plant genome alignment, we also explored the impact of different masking approaches and alignment parameters using genome assemblies of 33 grass species. Compared to conventional masking with RepeatMasker, a k-mer masking approach increased the alignment rate of CDS and non-coding functional regions by 25% and 14% respectively. We further found that default alignment parameters generally perform well, but parameter tuning can increase the alignment rate for non-coding functional regions by over 52% compared to default LAST settings. Finally, by increasing alignment sensitivity from the default baseline, parameter tuning can increase the number of non-coding sites that can be scored for conservation by over 76%.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romay, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stitzer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siepel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buckler, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheben, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.01.446647</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A multiple genome alignment workflow shows the impact of repeat masking and parameter tuning on alignment of functional regions in plants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.01.446656v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Shade-induced WRKY transcription factors restrict root growth during the shade avoidance response 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.01.446656v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Shade-intolerant plants rapidly elongate their stems, branches, and leaf stalks to compete with their neighboring vegetation to maximize sunlight capture for photosynthesis. This rapid growth adaptation, known as the shade avoidance response (SAR), comes at a cost; reduced biomass, crop yield, and root growth. Significant progress has been made on the mechanistic understanding of hypocotyl elongation during SAR; however, the molecular account of how root growth is repressed is not well understood. Here, we explore the mechanisms by which low red:far-red induced SAR restrict the primary and lateral root (LR) growth. By analyzing whole-genome transcriptome, we identified a core set of shade-induced genes in the roots of Arabidopsis and tomato seedlings grown in the shade. Abiotic and biotic stressors also induce many of these shade-induced genes and are predominantly regulated by the WRKY transcription factors. Correspondingly, a majority of the WRKYs were also among the shade-induced genes. Functional analysis using transgenics of these shade-induced WRKYs revealed their role is essentially to restrict primary root and LR growth in the shade, and captivatingly, they did not affect hypocotyl elongation. Similarly, we also show that ethylene hormone signaling is necessary to limit root growth in the shade. Our study proposes that during SAR, shade-induced WRKY26, 45, and 75, and ethylene reprogram gene expression in the root to restrict its growth and development. The reduced growth of root organs helps the plant divert its critical resources to the elongating organs in the shoot to ensure competitiveness under limiting photosynthetic radiation.

One sentence summaryShade represses root growth by inducing WRKY transcription factors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rosado, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ackermann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spassibojko, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rossi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pedmale, U. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.01.446656</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Shade-induced WRKY transcription factors restrict root growth during the shade avoidance response]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.04.447156v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Combustible and electronic cigarette exposures increase ACE2 activity and SARS-CoV-2 Spike binding 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.04.447156v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has extensively impacted global health. The causative pathogen, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, a transmembrane metallo-carboxypeptidase that is expressed in both membrane-anchored (mACE2) and soluble (sACE2) forms in the lung. Tobacco use has been speculated as a vulnerability factor for contracting SARS-CoV-2 infection and subsequent disease severity, whilst electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have been shown to induce harmful proteomic and immune changes in the lungs of vapers. We therefore tested the hypothesis that combustible tobacco (e.g. cigarettes) and non-combustible e-cigarettes could affect ACE2 activity and subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection. We observed that sACE2 activity was significantly higher in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from both smokers and vapers compared to age-matched non-smokers. Exposure to cigarette smoke increased ACE2 levels, mACE2 activity, and sACE2 in primary bronchial epithelial cultures. Finally, treatment with either cigarette smoke condensate or JUUL e-liquid increased infections with a spike-coated SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus. Overall, these observations suggest that tobacco product use elevates ACE2 activity and increases the potential for SARS-CoV-2 infection through enhanced spike protein binding.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Girish, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coakley, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sausville, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasudevan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chait, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheltzer, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tarran, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.04.447156</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Combustible and electronic cigarette exposures increase ACE2 activity and SARS-CoV-2 Spike binding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.06.447271v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative Analysis of Sorghum EMS Mutants and Natural Populations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.06.447271v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To build a large-scale genomic resource for functional validation of sorghum genes through EMS-mutagenized BTx623 seeds, we deep sequenced (30-60X) an additional 445 phenotyped EMS mutant lines. 4.2 million EMS mutations are called with nearly 36,800 mutations that could have a disruptive effect on functions of over 15,500 genes. Combining variants carried by both the natural population and previous EMS efforts, over 69% of sorghum coding genes (23644) are now presented with one or more mutations that are, or are predicted to be, disruptive to their functions. Our results show that the EMS population carries more significant mutations but less in each sample than the natural population, which makes it more powerful in elucidating sorghum gene functions on a large scale and requiring less work in validation of candidate causal genes. We have made the data available through two ways, one is the integration with the BSAseq workflow that supports retrieving independent EMS samples carrying the same genes with significant mutation for complementary testing, and the other is a web application for directly querying genes with significant mutations on SciApps.org.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.06.447271</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative Analysis of Sorghum EMS Mutants and Natural Populations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.17.448790v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Alzheimer's disease-associated P460L mutation in ephrin receptor type A1 (EphA1) leads to dysregulated Rho-GTPase signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.17.448790v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recently, late onset AD (LOAD) genome-wide association studies identified EphA1, a member of receptor tyrosine kinase family (RTK) as a disease associated loci. In the follow-up study where 3 independent LOAD cohorts were performed, a P460L coding mutation in EphA1 loci showed a significant association with LOAD. However, the role of EphA1 and P460L mutant EphA1 in AD is not fully understood. We have characterized this mutation biophysically and biochemically. Our structural in silico model and in vitro biochemical analysis demonstrate that EphA1-P460L mutation makes the receptor constitutively active suggesting a gain-of-toxic function leading to chronic EphA1 signaling in the brain. Moreover, we report that the EphA1 P460L variant triggers Rho-GTPase signaling dysregulation that could potentially contribute to spine morphology abnormalities and synaptic dysfunction observed in AD pathology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lasso, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vardarajan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santa-Maria, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lefort, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.17.448790</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Alzheimer's disease-associated P460L mutation in ephrin receptor type A1 (EphA1) leads to dysregulated Rho-GTPase signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.18.449005v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extensive protein dosage compensation in aneuploid human cancers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.18.449005v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aneuploidy is a hallmark of human cancers, but the effects of aneuploidy on protein expression remain poorly understood. To uncover how chromosome copy number changes influence the cancer proteome, we have conducted an analysis of hundreds of human cancer cell lines with matched copy number, RNA expression, and protein expression data. We found that a majority of proteins exhibit dosage compensation and fail to change by the degree expected based on chromosome copy number alone. We uncovered a variety of gene groups that were recurrently buffered upon both chromosome gain and loss, including protein complex subunits and cell cycle genes. Several genetic and biophysical factors were predictive of protein buffering, highlighting complex post-translational regulatory mechanisms that maintain appropriate gene product dosage. Finally, we established that chromosomal aneuploidy has an unexpectedly moderate effect on the expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressors, demonstrating that these key cancer drivers can be subject to dosage compensation as well. In total, our comprehensive analysis of aneuploidy and dosage compensation across cancers will help identify the key driver genes encoded on altered chromosomes and will shed light on the overall consequences of aneuploidy during tumor development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schukken, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheltzer, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.18.449005</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extensive protein dosage compensation in aneuploid human cancers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.22.449427v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SIA: Selection Inference Using the Ancestral Recombination Graph 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.22.449427v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Detecting signals of selection from genomic data is a central problem in population genetics. Coupling the rich information in the ancestral recombination graph (ARG) with a powerful and scalable deep learning framework, we developed a novel method to detect and quantify positive selection: Selection Inference using the Ancestral recombination graph (SIA). Built on a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) architecture, a particular type of a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), SIA can be trained to explicitly infer a full range of selection coefficients, as well as the allele frequency trajectory and time of selection onset. We benchmarked SIA extensively on simulations under a European human demographic model, and found that it performs as well or better as some of the best available methods, including state-of-the-art machine-learning and ARG-based methods. In addition, we used SIA to estimate selection coefficients at several loci associated with human phenotypes of interest. SIA detected novel signals of selection particular to the European (CEU) population at the MC1R and ABCC11 loci. In addition, it recapitulated signals of selection at the LCT locus and several pigmentation-related genes. Finally, we reanalyzed polymorphism data of a collection of recently radiated southern capuchino seedeater taxa in the genus Sporophila to quantify the strength of selection and improved the power of our previous methods to detect partial soft sweeps. Overall, SIA uses deep learning to leverage the ARG and thereby provides new insight into how selective sweeps shape genomic diversity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hejase, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campagna, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siepel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.22.449427</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SIA: Selection Inference Using the Ancestral Recombination Graph]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.13.452144v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gene-Specific Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay Targeting for Cystic Fibrosis Therapy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.13.452144v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Low CFTR mRNA expression due to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a major hurdle in developing a therapy for cystic fibrosis (CF) caused by the W1282X mutation in the CFTR gene. CFTR-W1282X truncated protein retains partial function, so increasing its levels by inhibiting NMD of its mRNA will likely be beneficial. Because NMD regulates the normal expression of many genes, gene-specific stabilization of CFTR-W1282X mRNA expression is more desirable than general NMD inhibition. Synthetic antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) designed to prevent binding of exon junction complexes (EJC) downstream of premature termination codons (PTCs) attenuate NMD in a gene-specific manner. We developed a cocktail of three ASOs that specifically increases the expression of CFTR W1282X mRNA and CFTR protein in ASO-transfected human bronchial epithelial cells. This treatment increased the CFTR-mediated chloride current. These results set the stage for clinical development of an allele-specific therapy for CF caused by the W1282X mutation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nomakuchi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papaleonidopoulou, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krainer, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.13.452144</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gene-Specific Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay Targeting for Cystic Fibrosis Therapy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.13.452181v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Designing Interpretable Convolution-Based Hybrid Networks for Genomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.13.452181v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hybrid networks that build upon convolutional layers with attention mechanisms have demon-strated improved performance relative to pure convolutional networks across many regulatory genome analysis tasks. Their inductive bias to learn long-range interactions provides an avenue to identify learned motif-motif interactions. For attention maps to be interpretable, the convolutional layer(s) must learn identifiable motifs. Here we systematically investigate the extent that architectural choices in convolution-based hybrid networks influence learned motif representations in first layer filters, as well as the reliability of their attribution maps generated by saliency analysis. We find that design principles previously identified in standard convolutional networks also generalize to hybrid networks. This work provides an avenue to narrow the spectrum of architectural choices when designing hybrid networks such that they are amenable to commonly used interpretability methods in genomics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ghotra, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tripathy, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koo, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.13.452181</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Designing Interpretable Convolution-Based Hybrid Networks for Genomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.02.454639v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeted in silico characterization of fusion transcripts in tumor and normal tissues via FusionInspector 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.02.454639v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationGene fusions play a key role as driver oncogenes in tumors, and their reliable discovery and detection are important for cancer research, diagnostics, prognostics and guiding personalized therapy. While discovering gene fusions from genome sequencing can be laborious and costly, the resulting "fusion transcripts" can be recovered from RNA-seq data of tumor and normal samples. However, alleged and putative fusion transcripts can also arise from multiple sources other than chromosomal rearrangements, including cis- or trans-splicing events, experimental artifacts during RNA-seq or computational errors of transcriptome reconstruction methods. Understanding how to discern, interpret, categorize, and verify predicted fusion transcripts is essential for consideration in clinical settings and prioritization for further research.

SummaryHere, we present FusionInspector for in silico characterization and interpretation of candidate fusion transcripts from RNA-seq and exploration of their sequence and expression characteristics. We applied FusionInspector to thousands of tumor and normal transcriptomes, and identified statistical and experimental features enriched among biologically impactful fusions. Through clustering and machine learning, we identified large collections of fusions potentially relevant to tumor and normal biological processes. We show that biologically relevant fusions are enriched for relatively high expression of the fusion transcript, imbalanced fusion allelic ratios, and canonical splicing patterns, and are deficient in sequence microhomologies detected between partner genes. We demonstrate that FusionInspector accurately validates fusion transcripts in silico, and helps identify and characterize numerous understudied fusions in tumor and normal tissues samples. FusionInspector is freely available as open source for screening, characterization, and visualization of candidate fusions via RNA-seq, and helps with transparent explanation and interpretation of machine learning predictions and their experimental sources.

HighlightsO_LIFusionInspector software for supervised analysis of candidate fusion transcripts
C_LIO_LIClustering of recurrent fusion transcripts resolves biologically relevant fusions
C_LIO_LIIdentification of distinguishing characteristics of known and novel fusion transcripts in tumor and normal tissues
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Haas, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghandi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Arsdale, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tickle, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilliani, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kasif, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Regev, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.02.454639</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeted in silico characterization of fusion transcripts in tumor and normal tissues via FusionInspector]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.03.454970v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neurotensin neurons in the central extended amygdala control energy balance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.03.454970v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Overeating and a sedentary life style are major causes of obesity and related metabolic disorders. Identification of the neurobiological processes that regulate energy balance will facilitate development of interventions for these disorders. Here we show that the Neurotensin-expressing neurons in the mouse IPAC (IPACNts), a nucleus of the central extended amygdala, bidirectionally coordinate hedonic feeding and physical activity, thereby regulating energy balance, metabolic processes and bodyweight. IPACNts are preferentially activated by consumption of highly palatable food or exposure to its taste and smell. Activating IPACNts promotes food intake in a palatability-dependent manner and decreases locomotion. Conversely, inhibiting IPACNts selectively reduces palatable food intake and dramatically enhances physical activity and energy expenditure, and in parallel stimulates physiological responses that oppose diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysfunctions. Thus, a single neuronal population, Neurotensin-expressing neurons in the IPAC, acts to control obesogenic and leptogenic processes by synergistically coordinating energy intake and expenditure with metabolism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Furlan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corona, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyle, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubino, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Habel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gablenz, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giovanniello, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beyaz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janowitz, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shea, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.03.454970</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neurotensin neurons in the central extended amygdala control energy balance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/203612v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
microRNA-triggered transposon small RNAs mediate genome dosage response 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/203612v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromosome dosage plays a significant role in reproductive isolation and speciation in both plants and animals, but underlying mechanisms are largely obscure1. Transposable elements can promote hybridity through maternal small RNA2, and have been postulated to regulate dosage response via neighboring imprinted genes3,4. Here, we show that a highly conserved microRNA in plants, miR845, targets the tRNAMet primer-binding site (PBS) of LTR-retrotransposons in Arabidopsis pollen, and triggers the accumulation of 21 to 22-nucleotide small RNA in a dose dependent fashion via RNA polymerase IV. We show that these epigenetically activated small-interfering RNAs (easiRNAs) mediate hybridization barriers between diploid seed parents and tetraploid pollen parents ("the triploid block"), and that natural variation for miR845 may account for "endosperm balance" allowing formation of triploid seeds. Targeting the PBS with small RNA is a common mechanism for transposon control in mammals and plants, and provides a uniquely sensitive means to monitor chromosome dosage and imprinting in the developing seed.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Borges, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parent, J.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Ex, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolff, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kohler, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martienssen, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/203612</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[microRNA-triggered transposon small RNAs mediate genome dosage response]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/203984v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Combining CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis and a small-molecule inhibitor to probe the function of MELK in cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/203984v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Maternal Embryonic Leucine Zipper Kinase (MELK) has been identified as a promising therapeutic target in multiple cancer types. MELK over-expression is associated with aggressive disease, and MELK has been implicated in numerous cancer-related processes, including chemotherapy resistance, stem cell renewal, and tumor growth. On the basis of these findings, a MELK inhibitor is currently being tested in several clinical trials. Here, we report that cancer cell lines harboring CRISPR/Cas9-induced null mutations in MELK exhibit wild-type growth in vitro, under environmental stress, in the presence of multiple chemotherapy agents, and in vivo. By combining our MELK-knockout clones with a recently-described, highly-specific MELK inhibitor, we further demonstrate that the acute inhibition of MELK results in no specific anti-proliferative phenotype. Analysis of gene expression data from cohorts of cancer patients identifies MELK expression as a correlate of tumor mitotic activity, explaining its association with poor clinical prognosis. In total, our results demonstrate the power of CRISPR/Cas9-based genetic approaches to investigate cancer drug targets, and call into question the rationale for treating patients with anti-MELK monotherapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Giuliano, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palladino, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheltzer, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/203984</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Combining CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis and a small-molecule inhibitor to probe the function of MELK in cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/204420v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Barriers to Integration of Bioinformatics into Undergraduate Life Sciences Education 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/204420v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bioinformatics, a discipline that combines aspects of biology, statistics, and computer science, is increasingly important for biological research. However, bioinformatics instruction is rarely integrated into life sciences curricula at the undergraduate level. To understand why, the Network for Integrating Bioinformatics into Life Sciences Education (NIBLSE, "nibbles") recently undertook an extensive survey of life sciences faculty in the United States. The survey responses to open-ended questions about barriers to integration were subjected to keyword analysis. The barrier most frequently reported by the ~1,260 respondents was lack of faculty training. Faculty at associates-granting institutions report the least training in bioinformatics and the least integration of bioinformatics into their teaching. Faculty from underrepresented minority groups (URMs) in STEM reported training barriers at a higher rate than others, although the number of URM respondents was small. Interestingly, the cohort of faculty with the most recently awarded PhD degrees reported the most training but were teaching bioinformatics at a lower rate than faculty who earned their degrees in previous decades. Other barriers reported included lack of student interest in bioinformatics; lack of student preparation in mathematics, statistics, and computer science; already overly full curricula; and limited access to resources, including hardware, software, and vetted teaching materials. The results of the survey, the largest to date on bioinformatics education, will guide efforts to further integrate bioinformatics instruction into undergraduate life sciences education.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Williams, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drew, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galindo-Gonzalez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dinsdale, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morgan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Triplett, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burnette, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donovan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elgin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fowlks, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grandgenett, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goller, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hauser, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jungck, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pearson, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryder, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson Sayres, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sierk, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tosado-Acevedo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tapprich, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tobin, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toro-Martinez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welch, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ebenbach, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McWilliams, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenwald, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pauley, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/204420</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Barriers to Integration of Bioinformatics into Undergraduate Life Sciences Education]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/206383v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Allosteric activation dictates PRC2 activity independent of its recruitment to chromatin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/206383v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PRC2 is a therapeutic target for several types of cancers currently undergoing clinical trials. Its activity is regulated by a positive feedback loop whereby its terminal enzymatic product, H3K27me3, is specifically recognized and bound by an aromatic cage present in its EED subunit. The ensuing allosteric activation of the complex stimulates H3K27me3 deposition on chromatin. Here, we report a step-wise feedback mechanism entailing key residues within distinctive interfacing motifs of EZH2 or EED that are found mutated in cancers and/or Weaver syndrome. PRC2 harboring these EZH2 or EED mutants manifest little activity in vivo but, unexpectedly, exhibited similar chromatin association as wild-type PRC2, indicating an uncoupling of PRC2 activity and recruitment. With genetic and chemical tools, we further demonstrated that targeting allosteric activation overrode the gain-of-function effect of EZH2Y646X oncogenic mutations. These results revealed critical implications to the regulation and biology of PRC2 and a novel vulnerability in tackling PRC2-addicted cancers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaneko, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamilton, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reinberg, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/206383</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Allosteric activation dictates PRC2 activity independent of its recruitment to chromatin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/213462v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell sequencing reveals αβ chain pairing shapes the T cell repertoire 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/213462v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A diverse T cell repertoire is a critical component of the adaptive immune system, providing protection against invading pathogens and neoplastic changes, relying on the recognition of foreign antigens and neoantigen peptides by T cell receptors (TCRs). However, the statistical properties and function of the T cell pool in an individual, under normal physiological conditions, are poorly understood. In this study, we report a comprehensive, quantitative characterization of the T cell repertoire from over 1.9 million cells, yielding over 200,000 high quality paired {beta} sequences in 5 healthy human subjects. The dataset was obtained by leveraging recent biotechnology developments in deep RNA sequencing of lymphocytes via single-cell barcoding in emulsion. We report non-random associations and non-monogamous pairing between the  and {beta} chains, lowering the theoretical diversity of the T cell repertoire, and increasing the frequency of public clones shared among individuals. T cell clone size distributions closely followed a power law, with markedly longer tails for CD8+ cytotoxic T cells than CD4+ helper T cells. Furthermore, clonality estimates based on paired chains from single T cells were lower than that from single chain data. Taken together, these results highlight the importance of sequencing {beta} pairs to accurately quantify lymphocyte receptor diversity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Grigaityte, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldfless, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeffery, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hause, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koppstein, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Briggs, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Church, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vigneault, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atwal, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/213462</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell sequencing reveals αβ chain pairing shapes the T cell repertoire]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/219485v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic Single Neuron Anatomy reveals fine granularity of cortical interneuron subtypes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/219485v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Parsing diverse nerve cells into biological types is necessary for understanding neural circuit organization. Morphology is an intuitive criterion for neuronal classification and a proxy of connectivity, but morphological diversity and variability often preclude resolving the granularity of discrete cell groups from population continuum. Combining genetic labeling with high-resolution, large volume light microscopy, we established a platform of genetic single neuron anatomy that resolves, registers and quantifies complete neuron morphologies in the mouse brain. We discovered that cortical axo-axonic cells (AACs), a cardinal GABAergic interneuron type that controls pyramidal neuron (PyN) spiking at axon initial segment, consist of multiple subtypes distinguished by laminar position, dendritic and axonal arborization patterns. Whereas the laminar arrangements of AAC dendrites reflect differential recruitment by input streams, the laminar distribution and local geometry of AAC axons enable differential innervation of PyN ensembles. Therefore, interneuron types likely consist of fine-grained subtypes with distinct input-output connectivity patterns.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tucciarone, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.-s.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akram, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ascoli, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitra, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/219485</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic Single Neuron Anatomy reveals fine granularity of cortical interneuron subtypes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/220681v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The fractured landscape of RNA-seq alignment: The default in our STARs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/220681v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many tools are available for RNA-seq alignment and expression quantification, with comparative value being hard to establish. Benchmarking assessments often highlight methods good performance, but are focused on either model data or fail to explain variation in performance. This leaves us to ask, what is the most meaningful way to assess different alignment choices? And importantly, where is there room for progress? In this work, we explore the answers to these two questions by performing an exhaustive assessment of the STAR aligner. We assess STARs performance across a range of alignment parameters using common metrics, and then on biologically focused tasks. We find technical metrics such as fraction mapping or expression profile correlation to be uninformative, capturing properties unlikely to have any role in biological discovery. Surprisingly, we find that changes in alignment parameters within a wide range have little impact on both technical and biological performance. Yet, when performance finally does break, it happens in difficult regions, such as X-Y paralogs and MHC genes. We believe improved reporting by developers will help establish where results are likely to be robust or fragile, providing a better baseline to establish where methodological progress can still occur.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ballouz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gingeras, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/220681</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The fractured landscape of RNA-seq alignment: The default in our STARs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/229252v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Accurate estimation of neural population dynamics without spike sorting 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/229252v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A central goal of systems neuroscience is to relate an organisms neural activity to behavior. Neural population analysis often begins by reducing the dimensionality of the data to focus on the patterns most relevant to a given task. A major practical hurdle to data analysis is spike sorting, and this problem is growing rapidly as the number of neurons measured increases. Here, we investigate whether spike sorting is necessary to estimate neural dynamics. The theory of random projections suggests that we can accurately estimate the geometry of low-dimensional manifolds from a small number of linear projections of the data. We re-analyzed data from three previous studies and found that neural dynamics and scientific conclusions are quite similar using multi-unit threshold crossings in place of sorted neurons. This finding unlocks existing data for new analyses and informs the design and use of new electrode arrays for laboratory and clinical use.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Trautmann, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stavisky, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lahiri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ames, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ganguli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shenoy, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/229252</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Accurate estimation of neural population dynamics without spike sorting]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/232645v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Physical epistatic landscape of antibody binding affinity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/232645v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Affinity maturation produces antibodies that bind antigens with high specificity by accumulating mutations in the antibody sequence. Mapping out the antibody-antigen affinity landscape can give us insight into the accessible paths during this rapid evolutionary process. By developing a carefully controlled null model for noninteracting mutations, we characterized epistasis in affinity measurements of a large library of antibody variants obtained by Tite-Seq, a recently introduced Deep Mutational Scan method yielding physical values of the binding constant. We show that representing affinity as the binding free energy minimizes epistasis. Yet, we find that epistatically interacting sites contribute substantially to binding. In addition to negative epistasis, we report a large amount of beneficial epistasis, enlarging the space of high-affinity antibodies as well as their mutational accessibility. These properties suggest that the degeneracy of antibody sequences that can bind a given antigen is enhanced by epistasis -- an important property for vaccine design.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Adams, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinney, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walczak, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mora, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/232645</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Physical epistatic landscape of antibody binding affinity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/234906v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Macrophage-derived granulin drives resistance to immune checkpoint inhibition in metastatic pancreatic cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/234906v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ability of disseminated cancer cells to evade the immune response is a critical step for efficient metastatic progression. Protection against an immune attack is often provided by the tumour microenvironment that suppresses and/or excludes cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive metastatic disease with unmet needs, yet the immuno-protective role of the metastatic tumour microenvironment in pancreatic cancer is not completely understood. In this study we find that macrophage-derived granulin contributes to cytotoxic CD8+ T cell exclusion in metastatic livers. Mechanistically, we find that granulin expression by macrophages is induced in response to colony stimulating factor-1. Genetic depletion of granulin reduces the formation a fibrotic stroma, thereby allowing T cell entry at the metastatic site. While metastatic PDAC tumours are largely resistant to anti-PD-1 therapy, blockade of PD-1 in granulin depleted tumours restored the anti-tumour immune defence and dramatically decreased metastatic tumour burden. These findings suggest that targeting granulin may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy to restore CD8+ T cell infiltration in metastatic PDAC, thereby converting PDAC metastatic tumours, which are refractory to immune checkpoint inhibitors, into tumours that respond to immune checkpoint inhibition therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Quaranta, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rainer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nielsen, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raymant, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engle, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murray, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuveson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mielgo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmid, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/234906</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Macrophage-derived granulin drives resistance to immune checkpoint inhibition in metastatic pancreatic cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/239335v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A systematic approach for dissecting the molecular mechanisms of transcriptional regulation in bacteria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/239335v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene regulation is one of the most ubiquitous processes in biology. But while the catalog of bacterial genomes continues to expand rapidly, we remain ignorant about how almost all of the genes in these genomes are regulated. At present, characterizing the molecular mechanisms by which individual regulatory sequences operate requires focused efforts using low-throughput methods. Here we show how a combination of massively parallel reporter assays, mass spectrometry, and information-theoretic modeling can be used to dissect bacterial promoters in a systematic and scalable way. We demonstrate this method on both well-studied and previously uncharacterized promoters in the enteric bacterium Escherichia coli. In all cases we recover nucleotide-resolution models of promoter mechanism. For some promoters, including previously unannotated ones, the approach allowed us to further extract quantitative biophysical models describing input-output relationships. This method opens up the possibility of exhaustively dissecting the mechanisms of promoter function in E. coli and a wide range of other bacteria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Belliveau, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnes, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ireland, W. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sweredoski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moradian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hess, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinney, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillips, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/239335</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A systematic approach for dissecting the molecular mechanisms of transcriptional regulation in bacteria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/244079v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A computational framework for converting high-throughput DNA sequencing data into neural circuit connectivity. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/244079v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
There is growing interest in determining the connectivity of neural circuits-the "connectome"-at single neuron resolution. Most approaches to circuit mapping rely on either microscopy or physiology, but these approaches have very limited throughput. We have recently proposed BOINC (Barcoding of Individual Neuronal Connectivity), a radically different approach to connectivity mapping based on high-throughput DNA sequencing. Here we describe the set of computational algorithms that serve to convert sequencing data into neural connectivity. We apply our computational pipeline to the results of proof-of-principle experiments illustrating an implementation of BOINC based on pseudorabies virus (PRV). PRV is capable of traversing individual synapses and carry DNA barcodes from one cell to another. Using this high-throughput sequencing data, we obtain 456-by-486 connectivity matrix between putative neurons. An inexpensive high-throughput technique for establishing circuit connectivity at single neuron resolution would represent a major advance in neuroscience.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Oyibo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrante, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koulakov, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Enquist, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dubnau, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zador, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/244079</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A computational framework for converting high-throughput DNA sequencing data into neural circuit connectivity.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/244327v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Radial glial lineage progression and differential intermediate progenitor amplification underlie striatal compartments and circuit organization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/244327v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The circuitry of the striatum is characterized by two organizational plans: the division into striosome and matrix compartments, thought to mediate evaluation and action, and the direct and indirect pathways, thought to promote or suppress behavior. The developmental origins of and relationships between these organizations are unknown, leaving a conceptual gap in understanding the cortico-basal ganglia system. Through genetic fate mapping, we demonstrate that striosome-matrix compartmentalization arises from a lineage program embedded in lateral ganglionic eminence radial glial progenitors mediating neurogenesis through two distinct types of intermediate progenitors (IPs). The early phase of this program produces striosomal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) through fate-restricted apical IPs (aIPSs) with limited capacity; the late phase produces matrix SPNs through fate-restricted basal IPs (bIPMs) with expanded capacity. Remarkably, direct and indirect pathway SPNs arise within both aIPS and bIPM pools, suggesting that striosome-matrix architecture is the fundamental organizational plan of basal ganglia circuitry organization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kelly, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibb, L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matho, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osten, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graybiel, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/244327</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Radial glial lineage progression and differential intermediate progenitor amplification underlie striatal compartments and circuit organization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/251595v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Choice history biases subsequent evidence accumulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/251595v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWPerceptual choices depend not only on the current sensory input, but also on the behavioral context. An important contextual factor is the history of ones own choices. Choice history often strongly biases perceptual decisions, and leaves traces in the activity of brain regions involved in decision processing. Yet, it remains unknown how such history signals shape the dynamics of later decision formation. Models of perceptual choice construe decision formation as the accumulation of sensory evidence towards decision bounds. In this framework, it is commonly assumed that choice history signals shift the starting point of accumulation towards the bound reflecting the previous choice. We here present results that challenge this idea. We fit bounded-accumulation decision models to behavioral data from perceptual choice tasks, and estimated bias parameters that depended on observers previous choices. Across multiple task protocols and sensory modalities, individual history biases in overt behavior were consistently explained by a history-dependent change in the evidence accumulation, rather than in its starting point. Choice history signals thus seem to bias the interpretation of current sensory input, akin to shifting endogenous attention towards (or away from) the previously selected interpretation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Urai, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Gee, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donner, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/251595</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Choice history biases subsequent evidence accumulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/252247v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High precision automated detection of labelednuclei in terabyte-scale whole-brain volumetricimage data of mouse 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/252247v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
There is a need in modern neuroscience for accurate and automated image processing techniques for analyzing the large volume of neuroanatomical data. For e.g., the use of light microscopy to image whole mouse brains in a mesoscopic scale produces individual neuroanatomical data volumes in the TerraByte range.. A fundamental task involves the detection and quantification of objects of a given type, e.g. neuronal nuclei or somata, in whole mouse brains. Traditionally this quantification is performed by human visual inspection with high accuracy, that is not scalable.. When state-of-the-art CNN and SVM-based methods are used to solve this classification problem, they achieve accuracy levels between 85 - 92%. However, higher rates of precision and recall, close to that of humans are necessary. In this paper, we describe an unsupervised, iterative algorithm, which provides a high close to human performance for a specific problem of broad interest, i.e. detection of Green Fluorescent Protein labeled nuclei in whole mouse brains. The algorithm judiciously combines classical computer vision (CV) techniques and is focused on the complex problem of decomposing strong overlapped objects (nuclei). Our proposed iterative method uses features detected on ridge lines over distance transformation and an arc based iterative spatial-filling method to solve the problem. We demonstrate our results on two whole mouse brain data sets of Gigabyte resolution and compare it with manual annotation of the brains. Our results show that an aptly designed CV algorithm with classical feature extractors when tailored to this problem of interest achieves near-ideal human-like performance. Quantitative analysis, when compared with the manually annotated ground truth, reveals that our approach performs better on whole mouse brain scans than general purpose machine learning (including deep CNN) methods.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pahariya, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jayakumar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bannerjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vangala, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ram, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitra, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/252247</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High precision automated detection of labelednuclei in terabyte-scale whole-brain volumetricimage data of mouse]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/255661v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Primacy model and the evolution of the olfactory receptor repertoire 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/255661v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding sensory processing relies on establishing a consistent relationship between the stimulus space, its neural representation, and perceptual quality. In olfaction, the difficulty in establishing these links lies partly in the complexity of the underlying odor input space and perceptual responses. Based on the recently proposed primacy code for concentration invariant odor identity representation and a few assumptions, we have developed a theoretical framework for mapping the odor input space to the response properties of olfactory receptors. We analyze a geometrical structure containing odor representations in a multidimensional space of receptor affinities and describe its low-dimensional implementation, the primacy hull. We propose the implications of the primacy hull for the structure of feedforward connectivity in early olfactory networks. We test the predictions of our theory by comparing the existing receptor-ligand affinity and connectivity data obtained in the fruit fly olfactory system. We find that the Kenyon cells of the insect mushroom body integrate inputs from the high-affinity (primacy) sets of olfactory receptors in agreement with the primacy theory.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Giaffar, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rinberg, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koulakov, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/255661</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Primacy model and the evolution of the olfactory receptor repertoire]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/259945v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mosaic representations of odors in the input and output layers of the mouse olfactory bulb 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/259945v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The elementary stimulus features encoded by the olfactory system remain poorly understood. We examined the relationship between 1,666 physical-chemical descriptors of odors and the activity of olfactory bulb inputs as well as outputs in awake mice. Glomerular and M/T cell responses were sparse and locally heterogeneous, with only a coarse dependence of glomerular positions on physical-chemical properties. Odor features represented by ensembles of M/T cells were overlapping, but distinct from those represented in glomeruli, consistent with extensive interplay between feedforward and feedback inputs to the bulb. This reformatting was well-described as a rotation in odor space. The descriptors accounted for a small fraction in response variance, and the similarity of odors in physical-chemical space was a poor predictor of similarity in neuronal representations. Our results suggest that commonly used physical-chemical properties are not systematically represented in bulbar activity and encourage further search for better descriptors of odor space.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chae, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kepple, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bast, W. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murthy, V. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koulakov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albeanu, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/259945</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mosaic representations of odors in the input and output layers of the mouse olfactory bulb]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/270314v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
YAP1 Oncogene is a Context-specific Driver for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/270314v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractTranscriptomic profiling classifies pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) into several molecular subtypes with distinctive histological and clinical characteristics. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that define each subtype and their correlation with clinical outcome. Mutant KRAS is the most prominent driver in PDAC, present in over 90% of tumors, but the dependence of tumors on oncogenic KRAS signaling varies between subtypes. In particular, squamous subtype are relatively independent of oncogenic KRAS signaling and typically display much more aggressive clinical behavior versus progenitor subtype. Here, we identified that YAP1 activation is enriched in the squamous subtype and associated with poor prognosis. Activation of YAP1 in progenitor subtype cancer cells profoundly enhanced malignant phenotypes and transformed progenitor subtype cells into squamous subtype. Conversely, depletion of YAP1 specifically suppressed tumorigenicity of squamous subtype PDAC cells. Mechanistically, we uncovered a significant positive correlation between WNT5A expression and the YAP1 activity in human PDAC, and demonstrated that WNT5A overexpression led to YAP1 activation and recapitulated YAP1-dependent but Kras-independent phenotype of tumor progression and maintenance. Thus, our study identifies YAP1 oncogene as a major driver of squamous subtype PDAC and uncovers the role of WNT5A in driving PDAC malignancy through activation of the YAP pathway.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferri-Borgogno, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bristow, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleming, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Draetta, G. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maitra, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ying, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/270314</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[YAP1 Oncogene is a Context-specific Driver for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/271692v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
On variational solutions for whole brain serial-section histology using the computational anatomy random orbit model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/271692v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This paper presents a variational framework for dense diffeomorphic atlas-mapping onto high-throughput histology stacks at the 20 m meso-scale. The observed sections are modelled as Gaussian random fields conditioned on a sequence of unknown section by section rigid motions and unknown diffeomorphic transformation of a three-dimensional atlas. To regularize over the high-dimensionality of our parameter space (which is a product space of the rigid motion dimensions and the diffeomorphism dimensions), the histology stacks are modelled as arising from a first order Sobolev space smoothness prior. We show that the joint maximum a-posteriori, penalized-likelihood estimator of our high dimensional parameter space emerges as a joint optimization interleaving rigid motion estimation for histology restacking and large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping to atlas coordinates. We show that joint optimization in this parameter space solves the classical curvature non-identifiability of the histology stacking problem. The algorithms are demonstrated on a collection of whole-brain histological image stacks from the Mouse Brain Architecture Project.nnAuthor SummaryNew developments in neural tracing techniques have motivated the widespread use of histology as a modality for exploring the circuitry of the brain. Automated mapping of pre-labeled atlases onto modern large datasets of histological imagery is a critical step for elucidating the brains neural circuitry and shape. This task is challenging as histological sections are imaged independently and the reconstruction of the unsectioned volume is nontrivial. Typically, neuroanatomists use reference volumes of the same subject (e.g. MRI) to guide reconstruction. However, obtaining reference imagery is often non-standard, as in high-throughput animal models like mouse histology. Others have proposed using anatomical atlases as guides, but have not accounted for the intrinsic nonlinear shape difference from atlas to subject. Our method addresses these limitations by jointly optimizing reconstruction informed by an atlas simultaneously with the nonlinear change of coordinates that encapsulates anatomical variation. This accounts for intrinsic shape differences and enables rigorous, direct comparisons of atlas and subject coordinates. Using simulations, we demonstrate that our method recovers the reconstruction parameters more accurately than atlas-free models and innately produces accurate segmentations from simultaneous atlas mapping. We also demonstrate our method on the Mouse Brain Architecture dataset, successfully mapping and reconstructing over 500 brains.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tward, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitra, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/271692</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[On variational solutions for whole brain serial-section histology using the computational anatomy random orbit model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/278630v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inferring the shape of global epistasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/278630v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genotype-phenotype relationships are notoriously complicated. Idiosyncratic interactions between specific combinations of mutations occur, and are difficult to predict. Yet it is increasingly clear that many interactions can be understood in terms of global epistasis. That is, mutations may act additively on some underlying, unobserved trait, and this trait is then transformed via a nonlinear function to the observed phenotype as a result of subsequent biophysical and cellular processes. Here we infer the shape of such global epistasis in three proteins, based on published high-throughput mutagenesis data. To do so, we develop a maximum-likelihood inference procedure using a flexible family of monotonic nonlinear functions spanned by an I-spline basis. Our analysis uncovers dramatic nonlinearities in all three proteins; in some proteins a model with global epistasis accounts for virtually all the measured variation, whereas in others we find substantial local epistasis as well. This method allows us to test hypotheses about the form of global epistasis and to distinguish variance components attributable to global epistasis, local epistasis, and measurement error.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Otwinowski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCandlish, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plotkin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/278630</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inferring the shape of global epistasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/293852v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
T-cell receptor αβ chain pairing is associated with CD4+ and CD8+ lineage specification 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/293852v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While a highly diverse T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire is the hallmark of a healthy adaptive immune system, relatively little is understood about how the CD4+ and CD8+ TCR repertoires differ from one another. We here utilize high-throughput single T-cell sequencing to obtain approximately 100,000 TCR {beta} chain pairs from human subjects, stratified into CD4+ and CD8+ lineages. We reveal that substantial information about T-cell lineage is encoded by V{beta} gene pairs and, to a lesser extent, by several other TCR features such as CDR3 length and charge. We further find that the strength of association between the {beta} chain and T-cell lineage is surprisingly weak, similar in strength to that of the  chain. Using machine learning classifiers to predict T-cell lineage from TCR features, we demon-strate that {beta} chain pairs are significantly more informative than individual chains alone. These findings provide unprecedented insight into the CD4+ and CD8+ TCR repertoires and highlight the importance of {beta} chain pairing in TCR function and specificity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Carter, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preall, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grigaityte, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldfless, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Briggs, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vigneault, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atwal, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/293852</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[T-cell receptor αβ chain pairing is associated with CD4+ and CD8+ lineage specification]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/294637v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial organization of projection neurons in the mouse auditory cortex identified by in situ barcode sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/294637v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding neural circuits requires deciphering interactions among myriad cell types defined by spatial organization, connectivity, gene expression, and other properties. Resolving these cell types requires both single neuron resolution and high throughput, a challenging combination with conventional methods. Here we introduce BARseq, a multiplexed method based on RNA barcoding for mapping projections of thousands of spatially resolved neurons in a single brain, and relating those projections to other properties such as gene or Cre expression. Mapping the projections to 11 areas of 3579 neurons in mouse auditory cortex using BARseq confirmed the laminar organization of the three top classes (IT, PT-like and CT) of projection neurons. In depth analysis uncovered a novel projection type restricted almost exclusively to transcriptionally-defined subtypes of IT neurons. By bridging anatomical and transcriptomic approaches at cellular resolution with high throughput, BARseq can potentially uncover the organizing principles underlying the structure and formation of neural circuits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kebschull, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zador, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/294637</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial organization of projection neurons in the mouse auditory cortex identified by in situ barcode sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/303131v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An optimized toolkit for precision base editing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/303131v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CRISPR base editing is a potentially powerful technology that enables the creation of genetic mutations with single base pair resolution. By re-engineering both DNA and protein sequences, we developed a collection of constitutive and inducible base editing vector systems that dramatically improve the ease and efficiency by which single nucleotide variants can be created. This new toolkit is effective in a wide range of model systems, and provides a means for efficient in vivo somatic base editing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zafra, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schatoff, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foronda, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breinig, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schweitzer, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goswami, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montgomery, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thibado, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez-Rivera, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vakoc, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lowe, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tschaharganeh, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dow, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/303131</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An optimized toolkit for precision base editing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/308288v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Movement-related activity dominates cortex during sensory-guided decision making 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/308288v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
When experts are immersed in a task, do their brains prioritize task-related activity? Most efforts to understand neural activity during well-learned tasks focus on cognitive computations and specific task-related movements. We wondered whether task-performing animals explore a broader movement landscape, and how this impacts neural activity. We characterized movements using video and other sensors and measured neural activity using widefield and two-photon imaging. Cortex-wide activity was dominated by movements, especially uninstructed movements, reflecting unknown priorities of the animal. Some uninstructed movements were aligned to trial events. Accounting for them revealed that neurons with similar trial-averaged activity often reflected utterly different combinations of cognitive and movement variables. Other movements occurred idiosyncratically, accounting for trial-by-trial fluctuations that are often considered "noise". This held true for extracellular Neuropixels recordings in cortical and subcortical areas. Our observations argue that animals execute expert decisions while performing richly varied, uninstructed movements that profoundly shape neural activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Musall, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufman, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gluf, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Churchland, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/308288</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Movement-related activity dominates cortex during sensory-guided decision making]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/309401v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Olfactory marker protein regulates refinement of the glomerular map 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/309401v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The olfactory glomerulus is the anatomical and functional unit of the olfactory bulb, defined by convergent input from olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) axons expressing the same type of odorant receptor (OR). A key marker of mature OSNs is the olfactory marker protein (OMP), whose deletion has been associated with deficits in OSN signal transduction and odor discrimination. Here, we have investigated glomerular odor responses and anatomical architecture in mice in which one or both alleles of OMP were replaced by the fluorescent synaptic activity reporter, synaptopHluorin (OMP+/- and OMP-/- mice, respectively). Functionally heterogeneous glomeruli, that is, ones with micro-domains with distinct odor responses were rare in OMP+/- mice, but occurred frequently in OMP-/- mice. Genetic targeting of single ORs revealed that these micro-domains arise from anomalous co-innervation of individual glomeruli by OSNs expressing different ORs. The glomerular mistargeting of OSNs in the absence of OMP is restricted to a local neighborhood of a few glomerular diameters. Our studies document functional heterogeneity in sensory input within individual glomeruli and uncover its anatomical correlate, revealing an unexpected role for OMP in the formation and refinement of the glomerular olfactory map.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Albeanu, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Provost, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agarwal, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soucy, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murthy, V. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/309401</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Olfactory marker protein regulates refinement of the glomerular map]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/315598v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Continuity between koniocellular layers of dorsal lateral geniculate and inferior pulvinar nuclei in common marmosets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/315598v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In primates, the koniocellular (K) layers of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and the calbindin-rich subdivisions of the inferior pulvinar (IPul) nucleus are considered part of a thalamic matrix system which projects diffusely to superficial cortical layers. Activity in the matrix system is proposed to coordinate oscillatory activity in thalamocortical loops. Further, since both K cells and IPul are involved in visual processing pathways, especially in alternative pathways to visual cortex after V1 lesion in early life ("blindsight"), their functional similarities have been strongly implicated. Here we tested the hypothesis that calbindin-positive K cells and IPul cells constitute a continuous group of cells. By combining immunohistochemistry and a high-throughput neuronal tracing method, we found that both K cells and IPul form reciprocal connections with striate and extrastriate cortices; whereas principal laminae of LGN do not receive inputs from extrastriate cortex and only project sparsely to these areas. Retrograde labelled cells in lateral division of IPul merged seamlessly into the retrograde labelled cells in K layers. These results supported the continuity between LGN K layers and IPul, providing the anatomical basis for functional congruity of this part of dorsal thalamic matrix.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huo, B.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeater, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takahashi, Y. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanada, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagashima, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grunert, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okano, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitra, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/315598</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Continuity between koniocellular layers of dorsal lateral geniculate and inferior pulvinar nuclei in common marmosets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/315804v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A High-throughput Neurohistological Pipeline for Brain-Wide Mesoscale Connectivity Mapping of the Common Marmoset 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/315804v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding the connectivity architecture of entire vertebrate brains is a fundamental but difficult task. MRI based methods offer whole brain coverage, but remain indirect in the approach to connectivity mapping. Recent progress has been made in directly mapping whole-brain connectivity architecture in the mouse at the mesoscopic scale. The basic approach uses tracer injections systematically placed on a grid of locations spanning the brain and computational analysis of the resulting whole brain data sets. Scaling this approach to bigger primate brains poses nontrivial technical challenges. Here we present an integrated neurohistological pipeline as well as a grid-based tracer injection strategy for systematic mesoscale connectivity mapping in the common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Individual brains are sectioned into [~]1700 20{micro}m sections using the tape transfer technique, permitting high quality 3D reconstruction of a series of histochemical stains (Nissl, myelin) interleaved with tracer labelled sections. Combining the resulting 3D volumes, containing informative cytoarchitectonic markers, with in-vivo and ex-vivo MRI, and using an integrated computational pipeline, we are able to overcome the significant individual variation exhibited by Marmosets to obtain routine and high quality maps to a common atlas framework. This will facilitate the systematic assembly of a mesoscale connectivity matrix together with unprecedented 3D reconstructions of brain-wide projection patterns in a primate brain. While component instruments or protocols may be available from previous work, we believe that this is the first detailed systems-level presentation of the methodology required for high-throughput neuroanatomy in a model primate.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takahashi, Y. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huo, B.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanada, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagashima, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hata, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tolpygo, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ram, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosa, M. G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasaki, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iriki, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okano, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitra, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/315804</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A High-throughput Neurohistological Pipeline for Brain-Wide Mesoscale Connectivity Mapping of the Common Marmoset]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/317719v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
How Much Information is Provided by Human Epigenomic Data? An Evolutionary View 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/317719v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Here, we ask the question, "How much information do available epigenomic data sets provide about human genomic function, individually or in combination?" We consider nine epigenomic and annotation features across 115 cell types and measure genomic function by using signatures of natural selection as a proxy. We measure information as the reduction in entropy under a probabilistic evolutionary model that describes genetic variation across [~]50 diverse humans and several nonhuman primates. We find that several genomic features yield more information in combination than they do individually, with DNase-seq displaying particularly strong synergy. Most of the entropy in human genetic variation, by far, reflects mutation and neutral drift; the genome-wide reduction in entropy due to selection is equivalent to only a small fraction of the storage requirements of a single human genome. Based on this framework, we produce cell-type-specific maps of the probability that a mutation at each nucleotide will have fitness consequences (FitCons scores). These scores are predictive of known functional elements and disease-associated variants, they reveal relationships among cell types, and they suggest that [~]8% of nucleotide sites are constrained by natural selection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gulko, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siepel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/317719</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[How Much Information is Provided by Human Epigenomic Data? An Evolutionary View]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/321232v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Population coding of valence in the basolateral amygdala 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/321232v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The basolateral amygdala (BLA) plays an important role in associative learning, by representing both conditioned stimuli (CSs) and unconditioned stimuli (USs) of positive and negative valences, and by forming associations between CSs and USs. However, how such associations are formed and updated during learning remains unclear. Here we show that associative learning driven by reward and punishment profoundly alters BLA neuronal responses at population levels, reducing noise correlations and transforming the representations of CSs to resemble the distinctive valence-specific representations of USs. This transformation is accompanied by the emergence of prevalent inhibitory CS and US responses, and by the plasticity of CS responses in individual BLA neurons. During reversal learning wherein the expected valences are reversed, BLA population CS representations are remapped onto ensembles representing the opposite valences and track the switching in valence-specific behavioral actions. Our results reveal how signals predictive of opposing valences in the BLA evolve during reward and punishment learning, and how these signals might be updated and used to guide flexible behaviors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/321232</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Population coding of valence in the basolateral amygdala]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/321489v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Topological Skeletonization and Tree-Summarization of Neurons Using Discrete Morse Theory 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/321489v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuroscientific data analysis has classically involved methods for statistical signal and image processing, drawing on linear algebra and stochastic process theory. However, digitized neuroanatomical data sets containing labelled neurons, either individually or in groups labelled by tracer injections, do not fully fit into this classical framework. The tree-like shapes of neurons cannot mathematically be adequately described as points in a vector space (eg, the subtraction of two neuronal shapes is not a meaningful operation). There is therefore a need for new approaches. Methods from computational topology and geometry are naturally suited to the analysis of neuronal shapes. Here we introduce methods from Discrete Morse Theory to extract tree-skeletons of individual neurons from volumetric brain image data, or to summarize collections of neurons labelled by localized anterograde tracer injections. Since individual neurons are topologically trees, it is sensible to summarize the collection of neurons labelled by a localized anterograde tracer injection using a consensus tree-shape. This consensus tree provides a richer information summary than the regional or voxel-based "connectivity matrix" approach that has previously been used in the literature.nnThe algorithmic procedure includes an initial pre-processing step to extract a density field from the raw volumetric image data, followed by initial skeleton extraction from the density field using a discrete version of a 1-(un)stable manifold of the density field. Heuristically, if the density field is regarded as a mountainous landscape, then the 1-(un)stable manifold follows the "mountain ridges" connecting the maxima of the density field. We then simplify this skeletongraph into a tree using a shortest-path approach and methods derived from persistent homology. The advantage of this approach is that it uses global information about the density field and is therefore robust to local fluctuations and non-uniformly distributed input signals. To be able to handle large data sets, we use a divide-and-conquer approach. The resulting software DiMorSC is available on Github[40]. To the best of our knowledge this is currently the only publicly available code for the extraction of the 1-unstable manifold from an arbitrary simplicial complex using the Discrete Morse approach.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitra, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/321489</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Topological Skeletonization and Tree-Summarization of Neurons Using Discrete Morse Theory]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/326868v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NECorr, a Tool to Rank Gene Importance in Biological Processes using Molecular Networks and Transcriptome Data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/326868v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The challenge of increasing crop yield while decreasing plants susceptibility to various stresses can be lessened by understanding plant regulatory processes in a tissue-specific manner. Molecular network analysis techniques were developed to aid in understanding gene inter-regulation. However, few tools for molecular network mining are designed to extract the most relevant genes to act upon. In order to find and to rank these putative regulator genes, we generated NECorr, a computational pipeline based on multiple-criteria decision-making algorithms. With the objective of ranking genes and their interactions in a selected condition or tissue, NECorr uses the molecular network topology as well as global gene expression analysis to find hub genes and their condition-specific regulators. NECorr was applied to Arabidopsis thaliana flower tissue and identifies known regulators in the developmental processes of this tissue as well as new putative regulators. NECorr will accelerate translational research by ranking candidate genes within a molecular network of interest.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liseron-Monfils, C. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ware, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/326868</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NECorr, a Tool to Rank Gene Importance in Biological Processes using Molecular Networks and Transcriptome Data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/327569v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
phastWeb: a web interface for evolutionary conservation scoring of multiple sequence alignments using phastCons and phyloP 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/327569v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Phylogenetic Analysis with Space/Time models (PHAST) package is a widely used software package for comparative genomics that has been freely available for download since 2002. Here we introduce a web interface (phastWeb) that makes it possible to use two of the most popular programs in PHAST, phastCons and phyloP, without downloading and installing the PHAST software. This interface allows users to upload a sequence alignment and either upload a corresponding phylogeny or have one estimated from the alignment. After processing, users can visualize alignments and conservation scores as genome browser tracks, and download estimated tree models and raw scores for further analysis. Altogether, this resource makes key features of the PHAST package conveniently available to a broad audience.nnAVAILABILITYphastWeb is freely available on the web at http://compgen.cshl.edu/phastweb/. The website provides instructions as well as examples.nnCONTACTphasthelp@cshl.edu
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ramani, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krumholz, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siepel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/327569</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[phastWeb: a web interface for evolutionary conservation scoring of multiple sequence alignments using phastCons and phyloP]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/331124v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mapping DNA sequence to transcription factor binding energy in vivo 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/331124v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite the central importance of transcriptional regulation in systems biology, it has proven difficult to determine the regulatory mechanisms of individual genes, let alone entire gene networks. It is particularly difficult to analyze a promoter sequence and identify the locations, regulatory roles, and energetic properties of binding sites for transcription factors and RNA polymerase. In this work, we present a strategy for interpreting transcriptional regulatory sequences using in vivo methods (i.e. the massively parallel reporter assay Sort-Seq) to formulate quantitative models that map a transcription factor binding sites DNA sequence to transcription factor-DNA binding energy. We use these models to predict the binding energies of transcription factor binding sites to within 1 kBT of their measured values. We further explore how such a sequence-energy mapping relates to the mechanisms of trancriptional regulation in various promoter contexts. Specifically, we show that our models can be used to design specific induction responses, analyze the effects of amino acid mutations on DNA sequence preference, and determine how regulatory context affects a transcription factors sequence specificity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barnes, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belliveau, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ireland, W. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinney, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillips, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/331124</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mapping DNA sequence to transcription factor binding energy in vivo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/335646v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Endoplasmic Reticulum Retention Motif Fused to Recombinant Anti-cancer Monoclonal Antibody (mAb) CO17-1A Affects mAb Expression and Plant Stress Response 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/335646v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the main site of protein synthesis, folding, and secretion to other organelles. The capacity of the ER to process proteins is limited, and excessive accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins can induce ER stress, which is associated with plant diseases. Here, a transgenic Arabidopsis system was established to express anti-cancer monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that recognize the tumor-associated antigen GA733-2. The ER retention Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu (KDEL) motif sequence was added to the C-terminus of the heavy chain to retain anti-colorectal cancer mAbs in the ER, consequently boosting mAb production. Agrobacterium-mediated floral dip transformation was used to generate T1 transformants, and homozygous T4 seeds obtained from transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing anti-colorectal cancer mAbs were used to confirm the physiological effects of KDEL tagging. Germination rates were not significantly different between mAb CO and mAb COK. However, mAb COK primary root lengths were shorter than those of mAb CO plants and non-transgenic Arabidopsis plants in in vitro media. Most ER stress-related genes, with the exception of bZIP28 and IRE1a, were upregulated in mAb COK plants compared to mAb CO plants. Western blot and SDS-PAGE analyses showed that mAb COK plants exhibited up to five-times higher expression and mAb amounts than mAb CO plants. Enhanced expression in mAb COK plants was confirmed by immunohistochemical analyses. mAb COK was distributed across most of the area of leaf tissues, whereas mAb CO was mainly distributed in extracellular areas. Surface plasmon resonance analyses revealed that both mAb CO and mAb COK possessed equivalent or slightly better binding activities to antigen EpCAM compared to a commercially available parental antibody. These results suggest that the introduction of the KDEL motif is a promising strategy for obtaining enhanced amounts of recombinant therapeutic proteins, but the KDEL sequence may induce ER stress and slightly reduce plant biomass.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Song, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, Y. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myung, S.-c.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ko, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/335646</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Endoplasmic Reticulum Retention Motif Fused to Recombinant Anti-cancer Monoclonal Antibody (mAb) CO17-1A Affects mAb Expression and Plant Stress Response]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/338004v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Selection for protein stability enriches for epistatic interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/338004v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A now classical argument for the marginal thermodynamic stability of proteins explains the distribution of observed protein stabilities as a consequence of an entropic pull in protein sequence space. In particular, most sequences that are sufficiently stable to fold will have stabilities near the folding threshold. Here we extend this argument to consider its predictions for epistatic interactions for the effects of mutations on the free energy of folding. Although there is abundant evidence to indicate that the effects of mutations on the free energy of folding are nearly additive and conserved over evolutionary time, we show that these observations are compatible with the hypothesis that a non-additive contribution to the folding free energy is essential for observed proteins to maintain their native structure. In particular through both simulations and analytical results, we show that even very small departures from additivity are sufficient to drive this effect.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Posfai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plotkin, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinney, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCandlish, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/338004</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Selection for protein stability enriches for epistatic interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/339689v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Computational algorithms and neural circuitry for compressed sensing in the mammalian main olfactory bulb 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/339689v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A major challenge for many sensory systems is the representation of stimuli that vary along many dimensions. This problem is particularly acute for chemosensory systems because they require sensitivity to a large number of molecular features. Here we use a combination of computational modeling and in vivo electrophysiological data to propose a solution for this problem in the circuitry of the mammalian main olfactory bulb. We model the input to the olfactory bulb as an array of chemical features that, due to the vast size of chemical feature space, is sparsely occupied. We propose that this sparseness enables compression of the chemical feature array by broadly-tuned odorant receptors. Reconstruction of stimuli is then achieved by a supernumerary network of inhibitory granule cells. The main olfactory bulb may therefore implement a compressed sensing algorithm that presents several advantages. First, we demonstrate that a model of synaptic interactions between the granule cells and the mitral cells that constitute the output of the olfactory bulb, can store a highly efficient representation of odors by competitively selecting a sparse basis set of "expert" granule cells. Second, we further show that this model network can simultaneously learn separable representations of each component of an odor mixture without exposure to those components in isolation. Third, our model is capable of independent and odor-specific adaptation, which could be used by the olfactory system to perform background subtraction or sensitively compare a sample odor with an internal expectation. This model makes specific predictions about the dynamics of granule cell activity during learning. Using in vivo electrophysiological recordings, we corroborate these predictions in an experimental paradigm that stimulates memorization of odorants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kepple, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cazakoff, B. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demmer, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eckmeier, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shea, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koulakov, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/339689</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Computational algorithms and neural circuitry for compressed sensing in the mammalian main olfactory bulb]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/342386v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SVCollector: Optimized sample selection for validating and long-read resequencing of structural variants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/342386v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryStructural Variations (SVs) are increasingly recognized for their importance in genomics. Short-read sequencing is the most widely-used approach for genotyping large numbers of samples for SVs but suffers from relatively poor accuracy. Here we present SVCollector, an open-source method that optimally selects samples to maximize variant discovery and validation using long read resequencing or PCR-based validation. SVCollector has two modes: selecting those samples that are individually the most diverse or those that collectively capture the largest number of variations.nnAvailabilityhttps://github.com/fritzsedlazeck/SVCollectornnContactfritz.sedlazeck@bcm.edunnSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sedlazeck, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemmon, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soyk, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salerno, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lippman, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schatz, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/342386</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SVCollector: Optimized sample selection for validating and long-read resequencing of structural variants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/354340v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inhibitory and excitatory populations in parietal cortex are equally selective for decision outcome in both novices and experts 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/354340v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inhibitory neurons, which play a critical role in decision-making models, are often simplified as a single pool of non-selective neurons lacking connection specificity. This assumption is supported by observations in primary visual cortex: inhibitory neurons are broadly tuned in vivo, and show non-specific connectivity in slice. Selectivity of excitatory and inhibitory neurons within decision circuits, and hence the validity of decision-making models, is unknown. We simultaneously measured excitatory and inhibitory neurons in posterior parietal cortex of mice judging multisensory stimuli. Surprisingly, excitatory and inhibitory neurons were equally selective for the animals choice, both at the single cell and population level. Further, both cell types exhibited similar changes in selectivity and temporal dynamics during learning, paralleling behavioral improvements. These observations, combined with modeling, argue against circuit architectures assuming non-selective inhibitory neurons. Instead, they argue for selective subnetworks of inhibitory and excitatory neurons that are shaped by experience to support expert decision-making.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Najafi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elsayed, G. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pnevmatikakis, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cunningham, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Churchland, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/354340</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inhibitory and excitatory populations in parietal cortex are equally selective for decision outcome in both novices and experts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/359471v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TEsmall identifies small RNAs associated with targeted inhibitor resistance in melanoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/359471v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small 21-22nt RNAs that act to regulate the expression of mRNA target genes through direct binding to mRNA targets. While miRNAs typically dominate small RNA transcriptomes, many other classes are present including tRNAs, snoRNAs, snRNAs, Y-RNAs, piRNAs, and siRNAs. Interactions between processing machinery and targeting networks of these various small RNA classes remains unclear, largely because these small RNAs are typically analyzed separately. Here we present TEsmall, a tool that allows for the simultaneous processing and analysis of small RNAs from each annotated class in a single integrated workflow. The pipeline begins with raw fastq reads and proceeds all the way to producing count tables formatted for differential expression. Several interactive charts are also produced to look at overall distributions in length and annotation classes. We next applied the TEsmall pipeline to small RNA libraries generated from melanoma cells responding to targeted inhibitors of the MAPK pathway. Targeted oncogene inhibitors have emerged as way to tailor cancer therapies to the particular mutations present in a given tumor. While these targeted strategies are typically effective for short intervals, the emergence of resistance is extremely common, limiting the effectiveness of single-agent therapeutics and driving the need for a better understanding of resistance mechanisms. Using TEsmall, we identified several microRNAs and other small RNA classes that are enriched in inhibitor resistant melanoma cells in multiple melanoma cell lines and may be able to serve as markers of resistant populations more generally.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>O'Neill, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, W.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gale Hammell, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/359471</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TEsmall identifies small RNAs associated with targeted inhibitor resistance in melanoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/363937v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Loss of CG methylation in Marchantia polymorpha causes disorganization of cell division and reveals unique DNA methylation regulatory mechanisms of non-CG methylation. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/363937v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DNA methylation is an epigenetic mark that ensures silencing of transposable elements (TEs) and affects gene expression in many organisms. The function of different DNA methylation regulatory pathways has been largely characterized in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. However, far less is known about DNA methylation regulation and functions in basal land plants. Here we focus on the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, an emerging model species that represents a basal lineage of land plants. We identified MpMET, the M. polymorpha orthologue of the METHYLTRANSFERASE 1 (MET1) gene required for maintenance of methylation at CG sites in angiosperms. We generated Mpmet mutants using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, which showed a significant loss of CG methylation and severe morphological changes and developmental defects. The mutants developed many adventitious shoot-like structures, suggesting that MpMET is required for maintaining differentiated cellular identities in the gametophyte. Numerous TEs were up-regulated, even though non-CG methylation was highly increased at TEs in the Mpmet mutants. Closer inspection of CHG methylation revealed features unique to M. polymorpha. Methylation of CCG sites in M. polymorpha does not depend on MET1, unlike in A. thaliana and Physcomitrella patens. Furthermore, unlike A. thaliana, M. polymorpha shows higher methylation level at CAG sites than at other CHG contexts and CAG/CTG sites are mostly methylated asymmetrically. Interestingly, CAG and CTG methylation reached comparable levels and symmetry upon loss of CG methylation. Our results highlight the diversity of non-CG methylation regulatory mechanisms in plants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ikeda, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nishihama, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamaoka, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arteaga-Vazquez, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguilar-Cruz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grimanelli, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pogorelcnik, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martienssen, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamato, K. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kohchi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirayama, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathieu, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/363937</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Loss of CG methylation in Marchantia polymorpha causes disorganization of cell division and reveals unique DNA methylation regulatory mechanisms of non-CG methylation.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/369892v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Long term impact of intensive post graduate laboratory training at the Cold Spring Harbor Neurobiology of Drosophila summer course 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/369892v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intensive postgraduate courses provide an opportunity for junior and senior level scientists to learn concepts and techniques that will advance their training and research programs. It is commonly assumed that short intensive courses have positive impacts within fields of research; however, these assumptions are rarely tested. Here we describe the framework of a long running postgraduate summer course at Cold Spring Harbor and attempt to quantify the impact made over its history. For over three decades, the Drosophila Neurobiology: Genes, Circuits & Behavior Summer Course at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories (CSHL) has provided participants with intense instruction on a wide variety of topics and techniques in integrative neuroscience using Drosophila as a model organism. Students are introduced to the latest approaches for studying nervous system development, activity and connectivity, as well as complex behaviors and diseases. The course has a long history of successful alumni, many of whom describe participation in the course as foundational to their training. Student surveys of recent participants indicate a high level of satisfaction, improved career outcomes, and direct impact on publications. Analysis of student success reveals that over 64% of participants obtain independent faculty positions. Further, we describe ongoing efforts to enhance diversity and encourage access to scientific research at undergraduate-focused institutions. Together, our findings suggest that laboratory-intensive postgraduate courses provide a highly effective mechanism for scientific training that has lasting positive impacts on trainees.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ly, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaun, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.-h.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pulver, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keene, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/369892</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Long term impact of intensive post graduate laboratory training at the Cold Spring Harbor Neurobiology of Drosophila summer course]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/370734v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinct Cortical-Thalamic-Striatal Circuits Through the Parafascicular Nucleus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/370734v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The thalamic parafascicular nucleus (PF), an excitatory input to the basal ganglia, is targeted with deep-brain-stimulation to alleviate a range of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Furthermore, PF lesions disrupt the execution of correct motor actions in uncertain environments. Nevertheless, the circuitry of the PF and its contribution to action selection are poorly understood. We find that, in mice, PF forms the densest subcortical projection to the striatum. This projection arises from transcriptionally- and physiologically-distinct classes of PF neurons that are also reciprocally connected with functionally-distinct cortical regions, differentially innervate striatum neurons, and are not synaptically connected in PF. Thus, mouse PF contains heterogeneous neurons that are organized into parallel and independent associative, limbic, and motor circuits. Furthermore, these subcircuits share motifs of cortical-PF-cortical and cortical-PF-striatum organization that allow each PF subregion, via its precise connectivity with cortex, to coordinate diverse inputs to striatum.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mandelbaum, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taranda, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haynes, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hochbaum, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyun, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venkataraju, K. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Straub, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robertson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osten, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sabatini, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/370734</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinct Cortical-Thalamic-Striatal Circuits Through the Parafascicular Nucleus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/373779v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unidirectional monosynaptic connections from auditory areas to the primary visual cortex in the marmoset monkey 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/373779v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Until the late 20th Century, it was believed that different sensory modalities were processed by largely independent pathways in the primate cortex, with cross-modal integration only occurring in specialized polysensory areas. This model was challenged by the finding that the peripheral representation of the primary visual cortex (V1) receives monosynaptic connections from areas of the auditory cortex in the macaque. However, auditory projections to V1 have not been reported in other primates. We investigated the existence of direct interconnections between V1 and auditory areas in the marmoset, a New World monkey. Labelled neurons in auditory cortex were observed following 4 out of 10 retrograde tracer injections involving V1. These projections to V1 originated in the caudal subdivisions of auditory cortex (primary auditory cortex, caudal belt and parabelt areas), and targeted parts of V1 that represent parafoveal and peripheral vision. Injections near the representation of the vertical meridian of the visual field labelled few or no cells in auditory cortex. We also placed 8 retrograde tracer injections involving core, belt and parabelt auditory areas, none of which revealed direct projections from V1. These results confirm the existence of a direct, nonreciprocal projection from auditory areas to V1 in a different primate species, which has evolved separately from the macaque for over 30 million years. The essential similarity of these observations between marmoset and macaque indicate that early-stage audiovisual integration is a shared characteristic of primate sensory processing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rosa, M. G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Majka, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huo, B.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jermakow, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takahashi, Y. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolkowicz, I. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Worthy, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reser, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wojcik, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okano, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitra, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/373779</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unidirectional monosynaptic connections from auditory areas to the primary visual cortex in the marmoset monkey]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/378760v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell molecular connectomics of intracortically-projecting neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/378760v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The neocortex is organized into distinct areas, whose interconnectivity underlies sensorimotor transformations and integration1-7. These behaviorally critical functions are mediated by intracortically-projecting neurons (ICPN), which are a heterogeneous population of cells sending axonal branches to distinct cortical areas as well as to subcortical targets8-10. Although population-based11-14 and single-cell15-19 intracortical wiring diagrams are being identified, the transcriptional signatures corresponding to single-cell axonal projections of ICPN to multiple sites remain unknown. To address this question, we developed a high-throughput approach, "ConnectID", to link connectome and transcriptome in single neurons. ConnectID combines MAPseq projection mapping17,20 (to identify single-neuron multiplex projections) with single-cell RNA sequencing (to identify corresponding gene expression). Using primary somatosensory cortex (S1) ICPN as proof-of-principle neurons, we identify three cardinal targets: (1) the primary motor cortex (M1), (2) the secondary somatosensory cortex (S2) and (3) subcortical targets (Sub). Using ConnectID, we identify transcriptional modules whose combined activities reflect multiplex projections to these cardinal targets. Based on these findings, we propose that the combinatorial activity of connectivity-defined transcriptional modules serves as a generic molecular mechanism to create diverse axonal projection patterns within and across neuronal cell types.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Klingler, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prados, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kebschull, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dayer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zador, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jabaudon, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/378760</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell molecular connectomics of intracortically-projecting neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/380972v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Precision measurement of cis-regulatory energetics in living cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/380972v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene expression in all organisms is controlled by cooperative interactions between DNA-bound transcription factors (TFs), but quantitatively measuring TF-DNA and TF-TF interactions remains difficult. Here we introduce a strategy for precisely measuring the Gibbs free energy of such interactions in living cells. This strategy centers on the measurement and modeling of "allelic manifolds", a multidimensional generalization of the classical genetics concept of allelic series. Allelic manifolds are measured using reporter assays performed on strategically designed cis-regulatory sequences. Quantitative biophysical models are then fit to the resulting data. We used this strategy to study regulation by two Escherichia coli TFs, CRP and {sigma}70 RNA polymerase. Doing so, we consistently obtained energetic measurements precise to ~ 0.1 kcal/mol. We also obtained multiple results that deviate from the prior literature. Our strategy is compatible with massively parallel reporter assays in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and should therefore be highly scalable and broadly applicable.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Forcier, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayaz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gill, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillips, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinney, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/380972</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Precision measurement of cis-regulatory energetics in living cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/382606v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Delivery of GalNAc-conjugated splice-switching ASOs to non-hepatic cells through ectopic expression of asialoglycoprotein receptor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/382606v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Splice-switching antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are promising therapeutic tools to target various genetic diseases, including cancer. However, in vivo delivery of ASOs to orthotopic tumors in cancer mouse models or to certain target tissues remains challenging. A viable solution already in use is receptor-mediated uptake of ASOs via tissue-specific receptors. For example, the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R) is exclusively expressed in hepatocytes. Triantennary GalNAc (GN3)-conjugated ASOs bind to the receptor and are efficiently internalized by endocytosis, enhancing ASO potency in the liver. Here we explore the use of GalNAc-mediated targeting to deliver therapeutic splice-switching ASOs to cancer cells that ectopically express ASGP-R, both in vitro and in tumor mouse models. We found that ectopic expression of the major isoform ASGP-R1 H1a is sufficient to promote uptake and increase GN3-ASO potency to various degrees in all tested cancer cells. We show that cell-type specific glycosylation of the receptor does not affect its activity. In vivo, GN3-conjugated ASOs specifically target subcutaneous xenograft tumors that ectopically express ASGP-R1, and modulate splicing significantly more strongly than unconjugated ASOs. Our work shows that GN3-targeting is a useful tool for proof-of-principle studies in orthotopic cancer models, until endogenous receptors are identified and exploited for efficiently targeting cancer cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scharner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rigo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krainer, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/382606</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Delivery of GalNAc-conjugated splice-switching ASOs to non-hepatic cells through ectopic expression of asialoglycoprotein receptor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/390187v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cancer cell CCR2 orchestrates suppression of the adaptive immune response 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/390187v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) is expressed on monocytes and facilitates their recruitment to tumors. Though breast cancer cells also express CCR2, its functions in these cells are unclear. We found that Ccr2 deletion in cancer cells led to reduced tumor growth and [~]2-fold longer survival in an orthotopic, isograft breast cancer mouse model. Deletion of Ccr2 in cancer cells resulted in multiple alterations associated with better immune control: increased infiltration and activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and CD103+ cross-presenting dendritic cells (DCs), as well as upregulation of MHC class I and downregulation of checkpoint regulator PD-L1 on the cancer cells. Pharmacological or genetic targeting of CCR2 increased cancer cell sensitivity to CTLs and enabled the cancer cells to induce DC maturation toward the CD103+ subtype. Consistently, Ccr2-/- cancer cells did not induce immune suppression in Batf3-/- mice lacking CD103+ DCs. Our results establish that CCR2 signaling in cancer cells can orchestrate suppression of the immune response.

SummaryC-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) expressed on monocytes facilitates their recruitment to tumors. Here, CCR2 signaling in cancer cells is shown to suppress immune control of tumors, in part by reducing CD103+ dendritic cell recruitment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fein, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, X. Y. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almeida, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruzas, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pommier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eberhardt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fearon, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilkinson, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>dos Santos, C. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egeblad, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/390187</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cancer cell CCR2 orchestrates suppression of the adaptive immune response]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/406074v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chronically-implanted Neuropixels probes enable high yield recordings in freely moving mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/406074v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The advent of high-yield electrophysiology using Neuropixels probes is now enabling researchers to simultaneously record hundreds of neurons with remarkably high signal to noise. However, these probes have not been comprehensively tested in freely moving mice. It is critical to study neural activity in unrestricted animals, and the field would benefit from the inclusion of ethological approaches to studying the neural circuitry of behavior. We therefore adapted Neuropixels probes for chronically-implanted experiments in freely moving mice. We demonstrate the ease and utility of this approach in recording hundreds of neurons across weeks, and provide the methodological details for other researchers to do the same. Importantly, our approach enables researchers to explant and reuse these valuable probes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Juavinett, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bekheet, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Churchland, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/406074</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chronically-implanted Neuropixels probes enable high yield recordings in freely moving mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/411413v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dopaminergic and frontal signals for decisions guided by sensory evidence and reward value 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/411413v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Making efficient decisions requires combining present sensory evidence with previous reward values, and learning from the resulting outcome. To establish the underlying neural processes, we trained mice in a task that probed such decisions. Mouse choices conformed to a reinforcement learning model that estimates predicted value (reward value times sensory confidence) and prediction error (outcome minus predicted value). Predicted value was encoded in the pre-outcome activity of prelimbic frontal neurons and midbrain dopamine neurons. Prediction error was encoded in the post-outcome activity of dopamine neurons, which reflected not only reward value but also sensory confidence. Manipulations of these signals spared ongoing choices but profoundly affected subsequent learning. Learning depended on the pre-outcome activity of prelimbic neurons, but not dopamine neurons. Learning also depended on the post-outcome activity of dopamine neurons, but not prelimbic neurons. These results reveal the distinct roles of frontal and dopamine neurons in learning under uncertainty.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lak, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okun, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moss, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gurnani, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wells, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reddy, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carandini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/411413</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dopaminergic and frontal signals for decisions guided by sensory evidence and reward value]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/412569v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nuclear transcriptomes of the seven neuronal cell types that constitute the Drosophila mushroom bodies. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/412569v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The insect mushroom body (MB) is a conserved brain structure that plays key roles in a diverse array of behaviors. The Drosophila melanogaster MB is the primary invertebrate model of neural circuits related to memory formation and storage, and its development, morphology, wiring, and function has been extensively studied. MBs consist of intrinsic Kenyon Cells that are divided into three major neuron classes ({gamma}, /{beta} and /{beta}) and 7 cell subtypes ({gamma}d, {gamma}m, /{beta}ap, /{beta}m, /{beta}p, /{beta}s and /{beta}c) based on their birth order, morphology, and connectivity. These subtypes play distinct roles in memory processing, however the underlying transcriptional differences are unknown. Here, we used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to profile the nuclear transcriptomes of each MB neuronal cell subtypes. We identified 350 MB class- or subtype-specific genes, including the widely used /{beta} class marker Fas2 and the /{beta} class marker trio. Immunostaining corroborates the RNA-seq measurements at the protein level for several cases. Importantly, our data provide a full accounting of the neurotransmitter receptors, transporters, neurotransmitter biosynthetic enzymes, neuropeptides, and neuropeptide receptors expressed within each of these cell types. This high-quality, cell type-level transcriptome catalog for the Drosophila MB provides a valuable resource for the fly neuroscience community.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shih, M.-F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, F. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henry, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dubnau, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/412569</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nuclear transcriptomes of the seven neuronal cell types that constitute the Drosophila mushroom bodies.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/422477v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-throughput mapping of mesoscale connectomes in individual mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/422477v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Comprehensive analysis of neuronal networks requires brain-wide measurement of connectivity, activity, and gene expression. Although high-throughput methods are available for mapping brain-wide activity and transcriptomes, comparable methods for mapping region-to-region connectivity remain slow and expensive because they require averaging across hundreds of brains. Here we describe BRICseq, which leverages DNA barcoding and sequencing to map connectivity from single individuals in a few weeks and at low cost. Applying BRICseq to the mouse neocortex, we find that region-to-region connectivity provides a simple bridge relating transcriptome to activity: The spatial expression patterns of a few genes predict region-to-region connectivity, and connectivity predicts activity correlations. We also exploited BRICseq to map the mutant BTBR mouse brain, which lacks a corpus callosum, and recapitulated its known connectopathies. BRICseq allows individual laboratories to compare how age, sex, environment, genetics and species affect neuronal wiring, and to integrate these with functional activity and gene expression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kebschull, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furth, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Musall, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufman, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Churchland, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zador, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/422477</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-throughput mapping of mesoscale connectomes in individual mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/436634v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RegTools: Integrated analysis of genomic and transcriptomic data for discovery of splicing variants in cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/436634v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Somatic mutations within non-coding regions and even exons may have unidentified regulatory consequences that are often overlooked in analysis workflows. Here we present RegTools (www.regtools.org), a computationally efficient, free, and open-source software package designed to integrate somatic variants from genomic data with splice junctions from bulk or single cell transcriptomic data to identify variants that may cause aberrant splicing. RegTools was applied to over 9,000 tumor samples with both tumor DNA and RNA sequence data. We discovered 235,778 events where a splice-associated variant significantly increased the splicing of a particular junction, across 158,200 unique variants and 131,212 unique junctions. To characterize these somatic variants and their associated splice isoforms, we annotated them with the Variant Effect Predictor (VEP), SpliceAI, and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) junction counts and compared our results to other tools that integrate genomic and transcriptomic data. While many events were corroborated by the aforementioned tools, the flexibility of RegTools also allowed us to identify novel splice-associated variants and previously unreported patterns of splicing disruption in known cancer drivers, such as TP53, CDKN2A, and B2M, as well as in genes not previously considered cancer-relevant.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Feng, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cotto, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skidmore, Z. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kunisaki, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conrad, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chapman, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uppaulri, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Govindan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffith, O. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffith, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/436634</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RegTools: Integrated analysis of genomic and transcriptomic data for discovery of splicing variants in cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/441337v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Estimation of allele-specific fitness effects across human protein-coding sequences and implications for disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/441337v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A central challenge in human genomics is to understand the cellular, evolutionary, and clinical significance of genetic variants. Here we introduce a unified population-genetic and machine-learning model, called Linear Allele-Specific Selection InferencE (LASSIE), for estimating the fitness effects of all potential single-nucleotide variants, based on polymorphism data and predictive genomic features. We applied LASSIE to 51 high-coverage genome sequences annotated with 33 genomic features, and constructed a map of allele-specific selection coefficients across all protein-coding sequences in the human genome. We show that this map is informative about both human evolution and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siepel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/441337</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Estimation of allele-specific fitness effects across human protein-coding sequences and implications for disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/458992v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A brain network basis of Fragile X syndrome behavioral penetrance determined by X chromosome inactivation in female mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/458992v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Non-random (skewed) X chromosome inactivation (XCI) in the female brain can ameliorate X-linked phenotypes, though clinical studies typically consider 80-90% skewing favoring the healthy allele as necessary for this effect1-10. Here we quantify for the first time whole-brain XCI at single-cell resolution and discover a preferential inactivation of paternal to maternal X at [~]60:40 ratio, which surprisingly impacts disease penetrance. In Fragile-X-syndrome mouse model, Fmr1-KO allele transmitted maternally in [~]60% brain cells causes phenotypes, but paternal transmission in [~]40% cells is unexpectedly tolerated. In the affected maternal Fmr1-KO(m)/+ mice, local XCI variability within distinct brain networks further determines sensory versus social manifestations, revealing a stochastic source of X-linked phenotypic diversity. Taken together, our data show that a modest [~]60% bias favoring the healthy allele is sufficient to ameliorate X-linked phenotypic penetrance, suggesting that conclusions of many clinical XCI studies using the 80-90% threshold should be re-evaluated. Furthermore, the paternal origin of the XCI bias points to a novel evolutionary mechanism acting to counter the higher rate of de novo mutations in male germiline11-16. Finally, the brain capacity to tolerate a major genetic lesion in [~]40% cells is also relevant for interpreting other neurodevelopmental genetic conditions, such as brain somatic mosaicism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Szelenyi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisenne, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knox, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gornet, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palaniswamy, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venkataraju, K. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osten, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/458992</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A brain network basis of Fragile X syndrome behavioral penetrance determined by X chromosome inactivation in female mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/464735v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DeepNose: Using artificial neural networks to represent the space of odorants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/464735v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The olfactory system employs an ensemble of odorant receptors (ORs) to sense odorants and to derive olfactory percepts. We trained artificial neural networks to represent the chemical space of odorants and used that representation to predict human olfactory percepts. We hypothesized that ORs may be considered 3D spatial filters that extract molecular features and can be trained using conventional machine learning methods. First, we trained an autoencoder, called DeepNose, to deduce a low-dimensional representation of odorant molecules which were represented by their 3D spatial structure. Next, we tested the ability of DeepNose features in predicting physical properties and odorant percepts based on 3D molecular structure alone. We found that despite the lack of human expertise, DeepNose features led to perceptual predictions of comparable accuracy to molecular descriptors often used in computational chemistry. We propose that DeepNose network can extract de novo chemical features predictive of various bioactivities and can help understand the factors influencing the composition of ORs ensemble.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tran, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kepple, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shuvaev, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koulakov, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/464735</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DeepNose: Using artificial neural networks to represent the space of odorants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/464842v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Detection of rare disease-related genetic variants using the birthday model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/464842v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationExome sequencing is a powerful technique for the identification of disease-causing genes. A number of Mendelian inherited disease genes have been identified through this method. However, it remains a challenge to leverage exome sequencing for the study of complex disorders, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, due to the genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of these disorders. Although not feasible for many studies, sequencing large sample sizes (>10,000) may improve statistical power to associate more variants, while the aggregation of distinct rare variants associated with a given disease can make the identification of causal genes statistically challenging. Therefore, new methods for rare variant association are imperative to identify causative genes of complex disorders.nnResultsHere we propose a method to predict causative rare variants using a popular probabilistic problem: The Birthday Model, which estimates the probability that multiple individuals in a group share the same birthday. We consider the probability and coincidence of samples sharing a variant akin to the chance of individuals sharing the same birthday. We investigated the parameter effects of our model, providing guidelines for its use and interpretation of the results. Using published data on autism spectrum disorder, hypertriglyceridemia in addition to a current case-control study on bipolar disorder, we evaluated this probabilistic method to identify potential causative variants. Several genes in the top results of the case-control study were associated with autism spectrum and bipolar disorder. Given that the core probability based on the birthday model is very sensitive to low recurrence, the method successfully tests the association of rare variants, which generally do not provide enough signal in commonly used statistical tests. Importantly, the simplicity of the model allows quick interpretation of genomic data, enabling users to select gene candidates for further biological validation of specific mutations and downstream functional or other studies.nnAvailabilityhttps://github.com/yberstein/Birthday-Alqorithm http://labshare.cshl.edu/shares/mccombielab/www-data/Birthday-Algorithm/Birthday-Alqorithm.htmlnnContactyberstei@cshl.edu (or yaelberstein@gmail.com)nnSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available online.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Berstein, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCarthy, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kramer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCombie, W. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/464842</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Detection of rare disease-related genetic variants using the birthday model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/473314v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SYNPLA: A synapse-specific method for identifying learning-induced synaptic plasticity loci 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/473314v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Which neural circuits undergo synaptic changes when an animal learns? Although it is widely accepted that changes in synaptic strength underlie many forms of learning and memory, it remains challenging to connect changes in synaptic strength at specific neural pathways to specific behaviors and memories. Here we introduce SYNPLA (SYNaptic Proximity Ligation Assay), a synapse-specific, high-throughput and potentially brain-wide method capable of detecting circuit-specific learning-induced synaptic plasticity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dore, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soria Lopez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aronson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merrill, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zador, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malinow, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kebschull, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/473314</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SYNPLA: A synapse-specific method for identifying learning-induced synaptic plasticity loci]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/473421v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Overly strong priors for socially meaningful visual signals in psychosis proneness 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/473421v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Predictive coding accounts of psychosis state that an overweighing of high-level priors relative to sensory information may lead to the misperception of meaningful signals underlying the experience of auditory hallucinations and delusions. However, it is currently unclear whether the hypothesized overweighing of priors (1) represents a pervasive alteration that also affects the visual modality, and, (2) takes already effect at early automatic processing stages.nnHere, we addressed these questions by studying visual perception of socially meaningful stimuli in healthy individuals with varying degrees of psychosis proneness (n=39). In a first task, we quantified participants prior for detecting faces in visual noise. In a second task, we measured participants prior for detecting direct gaze stimuli that were rendered invisible by continuous flash suppression. We found that the prior for detecting faces in noise correlated with hallucination proneness (rho=0.50, p=0.001) as well as delusion proneness (rho=0.44, p=0.005). Similarly, the prior for detecting invisible direct gaze was significantly associated with hallucination proneness (rho = 0.42, p = 0.010) and trend-wise with delusion proneness (rho = 0.29, p = 0.087). Our results provide evidence for the idea that overly strong high-level priors for automatically detecting socially meaningful stimuli might constitute a generic processing alteration in psychosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stuke, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kress, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weilnhammer, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sterzer, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmack, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/473421</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Overly strong priors for socially meaningful visual signals in psychosis proneness]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/490797v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Diversity of GABAergic interneurons and diversification of communication modules in cortical networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/490797v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The phenotypic diversity of cortical GABAergic neurons is likely necessary for their functional versatility in shaping exquisite spatiotemporal dynamics of circuit operations underlying cognitive processes. Deciphering the logic of this diversity requires overcoming the technical challenge of quantitative and comprehensive analysis of multi-modal cell features as well as the conceptual challenge of formulating a framework of neuronal identity that reflects biological mechanisms and principles. In the past few years, advances in high-throughput single cell analyses began to generate unprecedented datasets on interneuron transcriptomes, morphology and electrophysiology that drive their classification. Recent studies suggest that cardinal interneuron types can be defined by their synaptic communication properties encoded in key transcriptional signatures - a conceptual framework that integrates across phenotypic features and captures neuronal input-output properties elemental to circuit operation. This definition may further facilitate understanding the appropriate granularity of neuron types toward building a biologically-grounded and operationally useful interneuron taxonomy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/490797</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Diversity of GABAergic interneurons and diversification of communication modules in cortical networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/492918v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamics of microRNA expression during mouse prenatal development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/492918v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. The ENCODE project profiled the expression of miRNAs in a comprehensive set of tissues during a time-course of mouse embryonic development and captured the expression dynamics of 785 miRNAs. We found distinct tissue and developmental stage specific miRNA expression clusters, with an overall pattern of increasing tissue specific expression as development proceeds. Comparative analysis of conserved miRNAs in mouse and human revealed stronger clustering of expression patterns by tissue types rather than by species. An analysis of messenger RNA gene expression clusters compared with miRNA expression clusters identifies the potential role of specific miRNA expression clusters in suppressing the expression of mRNAs specific to other developmental programs in the tissue where these microRNAs are expressed during embryonic development. Our results provide the most comprehensive timecourse of miRNA expression as an integrated part of the ENCODE reference dataset for mouse embryonic development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Murad, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahmanian, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breschi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mackiewicz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meadows, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trout, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaleski, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sei, L.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drenkow, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scavelli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gingeras, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wold, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myers, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guigo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mortazavi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/492918</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamics of microRNA expression during mouse prenatal development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/519637v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fast and accurate reference-guided scaffolding of draft genomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/519637v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundAs the number of new genome assemblies continues to grow, there is increasing demand for methods to coalesce contigs from draft assemblies into pseudomolecules. Most current methods use genetic maps, optical maps, chromatin conformation (Hi-C), or other long-range linking data, however these data are expensive and analysis methods often fail to accurately order and orient a high percentage of assembly contigs. Other approaches utilize alignments to a reference genome for ordering and orienting, however these tools rely on slow aligners and are not robust to repetitive contigs.nnResultsWe present RaGOO, an open-source reference-guided contig ordering and orienting tool that leverages the speed and sensitivity of Minimap2 to accurately achieve chromosome-scale assemblies in just minutes. With the pseudomolecules constructed, RaGOO identifies structural variants, including those spanning sequencing gaps that are not reported by alternative methods. We show that RaGOO accurately orders and orients contigs into nearly complete chromosomes based on de novo assemblies of Oxford Nanopore long-read sequencing from three wild and domesticated tomato genotypes, including the widely used M82 reference cultivar. We then demonstrate the scalability and utility of RaGOO with a pan-genome analysis of 103 Arabidopsis thaliana accessions by examining the structural variants detected in the newly assembled pseudomolecules. RaGOO is available open-source with an MIT license at https://github.com/malonge/RaGOO.nnConclusionsWe demonstrate that with a highly contiguous assembly and a structurally accurate reference genome, reference-guided scaffolding with RaGOO outperforms error-prone reference-free methods and enable rapid pan-genome analysis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alonge, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soyk, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramakrishnan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodwin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sedlazeck, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lippman, Z. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schatz, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/519637</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fast and accurate reference-guided scaffolding of draft genomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/533166v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Is it time to change the reference genome? 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/533166v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The use of the human reference genome has shaped methods and data across modern genomics. This has offered many benefits while creating a few constraints. In the following piece, we outline the history, properties, and pitfalls of the current human reference genome. In a few illustrative analyses, we focus on its use for variant-calling, highlighting its nearness to a "type specimen". We suggest that switching to a consensus reference offers important advantages over the current reference with few disadvantages.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ballouz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/533166</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Is it time to change the reference genome?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/540112v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell non-autonomous interactions during non-immune stromal progression in the breast tumor microenvironment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/540112v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryThe breast tumor microenvironment of primary and metastatic sites is a complex milieu of differing cell populations, consisting of tumor cells and the surrounding stroma. Despite recent progress in delineating the immune component of the stroma, the genomic expression landscape of the non-immune stroma (NIS) population and their role in mediating cancer progression and informing effective therapies are not well understood. Here we obtained 52 cell-sorted NIS and epithelial tissue samples across 37 patients from i) normal breast, ii) normal breast adjacent to primary tumor, iii) primary tumor, and iv) metastatic tumor sites. Deep RNA-seq revealed diverging gene expression profiles as the NIS evolves from normal to metastatic tumor tissue, with intra-patient normal-primary variation comparable to inter-patient variation. Significant expression changes between normal and adjacent normal tissue support the notion of a cancer field effect, but extended out to the NIS. Most differentially expressed protein-coding genes and lncRNAs were found to be associated with pattern formation, embryogenesis, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We validated the protein expression changes of a novel candidate gene, C2orf88, by immunohistochemistry staining of representative tissues. Significant mutual information between epithelial ligand and NIS receptor gene expression, across primary and metastatic tissue, suggests a unidirectional model of molecular signaling between the two tissues. Furthermore, survival analyses of 827 luminal breast tumor samples demonstrated the predictive power of the NIS gene expression to inform clinical outcomes. Together, these results highlight the evolution of NIS gene expression in breast tumors and suggest novel therapeutic strategies targeting the microenvironment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Utama, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bastian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadagopan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antoniou, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pillai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atwal, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/540112</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell non-autonomous interactions during non-immune stromal progression in the breast tumor microenvironment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/548164v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Control of Shoot Meristem Size by an Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetase, OKI1, in Arabidopsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/548164v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In plants, the stem cells that form the shoot system reside within the shoot apical meristem (SAM), which is regulated by feedback signaling between the WUSCHEL (WUS) homeobox protein and CLAVATA (CLV) peptides and receptors. WUS-CLV feedback signaling can be modulated by various endogenous or exogenous factors such as chromatin state, hormone signaling, reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling and nutrition, leading to a dynamic control of SAM size corresponding to meristem activity. Despite these insights, however, the knowledge of genes that control stem cell fate is still limited, and in particular the regulation by ROS signaling is only beginning to be comprehended. Here, we report a new regulator of SAM size, OKINA KUKI (OKI1), which is expressed in the SAM and encodes a mitochondrial aspartyl tRNA synthetase (AspRS). oki1 mutants display enlarged SAMs with abnormal expression of WUS and CLV3, and overaccumulation of ROS in the meristem. Our findings support the importance of normal AspRS function in the maintenance of the WUS-CLV3 feedback loop and SAM size.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kitagawa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balkunde, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bui, H. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/548164</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Control of Shoot Meristem Size by an Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetase, OKI1, in Arabidopsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/560532v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Samovar: Single-sample mosaic SNV calling with linked reads 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/560532v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We present Samovar, a mosaic single-nucleotide variant (SNV) caller for linked-read whole-genome shotgun sequencing data. Samovar scores candidate sites using a random forest model trained using the input dataset that considers read quality, phasing, and linked-read characteristics. We show Samovar calls mosaic SNVs within a single sample with accuracy comparable to what previously required trios or matched tumor/normal pairs and outperform single-sample mosaic variant callers at MAF 5%-50% with at least 30x coverage. Furthermore, we use Samovar to find somatic variants in whole genome sequencing of both tumor and normal from 13 pediatric cancer cases that can be corroborated with high recall with whole exome sequencing. Samovar is available open-source at https://github.com/cdarby/samovar under the MIT license.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Darby, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitch, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennan, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bir, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magrini, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leonard, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cottrell, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gastier-Foster, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mardis, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langmead, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schatz, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/560532</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Samovar: Single-sample mosaic SNV calling with linked reads]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/570200v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GCNA interacts with Spartan and Topoisomerase II to regulate genome stability. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/570200v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
GCNA proteins are expressed across eukarya in pluripotent cells and have conserved functions in fertility. GCNA homologs Spartan/DVC-1 and Wss1 resolve DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs), including Topoisomerase-DNA adducts, during DNA replication. We show that GCNA and Topoisomerase 2 (Top2) physically interact and colocalize on condensed chromosomes during mitosis, when Spartan is not present. We show that C. elegans gcna-1 mutants are sensitive to Top2 poison and accumulate mutations consistent with low fidelity repair of DNA damage, leading to loss of fitness and fertility over generations. We also demonstrate that mouse GCNA interacts with TOP2, and Gcna-mutant mice exhibit abnormalities consistent with the inability to process DPCs, including chromatin condensation and crossover defects. Together, our findings provide evidence that GCNA maintains genomic integrity by processing Top2 DPCs in the germline and early embryo, where the genome is challenged with an increased DPC burden.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Davis, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dokshin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sawle, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eldridge, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romer, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gourley, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molesworth, L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tatnell, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozturk, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Rooij, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hannon, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Page, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mello, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carmell, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/570200</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GCNA interacts with Spartan and Topoisomerase II to regulate genome stability.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/574509v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Postmortem Cortex Samples Identify Distinct Molecular Subtypes of ALS: Retrotransposon Activation, Oxidative Stress, and Activated Glia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/574509v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of motor neurons. While several inherited pathogenic mutations have been identified as causative, the vast majority of cases are sporadic with no family history of disease. Thus, for the majority of ALS cases, a specific causal abnormality is not known and the disease may be a product of multiple inter-related pathways contributing to varying degrees in different ALS patients. Using unsupervised machine learning algorithms, we stratified the transcriptomes of 148 ALS decedent cortex tissue samples into three distinct and robust molecular subtypes. The largest cluster, identified in 61% of patient samples, displayed hallmarks of oxidative and proteotoxic stress. Another 20% of the ALS patient samples exhibited high levels of retrotransposon expression and other signatures of TDP-43 dysfunction. Finally, a third group showed predominant signatures of glial activation (19%). Together these results demonstrate that at least three distinct molecular signatures contribute to ALS disease. While multiple dysregulated components and pathways comprising these clusters have previously been implicated in ALS pathogenesis, unbiased analysis of this large survey demonstrated that sporadic ALS patient tissues can be segregated into distinct molecular subsets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tam, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rozhkov, N. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaw, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hubbard, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fennessey, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Propp, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>The NYGC ALS Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fagegaltier, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ostrow, L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phatnani, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravits, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dubnau, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gale Hammell, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/574509</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Postmortem Cortex Samples Identify Distinct Molecular Subtypes of ALS: Retrotransposon Activation, Oxidative Stress, and Activated Glia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/580167v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-resolution cryo-EM structures of outbreak strain human norovirus shells reveal size variations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/580167v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Noroviruses are a leading cause of food-borne illnesses worldwide. Although GII.4 strains have been responsible for most norovirus outbreaks, the assembled virus shell structures have been available in detail for only a single strain (GI.1). We present high-resolution (2.6-4.1 [A]) cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of GII.4, GII.2, GI.7 and GI.1 human norovirus outbreak strain virus-like particles (VLPs). Although norovirus VLPs have been thought to exist in a single-sized assembly, our structures reveal polymorphism between and within genogroups with small, medium and large particle sizes observed. We developed a new asymmetric reconstruction method and resolved a metal ion adjacent to the co-receptor binding site, which affected the structural stability of the shell. Our structures serve as valuable templates for facilitating vaccine formulations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jung, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grant, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diehnelt, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grigorieff, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshua-Tor, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/580167</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-resolution cryo-EM structures of outbreak strain human norovirus shells reveal size variations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/580175v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The role of mutation bias in adaptive molecular evolution: insights from convergent changes in protein function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/580175v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
An underexplored question in evolutionary genetics concerns the extent to which mutational bias in the production of genetic variation influences outcomes and pathways of adaptive molecular evolution. In the genomes of at least some vertebrate taxa, an important form of mutation bias involves changes at CpG dinucleotides: If the DNA nucleotide cytosine (C) is immediately 5 to guanine (G) on the same coding strand, then - depending on methylation status - point mutations at both sites occur at an elevated rate relative to mutations at non-CpG sites. Here we examine experimental data from case studies in which it has been possible to identify the causative substitutions that are responsible for adaptive changes in the functional properties of vertebrate hemoglobin (Hb). Specifically, we examine the molecular basis of convergent increases in Hb-O2 affinity in high-altitude birds. Using a data set of experimentally verified, affinity-enhancing mutations in the Hbs of highland avian taxa, we tested whether causative changes are enriched for mutations at CpG dinucleotides relative to the frequency of CpG mutations among all possible missense mutations. The tests revealed that a disproportionate number of causative amino acid replacements were attributable to CpG mutations, suggesting that mutation bias can influence outcomes of molecular adaptation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Storz, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Natarajan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Signore, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Witt, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCandlish, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoltzfus, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/580175</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The role of mutation bias in adaptive molecular evolution: insights from convergent changes in protein function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/589069v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discovery of ongoing selective sweeps within Anopheles mosquito populations using deep learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/589069v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Identification of partial sweeps, which include both hard and soft sweeps that have not currently reached fixation, provides crucial information about ongoing evolutionary responses. To this end, we introduce partialS/HIC, a deep learning method to discover selective sweeps from population genomic data. partialS/HIC uses a convolutional neural network for image processing, which is trained with a large suite of summary statistics derived from coalescent simulations incorporating population-specific history, to distinguish between completed versus partial sweeps, hard versus soft sweeps, and regions directly affected by selection versus those merely linked to nearby selective sweeps. We perform several simulation experiments under various demographic scenarios to demonstrate partialS/HICs performance, which exhibits excellent resolution for detecting partial sweeps. We also apply our classifier to whole genomes from eight mosquito populations sampled across sub-Saharan Africa by the Anopheles gambiae 1000 Genomes Consortium, elucidating both continent-wide patterns as well as sweeps unique to specific geographic regions. These populations have experienced intense insecticide exposure over the past two decades, and we observe a strong overrepresentation of sweeps at insecticide resistance loci. Our analysis thus provides a list of candidate adaptive loci that may be relevant to mosquito control efforts. More broadly, our supervised machine learning approach introduces a method to distinguish between completed and partial sweeps, as well as between hard and soft sweeps, under a variety of demographic scenarios. As whole-genome data rapidly accumulate for a greater diversity of organisms, partialS/HIC addresses an increasing demand for useful selection scan tools that can track in-progress evolutionary dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xue, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schrider, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kern, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ag1000G Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/589069</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discovery of ongoing selective sweeps within Anopheles mosquito populations using deep learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/590547v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single chromosome gains can function as metastasis suppressors and metastasis promoters 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/590547v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most human tumors display chromosome-scale copy number alterations, and high levels of aneuploidy are frequently associated with advanced disease and poor patient prognosis. To examine the relationship between aneuploidy and cancer progression, we generated and analyzed a series of congenic human cell lines that harbor single extra chromosomes. We find that different aneuploidies can have distinct effects on invasive behavior: across 13 different cell lines, 12 trisomies suppressed invasiveness or were largely neutral, while a single trisomy increased metastatic behavior by triggering a partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In contrast, chromosomal instability, which can lead to the development of aneuploidy, uniformly suppressed cellular invasion. By analyzing genomic copy number and survival data from 10,133 cancer patients, we demonstrate that specific aneuploidies are associated with distinct clinical outcomes, and the acquisition of certain aneuploidies is in fact linked with a favorable prognosis. Thus, aneuploidy is not a uniform driver of malignancy, and different chromosome copy number changes can uniquely influence tumor progression. At the same time, the gain of a single chromosome is capable of inducing a profound cell state transition, underscoring how genomic plasticity can engender phenotypic plasticity and lead to the acquisition of enhanced metastatic properties.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vasudevan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baruah, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sayles, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrews, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kendall, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chunduri, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levy, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wigler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Storchova, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheltzer, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/590547</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single chromosome gains can function as metastasis suppressors and metastasis promoters]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/594887v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Opposing contributions of GABAergic and glutamatergic ventral pallidal neurons to motivational behaviours 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/594887v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ventral pallidum (VP) is critical for invigorating reward seeking and is also involved in punishment avoidance, but how it contributes to such opposing behavioural actions remains unclear. Here we show that GABAergic and glutamatergic VP neurons selectively control behaviour in opposing motivational contexts. In vivo recording combined with optogenetics in mice revealed that these two populations oppositely encode positive and negative motivational value, are differentially modulated by animals internal state and determine the behavioural response during motivational conflict. Furthermore, GABAergic VP neurons are essential for movements towards reward in a positive motivational context, but suppress movements in an aversive context. In contrast, glutamatergic VP neurons are essential for movements to avoid a threat but suppress movements in an appetitive context. Our results indicate that GABAergic and glutamatergic VP neurons encode the drive for approach and avoidance, respectively, with the balance between their activities determining the type of motivational behaviour.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stephenson-Jones, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bravo-Rivera, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahrens, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furlan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandes-Henriques, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/594887</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Opposing contributions of GABAergic and glutamatergic ventral pallidal neurons to motivational behaviours]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/612358v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Retinal and callosal activity-dependent chandelier cell elimination shapes binocularity in primary visual cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/612358v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In mammalian primary visual cortex (V1), integration of the left and right visual scene into a binocular percept derives from convergent ipsi- and contralateral geniculocortical inputs and trans-callosal projections between the two hemispheres. However, the underlying developmental mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Using genetic methods in mice we found that during the days before eye-opening, retinal and callosal activity drives massive apoptosis of GABAergic chandelier cells (ChCs) in the binocular region of V1. Blockade of ChC elimination resulted in a contralateral-dominated V1 and deficient binocular vision. As activity patterns within and between retinas prior to vision convey organization of the visual field, their regulation of ChC density through the trans-callosal pathway may prime a nascent binocular territory for subsequent experience-driven tuning during the post-vision critical period.nnOne Sentence SummaryPrior to eye opening the developing retina primes the visual cortex for binocular vision by adjusting the density of a cortical inhibitory neuron type.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernardez Sarria, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crair, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/612358</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Retinal and callosal activity-dependent chandelier cell elimination shapes binocularity in primary visual cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/613828v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lapses in perceptual judgments reflect exploration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/613828v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Perceptual decision-makers often display a constant rate of errors independent of evidence strength. These "lapses" are treated as a nuisance arising from noise tangential to the decision, e.g. inattention or motor errors. Here, we use a multisensory decision task in rats to demonstrate that these explanations cannot account for lapses stimulus dependence. We propose a novel explanation: lapses reflect a strategic trade-off between exploiting known rewarding actions and exploring uncertain ones. We tested the models predictions by selectively manipulating one actions reward magnitude or probability. As uniquely predicted by this model, changes were restricted to lapses associated with that action. Finally, we show that lapses are a powerful tool for assigning decision-related computations to neural structures based on disruption experiments (here, posterior striatum and secondary motor cortex). These results suggest that lapses reflect an integral component of decision-making and are informative about action values in normal and disrupted brain states.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pisupati, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chartarifsky-Lynn, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khanal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Churchland, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/613828</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lapses in perceptual judgments reflect exploration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/631689v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tissue-specific Genome Editing in vivo by MicroRNA-repressible Anti-CRISPR Proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/631689v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CRISPR-Cas systems are bacterial adaptive immune pathways that have revolutionized biotechnology and biomedical applications. Despite the potential for human therapeutic development, there are many hurdles that must be overcome before its use in clinical settings. Some clinical safety concerns arise from persistent activity of Cas9 after the desired editing is complete, or from editing activity in unintended cell types or tissues upon in vivo delivery [e.g. by adeno-associated viruses (AAV)]. Although tissue-specific promoters and serotypes with tissue tropisms can be used, suitably compact promoters are not always available for desired cell types, and AAV tissue tropisms are not absolute. To reinforce tissue-specific editing, we exploited anti-CRISPR proteins (Acrs), which are proteins evolved as countermeasures against CRISPR immunity. To inhibit Cas9 in all ancillary tissues without compromising editing in the target tissue, we established a flexible platform in which an Acr transgene is repressed by endogenous, tissue-specific microRNAs (miRNAs). We demonstrate that miRNAs regulate the expression of an Acr transgene bearing miRNA-binding sites in its 3 UTR, and control subsequent genome editing outcomes in a cell-type specific manner. We also show that the strategy is applicable to multiple Cas9 orthologs and their respective Acrs. Furthermore, we demonstrate that in vivo delivery of Cas9 and Acrs that are targeted for repression by liver-specific miR-122 allow editing in the liver while Acrs devoid of miRNA regulation prevent Cas9 activity. This strategy provides additional safeguards against off-tissue genome editing by confining Cas9 activity to selected cell types.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibraheim, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, S.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sontheimer, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/631689</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tissue-specific Genome Editing in vivo by MicroRNA-repressible Anti-CRISPR Proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/632315v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HYPER-sol: flash-frozen results from archival FFPE tissue for clinical proteomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/632315v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Massive formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue archives exist worldwide, representing a potential gold mine for clinical proteomics research. However, current protocols for FFPE proteomics lack standardization, efficiency, reproducibility, and scalability. Here we present High-Yield Protein Extraction and Recovery by direct SOLubilization (HYPERsol), an optimized workflow using adaptive-focused acoustics (AFA) ultrasonication and S-Trap sample processing that enables proteome coverage and quantification from FFPE samples comparable to that achieved from flash-frozen tissue (average R = 0.936).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marchione, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ilieva, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappin, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wojcik, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/632315</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HYPER-sol: flash-frozen results from archival FFPE tissue for clinical proteomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/634154v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Differential functions of splicing factors in breast-cancer initiation and metastasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/634154v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Misregulation of alternative splicing is a hallmark of human tumors; yet to what extent and how it contributes to malignancy are only beginning to be unraveled. Here, we define which members of the splicing factor SR and SR-like families contribute to breast cancer, and uncover differences and redundancies in their targets and biological functions. We first identify splicing factors frequently altered in human breast tumors, and then assay their oncogenic functions using breast organoid models. Importantly we demonstrate that not all splicing factors affect mammary tumorigenesis. Specifically, upregulation of either SRSF4, SRSF6 or TRA2{beta} promotes cell transformation and invasion. By characterizing the targets of theses oncogenic factors, we identify a shared set of spliced genes associated with well-established cancer hallmarks. Finally, we demonstrate that the splicing factor TRA2{beta} is regulated by the MYC oncogene, plays a role in metastasis maintenance in vivo, and its levels correlate with breast-cancer-patient survival.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Das, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akerman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brugioli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kesarwani, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leclair, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urbanski, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, K.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hua, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muthuswamy, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krainer, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anczukow, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/634154</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Differential functions of splicing factors in breast-cancer initiation and metastasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/635029v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Logomaker: beautiful sequence logos in Python 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/635029v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sequence logos are visually compelling ways of illustrating the biological properties of DNA, RNA, and protein sequences, yet it is currently difficult to generate such logos within the Python programming environment. Here we introduce Logomaker, a Python API for creating publication-quality sequence logos. Logomaker can produce both standard and highly customized logos from any matrix-like array of numbers. Logos are rendered as vector graphics that are easy to stylize using standard matplotlib functions. Methods for creating logos from multiple-sequence alignments are also included.nnAvailability and ImplementationLogomaker can be installed using the pip package manager and is compatible with both Python 2.7 and Python 3.6. Source code is available at http://github.com/jbkinney/logomaker.nnSupplemental InformationDocumentation is provided at http://logomaker.readthedocs.io.nnContactjkinney@cshl.edu.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tareen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinney, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/635029</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Logomaker: beautiful sequence logos in Python]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/636969v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Salt-Inducible Kinase inhibitor YKL-05-099 suppresses MEF2C function and acute myeloid leukemia progression in vivo 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/636969v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lineage-defining transcription factors (TFs) are compelling targets for leukemia therapy, yet they are among the most challenging proteins to modulate directly with small molecules. We previously used CRISPR screening to identify a Salt-Inducible Kinase 3 (SIK3) requirement for the growth of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines that overexpress the lineage TF MEF2C. In this context, SIK3 maintains MEF2C function by directly phosphorylating histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4), a repressive cofactor of MEF2C. Here, we evaluated whether inhibition of SIK3 with the tool compound YKL-05-099 can suppress MEF2C function and attenuate disease progression in animal models of AML. Genetic targeting of SIK3 or MEF2C selectively suppressed the growth of transformed hematopoietic cells under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Similar phenotypes were obtained when exposing cells to YKL-05-099, which caused cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MEF2C-expressing AML cell lines. An epigenomic analysis revealed that YKL-05-099 rapidly suppressed MEF2C function by altering the phosphorylation state and nuclear localization of HDAC4. Using a gatekeeper allele of SIK3, we found that the anti-proliferative effects of YKL-05-099 occurred through on-target inhibition of SIK3 kinase activity. Based on these findings, we treated two different mouse models of MLL-AF9 AML with YKL-05-099, which attenuated disease progression in vivo and extended animal survival at well-tolerated doses. These findings validate SIK3 as a therapeutic target in MEF2C-positive AML and provide a rationale for developing drug-like inhibitors of SIK3 for definitive pre-clinical investigation and for studies in human patients with leukemia.nnKey PointsAML cells are uniquely sensitive to genetic or chemical inhibition of Salt-Inducible Kinase 3 in vitro and in vivo.nnA SIK inhibitor YKL-05-099 suppresses MEF2C function and AML in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tarumoto, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milazzo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gray, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stegmaier, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vakoc, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/636969</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Salt-Inducible Kinase inhibitor YKL-05-099 suppresses MEF2C function and acute myeloid leukemia progression in vivo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/640169v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Methods Matter -- Standard Production Platforms For Recombinant AAV Can Produce Chemically And Functionally Distinct Vectors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/640169v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Different manufacturing approaches have been used in the production of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV). The two leading approaches are transiently transfected human HEK293 cells and live baculovirus infection of Sf9 insect cells. Unexplained differences in vector performance have been seen clinically and preclinically. Thus, we performed for the first time a highly controlled comparative production analysis varying only the host cell species but keeping all other rAAV production parameters the same. We demonstrate that host cell species is critical for determining vector potency. Given these key findings, we then sought to deeply characterize differences in rAAVs when produced by these two manufacturing platforms with multiple analytical approaches including: proteomic profiling by mass spectrometry, isoelectric focusing, cryo-EM, denaturation assays, genomic and epigenomic sequencing of packaged genomes, human cytokine profiling, and comparative functional transduction assessments in vitro and in vivo, including in humanized liver mice. Using these tools weve made two major discoveries: 1) rAAV capsids have post-translational modifications (PTMs) including glycosylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation and deamidation, and these PTMs differ between platforms; 2) rAAV genomes are methylated during production, and these methylation marks are also differentially deposited between platforms. In addition, our data also demonstrate that host cell protein impurities differ between platforms and can have their own PTMs including potentially immunogenic N-linked glycans. We show that human-produced rAAVs are more potent than baculovirus-Sf9 vectors in various cell types in vitro (P < 0.05-0.0001), in various mouse tissues in vivo (P < 0.03-0.0001), and in human liver in vivo (P < 0.005). Collectively, our findings were reproducible across vendors, including commercial manufacturers, academic core facilities, and individual laboratory preparations. These vector differences may have clinical implications for rAAV receptor binding, trafficking, expression kinetics, expression durability, vector immunogenicity as well as cost considerations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rumachik, N. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malaker, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poweleit, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maynard, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leib, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cirolia, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stamnes, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holt, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sinn, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>May, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paulk, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/640169</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Methods Matter -- Standard Production Platforms For Recombinant AAV Can Produce Chemically And Functionally Distinct Vectors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/642306v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In the presence of population structure: From genomics to candidate genes underlying local adaptation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/642306v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding the genomic signatures, genes, and traits underlying local adaptation of organisms to heterogeneous environments is of central importance to the field evolutionary biology. Mixed linear mrsodels that identify allele associations to environment, while controlling for genome-wide variation at other loci, have emerged as the method of choice when studying local adaptation. Despite their importance, it is unclear whether this approach performs better than identifying environmentally-associated SNPs without accounting for population structure. To examine this, we first use the mixed linear model GEMMA, and simple Spearman correlations, to identify SNPs showing significant associations to climate with and without accounting for population structure. Subsequently, using Italy and Sweden populations, we compare evidence of allele frequency differentiation (FST), linkage disequilibrium (LD), fitness variation, and functional constraint, underlying these SNPs. Using a lenient cut-off for significance, we find that SNPs identified by both approaches, and SNPs uniquely identified by Spearman correlations, were enriched at sites showing genomic evidence of local adaptation and function but were limited across Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) explaining fitness variation. SNPs uniquely identified by GEMMA, showed no direct or indirect evidence of local adaptation, and no enrichment along putative functional sites. Finally, SNPs that showed significantly high FST and LD, were enriched along fitness QTL peaks and cis-regulatory/nonsynonymous sites showing significant functional constraint. Using these SNPs, we identify genes underlying fitness QTL, and genes linking flowering time to local adaptation. These include a regulator of abscisic-acid (FLDH) and flowering time genes PIF3, FIO1, and COL5.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Price, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Platts, A. E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lasky, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKay, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/642306</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In the presence of population structure: From genomics to candidate genes underlying local adaptation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/642330v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pregnancy reprograms the enhancer landscape of mammary epithelial cells and alters the response to cMYC-driven oncogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/642330v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pregnancy leaves a series of cellular and molecular modifications on mammary epithelial cells (MECs). Pregnancy is also known for decreasing the predisposition of rodent and human MECs to oncogenesis. Here, in order to understand the molecular basis for this effect, we analyzed epigenetic changes in the enhancer landscape of murine post-pregnancy MECs, together with their effect on gene regulation, tissue development and oncogenesis. Using in vivo and in vitro analyses, we found that completion of a pregnancy cycle changed the dynamics of cellular proliferation and gene expression in response to a second pregnancy. Our results also demonstrated that post-pregnancy MECs are resistant to the initial molecular programs driven by cMYC overexpression, a response that blocked MEC proliferation but did not perturb the pregnancy-induced epigenomic landscape. Overall, our findings suggest that pregnancy-induced mammary cancer prevention involves the epigenomic changes in MECs brought about by pregnancy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Feigman, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moss, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cyrill, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ciccone, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frey, W. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilkinson, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>dos Santos, C. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/642330</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pregnancy reprograms the enhancer landscape of mammary epithelial cells and alters the response to cMYC-driven oncogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/650093v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Localized semi-nonnegative matrix factorization (LocaNMF) of widefield calcium imaging data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/650093v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Widefield calcium imaging enables recording of large-scale neural activity across the mouse dorsal cortex. In order to examine the relationship of these neural signals to the resulting behavior, it is critical to demix the recordings into meaningful spatial and temporal components that can be mapped onto well-defined brain regions. However, no current tools satisfactorily extract the activity of the different brain regions in individual mice in a data-driven manner, while taking into account mouse-specific and preparation-specific differences. Here, we introduce Localized semi-Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (LocaNMF), a method that efficiently decomposes widefield video data and allows us to directly compare activity across multiple mice by outputting mouse-specific localized functional regions that are significantly more interpretable than more traditional decomposition techniques. Moreover, it provides a natural subspace to directly compare correlation maps and neural dynamics across different behaviors, mice, and experimental conditions, and enables identification of task- and movement-related brain regions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Saxena, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinsella, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Musall, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meszaros, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thibodeaux, D. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cunningham, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hillman, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Churchland, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paninski, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/650093</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Localized semi-nonnegative matrix factorization (LocaNMF) of widefield calcium imaging data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/654533v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Variant Phasing and Haplotypic Expression from Single-molecule Long-read Sequencing in Maize 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/654533v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractHaplotype phasing of genetic variants in maize is important for interpretation of the genome, population genetic analysis and functional genomic analysis of allelic activity. Accordingly, accurate methods for phasing the full-length isoforms are essential for functional genomics studies. We performed an isoform-level phasing study in maize, using two inbred lines and their reciprocal crosses, based on the single-molecule full-length cDNA sequencing. To phase and analyze the full-length transcripts between hybrids and parents, we developed a tool called IsoPhase. Using this tool, we validated the majority of SNPs called against matching short-read data and identified cases of allele-specific, gene-level and isoform-level expression. Our results revealed that maize parental lines and hybrid lines exhibit different splicing activities. After phasing 6,907 genes in two reciprocal hybrids using embryo, endosperm and root tissues, we annotated the SNPs and identified large-effect genes. In addition, based on single-molecule sequencing, we identified parent-of-origin isoforms in maize hybrids, distinct novel isoforms in maize parent and hybrid lines, and imprinted genes from different tissues. Finally, we characterized variation in cis- and trans-regulatory effects. Our study provides measures of haplotypic expression that could increase accuracy in studies of allelic expression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tseng, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baybayan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eng, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Regulski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chougule, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Buren, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ware, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/654533</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Variant Phasing and Haplotypic Expression from Single-molecule Long-read Sequencing in Maize]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/654848v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Double triage to identify poorly annotated genes in Maize: The missing link in community curation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/654848v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The sophistication of gene prediction algorithms and the abundance of RNA-based evidence for the maize genome may suggest that manual curation of gene models is no longer necessary. However, quality metrics generated by the MAKER-P gene annotation pipeline identified 17,225 of 130,330 (13%) protein-coding transcripts in the B73 Reference Genome V4 gene set with models of low concordance to available biological evidence. Working with eight graduate students, we used the Apollo annotation editor to curate 86 transcript models flagged by quality metrics and a complimentary method using the Gramene gene tree visualizer. All of the triaged models had significant errors - including missing or extra exons, non-canonical splice sites, and incorrect UTRs. A correct transcript model existed for about 60% of genes (or transcripts) flagged by quality metrics; we attribute this to the convention of elevating the transcript with the longest coding sequence (CDS) to the canonical, or first, position. The remaining 40% of flagged genes resulted in novel annotations and represent a manual curation space of about 10% of the maize genome (~4,000 protein-coding genes). MAKER-P metrics have a specificity of 100%, and a sensitivity of 85%; the gene tree visualizer has a specificity of 100%. Together with the Apollo graphical editor, our double triage provides an infrastructure to support the community curation of eukaryotic genomes by scientists, students, and potentially even citizen scientists.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tello-Ruiz, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marco, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, F.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khangura, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sapkota, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stitzer, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wasikowski, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chougule, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barone, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghiban, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muna, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ware, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Micklos, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/654848</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Double triage to identify poorly annotated genes in Maize: The missing link in community curation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/655035v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Maternal experience-dependent cortical plasticity in mice is circuit- and stimulus-specific and requires Mecp2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/655035v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The neurodevelopmental disorder Rett syndrome is caused by mutations in the gene Mecp2. Misexpression of the protein MECP2 is thought to contribute to neuropathology by causing dysregulation of plasticity. Female heterozygous Mecp2 mutants (Mecp2het) failed to acquire a learned maternal retrieval behavior when exposed to pups, an effect linked to disruption of parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory interneurons (PV+) in the auditory cortex. However, the consequences of dysregulated PV+ networks during early maternal experience for auditory cortical sensory activity are unknown. Here we show that maternal experience in wild-type adult female mice (Mecp2wt) triggers suppression of PV+ auditory responses. We also observe concomitant disinhibition of auditory responses in deep-layer pyramidal neurons that is selective for behaviorally-relevant pup vocalizations. These neurons also exhibit sharpened tuning for pup vocalizations following maternal experience. All of these neuronal changes are abolished in Mecp2het, yet a genetic manipulation of GABAergic networks that restores accurate retrieval behavior in Mecp2het also restores maternal experience-dependent plasticity of PV+. Our data are consistent with a growing body of evidence that cortical networks are particularly vulnerable to mutations of Mecp2 in PV+ neurons.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lau, B. Y. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shea, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/655035</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Maternal experience-dependent cortical plasticity in mice is circuit- and stimulus-specific and requires Mecp2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/657676v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FAIRshake: toolkit to evaluate the findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability of research digital resources 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/657676v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As more datasets, tools, workflows, APIs, and other digital resources are produced by the research community, it is becoming increasingly difficult to harmonize and organize these efforts for maximal synergistic integrated utilization. The Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) guiding principles have prompted many stakeholders to consider strategies for tackling this challenge by making these digital resources follow common standards and best practices so that they can become more integrated and organized. Faced with the question of how to make digital resources more FAIR, it has become imperative to measure what it means to be FAIR. The diversity of resources, communities, and stakeholders have different goals and use cases and this makes assessment of FAIRness particularly challenging. To begin resolving this challenge, the FAIRshake toolkit was developed to enable the establishment of community-driven FAIR metrics and rubrics paired with manual, semi- and fully-automated FAIR assessment capabilities. The FAIRshake toolkit contains a database that lists registered digital resources, with their associated metrics, rubrics, and assessments. The FAIRshake toolkit also has a browser extension and a bookmarklet that enables viewing and submitting assessments from any website. The FAIR assessment results are visualized as an insignia that can be viewed on the FAIRshake website, or embedded within hosting websites. Using FAIRshake, a variety of bioinformatics tools, datasets listed on dbGaP, APIs registered in SmartAPI, workflows in Dockstore, and other biomedical digital resources were manually and automatically assessed for FAIRness. In each case, the assessments revealed room for improvement, which prompted enhancements that significantly upgraded FAIRness scores of several digital resources.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Clark, D. J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wojciechowicz, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torre, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jagodnik, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jenkins, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McQuilton, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flamholz, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silverstein, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schilder, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robasky, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castillo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Idaszak, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahalt, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schurer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Miranda Azevedo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klenk, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haendel, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nedzel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avillach, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shimoyama, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gamble, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poten, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charbonneau, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larkin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonazzi, V. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dumontier, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Assunta-Sansone, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma'ayan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/657676</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FAIRshake: toolkit to evaluate the findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability of research digital resources]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/657841v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Minimum epistasis interpolation for sequence-function relationships 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/657841v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Massively parallel phenotyping assays have provided unprecedented insight into how multiple mutations combine to determine biological function. While these assays can measure phenotypes for thousands to millions of genotypes in a single experiment, in practice these measurements are not exhaustive, so that there is a need for techniques to impute values for genotypes whose phenotypes are not directly assayed. Here we present a method based on the idea of inferring the least epistatic possible sequence-function relationship compatible with the data. In particular, we infer the reconstruction in which mutational effects change as little as possible across adjacent genetic backgrounds. Although this method is highly conservative and has no tunable parameters, it also makes no assumptions about the form that genetic interactions take, resulting in predictions that can behave in a very complicated manner where the data require it but which are nearly additive where data is sparse or absent. We apply this method to analyze a fitness landscape for protein G, showing that our technique can provide a substantially less epistatic fit to the landscape than standard methods with little loss in predictive power. Moreover, our analysis reveals that the complex structure of epistasis observed in this dataset can be well-understood in terms of a simple qualitative model consisting of three fitness peaks where the landscape is locally additive in the vicinity of each peak.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCandlish, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/657841</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Minimum epistasis interpolation for sequence-function relationships]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/657890v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Benchmarking Transposable Element Annotation Methods for Creation of a Streamlined, Comprehensive Pipeline 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/657890v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sequencing technology and assembly algorithms have matured to the point that high-quality de novo assembly is possible for large, repetitive genomes. Current assemblies traverse transposable elements (TEs) and allow for annotation of TEs. There are numerous methods for each class of elements with unknown relative performance metrics. We benchmarked existing programs based on a curated library of rice TEs. Using the most robust programs, we created a comprehensive pipeline called Extensive de-novo TE Annotator (EDTA) that produces a condensed TE library for annotations of structurally intact and fragmented elements. EDTA is open-source and freely available: https://github.com/oushujun/EDTA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chougule, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ware, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterson, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirsch, C. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hufford, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/657890</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Benchmarking Transposable Element Annotation Methods for Creation of a Streamlined, Comprehensive Pipeline]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/664243v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bayesian inference of power law distributions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/664243v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Observed data from many research disciplines, ranging from cellular biology to economics, often follow a particular long-tailed distribution known as a power law. Despite the ubiquity of natural power laws, inferring the exact form of the distribution from sampled data remains challenging. The possible presence of multiple generative processes giving rise to an unknown weighted mixture of distinct power law distributions in a single dataset presents additional challenges. We present a probabilistic solution to these issues by developing a Bayesian inference approach, with Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling, to accurately estimate power law exponents, the number of mixtures, and their weights, for both discrete and continuous data. We determine an objective prior distribution that is invariant to reparameterization of parameters, and demonstrate its effectiveness to accurately infer exponents, even in the low sample limit. Finally, we provide a comprehensive and documented software package, written in Python, of our Bayesian inference methodology, freely available at https://github.com/AtwalLab/BayesPowerlaw.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Atwal, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grigaityte, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/664243</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bayesian inference of power law distributions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/675280v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Complete single neuron reconstruction reveals morphological diversity in molecularly defined claustral and cortical neuron types 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/675280v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ever since the seminal findings of Ramon y Cajal, dendritic and axonal morphology has been recognized as a defining feature of neuronal types. Yet our knowledge concerning the diversity of neuronal morphologies, in particular distal axonal projection patterns, is extremely limited. To systematically obtain single neuron full morphology on a brain-wide scale, we established a platform with five major components: sparse labeling, whole-brain imaging, reconstruction, registration, and classification. We achieved sparse, robust and consistent fluorescent labeling of a wide range of neuronal types by combining transgenic or viral Cre delivery with novel transgenic reporter lines. We acquired high-resolution whole-brain fluorescent images from a large set of sparsely labeled brains using fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography (fMOST). We developed a set of software tools for efficient large-volume image data processing, registration to the Allen Mouse Brain Common Coordinate Framework (CCF), and computer-assisted morphological reconstruction. We reconstructed and analyzed the complete morphologies of 1,708 neurons from the striatum, thalamus, cortex and claustrum. Finally, we classified these cells into multiple morphological and projection types and identified a set of region-specific organizational rules of long-range axonal projections at the single cell level. Specifically, different neuron types from different regions follow highly distinct rules in convergent or divergent projection, feedforward or feedback axon termination patterns, and between-cell homogeneity or heterogeneity. Major molecularly defined classes or types of neurons have correspondingly distinct morphological and projection patterns, however, we also identify further remarkably extensive morphological and projection diversity at more fine-grained levels within the major types that cannot presently be accounted for by preexisting transcriptomic subtypes. These insights reinforce the importance of full morphological characterization of brain cell types and suggest a plethora of ways different cell types and individual neurons may contribute to the function of their respective circuits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, A.-a.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veldman, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daigle, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirokawa, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lesnar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wakeman, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larsen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kedebe, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feiner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hill, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mok, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sunkin, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esposito, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawrylycz, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tasic, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorensen, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koch, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/675280</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Complete single neuron reconstruction reveals morphological diversity in molecularly defined claustral and cortical neuron types]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/677823v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tankyrase inhibition sensitizes cells to CDK4 blockade 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/677823v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tankyrase (TNKS) 1/2 are positive regulators of WNT signaling by controlling the activity of the {beta}-catenin destruction complex. TNKS inhibitors provide an opportunity to suppress hyperactive WNT signaling in tumors, however, they have shown limited anti-proliferative activity as a monotherapy in human cancer cell lines. Here we perform a kinome-focused CRISPR screen to identify potential effective drug combinations with TNKS inhibition. We show that the loss of CDK4, but not CDK6, synergizes with TNKS1/2 blockade to drive G1 cell cycle arrest and senescence. Through precise modelling of cancer-associated mutations using cytidine base editors, we show that this therapeutic approach is absolutely dependent on suppression of canonical WNT signaling by TNKS inhibitors and is effective in cells from multiple epithelial cancer types. Together, our results suggest that combined WNT and CDK4 inhibition might provide a potential therapeutic strategy for difficult-to-treat epithelial tumors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Foronda, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tarumoto, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schatoff, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leach, B. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goswami, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shusterman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vakoc, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dow, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/677823</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tankyrase inhibition sensitizes cells to CDK4 blockade]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/678607v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fractal dimension, occupancy and hotspot analyses of B cell spatial distribution predict clinical outcome in breast cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/678607v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While the density of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is now well known to correlate with clinical outcome, the clinical significance of spatial distribution of TILs is not well characterized. We have developed novel statistical techniques (including fractal dimension differences, a hotspot analysis, a box counting method that we call  occupancy and a way to normalize cell density that we call  thinning) to analyze the spatial distribution (at different length scales) of various types of TILs in triple negative breast tumors. Consistent with prior reports, the density of CD20+ B cells within tumors is not correlated with clinical outcome. However, we found that their spatial distribution differs significantly between good clinical outcome (no recurrence within at least 5 years of diagnosis) and poor clinical outcome (recurrence with 3 years of diagnosis). Furthermore, CD20+ B cells are more spatially dispersed in good outcome tumors and are more likely to infiltrate into cancer cell islands. Lastly, we found significant correlation between the spatial distributions of CD20+ B cells and CD8+ (cytotoxic) T cells (as well as CD3+ T cells), regardless of outcome. These results highlight the significance of the spatial distribution of TILs, especially B cells, within tumors.nnSignificance StatementImmune cells can fight cancer. For example, a patient has a good prognosis when a high density of killer T cells, a type of immune cell that can kill cancer cells, infiltrates into a tumor. However, there is no clear association between prognosis and the density of B cells, another type of immune cell, in a tumor. We developed several statistical techniques to go beyond cell density and look at the spatial distribution, i.e., the pattern or arrangement of immune cells, in tumors that have been removed from patients with triple negative breast cancer. We find that B cells and killer T cells tend to be more spread out in the tumors of patients whose cancer did not recur.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wortman, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, T.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solomon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosario, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, T. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmolze, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yost, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levine, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atwal, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/678607</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fractal dimension, occupancy and hotspot analyses of B cell spatial distribution predict clinical outcome in breast cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/681668v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cyclin binding Cy motifs have multiple activities in the initiation of DNA replication 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/681668v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The initiation of DNA replication involves the cell cycle-dependent assembly and disassembly of protein complexes, including the Origin Recognition Complex (ORC) and CDC6 AAA+ ATPases. We report that multiple short, linear protein motifs (SLiMs) within intrinsically disordered regions in ORC1 and CDC6, including Cyclin-binding (Cy) motifs, mediate Cyclin-CDK dependent and independent protein-protein interactions, conditional on cell cycle phase. The ORC1 Cy motif mediates an auto-regulatory self-interaction, and the same Cy motif prevents CDC6 binding to ORC1 in mitosis, but then facilitates the destruction of ORC1 in S phase. In contrast, in G1, the CDC6 Cy motif promotes ORC1-CDC6 interaction independent of Cyclin-CDK protein phosphorylation. CDC6 interaction with ORC also requires a basic region of ORC1 that in yeast mediates ORC-DNA interactions. We also demonstrate that protein phosphatase 1 binds directly to a SLiM in ORC1, causing de-phosphorylation upon mitotic exit. Thus, Cy-motifs have wider roles, functioning as a ligand and as a degron.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hossain, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhalla, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stillman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/681668</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cyclin binding Cy motifs have multiple activities in the initiation of DNA replication]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/685842v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolutionary implementation of Bayesian computations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/685842v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Bayesian framework offers a flexible language for the consistent modular assembly of statistical models used by both minds and machines. Another algorithmic domain capable of adaptation in potentially high-dimensional and uncertain environments is Darwinian evolution. The equivalence of their fundamental dynamical equations, replicator dynamics and Bayesian update, hints at a deeper algorithmic analogy. Here we show, based on a unified mathematical discussion of evolutionary dynamics and statistical learning in terms of Bayesian graphical models, that this is indeed the case. Building blocks of Bayesian computations, such as inference in hierarchical models, filtering in hidden Markov models, gradient likelihood optimization, and expectation-maximization dynamics of mixture models, map naturally to fundamental concepts of evolution: multilevel selection, quasispecies dynamics, phenotypic adaptation and ecological competition, respectively. We believe that these correspondences point towards a more comprehensive understanding of flavors of adaptive computation observed in Nature, as well as suggesting new ways to combine insights from the two domains in engineering applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Czegel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giaffar, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zachar, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szathmary, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/685842</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolutionary implementation of Bayesian computations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/687368v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mapping gene flow between ancient hominins through demography-aware inference of the ancestral recombination graph 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/687368v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The sequencing of Neanderthal and Denisovan genomes has yielded many new insights about interbreeding events between extinct hominins and the ancestors of modern humans. While much attention has been paid to the relatively recent gene flow from Neanderthals and Denisovans into modern humans, other instances of introgression leave more subtle genomic evidence and have received less attention. Here, we present an extended version of the ARGweaver algorithm, ARGweaver-D, which can infer local genetic relationships under a user-defined demographic model that includes population splits and migration events. This Bayesian algorithm probabilistically samples ancestral recombination graphs (ARGs) that specify not only tree topology and branch lengths along the genome, but also indicate migrant lineages. The sampled ARGs can therefore be parsed to produce probabilities of introgression along the genome. We show that this method is well powered to detect the archaic migration into modern humans, even with only a few samples. We then show that the method can also detect introgressed regions stemming from older migration events, or from unsampled populations. We apply it to human, Neanderthal, and Denisovan genomes, looking for signatures of older proposed migration events, including ancient humans into Neanderthal, and unknown archaic hominins into Denisovans. We identify 3% of the Neanderthal genome that is putatively introgressed from ancient humans, and estimate that the gene flow occurred between 200-300kya. We find no convincing evidence that negative selection acted against these regions. We also identify 1% of the Denisovan genome which was likely introgressed from an unsequenced hominin ancestor, and note that 15% of these regions have been passed on to modern humans through subsequent gene flow.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hubisz, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siepel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/687368</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mapping gene flow between ancient hominins through demography-aware inference of the ancestral recombination graph]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/690644v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Characterizing RNA stability genome-wide through combined analysis of PRO-seq and RNA-seq data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/690644v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The rate at which RNA molecules decay is a key determinant of cellular RNA concentrations, yet current approaches for measuring RNA half-lives are generally labor-intensive, limited in sensitivity, and/or disruptive to normal cellular processes. Here we introduce a simple method for estimating relative RNA half-lives that is based on two standard and widely available high-throughput assays: Precision Run-On and sequencing (PRO-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Our method treats PRO-seq as a measure of transcription rate and RNA-seq as a measure of RNA concentration, and estimates the rate of RNA decay required for a steady-state equilibrium. We show that this approach can be used to assay relative RNA half-lives genome-wide, with good accuracy and sensitivity for both coding and noncoding transcription units. Using a structural equation model (SEM), we test several features of transcription units, nearby DNA sequences, and nearby epigenomic marks for associations with RNA stability after controlling for their effects on transcription. We find that RNA splicing-related features are positively correlated with RNA stability, whereas features related to miRNA binding, DNA methylation, and G+C-richness are negatively correlated with RNA stability. Furthermore, we find that a measure based on U1-binding and polyadenylation sites distinguishes between unstable noncoding and stable coding transcripts but is not predictive of relative stability within the mRNA or lincRNA classes. We also identify several histone modifications that are associated with RNA stability. Together, our estimation method and systematic analysis shed light on the pervasive impacts of RNA stability on cellular RNA concentrations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Blumberg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dukler, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rice, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krumholz, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danko, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siepel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/690644</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Characterizing RNA stability genome-wide through combined analysis of PRO-seq and RNA-seq data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/694257v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial Ecology of Territorial Populations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/694257v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many ecosystems, from vegetation to biofilms, are composed of territorial populations that compete for both nutrients and physical space. What are the implications of such spatial organization for biodiversity? To address this question, we developed and analyzed a model of territorial resource competition. In the model, all species obey trade-offs inspired by biophysical constraints on metabolism; the species occupy non-overlapping territories while nutrients diffuse in space. We find that the nutrient diffusion time is an important control parameter for both biodiversity and the timescale of population dynamics. Interestingly, fast nutrient diffusion allows the populations of some species to fluctuate to zero, leading to extinctions. Moreover, territorial competition spontaneously gives rise to both multistability and the Allee effect (in which a minimum population is required for survival), so that small perturbations can have major ecological effects. While the assumption of trade-offs allows for the coexistence of more species than the number of nutrients - thus violating the principle of competitive exclusion - overall biodiversity is curbed by the domination of "oligotroph" species. Importantly, in contrast to well-mixed models, spatial structure renders diversity robust to inequalities in metabolic trade-offs. Our results suggest that territorial ecosystems can display high biodiversity and rich dynamics simply due to competition for resources in a spatial community.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Weiner, B. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Posfai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wingreen, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/694257</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial Ecology of Territorial Populations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/696294v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pairwise tests for conditional selection use evolutionary logic to predict intrinsic drug resistance in ALK alterations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/696294v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genomic data can facilitate personalized treatment decisions by enabling therapeutic hypotheses in individual patients. Conditional selection, which includes mutual exclusivity, is a signal that has been empirically useful for identifying mutations that may be sensitive to single agent targeted therapies. However, a low mutation frequency can underpower this signal for rare variants and prevent robust conclusions from genomic data. We develop a resampling based method for the direct pairwise comparison of conditional selection between sets of gene pairs. This effectively creates positive control guideposts of mutual exclusivity in known driver genes that normalizes differences in mutation abundance. We applied this method to a transcript variant of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) in melanoma, termed ALKATI, which has been the subject of a recent controversy in the literature. We reproduced some of the original cell transformation experiments, performed rescue experiments, and analyzed drug response data to revisit the original ALKATI findings. We found that ALKATI is not as mutually exclusive with BRAF or NRAS as BRAF and NRAS genes are with each other. We performed in vitro transformation assays and rescue assays that suggested that alternative transcript initiation in ALK is not likely to be sufficient for cellular transformation or growth and it does not predict single agent therapeutic dependency. Our work strongly disfavors the role of ALKATI as a targetable oncogenic driver that might be sensitive to single agent ALK treatment. The progress of other experimental agents in late-stage melanoma and our experimental and computational re-analysis led us to conclude that further single agent testing of ALK inhibitors in patients with ALKATI should be limited to cases where no other treatment hypotheses can be identified.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Inam, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pritchard, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/696294</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pairwise tests for conditional selection use evolutionary logic to predict intrinsic drug resistance in ALK alterations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/703090v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinct synchronization, cortical coupling and behavioural function of basal forebrain cholinergic neuron types 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/703090v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCN) densely innervate the forebrain and modulate synaptic plasticity, cortical processing, brain states and oscillations. However, little is known about the functional diversity of cholinergic neurons and whether distinct types support different functions. To examine this question we recorded BFCN in vivo, to examine their behavioral functions, and in vitro, to study their intrinsic properties. We identified two distinct types of BFCN that markedly differ in their firing modes, synchronization properties and behavioral correlates. Bursting cholinergic neurons (BFCNBURST) fired in zero-lag synchrony with each other, phase-locked to cortical theta activity and fired precisely timed bursts of action potentials after reward and punishment. Regular firing cholinergic neurons (BFCNREG) were found predominantly in the posterior basal forebrain, displayed strong theta rhythmicity (5-10 Hz), fired asynchronously with each other and responded with precise single spikes after behavioral outcomes. In an auditory detection task, synchronization of BFCNBURST neurons to auditory cortex predicted the timing of mouse responses, whereas tone-evoked cortical coupling of BFCNREG predicted correct detections. We propose that cortical activation relevant for behavior is controlled by the balance of two cholinergic cell types, where the precise proportion of the strongly activating BFCNBURST follows an anatomical gradient along the antero-posterior axis of the basal forebrain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Laszlovszky, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlingloff, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamas, F. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gulyas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kepecs, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hangya, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/703090</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinct synchronization, cortical coupling and behavioural function of basal forebrain cholinergic neuron types]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/714410v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Better tired than lost: turtle ant trail networks favor coherence over shortest paths 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/714410v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Creating a routing backbone is a fundamental problem in both biology and engineering. The routing backbone of the trail networks of arboreal turtle ants (Cephalotes goniodontus) connects many nests and food sources using trail pheromone deposited by ants as they walk. Unlike species that forage on the ground, the trail networks of arboreal ants are constrained by the vegetation. We examined what objectives the trail networks meet by comparing the observed ant trail networks with networks of random, hypothetical trail networks in the same surrounding vegetation and with trails optimized for four objectives: minimizing path length, minimizing average edge length, minimizing number of nodes, and minimizing opportunities to get lost. The ants trails minimized path length by minimizing the number of nodes traversed rather than choosing short edges. In addition, the ants trails reduced the opportunity for ants to get lost at each node, favoring nodes with 3D configurations most likely to be reinforced by pheromone. Thus, rather than finding the shortest edges, turtle ant trail networks take advantage of natural variation in the environment to favor coherence, keeping the ants together on the trails.

Author SummaryWe investigated the trail networks of arboreal turtle ants in the canopy of the tropical forest, to ask what characterizes the colonys choice of foraging paths within the vegetation. We monitored day to day changes in the junctions and edges of trail networks of colonies in the dry forest of western Mexico. We compared the paths used by the ants to simulated random paths in the surrounding vegetation. We found that the paths of turtle ants prioritize coherence, keeping ants together on the trail, over minimizing the average edge length. The choice of paths reduces the number of junctions in the trail where ants could get lost, and favors junctions with a physical configuration that makes it likely that successive ants will reinforce the same path. Our work suggests that design principles that emphasize keeping information flow constrained to streamlined, coherent trails may be useful in human-designed distributed routing and transport networks or robot swarms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chandrasekhar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marshall, J. A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Austin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navlakha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/714410</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Better tired than lost: turtle ant trail networks favor coherence over shortest paths]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/716258v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Specialization of the Drosophila nuclear export family protein, Nxf3, for piRNA precursor export 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/716258v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The piRNA pathway is a conserved, small RNA-based immune system that protects animal germ cell genomes from the harmful effects of transposon mobilisation. In Drosophila ovaries, most piRNAs originate from dual-strand clusters, which generate piRNAs from both genomic strands. Dual-strand clusters use non-canonical transcription mechanisms. Although transcribed by RNA polymerase II, cluster transcripts lack splicing signatures and poly(A) tails. mRNA processing is important for general mRNA export mediated by Nuclear export factor 1. Although UAP56, a component of the transcription and export complex, has been implicated in piRNA precursor export, it remains unknown how dual-strand cluster transcripts are specifically targeted for piRNA biogenesis by export from the nucleus to cytoplasmic processing centers. Here we report that dual-strand cluster transcript export requires CG13741/Bootlegger and the Drosophila Nuclear export factor family protein, Nxf3. Bootlegger is specifically recruited to piRNA clusters and in turn brings Nxf3. We find that Nxf3 specifically binds to piRNA precursors and is essential for their export to piRNA biogenesis sites, a process that is critical for germline transposon silencing. Our data shed light on how dual-strand clusters compensate for a lack of canonical features of mature mRNAs to be specifically exported via Nxf3, ensuring proper piRNA production.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kneuss, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munafo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eastwood, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deumer, U.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preall, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hannon, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Czech, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/716258</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Specialization of the Drosophila nuclear export family protein, Nxf3, for piRNA precursor export]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/716837v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A water-soluble, synthetic auxin analog for rapid degradation of target proteins during C. elegans development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/716837v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As developmental biologists in the age of genome editing, we now have access to an ever-increasing array of tools to manipulate endogenous gene expression. The auxin-inducible degradation system, allows for spatial and temporal control of protein degradation, functioning through the activity of a hormone-inducible Arabidopsis F-box protein, transport inhibitor response 1 (TIR1). In the presence of auxin, TIR1 serves as a substrate recognition component of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex SKP1-CUL1-F-box (SCF), ubiquitinating auxin-inducible degron (AID)-tagged proteins for proteasomal degradation. Here, we optimize the Caenorhabditis elegans AID method, utilizing 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), an indole-free synthetic analog of the natural auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). We take advantage of the photostability of NAA to demonstrate via quantitative high-resolution microscopy that rapid degradation of target proteins can be detected in single cells within 30 minutes of exposure. Additionally, we show that NAA works robustly in both standard growth media and physiological buffer. We also demonstrate that K-NAA, the water-soluble, potassium salt of NAA, can be combined with microfluidics for targeted protein degradation in C. elegans larvae. We provide insight into how the AID system functions in C. elegans by determining that TIR1 interacts with C. elegans SKR-1/2, CUL-1, and RBX-1 to degrade target proteins. Finally, we present highly penetrant defects from NAA-mediated degradation of the Ftz-F1 nuclear hormone receptor, NHR-25, during C. elegans uterine-vulval development. Together, this work provides a conceptual improvement to the AID system for dissecting gene function at the single-cell level during C. elegans development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Martinez, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinney, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashley, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ragle, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammell, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ward, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matus, D. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/716837</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A water-soluble, synthetic auxin analog for rapid degradation of target proteins during C. elegans development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/722819v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In Situ Transcriptome Accessibility Sequencing (INSTA-seq) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/722819v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Subcellular RNA localization regulates spatially polarized cellular processes, but unbiased investigation of its control in vivo remains challenging. Current hybridization-based methods cannot differentiate small regulatory variants, while in situ sequencing is limited by short reads. We solved these problems using a bidirectional sequencing chemistry to efficiently image transcript-specific barcode in situ, which are then extracted and assembled into longer reads using NGS. In the Drosophila retina, genes regulating eye development and cytoskeletal organization were enriched compared to methods using extracted RNA. We therefore named our method In Situ Transcriptome Accessibility sequencing (INSTA-seq). Sequencing reads terminated near 3 UTR cis-motifs (e.g. Zip48C, stau), revealing RNA-protein interactions. Additionally, Act5C polyadenylation isoforms retaining zipcode motifs were selectively localized to the optical stalk, consistent with their biology. Our platform provides a powerful way to visualize any RNA variants or protein interactions in situ to study their regulation in animal development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Furth, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatini, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/722819</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In Situ Transcriptome Accessibility Sequencing (INSTA-seq)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/735019v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multipotent radial glia progenitors and fate-restricted intermediate progenitors sequentially generate diverse cortical interneuron types 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/735019v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
GABAergic interneurons deploy numerous inhibitory mechanisms that regulate cortical circuit operation, but the developmental programs that generate diverse interneuron types remain not well understood. We carried out a comprehensive genetic fate mapping of the radial glial progenitors (RGs) and intermediate progenitors (IP) in the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE). We reveal that Nkx2.1+ RGs are multipotent and mediate two consecutive waves of neurogenesis, each sequentially generating different sets of interneuron types that laminate the neocortex in an inside-out-inside order. The first wave is restricted to the caudal MGE, has limited neurogenic capacity, and involves mostly apical IPs. The second wave initiates throughout the MGE and features a large set of fate-restricted basal IPs that amplify and diversify interneurons. Chandelier cells are generated toward the end of each wave and laminate in an outside-in order. Therefore, separate pools of multipotent RGs deploy temporal cohorts of IPs to sequentially generate diverse interneuron types.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kelly, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raudales, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moissidis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/735019</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multipotent radial glia progenitors and fate-restricted intermediate progenitors sequentially generate diverse cortical interneuron types]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/738161v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hingepoints and neural folds reveal conserved features of primary neurulation in the zebrafish forebrain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/738161v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ABSTRACTPrimary neurulation is the process by which the neural tube, the central nervous system precursor, is formed from the neural plate. Incomplete neural tube closure occurs frequently, yet underlying causes remain poorly understood. Developmental studies in amniotes and amphibians have identified hingepoint and neural fold formation as key morphogenetic events and hallmarks of primary neurulation, the disruption of which causes neural tube defects. In contrast, the mode of neurulation in teleosts such as zebrafish has remained highly debated. Teleosts are thought to have evolved a unique pattern of neurulation, whereby the neural plate infolds in absence of hingepoints and neural folds (NFs), at least in the hindbrain/trunk where it has been studied. We report here on zebrafish forebrain morphogenesis where we identify these morphological landmarks. Our findings reveal a deeper level of conservation of neurulation than previously recognized and establish the zebrafish as a model to understand human neural tube development.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Werner, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Negesse, M. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brooks, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caldwell, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brewster, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/738161</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hingepoints and neural folds reveal conserved features of primary neurulation in the zebrafish forebrain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/757369v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Miswired enhancer logic drives translocation positive rhabdomyosarcoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/757369v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Core regularity transcription factors (CR TFs) define cell identity and lineage through an exquisitely precise and logical order during embryogenesis and development. These CR TFs regulate one another in three-dimensional space via distal enhancers that serve as logic gates embedded in their TF recognition sequences. Aberrant chromatin organization resulting in miswired circuitry of enhancer logic is a newly recognized feature in many cancers. Here, we report that PAX3-FOXO1 expression is driven by a translocated FOXO1 distal super enhancer (SE). Using 4C-seq, a technique detecting all genomic regions that interact with the translocated FOXO1 SE, we demonstrate its physical interaction with the PAX3 promotor only in the presence of the oncogenic translocation. Furthermore, RNA-seq and ChIP-seq in tumors bearing rare PAX translocations implicate enhancer miswiring is a pervasive feature across all FP-RMS tumors. HiChIP of enhancer mark H3K27ac showed extended connectivity between the distal FOXO1 SE and additional intra-domain enhancers and the PAX3 promoter. We show by CRISPR-paired-ChIP-Rx that PAX3-FOXO1 transcription is diminished when this network of enhancers is selectively ablated. Therefore, our data reveal a mechanism of a translocated hijacked enhancer which disrupts the normal CR TF logic during skeletal muscle development (PAX3 to MYOD to MYOG), replacing it with an infinite loop logic that locks rhabdomyosarcoma cells in an undifferentiated proliferating stage.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gryder, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wachtel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demerdash, O. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aboreden, N. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ewert, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pomella, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohammed, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rota, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaefer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vakoc, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/757369</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Miswired enhancer logic drives translocation positive rhabdomyosarcoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/759936v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adeno-Associated Virus Technologies and Methods for Targeted Neuronal Manipulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/759936v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell-type-specific expression of molecular tools and sensors is critical to construct circuit diagrams and to investigate the activity and function of neurons within the nervous system. Strategies for targeted manipulation include combinations of classical genetic tools such as Cre/loxP and Flp/FRT, use of cis-regulatory elements, targeted knock-in transgenic mice, and gene delivery by AAV and other viral vectors. The combination of these complex technologies with the goal of precise neuronal targeting is a challenge in the lab. This report will discuss the theoretical and practical aspects of combining current technologies and establish best practices for achieving targeted manipulation of specific cell types. Novel applications and tools, as well as areas for development, will be envisioned and discussed.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Haery, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deverman, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matho, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cetin, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodard, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cepko, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guerin, K. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rego, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ersing, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bachle, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamens, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/759936</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adeno-Associated Virus Technologies and Methods for Targeted Neuronal Manipulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/773564v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fertility of Pedicellate Spikelets in Sorghum is Controlled by a Jasmonic Acid Regulatory Module 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/773564v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As in other cereal crops, the panicles of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) comprise two types of floral spikelets (grass flowers). Only sessile spikelets (SSs) are capable of producing viable grains, whereas pedicellate spikelets (PSs) cease development after initiation and eventually abort. Consequently, grain number per panicle (GNP) is lower than the total number of flowers produced per panicle. The mechanism underlying this differential fertility is not well understood. To investigate this issue, we isolated a series of EMS-induced multiseeded (msd) mutants that result in full spikelet fertility, effectively doubling GNP. Previously, we showed that MSD1 is a TCP (Teosinte branched/Cycloidea/PCF) transcription factor that regulates jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis, and ultimately floral sex organ development. Here, we show that MSD2 encodes a lipoxygenase (LOX) that catalyzes the first committed step of JA biosynthesis. Further, we demonstrate that MSD1 binds to the promoters of MSD2 and other JA pathway genes. Together, these results show that a JA-induced module regulates sorghum panicle development and spikelet fertility. The findings advance our understanding of inflorescence development and could lead to new strategies for increasing GNP and grain yield in sorghum and other cereal crops.nnSignificanceThrough a single base pair mutation, grain number can be increased by ~200% in the globally important crop Sorghum bicolor. This mutation affects the expression of an enzyme, MSD2, that catalyzes the jasmonic acid pathway in developing floral meristems. The global gene expression profile in this enzymatic mutant is similar to that of a transcription factor mutant, msd1, indicating that disturbing any component of this regulatory module disrupts a positive feedback loop that occurs normally due to regular developmental perception of jasmonic acid. Additionally, the MSD1 transcription factor is able to regulate MSD2 in addition to other jasmonic acid pathway genes, suggesting that it is a primary transcriptional regulator of this hormone signaling pathway in floral meristems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gladman, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chopra, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Regulski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burow, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayes, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christensen, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dampanaboina, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burke, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ware, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/773564</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fertility of Pedicellate Spikelets in Sorghum is Controlled by a Jasmonic Acid Regulatory Module]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/773614v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phylogenetic modeling of regulatory element turnover based on epigenomic data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/773614v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Evolutionary changes in gene expression are often driven by gains and losses of cis-regulatory elements (CREs). The dynamics of CRE evolution can be examined using multi-species epigenomic data, but so far such analyses have generally been descriptive and model-free. Here, we introduce a probabilistic modeling framework for the evolution of CREs that operates directly on raw chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing (ChIP-seq) data and fully considers the phylogenetic relationships among species. Our framework includes a phylogenetic hidden Markov model, called epiPhyloHMM, for identifying the locations of multiply aligned CREs, and a combined phylogenetic and generalized linear model, called phyloGLM, for accounting for the influence of a rich set of genomic features in describing their evolutionary dynamics. We apply these methods to previously published ChIP-seq data for the H3K4me3 and H3K27ac histone modifications in liver tissue from nine mammals. We find that enhancers are gained and lost during mammalian evolution at about twice the rate of promoters, and that turnover rates are negatively correlated with DNA sequence conservation, expression level, and tissue breadth, and positively correlated with distance from the transcription start site, consistent with previous findings. In addition, we find that the predicted dosage sensitivity of target genes positively correlates with DNA sequence constraint in CREs but not with turnover rates, perhaps owing to differences in the effect sizes of the relevant mutations. Altogether, our probabilistic modeling framework enables a variety of powerful new analyses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dukler, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siepel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/773614</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phylogenetic modeling of regulatory element turnover based on epigenomic data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/776419v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transglutaminase-2 of pancreatic cancer cells assembles a CXCL12-keratin 19-coat that mediates the resistance to immunotherapy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/776419v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) cells stimulate CXCR4 to exclude T cells and resist T cell checkpoint inhibitors is not known. Here, we find that CXCL12, the ligand for CXCR4 that is produced by the cancer-associated fibroblast, "coats" human PDA and colorectal cancer cells as covalent heterodimers with keratin 19 (KRT19). Modeling the formation of the heterodimer with three proteins shows that KRT19 binds CXCL12 and transglutaminase-2 (TGM2), and that TGM2 converts the reversible KRT19-CXCL12 complex into a covalent heterodimer. We validate this model by showing that cancer cells in mouse PDA tumors must express KRT19 and TGM2 to become coated with CXCL12, exclude T cells, and resist immunotherapy with anti-PD-1 antibody. Thus, PDA cells have a cell-autonomous means by which they capture CXCL12 to mediate immune suppression, which is potentially amenable to therapy.

One Sentence SummaryCancer cells in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma use transglutaminase-2 to assemble a coating comprised of covalent CXCL12-keratin 19 heterodimers that excludes T cells and mediates resistance to inhibition of the PD-1 T cell checkpoint.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janowitz, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fearon, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/776419</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transglutaminase-2 of pancreatic cancer cells assembles a CXCL12-keratin 19-coat that mediates the resistance to immunotherapy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/794792v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Estrogen Drives Melanocortin Neurons To Reduce Sedentary Behavior 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/794792v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Estrogen depletion in rodents and humans leads to inactivity, unhealthy fat accumulation, and diabetes1,2, underscoring the conserved metabolic benefits of estrogen that inevitably decline with aging. In rodents, the preovulatory surge in 17{beta}-estradiol (E2) temporarily allows energy expenditure to outpace energy intake, thus coordinating increased physical activity with peak sexual receptivity. To investigate how estrogen rebalances energy allocation in females, we examine estrogen receptor alpha (ER) signaling in the ventrolateral ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMHvl)3-7. We uncover a small population of VMHvlER neurons expressing the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) that integrates estrogen and melanocortin signals and projects to arousal centers in the hippocampus and hindbrain, enabling bursts of physical activity. ER recruitment to the Mc4r gene promotes upregulation of Mc4r in VMHvl neurons during the preovulatory surge or following E2 treatment. We leveraged three models to stimulate VMHvlMC4R neurons, restore MC4R signaling in the VMHvl of hyperphagic MC4R null females, or increase Mc4r levels in the VMHvl by CRISPR-mediated activation. All models increase spontaneous activity, whereas silencing VMHvlMC4R neurons blunts normal activity. Direct activation of the VMHvlMC4R node overrides the inactivity and hypometabolism following hormone depletion. These data extend the impact of MC4R signaling - the most common cause of monogenic human obesity8 - beyond the regulation of food intake. Our findings also rationalize reported sex differences in melanocortin signaling, including the greater disease severity of MC4R insufficiency in women9. The hormone-dependent node identified here illuminates the power of estrogen in motivating behavior during the female reproductive cycle and for maintaining an active lifestyle.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Krause, W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gegenhuber, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matharu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Padilla, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herber, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Correa, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahituv, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tollkuhn, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ingraham, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/794792</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Estrogen Drives Melanocortin Neurons To Reduce Sedentary Behavior]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/797985v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The maize heterotrimeric G-protein β subunit controls shoot meristem development and immune responses. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/797985v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Heterotrimeric G-proteins are important transducers of receptor signaling, functioning in plants with CLAVATA receptors in control of shoot meristem size, and with pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) receptors in basal immunity. However, whether specific members of the heterotrimeric complex potentiate crosstalk between development and defense, and the extent to which these functions are conserved across species, has not been addressed. Here we used CRISPR/Cas9 to knockout the maize G{beta} subunit gene, and found that the mutants were lethal, differing from Arabidopsis, where homologous mutants have normal growth and fertility. We show that lethality is not caused by a specific developmental arrest, but by autoimmunity. We used a genetic diversity screen to suppress the lethal g{beta} phenotype, and also identified a new maize G{beta} allele with weak autoimmune responses but strong development phenotypes. Using these tools, we show that G{beta} controls meristem size in maize, acting epistatically with G, suggesting that G{beta} and G function in a common signaling complex. Furthermore, we used an association study to show that natural variation in G{beta} influences maize kernel row number, an important agronomic trait. Our results demonstrate the dual role of G{beta} in immunity and development in a cereal crop, and suggest that it functions in crosstalk between these competing signaling networks. Therefore, modification of G{beta} has the potential to optimize the tradeoff between growth and defense signaling to improve agronomic production.nnSignificanceCereal crops, such as maize provide our major food and feed. Crop productivity has been significantly improved by selection of favorable architecture and development alleles, however crops are constantly under attack from pathogens, which severely limits yield due to a defense-growth tradeoff. Therefore, it is critical to identify key signaling regulators that control both developmental and immune signaling, to provide basic knowledge to maximize productivity. This work shows that the maize G protein {beta} subunit regulates both meristem development and immune signaling, and suggests that manipulation of this gene has the potential to optimize the tradeoff between yield and disease resistance to improve crop yields.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Char, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmelz, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/797985</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The maize heterotrimeric G-protein β subunit controls shoot meristem development and immune responses.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/798132v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Social isolation uncovers a brain-wide circuit underlying context-dependent territory-covering micturition behavior 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/798132v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The controlled and volitional release of urine, or micturition, serves a fundamental physiological function and, in many species, is critical for social communication. In mice, the decision to release urine is modulated by external and internal factors such as environmental stimuli and social history and is transmitted to the spinal cord via the pontine micturition center (PMC). The neural pathways by which social experience and sensory stimuli interact to control PMC activity and regulate micturition are unclear. Here we establish a behavioral paradigm in which mice, depending on their strain, social experience, and immediate sensory context, display either high or low territory-covering micturition (TCM). We demonstrate that social context is represented by coordinated global activity changes in the urination network upstream of the PMC, whereas sensory context is represented by the activation of discrete nodes in the network. Furthermore, we show that the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), which is directly upstream of PMC, is a key node that can switch micturition behavior between high and low TCM modes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hyun, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radeljic, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miner, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ochandarena, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osten, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sabatini, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/798132</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Social isolation uncovers a brain-wide circuit underlying context-dependent territory-covering micturition behavior]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/803015v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
G-Graph: An interactive genomic graph viewer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/803015v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationEffective and efficient exploration of numeric data and annotations as a function of genomic position requires specialized software.

ResultsWe present G-Graph, an interactive genomic scatter plot viewer. G-Graph stacks or tiles multiple data series in one graph using different colors and markers. It displays gene annotation and other metadata, allows easy changes to the appearance of data series, implements stack-based undo functionality, and saves user-selected application views as image and pdf files. G-Graph delivers smooth and rapid scrolling and zooming even for datasets with millions of points and line segments. The primary target user is a researcher examining many copy number profiles to identify potentially deleterious variants. G-Graph runs under Linux, Mac OSX and Windows.

Availabilityhttps://github.com/docpaa/mumdex/ or https://mumdex.com/ggraph/

Contactandrewsp@cshl.edu (or paa@drpa.us)
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Andrews, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexander, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kendall, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wigler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/803015</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[G-Graph: An interactive genomic graph viewer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/808261v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Beyond generalization: Enhancing accurate interpretation of flexible models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/808261v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Machine learning optimizes flexible models to predict data. In scientific applications, there is a rising interest in interpreting these flexible models to derive hypotheses from data. However, it is unknown whether good data prediction guarantees accurate interpretation of flexible models. We test this connection using a flexible, yet intrinsically interpretable framework for modeling neural dynamics. We find that many models discovered during optimization predict data equally well, yet they fail to match the correct hypothesis. We develop an alternative approach that identifies models with correct interpretation by comparing model features across data samples to separate true features from noise. Our results reveal that good predictions cannot substitute for accurate interpretation of flexible models and offer a principled approach to identify models with correct interpretation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Genkin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engel, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/808261</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Beyond generalization: Enhancing accurate interpretation of flexible models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/827873v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Data architecture and visualization for a large-scale neuroscience collaboration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/827873v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Effective data management is a major challenge for neuroscience labs, and even greater for collaborative projects. In the International Brain laboratory (IBL), ten experimental labs spanning 7 geographically distributed sites measure neural activity across the brains of mice making perceptual decisions. Here, we report a novel, modular architecture that allows users to contribute, access, and analyze data across this collaboration. Users contribute data using a web-based electronic lab notebook (Alyx), which automatically registers recorded data files and uploads them to a central server. Users access data with a lightweight interface, the Open Neurophysiology Environment (ONE), which searches data from all labs and loads it into MATLAB or Python. To analyze data, we have developed pipelines based on DataJoint, which automatically populate a website displaying a graphical summary of results to date. This architecture provides a new framework to contribute, access and analyze data, surmounting many challenges currently faced by neuroscientists.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>The International Brain Laboratory,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonacchi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chapuis, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Churchland, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rossant, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasaki, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinmetz, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, E. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winter, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wells, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/827873</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Data architecture and visualization for a large-scale neuroscience collaboration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/833046v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Squamous trans-differentiation of pancreatic cancer cells promotes stromal inflammation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/833046v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A highly aggressive subset of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas undergo trans-differentiation into the squamous lineage during disease progression. While the tumorigenic consequences of this aberrant cell fate transition are poorly understood, recent studies have identified a role for the master regulator TP63 in this process. Here, we investigated whether squamous trans-differentiation of pancreatic cancer cells can influence the phenotype of non-neoplastic cells in the tumor microenvironment. Conditioned media experiments revealed that squamous-subtype pancreatic cancer cells secrete factors that convert quiescent pancreatic stellate cells into a specialized subtype of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) that express inflammatory genes at high levels. We use gain- and loss-of-function approaches in vivo to show that squamous-subtype pancreatic tumor models become enriched with inflammatory CAFs and neutrophils in a TP63-dependent manner. These non cell-autonomous effects occur, at least in part, through TP63-mediated activation of enhancers at pro-inflammatory cytokine loci, which includes IL1A as a key target. Taken together, our findings reveal enhanced tissue inflammation as a consequence of squamous trans-differentiation in pancreatic cancer, thus highlighting an instructive role of tumor cell lineage in reprogramming the stromal microenvironment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Somerville, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biffi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dassler-Plenker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miyabayashi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maia-Silva, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klingbeil, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demerdash, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egeblad, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuveson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vakoc, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/833046</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Squamous trans-differentiation of pancreatic cancer cells promotes stromal inflammation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/833400v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
bioRxiv: the preprint server for biology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/833400v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The traditional publication process delays dissemination of new research, often by months, sometimes by years. Preprint servers decouple dissemination of research papers from their evaluation and certification by journals, allowing researchers to share work immediately, receive feedback from a much larger audience, and provide evidence of productivity long before formal publication. Launched in 2013 as a non-profit community service, the bioRxiv server brought preprinting to the life sciences and recently posted its 310,000th manuscript. The server now receives around ten million views per month and hosts papers spanning all areas of biology. Initially dominated by evolutionary biology, genetics/genomics and computational biology, bioRxiv has been increasingly populated by papers in neuroscience, cell and developmental biology, and many other fields. bioRxiv and its sister server, medRxiv, also played a critical role during the pandemic, rapidly disseminating new discoveries in immunology, virology and epidemiology related to the SARS-CoV-2 virus and its effects. Changes in journal and funder policies that encourage preprint posting helped drive adoption, as did the development of bioRxiv technologies that allow authors to transfer papers easily between bioRxiv and journals. A recent user survey found that 30% of authors post their preprints weeks to months before submitting to a journal whereas 55% post around the time of journal submission. Authors are motivated by a desire to share work early; they value the feedback they receive and very rarely experience any negative consequences of preprint posting. Rapid dissemination via bioRxiv is also encouraging new initiatives that experiment with the peer review process and the development of novel approaches to literature filtering and assessment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sever, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roeder, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hindle, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sussman, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Black, K.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Argentine, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manos, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Inglis, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/833400</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[bioRxiv: the preprint server for biology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/835942v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Biophysical models of cis-regulation as interpretable neural networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/835942v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The adoption of deep learning techniques in genomics has been hindered by the difficulty of mechanistically interpreting the models that these techniques produce. In recent years, a variety of post-hoc attribution methods have been proposed for addressing this neural network interpretability problem in the context of gene regulation. Here we describe a complementary way of approaching this problem. Our strategy is based on the observation that two large classes of biophysical models of cis-regulatory mechanisms can be expressed as deep neural networks in which nodes and weights have explicit physiochemical interpretations. We also demonstrate how such biophysical networks can be rapidly inferred, using modern deep learning frameworks, from the data produced by certain types of massively parallel reporter assays (MPRAs). These results suggest a scalable strategy for using MPRAs to systematically characterize the biophysical basis of gene regulation in a wide range of biological contexts. They also highlight gene regulation as a promising venue for the development of scientifically interpretable approaches to deep learning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tareen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinney, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/835942</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Biophysical models of cis-regulation as interpretable neural networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/838821v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Promotion of hyperthermic-induced rDNA hypercondensation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/838821v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ribosome biogenesis is tightly regulated through stress-sensing pathways that impact genome stability, aging and senescence. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ribosomal RNAs are transcribed from rDNA located on the right arm of chromosome XII. Numerous studies reveal that rDNA decondenses into a puff-like structure during interphase and condenses into a tight loop-like structure during mitosis. Intriguingly, a novel and additional mechanism of increased mitotic rDNA compaction (termed hypercondensation) was recently discovered that occurs in response to temperature stress (hyperthermic-induced) and is rapidly reversible. Here, we report that neither changes in condensin nor cohesin binding dynamics appear to play a critical role in hyperthermic-induced rDNA hypercondensation - differentiating this architectural state from normal mitotic condensation (requiring cohesins and condensins) and the premature condensation (requiring condensins) that occurs during interphase in response to nutrient starvation. A candidate genetic approach revealed that deletion of either Hsp82 or Hsc82 (Hsp90 heat shock paralogs) result in significantly reduced hyperthermic-induced rDNA hypercondensation. Intriguingly, Hsp inhibitors do not impact rDNA hypercondensation. In combination, these findings suggest that Hsp90 either stabilizes client proteins, which are sensitive to very transient thermic challenges, or directly promotes rDNA hypercondensation during preanaphase. Our findings further reveal that the high mobility group protein Hmo1 is a negative regulator of mitotic rDNA condensation, distinct from its role in promoting premature-condensation of rDNA during interphase upon nutrient starvation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skibbens, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/838821</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Promotion of hyperthermic-induced rDNA hypercondensation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/847145v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
qKW9 encodes a pentatricopeptide repeat protein affecting photosynthesis and grain filling in maize 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/847145v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Kernel weight is an important yield component in maize that was selected during domestication. Many kernel weight genes have been identified through mutant analysis, and are mostly involved in the biogenesis and functional maintenance of organelles or other fundamental cellular activities. However, only a limited number of loci underlying quantitative variation in kernel weight have been cloned. Here we characterize a maize kernel weight QTL, qKW9 and find that it encodes a DYW motif pentatricopeptide repeat protein involved in C-to-U editing of NdhB, a subunit of the chloroplast NADH dehydrogenase-like complex. In a null qKW9 background, C-to-U editing of NdhB was abolished, and photosynthesis was reduced, suggesting that qKW9 regulates kernel weight by controling the maternal source of photosynthate for grain filling. Characterization of qKW9 highlights the importance of optimizing photosynthesis on maize grain yield production.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raihan, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jian, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braun, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernie, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/847145</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[qKW9 encodes a pentatricopeptide repeat protein affecting photosynthesis and grain filling in maize]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/847855v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comprehensive analysis of structural variants in breast cancer genomes using single molecule sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/847855v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Improved identification of structural variants (SVs) in cancer can lead to more targeted and effective treatment options as well as advance our basic understanding of disease progression. We performed whole genome sequencing of the SKBR3 breast cancer cell-line and patient-derived tumor and normal organoids from two breast cancer patients using 10X/Illumina, PacBio, and Oxford Nanopore sequencing. We then inferred SVs and large-scale allele-specific copy number variants (CNVs) using an ensemble of methods. Our findings demonstrate that long-read sequencing allows for substantially more accurate and sensitive SV detection, with between 90% and 95% of variants supported by each long-read technology also supported by the other. We also report high accuracy for long-reads even at relatively low coverage (25x-30x). Furthermore, we inferred karyotypes from these data using our enhanced RCK algorithm to present a more accurate representation of the mutated cancer genomes, and find hundreds of variants affecting known cancer-related genes detectable only through long-read sequencing. These findings highlight the need for long-read sequencing of cancer genomes for the precise analysis of their genetic instability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aganezov, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodwin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sherman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sedlazeck, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arun, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhatia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirsche, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wappel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kramer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kostroff, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spector, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Timp, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCombie, W. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schatz, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/847855</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comprehensive analysis of structural variants in breast cancer genomes using single molecule sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/852269v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SciApps: A Cloud-Based Platform for Analyses and Distribution of the MaizeCODE data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/852269v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MaizeCODE is a project aimed at identifying and analyzing functional elements in the maize genome. In its initial phase, MaizeCODE assayed up to five tissues from four maize strains (B73, NC350, W22, TIL11) by RNA-Seq, Chip-Seq, RAMPAGE, and small RNA sequencing. To facilitate reproducible science and provide both human and machine access to the MaizeCODE data, we enhanced SciApps, a cloud-based portal, for analysis and distribution of both raw data and analysis results. Based on the SciApps workflow platform, we generated new components to support the complete cycle of MaizeCODE data management. These include publicly accessible scientific workflows for the reproducible and shareable analysis of various functional data, a RESTful API for batch processing and distribution of data and metadata, a searchable data page that lists each MaizeCODE experiment as a reproducible workflow, and integrated JBrowse genome browser tracks linked with workflows and metadata. The SciApps portal is a flexible platform that allows the integration of new analysis tools, workflows, and genomic data from multiple projects. Through metadata and a ready-to-compute cloud-based platform, the portal experience improves access to the MaizeCODE data and facilitates its analysis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/852269</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SciApps: A Cloud-Based Platform for Analyses and Distribution of the MaizeCODE data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/857169v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A limited set of transcriptional programs define major histological types and provide the molecular basis for a cellular taxonomy of the human body 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/857169v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We have produced RNA sequencing data for a number of primary cells from different locations in the human body. The clustering of these primary cells reveals that most cells in the human body share a few broad transcriptional programs, which define five major cell types: epithelial, endothelial, mesenchymal, neural and blood cells. These act as basic components of many tissues and organs. Based on gene expression, these cell types redefine the basic histological types by which tissues have been traditionally classified. We identified genes whose expression is specific to these cell types, and from these genes, we estimated the contribution of the major cell types to the composition of human tissues. We found this cellular composition to be a characteristic signature of tissues, and to reflect tissue morphological heterogeneity and histology. We identified changes in cellular composition in different tissues associated with age and sex and found that departures from the normal cellular composition correlate with histological phenotypes associated to disease.

One Sentence SummaryA few broad transcriptional programs define the major cell types underlying the histology of human tissues and organs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Breschi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munoz-Aguirre, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wucher, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garrido-Martin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Djebali, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pervouchine, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vlasova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaleski, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drenkow, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danyko, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scavelli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reverter, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snyder, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gingeras, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guigo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/857169</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A limited set of transcriptional programs define major histological types and provide the molecular basis for a cellular taxonomy of the human body]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/857698v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure and assembly of calcium homeostasis modulator proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/857698v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biological membranes of many tissues and organs contain large-pore channels designed to permeate a wide variety of ions and metabolites. Examples include connexin, innexin, and pannexin, which form gap junctions and/or bona fide cell surface channels. The most recently identified large-pore channels are the calcium homeostasis modulators (CALHMs), which permeate ions and ATP in a voltage-dependent manner to control neuronal excitability, taste signaling, and pathologies of depression and Alzheimers disease. Despite such critical biological roles, the structures and patterns of oligomeric assembly remain unclear. Here, we reveal the first structures of two CALHMs, CALHM1 and CALHM2, by single particle cryo-electron microscopy, which show novel assembly of the four transmembrane helices into channels of 8-mers and 11-mers, respectively. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations suggest that lipids can favorably assemble into a bilayer within the larger CALHM2 pore, but not within CALHM1, demonstrating the potential correlation between pore-size, lipid accommodation, and channel activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Syrjanen, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michalski, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chou, T.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grant, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simorowski, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tucker, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grigorieff, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furukawa, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/857698</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure and assembly of calcium homeostasis modulator proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/858365v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effect of Sequence Depth and Length in Long-read Assembly of the Maize Inbred NC358 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/858365v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent improvements in the quality and yield of long-read data and scaffolding technology have made it possible to rapidly generate reference-quality assemblies for complex genomes. Still, generating these assemblies is costly, and an assessment of critical sequence depth and read length to obtain high-quality assemblies is important for allocating limited resources. To this end, we have generated eight independent assemblies for the complex genome of the maize inbred line NC358 using PacBio datasets ranging from 20-75x genomic depth and N50 read lengths of 11-21 kb. Assemblies with 30x or less depth and N50 read length of 11 kb were highly fragmented, with even the low-copy genic fraction of the genome showing degradation at 20x depth. Distinct sequence-quality thresholds were observed for complete assembly of genes, transposable elements, and highly repetitive genomic features such as telomeres, heterochromatic knobs and centromeres. This study provides a useful resource allocation reference to the community as long-read technologies continue to mature.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LIU, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chougule, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fungtammasan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seetharam, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Llaca, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MANCHANDA, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chin, C.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hufnagel, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pedersen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snodgrass, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fengler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodhouse, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walenz, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koren, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillippy, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hannigan, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dawe, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirsch, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hufford, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ware, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/858365</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effect of Sequence Depth and Length in Long-read Assembly of the Maize Inbred NC358]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/863522v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional role of Polymerase IV during pollen development in Capsella 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/863522v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In Arabidopsis thaliana, the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase IV (Pol IV) is required for the formation of transposable element (TE)-derived small RNA (sRNA) transcripts. These transcripts are processed by DICER-LIKE 3 into 24-nt small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that guide RNA-dependent DNA methylation. In the pollen grain, Pol IV is also required for the accumulation of 21/22-nt epigenetically-activated siRNAs (easiRNAs) that likely silence TEs by post-transcriptional mechanisms. Despite this proposed functional role, loss of Pol IV function in Arabidopsis does not cause a discernable pollen defect. Here, we show that loss of NRPD1, encoding the largest subunit of Pol IV in the Brassicaceae Capsella rubella, causes post-meiotic arrest of pollen development at the microspore stage. As in Arabidopsis, all TE-derived siRNAs were depleted in Capsella nrpd1 microspores. In wild-type background, we found that the same TEs produced 21/22-nt and 24-nt siRNAs, leading us to propose that Pol IV is generating the direct precursors for 21-24-nt siRNAs, which are targeted by different DICERs. Arrest of Capsella nrpd1 microspores was accompanied by deregulation of genes targeted by Pol IV-dependent siRNAs. The distance of TEs to genes was much closer in Capsella rubella compared to Arabidopsis thaliana, providing a possible explanation for the essential role of Pol IV for pollen development in Capsella. Our study in Capsella uncovers a functional requirement of Pol IV in microspores, emphasizing the relevance of investigating different plant models.

One-sentence summaryLoss of Polymerase IV function in Capsella rubella causes microspore arrest, revealing an important functional role of Polymerase IV during pollen development.

The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantcell.org) is: Claudia Kohler (Claudia.Kohler@slu.se)
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butel, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santos-Gonzalez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borges, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martienssen, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kohler, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/863522</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional role of Polymerase IV during pollen development in Capsella]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/868141v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ZBED2 is an antagonist of Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 and modulates cell identity in pancreatic cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/868141v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lineage plasticity is a prominent feature of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) cells, which can occur via deregulation of lineage-specifying transcription factors. Here, we show that the zinc finger protein ZBED2 is aberrantly expressed in PDA and alters tumor cell identity in this disease. Unexpectedly, our epigenomic experiments reveal that ZBED2 is a sequence-specific transcriptional repressor of interferon-stimulated genes, which occurs through antagonism of Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 (IRF1)-mediated transcriptional activation at co-occupied promoter elements. Consequently, ZBED2 attenuates the transcriptional output and growth arrest phenotypes downstream of interferon signaling in multiple PDA cell line models. We also found that ZBED2 is preferentially expressed in the squamous molecular subtype of human PDA, in association with inferior patient survival outcomes. Consistent with this observation, we show that ZBED2 can repress the pancreatic progenitor transcriptional program, enhance motility, and promote invasion in PDA cells. Collectively, our findings suggest that high ZBED2 expression is acquired during PDA progression to suppress the interferon response pathway and to promote lineage plasticity in this disease.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is one of the most lethal human malignancies, attributed in part to lineage infidelity downstream of deregulated lineage-specifying transcription factors (TFs). Here we define the biological effects of a poorly understood TF ZBED2 in the most aggressive subtype of PDA, defined by the expression of squamous lineage markers. Our study reveals two molecular functions of ZBED2 in PDA cells: an inhibitor of interferon response genes and a modifier of epithelial lineage programs. Both functions can be explained by the ability of ZBED2 to antagonize the functional output of Interferon Regulatory Factor-1 (IRF1). Our study reinforces the concept of aberrant lineage identity in cancer and highlights an unexpected connection between interferon response pathways and squamous-subtype PDA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Somerville, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vakoc, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/868141</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ZBED2 is an antagonist of Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 and modulates cell identity in pancreatic cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/868919v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ACE: A Probabilistic Model for Characterizing Gene-Level Essentiality in CRISPR Screens 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/868919v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
High-throughput knockout screens based on CRISPR-Cas9 are widely used to evaluate the essentiality of genes across a range of cell types. Here we introduce a probabilistic modeling framework, Analysis of CRISPR-based Essentiality (ACE), that enables new statistical tests for essentiality based on the raw sequence read counts from such screens. ACE estimates the essentiality of each gene using a flexible likelihood framework that accounts for multiple sources of variation in the CRISPR-Cas9 experimental process. In addition, the method can identify genes that differ in their degree of essentiality across samples using a likelihood ratio test. We show using simulations that ACE is competitive with the best available methods in predicting essentiality, and is especially useful for the identification of differential essentiality. Furthermore, by applying ACE to publicly available CRISPR-screen data, we are able to identify both known and previously overlooked candidates for genotype-specific essentiality, including RNA m6-A methyltransferases that exhibit enhanced essentiality in the presence of inactivating TP53 mutations. In summary, ACE provides improved quantification of essentiality specific to cancer subtypes, and a robust probabilistic framework for identifying genes responsive to therapeutic targeting.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hutton, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siepel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/868919</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ACE: A Probabilistic Model for Characterizing Gene-Level Essentiality in CRISPR Screens]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/000687v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human genetics and clinical aspects of neurodevelopmental disorders 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/000687v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Introduction Introduction Clinical classifications and the... De novo mutations, germline... Rare and compensatory mutations Current ability / approaches Prenatal diagnosis,... Implications for acceptance,... Conclusions References "our incomplete studies do not permit actual classification; but it is better to leave things by themselves rather than to force them into classes which have their foundation only on paper" -- Edouard Seguin (Seguin, 1866)nn"The fundamental mistake which vitiates all work based upon Mendels method is the neglect of ancestry, and the attempt to regard the whole effect upon offspring, produced by a particular parent, as due to the existence in the parent of particular structural c ...
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gholson J Lyon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jason O'Rawe</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2013-11-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/000687</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human genetics and clinical aspects of neurodevelopmental disorders]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2013-11-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/010066v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Selective corticostriatal plasticity during acquisition of an auditory discrimination task 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/010066v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Perceptual decisions are based on the activity of sensory cortical neurons, but how organisms learn to transform this activity into appropriate actions remains unknown. Projections from the auditory cortex to the auditory striatum carry information that drives decisions in an auditory frequency discrimination task1. To assess the role of these projections in learning, we developed a Channelrhodopsin-2-based assay to selectively probe for synaptic plasticity associated with corticostriatal neurons representing different frequencies. Here we report that learning this auditory discrimination preferentially potentiates corticostriatal synapses from neurons representing either high or low frequencies, depending on reward contingencies. We observed frequency-dependent corticostriatal potentiation in vivo over the course of training, and in vitro in striatal brain slices. Our findings suggest a model in which selective potentiation of inputs representing different components of a sensory stimulus enables the learned transformation of sensory input into actions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qiaojie Xiong</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petr Znamenskiy</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anthony Zador</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2014-10-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/010066</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Selective corticostriatal plasticity during acquisition of an auditory discrimination task]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2014-10-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/023366v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A rapid and tunable method to temporally control Cas9 expression enables the identification of essential genes and the interrogation of functional gene interactions in vitro and in vivo. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/023366v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Cas9/CRISPR system is a powerful tool for studying gene function. Here we describe a method that allows temporal control of Cas9/CRISPER activity based on conditional Cas9 destabilization. We demonstrate that fusing an FKBP12-derived destabilizing domain to Cas9 (DD-CAS9) enables conditional Cas9 expression in vitro in the presence of an FKBP12 synthetic ligand and temporal control of gene-editing. Further, we show that this strategy can be easily adapted to co-express, from the same promoter, DD-Cas9 with any other gene of interest, without the latter being co-modulated. In particular, when co-expressed with inducible Cre-ERT2, our system enables parallel, independent manipulation of alleles targeted by Cas9 and traditional recombinase with single-cell specificity. We anticipate this platform will be used for the systematic identification of essential genes and the interrogation of genes functional interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Serif Senturk</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nitin H Shirole</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dawid D. Nowak</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vincenzo Corbo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexander Vaughan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David A. Tuveson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lloyd C. Trotman</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adam Kepecs</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frank Stegmeier</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raffaella Sordella</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-07-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/023366</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A rapid and tunable method to temporally control Cas9 expression enables the identification of essential genes and the interrogation of functional gene interactions in vitro and in vivo.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-07-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/033738v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A new Defective Helper RNA to produce Sindbis virus that infects neurons but does not propagate 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/033738v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recombinant Sindbis viruses are important tools in neuroscience because they combine rapid and high transgene expression with a capacity to carry large transgenes. Currently, two packaging systems based on the DH(26S)5SIN and the DH-BB(tRNA;TE12) Defective Helper (DH) RNAs are available for making recombinant Sindbis virus that is neurotropic (able to infect neurons and potentially other cells). Both systems produce a fraction of viral particles that can propagate beyond the primary infected neuron. When injected into mouse brains, viruses produced using these DH RNAs label neurons at the injection site, but also elsewhere in the brain. Such ectopic labeling caused recombinant Sindbis viruses to be classified as anterograde viruses with limited retrograde spread, and can complicate the interpretation of neuroanatomical and other experiments.nnHere we describe a new DH RNA, DH-BB(5SIN;TE12ORF), that can be used to produce virus that is both neurotropic and propagation-incompetent. We show in mice that DH-BB(5SIN;TE12ORF)- packaged virus eliminates infection of cells outside the injection site. We also provide evidence that ectopically labeled cells observed in previous experiments with recombinant Sindbis virus resulted from secondary infection by propagation-competent virus, rather than from inefficient retrograde spread.nnVirus produced with our new packaging system retains all the advantages of previous recombinant Sindbis viruses, but minimizes the risks of confounding results with unwanted ectopic labeling. It should therefore be considered in future studies in which a neurotropic, recombinant Sindbis virus is needed.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Justus M Kebschull</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pedro Garcia da Silva</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anthony M Zador</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-12-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/033738</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A new Defective Helper RNA to produce Sindbis virus that infects neurons but does not propagate]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-12-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/041137v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effectors and potential targets selectively upregulated in human KRAS mutant lung adenocarcinomas 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/041137v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetic and proteomic analysis of human tumor samples can provide an important compliment to information obtained from model systems. Here we examined protein and gene expression from the Cancer Genome and Proteome Atlases (TCGA and TCPA) to characterize proteins and protein-coding genes that are selectively upregulated in KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinomas. Phosphoprotein activation of several MAPK signaling components was considerably stronger in KRAS-mutants than any other group of tumors, even those with activating mutations in receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and BRAF. Co-occurring mutations in KRAS-mutants were associated with differential activation of PDK1 and PKC-alpha. Genes showing strong activation in RNA-seq data included negative regulators of RTK/RAF/MAPK signaling along with potential oncogenic effectors including activators of Rac and Rho proteins and the receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase genes PTPRM and PTPRE. These results corroborate RAF/MAPK signaling as an important therapeutic target in KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinomas and pinpoint new potential targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jinyu Li</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raffaella Sordella</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott Powers</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/041137</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effectors and potential targets selectively upregulated in human KRAS mutant lung adenocarcinomas]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/045047v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proteomic and genomic characterization of a yeast model for Ogden syndrome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/045047v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Naa10 is a N-terminal acetyltransferase that, in a complex with its auxiliary subunit Naa15, co-translationally acetylates the -amino group of newly synthetized proteins as they emerge from the ribosome. Roughly 40-50% of the human proteome is acetylated by Naa10, rendering this an enzyme with one of the most broad substrate ranges known. Recently, we reported an X-linked disorder of infancy, Ogden syndrome, in two families harboring a c.109T>C (p.Ser37Pro) variant in NAA10. In the present study we performed in-depth characterization of a yeast model of Ogden syndrome. Stress tests and proteomic analyses suggest that the S37P mutation disrupts Naa10 function thereby reducing cellular fitness, possibly due to an impaired functionality of molecular chaperones, Hsp104, Hsp40 and the Hsp70 family. Microarray and RNA-seq revealed a pseudo-diploid gene expression profile in {Delta}Naa10 cells, likely responsible for a mating defect. In conclusion, the data presented here further support the disruptive nature of the S37P/Ogden mutation and identify affected cellular processes potentially contributing to the severe phenotype seen in Ogden syndrome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Max Doerfel</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han Fang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonathan Crain</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael E Klingener</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jake Weiser</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gholson J Lyon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-03-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/045047</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proteomic and genomic characterization of a yeast model for Ogden syndrome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-03-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/053868v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
EGAD: Ultra-fast functional analysis of gene networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/053868v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryEvaluating gene networks with respect to known biology is a common task but often a computationally costly one. Many computational experiments are difficult to apply exhaustively in network analysis due to run-times. To permit high-throughput analysis of gene networks, we have implemented a set of very efficient tools to calculate functional properties in networks based on guilt-by-association methods. EGAD (Extending  Guilt-by-Association by Degree) allows gene networks to be evaluated with respect to hundreds or thousands of gene sets. The methods predict novel members of gene groups, assess how well a gene network groups known sets of genes, and determines the degree to which generic predictions drive performance. By allowing fast evaluations, whether of random sets or real functional ones, EGAD provides the user with an assessment of performance which can easily be used in controlled evaluations across many parameters.nnAvailability and ImplementationThe software package is freely available at https://github.com/sarbal/EGAD and implemented for use in R and Matlab. The package is also freely available under the LGPL license from the Bioconductor web site (http://bioconductor.org).nnContactJGillis@cshl.edunnSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online and the full manual at http://gillislab.labsites.cshl.edu/software/egad-extending-guilt-by-association-by-degree/.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sara Ballouz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melanie Weber</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul Pavlidis</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jesse Gillis</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/053868</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[EGAD: Ultra-fast functional analysis of gene networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/073783v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A self-initiated two-alternative forced choice paradigm for head-fixed mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/073783v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Psychophysical tasks for non-human primates have been instrumental in studying circuits underlying perceptual decision-making. To obtain greater experimental flexibility, these tasks have subsequently been adapted for use in freely moving rodents. However, advances in functional imaging and genetic targeting of neuronal populations have made it critical to develop similar tasks for head-fixed mice. Although head-fixed mice have been trained in two-alternative forced choice tasks before, these tasks were not self-initiated, making it difficult to attribute error trials to perceptual or decision errors as opposed to mere lapses in task engagement. Here, we describe a paradigm for head-fixed mice with three lick spouts, analogous to the well-established 3-port paradigm for freely moving rodents. Mice readily learned to initiate trials on the center spout and performed around 200 self-initiated trials per session, reaching good psychometric performance within two weeks of training. We expect this paradigm will be useful to study the role of defined neural populations in sensory processing and decision-making.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fred Marbach</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anthony M Zador</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-09-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/073783</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A self-initiated two-alternative forced choice paradigm for head-fixed mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-09-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/099093v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Using high-throughput barcode sequencing to efficiently map connectomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/099093v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The function of a neural circuit is determined by the details of its synaptic connections. At present, the only available method for determining a neural wiring diagram with single synapse precision--a "connectome"--is based on imaging methods that are slow, labor-intensive and expensive. Here we present SYNseq, a method for converting the connectome into a form that can exploit the speed and low cost of modern high-throughput DNA sequencing. In SYNseq, each neuron is labeled with a unique random nucleotide sequence--an RNA "barcode"--which is targeted to the synapse using engineered proteins. Barcodes in pre- and postsynaptic neurons are then associated through protein-protein crosslinking across the synapse, extracted from the tissue, and then joined into a form suitable for sequencing. Although at present the inefficiency in our hands of barcode joining precludes the widespread application of this approach, we expect that with further development SYNseq will enable tracing of complex circuits at high speed and low cost.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Peikon, I. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kebschull, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vagin, V. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravens, D. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brouzes, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Correa, I. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bressan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zador, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-01-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/099093</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Using high-throughput barcode sequencing to efficiently map connectomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-01-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/117689v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nascent RNA sequencing reveals a dynamic global transcriptional response at genes and enhancers to the natural medicinal compound celastrol 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/117689v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most studies of responses to transcriptional stimuli measure changes in cellular mRNA concentrations. By sequencing nascent RNA instead, it is possible to detect changes in transcription in minutes rather than hours, and thereby distinguish primary from secondary responses to regulatory signals. Here, we describe the use of PRO-seq to characterize the immediate transcriptional response in human cells to celastrol, a compound derived from traditional Chinese medicine that has potent anti-inflammatory, tumor-inhibitory and obesity-controlling effects. Our analysis of PRO-seq data for K562 cells reveals dramatic transcriptional effects soon after celastrol treatment at a broad collection of both coding and noncoding transcription units. This transcriptional response occurred in two major waves, one within 10 minutes, and a second 40-60 minutes after treatment. Transcriptional activity was generally repressed by celastrol, but one distinct group of genes, enriched for roles in the heat shock response, displayed strong activation. Using a regression approach, we identified key transcription factors that appear to drive these transcriptional responses, including members of the E2F and RFX families. We also found sequence-based evidence that particular TFs drive the activation of enhancers. We observed increased polymerase pausing at both genes and enhancers, suggesting that pause release may be widely inhibited during the celastrol response. Our study demonstrates that a careful analysis of PRO-seq time course data can disentangle key aspects of a complex transcriptional response, and it provides new insights into the activity of a powerful pharmacological agent.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dukler, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Booth, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tippens, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danko, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siepel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/117689</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nascent RNA sequencing reveals a dynamic global transcriptional response at genes and enhancers to the natural medicinal compound celastrol]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/137471v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
De novo indels within introns contribute to ASD incidence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/137471v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Copy number profiling and whole-exome sequencing has allowed us to make remarkable progress in our understanding of the genetics of autism over the past ten years, but there are major aspects of the genetics that are unresolved. Through whole-genome sequencing, additional types of genetic variants can be observed. These variants are abundant and to know which are functional is challenging. We have analyzed whole-genome sequencing data from 510 of the Simons Simplex Collections quad families and focused our attention on intronic variants. Within the introns of 546 high-quality autism target genes, we identified 63 de novo indels in the affected and only 37 in the unaffected siblings. The difference of 26 events is significantly larger than expected (p-val = 0.01) and using reasonable extrapolation shows that de novo intronic indels can contribute to at least 10% of simplex autism. The significance increases if we restrict to the half of the autism targets that are intolerant to damaging variants in the normal human population, which half we expect to be even more enriched for autism genes. For these 273 targets we observe 43 and 20 events in affected and unaffected siblings, respectively (p-value of 0.005). There was no significant signal in the number of de novo intronic indels in any of the control sets of genes analyzed. We see no signal from de novo substitutions in the introns of target genes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Munoz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamrom, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y.-h.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrews, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marks, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, K.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krainer, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darnell, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wigler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iossifov, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/137471</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[De novo indels within introns contribute to ASD incidence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/148031v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A single-cell anatomical blueprint for intracortical information transfer from primary visual cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/148031v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The wiring diagram of the neocortex determines how information is processed across dozens of cortical areas. Each area communicates with multiple others via extensive long-range axonal projections 1-6, but the logic of inter-area information transfer is unresolved. Specifically, the extent to which individual neurons send dedicated projections to single cortical targets or distribute their signals across multiple areas remains unclear5,7-20. Distinguishing between these possibilities has been challenging because axonal projections of only a few individual neurons have been reconstructed. Here we map the projection patterns of axonal arbors from 591 individual neurons in mouse primary visual cortex (V1) using two complementary methods: whole-brain fluorescence-based axonal tracing21,22 and high-throughput DNA sequencing of genetically barcoded neurons (MAPseq)23. Although our results confirm the existence of dedicated projections to certain cortical areas, we find these are the exception, and that the majority of V1 neurons broadcast information to multiple cortical targets. Furthermore, broadcasting cells do not project to all targets randomly, but rather comprise subpopulations that either avoid or preferentially innervate specific subsets of cortical areas. Our data argue against a model of dedicated lines of intracortical information transfer via "one neuron - one target area" mapping. Instead, long-range communication between a sensory cortical area and its targets may be based on a principle whereby individual neurons copy information to, and potentially coordinate activity across, specific subsets of cortical areas.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Han, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kebschull, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, R. A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cowan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imhof, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zador, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mrsic-Flogel, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/148031</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A single-cell anatomical blueprint for intracortical information transfer from primary visual cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.06.896555v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regulation of HDAC2-PDX1 by RNF125 defines pancreatic cancer development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.06.896555v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
There is an urgent need to define mechanisms underlying pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDA) development. Our studies of ubiquitin ligases that may underlie PDA development led us to identify and characterize RNF125. We show that RNF125 exhibits nuclear expression in acinar cells, with reduced and largely cytosolic expression in ductal cells, PanIN and PDA specimens. We find that RNF125 interacts with histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) and promotes its non-canonical K63-linked ubiquitination. Inhibition of HDAC2 activity by RNF125 resulted in elevated expression of the pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1). Correspondingly, inhibition of RNF125 expression enhanced organoid growth in culture and orthotopic tumor development. Conversely, restoration of PDX1 levels in human or mouse PDA cells and organoids depleted of RNF125, inhibited cell proliferation and growth, while expression of HDAC2 enhanced it. Notably, higher expression of RNF125 and PDX1 coincided with differentiated tumor phenotypes, and better outcome in PDA patients. In demonstrating the importance of RNF125 control of PDX1 expression via HDAC2 ubiquitination in PDA development, our findings highlight markers (RNF125, PDX1) and targets (HDAC2) for monitoring and possible treatment of PDA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hasnis, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almog, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsliah, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vavinskaya, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alelbaum, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben-Ishay, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuveson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sears, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ronai, Z. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.06.896555</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regulation of HDAC2-PDX1 by RNF125 defines pancreatic cancer development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.09.984237v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dissecting cell type-specific metabolism in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.09.984237v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tumors are composed of many different cell types including cancer cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells. Dissecting functional metabolic differences between various cell types within a mixed population can be limited by the rapid turnover of metabolites relative to the time needed to isolate cells. To overcome this challenge, we traced isotope-labeled nutrients into macromolecules that turn over more slowly than metabolites. This approach was used to assess differences between cancer cell and fibroblast metabolism in pancreatic cancer organoid-fibroblast co-cultures and in pancreatic tumors. In these contexts, we find pancreatic cancer cells exhibit increased pyruvate carboxylation relative to fibroblasts, and that this flux depends on both pyruvate carboxylase and malic enzyme 1 activity. Consequently, expression of both enzymes in cancer cells is necessary for organoid and tumor growth, demonstrating that dissecting the metabolism of specific cell populations within heterogeneous systems can identify dependencies that may not be evident from studying isolated cells in culture or bulk tumor tissue.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lau, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danai, L. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westermark, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darnell, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferreira, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gocheva, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sivanand, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lien, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sapp, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayers, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biffi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chin, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuveson, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacks, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matheson, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yilmaz, O. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vander Heiden, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.09.984237</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dissecting cell type-specific metabolism in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.05.077156v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Therapeutic remodeling of CBP transcription factor complex controls oncogenic gene expression in acute myeloid leukemia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.05.077156v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dysregulated gene expression contributes to most prevalent features in human cancers. Here, we show that most subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) depend on the aberrant assembly of MYB transcriptional co-activator complex. By rapid and selective peptidomimetic interference with the binding of CBP/P300 to MYB, but not CREB or MLL1, we find that the leukemic functions of MYB are mediated by CBP/P300 co-activation of a distinct set of transcription factor complexes. These MYB complexes assemble aberrantly with LYL1, E2A, C/EBP family members, LMO2 and SATB1. They are organized convergently in genetically diverse subtypes of AML, and are at least in part associated with inappropriate transcription factor co-expression. Peptidomimetic remodeling of oncogenic MYB complexes is accompanied by specific proteolysis and dynamic redistribution of CBP/P300 with alternative transcription factors such as RUNX1 to induce myeloid differentiation and apoptosis. Thus, aberrant assembly and sequestration of MYB:CBP/P300 complexes provide a unifying mechanism of oncogenic gene expression in AML. This work establishes a compelling strategy for their pharmacologic reprogramming and therapeutic targeting for diverse leukemias and possibly other human cancers caused by dysregulated gene control.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Forbes, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cifani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minuesa, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kharas, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koche, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kentsis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.05.077156</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Therapeutic remodeling of CBP transcription factor complex controls oncogenic gene expression in acute myeloid leukemia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.27.357269v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Comprises Coexisting Regulatory States with both Common and Distinct Dependencies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.27.357269v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite extensive efforts, reproducible assessment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) heterogeneity and plasticity at the single cell level remains elusive. Systematic, network-based analysis of regulatory protein activity in single cells identified three PDA Developmental Lineages (PDLs), coexisting in virtually all tumors, whose transcriptional states are mechanistically driven by aberrant activation of Master Regulator (MR) proteins associated with gastrointestinal lineages (GLS state), morphogen and EMT pathways (MOS state), and acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ALS state), respectively. Each PDL is further subdivided into sub-states characterized by low vs. high MAPK pathway activity. This taxonomy was remarkably conserved across multiple cohorts, cell lines, and PDX models, and harmonized with bulk profile analyses. Cross-state plasticity and MR essentiality was confirmed by barcode-based lineage tracing and CRISPR/Cas9 assays, respectively, while MR ectopic expression induced PDL transdifferentiation. Together these data provide a mechanistic foundation for PDA heterogeneity and a roadmap for targeting PDA cellular subtypes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Laise, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turunen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maurer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curiel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elyada, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmierer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomassoni, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Worley, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarez, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kesner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tagore, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A. L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iuga, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manji, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Notta, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuveson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olive, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Califano, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.27.357269</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Comprises Coexisting Regulatory States with both Common and Distinct Dependencies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.16.435261v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Encoding innate ability through a genomic bottleneck 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.16.435261v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWAnimals are born with extensive innate behavioral capabilities, which arise from neural circuits encoded in the genome. However, the information capacity of the genome is orders of magnitude smaller than that needed to specify the connectivity of an arbitrary brain circuit, indicating that the rules encoding circuit formation must fit through a "genomic bottleneck" as they pass from one generation to the next. Here we formulate the problem of innate behavioral capacity in the context of artificial neural networks in terms of lossy compression of the weight matrix. We find that several standard network architectures can be compressed by several orders of magnitude, yielding pre-training performance that can approach that of the fully-trained network. Interestingly, for complex but not for simple test problems, the genomic bottleneck algorithm also captures essential features of the circuit, leading to enhanced transfer learning to novel tasks and datasets. Our results suggest that compressing a neural circuit through the genomic bottleneck serves as a regularizer, enabling evolution to select simple circuits that can be readily adapted to important real-world tasks. The genomic bottleneck also suggests how innate priors can complement conventional approaches to learning in designing algorithms for artificial intelligence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Koulakov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shuvaev, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zador, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.16.435261</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Encoding innate ability through a genomic bottleneck]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.26.441442v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-tissue integrative analysis of personal epigenomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.26.441442v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding how genetic variants impact molecular phenotypes is a key goal of functional genomics, currently hindered by reliance on a single haploid reference genome. Here, we present the EN-TEx resource of personal epigenomes, for [~]25 tissues and >10 assays in four donors (>1500 open-access functional genomic and proteomic datasets, in total). Each dataset is mapped to a matched, diploid personal genome, which has long-read phasing and structural variants. The mappings enable us to identify >1 million loci with allele-specific behavior. These loci exhibit coordinated epigenetic activity along haplotypes and less conservation than matched, non-allele-specific loci, in a fashion broadly paralleling tissue-specificity. Surprisingly, they can be accurately modelled just based on local nucleotide-sequence context. Combining EN-TEx with existing genome annotations reveals strong associations between allele-specific and GWAS loci and enables models for transferring known eQTLs to difficult-to-profile tissues. Overall, EN-TEx provides rich data and generalizable models for more accurate personal functional genomics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rozowsky, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drenkow, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gursoy, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galeev, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borsari, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Epstein, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berthel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navarro, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cameron, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shoresh, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaskell, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adrian, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aganezov, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balderrama-Gutierrez, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banskota, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corona, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chhetri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martins, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danyko, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farid, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farrell, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabdank, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gofin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorkin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hecht, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hitz, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Issner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirsche, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lam, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mackiewicz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mudge, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nel</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.26.441442</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-tissue integrative analysis of personal epigenomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/239319v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SAKE (Single-cell RNA-Seq Analysis and Klustering Evaluation) Identifies Markers of Resistance to Targeted BRAF Inhibitors in Melanoma Cell Populations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/239319v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-cell RNA-Seqs (scRNA-Seq) unprecedented cellular resolution at a genome wide scale enables us to address questions about cellular heterogeneity that are inaccessible using methods that average over bulk tissue extracts. However, scRNA-Seq datasets also present additional challenges such as high transcript dropout rates, stochastic transcription events, and complex population substructures. Here, we present SAKE (Single-cell RNA-Seq Analysis and Klustering Evaluation): a robust method for scRNA-Seq analysis that provides quantitative statistical metrics at each step of the scRNA-Seq analysis pipeline including metrics for: the determination of the number of clusters present, the likelihood that each cell belongs to a given cluster, and the association of each gene marker in determining cluster membership. Comparing SAKE to multiple single-cell analysis methods shows that most methods perform similarly across a wide range cellular contexts, with SAKE outperforming these methods in the case of large complex populations. We next applied the SAKE algorithms to identify drug-resistant cellular populations as human melanoma cells respond to targeted BRAF inhibitors. Single-cell RNA-Seq data from both the Fluidigm C1 and 10x Genomics platforms were analyzed with SAKE to dissect this problem at multiple scales. Data from both platforms indicate that BRAF inhibitor resistant cells can emerge from rare populations already present before drug application, with SAKE identifying both novel and known markers of resistance. In addition, we compare integrated genomic and transcriptomic markers to show that resistance can arise stochastically within multiple distinct clonal populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ho, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anaparthy, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molik, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aicher, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hicks, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gale Hammell, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/239319</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SAKE (Single-cell RNA-Seq Analysis and Klustering Evaluation) Identifies Markers of Resistance to Targeted BRAF Inhibitors in Melanoma Cell Populations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/385476v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A genetic, genomic, and computational resource for exploring neural circuit function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/385476v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The anatomy of many neural circuits is being characterized with increasing resolution, but their molecular properties remain mostly unknown. Here, we characterize gene expression patterns in distinct neural cell types of the Drosophila visual system using genetic lines to access individual cell types, the TAPIN-seq method to measure their transcriptomes, and a probabilistic method to interpret these measurements. We used these tools to build a resource of high-resolution transcriptomes for 100 driver lines covering 67 cell types, available at http://www.opticlobe.com. Combining these transcriptomes with recently reported connectomes helps characterize how information is transmitted and processed across a range of scales, from individual synapses to circuit pathways. We describe examples that include identifying neurotransmitters, including cases of co-release, generating functional hypotheses based on receptor expression, as well as identifying strong commonalities between different cell types.nnHighlightsO_LITranscriptomes reveal transmitters and receptors expressed in Drosophila visual neuronsnC_LIO_LITandem affinity purification of intact nuclei (TAPIN) enables neuronal genomicsnC_LIO_LITAPIN-seq and genetic drivers establish transcriptomes of 67 Drosophila cell typesnC_LIO_LIProbabilistic modeling simplifies interpretation of large transcriptome catalogsnC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Davis, F. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nern, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Picard, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reiser, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubin, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eddy, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henry, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/385476</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A genetic, genomic, and computational resource for exploring neural circuit function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/581660v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PP2A inhibitor PME-1 suppresses anoikis, and is associated with therapy relapse of PTEN-deficient prostate cancers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/581660v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While organ-confined PCa is mostly therapeutically manageable, metastatic progression of PCa remains an unmet clinical challenge. Resistance to anoikis, a form of cell death initiated by cell detachment from the surrounding extracellular matrix, is one of the cellular processes critical for PCa progression towards aggressive disease. Therefore, further understanding of anoikis regulation in PCa might provide therapeutic opportunities. Here, we discover that PCa tumors with concomitantly compromised function of two tumor suppressor phosphatases, PP2A and PTEN, are particularly aggressive, having less than 50% 5-year secondary-therapy free patient survival. Functionally, overexpression of PME-1, a PP2A inhibitor protein, inhibits anoikis in PTEN-deficient PCa cells. In vivo, PME-1 inhibition increased apoptosis in in ovo PCa tumor xenografts, and attenuated PCa cell survival in zebrafish circulation. Molecularly, PME-1 deficient PCa cells display increased trimethylation at lysines 9 and 27 of histone H3 (H3K9me3 and H3K27me3), a phenotype corresponding to increased apoptosis sensitivity. In summary, we discover that PME-1 overexpression supports anoikis resistance in PTEN-deficient PCa cells. Clinically, the results identify PME-1 as a candidate biomarker for a subset of particularly aggressive PTEN-deficient PCa.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rupp, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aakula, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isomursu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erickson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kauko, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Padzik, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaur, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pokharel, Y. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trottman, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rannikko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taimen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lammerding, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paatero, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirtti, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivaska, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westermarck, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/581660</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PP2A inhibitor PME-1 suppresses anoikis, and is associated with therapy relapse of PTEN-deficient prostate cancers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/582643v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Critique of Pure Learning: What Artificial Neural Networks can Learn from Animal Brains 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/582643v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPCAPBSTRACTC_SCPCAPOver the last decade, artificial neural networks (ANNs), have undergone a revolution, catalyzed in large part by better tools for supervised learning. However, training such networks requires enormous data sets of labeled examples, whereas young animals (including humans) typically learn with few or no labeled examples. This stark contrast with biological learning has led many in the ANN community posit that instead of supervised paradigms, animals must rely instead primarily on unsupervised learning, leading the search for better unsupervised algorithms. Here we argue that much of an animals behavioral repertoire is not the result of clever learning algorithms--supervised or unsupervised--but arises instead from behavior programs already present at birth. These programs arise through evolution, are encoded in the genome, and emerge as a consequence of wiring up the brain. Specifically, animals are born with highly structured brain connectivity, which enables them learn very rapidly. Recognizing the importance of the highly structured connectivity suggests a path toward building ANNs capable of rapid learning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zador, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/582643</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Critique of Pure Learning: What Artificial Neural Networks can Learn from Animal Brains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.06.455414v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An engineered, orthogonal auxin analog/AtTIR1(F79G) pairing improves both specificity and efficacy of the auxin degradation system in Caenorhabditis elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.06.455414v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The auxin-inducible degradation system in C. elegans allows for spatial and temporal control of protein degradation via heterologous expression of a single Arabidopsis thaliana F-box protein, transport inhibitor response 1 (AtTIR1). In this system, exogenous auxin (Indole-3-acetic acid; IAA) enhances the ability of AtTIR1 to function as a substrate recognition component that adapts engineered degron-tagged proteins to the endogenous C. elegans E3 ubiquitin ligases complex (SKR-1/2-CUL-1-F-box (SCF)), targeting them for degradation by the proteosome. While this system has been employed to dissect the developmental functions of many C. elegans proteins, we have found that several auxin-inducible degron (AID)-tagged proteins are constitutively degraded by AtTIR1 in the absence of auxin, leading to undesired loss-of-function phenotypes. In this manuscript, we adapt an orthogonal auxin-derivative/mutant AtTIR1 pair (C. elegans AID version 2 (C.e.AIDv2)) that transforms the specificity of allosteric regulation of TIR1 from IAA to one that is dependent on an auxin derivative harboring a bulky aryl group (5-Ph-IAA). We find that a mutant AtTIR1(F79G) allele that alters the ligand binding interface of TIR1 dramatically reduces ligand-independent degradation of multiple AID*-tagged proteins. In addition to solving the ectopic degradation problem for some AID targets, addition of 5-Ph-IAA to culture media of animals expressing AtTIR1(F79G) leads to more penetrant loss-of-function phenotypes for AID*-tagged proteins than those elicited by the AtTIR1-IAA pairing at similar auxin analog concentrations. The improved specificity and efficacy afforded by the mutant AtTIR1(F79G) allele expands the utility of the AID system and broadens the number of proteins that can be effectively targeted with it.

ARITCLE SUMMARYImplementation of the auxin induced degradation (AID) system has increased the power if the C. elegans model through its ability to rapidly degrade target proteins in the presence of the plant hormone auxin (IAA). The current C.e.AID system is limited in that a substantial level of target degradation occurs in the absence of ligand and full levels of target protein degradation require high levels of auxin inducer. In this manuscript, we modify the AID system to solve these problems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hiils-Muckey, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, M. A. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stec, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hebbar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saldanha, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medwig-Kinney, T. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, F. E. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivanova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moraro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ward, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moss, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ercan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zinovyeva, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matus, D. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.06.455414</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An engineered, orthogonal auxin analog/AtTIR1(F79G) pairing improves both specificity and efficacy of the auxin degradation system in Caenorhabditis elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.09.455691v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Patient-derived triple negative breast cancer organoids provide robust model systems that recapitulate tumor intrinsic characteristics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.09.455691v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive form of breast cancer with poor patient outcomes, and an unmet clinical need for targeted therapies and better model systems. Here, we developed and comprehensively characterized a diverse biobank of normal and breast cancer patient-derived organoids (PDOs) with a focus on TNBCs. PDOs recapitulated patient tumor intrinsic properties and a subset of PDOs can be propagated for long-term culture (LT-TNBCs). Single cell profiling of PDOs identified cell types and gene candidates affiliated with different aspects of cancer progression. The LT-TNBC organoids exhibit signatures of aggressive MYC-driven basal-like breast cancers and are largely comprised of luminal progenitor (LP)-like cells. The TNBC LP-like cells are distinct from normal LPs and exhibit hyperactivation of NOTCH and MYC signaling. Overall, our study validates TNBC PDOs as robust models for understanding breast cancer biology and progression, paving the way for personalized medicine and tailored treatment options.

Statement of SignificanceA comprehensive analysis of TNBC patient-derived organoids is presented by genomic, transcriptomic, and in-vivo analyses, providing insights into cellular heterogeneity and mechanisms of tumorigenesis at the single cell level.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bhatia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kramer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naik, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arun, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brophy, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrews, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perou, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preall, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ha, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rishi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilkinson, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCombie, W. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kostroff, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spector, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.09.455691</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Patient-derived triple negative breast cancer organoids provide robust model systems that recapitulate tumor intrinsic characteristics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.11.455851v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Early neutrophilia marked by aerobic glycolysis sustains host metabolism and delays cancer cachexia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.11.455851v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
An elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio negatively predicts the outcome of patients with cancer and is associated with cachexia, the terminal wasting syndrome. Here, we show using murine model systems of colorectal and pancreatic cancer that neutrophilia in the circulation and multiple organs, accompanied by extramedullary hematopoiesis, is an early event during cancer progression. Transcriptomic and metabolic assessment reveals that neutrophils in tumor-bearing animals utilize aerobic glycolysis, alike to cancer cells. Although pharmacological inhibition of aerobic glycolysis slows down tumor growth in C26 tumor-bearing mice, it precipitates cachexia, thereby shortening overall survival. This negative effect may be explained by our observation that acute depletion of neutrophils in pre-cachectic mice impairs systemic glucose homeostasis secondary to altered hepatic lipid processing. Thus, changes in neutrophil number, distribution and metabolism play an adaptive role in host metabolic homeostasis during cancer progression. Our findings provide insight into early events during cancer progression to cachexia, with implications for therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Petruzzelli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuijs, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perera, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raghunathan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vacca, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaude, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lukey, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jodrell, D. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frezza, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janowitz, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halim, T. Y. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venkitaraman, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.11.455851</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Early neutrophilia marked by aerobic glycolysis sustains host metabolism and delays cancer cachexia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.11.455936v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exon-Skipping Antisense Oligonucleotides for Cystic Fibrosis Therapy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.11.455936v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene cause cystic fibrosis (CF), and the CFTR-W1282X nonsense mutation causes a severe form of CF. Although Trikafta and other CFTR-modulation therapies benefit most CF patients, targeted therapy for patients with the W1282X mutation is lacking. The CFTR-W1282X protein has residual activity, but is expressed at a very low level due to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). NMD-suppression therapy and read-through therapy are actively being researched for CFTR nonsense mutants. NMD suppression could increase the mutant CFTR mRNA, and read-through therapies may increase the levels of full-length CFTR protein. However, these approaches have limitations and potential side effects: because the NMD machinery also regulates the expression of many normal mRNAs, broad inhibition of the pathway is not desirable; and read-through drugs are inefficient, partly because the mutant mRNA template is subject to NMD. To bypass these issues, we pursued an exon-skipping antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) strategy to achieve gene-specific NMD evasion. A cocktail of two splice-site-targeting ASOs induced the expression of CFTR mRNA without the PTC-containing exon 23 (CFTR-{Delta}ex23), which is an in-frame exon. Treatment of human bronchial epithelial cells with this cocktail of ASOs that target the splice sites flanking exon 23 results in efficient skipping of exon 23 and an increase in CFTR-{Delta}ex23 protein. The splice-switching ASO cocktail increases the CFTR-mediated chloride current in human bronchial epithelial cells. Our results set the stage for developing an allele-specific therapy for CF caused by the W1282X mutation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sivetz, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Layne, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voss, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krainer, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.11.455936</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exon-Skipping Antisense Oligonucleotides for Cystic Fibrosis Therapy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.12.456098v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Meta-Analytic Single-Cell Atlas of Mouse Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.12.456098v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The clinical importance of the hematopoietic system makes it one of the most heavily studied lineages in all of biology. A clear understanding of the cell types and functional programs during hematopoietic development is central to research in aging, cancer, and infectious diseases. Known cell types are traditionally identified by the expression of proteins on the surface of the cells. Stem and progenitor cells defined based on these markers are assigned functions based on their lineage potential. The rapid growth of single cell RNA sequencing technologies (scRNAseq) provides a new modality for evaluating the cellular and functional landscape of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. The popularity of this technology among hematopoiesis researchers enables us to conduct a robust meta-analysis of mouse bone marrow scRNAseq data. Using over 300,000 cells across 12 datasets, we evaluate the classification and function of cell types based on discrete clustering, in silico FACS sorting, and a continuous trajectory. We identify replicable signatures that define cell types based on genes and known cellular functions. Additionally, we evaluate the conservation of signatures associated with erythroid and monocyte lineage development across species using co-expression networks. The co-expression networks predict the effectiveness of the signature at identifying erythroid and monocyte cells in zebrafish and human scRNAseq data. Together, this analysis provides a robust reference, particularly marker genes and functional annotations, for future experiments in hematopoietic development.

Key PointsO_LIMeta-analysis of 9 mouse bone marrow scRNAseq identifies markers for cell types and hematopoietic development
C_LIO_LICharacterize a replicable functional landscape of cell types by exploiting co-expression
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Harris, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.12.456098</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Meta-Analytic Single-Cell Atlas of Mouse Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.16.456505v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The cytokine receptor Fn14 regulates neuronal transcription during development and brain function in the adult 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.16.456505v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cytokine signaling pathways that promote inflammation in peripheral tissues are repurposed to coordinate the refinement of synaptic connections in the developing brain. However, the downstream mechanisms through which these pathways mediate neural circuit maturation remain to be fully defined. Here, we demonstrate that Fn14, a cytokine receptor that promotes inflammation outside of the central nervous system, shapes the transcriptional profiles and chromatin landscapes of neurons in the developing brain. Single-nucleus RNA-sequencing revealed hundreds of misregulated genes in the thalamocortical neurons of the visual thalami of mice lacking either Fn14 or its microglial derived cytokine ligand TWEAK, including genes encoding proteins with critical roles in synaptic function, histone modification, and chromatin remodeling. Whole-genome analysis uncovered significant alterations in chromatin accessibility in the brains of mice lacking Fn14 or in wild-type mice following microglial depletion, and chromatin changes due to both manipulations were enriched near genes encoding regulators of synaptic function. Loss of microglia also led to the retention of excess synapses, suggesting that microglia may link modifications in neuronal chromatin to the functional refinement of neural circuits. Consistent with Fn14 shaping brain function beyond the visual system, Fn14 knockout mice displayed impairments in memory task proficiency as well as heightened sensitivity to pharmacologically induced seizures. Taken together, these results define a previously undescribed interaction between microglia, cytokine signaling, and the neuronal epigenome that is likely to contribute to neural circuit refinement and function in the brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ferro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vrudhula, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Auguste, Y. S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheadle, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.16.456505</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The cytokine receptor Fn14 regulates neuronal transcription during development and brain function in the adult]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.18.456840v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Excess dietary sugar impairs colonic epithelial regeneration in response to damage. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.18.456840v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The colonic epithelium requires continuous renewal by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) to restore the barrier after damage and proliferation of epithelial cells is modulated by dietary metabolites. We demonstrate that mice fed a high sugar diet failed to repair colonic barrier damage, resulting in increased intestinal pathology. Culturing ISCs in excess sugar limited murine and human colonoid development, indicating that dietary sugar can directly affect colonic epithelial proliferation. Similarly, in vivo lineage tracing experiments and transcriptomic analysis indicated that dietary sugar impeded the proliferative potential of ISCs. ISCs and their immediate daughter cells predominantly rely on mitochondrial respiration for energy; however, metabolic analysis of colonic crypts revealed that a high sugar diet primed the epithelium for glycolysis without a commensurate increase in aerobic respiration. Colonoids cultured in high-glucose conditions accumulated glycolytic metabolites but not TCA cycle intermediates, indicating that the two metabolic pathways may not be coupled in proliferating intestinal epithelium. Accordingly, biochemically inducing pyruvate flux through the TCA cycle by inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase rescued sugar-impaired colonoid development. Our results indicate that excess dietary sugar can directly inhibit epithelial proliferation in response to damage and may inform diets that better support the treatment of acute intestinal injury.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Burr, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eskiocak, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yueh, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menk, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costa, A. S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rittenhouse, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marshall, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiaranunt, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mullinax, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Overacre-Delgoffe, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, V. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poholek, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delgoffe, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beyaz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hand, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.18.456840</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Excess dietary sugar impairs colonic epithelial regeneration in response to damage.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.23.457339v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extreme purifying selection against point mutations in the human genome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.23.457339v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome sequencing of tens of thousands of humans has enabled the measurement of large selective effects for mutations to protein-coding genes. Here we describe a new method, called ExtRaINSIGHT, for measuring similar selective effects in noncoding as well as in coding regions of the human genome. ExtRaINSIGHT estimates the prevalance of strong purifying selection, or "ultraselection" ({lambda}s), as the fractional depletion of rare single-nucleotide variants in target genomic sites relative to matched sites that are putatively free from selection, after controlling for local variation and neighbor-dependence in mutation rate. We show using simulations that{lambda} s is closely related to the average site-specific selection coefficient against heterozygous point mutations, as predicted at mutation-selection balance. Applying ExtRaINSIGHT to 71,702 whole genome sequences from gnomAD v3, we find strong evidence of ultraselection in evolutionarily ancient miRNAs and neuronal protein-coding genes, as well as at splice sites. By contrast, we find weak evidence in other noncoding RNAs and transcription factor binding sites, and only modest evidence in ultraconserved elements and human accelerated regions. We estimate that ~0.3-0.5% of the human genome is ultraselected, implying ~0.3-0.4 lethal or nearly lethal de novo mutations per potential human zygote. Overall, our study sheds new light on the genome-wide distribution of fitness effects for new point mutations by combining deep new sequencing data sets and classical theory from population genetics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dukler, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mughal, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramani, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siepel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.23.457339</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extreme purifying selection against point mutations in the human genome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.23.457350v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Parity-induced changes to mammary epithelial cells control NKT cell expansion and mammary oncogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.23.457350v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pregnancy reprograms the epigenome of mammary epithelial cells (MECs) in a manner that control responses to pregnancy hormone re-exposure and the rate of carcinoma progression. However, the influence of pregnancy on the tissue microenvironment of the mammary gland is less clear. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to comparatively profile the composition of epithelial and non-epithelial cells in mammary tissue from nulliparous and parous female mice. Our analysis revealed an expansion of {gamma}{delta} Natural Killer T (NKT) immune cells following pregnancy, in association with upregulation of immune signal molecules in post-pregnancy MECs. We show that expansion of NKT cells following pregnancy is due to elevated expression of the antigen presenting molecule CD1d protein, which is known to induce NKT activation. Accordingly, loss of CD1d expression on post-pregnancy MECs, or overall lack of activated NKT cells, accompanied the development of mammary oncogenesis in response to cMYC overexpression and loss of Brca1 function. Collectively, our findings illustrate how pregnancy-induced epigenetic changes modulate the communication between MECs and the mammary immune microenvironment, and establish a causal link between pregnancy, the immune microenvironment, and mammary oncogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hanasoge Somasundara, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moss, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feigman, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cyrill, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ciccone, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trousdell, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vollbrecht, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kendall, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beyaz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilkinson, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dos Santos, C. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.23.457350</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Parity-induced changes to mammary epithelial cells control NKT cell expansion and mammary oncogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.18.456576v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BRCA mutational status shapes the stromal microenvironment of pancreatic cancer linking CLU+ CAF expression with HSF1 signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.18.456576v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) give rise to desmoplastic stroma, which supports tumor progression and metastasis, and comprises up to 90% of the tumor mass in pancreatic cancer. Recent work by us and others has shown that CAFs are transcriptionally rewired by adjacent cancer cells to form heterogeneous subtypes. Whether this rewiring is differentially affected by different driver mutations in cancer cells is largely unknown. Here we address this question by dissecting and comparing the stromal landscape of BRCA-mutated and BRCA Wild-type (WT) pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We comprehensively analyze PDAC samples from a cohort of 42 patients by laser-capture microdissection, RNA-sequencing and multiplexed immunofluorescence, revealing different CAF subtype compositions in germline BRCA-mutated vs. BRCA-WT tumors. In particular, we detect an increase in a subset of Clusterin (CLU)-positive CAFs in BRCA-mutated tumors. We further unravel a network of stress responses upregulated in BRCA-mutated tumors. Using cancer organoids and cell co-cultures, we show that the transcriptional shift of pancreatic stellate cells into CLU+ CAFs is mediated through activation of heat-shock factor 1 (HSF1), the transcriptional regulator of Clu. Our findings unravel a new dimension of stromal heterogeneity, influenced by germline mutations in cancer cells, with direct translational implications for clinical research.

SignificanceBRCA1/2 mutations initiate some of the deadliest cancers, yet the fibroblastic microenvironment of BRCA-mutated cancers remains uncharted. Our work addresses a major unsolved question - to what extent is the tumor microenvironment determined by cancer mutations? We find that BRCA mutations in the cancer cells affect the composition of CAFs in PDAC. These findings have direct implications for diagnosis and for efforts to exploit CAFs for therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shaashua, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pevsner-Fischer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedman, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levi-Galibov, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nandakumar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nevo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bojmar, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jarnagin, W. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lecomte, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stok, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bishara, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamodi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levy-Lahad, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porco, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iacobuzio-Donahue, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schultz, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyden, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuveson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelsen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scherz-Shouval, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.18.456576</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BRCA mutational status shapes the stromal microenvironment of pancreatic cancer linking CLU+ CAF expression with HSF1 signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.29.450247v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FoxA1 and FoxA2 regulate growth and cellular identity in NKX2-1-positive lung adenocarcinoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.29.450247v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Changes in cellular identity (also known as histologic transformation or lineage plasticity) can drive malignant progression and resistance to therapy in multiple types of cancer, including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). The lineage specifying transcription factors FoxA1 and FoxA2 (FoxA1/2) regulate identity in NKX2-1/TTF1-negative LUAD. However, their role in NKX2-1-positive LUAD has not been systematically investigated. We find that Foxa1/2 knockout severely impairs tumorigenesis in KRAS-driven genetically engineered mouse models and human cell lines. Foxa1/2 deletion leads to the collapse of a dual identity state, marked by co-expression of pulmonary and gastrointestinal transcriptional programs, which has been implicated in LUAD progression. Mechanistically, loss of FoxA1/2 leads to aberrant NKX2-1 activity and genomic localization, which inhibits tumorigenesis and drives alternative cellular identity programs associated with non-proliferative states. This work demonstrates that FoxA1/2 expression is a novel lineage-specific vulnerability in NKX2-1-positive LUAD and identifies mechanisms of response and resistance to targeting FoxA1/2 in this disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Orstad, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lohman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillis, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snyder, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.29.450247</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FoxA1 and FoxA2 regulate growth and cellular identity in NKX2-1-positive lung adenocarcinoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.02.458776v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Contiguously-hydrophobic sequences are functionally significant throughout the human exome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.02.458776v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hydrophobic interactions have long been established as essential to stabilizing structured proteins as well as drivers of aggregation, but the impact of hydrophobicity on the functional significance of sequence variants has rarely been considered in a genome-wide context. Here we test the role of hydrophobicity on functional impact using a set of 70,000 disease and non-disease associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), using enrichment of disease-association as an indicator of functionality. We find that functional impact is uncorrelated with hydrophobicity of the SNP itself, and only weakly correlated with the average local hydrophobicity, but is strongly correlated with both the size and minimum hydrophobicity of the contiguous hydrophobic domain that contains the SNP. Disease-association is found to vary by more than 6-fold as a function of contiguous hydrophobicity parameters, suggesting utility as a prior for identifying causal variation. We further find signatures of differential selective constraint on domain hydrophobicity, and that SNPs splitting a long hydrophobic region or joining two short regions of contiguous hydrophobicity are particularly likely to be disease-associated. Trends are preserved for both aggregating and non-aggregating proteins, indicating that the role of contiguous hydrophobicity extends well beyond aggregation risk.

Statement of SignificanceProteins rely on the hydrophobic effect to maintain structure and interactions with the environment. Surprisingly, no signs that amino acid hydrophobicity influences natural selection have been detected using modern genetic data. This may be because analyses that treat each amino acid separately do not reveal significant results, which we confirm here. However, because the hydrophobic effect becomes more powerful as more hydrophobic molecules are introduced, we tested whether unbroken stretches of hydrophobic amino acids are under selection. Using genetic variant data from across the human genome, we found evidence that selection pressure increases continually with the length of the unbroken hydrophobic sequence. These results could lead to improvements in a wide range of genomic tools as well as insights into disease and protein evolutionary history.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lohia, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brannigan, G. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.02.458776</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Contiguously-hydrophobic sequences are functionally significant throughout the human exome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.03.458825v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Defining the extent of gene function using ROC curvature 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.03.458825v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Machine learning in genomics plays a key role in leveraging high-throughput data, but assessing the generalizability of performance has been a persistent challenge. Here, we propose to evaluate the generalizability of gene characterizations through the shape of performance curves. We identify Functional Equivalence Classes (FECs), uniform subsets of annotated and unannotated genes that jointly drive performance, by assessing the presence of straight lines in ROC curves. FECs are widespread across modalities and methods, and can be used to evaluate the extent and context-specificity of functional annotations in a data-driven manner. For example, FECs suggest that B cell markers can be decomposed into shared primary markers (10 to 50 genes), and tissue-specific secondary markers (100 to 500{square}genes). In addition, FECs are compatible with a wide range of functional encodings, with marker sets spanning at most 5% of the genome and data-driven extensions of Gene Ontology sets spanning up to 40% of the genome. Simple to assess visually and statistically, the identification of FECs in performance curves paves the way for novel functional characterization and increased robustness in analysis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fischer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.03.458825</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Defining the extent of gene function using ROC curvature]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.03.458935v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Recruitment of an ancient branching program to suppress carpel development in maize flowers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.03.458935v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Floral morphology is immensely diverse. One developmental process acting to shape this diversity is growth suppression. For example, grass flowers exhibit extreme diversity in floral sexuality, arising through differential suppression of stamens or carpels. In maize, carpels undergo programmed cell death in half of the flowers initiated in ears and in all flowers in tassels. The HD-ZIP I transcription factor gene GRASSY TILLERS1 (GT1) is one of only a few genes known to regulate this process. To identify additional regulators of carpel suppression, we performed a gt1 enhancer screen, and found a genetic interaction between gt1 and ramosa3 (ra3). RA3 is a classic inflorescence meristem determinacy gene that encodes a trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) phosphatase (TPP). Dissection of floral development revealed that ra3 single mutants have partially derepressed carpels, whereas gt1; ra3 double mutants have completely derepressed carpels. Surprisingly, gt1 suppresses ra3 inflorescence branching, revealing a role for gt1 in meristem determinacy. Supporting these genetic interactions, GT1 and RA3 proteins colocalize to carpel nuclei in developing flowers. Global expression profiling revealed common genes misregulated in single and double mutant flowers, as well as in derepressed gt1 axillary meristems. Indeed, we found that ra3 enhances gt1 vegetative branching, similar to the roles for the trehalose pathway and GT1 homologs in the eudicots. This functional conservation over ~160 million years of evolution reveals ancient roles for GT1-like genes and the trehalose pathway in regulating axillary meristem suppression, later recruited to mediate carpel suppression. Our findings expose hidden pleiotropy of classic maize genes, and show how an ancient developmental program was redeployed to sculpt floral form.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Klein, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallagher, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demesa-Arevalo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abraham-Juarez, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heeney, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feil, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lunn, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuck, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whipple, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartlett, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.03.458935</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Recruitment of an ancient branching program to suppress carpel development in maize flowers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.06.459120v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
tascCODA: Bayesian tree-aggregated analysis of compositional amplicon and single-cell data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.06.459120v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurate generative statistical modeling of count data is of critical relevance for the analysis of biological datasets from high-throughput sequencing technologies. Important instances include the modeling of microbiome compositions from amplicon sequencing surveys and the analysis of cell type compositions derived from single-cell RNA sequencing. Microbial and cell type abundance data share remarkably similar statistical features, including their inherent compositionality and a natural hierarchical ordering of the individual components from taxonomic or cell lineage tree information, respectively. To this end, we introduce a Bayesian model for tree-aggregated amplicon and single-cell compositional data analysis (tascCODA) that seamlessly integrates hierarchical information and experimental covariate data into the generative modeling of compositional count data. By combining latent parameters based on the tree structure with spike-and-slab Lasso penalization, tascCODA can determine covariate effects across different levels of the population hierarchy in a data-driven parsimonious way. In the context of differential abundance testing, we validate tascCODAs excellent performance on a comprehensive set of synthetic benchmark scenarios. Our analyses on human single-cell RNA-seq data from ulcerative colitis patients and amplicon data from patients with irritable bowel syndrome, respectively, identified aggregated cell type and taxon compositional changes that were more predictive and parsimonious than those proposed by other schemes. We posit that tascCODA1 constitutes a valuable addition to the growing statistical toolbox for generative modeling and analysis of compositional changes in microbial or cell population data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ostner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carcy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Müller, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.06.459120</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[tascCODA: Bayesian tree-aggregated analysis of compositional amplicon and single-cell data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.13.460075v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cross-tissue analysis of allelic X-chromosome inactivation ratios resolves features of human development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.13.460075v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) is a random, permanent, and developmentally early epigenetic event that occurs during mammalian embryogenesis. We harness these features of XCI to investigate characteristics of early lineage specification events during human development. We initially assess the consistency of X-inactivation and establish a robust set of XCI-escape genes. By analyzing variance in XCI ratios across tissues and individuals, we find that XCI is completed prior to tissue specification and at a time when 6-16 cells are fated for all tissue lineages. Additionally, we exploit tissue specific variability to characterize the number of cells present at the time of each tissues lineage commitment, ranging from approximately 20 cells in liver and whole blood tissues to 80 cells in brain tissues. By investigating variance of XCI ratios using adult tissue, we resolve key features of human development otherwise difficult to ascertain experimentally and develop scalable methods easily applicable to future data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Werner, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ballouz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hover, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.13.460075</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cross-tissue analysis of allelic X-chromosome inactivation ratios resolves features of human development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.17.460635v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nitrogen partitioning between branched-chain amino acids and urea cycle enzymes sustains renal cancer progression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.17.460635v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metabolic reprogramming is critical for tumor initiation and progression. However, the exact impact of specific metabolic changes on cancer progression is poorly understood. Here, we combined multi-omics datasets of primary and metastatic clonally related clear cell renal cancer cells (ccRCC) and generated a computational tool to explore the metabolic landscape during cancer progression. We show that a VHL loss-dependent reprogramming of branched-chain amino acid catabolism is required to maintain the aspartate pool in cancer cells across all tumor stages. We also provide evidence that metastatic renal cancer cells reactivate argininosuccinate synthase (ASS1), a urea cycle enzyme suppressed in primary ccRCC, to enable invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo. Overall, our study provides the first comprehensive elucidation of the molecular mechanisms responsible for metabolic flexibility in ccRCC, paving the way to the development of therapeutic strategies based on the specific metabolism that characterizes each tumor stage.

HighlightsO_LIBranched-chain amino acids catabolism is reprogrammed in ccRCC tumors
C_LIO_LIBCAT-dependent transamination supplies nitrogen for de novo biosynthesis of amino acids including aspartate and asparagine in ccRCC
C_LIO_LIAspartate produced downstream of BCAT is used specifically by metastatic cells through argininosuccinate synthase (ASS1) and argininosuccinate lyase (ASL) to generate arginine, providing a survival advantage in the presence of microenvironments with rate limiting levels of arginine
C_LIO_LIASS1 is re-expressed in metastatic 786-M1A through epigenetic remodeling and it is sensitive to arginine levels
C_LIO_LISilencing of ASS1 impairs the metastatic potential in vitro and in vivo of ccRCC cells
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sciacovelli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dugourd, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valcarcel Jimenez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nikitopoulou, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costa, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tronci, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caraffini, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodrigues, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryan, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zecchini, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rossi, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Massie, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lohoff, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masid, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatzimanikatis, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuppe, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Von Kriegsheim, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kramann, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gnanapragasam, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warren, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanharanta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saez-Rodriguez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frezza, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.17.460635</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nitrogen partitioning between branched-chain amino acids and urea cycle enzymes sustains renal cancer progression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.24.461646v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Towards a combined therapy for spinal muscular atrophy based on opposing effects of an antisense oligonucleotide on chromatin and splicing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.24.461646v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a motor-neuron disease caused by loss-of-function mutations of the SMN1 gene. Humans have a paralog, SMN2, whose exon 7 is predominantly skipped, and so it cannot fully compensate for the lack of SMN1. Nusinersen (Spinraza) is a splicing-correcting antisense oligonucleotide drug (ASO) approved for clinical use. Nusinersen targets a splicing silencer located in SMN2 intron 7 pre-mRNA and, by blocking the binding of the splicing repressors hnRNPA1 and A2, it promotes higher E7 inclusion, increasing SMN protein levels. We show here that, by promoting transcriptional elongation, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors cooperate with a nusinersen-like ASO to upregulate E7 inclusion. Surprisingly, the ASO also elicits the deployment of the silencing histone mark H3K9me2 on the SMN2 gene, creating a roadblock to RNA polymerase II elongation that acts negatively on E7 inclusion. By removing the roadblock, HDAC inhibition counteracts the undesired chromatin effects of the ASO, resulting in higher E7 inclusion. Combined systemic administration of the nusinersen-like ASO and HDAC inhibitors in neonate SMA mice had strong synergistic effects on SMN expression, growth, survival, and neuromuscular function. Thus, we suggest that HDAC inhibitors have the potential to increase the clinical efficacy of nusinersen, and perhaps other splicing-modulatory ASO drugs, without large pleiotropic effects, as assessed by genome-wide analyses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marasco, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dujardin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sousa-Luis, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsiu Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stigliano, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nomakuchi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Proudfoot, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krainer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kornblihtt, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.24.461646</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Towards a combined therapy for spinal muscular atrophy based on opposing effects of an antisense oligonucleotide on chromatin and splicing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.27.461599v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pyramidal cell types drive functionally distinct cortical activity patterns during decision-making 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.27.461599v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding how cortical circuits generate complex behavior requires investigating the cell types that comprise them. Functional differences across pyramidal neuron (PyN) types have been observed within cortical areas, but it is not known whether these local differences extend throughout the cortex, nor whether additional differences emerge when larger-scale dynamics are considered. We used genetic and retrograde labeling to target pyramidal tract (PT), intratelencephalic (IT) and corticostriatal projection neurons and measured their cortex-wide activity. Each PyN type drove unique neural dynamics, both at the local and cortex-wide scale. Cortical activity and optogenetic inactivation during an auditory decision task also revealed distinct functional roles: all PyNs in parietal cortex were recruited during perception of the auditory stimulus, but, surprisingly, PT neurons had the largest causal role. In frontal cortex, all PyNs were required for accurate choices but showed distinct choice-tuning. Our results reveal that rich, cell-type-specific cortical dynamics shape perceptual decisions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Musall, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gluf, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Churchland, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.27.461599</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pyramidal cell types drive functionally distinct cortical activity patterns during decision-making]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.13.464210v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Loss of KRASG12D feedback regulation involving splicing factor SRSF1 accelerates pancreatic cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.13.464210v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The gene encoding KRAS GTPase is recurrently mutated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), triggering the formation of precursor lesions, i.e., acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN). However, the majority of pancreatic cells from KC (LSL-KrasG12D/+; Pdx-1-Cre) mice expressing the KrasG12D mutation remain morphologically normal for a long time, suggesting the existence of compensatory feedback mechanisms that buffer aberrant KrasG12D signaling, and that additional steps are required for disrupting cell homeostasis and promoting transformation. Here we report a feedback mechanism in which the ubiquitously expressed splicing factor SRSF1--which is associated with cell transformation in multiple cell types--is downregulated in the majority of morphologically normal pancreas cells with the KrasG12D mutation. Conversely, increasing SRSF1 expression disrupts cell homeostasis by activating MAPK signaling, in part by regulating alternative splicing and mRNA stability of interleukin 1 receptor type 1 (Il1r1). This disruption in homeostasis in turn accelerates KrasG12D-mediated PDAC initiation and progression. Our results demonstrate the involvement of SRSF1 in the pancreatic-cell homeostatic response against the KrasG12D mutation, dysregulation of which facilitates PDAC initiation.

One-Sentence SummarySplicing factor SRSF1 is involved in KRASG12D feedback regulation and pancreatic-cancer tumorigenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, K.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahman, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensen, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuveson, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krainer, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.13.464210</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Loss of KRASG12D feedback regulation involving splicing factor SRSF1 accelerates pancreatic cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.23.465204v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
End-to-end learning of multiple sequence alignments with differentiable Smith-Waterman 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.23.465204v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multiple Sequence Alignments (MSAs) of homologous sequences contain information on structural and functional constraints and their evolutionary histories. Despite their importance for many downstream tasks, such as structure prediction, MSA generation is often treated as a separate pre-processing step, without any guidance from the application it will be used for. Here, we implement a smooth and differentiable version of the Smith-Waterman pairwise alignment algorithm that enables jointly learning an MSA and a downstream machine learning system in an end-to-end fashion. To demonstrate its utility, we introduce SMURF (Smooth Markov Unaligned Random Field), a new method that jointly learns an alignment and the parameters of a Markov Random Field for unsupervised contact prediction. We find that SMURF learns MSAs that mildly improve contact prediction on a diverse set of protein and RNA families. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate that by connecting our differentiable alignment module to AlphaFold and maximizing predicted confidence, we can learn MSAs that improve structure predictions over the initial MSAs. Interestingly, the alignments that improve AlphaFold predictions are self-inconsistent and can be viewed as adversarial. This work highlights the potential of differentiable dynamic programming to improve neural network pipelines that rely on an alignment and the potential dangers of relying on black-box methods for optimizing predictions of protein sequences.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Petti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharya, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dauparas, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rush, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koo, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ovchinnikov, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.23.465204</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[End-to-end learning of multiple sequence alignments with differentiable Smith-Waterman]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.27.466073v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Balancing memory fidelity and representational stability in the female mouse accessory olfactory bulb 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.27.466073v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sensory systems must balance the value of efficient coding schemes against the need to update specific memorized representations without perturbing other memories. Here we describe a unique solution to this challenge that is implemented by the vomeronasal system (VNS) to encode and remember multiple conspecific individuals as part of the Bruce Effect (BE). In the BE, exposure of a pregnant female mouse to the odors of an unfamiliar male leads to failure of the pregnancy ( pregnancy block) via the VNS. Following mating and sensory exposure, however, the female becomes protected from a pregnancy block by the stud individual. While this form of natural learning has been proposed to depend on changes in the representation of his odors in her accessory olfactory bulb (AOB), a key VNS structure, there are no direct comparisons of in vivo sensory responses before and after imprinting. It has further been suggested that these changes simply render the AOB insensitive to stud odors. However, the combinatorial odor code used by the AOB and the significant overlap in the odor composition of different males means that silencing responses to one individual is likely to degrade responses to others, posing potential problems for more general sensory encoding. To identify the neuronal correlates of learning in the context of the BE, we recorded extracellular responses of AOB neurons in vivo in mated and unmated female mice upon controlled presentation of urinary chemosignals, including urine from both the stud and males of a distinct strain. We find that while initial sensory responses in the AOB (within a timescale required to guide social interactions) remain stable, responses to extended stimulation (as required for eliciting the pregnancy block) display selective attenuation of stud-responsive neurons. Based on our results, we propose a model that reconciles the formation of strong, selective memories with the need to sustain robust representational bandwidth by noting a distinction between the representations of brief and extended stimuli. This temporal disassociation allows attenuation of slow-acting endocrine processes in a stimulus-specific manner, without compromising consistent ongoing representations of stimuli that guide behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yoles-Frenkel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shea, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davison, I. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben-Shaul, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.27.466073</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Balancing memory fidelity and representational stability in the female mouse accessory olfactory bulb]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.08.467778v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Prostate tumor-induced stromal reprogramming generates Tenascin C that promotes prostate cancer metastasis through YAP/TAZ inhibition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.08.467778v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) in bone induces bone-forming lesions that enhance PCa progression. How tumor-induced bone formation enhances PCa progression is not known. We have previously shown that PCa-induced bone originates from endothelial cells (EC) that have undergone endothelial-to-osteoblast (EC-to-OSB) transition by tumor-secreted BMP4. Here, we show that EC-to-OSB transition leads to changes in the tumor microenvironment that increases the metastatic potential of PCa cells. We found that conditioned medium (CM) from EC-OSB hybrid cells increases the migration, invasion and survival of PC3-mm2 and C4-2B4 PCa cells. Quantitative mass spectrometry (iTRAQ) identified Tenascin C (TNC) as one of the major proteins secreted from EC-OSB hybrid cells. TNC expression in tumor-induced osteoblasts was confirmed by immunohistochemistry of MDA-PCa118b xenograft and human bone metastasis specimens. Mechanistically, BMP4 increases TNC expression in EC-OSB cells through the Smad1-Notch/Hey1 pathway. How TNC promotes PCa metastasis was next interrogated by in vitro and in vivo studies. In vitro studies showed that a TNC neutralizing antibody inhibits EC-OSB-CM-mediated PCa cell migration and survival. TNC knockdown decreased, while addition of recombinant TNC or TNC overexpression increased migration and anchorage-independent growth of PC3 or C4-2b cells. When injected orthotopically, PC3-mm2-shTNC clones decreased metastasis to bone, while C4-2b-TNC overexpressing cells increased metastasis to lymph nodes. TNC enhances PCa cell migration through 5{beta}1 integrin-mediated YAP/TAZ inhibition. These studies elucidate that tumor-induced stromal reprogramming generates TNC that enhances PCa metastasis and suggest that TNC may be a target for PCa therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivera, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappin, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Logothetis, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panaretakis, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu-Lee, L.-y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.08.467778</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Prostate tumor-induced stromal reprogramming generates Tenascin C that promotes prostate cancer metastasis through YAP/TAZ inhibition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.11.468140v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PTP1B is an intracellular checkpoint that limits T cell and CAR T cell anti-tumor immunity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.11.468140v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Immunotherapies aimed at alleviating the inhibitory constraints on T cells have revolutionised cancer management. To date, these have focused on the blockade of cell surface checkpoints such as PD-1. Herein we identify protein-tyrosine-phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) as an intracellular checkpoint that is upregulated in T cells in tumors. We show that the increased PTP1B limits T cell expansion and cytotoxicity to contribute to tumor growth. T cell-specific PTP1B deletion increased STAT-5 signaling and this enhanced the antigen-induced expansion and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells to suppress tumor growth. The pharmacological inhibition of PTP1B recapitulated the T cell-mediated repression of tumor growth and enhanced the response to PD-1 blockade. Furthermore, the deletion or inhibition of PTP1B enhanced the efficacy of adoptively-transferred chimeric-antigen-receptor (CAR) T cells against solid tumors. Our findings identify PTP1B as an intracellular checkpoint whose inhibition can alleviate the inhibitory constraints on T cells and CAR T cells to combat cancer.

STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCETumors subvert anti-tumor immunity by engaging checkpoints that promote T-cell exhaustion. Here we identify PTP1B as an intracellular checkpoint and therapeutic target. We show that PTP1B is upregulated in intra-tumoral T-cells and that its deletion or inhibition enhances T-cell anti-tumor activity and increases CAR T-cell effectiveness against solid tumors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wiede, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zessig, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goh, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xirouchaki, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hogarth, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greatorex, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sek, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daly, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beavis, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darcy, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tonks, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiganis, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.11.468140</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PTP1B is an intracellular checkpoint that limits T cell and CAR T cell anti-tumor immunity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.18.469135v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Automated assembly scaffolding elevates a new tomato system for high-throughput genome editing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.18.469135v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Advancing crop genomics requires efficient genetic systems enabled by high-quality personalized genome assemblies. Here, we introduce RagTag, a toolset for automating assembly scaffolding and patching, and we establish chromosome-scale reference genomes for the widely used tomato genotype M82 along with Sweet-100, a rapid-cycling genotype that we developed to accelerate functional genomics and genome editing. This work outlines strategies to rapidly expand genetic systems and genomic resources in other plant species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alonge, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lebeigle, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirsche, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aganezov, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lippman, Z. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schatz, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soyk, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.18.469135</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Automated assembly scaffolding elevates a new tomato system for high-throughput genome editing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.24.469905v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Particle-associated and free-living microbial assemblages are distinct in a permanently redox-stratified freshwater lake 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.24.469905v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbial assemblages associated with biogenic particles are phylogenetically distinct from free-living counterparts, yet biogeochemically coupled. Compositions may vary with organic carbon and inorganic substrate availability and with redox conditions, which determine reductant and oxidant availability. To explore microbial assemblage compositional responses to steep oxygen and redox gradients and seasonal variability in particle and substrate availability, we analyzed taxonomic compositions of particle-associated (PA) and free-living (FL) bacteria and archaea in permanently redox-stratified Fayetteville Green Lake. PA and FL assemblages (> 2.7 {micro}m and 0.2 - 2.7 {micro}m) were surveyed at the peak (July) and end (October) of concurrent cyanobacteria, purple and green sulfur bacteria blooms that result in substantial vertical fluxes of particulate organic carbon. Assemblage compositions varied significantly among redox conditions and size fractions (PA or FL). Temporal differences were only apparent among samples from the mixolimnion and oxycline, coinciding with seasonal hydrographic changes. PA assemblages of the mixolimnion and oxycline shifted from aerobic heterotrophs in July to fermenters, iron-reducers, and denitrifiers in October, likely reflecting seasonal variability in photoautotroph biomass and inorganic nitrogen. Within a light-scattering layer spanning the lower oxycline and upper monimolimnion, photoautotrophs were more abundant in July than in October, when Desulfocapsa, a sulfate-reducing and sulfur-disproportionating bacterium, and Chlorophyte chloroplasts were abundant in PA assemblages. In this layer, microbial activity and cell concentrations were also highest. Below, the most abundant resident taxa were sulfate-reducing bacteria and anaerobic respirers. Results suggest PA and FL assemblage niche partitioning interconnects multiple elemental cycles that involve particulate and dissolved phases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cohen, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klepac-Ceraj, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weber, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garber, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christensen, L. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cram, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCormick, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.24.469905</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Particle-associated and free-living microbial assemblages are distinct in a permanently redox-stratified freshwater lake]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.29.470152v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Asking the Wrong Questions About American Science Education: Insights from a Longitudinal Study of High School Biotechnology Lab Instruction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.29.470152v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The discussion of American science education is often framed by the questions: Why do American precollege students do poorly on international science assessments and what we are doing wrong? Rather we need to ask: Why do so many international students come to US universities for science, what are we doing right in science, and how do we stay ahead in science education? Poor scores on international assessments belie the fact that the U.S. has the best science education system in the world. Our study of 6,200 high school teachers in 1998 and 2018 documented striking success in retooling classrooms for labbased instruction in biotechnology and provided a pre-COVID-19 snapshot of what is right with American biology education. However, it also highlights the need revitalize our precollege teaching resource with a renewed National Science Foundation commitment to in-service training.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Micklos, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barone, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.29.470152</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Asking the Wrong Questions About American Science Education: Insights from a Longitudinal Study of High School Biotechnology Lab Instruction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.30.470623v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A shape-shifting nuclease unravels structured RNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.30.470623v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNA turnover pathways ensure appropriate gene expression levels by eliminating unwanted transcripts that may otherwise interfere with cellular programs. The enzyme Dis3-like protein 2 (Dis3L2) is a 3-5 exoribonuclease that, through its RNA turnover activity, plays a critical role in human development1. Dis3L2 can independently degrade structured substrates and its targets include many coding and non-coding 3-uridylated RNAs1-5. While the basis for Dis3L2s substrate recognition has been well-characterized6, the mechanism of structured RNA degradation by this family of enzymes is unknown. We characterized the discrete steps of the degradation cycle by determining electron cryo-microscopy structures representing snapshots along the RNA turnover pathway and measuring kinetic parameters for single-stranded (ss) and double-stranded (ds) RNA processing. We discovered a dramatic conformational change that is triggered by the dsRNA, involving repositioning of two cold shock domains by 70 [A]. This movement exposes a trihelix-linker region, which acts as a wedge to separate the two RNA strands. Furthermore, we show that the trihelix linker is critical for dsRNA, but not ssRNA, degradation. These findings reveal the conformational plasticity of this enzyme, and detail a novel mechanism of structured RNA degradation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Meze, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Axhemi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doymaz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshua-Tor, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.30.470623</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A shape-shifting nuclease unravels structured RNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.09.471828v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Accurate measurement of microsatellite length by disrupting its tandem repeat structure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.09.471828v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Replication of tandem repeats of simple sequence motifs, also known as microsatellites, is error prone and variable lengths frequently occur during population expansions. Therefore, microsatellite length variations could serve as markers for cancer. However, accurate error-free quantitation of microsatellite lengths is difficult with current methods because of a high error rate during amplification and sequencing. We have solved this problem by using partial mutagenesis to disrupt enough of the repeat structure so that it can replicate faithfully, yet not so much that the flanking regions cannot be reliably identified. In this work we use bisulfite mutagenesis to convert a C to a U, later read as T. Compared to untreated templates, we achieve three orders of magnitude reduction in the error rate per round of replication. By requiring two independent first copies of an initial template, we reach error rates below one in a million. We discuss potential clinical applications of this method.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Levy, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moffitt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wigler, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.09.471828</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Accurate measurement of microsatellite length by disrupting its tandem repeat structure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.14.472559v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Prefrontal top-down projections control context-dependent strategy selection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.14.472559v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The rules governing behavior often vary with behavioral contexts. As a consequence, an action rewarded in one context may be discouraged in another. Animals and humans are capable of switching between behavioral strategies under different contexts and acting adaptively according to the variable rules, a flexibility that is thought to be mediated by the prefrontal cortex (PFC)1-4. However, how the PFC orchestrates context-dependent switch of strategies remains unclear. Here we show that pathway-specific projection neurons in the medial PFC (mPFC) differentially contribute to context-instructed strategy selection. In a decision-making task in which mice have been trained to flexibly switch between a previously established rule and a newly learned rule in a context-dependent manner, the activity of mPFC neurons projecting to the dorsomedial striatum encodes the contexts, and further represents decision strategies conforming to the old and new rules. Moreover, the activity of these neuron is required for context-instructed strategy selection. In contrast, the activity of mPFC neurons projecting to the ventral midline thalamus does not discriminate between the contexts, and represents the old rule even if mice have adopted the new one; furthermore, these neurons act to prevent the strategy switch under the new rule. Our results suggest that the mPFC[-&gt;]striatum pathway promotes flexible strategy selection guided by contexts, whereas the mPFC[-&gt;]thalamus pathway favors fixed strategy selection by preserving old rules. Balanced activity between the two pathways may be critical for adaptive behaviors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gschwend, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van de Lisdonk, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.14.472559</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Prefrontal top-down projections control context-dependent strategy selection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.30.474537v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cortical glutamatergic projection neuron types contribute to distinct functional subnetworks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.30.474537v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cellular basis of cerebral cortex functional architecture remains not well understood. A major challenge is to monitor and decipher neural network dynamics across broad cortical areas yet with projection neuron (PN)-type resolution in real time during behavior. Combining genetic targeting and wide-field imaging, we monitored activity dynamics of subcortical-projecting (PTFezf2) and intratelencephalic-projecting (ITPlxnD1) types across dorsal cortex of mice during different brain states and behaviors. ITPlxnD1 and PTFezf2 neurons showed distinct activation patterns during wakeful resting, spontaneous movements, and upon sensory stimulation. Distinct ITPlxnD1 and PTFezf2 subnetworks were dynamically tuned to different sensorimotor components of a naturalistic feeding behavior, and optogenetic inhibition of ITsPlxnD1 and PTsFezf2 in subnetwork nodes disrupted distinct components of this behavior. Lastly, ITPlxnD1 and PTFezf2 projection patterns are consistent with their subnetwork activation patterns. Our results show that, in addition to the concept of columnar organization, dynamic areal and PN type-specific subnetworks are a key feature of cortical functional architecture linking microcircuit components with global brain networks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mohan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kondo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Musall, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitra, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, J. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.30.474537</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cortical glutamatergic projection neuron types contribute to distinct functional subnetworks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.31.472823v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Loss of p53 tumor suppression function drives invasion and genomic instability in models of murine pancreatic cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.31.472823v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a deadly disease with few treatment options. There is an urgent need to better understand the molecular mechanisms that drive disease progression, with the ultimate aim of identifying early detection markers and clinically actionable targets. To investigate the transcriptional and morphological changes associated with pancreatic cancer progression, we analyzed the KrasLSLG12D/+; Trp53LSLR172H/+; Pdx1-Cre (KPC) mouse model. We have identified an intermediate cellular event during pancreatic carcinogenesis in the KPC mouse model of PDA that is represented by a subpopulation of tumor cells that express KrasG12D, p53R172H and one allele of wild-type Trp53. In vivo, these cells represent a histological spectrum of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) and rarely proliferate. Following loss of wild-type p53, these precursor lesions undergo malignant de-differentiation and acquire invasive features. We have established matched organoid cultures of pre-invasive and invasive cells from murine PDA. Expression profiling of the organoids led to the identification of markers of the pre-invasive cancer cells in vivo and mechanisms of disease aggressiveness.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tonelli, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deschenes, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuveson, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.31.472823</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Loss of p53 tumor suppression function drives invasion and genomic instability in models of murine pancreatic cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.03.474791v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic evolution of small signaling peptide compensation in plant stem cell control 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.03.474791v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene duplications are a hallmark of plant genome evolution and a foundation for genetic interactions that shape phenotypic diversity1-5. Compensation is a major form of paralog interaction6-8, but how compensation relationships change as allelic variation accumulates is unknown. Here, we leveraged genomics and genome editing across the Solanaceae family to capture the evolution of compensating paralogs. Mutations in the stem cell regulator CLV3 cause floral organs to overproliferate in many plants9-11. In tomato, this phenotype is partially suppressed by transcriptional upregulation of a closely related paralog12. Tobacco lost this paralog, resulting in no compensation and extreme clv3 phenotypes. Strikingly, the paralogs of petunia and groundcherry nearly completely suppress clv3, indicating a potent ancestral state of compensation. Cross-species transgenic complementation analyses show this potent compensation partially degenerated in tomato due to a single amino acid change in the paralog and cis-regulatory variation that limits its transcriptional upregulation. Our findings show how genetic interactions are remodeled following duplications, and suggest that dynamic paralog evolution is widespread over short time scales and impacts phenotypic variation from natural and engineered mutations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kwon, C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gentile, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hendelman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robitaille, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Eck, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lippman, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.03.474791</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic evolution of small signaling peptide compensation in plant stem cell control]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.06.475261v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Target binding triggers hierarchical phosphorylation of human Argonaute-2 to promote target release 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.06.475261v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Argonaute (Ago) proteins play a central role in post-transcriptional gene regulation through RNA interference (RNAi). Agos bind small RNAs (sRNAs) including small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) to form the functional core of the RNA Induced Silencing Complex (RISC). The sRNA is used as a guide to target mRNAs containing either partially or fully complementary sequences, ultimately leading to down regulation of the corresponding proteins. It was previously shown that the kinase CK1 phosphorylates a cluster of residues in the eukaryotic insertion (EI) of Ago, leading to the alleviation of miRNA-mediated repression through an undetermined mechanism. We show that binding of miRNA-loaded human Ago2 to target RNA with complementarity to the seed and 3 supplemental regions of the miRNA primes the EI for hierarchical phosphorylation by CK1. The added negative charges electrostatically promote target release, freeing Ago to seek out additional targets once it is dephosphorylated. The high conservation of potential phosphosites in the EI suggests that such a regulatory strategy may be a shared mechanism for regulating miRNA-mediated repression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bibel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elkayam, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silletti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Komives, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshua-Tor, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.06.475261</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Target binding triggers hierarchical phosphorylation of human Argonaute-2 to promote target release]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.17.476649v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systematic histone H4 replacement in Arabidopsis thaliana reveals a role for H4R17 in regulating flowering time 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.17.476649v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite the broad array of roles for epigenetic mechanisms on regulating diverse processes in eukaryotes, no experimental system for the direct assessment of histone function is currently available in plants. In this work, we present the development of a genetic strategy in Arabidopsis thaliana in which modified H4 transgenes can completely replace the expression of endogenous histone H4. Using this strategy, we established a collection of plants expressing different H4 point mutants targeting residues that may be post-translationally modified in vivo. To demonstrate the utility of this new H4 mutant collection, we screened it to uncover substitutions in H4 that alter flowering time. We identified different mutations in the tail (H4R17A) and the globular domain (H4R36A, H4R39K, H4R39A, and H4K44A) of H4 that strongly accelerate the floral transition. Furthermore, we found a conserved regulatory relationship between H4R17 and the ISWI chromatin remodeling complex in plants. Similar to other biological systems, H4R17 regulates nucleosome spacing via ISWI. Overall, this work provides a large set of H4 mutants to the plant epigenetics community that can be used to systematically assess histone H4 function in A. thaliana and a roadmap to replicate this strategy for studying other histone proteins in plants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Corcoran, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LeBlanc, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arias Tsang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarkiss, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pedmale, U. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacob, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.17.476649</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systematic histone H4 replacement in Arabidopsis thaliana reveals a role for H4R17 in regulating flowering time]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.20.473435v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Platr4 is an ESC-specific lncRNA that exhibits its function downstream on meso/endoderm lineage commitment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.20.473435v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mammalian genome encodes thousands of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are developmentally regulated and differentially expressed across tissues, suggesting possible roles in cellular differentiation. Despite this expression pattern, little is known about how lncRNAs influence lineage commitment at the molecular level. Here, we reveal that perturbation of an embryonic stem cell (ESC)-specific lncRNA, Pluripotency associated transcript 4 (Platr4), in ESCs directly influences the downstream meso/endoderm differentiation program without affecting pluripotency. We further show that Platr4 interacts with the TEA domain transcription factor 4 (Tead4) to regulate the expression of a downstream target gene crucial in the cardiac lineage program known as connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf). Importantly, Platr4 knockout mice exhibit myocardial atrophy, valve mucinous degenration associated with reduced cardiac output and sudden heart failure. Together, our findings provide evidence that Platr4 expression in undifferentiated ESCs is critical for downstream lineage differentiation, highlighting its importance in disease modeling and regenerative medicine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hazra, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brine, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benz, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chirathivat, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilkinson, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyons, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spector, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.20.473435</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Platr4 is an ESC-specific lncRNA that exhibits its function downstream on meso/endoderm lineage commitment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.30.478398v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Do place cells dream of deceptive moves in a signaling game? 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.30.478398v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We consider the possibility of applying game theory to analysis and modeling of neurobiological systems. Specifically, the basic properties and features of information asymmetric signaling games are considered and discussed as having potential to explain diverse neurobiological phenomena at levels of biological function that include gene regulation, molecular and biochemical signaling, cellular and metabolic function, as well as the neuronal action potential discharge that can represent cognitive variables such as memory and purposeful behavior. We begin by arguing that there is a pressing need for conceptual frameworks that can permit analysis and integration of information and explanations across the many scales of diverse levels of biological function. Developing such integrative frameworks is crucial if we are to understand cognitive functions like learning, memory, and perception. The present work focuses on systems level neuroscience organized around the connected brain regions of the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus. These areas are intensely studied in rodent subjects as model neuronal systems that undergo activity-dependent synaptic plasticity to form and represent memories and spatial knowledge used for purposeful navigation. Examples of cognition-related spatial information in the observed neuronal discharge of hippocampal place cell populations and medial entorhinal head-direction cell populations are used to illustrate possible challenges to information maximization concepts. It may be natural to explain these observations using the ideas and features of information asymmetric signaling games.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fenton, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hurtado, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Broek, J. A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>PARK, E. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mishra, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.30.478398</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Do place cells dream of deceptive moves in a signaling game?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.24.477500v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural and mechanistic basis of σ-dependent transcriptional pausing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.24.477500v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In {sigma}-dependent transcriptional pausing, the transcription initiation factor {sigma}, translocating with RNA polymerase (RNAP), makes sequence-specific protein-DNA interactions with a promoter-like sequence element in the transcribed region, inducing pausing. It has been proposed that, in {sigma}-dependent pausing, the RNAP active center can access off-pathway "backtracked" states that are substrates for the transcript-cleavage factors of the Gre family, and on-pathway "scrunched" states that mediate pause escape. Here, using site-specific protein-DNA photocrosslinking to define positions of the RNAP trailing and leading edges and of {sigma} relative to DNA at the{lambda} PR promoter, we show directly that {sigma}-dependent pausing in the absence of GreB in vitro predominantly involves a state backtracked by 2-4 bp, and that {sigma}-dependent pausing in the presence of GreB in vitro and in vivo predominantly involves a state scrunched by 2-3 bp. Analogous experiments with a library of 47 ([~]16,000) transcribed-region sequences show that the state scrunched by 2-3 bp--and only that state--is associated with the consensus sequence, T-3N-2Y-1G+1, (where -1 corresponds to the position of the RNA 3 end), which is identical to the consensus for pausing in initial transcription, and which is related to the consensus for pausing in transcription elongation. Experiments with heteroduplex templates show that sequence information at position T-3 resides in the DNA nontemplate strand. A cryo-EM structure of a complex engaged in {sigma}-dependent pausing reveals positions of DNA scrunching on the DNA nontemplate and template strands and suggests that position T-3 of the consensus sequence exerts its effects by facilitating scrunching.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pukhrambam, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molodtsov, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kooshkbaghi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tareen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skalenko, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winkelman, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinney, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ebright, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nickels, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.24.477500</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural and mechanistic basis of σ-dependent transcriptional pausing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.24.477635v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Two roles for choice selective inhibition in decision-making circuits 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.24.477635v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During perceptual decision-making, the firing rates of cortical neurons reflect upcoming choices. Recent work showed that excitatory and inhibitory neurons are equally selective for choice. However, functional consequences of inhibitory choice selectivity in decision-making circuits are unknown. We developed a circuit model of decision-making which accounts for the specificity of inputs to and outputs from inhibitory neurons. We found that selective inhibition expands the space of circuits supporting decision-making, allowing for weaker or stronger recurrent excitation when connected in a competitive or feedback motif. The specificity of inhibitory outputs sets the trade-off between speed and accuracy of decisions by altering the attractor dynamics in the circuit. Recurrent neural networks trained to make decisions display the same dependence on inhibitory specificity and the strength of recurrent excitation. Our results reveal two concurrent roles for selective inhibition in decision-making circuits: stabilizing strongly connected excitatory populations and maximizing competition between oppositely selective populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roach, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Churchland, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engel, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.24.477635</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Two roles for choice selective inhibition in decision-making circuits]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.01.478691v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Autosomal monoallelic genes are differentially regulated based on parental origin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.01.478691v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Each mammalian autosomal gene is represented by two alleles in diploid cells. Yet, no insights have been made in regard to allele-specific regulatory mechanisms of autosomes. Here we used allele-specific single cell transcriptomic analysis to elucidate the establishment of monoallelic gene expression in the cardiac lineage. We found that monoallelically expressed autosomal genes in mESCs and mouse blastocyst cells are differentially regulated based on the genetic background of the parental alleles. However, the genetic background of the allele does not affect the establishment of monoallelic genes in differentiated cardiomyocytes. Additionally, we observed epigenetic differences between deterministic and random autosomal monoallelic genes. Moreover, we also found a greater contribution of the maternal versus paternal allele to the development and homeostasis of cardiac tissue and in cardiac health, highlighting the importance of maternal influence in male cardiac tissue homeostasis. Our findings emphasize the significance of allele- specific insights into gene regulation in development, homeostasis and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Balasooriya, G. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spector, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.01.478691</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Autosomal monoallelic genes are differentially regulated based on parental origin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.01.478737v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Accurate and robust inference of genetic ancestry from cancer-derived molecular data across genomic platforms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.01.478737v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetic ancestry-oriented cancer research requires the ability to perform accurate and robust genetic ancestry inference from existing cancer-derived data, including whole exomes, transcriptomes and targeted gene panels, very often in the absence of matching cancer-free genomic data. Here we examine the feasibility and accuracy of such computation. In order to optimize and assess the performance of the ancestry inference for any given input cancer-derived molecular profile, we have developed a data synthesis framework. In its core procedure, the ancestral background of the profiled patient is replaced with one of any number of individuals with known ancestry. Data synthesis is applicable to multiple profiling platforms and makes it possible to assess the performance of inference specifically for a given molecular profile, and separately for each continental-level ancestry. This ability extends to all ancestries, including those without statistically sufficient representation in the existing cancer data. We further show that our inference procedure is accurate and robust in a wide range of sequencing depths. Testing our approach for three representative cancer types, and across three molecular profiling modalities, we demonstrate that global, continental-level ancestry of the patient can be inferred with high accuracy, as quantified by its agreement with the golden standard of the ancestry derived from matching cancer-free molecular data. Our study demonstrates that vast amounts of existing cancer-derived molecular data potentially are amenable to ancestry-oriented studies of the disease, without recourse to matching cancer-free genomes or patients self-identification by ancestry.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Belleau, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deschenes, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuveson, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krasnitz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.01.478737</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Accurate and robust inference of genetic ancestry from cancer-derived molecular data across genomic platforms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.03.478550v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ACME: an Affinity-based Cas9 Mediated Enrichment method for targeted nanopore sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.03.478550v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Targeted sequencing significantly improves accuracy and coverage and aids in providing the depth necessary to detect rare alleles in a heterogenous population of cells. Until the introduction of nanopore Cas9 Targeted-Sequencing (nCATS), a lack of efficient long-read compatible targeting techniques made it difficult to study specific regions of interest on long-read platforms. Existing nCATS-based strategies are currently limited by the per molecule target lengths capturable (<30kb), requiring several Cas9 guides to tile across larger regions of interest, ultimately reducing the number of targets that can be surveyed per reaction. Also, longer read lengths help reduce mapping errors, making it more likely that complex structural rearrangements can be resolved. Absence of a background reduction step in nCATS also increases the competition between non-target and target fragments in the sequencing pool for pore occupancy, decreasing the overall percentage of on-target reads. To address this, we introduce ACME - an Affinity-based Cas9-Mediated Enrichment method - that helps reduce background reads, increasing on-target coverage and size of target regions that can be spanned with single reads to 100kb.

ACME uses a HisTag-based isolation and pulldown of Cas-9 bound non-target reads, reducing the background noise in sequencing. We designed a panel of guide RNAs targeting 10 genes to enrich for specific regions of the cancer genome and tested them in two breast cell lines - MCF 10A and SK-BR-3. These gene targets spanned different size ranges (10kb to 150kb) allowing us to identify the largest target sizes that could be optimally captured by single molecules spanning the entire region. When compared with using just nCATS, the ACME method for background reduction increased the overall coverage across the entire length of all targets by 2-fold to 25-fold. By using ACME to eliminate smaller competing non-targets from the sequencing library, we saw a 3- to 7-fold increase in the number of reads spanning 100% of the gene targets when compared to nCATS. For one of our larger targets, BRCA2, we observed >60-fold target enrichment, close to 70x coverage, and 3-20 reads spanning the entire 95kb target. We observed an increase in enrichment, depth, and number of whole gene spanning reads for other genes on the panel as well across both cell lines, with enrichment as high as 4000-fold for some genes. Furthermore, ACME identified all SVs previously called within our targets by ONT and PacBio whole genome sequencing and performed on par with these platforms for SNP detection when compared with Illumina short-read whole genome sequencing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Iyer, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kramer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodwin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCombie, W. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.03.478550</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ACME: an Affinity-based Cas9 Mediated Enrichment method for targeted nanopore sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.10.479887v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells engulf synaptic inputs in an experience- and microglia-dependent manner 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.10.479887v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are a highly proliferative class of non-neuronal progenitors that largely give rise to myelinating oligodendrocytes. Although OPCs persist across the lifespan, their functions beyond oligodendrogenesis remain to be fully characterized. Here, we show that OPCs contribute to neural circuit remodeling by internalizing presynaptic thalamocortical inputs in both the developing and adult mouse visual cortex. Inputs internalized by OPCs localize to lysosomal compartments, consistent with OPC engulfment of synapses occuring through phagocytosis. We further show that engulfment by OPCs is heightened during experience-dependent plasticity, and that this experience-dependent increase in engulfment requires microglia. These data identify a new function for OPCs beyond the generation of oligodendrocytes and reveal that distinct non-neuronal populations collaborate to modulate synaptic connectivity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Auguste, Y. S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vrudhula, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kahng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nichitiu, A.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheadle, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.10.479887</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Oligodendrocyte precursor cells engulf synaptic inputs in an experience- and microglia-dependent manner]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.17.480854v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multisensory integration of social signals by a pathway from the basal amygdala to the auditory cortex in maternal mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.17.480854v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Social encounters are inherently multimodal events, yet how and where social cues of distinct sensory modalities merge and interact in the brain is poorly understood. When their pups wander away from the nest, mother mice use a combination of vocal and olfactory signals emitted by the pups to locate and retrieve them. Previous work revealed the emergence of multisensory interactions in the auditory cortex (AC) of both dams and virgins who co-habitate with pups ( surrogates). Here we identify a neural pathway that integrates information about odors with responses to sound. We found that a scattered population of glutamatergic neurons in the basal amygdala (BA) projects to the AC and responds to odors, including the smell of pups. These neurons exhibit increased activity when the female is searching for pups that terminates upon contact. Finally, we show that selective optogenetic activation of BA-AC neurons modulates responses to pup calls, and that this modulation switches from predominantly suppressive to predominantly excitatory after maternal experience. This supports an underappreciated role for the amygdala in directly shaping sensory representations in an experience-dependent manner. We propose that the BA-AC pathway integrates olfaction and audition to facilitate maternal care, and speculate that it may carry valence information to the AC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nowlan, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelahan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shea, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.17.480854</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multisensory integration of social signals by a pathway from the basal amygdala to the auditory cortex in maternal mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.07.483247v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Excitatory and inhibitory D-serine binding to the NMDA receptor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.07.483247v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) uniquely require binding of two different neurotransmitter agonists for synaptic transmission. D-serine and glycine bind to one subunit, GluN1, while glutamate binds to the other, GluN2. These agonists bind to the receptors bi-lobed ligand-binding domains (LBDs), which close around the agonist during receptor activation. To better understand the unexplored mechanisms by which D-serine contributes to receptor activation, we performed multi-microsecond molecular dynamics simulations of the GluN1/GluN2A LBD dimer with free D-serine and glutamate agonists. Surprisingly, we observed D-serine binding to both GluN1 and GluN2A LBDs, suggesting that D-serine competes with glutamate for binding to GluN2A. This mechanism is confirmed by our electrophysiology experiments, which show that D-serine is indeed inhibitory at high concentrations. Although free energy calculations indicate that D-serine stabilizes the closed GluN2A LBD, its inhibitory behavior suggests that it either does not remain bound long enough or does not generate sufficient force for ion channel gating. We developed a workflow using pathway similarity analysis to identify groups of residues working together to promote binding. These conformation-dependent pathways were not significantly impacted by the presence of N-linked glycans, which act primarily by interacting with the LBD bottom lobe to stabilize the closed LBD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yovanno, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chou, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brantley, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furukawa, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.07.483247</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Excitatory and inhibitory D-serine binding to the NMDA receptor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.13.484161v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Direct and indirect neurogenesis generate a mosaic of distinct glutamatergic projection neuron types and cortical subnetworks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.13.484161v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Variations in size and complexity of the cerebral cortex result from differences in neuron number and composition, which are rooted in evolutionary changes in direct and indirect neurogenesis (dNG and iNG) mediated by radial glial progenitors and intermediate progenitors, respectively. How dNG and iNG differentially contribute to cortical neuronal number, diversity, and connectivity are unknown. Establishing a genetic fate-mapping method to differentially visualize dNG and iNG in mice, we found that while both dNG and iNG contribute to all cortical structures, iNG contributes the largest relative proportions to the hippocampus and neocortex compared to insular and piriform cortex, claustrum, and the pallial amygdala. Within the neocortex, whereas dNG generates all major glutamatergic projection neuron (PN) classes, iNG differentially amplifies and diversifies PNs within each class; the two neurogenic pathways generate distinct PN types and assemble fine mosaics of lineage-based cortical subnetworks. Our results establish a ground-level lineage framework for understanding cortical development and evolution by linking foundational progenitor types and neurogenic pathways to PN types.

Highlights- A genetic strategy for differential visualization of direct and indirect neurogenesis in the same animal.
- dNG and iNG differentially contribute to piriform cortex, basolateral amygdala, hippocampus, and neocortex
- Whereas dNG generates all major PN classes, iNG differentially amplifies and diversifies PNs within each class
- dNG and iNG construct distinct cortical projection subnetworks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huilgol, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levine, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galbavy, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suryanarayana, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.13.484161</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Direct and indirect neurogenesis generate a mosaic of distinct glutamatergic projection neuron types and cortical subnetworks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.18.484951v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SPDEF promotes the classical subtype of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.18.484951v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) samples reveal extensive cellular heterogeneity. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we uncover multiple tumor cell populations distinguished by their differentiation state and associated with different stages of tumor progression in a mouse model of PDA. We identify Spdef as a factor required for tumorigenesis in pancreatic cancer cells of epithelial and mucinous nature. By comparative analysis of cell differentiation states in mice and humans, we find that the Spdef program is highly expressed by human PDAs of the classical subtype. Mouse and human PDA cells expressing elevated levels of Spdef are dependent upon this transcription factor for tumor progression in vivo. The tumor-promoting function of Spdef is recapitulated by two Spdef target genes that regulate protein folding and endoplasmic reticulum activity, Agr2 and Ern2/Ire1{beta}. These findings offer insights into the factors controlling differentiation states in PDA and identify new vulnerabilities in the most common subtype of pancreatic cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tonelli, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yordanov, G. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deschenes, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klingbeil, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ting, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brosnan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doshi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vakoc, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preall, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuveson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.18.484951</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SPDEF promotes the classical subtype of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.21.485130v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A reinforcement learning algorithm shapes maternal care in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.21.485130v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The neural substrates for processing classical rewards such as food or drugs of abuse are well-understood. In contrast, the mechanisms by which organisms perceive social contact as rewarding and subsequently modify their interactions are unclear. Here we tracked the gradual emergence of a repetitive and highly-stereotyped parental behavior and show that trial-by-trial performance correlates with the history of midbrain dopamine (DA) neuron activity. We used a novel behavior paradigm to manipulate the subjects expectation of imminent pup contact and show that DA signals conform to reward prediction error, a fundamental component of reinforcement learning (RL). Finally, closed-loop optogenetic inactivation of DA neurons at the onset of pup contact dramatically slowed emergence of parental care. We conclude that this prosocial behavior is shaped by an RL mechanism in which social contact itself is the primary reward.

One-Sentence SummaryMaternal interactions with offspring are shaped by a dopaminergic reinforcement learning mechanism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corona, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pagliaro, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shea, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.21.485130</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A reinforcement learning algorithm shapes maternal care in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.24.485503v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A global high-density chromatin interaction network reveals functional long-range and trans-chromosomal relationships 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.24.485503v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromatin contacts are essential for gene-expression regulation, however, obtaining a high-resolution genome-wide chromatin contact map is still prohibitively expensive owing to large genome sizes and the quadratic scale of pairwise data. Chromosome conformation capture (3C) based methods such as Hi-C have been extensively used to obtain chromatin contacts. However, since the sparsity of these maps increases with an increase in genomic distance between contacts, long-range or trans chromatin contacts are especially challenging to sample.

Here, we created a high density reference genome-wide chromatin contact map using a meta-analytic approach. We integrate 3600 Human, 6700 Mouse, and 500 Fly 3C experiments to create species-specific meta-3C contact maps with 304 billion, 193 billion, and 19 billion contacts in respective species. We validate that meta-3C are uniquely powered to capture functional chromatin contacts in both cis and trans. Unlike individual experiments, meta-3C gene contacts predict gene coexpression for long-range and trans chromatin contacts. Similarly, for long-range cis-regulatory interactions, meta-3C contacts outperform all individual experiments, providing an improvement over the conventionally used linear genomic distance-based association. Assessing between species, we find patterns of chromatin contacts conservation in both cis and trans and strong associations with coexpression even in species for which 3C data is lacking.

We have generated an integrated chromatin interaction network which complements a large number of methodological and analytic approaches focused on improved specificity or interpretation. This high-depth "super-experiment" is surprisingly powerful in capturing long-range functional relationships of chromatin interactions, which are now able to predict coexpression, expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL), and cross-species relationships.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lohia, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fox, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.24.485503</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A global high-density chromatin interaction network reveals functional long-range and trans-chromosomal relationships]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.27.485965v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CRISPR-induced exon skipping of β-catenin reveals tumorigenic mutants driving distinct subtypes of liver cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.27.485965v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CRISPR/Cas9-driven cancer modeling studies are based on disruption of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) by small insertions or deletions (indels) that lead to frame-shift mutations. In addition, CRISPR/Cas9 is widely used to define the significance of cancer oncogenes and genetic dependencies in loss-of function studies. However, how CRISPR/Cas9 influences gain-of-function oncogenic mutations is elusive. Here, we demonstrate that single guide RNA targeting exon 3 of {beta}-catenin results in exon skipping and generates gain-of-function isoforms in vivo. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated exon skipping of {beta}-catenin induces liver tumor formation in synergy with YAPS127A in mice. We define two distinct exon skipping-induced tumor subtypes with different histological and transcriptional features. Notably, ectopic expression of two exon-skipped {beta}-catenin transcript isoforms together with YAPS127A phenocopies the two distinct subtypes of liver cancer. Moreover, we identify similar {beta}-catenin exon skipping events in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Collectively, our findings advance our understanding of {beta}-catenin-related tumorigenesis and reveal that CRISPR/Cas9 can be repurposed, in vivo, to study gain-of-function mutations of oncogenes in cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yue, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janowitz, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, H. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kucukural, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilkinson, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozata, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beyaz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.27.485965</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CRISPR-induced exon skipping of β-catenin reveals tumorigenic mutants driving distinct subtypes of liver cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.03.486884v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
T cell-mediated development of stromal fibroblasts with an immune-enhancing chemokine profile 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.03.486884v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Stromal fibroblasts reside in inflammatory tissues that are characterized by either immune suppression or immune activation, but whether these cells adapt to these contrasting microenvironments is not known. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) mediate immune quiescence by producing the chemokine CXCL12 that coats cancer cells to suppress T cell infiltration. We examined whether CAFs can adopt an immune-promoting chemokine profile. Single-cell RNA-sequencing of CAFs from mouse pancreatic adenocarcinomas identified a sub-population with decreased expression of CXCL12 and increased expression of the T cell-attracting chemokine, CXCL9, that was expanded when tumors were infiltrated with T cells. Conditioned media from activated CD8+ T cells containing TNF and IFN{gamma} converted the chemokine profile of stromal fibroblasts from a CXCL12+/CXCL9- immune suppressive phenotype into a CXCL12-/CXCL9+ immune-activating phenotype. Studies with recombinant cytokines showed that TNF acted synergistically with IFN{gamma} to induce CXCL9 expression, and alone was mainly responsible for suppressing CXCL12 expression. This coordinated chemokine switch demonstrates that stromal fibroblasts have a phenotypic plasticity that allow their adaptation to contrasting immune tissue microenvironments.

SummaryIt is unclear whether and how stromal fibroblasts adapt and contribute to varying tissue microenvironments. This study shows immune-suppressive cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have the capacity to develop an immune-promoting chemokine profile in response to cytokines from infiltrating T cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fearon, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.03.486884</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[T cell-mediated development of stromal fibroblasts with an immune-enhancing chemokine profile]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.08.487647v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multilevel selection analysis reveals diversity in selfish mitochondrial genome dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.08.487647v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cells possess multiple mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copies, which undergo semi-autonomous replication and stochastic inheritance. This enables mutant mtDNA variants to arise and selfishly compete with cooperative (wildtype) mtDNA. Selfish mitochondrial genomes are subject to selection at different levels: they compete against wildtype mtDNA directly within hosts and indirectly through organismal selection. However, determining the relative contributions of selection at different levels has proven challenging. We overcome this challenge by combining mathematical modeling with experiments designed to isolate the levels of selection. Applying this approach to many selfish mitochondrial genotypes in Caenorhabditis elegans revealed an unexpected diversity of evolutionary mechanisms. Some mutant genomes persist at high frequency for many generations, despite a host fitness cost, by aggressively outcompeting cooperative genomes within hosts. Conversely, some mutant genomes persist by evading organismal selection. Strikingly, the mutant genomes vary dramatically in their susceptibility to neutral drift. Although different mechanisms can cause high frequency of selfish mtDNA, we show how they give rise to characteristically different distributions of mutant frequency among individuals. Given that heteroplasmic frequency represents a key determinant of phenotypic severity, this work outlines an evolutionary theoretic framework for predicting the distribution of phenotypic consequences among individuals carrying a selfish mitochondrial genome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gitschlag, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.08.487647</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multilevel selection analysis reveals diversity in selfish mitochondrial genome dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.12.487877v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Conserved cell-type specific signature of resilience to Alzheimer's disease nominates role for excitatory cortical neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.12.487877v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alzheimers disease (AD), the leading cause of dementia, affects millions of people worldwide. With no disease-modifying medication currently available, the human toll and economic costs are rising rapidly. Under current standards, a patient is diagnosed with AD when both cognitive decline and pathology (amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles) are present. Remarkably, some individuals who have AD pathology remain cognitively normal. Uncovering factors that lead to "cognitive resilience" to AD is a promising path to create new targets for therapies. However, technical challenges discovering novel human resilience factors limit testing, validation, and nomination of novel drugs for AD. In this study, we use single-nucleus transcriptional profiles of postmortem cortex from human individuals with high AD pathology who were either cognitively normal (resilient) or cognitively impaired (susceptible) at time of death, as well as mouse strains that parallel these differences in cognition with high amyloid load. Our cross-species discovery approach highlights a novel role for excitatory layer 4/5 cortical neurons in promoting cognitive resilience to AD, and nominates several resilience genes that include ATP1A1, GRIA3, KCNMA1, and STXBP1. This putative cell type has been implicated in resilience in previous studies on bulk RNA-seq tissue, but our single-nucleus and cross-species approach identifies particular resilience-associated gene signatures in these cells. These novel resilience candidate genes were tested for replication in orthogonal data sets and confirmed to be correlated with cognitive resilience. Based on these gene signatures, we identified several potential mechanisms of resilience, including regulation of synaptic plasticity, axonal and dendritic development, and neurite vesicle transport along microtubules that are potentially targetable by available therapeutics. Because our discovery of resilience-associated genes in layer 4/5 cortical neurons originates from an integrated human and mouse transcriptomic space from susceptible and resilient individuals, we are positioned to test causality and perform mechanistic, validation, and pre-clinical studies in our human-relevant AD-BXD mouse panel.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Telpoukhovskaia, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hadad, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gurdon, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouellette, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neuner, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunn, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dumitrescu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Connell, K. M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dammer, E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seyfried, N. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muzumdar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robson, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hohman, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Philip, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menon, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaczorowski, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.12.487877</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Conserved cell-type specific signature of resilience to Alzheimer's disease nominates role for excitatory cortical neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.14.488331v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantitative Cell Proteomic Atlas: Pathway-scale targeted mass spectrometry for high-resolution functional profiling of cell signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.14.488331v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In spite of extensive studies of cellular signaling, many fundamental processes such as pathway integration, cross-talk and feedback remain poorly understood. To enable integrated and quantitative measurements of cellular biochemical activities, we have developed the Quantitative Cell Proteomics Atlas (QCPA). QCPA consists of panels of targeted mass spectrometry assays to determine the abundance and stoichiometry of regulatory post-translational modifications of sentinel proteins from most known physiologic and pathogenic signaling pathways in human cells. QCPA currently profiles 1,913 peptides from 469 effectors of cell surface signaling, apoptosis, stress response, gene expression, quiescence, and proliferation. For each protein, QCPA includes triplets of isotopically labeled peptides covering known post-translational regulatory sites to determine their stoichiometries and unmodified protein regions to measure total protein abundance. The QCPA framework incorporates analytes to control for technical variability of sample preparation and mass spectrometric analysis, including TrypQuant, a synthetic substrate for accurate quantification of proteolysis efficiency for proteins containing chemically modified residues. The ability to precisely and accurately quantify most known signaling pathways should enable improved chemoproteomic approaches for the comprehensive analysis of cell signaling and clinical proteomics of diagnostic specimens. QCPA is openly available at https://qcpa.mskcc.org.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cifani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kentsis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.14.488331</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantitative Cell Proteomic Atlas: Pathway-scale targeted mass spectrometry for high-resolution functional profiling of cell signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.17.488597v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Newly discovered alleles of the tomato antiflorigen gene SELF PRUNING provide a range of plant compactness and yield 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.17.488597v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In tomato cultivation, a rare natural mutation in the flowering repressor antiflorigen gene SELF-PRUNING (sp-classic) induces precocious shoot termination and is the foundation in determinate tomato breeding for open field production. Heterozygosity for induced mutations in the florigen gene SINGLE FLOWER TRUSS in the background of sp-classic provides a heterosis-like effect by delaying shoot termination, suggesting subtle suppression of determinacy by genetic modification of florigen-antiflorigen balance could improve yield. Here, we isolated three new sp alleles from the tomato germplasm that show modified determinate growth compared to sp-classic, including one allele that mimics the effect of sft heterozygosity. Two deletion alleles eliminate functional transcripts and showed similar shoot termination, determinate growth, and yields as sp-classic. In contrast, amino acid substitution allele sp-5732 showed semi-determinate growth with more leaves and sympodial shoots on all shoots. This translated to greater yield compared to the other stronger alleles by up to 42%. Transcriptome profiling of axillary (sympodial) shoot meristems (SYM) from sp-classic and wild type plants revealed six mis-regulated genes related to the floral transition, which were used as biomarkers to show that the maturation of SYMs in the weaker sp-5732 genotype is delayed compared to sp-classic, consistent with delayed shoot termination and semi-determinate growth. Assessing sp allele frequencies from over 500 accessions indicated that one of the strong sp alleles (sp-2798) arose in early breeding cultivars but was not selected. The newly discovered sp alleles are potentially valuable resources to quantitatively manipulate shoot growth and yield in determinate breeding programs, with sp-5732 providing an opportunity to develop semi-determinate field varieties with higher yields.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kang, M.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajendran, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bae, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lippman, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.17.488597</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Newly discovered alleles of the tomato antiflorigen gene SELF PRUNING provide a range of plant compactness and yield]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.21.489065v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RNA Pol II pausing facilitates phased pluripotency transitions by buffering transcription 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.21.489065v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Promoter-proximal RNA Pol II pausing is a critical step in transcriptional control. Pol II pausing has been studied predominantly in tissue culture systems. While Pol II pausing has been shown to be required for mammalian development, the phenotypic and mechanistic details of this requirement are unknown. Here, we find that loss of RNA Pol II pausing stalls pluripotent state transitions in the epiblast of the early mouse embryo. Using Nelfb-/- mice and a novel NELFB- degron mouse embryonic stem cells, we show that mouse ES cells (mESCs) representing the naive state of pluripotency successfully initiate a transition program, but fail to balance levels of induced and repressed genes and enhancers in the absence of NELF. Consistently, we find an increase in chromatin-associated NELF during pluripotency transitions. Overall, our work reveals the molecular and phenotypic roles of Pol II pausing in pluripotency and introduces Pol II pausing as a modulator of cell state transitions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Abuhashem, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chivu, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rice, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siepel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danko, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hadjantonakis, A.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.21.489065</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RNA Pol II pausing facilitates phased pluripotency transitions by buffering transcription]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.27.489695v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cortex-wide fast activation of VIP-expressing inhibitory neurons by reward and punishment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.27.489695v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Reward and punishment powerfully inform ongoing behaviors and drive learning throughout the brain, including neocortex. Yet it remains elusive how these global signals are represented and impact local cortical computations. Previously we found that in auditory cortex, VIP-expressing interneurons are recruited by reinforcement feedback. Here, we used 3D random-access two-photon microscopy and fiber photometry to monitor VIP neural activity in dozens of cortical areas while mice learned an auditory decision task. We show that reward and punishment evoke a rapid, cortex-wide activation of most VIP interneurons. This global recruitment mode of VIP interneurons showed variations in temporal dynamics in individual neurons and across areas. Neither their weak sensory tuning in visual cortex, nor their arousal state modulation was predictive of reinforcer responses of VIP interneurons. We suggest that VIP-expressing cortical inhibitory neurons transduce global reinforcement signals to provide disinhibitory control over local circuit computations and their plasticity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Szadai, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pi, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chevy, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ocsai, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albeanu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiovini, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szalay, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katona, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kepecs, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rozsa, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.27.489695</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cortex-wide fast activation of VIP-expressing inhibitory neurons by reward and punishment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.29.490059v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evaluating deep learning for predicting epigenomic profiles 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.29.490059v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Deep learning has been successful at predicting epigenomic profiles from DNA sequences. Most approaches frame this task as a binary classification relying on peak callers to define functional activity. Recently, quantitative models have emerged to directly predict the experimental coverage values as a regression. As new models continue to emerge with different architectures and training configurations, a major bottleneck is forming due to the lack of ability to fairly assess the novelty of proposed models and their utility for downstream biological discovery. Here we introduce a unified evaluation framework and use it to compare various binary and quantitative models trained to predict chromatin accessibility data. We highlight various modeling choices that affect generalization performance, including a downstream application of predicting variant effects. In addition, we introduce a robustness metric that can be used to enhance model selection and improve variant effect predictions. Our empirical study largely supports that quantitative modeling of epigenomic profiles leads to better generalizability and interpretability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Toneyan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.29.490059</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evaluating deep learning for predicting epigenomic profiles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.29.490102v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Statistical correction of input gradients for black box models trained with categorical input features 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.29.490102v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Post-hoc attribution methods are widely applied to provide insights into patterns learned by deep neural networks (DNNs). Despite their success in regulatory genomics, DNNs can learn arbitrary functions outside the probabilistic simplex that defines one-hot encoded DNA. This introduces a random gradient component that manifests as noise in attribution scores. Here we demonstrate the pervasiveness of off-simplex gradient noise for genomic DNNs and introduce a statistical correction that is effective at improving the interpretability of attribution methods.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Majdandzic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.29.490102</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Statistical correction of input gradients for black box models trained with categorical input features]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.03.490471v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neurotransmitter content heterogeneity within an interneuron class shapes inhibitory transmission at a central synapse 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.03.490471v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurotransmitter content is deemed the most basic defining criterion for neuronal classes, contrasting with the intercellular heterogeneity of many other molecular and functional features. Here we show, in the adult mouse brain, that neurotransmitter content variegation within a neuronal class is a component of its functional heterogeneity. Most Golgi cells (GoCs), the well-defined class of cerebellar interneurons inhibiting granule cells (GrCs), contain cytosolic glycine, accumulated by the neuronal transporter GlyT2, and GABA in various proportions. To assess the functional consequence of this neurotransmitter variation, we paired GrCs recordings with optogenetic stimulations of single GoCs, which preserve the intracellular transmitter mixture. We show that the strength and decay kinetics of GrCs IPSCs, which are entirely mediated by GABAA receptors are negatively correlated to the presynaptic expression of GlyT2 by GoCs. We isolate a slow spillover component of GrCs inhibition that is also affected by the expression of GlyT2, leading to a 56 % decrease in relative charge. Acute manipulations of cytosolic GABA and glycine supply recapitulate the modulation of IPSC charge, supporting the hypothesis that presynaptic loading of glycine negatively impact the GABAergic transmission in mixed interneurons through a competition for vesicular filling. Our results suggest that heterogeneity of neurotransmitter supply within the GoC class may provide a presynaptic mechanism to tune the gain of the stereotypic granular layer microcircuit, thereby expanding the realm of possible dynamic behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dumontier, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mailhes-Hamon, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Supplisson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dieudonne, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.03.490471</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neurotransmitter content heterogeneity within an interneuron class shapes inhibitory transmission at a central synapse]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.05.490693v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell genomic analysis of triple-negative breast cancer fibroblasts uncovers evolutionarily conserved features and potential therapeutic targets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.05.490693v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To comprehend cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) origins, single-cell RNA sequencing was conducted on normal and cancerous breast tissue from mice and humans. We found three conserved CAF subtypes, which based on GOterm analysis we designated as matrix CAFs-, chemokine CAFs, and contractile CAFs. Matrix and chemokine CAFs originated from resident fibroblasts, while contractile CAFs originated from normal pericytes. Both human and mouse CAFs displayed upregulated genes involved in extracellular matrix organization, cellular respiration, and cell migration. Key transcription factors in both species included NFKB1, SP1, TP53, and TWIST2. Trajectory inference suggested that in some cases a transitory state characterized by JUN expression precedes the maturation of CAFs. Computational analysis revealed a common mechanism for CAF education involving the overexpression of TGF-{beta}, PDGF, TNF, and NOTCH-family ligands in different tumor microenvironment cell types, along with reciprocal overexpression of receptors in CAFs. These findings bolster and broaden current understandings of CAF genesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Delgado, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nemajerova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marchenko, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preall, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moll, U. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egeblad, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Powers, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.05.490693</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell genomic analysis of triple-negative breast cancer fibroblasts uncovers evolutionarily conserved features and potential therapeutic targets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.09.491042v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reproducibility of in-vivo electrophysiological measurements in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.09.491042v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding brain function relies on the collective work of many labs generating reproducible results. However, reproducibility has not been systematically assessed within the context of electrophysiological recordings during cognitive behaviors. To address this, we formed a multi-lab collaboration using a shared, open-source behavioral task and experimental apparatus. Experimenters in ten laboratories repeatedly targeted Neuropixels probes to the same location (spanning secondary visual areas, hippocampus, and thalamus) in mice making decisions; this generated a total of 121 experimental replicates, a unique dataset for evaluating reproducibility of electrophysiology experiments. Despite standardizing both behavioral and electrophysiological procedures, some experimental outcomes were highly variable. A closer analysis uncovered that variability in electrode targeting hindered reproducibility, as did the limited statistical power of some routinely used electrophysiological analyses, such as single-neuron tests of modulation by individual task parameters. Reproducibility was enhanced by histological and electrophysiological quality-control criteria. Our observations suggest that data from systems neuroscience is vulnerable to a lack of reproducibility, but that across-lab standardization, including metrics we propose, can serve to mitigate this.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>The International Brain Laboratory,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banga, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonacchi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruijns, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chapuis, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Churchland, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davatolhagh, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faulkner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinmetz, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paninski, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taheri, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roth, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.09.491042</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reproducibility of in-vivo electrophysiological measurements in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.18.492502v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A neural theory for counting memories 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.18.492502v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
"Ive never smelled anything like this." "Ive seen you once before." "Ive heard this song many times." Keeping track of the number of times different stimuli have been experienced is a critical computation for behavior. This computation occurs ubiquitously across sensory modalities, and naturally without reward or punishment. However, the neural circuitry that mediates this computation remains unknown. Here, we propose a theoretical two-layer neural circuit that can store counts of stimulus occurrence frequencies. This circuit implements a data structure, called a count sketch, that is commonly used in computer science to maintain item frequencies in streaming data. Our first model implements the count sketch data structure using Hebbian synapses and outputs stimulus-specific frequencies. Our second model uses anti-Hebbian plasticity and only tracks frequencies within four count categories ("1-2-3-many"), which we suggest makes a better trade-off between the number of categories that need to be distinguished and the potential ethological value of those categories. Using real-world datasets, we show how both models can closely track the frequencies of different stimuli experienced, while being robust to noise, thus expanding the traditional novelty-familiarity memory axis from binary to continuous. Finally, we show that an implementation of the "1-2-3-many" count sketch -- including network architecture, synaptic plasticity rule, and output neuron that encodes count categories -- exists in a novelty detection circuit in the insect mushroom body, and we argue that similar circuit motifs also appear in mammals, suggesting that basic memory counting machinery may be broadly conserved.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dasgupta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hattori, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navlakha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.18.492502</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A neural theory for counting memories]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.25.493141v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Programmable RNA Sensing for Cell Monitoring and Manipulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.25.493141v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNAs are the central and universal mediator of genetic information underlying the diversity of cell types and cell states, which together shape tissue organization and organismal function across species and life spans. Despite advances in RNA sequencing and massive accumulation of transcriptome datasets across life sciences, the dearth of technologies that leverage RNAs to observe and manipulate cell types remains a prohibitive bottleneck in biology and medicine. Here, we describe CellREADR (Cell access through RNA sensing by Endogenous ADAR), a programmable RNA sensing technology that leverages RNA editing mediated by ADAR (adenosine deaminase acting on RNA) for coupling the detection of cell-defining RNAs with translation of effector proteins. Viral delivery of CellREADR conferred specific cell type access in mouse and rat brains and in ex vivo human brain tissues. Furthermore, CellREADR enabled recording and control of neuron types in behaving mice. CellREADR thus highlights the potential for RNA-based monitoring and editing of animal cells in ways that are specific, versatile, easy, and generalizable across organ systems and species, with broad applications in biology, biotechnology, and programmable RNA medicine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matthews, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adoff, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Southwell, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.25.493141</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Programmable RNA Sensing for Cell Monitoring and Manipulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.30.493733v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Internally-controlled and dynamic optical measures of functional tumor biology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.30.493733v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Imaging defined aspects of functional tumor biology with bioluminescent reporter transgenes is a popular approach amongst the research community in drug development, as it is sensitive, relatively high-throughput and low cost. However, the lack of internal controls subject functional bioluminescence to a number of unpredictable variables that reduce this powerful tool to semi-quantitative interpretation of large-scale effects. Here we report the generation of sensitive and quantitative live reporters for two key measures of functional cancer biology and pharmacologic stress: the cell cycle and oxidative stress. We developed a two-colored readout, where two independent enzymes convert a common imaging substrate into spectrally distinguishable light. The signal intensity of one color is dependent upon biological state, whereas the other color is constitutively expressed. The ratio of emitted colored light corrects the functional signal for independent procedural variables, substantially improving the robustness and interpretation of relatively low-fold changes in functional signal intensity after drug treatment.

The application of these readouts in vitro is highly advantageous, as peak cell response to therapy can now be readily visualized for single or combination treatments and not simply assessed at an arbitrary and destructive timepoint. Spectral imaging in vivo can be challenging, but we also present evidence to show that the reporters can work in this context as well. Collectively, the development and validation of these internally controlled reporters allow researchers to robustly and dynamically visualize tumor cell biology in response to treatment. Given the prevalence of bioluminescence imaging, this presents significant and much needed opportunities for preclinical therapeutic development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chung, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swamynathan, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Froeling, F. E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trotman, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuveson, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyons, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.30.493733</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Internally-controlled and dynamic optical measures of functional tumor biology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.01.494346v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic or transcranial magnetic stimulation of B-RAF-MEK signaling promotes CST axon sprouting and functional regeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.01.494346v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Facilitating axon regeneration in the injured central nervous system remains a challenging task. RAF-MEK signaling plays an important role in axon elongation during nervous system development. Here we show that activation of B-RAF in mature corticospinal neurons elicited the expression of a discrete set of transcription factors previously implicated in the regeneration of zebrafish optic nerve axons. Genetic activation of B-RAF-MEK signaling promoted robust regeneration and sprouting of corticospinal tract axons after injury. Newly sprouting axon collaterals formed synaptic connections with spinal interneurons, correlating with the recovery of skilled motor function. Seeking a non-invasive way to stimulate axon regeneration, we found that suprathreshold high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation activates the B-RAF canonical effectors MEK1/2 and requires MEK1/2 activity to promote corticospinal axon regeneration and sprouting after injury. These data demonstrate a central role of neuron-intrinsic RAF-MEK signaling in enhancing the growth capacity of mature corticospinal neurons and propose HF-rTMS as a potential therapy for spinal cord injury.

One Sentence SummaryGenetic or HF-rTMS-mediated activation of B-RAF- MEK signaling promotes CST axon sprouting and functional regeneration after a spinal cord injury.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Boato, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voutounou, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rynne, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freschlin, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zumbo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Betel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matho, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makarov, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Son, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nummenmaa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, J. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.01.494346</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic or transcranial magnetic stimulation of B-RAF-MEK signaling promotes CST axon sprouting and functional regeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.04.494739v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Senescence rewires microenvironment sensing to facilitate anti-tumor immunity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.04.494739v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cellular senescence involves a stable cell cycle arrest coupled to a secretory program that, in some instances, stimulates the immune clearance of senescent cells. Using an immune competent tumor model in which senescence triggers CD8 T cell-mediated tumor rejection, we show that senescence also remodels cell surface proteome to alter how they sense environmental factors, as exemplified by Type II interferon gamma (IFN-{gamma}). Compared to proliferating cells, senescent cells upregulate IFN-{gamma} receptor, become hypersensitized to microenvironmental IFN-{gamma}, and more robustly induce antigen presenting machinery -effects also recapitulated in human tumor cells treated with senescence-inducing drugs. Disruption of the IFN-{gamma} sensing by senescent cells blunts their immune-mediated clearance without disabling their characteristic secretory program or immune cell recruitment. Our results demonstrate that senescent cells have an enhanced ability to both send and receive environmental signals, and imply that each process is required for their effective immune surveillance.

SIGNIFICANCEOur work identifies a novel interplay between tissue remodeling and tissue sensing programs that can be engaged by senescence in advanced cancers to render tumor cells more visible to the adaptive immune system. This new facet of senescence establishes reciprocal heterotypic signaling interactions that can be induced therapeutically to enhance anti-tumor immunity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mezzadra, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adrover, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smolkin, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wuest, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hendrickson, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egeblad, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alonso-Curbelo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lowe, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.04.494739</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Senescence rewires microenvironment sensing to facilitate anti-tumor immunity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.11.495682v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pan-genome inversion index reveals evolutionary insights into the subpopulation structure of Asian rice (Oryza sativa) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.11.495682v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding and exploiting genetic diversity is a key factor for the productive and stable production of rice. Utilizing 16 high-quality genomes that represent the subpopulation structure of Asian rice (O. sativa), plus the genomes of two close relatives (O. rufipogon and O. punctata), we built a pan-genome inversion index of 1,054 non-redundant inversions that span an average of [~] 14% of the O. sativa cv. Nipponbare reference genome sequence. Using this index we estimated an inversion rate of 1,100 inversions per million years in Asian rice, which is 37 to 73 times higher than previously estimated for plants. Detailed analyses of these inversions showed evidence of their effects on gene regulation, recombination rate, linkage disequilibrium and agronomic trait performance. Our study uncovers the prevalence and scale of large inversions ([&ge;] 100 kb) across the pan-genome of Asian rice, and hints at their largely unexplored role in functional biology and crop performance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chebotarov, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chougule, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivera, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kathiresan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Bader, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohammed, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alsantely, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mussurova, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santos, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thimma, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Troukhan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fornasiero, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Copetti, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kudrna, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Llaca, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorieux, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuccolo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ware, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McNally, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wing, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.11.495682</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pan-genome inversion index reveals evolutionary insights into the subpopulation structure of Asian rice (Oryza sativa)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.18.496642v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Synaptic homeostasis transiently leverages Hebbian mechanisms for a multiphasic response to inactivity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.18.496642v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurons use various forms of negative feedback to maintain their synaptic strengths within an operationally useful range. While this homeostatic plasticity is thought to distinctly counteract the destabilizing positive feedback of Hebbian plasticity, there is considerable overlap in the molecular components mediating both forms of plasticity. The varying kinetics of these components spurs additional inquiry into the dynamics of synaptic homeostasis. We discovered that upscaling of synaptic weights in response to prolonged inactivity is nonmonotonic. Surprisingly, this seemingly oscillatory adaptation involved transient appropriation of molecular effectors associated with Hebbian plasticity, namely CaMKII, L-type Ca2+ channels, and Ca2+-permeable AMPARs, and homeostatic elements such as calcineurin. We created a dynamic model that shows how traditionally "Hebbian" and "homeostatic" mechanisms can cooperate to autoregulate postsynaptic Ca2+ levels. We propose that this combination of mechanisms allows excitatory synapses to adapt to prolonged activity changes and safeguard the capability to undergo future strengthening on demand.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levenstein, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mandelberg, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chenouard, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suutari, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rinzel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buzsaki, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsien, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.18.496642</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Synaptic homeostasis transiently leverages Hebbian mechanisms for a multiphasic response to inactivity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.21.497076v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evaluating the differential expression of TAM family receptors and efferocytosis activities in differentiated and polarized THP-1 macrophage 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.21.497076v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tissue homeostasis is tightly balanced between cell death and renewal. Each day, as many as 1011 cells die in the human body that need to be removed and replaced. The clearance of apoptotic cells, termed efferocytosis, is crucial to tissue homeostasis. Central to this process is macrophage-mediated efferocytosis. Apart from general phagocytosis, efferocytosis is apoptotic cell-specific, which aids in clearing dead cells and preventing the accumulation of self-antigens released by the apoptotic cells. The TAM family receptor kinases (TYRO3, AXL, MERTK) and ligands (GAS6 and PROS) play important roles in engaging the apoptotic cells to initiate efferocytic engulfment and the downstream cellular responses. Dysregulated efferocytic function in macrophages is associated with human diseases such as atherosclerosis, lupus, lung fibrosis, and cancer. Conversely, understanding the regulation and molecular mechanisms of macrophage efferocytosis can potentially lead to beneficial treatments for the above diseases. Despite numerous efferocytosis studies that use primary and cell line-derived macrophages, there has not been a thorough characterization of a cell line system that can be reliably used for efferocytosis assays. Consequently, many macrophage efferocytosis assays reported do not clearly distinguish efferocytosis from phagocytosis. Here we evaluated the THP-1 cell line as a potential human macrophage cell line system for efferocytosis studies. Consequently, many macrophage efferocytosis assays reported do not clearly distinguish efferocytosis from phagocytosis. Through the study we examined the differential expression of the TAM family receptors and their ligands in the various THP-1 macrophage differentiation and polarization states. We also characterized the THP-1 cell line as a reliable system for performing in vitro efferocytosis studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chamberland, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farrell, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, J. T.- H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.21.497076</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evaluating the differential expression of TAM family receptors and efferocytosis activities in differentiated and polarized THP-1 macrophage]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.24.497468v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gene expression as phenotype - Many small-step changes leading to little long-term phenotypic evolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.24.497468v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Unlike in genotypic evolution, there are few general rules governing phenotypic evolution with one of them being the small-step evolution. More specifically, natural selection tends to favor mutations of smaller phenotypic effects than of larger ones. This postulate can be viewed as a logical extension of Fishers Geometric Model (FGM). Testing this FGM postulate, however, is challenging as the test would require a large number of phenotypes, each with a clear genetic basis. For such a test, we treat the expression level of each gene as a phenotype. Furthermore, a mechanism of small-step expression evolution exists, namely via the control by microRNAs (miRNAs). Each miRNA in metazoans is known to weakly repress the expression of tens or hundreds of target genes. In our analysis of mammalian and Drosophila expression data, small step evolution via miRNA regulation happens frequently in long-term evolution. However, such small-step evolution does not lead to long-term phenotypic changes which would take too many such steps to accomplish. Furthermore, target site changes often cancel themselves out by continual gains and losses. The results suggest that the FGM postulate may be most appropriate for phenotypic fine-tuning near the expression optimum. In contrast, longterm expression evolution may occasionally take large steps (e.g., mutations in transcription factors) when big environmental shift happens. In another study (Lu et al. 2021), we further show how the small-step evolution of expression phenotypes is a manifestation of miRNAs role in developmental canalization. In conclusion, the rules of phenotypic evolution may depend crucially on the genetics of the phenotype, rather than its metric properties.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, G.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liufu, Z.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruan, Y.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.-I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.24.497468</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gene expression as phenotype - Many small-step changes leading to little long-term phenotypic evolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.06.498845v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Diversity and task-dependence of task representations in V1 during freely-moving decisions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.06.498845v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurons in primary visual cortex (area V1) are strongly driven by both sensory stimuli and non-sensory events. However, although the representation of sensory stimuli has been well characterized, much less is known about the representation of non-sensory events. Here, we characterize the specificity and organization of non-sensory representations in rat V1 during a freely-moving visual decision task. We find that single neurons encode diverse combinations of task features simultaneously and across task epochs. Despite heterogeneity at the level of single neuron response patterns, both visual and non-visual task variables could be reliably decoded from small neural populations (5-40 units) throughout a trial. Interestingly, in animals trained to make an auditory decision following passive observation of a visual stimulus, some but not all task features could also be decoded from V1 activity. Our results support the view that even in V1-- the earliest stage of the cortical hierarchy--bottom-up sensory information is combined with top-down non-sensory information in a task-dependent manner.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zador, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.06.498845</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Diversity and task-dependence of task representations in V1 during freely-moving decisions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.29.502011v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Establishing Physalis as a new Solanaceae model system enables genetic reevaluation of the inflated calyx syndrome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.29.502011v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The highly diverse Solanaceae family contains several widely studied model and crop species. Fully exploring, appreciating, and exploiting this diversity requires additional model systems. Particularly promising are orphan fruit crops in the genus Physalis, which occupy a key evolutionary position in the Solanaceae and capture understudied variation in traits such as inflorescence complexity, fruit ripening and metabolites, disease and insect resistance, self-compatibility, and most notable, the striking Inflated Calyx Syndrome (ICS), an evolutionary novelty found across angiosperms where sepals grow exceptionally large to encapsulate fruits in a protective husk. We recently developed transformation and genome editing in Physalis grisea (groundcherry). However, to systematically explore and unlock the potential of this and related Physalis as genetic systems, high-quality genome assemblies are needed. Here, we present chromosome-scale references for P. grisea and its close relative P. pruinosa and use these resources to study natural and engineered variation in floral traits. We first rapidly identified a natural structural variant in a bHLH gene that causes petal color variation. Further, and against expectations, we found that CRISPR-Cas9 targeted mutagenesis of 11 MADS-box genes, including purported essential regulators of ICS, had no effect on inflation. In a forward genetics screen, we identified huskless, which lacks ICS due to mutation of an AP2-like gene that causes sepals and petals to merge into a single whorl of mixed identity. These resources and findings elevate Physalis to a new Solanaceae model system, and establish a new paradigm for the search of factors driving ICS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alonge, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramakrishnan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benoit, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soyk, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reem, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hendelman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Eck, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schatz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lippman, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.29.502011</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Establishing Physalis as a new Solanaceae model system enables genetic reevaluation of the inflated calyx syndrome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.31.502046v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Expansion Sequencing of RNA Barcoded Neurons in the Mammalian Brain: Progress and Implications for Molecularly Annotated Connectomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.31.502046v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mapping and molecularly annotating mammalian neural circuits is challenging due to the inability to uniquely label cells while also resolving subcellular features such as synaptic proteins or fine cellular processes. We argue that an ideal technology for connectomics would have the following characteristics: the capacity for robust distance-independent labeling, synaptic resolution, molecular interrogation, and scalable computational methods. The recent development of high-diversity cellular barcoding with RNA has provided a way to overcome the labeling limitations associated with spectral dyes, however performing all-optical circuit mapping has not been demonstrated because no method exists to image barcodes throughout cells at synaptic-resolution. Here we show ExBarSeq, an integrated method combining in situ sequencing of RNA barcodes, immunostaining, and Expansion Microscopy coupled with an end-to-end software pipeline that automatically extracts barcode identities from large imaging datasets without data processing bottlenecks. As a proof of concept, we applied ExBarSeq to thick tissue sections from mice virally infected with MAPseq viral vectors and demonstrated the extraction of 50 barcoded cells in the visual cortex as well as cell morphologies uncovered via immunostaining. The current work demonstrates high resolution multiplexing of exogenous barcodes and endogenous synaptic proteins and outlines a roadmap for molecularly annotated connectomics at a brain-wide scale.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Goodwin, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaughan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leible, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henry, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wassie, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sinha, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bando, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kajita, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marblestone, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zador, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyden, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Church, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kohman, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.31.502046</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Expansion Sequencing of RNA Barcoded Neurons in the Mammalian Brain: Progress and Implications for Molecularly Annotated Connectomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.02.502350v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Primary Somatosensory Cortex Bidirectionally Modulates Sensory Gain and Nociceptive Behavior in a Layer-Specific Manner 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.02.502350v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The primary somatosensory cortex (S1) is a hub for body sensation of both innocuous and noxious signals, yet its role in somatosensation versus pain is debated. Despite known contributions of S1 to sensory gain modulation, its causal involvement in subjective sensory experiences remains elusive. Here, in mouse S1, we reveal the involvement of cortical output neurons in layers 5 (L5) and 6 (L6) in the perception of innocuous and noxious somatosensory signals. We find that L6 activation can drive aversive hypersensitivity and spontaneous nocifensive behavior. Linking behavior to neuronal mechanisms, we find that L6 enhances thalamic somatosensory responses, and in parallel, strongly suppresses L5 neurons. Directly suppressing L5 reproduced the pronociceptive phenotype induced by L6 activation, suggesting an anti-nociceptive function for L5 output. Indeed, L5 activation reduced sensory sensitivity and reversed inflammatory allodynia. Together, these findings reveal a layer-specific and bidirectional role for S1 in modulating subjective sensory experiences.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ziegler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burghardt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Folkard, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antharvedi-Goda, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin-Cortecero, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isaias-Camacho, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaushalya, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuner, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mease, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Groh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.02.502350</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Primary Somatosensory Cortex Bidirectionally Modulates Sensory Gain and Nociceptive Behavior in a Layer-Specific Manner]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.11.503647v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intratumoral heterogeneity and clonal evolution induced by HPV integration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.11.503647v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human papillomavirus (HPV) genome is integrated into host DNA in most HPV-positive cancers, but the consequences for chromosomal integrity are unknown. Continuous long-read sequencing of oropharyngeal cancers and cancer cell lines revealed a unique form of structural variation, i.e., heterocateny, characterized by diverse, interrelated, and repetitive patterns of concatemerized virus and host DNA segments within a cancer. Unique breakpoint sequences shared across structural variants facilitated stepwise reconstruction of their evolution from a common molecular ancestor. This analysis revealed that virus and virus-host concatemers are unstable and, upon insertion into and excision from chromosomes, facilitate capture, amplification, and recombination of host DNA and chromosomal rearrangements. Evidence of heterocateny was detected in extrachromosomal and intrachromosomal DNA. The data indicate that heterocateny is driven by the dynamic, aberrant replication and recombination of an oncogenic DNA virus, thereby extending known consequences of HPV integration to include promotion of intratumoral heterogeneity and clonal evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Akagi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Symer, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahmoud, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodwin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wangsa, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunn, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCombie, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ried, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coombes, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sedlazeck, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillison, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.11.503647</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intratumoral heterogeneity and clonal evolution induced by HPV integration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.12.503780v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lipids Maintain Genomic Stability and Developmental Potency of Murine Pluripotent Stem Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.12.503780v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lipids play vital roles in cellular homeostasis and regulate pluripotency of human stem cells. However, the impact of lipids on murine pluripotent stem cells is unclear. While Mek1/2 and Gsk3{beta} inhibition ("2i") supports the maintenance of murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in a homogenous naive state, prolonged culture in 2i results in aneuploidy and DNA hypomethylation that impairs developmental potential. Additionally, 2i fails to support derivation and culture of fully potent female ESCs. Here we find that mouse ESCs cultured in 2i/LIF supplemented with lipid-rich albumin (AlbuMAX) undergo pluripotency transition yet maintain genomic stability and full potency over long-term culture. Mechanistically, lipids in AlbuMAX impact intracellular metabolism including nucleotide biosynthesis, lipid biogenesis, and TCA cycle intermediates, with enhanced expression of ZCAN4 and DNMT3s that prevent telomere shortening and DNA hypomethylation. In concert with 2i, lipids induce a formative-like pluripotent state through direct stimulation of Mek-mediated Erk2 phosphorylation, which also alleviates X chromosome loss in female ESCs. Importantly, both male and female "all-ESC" mice can be generated from de novo derived ESCs using AlbuMAX-based media. Our findings underscore the importance of lipids to pluripotency and link nutrient cues to genome integrity in early development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordillo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soshnev, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nanjangud, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allis, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carey, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.12.503780</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lipids Maintain Genomic Stability and Developmental Potency of Murine Pluripotent Stem Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.07.506982v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell transcriptomics of resected human traumatic brain injury tissues reveals acute activation of endogenous retroviruses in oligodendrocytes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.07.506982v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of chronic brain impairment and results in a robust, but poorly understood, neuroinflammatory response that contributes to the long-term pathology. We used snRNA-seq to study transcriptomic changes in different cell populations in human brain tissue obtained acutely after severe, life-threatening TBI. This revealed a unique transcriptional response in oligodendrocyte precursors and mature oligodendrocytes, including the activation of a robust innate immune response, indicating an important role for oligodendroglia in the initiation of neuroinflammation. The activation of an innate immune response correlated with transcriptional upregulation of endogenous retroviruses in oligodendroglia. This observation was causally linked in vitro using human glial progenitors, implicating these ancient viral sequences in human neuroinflammation. In summary, this work provides a unique insight into the initiating events of the neuroinflammatory response in TBI, which has new therapeutic implications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Garza, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atacho, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamdeh, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonsson, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ingelsson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jern, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammell, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Englund, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jakobsson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marklund, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.07.506982</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell transcriptomics of resected human traumatic brain injury tissues reveals acute activation of endogenous retroviruses in oligodendrocytes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.19.508480v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative transcriptomics reveals human-specific cortical features 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.19.508480v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Humans have unique cognitive abilities among primates, including language, but their molecular, cellular, and circuit substrates are poorly understood. We used comparative single nucleus transcriptomics in adult humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, rhesus macaques, and common marmosets from the middle temporal gyrus (MTG) to understand human-specific features of cellular and molecular organization. Human, chimpanzee, and gorilla MTG showed highly similar cell type composition and laminar organization, and a large shift in proportions of deep layer intratelencephalic-projecting neurons compared to macaque and marmoset. Species differences in gene expression generally mirrored evolutionary distance and were seen in all cell types, although chimpanzees were more similar to gorillas than humans, consistent with faster divergence along the human lineage. Microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes showed accelerated gene expression changes compared to neurons or oligodendrocyte precursor cells, indicating either relaxed evolutionary constraints or positive selection in these cell types. Only a few hundred genes showed human-specific patterning in all or specific cell types, and were significantly enriched near human accelerated regions (HARs) and conserved deletions (hCONDELS) and in cell adhesion and intercellular signaling pathways. These results suggest that relatively few cellular and molecular changes uniquely define adult human cortical structure, particularly by affecting circuit connectivity and glial cell function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jorstad, N. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, J. H. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Exposito-Alonso, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suresh, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castro, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krienen, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yanny, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Close, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gelfand, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Travaglini, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beaudin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertagnolli, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crow, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, S.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eggermont, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glandon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldy, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kroes, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMillen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rimorin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siletti, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Somasundaram, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tieu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torkelson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ward, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hopkins, W. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hollt, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keene, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Linnarsson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCarroll, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lelieveldt, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sherwood, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walsh, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lein, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodge, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakken, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.19.508480</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative transcriptomics reveals human-specific cortical features]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.20.508736v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Conserved coexpression at single cell resolution across primate brains 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.20.508736v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Enhanced cognitive function in humans is hypothesized to result from cortical expansion and increased cellular diversity. However, the mechanisms that drive these phenotypic differences remain poorly understood, in part due to the lack of high-quality cellular resolution data in human and non-human primates. Here, we take advantage of single cell expression data from the middle temporal gyrus of five primates (human, chimp, gorilla, macaque and marmoset) to identify 57 homologous cell types and generate cell-type specific gene coexpression networks for comparative analysis. While ortholog expression patterns are generally well conserved, we find 24% of genes with extensive differences between human and non-human primates (3383/14,131), which are also associated with multiple brain disorders. To validate these observations, we perform a meta-analysis of coexpression networks across 19 animals, and find that a subset of these genes have deeply conserved coexpression across all non-human animals, and strongly divergent coexpression relationships in humans (139/3383, <1% of primate orthologs). Genes with human-specific cellular expression and coexpression networks (like NHEJ1, GTF2H2, C2 and BBS5) typically evolve under relaxed selective constraints and may drive rapid evolutionary change in brain function.

One Sentence SummaryCross-primate middle temporal gyrus single cell expression data reveals patterns of conservation and divergence that can be validated with population coexpression networks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Suresh, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crow, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jorstad, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodge, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lein, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakken, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.20.508736</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Conserved coexpression at single cell resolution across primate brains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.26.509508v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Circadian rhythm orthologs drive pulses of heterochronic miRNA transcription in C. elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.26.509508v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Developmental robustness relies on precise control of the timing and order of cellular events. In C. elegans, the invariant sequence of post-embryonic cell fate specification is controlled by oscillatory patterns of heterochronic microRNA transcription that are phase-locked with the larval molting cycle1-4. How these transcriptional patterns are generated and how microRNA dosage is controlled is unknown. Here we show that transcriptional pulses of the lin-4 heterochronic microRNA are produced by two nuclear hormone receptors, NHR-85 and NHR-23, whose mammalian orthologs, Rev-Erb and ROR, function in the circadian clock. While Rev-Erb and ROR play antagonistic roles in regulating once-daily transcription5-7, we find that NHR-85 and NHR-23 bind cooperatively as heterodimers to lin-4 regulatory elements to induce a single brief pulse of expression during each larval stage. We demonstrate that the timing and duration of lin-4 transcriptional pulses are programmed by the phased overlap of NHR-85 and NHR-23 protein expression and that these regulatory interactions are post-transcriptionally controlled by LIN-42, the circadian Period ortholog in C. elegans. These findings suggest that an evolutionary rewiring of the circadian clock machinery is co-opted in nematodes to generate periodic transcriptional patterns that define cell fate progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kinney, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stec, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hills-Muckey, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaremako, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshua-Tor, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keil, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammell, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.26.509508</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Circadian rhythm orthologs drive pulses of heterochronic miRNA transcription in C. elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.26.509520v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ten new high-quality genome assemblies for diverse bioenergy sorghum genotypes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.26.509520v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is an agriculturally and economically important staple crop that has immense potential as a bioenergy feedstock due to its relatively high productivity on marginal lands. To capitalize on and further improve sorghum as a potential source of sustainable biofuel, it is essential to understand the genomic mechanisms underlying complex traits related to yield, composition, and environmental adaptations. Expanding on a recently developed mapping population, we generated de novo genome assemblies for 10 parental genotypes from this population and identified a comprehensive set of over 24 thousand large structural variants (SVs) and over 10.5 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).These resources can be integrated into both ongoing and future mapping and trait discovery for sorghum and its myriad uses including food, feed, bioenergy, and increasingly as a carbon dioxide removal mechanism. We show that SVs and nonsynonymous SNPs are enriched in different gene categories, emphasizing the need for long read sequencing in crop species to identify novel variation. Furthermore, we highlight SVs and SNPs occurring in genes and pathways with known associations to critical bioenergy-related phenotypes and characterize the landscape of genetic differences between sweet and cellulosic genotypes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Voelker, W. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chougule, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexander, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ware, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Songsomboon, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ponce, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brenton, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boatwright, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.26.509520</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ten new high-quality genome assemblies for diverse bioenergy sorghum genotypes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.30.510381v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptional regulation and repressive condensates modulate a proliferative-invasive cellular switch in vivo 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.30.510381v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A growing body of evidence suggests that cell division and basement membrane invasion are mutually exclusive cellular behaviors. How cells switch between proliferative and invasive states is not well understood. Here, we investigated this dichotomy in vivo by examining two cell types in the developing Caenorhabditis elegans somatic gonad that derive from equipotent progenitors, but exhibit distinct cell behaviors: the post-mitotic, invasive anchor cell and the neighboring proliferative, non-invasive ventral uterine (VU) cells. We show that the fates of these cells post-specification are more plastic than previously appreciated and that levels of NHR-67 are important for discriminating between invasive and proliferative behavior. Transcription of nhr-67 is downregulated following post-translational degradation of its direct upstream regulator, HLH-2 (E/Daughterless) in VU cells. In the nuclei of VU cells, residual NHR-67 protein is compartmentalized into discrete punctae that are dynamic over the cell cycle and exhibit liquid-like properties. By screening for proteins that colocalize with NHR-67 punctae, we identified new regulators of uterine cell fate maintenance: homologs of the transcriptional co-repressor Groucho (UNC-37 and LSY-22), as well as the TCF/LEF homolog POP-1. We propose a model in which association of NHR-67 with the Groucho/TCF complex suppresses the default invasive state in non-invasive cells, which complements transcriptional regulation to add robustness to the proliferative-invasive cellular switch in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Medwig-Kinney, T. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinney, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, M. A. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yee, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sirota, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mullarkey, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Somineni, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hippler, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammell, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pani, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matus, D. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.30.510381</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptional regulation and repressive condensates modulate a proliferative-invasive cellular switch in vivo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.11.511732v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Designed active-site library reveals thousands of functional GFP variants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.11.511732v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mutations in a protein active site can lead to dramatic and useful changes in protein activity. The active site, however, is extremely sensitive to mutations due to a high density of molecular interactions, drastically reducing the likelihood of obtaining functional multipoint mutants. We introduce an atomistic and machine-learning-based approach, called htFuncLib, to design a sequence space in which mutations form low-energy combinations that mitigate the risk of incompatible interactions. We applied htFuncLib to the GFP chromophore-binding pocket, and, using fluorescence readout, recovered >16,000 unique designs encoding as many as eight active-site mutations. Many designs exhibit substantial and useful diversity in functional thermostability (up to 96 {degrees}C), fluorescence lifetime, and quantum yield. By eliminating incompatible active-site mutations, htFuncLib generates a large diversity of functional sequences. We envision that htFuncLib will be useful for one-shot optimization of activity in enzymes, binders, and other proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Weinstein, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aldaravi, C. M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lipsh-Sokolik, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoch, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liebermann, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nevo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weissman, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petrovich-Kopitman, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Margulies, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivankov, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCandlish, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleishman, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.11.511732</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Designed active-site library reveals thousands of functional GFP variants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.14.512315v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An expandable FLP-ON::TIR1 system for precise spatiotemporal protein degradation in C. elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.14.512315v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The auxin-inducible degradation system has been widely adopted in the C. elegans research community for its ability to empirically control the spatiotemporal expression of target proteins. This system can efficiently degrade auxin-inducible degron (AID)-tagged proteins via the expression of a ligand-activatable AtTIR1 protein derived from A. thaliana that adapts target proteins to the endogenous C. elegans proteosome. While broad expression of AtTIR1 using strong, ubiquitous promoters can lead to rapid degradation of AID-tagged proteins, cell type-specific expression of AtTIR1 using spatially restricted promoters often results in less efficient target protein degradation. To circumvent this limitation, we have developed a FLP/FRT3-based system that functions to reanimate a dormant, high-powered promoter that can drive sufficient AtTIR1expression in a cell type-specific manner. We benchmark the utility of this system by generating a number of tissue specific FLP-ON::TIR1 drivers to reveal genetically separable cell type-specific phenotypes for several target proteins. We also demonstrate that the FLP-ON::TIR1 system is compatible with enhanced degron epitopes. Finally, we provide an expandable toolkit utilizing the basic FLP-ON::TIR1 system that can be adapted to drive optimized AtTIR1expression in any tissue or cell type of interest.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xiao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yee, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, M. A. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, C. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matus, D. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammell, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.14.512315</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An expandable FLP-ON::TIR1 system for precise spatiotemporal protein degradation in C. elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.19.512929v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Model-based characterization of the equilibrium dynamics of transcription initiation and promoter-proximal pausing in human cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.19.512929v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In metazoans, both transcription initiation and the escape of RNA polymerase (RNAP) from promoter-proximal pausing are key rate-limiting steps in gene expression. These processes play out at physically proximal sites on the DNA template and appear to influence one another through steric interactions, leading to a complex dynamic equilibrium in RNAP occupancy of the ~100 bp immediately downstream of the transcription start site. In this article, we examine the dynamics of these processes using a combination of statistical modeling, simulation, and analysis of real nascent RNA sequencing data. We develop a simple probabilistic model that jointly describes the kinetics of transcription initiation, pause-escape, and elongation, and the generation of nascent RNA sequencing read counts under steady-state conditions. We then extend this initial model to allow for variability across cells in promoter-proximal pause site locations and steric hindrance of transcription initiation from paused RNAPs. In an extensive series of simulations over a broad range of parameters, we show that this model enables accurate estimation of initiation and pause-escape rates even in the presence of collisions between RNAPs and variable elongation rates. Furthermore, we show by simulation and analysis of data for human cell lines that pause-escape is often more strongly rate-limiting than conventional "pausing indices" would suggest, that occupancy of the pause site is elevated at many genes, and that steric hindrance of initiation can lead to a pronounced reduction in apparent initiation rates. Our modeling framework is generally applicable for all types of nascent RNA sequencing data and can be applied to a variety of inference problems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siepel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.19.512929</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Model-based characterization of the equilibrium dynamics of transcription initiation and promoter-proximal pausing in human cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.27.513845v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Translesion DNA synthesis polymerase kappa functions in the nucleolar stress response 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.27.513845v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DNA polymerase kappa (Pol{kappa}) has multiple cellular roles such as translesion DNA synthesis, replication of repetitive sequences and nucleotide excision repair. However, the mechanisms regulating Pol{kappa}s cellular activities are unknown. Since all polymerases insert the canonical deoxynucleotide triphosphates, it is difficult to determine which polymerase is active at a particular genomic site. To counter this difficulty, we utilized the selective Pol{kappa} substrate, N2-(4-ethynylbenyl)-2-deoxyguanosine (EBndG), as bait to capture proteins associated with Pol{kappa} synthesized DNA. Here we show that, Pol{kappa} is active in the nucleolus and Pol{kappa} synthesized DNA are enriched with nucleolar proteins. Exposure of cells to benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE) induced hallmarks of nucleolar stress, increased Pol{kappa} stability and nucleolar activity. Other agents that induce nucleolar stress such as mitomycin C, cisplatin and actinomycin D also increased Pol{kappa}s nucleolar activity. The Pol{kappa} activity was cell-cycle independent and dependent on PCNA ubiquitination. In addition, we identified that the expression and activity of Pol{kappa} is regulated by the polycomb complex protein Ring Finger Protein 2 (RNF2) and by poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) catalyzed PARylation. This study provides insight into the novel role of Pol{kappa} in ribosomal RNA synthesis, in maintaining ribosomal DNA integrity after DNA damage thus protecting the cells from nucleolar stress.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Paul, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rebok, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cifani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spratt, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.27.513845</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Translesion DNA synthesis polymerase kappa functions in the nucleolar stress response]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.26.513573v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Data Ecosystem: A User's Guide 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.26.513573v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Characterizing cellular diversity at different levels of biological organization across data modalities is a prerequisite to understanding the function of cell types in the brain. Classification of neurons is also required to manipulate cell types in controlled ways, and to understand their variation and vulnerability in brain disorders. The BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network (BICCN) is an integrated network of data generating centers, data archives and data standards developers, with the goal of systematic multimodal brain cell type profiling and characterization. Emphasis of the BICCN is on the whole mouse brain and demonstration of prototypes for human and non-human primate (NHP) brains. Here, we provide a guide to the cellular and spatial approaches employed, and to accessing and using the BICCN data and its extensive resources, including the BRAIN Cell Data Center (BCDC) which serves to manage and integrate data across the ecosystem. We illustrate the power of the BICCN data ecosystem through vignettes highlighting several BICCN analysis and visualization tools. Finally, we present emerging standards that have been developed or adopted by the BICCN toward FAIR (Wilkinson et al. 2016a) neuroscience. The combined BICCN ecosystem provides a comprehensive resource for the exploration and analysis of cell types in the brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>BICCN Data Ecosytem Collaboration,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawrylycz, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martone, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hof, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lein, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Regev, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ascoli, G. A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bjaalie, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, H.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hertzano, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haynor, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitra, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukamel, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osumi-Sutherland, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ray, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ropelewski, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheuermann, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, S. Z. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tickle, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tilgner, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varghese, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wester, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aevermann, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allemang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ament, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Athey, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bandrowski, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bishwakarma, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carr, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choudhury, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.26.513573</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Data Ecosystem: A User's Guide]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.30.514441v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Breast cancer progression and metastasis to lymph nodes reveals cancer cell plasticity and MHC class II-mediated immune regulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.30.514441v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tumor-draining lymph nodes are critical sites for generating tumor antigen-specific T cells and are associated with durable immune responses. However, lymph nodes are often the first site of metastasis and lymph node metastases portend worse outcomes. Through cross-species single cell gene expression analysis of breast cancer progression and metastasis to lymph nodes, we uncovered features that define the heterogeneity, plasticity, and immune evasion of cancer cells. Notably, a subpopulation of metastatic cancer cells in the lymph node were marked by high levels of MHC class II (MHC-II) gene expression both in mice and humans. Mechanistically, the IFN-{gamma} and JAK/STAT signaling pathways mediate MHC-II expression in cancer cells. Ablation of IFNGR1/2 or CIITA, the transactivator of MHC-II, in cancer cells prevented tumor progression. Interestingly, MHC-II+ cancer cells lacked co-stimulatory molecule expression, engendered the expansion of regulatory T cells and blunted CD4+ effector T cells in the tumor-draining lymph nodes and favor tumor progression. Overall, our data suggests that cancer cell plasticity during breast cancer progression and metastasis to lymph nodes endows metastatic cells with the ability to avoid immune surveillance. These data provide the basis for new opportunities to therapeutically stimulate anti-cancer immune responses against local and systemic metastases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lei, P.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pereira, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersson, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amoozgar, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wijnbergen, J. W. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Melia, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatterjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, W. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Posada, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morita, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ergin, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beyaz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Padera, T. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.30.514441</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Breast cancer progression and metastasis to lymph nodes reveals cancer cell plasticity and MHC class II-mediated immune regulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.03.515117v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolution-inspired augmentations improve deep learning for regulatory genomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.03.515117v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Deep neural networks (DNNs) hold promise for functional genomics prediction, but their generalization capability may be limited by the amount of available data. To address this, we propose EvoAug, a suite of evolution-inspired augmentations that enhance the training of genomic DNNs by increasing genetic variation. However, random transformation of DNA sequences can potentially alter their function in unknown ways. Thus, we employ a fine-tuning procedure using the original non-transformed data to preserve functional integrity. Our results demonstrate that EvoAug substantially improves the generalization and interpretability of established DNNs across prominent regulatory genomics prediction tasks, offering a robust solution for genomic DNNs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toneyan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koo, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.03.515117</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolution-inspired augmentations improve deep learning for regulatory genomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.06.515349v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptomic cytoarchitecture reveals principles of human neocortex organization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.06.515349v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Variation in cortical cytoarchitecture is the basis for histology-based definition of cortical areas, such as Brodmann areas. Single cell transcriptomics enables higher-resolution characterization of cell types in human cortex, which we used to revisit the idea of the canonical cortical microcircuit and to understand functional areal specialization. Deeply sampled single nucleus RNA-sequencing of eight cortical areas spanning cortical structural variation showed highly consistent cellular makeup for 24 coarse cell subclasses. However, proportions of excitatory neuron subclasses varied strikingly, reflecting differences in intra- and extracortical connectivity across primary sensorimotor and association cortices. Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes also showed differences in laminar organization across areas. Primary visual cortex showed dramatically different organization, including major differences in the ratios of excitatory to inhibitory neurons, expansion of layer 4 excitatory neuron types and specialized inhibitory neurons. Finally, gene expression variation in conserved neuron subclasses predicts differences in synaptic function across areas. Together these results provide a refined cellular and molecular characterization of human cortical cytoarchitecture that reflects functional connectivity and predicts areal specialization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jorstad, N. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Close, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johansen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yanny, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barkan, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Travaglini, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertagnolli, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campos, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casper, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crichton, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dee, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, S.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gelfand, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldy, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirschstein, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kroll, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kunst, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lathia, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMillen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rimorin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruiz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shapovalova, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shehata, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siletti, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Somasundaram, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sulc, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tieu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torkelson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tung, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ward, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Callaway, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hof, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keene, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levi, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Linnarsson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitra, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodge, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakken, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lein, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.06.515349</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptomic cytoarchitecture reveals principles of human neocortex organization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.06.515380v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modular cell type organization of cortical areas revealed by in situ sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.06.515380v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cortex is composed of neuronal types with diverse gene expression that are organized into specialized cortical areas. These areas, each with characteristic cytoarchitecture (Brodmann 1909; Vogt and Vogt 1919; Von Bonin 1947), connectivity (Zingg et al. 2014; Harris et al. 2019), and neuronal activity (Schwarz et al. 2008; Ferrarini et al. 2009; He et al. 2009; Meunier et al. 2010; Bertolero et al. 2015), are wired into modular networks (Zingg et al. 2014; Harris et al. 2019; Huang et al. 2020). However, it remains unclear whether cortical areas and their modular organization can be similarly defined by their transcriptomic signatures and how such signatures are established in development. Here we used BARseq, a high-throughput in situ sequencing technique, to interrogate the expression of 104 cell type marker genes in 10.3 million cells, including 4,194,658 cortical neurons over nine mouse forebrain hemispheres at cellular resolution. De novo clustering of gene expression in single neurons revealed transcriptomic types that were consistent with previous single-cell RNAseq studies(Yao et al. 2021a; Yao et al. 2021b). Gene expression and the distribution of fine-grained cell types vary along the contours of cortical areas, and the composition of transcriptomic types are highly predictive of cortical area identity. Moreover, areas with similar compositions of transcriptomic types, which we defined as cortical modules, overlap with areas that are highly connected, suggesting that the same modular organization is reflected in both transcriptomic signatures and connectivity. To explore how the transcriptomic profiles of cortical neurons depend on development, we compared the cell type distributions after neonatal binocular enucleation. Strikingly, binocular enucleation caused the cell type compositional profiles of visual areas to shift towards neighboring areas within the same cortical module, suggesting that peripheral inputs sharpen the distinct transcriptomic identities of areas within cortical modules. Enabled by the high-throughput, low-cost, and reproducibility of BARseq, our study provides a proof-of-principle for using large-scale in situ sequencing to reveal brain-wide molecular architecture and to understand its development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zador, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.06.515380</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modular cell type organization of cortical areas revealed by in situ sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.03.518964v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A cortical circuit for orchestrating oromanual food manipulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.03.518964v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The seamless coordination of hands and mouth--whether in humans eating corn on the cob or mice extracting sunflower seeds--represents one of evolutions most sophisticated motor achievements. Whereas spinal and brainstem circuits implement basic forelimb and orofacial actions, whether there is a specialized cortical circuit that assembles these actions to enable skilled oromanual manipulation remains unclear. Here, we discover a cortical area and its cell-type-specific circuitry that govern oromanual food manipulation in mice. An optogenetic screen of cortical areas and projection neuron types identified a rostral forelimb-orofacial area (RFO), wherein activation of pyramidal tract (PTFezf2) and intratelencephalic (ITPlxnD1) neurons induced concerted posture, forelimb and orofacial movements resembling eating. In a freely moving pasta-eating behavior, pharmacological RFO inactivation impaired the sitting posture, hand recruitment, and oromanual coordination in pasta eating. RFO PTFezf2 and ITPlxnD1 activity was closely correlated with oromanual pasta manipulation and hand-assisted biting. Optogenetic inhibition revealed that PTsFezf2 regulate dexterous hand and mouth movements while ITsPlxnD1 play a more prominent role in oromanual coordination. RFO forms the hub of an extensive network, with reciprocal connections to cortical forelimb and orofacial sensorimotor areas, as well as insular and visceral areas. Within this cortical network, RFO PTsFezf2 project unilaterally to multiple subcortical, brainstem and spinal areas associated with forelimb and orofacial control, while ITsPlxnD1 project bilaterally to the entire network and the ventrolateral striatum, and can mediate concurrent forelimb and mouth movement in part through their striatal projection. Together, these findings uncover the cell-type-specific implementation of a cortical circuit that orchestrates oromanual manipulation, essential for skilled feeding.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>An, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matho, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whishaw, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kepecs, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.03.518964</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A cortical circuit for orchestrating oromanual food manipulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.04.519053v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A circuit from the locus coeruleus to the anterior cingulate cortex modulates offspring interactions in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.04.519053v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Social sensitivity to other individuals in distress is crucial for survival. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is a structure involved in making behavioral choices and is influenced by observed pain or distress. Nevertheless, our understanding of the neural circuitry underlying this sensitivity is incomplete. Here, we reveal unexpected sex-dependent activation of ACC when parental mice respond to distressed pups by returning them to the nest ( pup retrieval). We observe sex differences in the interactions between excitatory and inhibitory ACC neurons during parental care, and inactivation of ACC excitatory neurons increased pup neglect. Locus coeruleus (LC) releases noradrenaline in ACC during pup retrieval, and inactivation of the LC-ACC pathway disrupts parental care. We conclude that ACC maintains sex-dependent sensitivity to pup distress under LC modulation. We propose that ACCs involvement in parenting presents an opportunity to identify neural circuits that support sensitivity to the emotional distress of others.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Corona, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choe, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munoz-Castaneda, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osten, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shea, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.04.519053</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A circuit from the locus coeruleus to the anterior cingulate cortex modulates offspring interactions in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.08.519599v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Snakeobjects: an object-oriented workflow management system 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.08.519599v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Snakemake is one of the most popular workflow management systems, particularly in biological sciences. Snakemake workflows are highly portable, scalable, and transparent. Moreover, they enable the painless reproduction of published results and adaption to similar data processing and analysis projects. Here we present Snakeobjects, an extension of Snakemake that considerably simplifies the development of workflows and improves their readability and adaptability while preserving all the benefits of Snakemake that ensure the large and growing community of its users.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yamrom, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y.-h.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marks, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chorbadjiev, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, H. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iossifov, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.08.519599</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Snakeobjects: an object-oriented workflow management system]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.21.521434v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An improved reference of the grapevine genome supports reasserting the origin of the PN40024 highly-homozygous genotype 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.21.521434v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The genome sequence assembly of the diploid and highly homozygous V. vinifera genotype PN40024 serves as the reference for many grapevine studies. Despite several improvements of the PN40024 genome assembly, its current version PN12X.v2 is quite fragmented and only represents the haploid state of the genome with mixed haplotypes. In fact, despite the PN40024 genome is nearly homozygous, it still contains various heterozygous regions. Taking the opportunity of the improvements that long-read sequencing technologies offer to fully discriminate haplotype sequences and considering that several Vitis sp. genomes have recently been assembled with these approaches, an improved version of the reference, called PN40024.v4, was generated.

Through incorporating long genomic sequencing reads to the assembly, the continuity of the 12X.v2 scaffolds was highly increased. The number of scaffolds decreased from 2,059 to 640 and the number of N bases was reduced by 88%. Additionally, the full alternative haplotype sequence was built for the first time, the chromosome anchoring was improved and the amount of unplaced scaffolds were reduced by half. To obtain a high-quality gene annotation that outperforms previous versions, a liftover approach was complemented with an optimized annotation workflow for Vitis. Integration of the gene reference catalogue and its manual curation have also assisted in improving the annotation, while defining the most reliable estimation to date of 35,230 genes. Finally, we demonstrate that PN40024 resulted from selfings of cv.  Helfensteiner (cross of cv.  Pinot noir and  Schiava grossa) instead of a single  Pinot noir. These advances will help maintaining the PN40024 genome as a gold-standard reference also contributing in the eventual elaboration of the grapevine pangenome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Velt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frommer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanc, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holtgräwe, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duchene, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dumas, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grimplet, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hugueney, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lahaye, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matus, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navarro-Paya, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orduna, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tello-Ruiz, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vitulo, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ware, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rustenholz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.21.521434</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An improved reference of the grapevine genome supports reasserting the origin of the PN40024 highly-homozygous genotype]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.30.522303v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Specificity, synergy, and mechanisms of splice-modifying drugs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.30.522303v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Drugs that target pre-mRNA splicing hold great therapeutic potential, but the quantitative understanding of how these drugs work is limited. Here we introduce mechanistically interpretable quantitative models for the sequence-specific and concentration-dependent behavior of splice-modifying drugs. Using massively parallel splicing assays, RNA-seq experiments, and precision dose-response curves, we obtain quantitative models for two small-molecule drugs, risdiplam and branaplam, developed for treating spinal muscular atrophy. The results quantitatively characterize the specificities of risdiplam and branaplam for 5 splice site sequences, suggest that branaplam recognizes 5 splice sites via two distinct interaction modes, and disprove the prevailing two-site hypothesis for risdiplam activity at SMN2 exon 7. The results also show that anomalous single-drug cooperativity, as well as multi-drug synergy, are widespread among small-molecule drugs and antisense-oligonucleotide drugs that promote exon inclusion. Our quantitative models thus clarify the mechanisms of existing treatments and provide a basis for the rational development of new therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ishigami, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marti-Gomez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayaz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kooshkbaghi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCandlish, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krainer, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinney, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.30.522303</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Specificity, synergy, and mechanisms of splice-modifying drugs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.09.523344v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Oncogene-like addiction to aneuploidy in human cancers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.09.523344v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most cancers exhibit aneuploidy, but its functional significance in tumor development is controversial. Here, we describe ReDACT (Restoring Disomy in Aneuploid cells using CRISPR Targeting), a set of chromosome engineering tools that allow us to eliminate specific aneuploidies from cancer genomes. Using ReDACT, we created a panel of isogenic cells that have or lack common aneuploidies, and we demonstrate that trisomy of chromosome 1q is required for malignant growth in cancers harboring this alteration. Mechanistically, gaining chromosome 1q increases the expression of MDM4 and suppresses TP53 signaling, and we show that TP53 mutations are mutually-exclusive with 1q aneuploidy in human cancers. Thus, specific aneuploidies play essential roles in tumorigenesis, raising the possibility that targeting these "aneuploidy addictions" could represent a novel approach for cancer treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Girish, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lakhani, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scaduto, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagenson, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sausville, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendelson, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lukow, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kandikuppa, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevens, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salovska, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martienssen, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheltzer, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.09.523344</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Oncogene-like addiction to aneuploidy in human cancers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.12.523716v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Area postrema neurons mediate interleukin-6 function in cancer-associated cachexia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.12.523716v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been long considered a key player in cancer-associated cachexia1-15. It is believed that sustained elevation of IL-6 production during cancer progression causes brain dysfunctions, which ultimately result in cachexia16-20. However, how peripheral IL-6 influences the brain remains poorly understood. Here we show that neurons in the area postrema (AP), a circumventricular structure in the hindbrain, mediate the function of IL-6 in cancer-associated cachexia in mice. We found that circulating IL-6 can rapidly enter the AP and activate AP neurons. Peripheral tumor, known to increase circulating IL-61-5,15,18,21-23, leads to elevated IL-6 and neuronal hyperactivity in the AP, and causes potentiated excitatory synaptic transmission onto AP neurons. Remarkably, neutralization of IL-6 in the brain of tumor-bearing mice with an IL-6 antibody prevents cachexia, reduces the hyperactivity in an AP network, and markedly prolongs lifespan. Furthermore, suppression of Il6ra, the gene encoding IL-6 receptor, specifically in AP neurons with CRISPR/dCas9 interference achieves similar effects. Silencing of Gfral-expressing AP neurons also ameliorates the cancer-associated cachectic phenotypes and AP network hyperactivity. Our study identifies a central mechanism underlying the function of peripheral IL-6, which may serve as a target for treating cancer-associated cachexia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van de Lisdonk, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gegenhuber, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tollkuhn, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janowitz, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.12.523716</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Area postrema neurons mediate interleukin-6 function in cancer-associated cachexia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.15.524001v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cryptochromes and UBP12/13 deubiquitinases antagonistically regulate DNA damage response in Arabidopsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.15.524001v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cryptochromes (CRYs) are evolutionarily conserved blue-light receptors that evolved from bacterial photolyases that repair damaged DNA. Today, CRYs have lost their ability to repair damaged DNA; however, prior reports suggest that human CRYs can respond to DNA damage. Currently, the role of CRYs in the DNA damage response (DDR) is lacking, especially in plants. Therefore, we evaluated the role of plant CRYs in DDR along with UBP12/13 deubiquitinases, which interact with and regulate the CRY2 protein. We found that cry1cry2 was hypersensitive, while ubp12ubp13 was hyposensitive to UVC-induced DNA damage. Elevated UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and the lack of DNA repair protein RAD51 accumulation in cry1cry2 plants indicate that CRYs are required for DNA repair. On the contrary, CPD levels diminished and RAD51 protein levels elevated in plants lacking UBP12 and UBP13, indicating their role in DDR repression. Temporal transcriptomic analysis revealed that DDR-induced transcriptional responses were subdued in cry1cry2, but elevated in ubp12ubp13 compared to WT. Through transcriptional modeling of the timecourse transcriptome, we found that genes quickly induced by UVC (15 min) are targets of CAMTA 1-3 transcription factors, which we found are required for DDR. This transcriptional regulation seems, however, diminished in the cry1cry2 mutant, indicating that CAMTAs are required for CRY2-mediated DDR. Furthermore, we observed enhanced CRY2-UBP13 interaction and formation of CRY2 nuclear speckles under UVC, suggesting that UVC activates CRY2 similarly to blue light. Together, our data reveal the temporal dynamics of the transcriptional events underlying UVC-induced genotoxicity and expand our knowledge of the role of CRY and UBP12/13 in DDR.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosado, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindback, L. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Micko, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pedmale, U. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.15.524001</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cryptochromes and UBP12/13 deubiquitinases antagonistically regulate DNA damage response in Arabidopsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.17.524395v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Light and temperature regulate m6A-RNA modification to regulate growth in plants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.17.524395v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
N6-methyladenosine is a highly dynamic, abundant mRNA modification which is an excellent potential mechanism for fine tuning gene expression. Plants adapt to their surrounding light and temperature environment using complex gene regulatory networks. The role of m6A in controlling gene expression in response to variable environmental conditions has so far been unexplored. Here, we map the transcriptome-wide m6A landscape under various light and temperature environments. Identified m6A-modifications show a highly specific spatial distribution along transcripts with enrichment occurring in 5UTR regions and around transcriptional end sites. We show that the position of m6A modifications on transcripts might influence cellular transcript localization and the presence of m6A-modifications is associated with alternative polyadenylation, a process which results in multiple RNA isoforms with varying 3UTR lengths. RNA with m6A-modifications exhibit a higher preference for shorter 3UTRs. These shorter 3UTR regions might directly influence transcript abundance and localization by including or excluding cis-regulatory elements. We propose that environmental stimuli might change the m6A landscape of plants as one possible way of fine tuning gene regulation through alternative polyadenylation and transcript localization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Artz, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ackermann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pedmale, U. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.17.524395</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Light and temperature regulate m6A-RNA modification to regulate growth in plants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.18.524407v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-throughput sequencing of macaque basolateral amygdala projections reveals dissociable connectional motifs with frontal cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.18.524407v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The basolateral amygdala (BLA) projects widely across the macaque frontal cortex1-4, and amygdalo-frontal projections are critical for optimal emotional responding5 and decision- making6. Yet, little is known about the single-neuron architecture of these projections: namely, whether single BLA neurons project to multiple parts of the frontal cortex. Here, we use MAPseq7 to determine the projection patterns of over 3000 macaque BLA neurons. We found that one-third of BLA neurons have two or more distinct targets in parts of frontal cortex and of subcortical structures. Further, we reveal non-random structure within these branching patterns such that neurons with four targets are more frequently observed than those with two or three, indicative of widespread networks. Consequently, these multi-target single neurons form distinct networks within medial and ventral frontal cortex consistent with their known functions in regulating mood and decision-making. Additionally, we show that branching patterns of single neurons shape functional networks in the brain as assessed by fMRI-based functional connectivity. These results provide a neuroanatomical basis for the role of the BLA in coordinating brain-wide responses to valent stimuli8 and highlight the importance of high- resolution neuroanatomical data for understanding functional networks in the brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zeisler, Z. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>London, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janssen, W. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fredericks, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elorette, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujimoto, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russ, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clem, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hof, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoll, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rudebeck, P. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.18.524407</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-throughput sequencing of macaque basolateral amygdala projections reveals dissociable connectional motifs with frontal cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.20.524887v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of glioblastoma stem cell-associated lncRNAs using single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.20.524887v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive, heterogeneous grade IV brain tumor. Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) initiate the tumor and are known culprits of therapy resistance. Mounting evidence has demonstrated a regulatory role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in various biological processes, including pluripotency, differentiation, and tumorigenesis. A few studies have suggested that aberrant expression of lncRNAs is associated with GSCs. However, a comprehensive single-cell analysis of the GSC-associated lncRNA transcriptome has not been carried out. Here, we analyzed recently published single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets of adult human GBM tumors, GBM organoids, GSC-enriched GBM tumors, and developing human brains to identify lncRNAs highly expressed in GBM. To categorize GSC populations in the GBM tumors, we used the GSC marker genes SOX2, PROM1, FUT4, and L1CAM. We found three major GSC population clusters: radial glia, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, and neurons. We found 10-100 lncRNAs significantly enriched in different GSC populations. We also validated the level of expression and localization of several GSC-enriched lncRNAs using qRT-PCR, single-molecule RNA FISH, and sub-cellular fractionation. We found that the radial glia GSC-enriched lncRNA PANTR1 is highly expressed in GSC lines and is localized to both the cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions. In contrast, the neuronal GSC-enriched lncRNAs LINC01563 and MALAT1 are highly enriched in the nuclear fraction of GSCs. Together, this study identified a panel of uncharacterized GSC-specific lncRNAs. These findings set the stage for future in-depth studies to examine their role in GBM pathology and their potential as biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets in GBM.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hazra, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Utama, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naik, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spector, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.20.524887</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of glioblastoma stem cell-associated lncRNAs using single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.23.525252v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural dynamics in the rodent motor cortex enables flexible control of vocal timing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.23.525252v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neocortical activity is thought to mediate voluntary control over vocal production, but the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. In a highly vocal rodent, the Al-stons singing mouse, we investigate neural dynamics in the orofacial motor cortex (OMC), a structure critical for vocal behavior. We first describe neural activity that is modulated by component notes (approx. 100 ms), likely representing sensory feed-back. At longer timescales, however, OMC neurons exhibit diverse and often persistent premotor firing patterns that stretch or compress with song duration (approx. 10 s). Using computational modeling, we demonstrate that such temporal scaling, acting via downstream motor production circuits, can enable vocal flexibility. These results provide a framework for studying hierarchical control circuits, a common design principle across many natural and artificial systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Druckmann, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.23.525252</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural dynamics in the rodent motor cortex enables flexible control of vocal timing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.28.526061v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Duck pan-genome reveals two transposon-derived structural variations caused bodyweight enlarging and white plumage phenotype formation during evolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.28.526061v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Structural variations (SVs) are a major source of domestication and improvement traits, however SV profiles of duck and their phenotypic impacts largely hidden. We present the first duck pan-genome constructed using five genome assemblies capturing [~]40.98 Mb new sequences. This pan-genome together with high-depth sequencing data ([~]46.5X) identified 101,041 SVs, of which substantial proportions were derived from transposable element (TE) activity. Many TE-derived SVs anchoring in a gene body or regulatory region are linked to ducks domestication and improvement. By combining quantitative genetics with molecular experiments, we dissect how TE-derived SVs change gene expression of IGF2BP1 and generate a novel transcript of MITF, shaping bodyweight and white plumage. In the IGF2BP1 locus, the TE-derived SV explains the largest effect on bodyweight among avian species (27.61% of phenotypic variation). Our findings highlight the importance of using a pan-genome as a reference in genomics studies and explore the roles of TE-derived SVs in trait formation and in livestock breeding.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hua, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheben, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.28.526061</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Duck pan-genome reveals two transposon-derived structural variations caused bodyweight enlarging and white plumage phenotype formation during evolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.30.526321v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Selective deletion of Methyl CpG binding protein 2 from parvalbumin interneurons in the auditory cortex delays the onset of maternal retrieval in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.30.526321v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mutations in MECP2 cause the neurodevelopmental disorder Rett syndrome. MECP2 codes for methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2), a transcriptional regulator that activates genetic programs for experience-dependent plasticity. Many neural and behavioral symptoms of Rett syndrome may result from dysregulated timing and threshold for plasticity. As a model of adult plasticity, we examine changes to auditory cortex inhibitory circuits in female mice when they are first exposed to pups; this plasticity facilitates behavioral responses to pups emitting distress calls. Brain-wide deletion of Mecp2 alters expression of markers associated with GABAergic parvalbumin interneurons (PVin) and impairs the emergence of pup retrieval. We hypothesized that loss of Mecp2 in PVin disproportionately contributes to the phenotype. Here we find that deletion of Mecp2 from PVin delayed the onset of maternal retrieval behavior and recapitulated the major molecular and neurophysiological features of brain-wide deletion of Mecp2. We observed that when PVin-selective mutants were exposed to pups, auditory cortical expression of PVin markers increased relative to that in wild type littermates. PVin-specific mutants also failed to show the inhibitory auditory cortex plasticity seen in wild type mice upon exposure to pups and their vocalizations. Finally, using an intersectional viral genetic strategy, we demonstrate that post-developmental loss of Mecp2 in PVin of the auditory cortex is sufficient to delay onset of maternal retrieval. Our results support a model in which PVin play a central role in adult cortical plasticity and may be particularly impaired by loss of Mecp2.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRett syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder that includes deficits in both communication and the ability to update brain connections and activity during learning ( plasticity). This condition is caused by mutations in the gene MECP2. We use a maternal behavioral test in mice requiring both vocal perception and neural plasticity to probe Mecp2s role in social and sensory learning. Mecp2 is normally active in all brain cells, but here we remove it from a specific population ( parvalbumin neurons). We find that this is sufficient to delay learned behavioral responses to pups and recreates many deficits seen in whole brain Mecp2 deletion. Our findings suggest that parvalbumin neurons specifically are central to the consequences of loss of Mecp2 activity and yield clues as to possible mechanisms by which Rett syndrome impairs brain function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rupert, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pagliaro, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choe, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shea, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.30.526321</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Selective deletion of Methyl CpG binding protein 2 from parvalbumin interneurons in the auditory cortex delays the onset of maternal retrieval in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.31.526457v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stable sound decoding despite modulated sound representation in the auditory cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.31.526457v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The activity of neurons in the auditory cortex is driven by both sounds and non-sensory context. To investigate the neuronal correlates of non-sensory context, we trained head-fixed mice to perform a two-alternative choice auditory task in which either reward or stimulus expectation (prior) was manipulated in blocks. Using two-photon calcium imaging to record populations of single neurons in auditory cortex, we found that both stimulus and reward expectation modulated the activity of these neurons. A linear decoder trained on this population activity could decode stimuli as well or better than predicted by the animals performance. Interestingly, the optimal decoder was stable even in the face of variable sensory representations. Neither the context nor the mouses choice could be reliably decoded from the recorded neural activity. Our findings suggest that in spite of modulation of auditory cortical activity by task priors, auditory cortex does not represent sufficient information about these priors to exploit them optimally and that decisions in this task require that rapidly changing sensory information be combined with more slowly varying task information extracted and represented in brain regions other than auditory cortex.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Funamizu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marbach, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zador, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.31.526457</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stable sound decoding despite modulated sound representation in the auditory cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.10.528023v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Histone demethylase KDM2A is a selective vulnerability of cancers relying on alternative telomere maintenance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.10.528023v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Telomere length maintenance is essential for cellular immortalization and tumorigenesis. 5% - 10% of human cancers rely on a recombination-based mechanism termed alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) to sustain their replicative immortality, yet there are currently no targeted therapies. Through CRISPR/Cas9-based genetic screens in an ALT-immortalized isogenic cellular model, here we identify histone lysine demethylase KDM2A as a molecular vulnerability selectively for cells contingent on ALT-dependent telomere maintenance. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that KDM2A is required for dissolution of the ALT-specific telomere clusters following homology-directed telomere DNA synthesis. We show that KDM2A promotes de-clustering of ALT multitelomeres through facilitating isopeptidase SENP6-mediated SUMO deconjugation at telomeres. Inactivation of KDM2A or SENP6 impairs post-recombination telomere de-SUMOylation and thus dissolution of ALT telomere clusters, leading to gross chromosome missegregation and mitotic cell death. These findings together establish KDM2A as a selective molecular vulnerability and a promising drug target for ALT-dependent cancers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwang, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janng, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, E. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lue, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lieberman, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ying, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paik, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.10.528023</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Histone demethylase KDM2A is a selective vulnerability of cancers relying on alternative telomere maintenance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.13.528299v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mutation and selection induce correlations between selection coefficients and mutation rates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.13.528299v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The joint distribution of selection coefficients and mutation rates is a key determinant of the genetic architecture of molecular adaptation. Three different distributions are of immediate interest: (1) the nominal distribution of possible changes, prior to mutation or selection, (2) the de novo distribution of realized mutations, and (3) the fixed distribution of selectively established mutations. Here, we formally characterize the relationships between these joint distributions under the strong selection, weak mutation (SSWM) regime. The de novo distribution is enriched relative to the nominal distribution for the highest rate mutations, and the fixed distribution is further enriched for the most highly beneficial mutations. Whereas mutation rates and selection coefficients are often assumed to be uncorrelated, we show that even with no correlation in the nominal distribution, the resulting de novo and fixed distributions can have correlations with any combination of signs. Nonetheless, we suggest that natural systems with a finite number of beneficial mutations will frequently have the kind of nominal distribution that induces negative correlations in the fixed distribution. We apply our mathematical framework, along with population simulations, to explore joint distributions of selection coefficients and mutation rates from deep mutational scanning and cancer informatics. Finally, we consider the evolutionary implications of these joint distributions together with two additional joint distributions relevant to parallelism and the rate of adaptation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gitschlag, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cano, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payne, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCandlish, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoltzfus, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.13.528299</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mutation and selection induce correlations between selection coefficients and mutation rates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.17.528937v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ketogenic diet promotes tumor ferroptosis but induces relative corticosterone deficiency that accelerates cachexia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.17.528937v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The dependency of cancer cells on glucose can be targeted with high-fat low- carbohydrate ketogenic diet (KD). However, hepatic ketogenesis is suppressed in IL-6 producing cancers, which prevents the utilization of this nutrient source as energy for the organism. In two IL-6 associated murine models of cancer cachexia we describe delayed tumor growth but accelerated onset of cancer cachexia and shortened survival when mice are fed KD. Mechanistically, we find this uncoupling is a consequence of the biochemical interaction of two simultaneously occurring NADPH-dependent pathways. Within the tumor, increased production of lipid peroxidation products (LPPs) and, consequently, saturation of the glutathione (GSH) system leads to ferroptotic death of cancer cells. Systemically, redox imbalance and NADPH depletion impairs the biosynthesis of corticosterone, the main regulator of metabolic stress, in the adrenal glands. Administration of dexamethasone, a potent glucocorticoid, improves food intake, normalizes glucose homeostasis and utilization of nutritional substrates, delays onset of cancer cachexia and extends survival of tumor-bearing mice fed KD, while preserving reduced tumor growth. Our study highlights that the outcome of systemic interventions cannot necessarily be extrapolated from the effect on the tumor alone, but that they have to be investigated for anti{-}cancer and host effects. These findings may be relevant to clinical research efforts that investigate nutritional interventions such as KD in patients with cancer.

Graphical abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=129 SRC="FIGDIR/small/528937v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (24K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@613bb6org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@19746a4org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@9ef652org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@3db934_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG HIGHLIGHTSO_LIKetogenic diet delays tumor growth but accelerates cancer cachexia and shortens survival
C_LIO_LIIn the tumor, accumulation of lipid peroxidation products results in saturation of the GSH detoxifying pathway and ferroptotic death of cancer cells
C_LIO_LIIn the host organism, systemic redox state imbalance causes NADPH depletion, GDF-15 elevations, and relative corticosterone deficiency
C_LIO_LIDexamethasone coadministration with ketogenic diet delays onset of cancer cachexia by improving food intake, glucose homeostasis and utilization of nutritional substrates
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ferrer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mourikis, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleeman, S. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaccaria, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Habel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubino, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flint, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Connell, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lukey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coll, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venkitaraman, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janowitz, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.17.528937</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ketogenic diet promotes tumor ferroptosis but induces relative corticosterone deficiency that accelerates cachexia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.25.529923v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The axon guidance cue SEMA3A promotes the aggressive phenotype of basal-like PDAC 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.25.529923v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal disease with few available therapeutic options. Two transcriptional cancer cell states have been consistently reported in PDAC, with the basal-like/squamous phenotype displaying a more aggressive biological behavior. Genetic and epigenetic dysregulation of the axon guidance pathway are common in PDAC, yet our understanding of its biological relevance is limited. Here, we investigated the functional role of the axon guidance cue SEMA3A in sustaining the progression of PDAC. We integrated available transcriptomic datasets of human PDAC with in situ hybridization analyses of patients tissues to find that SEMA3A is expressed by stromal cells and selectively enriched in epithelial cells of the basal-like/squamous subtype. We found that both cell-intrinsic and cell extrinsic factors instructing the basal-like/squamous subtype induce expression of SEMA3A in PDAC cells. In vitro, SEMA3A promoted cell migration as well as anoikis resistance. At molecular level, these phenotypes were associated with increased FAK signaling and enrichment of gene programs related to cytoskeleton remodeling. Accordingly, SEMA3A provided mouse PDAC cells with greater metastatic competence. In mouse orthotopic allografts, SEMA3A remodeled the TME by favoring infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages and exclusion of T cells. Mechanistically, SEMA3A functioned as chemoattractant for macrophages and favored their polarization towards an M2-like phenotype. In SEMA3Ahigh tumors, depletion of macrophages resulted in greater intratumor infiltration by CD8+ T cells and increased sensitivity of these tumors to chemotherapy. Overall, we show that SEMA3A contributes to the malignant phenotype of basal-like PDAC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lupo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pezzini, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiorini, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adamo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veghini, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bevere, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frusteri, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delfino, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Agosto, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piro, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malinova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Sanctis, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasini, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawlor, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwang, C.-i.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carbone, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amelio, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bailey, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bronte, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuveson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scarpa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ugel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbo, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.25.529923</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The axon guidance cue SEMA3A promotes the aggressive phenotype of basal-like PDAC]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.01.529396v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Domain-adaptive neural networks improve supervised machine learning based on simulated population genetic data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.01.529396v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Investigators have recently introduced powerful methods for population genetic inference that rely on supervised machine learning from simulated data. Despite their performance advantages, these methods can fail when the simulated training data does not adequately resemble data from the real world. Here, we show that this "simulation mis-specification" problem can be framed as a "domain adaptation" problem, where a model learned from one data distribution is applied to a dataset drawn from a different distribution. By applying an established domain-adaptation technique based on a gradient reversal layer (GRL), originally introduced for image classification, we show that the effects of simulation mis-specification can be substantially mitigated. We focus our analysis on two state-of-the-art deep-learning population genetic methods--SIA, which infers positive selection from features of the ancestral recombination graph (ARG), and ReLERNN, which infers recombination rates from genotype matrices. In the case of SIA, the domain adaptive framework also compensates for ARG inference error. Using the domain-adaptive SIA (dadaSIA) model, we estimate improved selection coefficients at selected loci in the 1000 Genomes CEU population. We anticipate that domain adaptation will prove to be widely applicable in the growing use of supervised machine learning in population genetics.

Author SummaryPopulation genetic simulation is a powerful tool in the study of evolution. A number of supervised machine learning methods have been developed that take advantage of inexpensive simulations as training data. Despite their outstanding performance in benchmarks, these models can fail when the simulated training data deviate from the real data. In this work, we employed domain adaptation techniques to address this "simulation mis-specification" problem by training the machine learning model jointly with simulated and real data. We performed extensive benchmark experiments to demonstrate the improvement of the domain-adaptive models over standard machine learning models in the presence of different types of mis-specification. In addition, we applied dadaSIA, a domain-adaptive selection inference model, to improve the estimates of selection coefficients at selected loci in a European population. The domain adaptation framework proposed in our work is widely applicable to models relying on synthetic training data and therefore opens the door to many more applications in population genetics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siepel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.01.529396</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Domain-adaptive neural networks improve supervised machine learning based on simulated population genetic data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.04.531072v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
L1 retrotransposons drive human neuronal transcriptome complexity and functional diversification 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.04.531072v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The genetic mechanisms underlying the expansion in size and complexity of the human brain remains poorly understood. L1 retrotransposons are a source of divergent genetic information in hominoid genomes, but their importance in physiological functions and their contribution to human brain evolution is largely unknown. Using multi-omic profiling we here demonstrate that L1-promoters are dynamically active in the developing and adult human brain. L1s generate hundreds of developmentally regulated and cell-type specific transcripts, many which are co-opted as chimeric transcripts or regulatory RNAs. One L1-derived lncRNA, LINC01876, is a human-specific transcript expressed exclusively during brain development. CRISPRi-silencing of LINC01876 results in reduced size of cerebral organoids and premature differentiation of neural progenitors, implicating L1s in human-specific developmental processes. In summary, our results demonstrate that L1-derived transcripts provide a previously undescribed layer of primate- and human-specific transcriptome complexity that contributes to the functional diversification of the human brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Garza, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atacho, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adami, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerdes, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vinod, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karlsson, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horvath, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johansson, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pandiloski, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matas, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quaegebeur, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kouli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonsson, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monni, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Englund, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eichler, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gale Hammell, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barker, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kokaia, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Douse, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jakobsson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.04.531072</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[L1 retrotransposons drive human neuronal transcriptome complexity and functional diversification]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.06.531378v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antibody-directed extracellular proximity biotinylation reveals Contactin-1 regulates axo-axonic innervation of axon initial segments. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.06.531378v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Axon initial segment (AIS) cell surface proteins mediate key biological processes in neurons including action potential initiation and axo-axonic synapse formation. However, few AIS cell surface proteins have been identified. Here, we used antibody-directed proximity biotinylation to define the cell surface proteins in close proximity to the AIS cell adhesion molecule Neurofascin. To determine the distributions of the identified proteins, we used CRISPR-mediated genome editing for insertion of epitope tags in the endogenous proteins. We found Contactin-1 (Cntn1) among the previously unknown AIS proteins we identified. Cntn1 is enriched at the AIS through interactions with Neurofascin and NrCAM. We further show that Cntn1 contributes to assembly of the AIS-extracellular matrix, and is required for AIS axo-axonic innervation by inhibitory basket cells in the cerebellum and inhibitory chandelier cells in the cortex.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ogawa, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oses-Prieto, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasband, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eshed-Eisenbach, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nair, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boata, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peles, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burlingame, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Aelst, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasband, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.06.531378</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antibody-directed extracellular proximity biotinylation reveals Contactin-1 regulates axo-axonic innervation of axon initial segments.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.06.531307v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The cell type composition of the adult mouse brain revealed by single cell and spatial genomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.06.531307v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The function of the mammalian brain relies upon the specification and spatial positioning of diversely specialized cell types. Yet, the molecular identities of the cell types, and their positions within individual anatomical structures, remain incompletely known. To construct a comprehensive atlas of cell types in each brain structure, we paired high-throughput single-nucleus RNA-seq with Slide-seq-a recently developed spatial transcriptomics method with near-cellular resolution-across the entire mouse brain. Integration of these datasets revealed the cell type composition of each neuroanatomical structure. Cell type diversity was found to be remarkably high in the midbrain, hindbrain, and hypothalamus, with most clusters requiring a combination of at least three discrete gene expression markers to uniquely define them. Using these data, we developed a framework for genetically accessing each cell type, comprehensively characterized neuropeptide and neurotransmitter signaling, elucidated region-specific specializations in activity-regulated gene expression, and ascertained the heritability enrichment of neurological and psychiatric phenotypes. These data, available as an online resource (BrainCellData.org) should find diverse applications across neuroscience, including the construction of new genetic tools, and the prioritization of specific cell types and circuits in the study of brain diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Langlieb, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sachdev, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balderrama, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nadaf, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raj, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murray, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Webber, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanderburg, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gazestani, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tward, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mezias, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norton, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitra, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macosko, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.06.531307</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The cell type composition of the adult mouse brain revealed by single cell and spatial genomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.10.531570v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Optimizing Short-format Training: an International Consensus on Effective, Inclusive, and Career-spanning Professional Development in the Life Sciences and Beyond 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.10.531570v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM) fields change rapidly and are increasingly interdisciplinary. Commonly, STEMM practitioners use short-format training (SFT) such as workshops and short courses for upskilling and reskilling, but unaddressed challenges limit SFTs effectiveness and inclusiveness. Prior work, including the NSF 2026 Reinventing Scientific Talent proposal, called for addressing SFT challenges, and a diverse international group of experts in education, accessibility, and life sciences came together to do so. This paper describes the phenomenography and content analyses that produced a set of 14 actionable recommendations to systematically strengthen SFT. Recommendations were derived from findings in the educational sciences and the experiences of several of the largest life science SFT programs. Recommendations cover the breadth of SFT contexts and stakeholder groups and include actions for instructors (e.g., make equity and inclusion an ethical obligation), programs (e.g., centralize infrastructure for assessment and evaluation), as well as organizations and funders (e.g., professionalize training SFT instructors; deploy SFT to counter inequity). Recommendations are aligned into a purpose-built framework-- "The Bicycle Principles"--that prioritizes evidenced-based teaching, inclusiveness, and equity, as well as the ability to scale, share, and sustain SFT. We also describe how the Bicycle Principles and recommendations are consistent with educational change theories and can overcome systemic barriers to delivering consistently effective, inclusive, and career-spanning SFT.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSTEMM practitioners need sustained and customized professional development to keep up with innovations. Short-format training (SFT) such as workshops and short-courses are relied upon widely but have unaddressed limitations. This project generated principles and recommendations to make SFT consistently effective, inclusive, and career-spanning. Optimizing SFT could broaden participation in STEMM by preparing practitioners more equitably with transformative skills. Better SFT would also serve members of the STEMM workforce who have several decades of productivity ahead, but who may not benefit from education reforms that predominantly focus on undergraduate STEMM. The Bicycle Principles and accompanying recommendations apply to any SFT instruction and may be especially useful in rapidly evolving and multidisciplinary fields such as artificial intelligence, genomics, and precision medicine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Williams, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tractenberg, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batut, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becker, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burke, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Busby, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooch, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dillman, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donovan, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doyle, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Gelder, C. W. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hertweck, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jordan, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jungck, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Latour, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindvall, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lloret-Llinares, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDowell, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mourad, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nisselle, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ordonez, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paladin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palagi, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sukhai, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teal, T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodley, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.10.531570</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Optimizing Short-format Training: an International Consensus on Effective, Inclusive, and Career-spanning Professional Development in the Life Sciences and Beyond]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.13.532334v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The maize PLASTID TERMINAL OXIDASE (PTOX) gene controls the carotenoid content of kernels. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.13.532334v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LICarotenoids perform a broad range of important functions in humans; therefore, carotenoid biofortification of maize (Zea mays L.), one of the most highly produced cereal crops worldwide, would have a global impact on human health.
C_LIO_LIPLASTID TERMINAL OXIDASE (PTOX) genes play an important role in carotenoid metabolism; however, the possible function of PTOX in carotenoid biosynthesis in maize has not yet been explored. In this study, we identified the maize PTOX gene ZmPTOX1 by forward genetic screening.
C_LIO_LIWhile most higher plant species possess a single copy of the PTOX gene, maize carries two tandemly duplicated copies of ZmPTOX. Characterization of Zmptox1 mutants revealed that disrupting one copy of ZmPTOX1 was enough to impair carotenoid biosynthesis, indicating that ZmPTOX1 is essential for carotenoid biosynthesis in maize kernels. Remarkably, overexpression of ZmPTOX1 significantly improved the content of carotenoids, especially {beta}-carotene (provitamin A), which was increased by ~3-fold, in maize kernels.
C_LIO_LIOverall, our study shows that ZmPTOX1 plays a crucial role in carotenoid biosynthesis in maize kernels and suggests that fine-tuning the expression of this gene could improve the nutritional value of cereal grains.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.13.532334</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The maize PLASTID TERMINAL OXIDASE (PTOX) gene controls the carotenoid content of kernels.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.20.533453v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Plasma cells in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma secrete antibodies to self-antigens 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.20.533453v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intratumoral B cell responses are associated with more favorable clinical outcomes in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the antigens driving these B cell responses are largely unknown. We sought to discover these antigens by using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) and immunoglobulin (Ig) sequencing of tumor-infiltrating immune cells from seven primary PDAC samples. We identified activated T and B cell responses and evidence of germinal center reactions. Ig sequencing identified plasma cell (PC) clones expressing isotype-switched and hyper-mutated Igs, suggesting the occurrence of T cell-dependent B cell responses. We assessed the reactivity of 41 recombinant antibodies that represented the products of 235 PCs and 12 B cells toward multiple cell lines and PDAC tissues, and observed frequent staining of intracellular self-antigens. Three of these antigens were identified: the filamentous actin (F-actin), the nucleic protein, RUVBL2, and the mitochondrial protein, HSPD1. Antibody titers to F-actin and HSPD1 were elevated in the plasma of PDAC patients, and also detectable in healthy donors. Thus, PCs in PDAC produce auto-antibodies reacting with intracellular self-antigens, which may result from promotion of pre-existing, autoreactive B cell responses. These observations indicate that the chronic inflammatory microenvironment of PDAC can support the adaptive immune response.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preall, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cifani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moresco, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Habowski, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raphael, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rishi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sejpal, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiss, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuveson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fearon, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.20.533453</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Plasma cells in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma secrete antibodies to self-antigens]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.31.535112v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Preservation of co-expression defines the primary tissue fidelity of human neural organoids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.31.535112v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human neural organoid models offer an exciting opportunity for studying often inaccessible human-specific brain development; however, it remains unclear how precisely organoids recapitulate fetal/primary tissue biology. Here, we characterize field-wide replicability and biological fidelity through a meta-analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing data for first and second trimester human primary brain (2.95 million cells, 51 datasets) and neural organoids (1.63 million cells, 130 datasets). We quantify the degree to which primary tissue cell-type marker expression and co-expression are recapitulated in organoids across 12 different protocol types. By quantifying gene-level preservation of primary tissue co-expression, we show neural organoids lie on a spectrum ranging from virtually no signal to co-expression near indistinguishable from primary tissue data, demonstrating high fidelity is within the scope of current methods. Additionally, we show neural organoids preserve the cell-type specific co-expression of developing rather than adult cells, confirming organoids are an appropriate model for primary tissue development. Overall, quantifying the preservation of primary tissue co-expression is a powerful tool for uncovering unifying axes of variation across heterogeneous neural organoid experiments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Werner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.31.535112</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Preservation of co-expression defines the primary tissue fidelity of human neural organoids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.31.535185v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Assessing Microbial Diversity in Soil Samples Along the Potomac River: Implications for Environmental Health 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.31.535185v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In this study, we investigated the microbial diversity and community composition of soil samples collected from various sites along the Potomac River within an urbanized region. Our findings revealed the presence of both typical marine soil bacteria and bacterial taxa indicative of urbanization and waste runoff. We observed significant variations in microbial community structure and diversity across different sampling sites, highlighting the influence of environmental factors on microbial abundance and diversity. Through taxon set analysis, we identified shared taxa strongly associated with agricultural pollution, organochlorine pesticide contamination, and bromochloromethane pollution. Additionally, the study revealed potential disparities in human impact, water retention, and tidal/current effects among the soil samples. These insights carry significant implications for understanding the consequences of urbanization on soil microbial communities along the Potomac River and can inform strategies for managing and preserving these ecosystems. Further research is warranted to elucidate the effects of soil health and microbial diversity in this region.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Taraboletti, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixon, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orr, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parnell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watson, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nash, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esimai, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ude, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.31.535185</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Assessing Microbial Diversity in Soil Samples Along the Potomac River: Implications for Environmental Health]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.31.535161v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Preclinical Screening of Splice-Switching Antisense Oligonucleotides in PDAC Organoids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.31.535161v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aberrant alternative splicing is emerging as a cancer hallmark and a potential therapeutic target. It is the result of dysregulated splicing factors or genetic alterations in splicing-regulatory cis-elements. Targeting individual altered splicing events associated with cancer-cell dependencies is a potential therapeutic strategy, but several technical limitations need to be addressed. Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) are a promising platform to recapitulate key aspects of disease states and to facilitate drug development for precision medicine. Here, we report an efficient antisense-oligonucleotide (ASO) transfection method to systematically evaluate and screen individual splicing events as therapeutic targets in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) organoids. This optimized delivery method allows fast and efficient screening of ASOs that reverse oncogenic alternative splicing. In combination with advancements in chemical modifications and ASO-delivery strategies, this method has the potential to accelerate the discovery of anti-tumor ASO drugs that target pathological alternative splicing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kral, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voss, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krainer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.31.535161</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Preclinical Screening of Splice-Switching Antisense Oligonucleotides in PDAC Organoids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.04.535623v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The ENCODE Uniform Analysis Pipelines 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.04.535623v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Encyclopedia of DNA elements (ENCODE) project is a collaborative effort to create a comprehensive catalog of functional elements in the human genome. The current database comprises more than 19000 functional genomics experiments across more than 1000 cell lines and tissues using a wide array of experimental techniques to study the chromatin structure, regulatory and transcriptional landscape of the Homo sapiens and Mus musculus genomes. All experimental data, metadata, and associated computational analyses created by the ENCODE consortium are submitted to the Data Coordination Center (DCC) for validation, tracking, storage, and distribution to community resources and the scientific community. The ENCODE project has engineered and distributed uniform processing pipelines in order to promote data provenance and reproducibility as well as allow interoperability between genomic resources and other consortia. All data files, reference genome versions, software versions, and parameters used by the pipelines are captured and available via the ENCODE Portal. The pipeline code, developed using Docker and Workflow Description Language (WDL; https://openwdl.org/) is publicly available in GitHub, with images available on Dockerhub (https://hub.docker.com), enabling access to a diverse range of biomedical researchers. ENCODE pipelines maintained and used by the DCC can be installed to run on personal computers, local HPC clusters, or in cloud computing environments via Cromwell. Access to the pipelines and data via the cloud allows small labs the ability to use the data or software without access to institutional compute clusters. Standardization of the computational methodologies for analysis and quality control leads to comparable results from different ENCODE collections - a prerequisite for successful integrative analyses.

Database URL: https://www.encodeproject.org/
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hitz, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jolanki, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kagda, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graham, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sud, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabdank, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strattan, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sloan, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dreszer, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rowe, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Podduturi, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malladi, V. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miyasato, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simison, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanaka, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whaling, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandstrom, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rynes, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nishida, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ingersoll, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buckley, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frerker, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boley, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trout, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahmanian, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wyman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balderrama-Gutierrez, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reese, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durand, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dudchenko, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weisz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, S. S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blackburn, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gkountarou</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.04.535623</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The ENCODE Uniform Analysis Pipelines]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.10.536259v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Engrailed-1 Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Metastasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.10.536259v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Engrailed-1 (EN1) is a critical homeodomain transcription factor (TF) required for neuronal survival, and EN1 expression has been shown to promote aggressive forms of triple negative breast cancer. Here, we report that EN1 is aberrantly expressed in a subset of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) patients with poor outcomes. EN1 predominantly repressed its target genes through direct binding to gene enhancers and promoters, implicating a role in the acquisition of mesenchymal cell properties. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that EN1 promoted PDA transformation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Our findings nominate the targeting of EN1 and downstream pathways in aggressive PDA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roe, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tonelli, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Somerville, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milazzo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiriac, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolarzyk, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grem, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazenby, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grunkemeyer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hollingsworth, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borowsky, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vakoc, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuveson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwang, C.-i.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.10.536259</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Engrailed-1 Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Metastasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.20.537667v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
p73 activates transcriptional signatures of basal lineage identity and ciliogenesis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.20.537667v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), tumor cells are known to acquire transcriptional and morphological properties of the basal (also known as squamous) epithelial lineage, which leads to more aggressive disease characteristics. Here, we show that a subset of basal-like PDAC tumors aberrantly express p73 (TA isoform), which is a known transcriptional activator of basal lineage identity, ciliogenesis, and tumor suppression in normal tissue development. Using gain- and loss- of function experiments, we show that p73 is necessary and sufficient to activate genes related to basal identity (e.g. KRT5), ciliogenesis (e.g. FOXJ1), and p53-like tumor suppression (e.g. CDKN1A) in human PDAC models. Owing to the paradoxical combination of oncogenic and tumor suppressive outputs of this transcription factor, we propose that PDAC cells express a low level of p73 that is optimal for promoting lineage plasticity without severe impairment of cell proliferation. Collectively, our study reinforces how PDAC cells exploit master regulators of the basal epithelial lineage during disease progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hur, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Somerville, T. D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maia-Silva, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demerdash, O. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuveson, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Notta, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vakoc, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.20.537667</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[p73 activates transcriptional signatures of basal lineage identity and ciliogenesis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.27.538618v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evaluating possible maternal effect lethality of Naa10 knockout mice, and modulation of phenotypes for embryonic and neonatal lethality by genetic background and environment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.27.538618v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Amino-terminal (Nt-) acetylation (NTA) is a common protein modification, affecting approximately 80% of all human proteins. The human essential X-linked gene, NAA10, encodes for the enzyme NAA10, which is the catalytic subunit in the N-terminal acetyltransferase A (NatA) complex. There is extensive genetic variation in humans with missense, splice-site, and C-terminal frameshift variants in NAA10. In mice, Naa10 is not an essential gene, as there exists a paralogous gene, Naa12, that substantially rescues Naa10 knockout mice from embryonic lethality, whereas double knockouts (Naa10-/Y Naa12-/-) are embryonic lethal. However, the phenotypic variability in the mice is nonetheless quite extensive, including piebaldism, skeletal defects, small size, hydrocephaly, hydronephrosis, and neonatal lethality. Here we replicate these phenotypes with new genetic alleles in mice, but we demonstrate their modulation by genetic background and environmental effects. We cannot replicate a prior report of "maternal effect lethality" for heterozygous Naa10-/X female mice, but we do observe a small amount of embryonic lethality in the Naa10-/ymale mice on the inbred genetic background in this different animal facility.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lyon, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Longo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Inusa, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marchi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doerfel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnesen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aldabe, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyons, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nashat, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolton, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.27.538618</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evaluating possible maternal effect lethality of Naa10 knockout mice, and modulation of phenotypes for embryonic and neonatal lethality by genetic background and environment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.04.539439v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TDP-43 pathology in Drosophila induces glial-cell type specific toxicity that can be ameliorated by knock-down of SF2/SRSF1. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.04.539439v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accumulation of cytoplasmic inclusions of TAR-DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is seen in both neurons and glia in a range of neurodegenerative disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimers disease (AD). Disease progression involves non-cell autonomous interactions among multiple cell types, including neurons, microglia and astrocytes. We investigated the effects in Drosophila of inducible, glial cell type-specific TDP-43 overexpression, a model that causes TDP-43 protein pathology including loss of nuclear TDP-43 and accumulation of cytoplasmic inclusions. We report that TDP-43 pathology in Drosophila is sufficient to cause progressive loss of each of the 5 glial sub-types. But the effects on organismal survival were most pronounced when TDP-43 pathology was induced in the perineural glia (PNG) or astrocytes. In the case of PNG, this effect is not attributable to loss of the glial population, because ablation of these glia by expression of pro-apoptotic reaper expression has relatively little impact on survival. To uncover underlying mechanisms, we used cell-type-specific nuclear RNA sequencing to characterize the transcriptional changes induced by pathological TDP-43 expression. We identified numerous glial cell-type specific transcriptional changes. Notably, SF2/SRSF1 levels were found to be decreased in both PNG and in astrocytes. We found that further knockdown of SF2/SRSF1 in either PNG or astrocytes lessens the detrimental effects of TDP-43 pathology on lifespan, but extends survival of the glial cells. Thus TDP-43 pathology in astrocytes or PNG causes systemic effects that shorten lifespan and SF2/SRSF1 knockdown rescues the loss of these glia, and also reduces their systemic toxicity to the organism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Krupp, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tam, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammell, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>dubnau, j.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.04.539439</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TDP-43 pathology in Drosophila induces glial-cell type specific toxicity that can be ameliorated by knock-down of SF2/SRSF1.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.09.539617v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of pan-cancer/testis genes and validation of therapeutic targeting in triple-negative breast cancer: Lin28a- and Siglece-based vaccination induces anti-tumor immunity and inhibits metastasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.09.539617v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundCancer-testis (CT) genes are targets for tumor antigen-specific immunotherapy given that their expression is normally restricted to the immune-privileged testis in healthy individuals with aberrant expression in tumor tissues. While they represent targetable germ-tissue antigens and play important functional roles in tumorigenesis, there is currently no standardized approach for identifying clinically relevant CT genes. Optimized algorithms and validated methods for accurate prediction of reliable CT antigens with high immunogenicity are also lacking.

MethodsSequencing data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) and The Genomic Data Commons (GDC) databases was utilized for the development of a bioinformatic pipeline to identify CT exclusive genes. A CT germness score was calculated based on the number of CT genes expressed within a tumor type and their degree of expression. The impact of tumor germness with clinical outcome was evaluated using healthy GTEx and GDC tumor samples. We then used a triple-negative breast cancer mouse model to develop and test an algorithm that predicts epitope immunogenicity based on the identification of germline sequences with strong MHCI and MHCII binding affinities. Germline sequences for CT genes were synthesized as long synthetic peptide vaccines and tested in the 4T1 triple-negative model of invasive breast cancer with Poly(I:C) adjuvant. Vaccine immunogenicity was determined by flow cytometric analysis of in vitro and in vivo T cell responses. Primary tumor growth and lung metastasis was evaluated by histopathology, flow cytometry and colony formation assay.

ResultsWe developed a new bioinformatic pipeline to reliably identify CT exclusive genes as immunogenic targets for immunotherapy. We identified CT genes that are exclusively expressed within the testis, lack detectable thymic expression, and are significantly expressed in multiple tumor types. High tumor germness correlated with tumor progression but not with tumor mutation burden, supporting CT antigens as appealing targets in low mutation burden tumors. Importantly, tumor germness also correlated with markers of anti-tumor immunity. Vaccination of 4T1 tumor bearing mice with Siglece and Lin28a antigens resulted in increased T cell anti-tumor immunity and reduced primary tumor growth and lung metastases.

ConclusionOur results present a novel strategy for the identification of highly immunogenic CT antigens for the development of targeted vaccines that induce anti-tumor immunity and inhibit metastasis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Carter, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matta, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Battaglia, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Somerville, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LaPan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atwal, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnes, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.09.539617</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of pan-cancer/testis genes and validation of therapeutic targeting in triple-negative breast cancer: Lin28a- and Siglece-based vaccination induces anti-tumor immunity and inhibits metastasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.12.540606v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative analysis of gonadal hormone receptor expression in the house mouse, meadow vole, and prairie vole brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.12.540606v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The socially monogamous prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) and promiscuous meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus) are closely related, but only prairie voles display long-lasting pair bonds, biparental care, and selective aggression towards unfamiliar individuals after pair bonding. These social behaviors in mammals are largely mediated by steroid hormone signaling in the social behavior network (SBN) of the brain. Hormone receptors are reproducible markers of sex differences that can provide more information than anatomy alone, and can even be at odds with anatomical dimorphisms. We reasoned that behaviors associated with social monogamy in prairie voles may emerge in part from unique expression patterns of steroid hormone receptors in this species, and that these expression patterns would be more similar across males and females in prairie than in meadow voles or the laboratory mouse. To obtain insight into steroid hormone signaling in the developing prairie vole brain, we assessed expression of estrogen receptor alpha (Esr1), estrogen receptor beta (Esr2), and androgen receptor (Ar) within the SBN, using in situ hybridization at postnatal day 14 in mice, meadow, and prairie voles. We found species-specific patterns of hormone receptor expression in the hippocampus and ventromedial hypothalamus, as well as species differences in the sex bias of these markers in the principal nucleus of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. These findings suggest the observed differences in gonadal hormone receptor expression may underlie species differences in the display of social behaviors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tollkuhn, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Denney, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.12.540606</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative analysis of gonadal hormone receptor expression in the house mouse, meadow vole, and prairie vole brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.23.477431v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Latent circuit inference from heterogeneous neural responses during cognitive tasks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.23.477431v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Higher cortical areas carry a wide range of sensory, cognitive, and motor signals supporting complex goal-directed behavior. These signals are mixed in heterogeneous responses of single neurons tuned to multiple task variables. Dimensionality reduction methods used to analyze neural responses rely merely on correlations, leaving unknown how heterogeneous neural activity arises from connectivity to drive behavior. Here we present a framework for inferring a low-dimensional connectivity structure--the latent circuit--from high-dimensional neural response data. The latent circuit captures mechanistic interactions between task variables and their mixed representations in single neurons. We apply the latent circuit inference to recurrent neural networks trained to perform a context-dependent decision-making task and find a suppression mechanism in which contextual representations inhibit irrelevant sensory responses. We validate this mechanism by confirming the behavioral effects of patterned connectivity perturbations predicted by the latent circuit structure. Our approach can reveal interpretable and causally testable circuit mechanisms from heterogeneous neural responses during cognitive tasks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Langdon, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engel, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.23.477431</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Latent circuit inference from heterogeneous neural responses during cognitive tasks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.18.528865v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Massive Multiplexing of Spatially Resolved Single Neuron Projections with Axonal BARseq 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.18.528865v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurons in the cortex are heterogeneous, sending diverse axonal projections to multiple brain regions. Unraveling the logic of these projections requires single-neuron resolution. Although a growing number of techniques have enabled high-throughput reconstruction, these techniques are typically limited to dozens or at most hundreds of neurons per brain, requiring that statistical analyses combine data from different specimens. Here we present axonal BARseq, a high-throughput approach based on reading out nucleic acid barcodes using in situ RNA sequencing, which enables analysis of even densely labeled neurons. As a proof of principle, we have mapped the long-range projections of >8,000 mouse primary auditory cortex neurons from a single brain. We identified major cell types based on projection targets and axonal trajectory. The large sample size enabled us to systematically quantify the projections of intratelencephalic (IT) neurons, and revealed that individual IT neurons project to different layers in an area-dependent fashion. Axonal BARseq is a powerful technique for studying the heterogeneity of single neuronal projections at high throughput within individual brains.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yuan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, H. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zador, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.18.528865</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Massive Multiplexing of Spatially Resolved Single Neuron Projections with Axonal BARseq]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.17.532606v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gene recoding by synonymous mutations creates promiscuous intragenic transcription initiation in mycobacteria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.17.532606v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Each genome encodes some codons more frequently than their synonyms (codon usage bias), but codons are also arranged more frequently into specific pairs (codon pair bias). Recoding viral genomes and yeast or bacterial genes with non-optimal codon pairs has been shown to decrease gene expression. Gene expression is thus importantly regulated not only by the use of particular codons but by their proper juxtaposition. We therefore hypothesized that non-optimal codon pairing could likewise attenuate Mtb genes. We explored the role of codon pair bias by recoding Mtb genes (rpoB, mmpL3, ndh) and assessing their expression in the closely related and tractable model organism M. smegmatis. To our surprise, recoding caused the expression of multiple smaller protein isoforms from all three genes. We confirmed that these smaller proteins were not due to protein degradation, but instead issued from new transcription initiation sites positioned within the open reading frame. New transcripts gave rise to intragenic translation initiation sites, which in turn led to the expression of smaller proteins. We next identified the nucleotide changes associated with these new sites of transcription and translation. Our results demonstrated that apparently benign, synonymous changes can drastically alter gene expression in mycobacteria. More generally, our work expands our understanding of the codon-level parameters that control translation and transcription initiation.

IMPORTANCEMycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the causative agent of tuberculosis, one of the deadliest infectious diseases worldwide. Previous studies have established that synonymous recoding to introduce rare codon pairings can attenuate viral pathogens. We hypothesized that non-optimal codon pairing could be an effective strategy for attenuating gene expression to create a live vaccine for Mtb. We instead discovered that these synonymous changes enabled the transcription of functional mRNA that initiated in the middle of the open reading frame and from which many smaller protein products were expressed. To our knowledge, this is the first report that synonymous recoding of a gene in any organism can create or induce intragenic transcription start sites.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hegelmeyer, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Previti, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrade, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Utama, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sejour, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gardin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muller, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ketchum, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yurovsky, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Futcher, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodwin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ueberheide, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seeliger, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.17.532606</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gene recoding by synonymous mutations creates promiscuous intragenic transcription initiation in mycobacteria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.07.536031v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Allele pairing at Sun1-enriched domains at the nuclear periphery via T1A3 tandem DNA repeats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.07.536031v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spatiotemporal gene regulation is fundamental to the biology of diploid cells. Therefore, effective communication between two alleles and their geometry in the nucleus is important. However, the mechanism that fine-tunes the expression from each of the two alleles of an autosome is enigmatic. By developing an allele-specific gene expression visualization system in living cells, we show that alleles of biallelically expressed Cth and Ttc4 genes are paired prior to acquiring monoallelic expression. We found that active alleles of monoallelic genes are preferentially localized at Sun1-enriched domains at the nuclear periphery. These peripherally localized euchromatic DNA loci harboring monoalleleic genes are enriched with adenine-thymidine-rich tandem repeats, which are bound by Hnrnpd, the "molecular wrench", to localize these loci in a Hi-C-defined A compartment within the B compartment. Our results demonstrate the biological significance of T1A3 tandem repeat sequences in genome organization and how the regulation of gene expression, at the level of individual alleles, relates to their spatial arrangement.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Balasooriya, G. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spector, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.07.536031</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Allele pairing at Sun1-enriched domains at the nuclear periphery via T1A3 tandem DNA repeats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/007005v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stable heteroplasmy at the single cell level is facilitated by inter-cellular exchange of mtDNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/007005v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Eukaryotic cells carry two genomes, nuclear (nDNA) and mitochondrial (mtDNA), which are ostensibly decoupled in their replication, segregation and inheritance. It is increasingly appreciated that heteroplasmy, the occurrence of multiple mtDNA haplotypes in a cell, plays an important biological role, but its features are not well understood. Accurately determining the diversity of mtDNA has been difficult, due to the relatively small amount of mtDNA in each cell (< 1% of the total DNA), the intercellular variability of mtDNA content and mtDNA pseudogenes (Numts) in nDNA. To understand the nature of heteroplasmy, we developed Mseek, a novel technique to purify and sequence mtDNA. Mseek yields high purity (> 90%) mtDNA and its ability to detect rare variants is limited only by sequencing depth, providing unprecedented sensitivity and specificity. Using Mseek, we confirmed the ubiquity of heteroplasmy by analyzing mtDNA from a diverse set of cell lines and human samples. Applying Mseek to colonies derived from single cells, we find heteroplasmy is stably maintained in individual daughter cells over multiple cell divisions. We hypothesized that the stability of heteroplasmy could be facilitated by inter-cellular exchange of mtDNA. We explicitly demonstrate this exchange by co-culturing cell lines with distinct mtDNA haplotypes. Our results shed new light on the maintenance of heteroplasmy and provide a novel platform to investigate features of heteroplasmy in normal and diseased states.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Anitha D Jayaprakash</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erica Benson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swapna Gone</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raymond Liang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaehee Shim</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luca Lambertini</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masoud M Toloue</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mike Wigler</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stuart Aaronson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravi Sachidanandam</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2014-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/007005</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stable heteroplasmy at the single cell level is facilitated by inter-cellular exchange of mtDNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2014-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/008177v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Statistical mechanics of multistable perception 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/008177v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The stochastic dynamics of multistable perception poses an enduring challenge to our understanding of neural signal processing in the brain. We show that the emergence of perception switching and stability can be understood using principles of probabilistic Bayesian inference where the prior temporal expectations are matched to a scale-free power spectrum, characteristic of fluctuations in the natural environment. The optimal percept dynamics are inferred by an exact mapping of the statistical estimation problem to the motion of a dissipative quantum particle in a multi-well potential. In the bistable case the problem is further mapped to a long-ranged Ising model. Optimal inference in the presence of a 1/f noise prior leads to critical dynamics, exhibiting a dynamical phase transition from unstable perception to stable perception, as demonstrated in recent experiments. The effect of stimulus fluctuations and perception bias is also discussed.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gurinder Singh Atwal</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2014-08-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/008177</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Statistical mechanics of multistable perception]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2014-08-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/114694v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mutational biases influence parallel adaptation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/114694v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While mutational biases strongly influence neutral molecular evolution, the role of mutational biases in shaping the course of adaptation is less clear. Here we consider the frequency of transitions relative to transversions among adaptive substitutions. Because mutation rates for transitions are higher than those for transversions, if mutational biases influence the dynamics of adaptation, then transitions should be over-represented among documented adaptive substitutions. To test this hypothesis, we assembled a dataset of putatively adaptive amino acid substitutions that have occurred in parallel during evolution in nature or in the laboratory. We find that the frequency of transitions in this dataset is much higher than would be predicted under a null model where mutation has no effect. Our results are qualitatively similar even if we restrict ourself to changes that have occurred, not merely twice, but three or more times. These results suggest that the course of adaptation is biased by mutation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stoltzfus, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCandlish, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-03-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/114694</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mutational biases influence parallel adaptation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-03-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/134429v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Naturally-segregating Variation at Ugt86Dd Contributes to Nicotine Resistance in Drosophila melanogaster 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/134429v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Identifying the causative sequence polymorphisms underlying complex trait variation is a key goal of evolutionary and biomedical genetics. By knowing the precise molecular events that confer phenotypic changes we can gain insight into the pathways underlying complex traits and the evolutionary forces acting on variation. Genetic analysis of complex traits in model systems regularly starts by constructing QTL maps, but generally fails to identify causative nucleotide-level polymorphisms. Previously we mapped a series of QTL contributing to resistance to nicotine in a Drosophila melanogaster multiparental mapping resource, and here use a battery of functional tests to resolve QTL to the molecular level. One large-effect QTL resided over a cluster of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, and quantitative complementation tests using deficiencies eliminating subsets of these detoxification genes revealed allelic variation impacting resistance. RNAseq showed that Ugt86Dd had significantly higher expression in genotypes that are more resistant to nicotine, and anterior midgut-specific RNAi of this gene reduced resistance. We discovered a naturally-segregating 22-bp frameshift deletion in Ugt86Dd, and overexpression of the insertion-containing allele in a range of tissues enhanced resistance. Accounting for the InDel event during mapping largely eliminates the QTL, implying the InDel explains the bulk of the effect associated with the mapped locus. Finally, we edited a relatively resistant genetic background to generate lesions in Ugt86Dd that recapitulate the naturally-occurring putative loss-of-function allele, and succeeded in radically reducing resistance. The putatively causative coding InDel in Ugt86Dd can be a launchpad for future mechanistic exploration of xenobiotic detoxification.nnARTICLE SUMMARYResolving the mutations that contribute to among-individual trait variation is a major goal of biomedical and evolutionary genetics. In general however, genetic mapping experiments do not allow immediate resolution of the underlying causative variants. Previous mapping work revealed several loci contributing to nicotine resistance in Drosophila melanogaster. We employed a battery of functional tests to demonstrate that the detoxification gene Ugt86Dd has a major phenotypic effect, and that a segregating frameshift mutation is likely causative. Editing the gene to introduce a premature stop codon led to a significant reduction in resistance, validating its role in xenobiotic detoxification.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Highfill, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moldenhauer, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macdonald, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/134429</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Naturally-segregating Variation at Ugt86Dd Contributes to Nicotine Resistance in Drosophila melanogaster]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/200196v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
OPRM1 A118G and serum β-endorphin interact with sex and digit ratio (2D:4D) to influence risk and course of alcohol dependence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/200196v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Activation of mesolimbic mu-opioid receptor by its endogenous ligand, {beta}-endorphin, mediates part of the rewarding effects of alcohol, yet there is controversial evidence surrounding the relationship between the functional mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) A118G single nucleotide polymorphism and alcohol dependence risk. Some preclinical evidence suggests that sex and sex hormone-dependent prenatal brain organization may interact with the opioid system to influence alcohol drinking behavior. We genotyped 200 alcohol-dependent patients and 240 healthy individuals for the A118G variant and measured serum {beta}-endorphin level at recruitment and during acute withdrawal. We then evaluated the association between these factors and alcohol dependence risk and outcome in the context of both sex and second-to-fourth digit length ratio (2D:4D) - a biomarker of prenatal sex hormone load. For the first time, the AA genotype was found to be associated with elevated alcohol-related hospital readmission risk, more readmissions, and fewer days until first readmission in male but not female patients. Upon accounting for 2D:4D, the G-allele predicted alcohol dependence and more readmissions (1 vs [&ge;]2) in males, suggesting prenatal sex hormones interact with OPRM1 to influence addiction pathology. Withdrawal {beta}-endorphin level also correlated negatively with withdrawal severity in females but not in males, indicating {beta}-endorphin might protect against withdrawal-induced stress in a sex-specific manner. Organizational effects of sex hormones may prime individuals for alcohol dependence by inducing permanent changes to the endogenous opioid system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gegenhuber, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weinland, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kornhuber, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muehle, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lenz, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/200196</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[OPRM1 A118G and serum β-endorphin interact with sex and digit ratio (2D:4D) to influence risk and course of alcohol dependence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.29.924050v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sox2 and canonical Wnt signaling interact to activate a developmental checkpoint coordinating morphogenesis with mesodermal fate acquisition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.29.924050v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Animal embryogenesis requires a precise coordination between morphogenesis and cell fate specification. It is unclear if there are mechanisms that prevent uncoupling of these processes to ensure robust development. During mesoderm induction, mesodermal fate acquisition is tightly coordinated with the morphogenetic process of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). In zebrafish, cells exist transiently in a partial EMT state during mesoderm induction. Here we show that cells expressing the neural inducing transcription factor Sox2 are held in the partial EMT state, stopping them from completing the EMT and joining the mesodermal territory. This is critical for preventing ectopic neural tissue from forming. The mechanism involves specific interactions between Sox2 and the mesoderm inducing canonical Wnt signaling pathway. When Wnt signaling is inhibited in Sox2 expressing cells trapped in the partial EMT, cells are now able to exit into the mesodermal territory, but form an ectopic spinal cord instead of mesoderm. Our work identifies a critical developmental checkpoint that ensures that morphogenetic movements establishing the mesodermal germ layer are accompanied by robust mesodermal cell fate acquisition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kinney, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Row, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tseng, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weidmann, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knaut, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.29.924050</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sox2 and canonical Wnt signaling interact to activate a developmental checkpoint coordinating morphogenesis with mesodermal fate acquisition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.13.990168v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HflX controls hypoxia-induced non-replicating persistence in slow growing mycobacteria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.13.990168v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
GTPase HflX is highly conserved in prokaryotes and is a ribosome splitting factor during heat shock in E. coli. Here we report that HflX produced by slow growing M. tuberculosis and M. bovis BCG is a GTPase that plays a critical role in the pathogens transition to a non-replicating, drug-tolerant state in response to hypoxia. Indeed, HflX-deficient M. bovis BCG (KO) replicated markedly faster in the microaerophilic phase of a hypoxia model, that precipitated entry into dormancy. The KO displayed the hallmarks of dormant mycobacteria including phenotypic drug resistance, altered morphology, low intracellular ATP and up-regulated dormancy dos regulon. KO-infected mice displayed increased bacterial burden during the chronic phase of infection, consistent with the higher replication rate observed in vitro in microaerophilic phase. Unlike fast-growing mycobacteria, BCG HlfX was not involved in antibiotic resistance under normoxia. Proteomics, pull-down and ribo-sequencing supported that mycobacterial HflX is a ribosome binding protein that controls the translational activity of the cell. Collectively, our study provides further insights into the mechanisms deployed by mycobacteria to adapt to their hypoxic microenvironment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>NGAN, J. Y. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>PASUNOOTI, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>TSE, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MENG, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>NGAN, S. F. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>NG, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>JAAFAR, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>JIA, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>CHO, S. L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LIM, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>KOH, H. Q. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>ABDULGHANI, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>PETHE, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sze, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lescar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alonso, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.13.990168</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HflX controls hypoxia-induced non-replicating persistence in slow growing mycobacteria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.26.162966v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Linkage mapping and QTL analysis of flowering time using ddRAD sequencing with genotype error correction in Brassica napus 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.26.162966v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Brassica napus is an important oilseed crop cultivated worldwide. During domestication and breeding of B. napus, flowering time has been a target of selection because of its substantial impact on yield. Here we use double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD) to investigate the genetic basis of flowering in B. napus. An F2 mapping population was derived from a cross between an early-flowering spring type and a late-flowering winter type. Flowering time in the mapping population differed by up to 25 days between individuals. High genotype error rates persisted after initial quality controls, as suggested by a genotype discordance of ∼12% between biological sequencing replicates. After genotype error correction, a linkage map spanning 3,605.70 cM and compromising 14,630 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was constructed. A quantitative trail locus (QTL) on chromosome C2 was detected in the vicinity of flowering time genes including FT and FLC. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the ddRAD approach to sample the B. napus genome. Our results also suggest that ddRAD genotype error rates can be higher than expected in F2 populations. Quality filtering and genotype correction and imputation can substantially reduce these error rates and allow effective linkage mapping and QTL analysis.Competing Interest StatementBASF supported this work and employs SR.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scheben, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Severn-Ellis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pradhan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rae, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batley, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.26.162966</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Linkage mapping and QTL analysis of flowering time using ddRAD sequencing with genotype error correction in Brassica napus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.30.179879v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Imd pathway-specific immune assays reveal NF-κB stimulation by viral RNA PAMPs in Aedes aegypti Aag2 cells 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.30.179879v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ABSTRACTBackground The mosquito Aedes aegypti is a major vector for the arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever and Zika viruses. Vector immune responses pose a major barrier to arboviral transmission, and transgenic insects with altered immunity have been proposed as tools for reducing the global public health impact of arboviral diseases. However, a better understanding of virus-immune interactions is needed to progress the development of such transgenic insects. Although the NF-κB-regulated Toll and ‘immunodeficiency’ (Imd) pathways are increasingly thought to be antiviral, relevant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) remain poorly characterised in A. aegypti.Methodology/Principle Findings We developed novel RT-qPCR and luciferase reporter assays to measure induction of the Toll and Imd pathways in the commonly used A. aegypti-derived Aag2 cell line. We thus determined that the Toll pathway is not inducible by exogenous stimulation with bacterial, viral or fungal stimuli in Aag2 cells under our experimental conditions. We used our Imd pathway-specific assays to demonstrate that the viral dsRNA mimic poly(I:C) is sensed by the Imd pathway, likely through intracellular and extracellular PRRs. The Imd pathway was also induced during infection with the model insect-specific virus cricket paralysis virus (CrPV).Conclusions/Significance Our demonstration that a general PAMP shared by many arboviruses is sensed by the Imd pathway paves the way for future studies to determine how viral RNA is sensed by mosquito PRRs at a molecular level. Our data also suggest that studies measuring inducible immune pathway activation through antimicrobial peptide (AMP) expression in Aag2 cells should be interpreted cautiously given that the Toll pathway is not responsive under all experimental conditions. With no antiviral therapies and few effective vaccines available to treat arboviral diseases, our findings provide new insights relevant to the development of transgenic mosquitoes as a means of reducing arbovirus transmission.AUTHOR SUMMARY The mosquito Aedes aegypti, found globally across the tropics and subtropics, transmits viral diseases with a significant global public health impact, including chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever and Zika viruses. There are no antiviral drugs to treat these diseases and few effective vaccines. One way of reducing the global burden of mosquito-borne diseases would be to develop genetically modified mosquitoes unable to transmit viruses. One approach would be to alter the mosquitoes’ immune system to allow them to better fight viral infections. To do so, we first need to understand how viruses are detected by the mosquito immune system. We developed new methods of measuring immune responses in laboratory-cultured mosquito cells and used them to show that one specific arm of the immune system, called the ‘Imd pathway’, can detect the RNA that constitutes the genome of mosquito-borne viruses. These findings pave the way for future immune studies that could inform the development of transmission-incompetent mosquitoes. We also found that another arm of the immune system, called the ‘Toll pathway’, is not functional under any experimental conditions used in this study. This finding has implications for how different laboratories interpret data from these particular cultured cells.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Russell, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayaz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez-Sesma, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maringer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.30.179879</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Imd pathway-specific immune assays reveal NF-κB stimulation by viral RNA PAMPs in Aedes aegypti Aag2 cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.02.184051v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular architecture of the developing mouse brain 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.02.184051v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mammalian brain develops through a complex interplay of spatial cues generated by diffusible morphogens, cell-cell interactions, and intrinsic genetic programs that result in the generation of likely more than a thousand distinct cell types. Therefore, a complete understanding of mammalian brain development requires systematic mapping of cell states covering the entire relevant spatiotemporal range. Here we report a comprehensive single-cell transcriptome atlas of mouse brain development spanning from gastrulation to birth. We identified almost a thousand distinct cellular states, including the initial emergence of the neuroepithelium, a rich set of region-specific secondary organizers and a complete developmental program for the functional elements of the brain and its enclosing membranes. We used the atlas to directly test the hypothesis that human glioblastoma reflects a return to a developmental cell state. In agreement, most aneuploid tumor cells matched embryonic rather than adult types, while karyotypically normal cells predominantly matched adult immune cell types.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>La Manno, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siletti, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furlan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gyllborg, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vinsland, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langseth, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khven, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnsson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nilsson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lonnerberg, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Linnarsson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.02.184051</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular architecture of the developing mouse brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.24.220160v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Protective Plant Immune Responses are Elicited by Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.24.220160v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) perform a variety of functions in bacterial survival and virulence. In mammalian systems, OMVs activate immune responses and have been exploited as vaccines. However, little work has focused on the role that OMVs play during interactions with plant hosts. Here we report that OMVs from the pathogenic Pseudomonas syringae and the beneficial Pseudomonas fluorescens activate plant immune responses that protect against bacterial and oomycete pathogens. OMVs from these two species display different sensitivity to biochemical stressors, which could indicate differences in OMV cargo packaging. Furthermore, our study shows that OMV-induced protective immune responses are T3SS- and protein-independent, while OMV-mediated seedling growth inhibition largely depends on protein cargo. Importantly, OMV-mediated plant responses are distinct from those triggered by PAMP/MAMPs or effector molecules alone. OMVs provide a unique opportunity to study virulence factors in combination and add a new layer of interaction and complexity to host-microbe interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McMillan, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zebell, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ristaino, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuehn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.24.220160</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Protective Plant Immune Responses are Elicited by Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.14.339259v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The claustrum-medial prefrontal cortex network controls attentional set-shifting 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.14.339259v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In various mental disorders, dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex contributes to cognitive deficits. Here we studied how the claustrum (CLA), a nucleus sharing reciprocal connections with the cortex, may participate in these cognitive impairments. We show that specific ensembles of CLA and of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) neurons are activated during a task requiring cognitive control such as attentional set-shifting, i.e. the ability to shift attention towards newly relevant stimulus-reward associations while disengaging from irrelevant ones. CLA neurons exert a direct excitatory input on mPFC pyramidal cells, and chemogenetic inhibition of CLA neurons suppresses the formation of specific mPFC assemblies during attentional set-shifting. Furthermore, impairing the recruitment of specific CLA assemblies through opto/chemogenetic manipulations prevents attentional set-shifting. In conclusion, we propose that the CLA controls the reorganization of mPFC ensembles to enable attentional set-shifting, emphasizing a potential role of the CLA-mPFC network in attentional dysfunctions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fodoulian, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gschwend, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huber, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mutel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salazar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leone, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renfer, J.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ekundayo, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carleton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.14.339259</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The claustrum-medial prefrontal cortex network controls attentional set-shifting]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.19.346353v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mice alternate between discrete strategies during perceptual decision-making 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.19.346353v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Classical models of perceptual decision-making assume that subjects use a single, consistent strategy to form decisions, or that strategies evolve slowly over time. Here we present new analyses suggesting that this common view is incorrect. We analyzed data from mouse and human decision-making experiments and found that choice behavior relies on an interplay between multiple interleaved strategies. These strategies, characterized by states in a hidden Markov model, persist for tens to hundreds of trials before switching, and may alternate multiple times within a session. The identified mouse decision-making strategies were highly consistent across individuals and comprised a single "engaged" state, in which decisions relied heavily on the sensory stimulus, and several biased states in which errors frequently occurred. These results provide a powerful alternate explanation for "lapses" often observed in rodent psychophysical experiments, and suggest that standard measures of performance mask the presence of dramatic changes in strategy across trials.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ashwood, Z. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stone, I. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>International Brain Laboratory, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Churchland, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pouget, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pillow, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.19.346353</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mice alternate between discrete strategies during perceptual decision-making]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.07.425804v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cancer phylogenetics using single-cell RNA-seq data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.07.425804v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phylogenetic methods are emerging as a useful tool to understand cancer evolutionary dynamics, including tumor structure, heterogeneity, and progression. Most currently used approaches utilize either bulk whole genome sequencing (WGS) or single-cell DNA sequencing (scDNA-seq) and are based on calling copy number alterations and single nucleotide variants (SNVs). scRNA-seq is commonly applied to explore differential gene expression of cancer cells throughout tumor progression. The method exacerbates the single-cell sequencing problem of low yield per cell with uneven expression levels. This accounts for low and uneven sequencing coverage and makes SNV detection and phylogenetic analysis challenging. In this paper, we demonstrate for the first time that scRNA-seq data contains sufficient evolutionary signal and can also be utilized in phylogenetic analyses. We explore and compare results of such analyses based on both expression levels and SNVs called from scRNA-seq data. Both techniques are shown to be useful for reconstructing phylogenetic relationships between cells, reflecting the clonal composition of a tumor. Both standardized expression values and SNVs appear to be equally capable of reconstructing a similar pattern of phylogenetic relationship. This pattern is stable even when phylogenetic uncertainty is taken in account. Our results open up a new direction of somatic phylogenetics based on scRNA-seq data. Further research is required to refine and improve these approaches to capture the full picture of somatic evolutionary dynamics in cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moravec, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lanfear, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spector, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diermeier, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gavryushkin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.07.425804</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cancer phylogenetics using single-cell RNA-seq data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.22.436044v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inverting the model of genomics data sharing with the NHGRI Genomic Data Science Analysis, Visualization, and Informatics Lab-space (AnVIL) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.22.436044v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The traditional model of genomic data analysis - downloading data from centralized warehouses for analysis with local computing resources - is increasingly unsustainable. Not only are transfers slow and cost prohibitive, but this approach also leads to redundant and siloed compute infrastructure that makes it difficult to ensure security and compliance of protected data. The NHGRI Genomic Data Science Analysis, Visualization, and Informatics Lab-space (AnVIL; https://anvilproject.org) inverts this model, providing a unified cloud computing environment for data storage, management, and analysis. AnVIL eliminates the need for data movement, allows for active threat detection and monitoring, and provides scalable, shared computing resources that can be acquired by researchers as needed. This presents many new opportunities for collaboration and data sharing that will ultimately lead to scientific discoveries at scales not previously possible.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schatz, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Philippakis, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Afgan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banks, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carey, V. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carroll, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Culotti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellrott, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goecks, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grossman, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leek, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Donnell Luria, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mosher, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morgan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nekrutenko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Connor, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osborn, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paten, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patterson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Overby Taylor, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vessio, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waldron, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wuichet, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>AnVIL Team,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.22.436044</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inverting the model of genomics data sharing with the NHGRI Genomic Data Science Analysis, Visualization, and Informatics Lab-space (AnVIL)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.07.442851v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Key kinematic features in early training predict performance of adult female mice in a single pellet reaching and grasping task 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.07.442851v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Detailed analyses of overly trained animal models have been long employed to decipher foundational features of skilled motor tasks and their underlying neurobiology. However, initial trial-and-error features that ultimately give rise to skilled, stereotypic movements, and the underlying neurobiological basis of flexibility in learning, to stereotypic movement in adult animals are still unclear. Knowledge obtained from addressing these questions is crucial to improve quality of life in patients affected by movement disorders.

We sought to determine if known kinematic parameters of skilled movement in humans could predict learning of motor efficiency in mice during the single pellet reaching and grasping assay. Mice were food restricted to increase motivation to reach for a high reward food pellet. Their attempts to retrieve the pellet were recorded for 10 minutes a day for continuous 4 days. Individual successful and failed reaches for each mouse were manually tracked using Tracker Motion Analysis Software to extract time series data and kinematic features. We found the number of peaks and time to maximum velocity were strong predictors of individual variation in failure and success, respectively. Overall, our approach validates the use of select kinematic features to describe fine motor skill acquisition in mice and establishes peaks and time to maximum velocity as predictive measure of natural variation in motion efficiency in mice. This manually curated dataset, and kinematic parameters would be useful in comparing with pose estimation generated from deep learning approaches.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mykins, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wade, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, B. Y. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.07.442851</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Key kinematic features in early training predict performance of adult female mice in a single pellet reaching and grasping task]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.12.452063v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A complete reference genome improves analysis of human genetic variation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.12.452063v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Compared to its predecessors, the Telomere-to-Telomere CHM13 genome adds nearly 200 Mbp of sequence, corrects thousands of structural errors, and unlocks the most complex regions of the human genome to clinical and functional study. Here we demonstrate how the new reference universally improves read mapping and variant calling for 3,202 and 17 globally diverse samples sequenced with short and long reads, respectively. We identify hundreds of thousands of novel variants per sample--a new frontier for evolutionary and biomedical discovery. Simultaneously, the new reference eliminates tens of thousands of spurious variants per sample, including up to 12-fold reduction of false positives in 269 medically relevant genes. The vast improvement in variant discovery coupled with population and functional genomic resources position T2T-CHM13 to replace GRCh38 as the prevailing reference for human genetics.

One Sentence SummaryThe T2T-CHM13 reference genome universally improves the analysis of human genetic variation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aganezov, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soto, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirsche, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zarate, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avdeyev, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shafin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shumate, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDaniel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sauria, M. E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vollger, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rhie, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meredith, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koren, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenfeld, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paten, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Layer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chin, C.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sedlazeck, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, N. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillippy, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miga, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCoy, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dennis, M. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zook, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schatz, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.12.452063</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A complete reference genome improves analysis of human genetic variation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.17.456680v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Arf6 anchors Cdr2 nodes at the cell cortex to control cell size at division 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.17.456680v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fission yeast cells prevent mitotic entry until a threshold cell surface area is reached. The protein kinase Cdr2 contributes to this size control system by forming multiprotein nodes that inhibit Wee1 at the medial cell cortex. Cdr2 node anchoring at the cell cortex is not fully understood. Through a genomic screen, we identified the conserved GTPase Arf6 as a component of Cdr2 signaling. Cells lacking Arf6 failed to divide at a threshold surface area and instead shifted to volume-based divisions at increased overall size. Arf6 stably localized to Cdr2 nodes in its GTP-bound but not GDP-bound state, and its GEF (guanine nucleotide exchange factor) Syt22 was required for both Arf6 node localization and proper size at division. In arf6{Delta} mutants, Cdr2 nodes detached from the membrane and exhibited increased dynamics. These defects were enhanced when arf6{Delta} was combined with other node mutants. Our work identifies a regulated anchor for Cdr2 nodes that is required for cells to sense surface area.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Opalko, H. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vargas-Garcia, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keogh, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moseley, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.17.456680</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Arf6 anchors Cdr2 nodes at the cell cortex to control cell size at division]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.27.465806v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
QTL analysis of vegetative phase change in natural accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.27.465806v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Shoot development in plants is divided into two phases, a vegetative phase and a reproductive phase. Vegetative growth also has two distinct juvenile and adult phases, the transition between which is termed vegetative phase change. To understand how this developmental transition is regulated in natural populations of plants, we grew a group of 70 accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana and measured the appearance of traits associated with vegetative and reproductive phase change. We found that these transitions were uncorrelated, implying they are regulated by different mechanisms. Furthermore, an analysis of accessions from Central Asia revealed that precocious changes in leaf shape poorly correlated with the timing of abaxial trichome production (an adult trait) and with variation in the level of miR156 (a key regulator of vegetative phase change). This suggests the timing of vegetative phase change is regulated by more than one mechanism. To identify the genes responsible for the precocious vegetative phenotype of these accessions, we used a set of recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between the standard lab strain, Col-0, and one of these accessions, Shakdara. We identified eight quantitative trait loci involved in the vegetative phase change, some of which regulated different components of leaf development. All of these loci were distinct from those that regulate flowering time. These data provide the foundation for future studies to identify the loci and the regulatory networks responsible for natural variation in the timing of vegetative phase change in A. thaliana.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Doody, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zha, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poethig, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.27.465806</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[QTL analysis of vegetative phase change in natural accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.29.490035v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic architecture of spatially complex color patterning in hybrid Mimulus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.29.490035v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hybridization generates inter-genomic interactions, which may result in unique traits not seen in either parent species. Here we explore the genetic basis of both carotenoid and anthocyanin floral pigmentation in hybrids between monkeyflower species Mimulus cupreus and M. luteus var. variegatus. Mimulus cupreus has abundant yellow carotenoid pigmentation in its petal lobes, while M. l. variegatus has a derived reduction in carotenoid intensity. Thus, as expected, carotenoid intensity segregates in an F2 hybrid population. More surprisingly, both species appear to have petal lobes solidly and identically covered in magenta anthocyanin pigment (which, when overlaid on the bright yellow carotenoid background, leads to an orange color in M. cupreus), yet F1 and F2 hybrids exhibit novel and complex spatial patterns of anthocyanin spotting. A rare yellow morph of M. cupreus, which lacks petal anthocyanins, also generates spatially patterned offspring when hybridized with M. l. variegatus. We use this cross, together with newly developed high-quality genome assembly of M. l. luteus and image analysis tools, to investigate the genetic architecture of color and pattern variation in an F2 hybrid population. We report a single QTL, containing the Beta-carotene hydroxylase (BCH) gene, associated with the non-patterned carotenoid reduction in M. l. variegatus. HPLC shows that relative beta-carotene abundance differs between dark yellow and light yellow petals, supporting a causal role for BCH. The presence versus absence of petal lobe anthocyanin segregates in a 3:1 ratio, and we report (as expected) an associated QTL encompassing the anthocyanin activator MYB5a/NEGAN which has previously been shown to be both necessary and sufficient to activate petal lobe anthocyanins in M. l. variegatus. Anthocyanin patterning was more complex, with seven QTLs associated with five quantitative patterning traits on the upper petals; 11 on the lower petals; and three qualitative whole-flower patterning traits. Although power was too limited to effectively test for epistatic interactions in this cross, the QTLs provide candidate genomic regions for further investigating the molecular mechanisms of spatially complex floral color patterning, and multiple candidate genes are identified including anthocyanin activators and an anthocyanin repressor.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cooley, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlutius, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matthews, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edger, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Platts, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LaFountain, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hundley, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Y.-w.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Twyford, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puzey, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.29.490035</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic architecture of spatially complex color patterning in hybrid Mimulus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.11.503562v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phosphorylation of the Smooth Muscle Master Splicing Regulator RBPMS Regulates its Splicing Activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.11.503562v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We previously identified RBPMS as a master regulator of alternative splicing in differentiated smooth muscle cells (SMCs). RBPMS is transcriptionally downregulated during SMC dedifferentiation, but we hypothesized that RBPMS protein activity might be acutely downregulated by post-translational modifications. Publicly available phosphoproteomic datasets reveal that Thr113 and Thr118 immediately adjacent to the RRM domain are commonly both phosphorylated. An RBPMS T113/118 phosphomimetic T/E mutant showed decreased splicing regulatory activity both in transfected cells and in a cell-free in vitro assay, while a non-phosphorylatable T/A mutant retained full activity. Loss of splicing activity was associated with a modest reduction in RNA affinity but significantly reduced RNA binding in nuclear extract. A lower degree of oligomerization of the T/E mutant might cause lower avidity of multivalent RNA binding. However, NMR analysis also revealed that the T113/118E peptide acts as an RNA mimic which can loop back and antagonize RNA-binding by the RRM domain. Finally, we identified ERK2 as the most likely kinase responsible for phosphorylation at Thr113 and Thr118. Collectively, our data identify a potential mechanism for rapid modulation of the SMC splicing program in response to external signals during the vascular injury response and atherogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barnhart, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakagaki-Silva, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammond, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pizzinga, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gooding, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stott, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.11.503562</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phosphorylation of the Smooth Muscle Master Splicing Regulator RBPMS Regulates its Splicing Activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.14.503777v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tissue-Like 3D Standard and Protocols for Microscope Quality Management 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.14.503777v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This article outlines a global study conducted by the Association of Biomedical Resource Facilities (ABRF) Light Microscopy Research Group (LMRG). The results present a novel 3D tissue-like biologically relevant standard sample that is affordable and straightforward to prepare. Detailed sample preparation and instrument specific image acquisition protocols and image analysis methods are presented and made available to the community. The standard consists of sub-resolution and large well characterized relative intensity fluorescence microspheres embedded in a 120 {micro}m thick 3D gel with a refractive index of 1.365. The standard allows the evaluation of several properties as a function of depth. These include: 1) microscope resolution with automated analysis of the point spread function (PSF), 2) automated signal-to-noise- ratio analysis, 3) calibration and correction of fluorescence intensity loss, and 4) quantitative relative intensity. Results demonstrate expected refractive index mismatch dependent losses in intensity and resolution with depth but the relative intensities of different objects at similar depths were maintained. This is a robust standard showing reproducible results across laboratories, microscope manufacturers and objective lens types (e.g. magnification, immersion medium). Thus, these tools will be valuable for the global community to benchmark fluorescence microscopes and will contribute to improved rigor and reproducibility.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Abrams, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pengo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deagle, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vuillemin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wee, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Callahan, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kubow, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Girard, A.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rappoport, J. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bayles, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cameron, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cole, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.14.503777</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tissue-Like 3D Standard and Protocols for Microscope Quality Management]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.19.508542v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Synthetic maize centromeres transmit chromosomes across generations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.19.508542v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Centromeres are long, often repetitive regions of genomes that bind kinetochore proteins and ensure normal chromosome segregation. Engineering centromeres that function in vivo has proven to be difficult. Here we describe a LexA-CENH3 tethering approach that activates functional centromeres at maize synthetic repeat arrays containing LexO binding sites. The synthetic centromeres are sufficient to cause chromosome breakage and release of chromosome fragments that are passed through meiosis and into progeny. Several independent chromosomes were identified, each with newly created centromeres localized over the repeat arrays where they were directed. The new centromeres were self-sustaining and stably transmitted chromosomes to progeny in the absence of the LexA-CENH3 activator. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using synthetic centromeres for karyotype engineering applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dawe, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gent, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, F.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swentowsky, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piri, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.19.508542</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Synthetic maize centromeres transmit chromosomes across generations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.28.514292v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ubiquitination steers SRF3 plasma membrane nano-organization to specify signaling outputs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.28.514292v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Organisms cope with myriads of competing and conflicting environmental signals. These signals are often perceived by cell surface receptor kinases to mount appropriate adaptive responses. However, it is not well understood by which mechanism single receptor kinases can transduce different signals. The plant receptor kinase SRF3 transduces low iron and bacteria-derived signals. We found that upon these signals, ubiquitinated SRF3 is recognized by clathrin-mediated endocytosis for vacuolar targeting. Live super resolution microscopy revealed that cell surface SRF3 is present in a fast diffusible fraction, which is sustained by ubiquitination, and that non-ubiquitinated SRF3 is present in immobile nanodomains. Ubiquitination-mediated degradation of SRF3 is required for signaling only under low iron but not upon flg22 perception. Flg22-triggered SRF3 phosphorylation leads to SRF3 accumulation in the immobile fraction in which degradation is restricted, thereby preventing low iron signaling. We therefore propose that ubiquitination-dependent plasma membrane nano-organization of SRF3 specifies its signal transduction pathways.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Platre, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gleason, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brent, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satbhai, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neveu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vert, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Busch, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.28.514292</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ubiquitination steers SRF3 plasma membrane nano-organization to specify signaling outputs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.16.516796v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Root Walker: an automated pipeline for large scale quantification of early root growth responses at high spatial and temporal resolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.16.516796v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plants are sessile organisms that constantly adapt to their changing environment. The root is exposed to numerous environmental signals ranging from nutrients and water to microbial molecular patterns. These signals can trigger distinct responses including the rapid increase or decrease of root growth. Consequently, using root growth as a readout for signal perception can help decipher which external cues are perceived by roots, and how these signals are integrated. To date, studies measuring root growth responses using large numbers of roots have been limited by a lack of high-throughput image acquisition, poor scalability of analytical methods, or low spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we developed the Root Walker pipeline, which uses automated microscopes to acquire time-series images of many roots exposed to controlled treatments with high-spatiotemporal-resolution, in conjunction with fast and automated image analysis software. We demonstrate the power of Root Walker by quantifying root growth rate responses at different time and throughput scales upon treatments with natural auxin, and upon treatment with two mitogen-associated protein kinase cascade inhibitors. We find a concentration-dependent root growth response to auxin and reveal the specificity of one MAPK inhibitor. We further demonstrate the ability of Root Walker for conducting genetic screens by performing a genome wide association study on 260 accessions under 2 weeks. This revealed known and unknown root growth regulators. Root Walker promises to be a useful toolkit for the plant science community, allowing large-scale screening of root growth dynamics for a variety of purposes, including genetic screens for root sensing and root growth response mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Platre, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halvorson, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehta, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brent, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matias, G. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faizi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Busch, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.16.516796</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Root Walker: an automated pipeline for large scale quantification of early root growth responses at high spatial and temporal resolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.04.522774v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrative proteogenomics using ProteomeGenerator2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.04.522774v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent advances in nucleic acid sequencing now permit rapid and genome-scale analysis of genetic variation and transcription, enabling population-scale studies of human biology, disease, and diverse organisms. Likewise, advances in mass spectrometry proteomics now permit highly sensitive and accurate studies of protein expression at the whole proteome-scale. However, most proteomic studies rely on consensus databases to match spectra to peptide and proteins sequences, and thus remain limited to the analysis of canonical protein sequences. Here, we develop ProteomeGenerator2 (PG2), based on the scalable and modular ProteomeGenerator framework. PG2 integrates genome and transcriptome sequencing to incorporate protein variants containing amino acid substitutions, insertions, and deletions, as well as non-canonical reading frames, exons, and other variants caused by genomic and transcriptomic variation. We benchmarked PG2 using synthetic data and genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analysis of human leukemia cells. PG2 can be integrated with current and emerging sequencing technologies, assemblers, variant callers, and mass spectral analysis algorithms, and is available open-source from https://github.com/kentsisresearchgroup/ProteomeGenerator2.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kwok, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aretz, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ser, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cifani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kentsis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.04.522774</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrative proteogenomics using ProteomeGenerator2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.05.522932v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Loss of secondary motor cortex neurons in chronic neuropathic pain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.05.522932v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chronic neuropathic pain is associated with structural plasticity of the brain on different spatial scales, yet, little is known on the mesoscopic scale of tissue composition. Here, we determined the cellular composition of cortical areas and structural variability of entire neurons during the development of chronic neuropathic pain using longitudinal in vivo two-photon microscopy and behavioral assessment. When monitoring cell type composition in response to spared-nerve injury in 84 cortical volumes containing {bsim}25000 cells each, we found neuronal loss in the secondary motor cortex region M2 immediately adjacent to the cingulate cortex already one week after surgery. Loss of mostly interneurons was also evident when monitoring individual M2 neurons over time. This neuronal loss was preceded by decreased spine density and loss of distal dendritic branches. In conclusion, our work delineates M2 as a novel site and neuronal loss as a so far underappreciated mechanism underlying chronic neuropathic pain states.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Das Gupta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>John, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaushalya, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beretta, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knabbe, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuner, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.05.522932</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Loss of secondary motor cortex neurons in chronic neuropathic pain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.23.525191v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanism of an alternative splicing switch mediated by cell-specific and general splicing regulators 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.23.525191v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alternative pre-mRNA splicing is regulated by RNA binding proteins (RBPs) that activate or repress regulated splice sites. Repressive RBPs bind stably to target RNAs via multivalent interactions, which can be achieved by both homo-oligomerization and by interactions with other RBPs mediated by intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs). Cell-specific splicing decisions commonly involve the action of widely expressed RBPs that can bind around target exons, but without effect in the absence of a key cell-specific regulator. To address how cell-specific regulators collaborate with constitutive RBPs in alternative splicing regulation we used the smooth-muscle specific regulator RBPMS. Recombinant RBPMS is sufficient to switch cell specific alternative splicing of Tpm1 exon 3 in cell free assays by remodelling ribonucleprotein complexes and preventing assembly of ATP-dependent splicing complexes. This activity depends upon its C-terminal IDR, which facilitates dynamic higher-order self-assembly, cooperative binding to multivalent RNA, and interactions with other splicing co-regulators, including MBNL1 and RBFOX2. Our data show how a cell-specific RBP can co-opt more widely expressed regulatory RBPs to facilitate cooperative assembly of stable cell-specific regulatory complexes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Smith, C. W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakagaki-Silva, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peacey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Partridge, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gooding, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.23.525191</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanism of an alternative splicing switch mediated by cell-specific and general splicing regulators]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.13.536815v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Building functional circuits in multispecies brains. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.13.536815v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The genome is the ultimate architect of the brain. Its evolutionary variations build the neural circuits that endow each species with its innate senses and behaviors. A central question for neuroscience and translational medicine is whether neural circuits from two species can be made to function in an intact brain. Here, we establish genetic tools and use blastocyst complementation to selectively build and test interspecies neural circuits in rat-mouse brains. Despite [~]10-20 million years of evolution and prominent differences in brain size and cellular composition, rat pluripotent stem cells injected into mouse blastocysts widely populate and persist in the mouse brain. Unexpectedly, the mouse niche reprograms the birthdates of cortical and hippocampal rat neurons, where they also form synaptically active rat-mouse circuits. By genetically disabling host olfactory circuitry, we show that rat neurons restore synaptic information flow from the nose to the cortex. Rat neurons can also rescue a primal olfactory behavior (food-seeking), though less than mouse controls. By enabling a mouse to sense the world with rat neurons, we highlight the power of interspecies neural blastocyst complementation to uncover mechanisms of neural circuit development and evolution, and to inform efforts to rescue neural circuits affected by injury or disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Throesch, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imtiaz, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munoz-Castaneda, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sakurai, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lippi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuprianov, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osten, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belmonte, J. C. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baldwin, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.13.536815</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Building functional circuits in multispecies brains.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/220947v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Improved genome assembly and annotation for the rock pigeon (Columba livia) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/220947v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The domestic rock pigeon (Columba livia) is among the most widely distributed and phenotypically diverse avian species. This species is broadly studied in ecology, genetics, physiology, behavior, and evolutionary biology, and has recently emerged as a model for understanding the molecular basis of anatomical diversity, the magnetic sense, and other key aspects of avian biology. Here we report an update to the C. livia genome reference assembly and gene annotation dataset. Greatly increased scaffold lengths in the updated reference assembly, along with an updated annotation set, provide improved tools for evolutionary and functional genetic studies of the pigeon, and for comparative avian genomics in general.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Holt, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keays, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edelman, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kapusta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maclary, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Domyan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warrenb, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yandell, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shapiro, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/220947</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Improved genome assembly and annotation for the rock pigeon (Columba livia)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/292078v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Non-parametric and semi-parametric support estimation using SEquential RESampling random walks on biomolecular sequences 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/292078v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Non-parametric and semi-parametric resampling procedures are widely used to perform support estimation in computational biology and bioinformatics. Among the most widely used methods in this class is the standard bootstrap method, which consists of random sampling with replacement. While not requiring assumptions about any particular parametric model for resampling purposes, the bootstrap and related techniques assume that sites are independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.). The i.i.d. assumption can be an over-simplification for many problems in computational biology and bioinformatics. In particular, sequential dependence within biomolecular sequences is often an essential biological feature due to biochemical function, evolutionary processes such as recombination, and other factors.nnTo relax the simplifying i.i.d. assumption, we propose a new non-parametric/semi-parametric sequential resampling technique that generalizes "Heads-or-Tails" mirrored inputs, a simple but clever technique due to Landan and Graur. The generalized procedure takes the form of random walks along either aligned or unaligned biomolecular sequences. We refer to our new method as the SERES (or "SEquential RESampling") method.nnTo demonstrate the flexibility of the new technique, we apply SERES to two different applications - one involving aligned inputs and the other involving unaligned inputs. Using simulated and empirical data, we show that SERES-based support estimation yields comparable or typically better performance compared to state-of-the-art methods for both applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hejase, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/292078</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Non-parametric and semi-parametric support estimation using SEquential RESampling random walks on biomolecular sequences]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/294918v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular architecture of the mouse nervous system 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/294918v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mammalian nervous system executes complex behaviors controlled by specialised, precisely positioned and interacting cell types. Here, we used RNA sequencing of half a million single cells to create a detailed census of cell types in the mouse nervous system. We mapped cell types spatially and derived a hierarchical, data-driven taxonomy. Neurons were the most diverse, and were grouped by developmental anatomical units, and by the expression of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. Neuronal diversity was driven by genes encoding cell identity, synaptic connectivity, neurotransmission and membrane conductance. We discovered several distinct, regionally restricted, astrocytes types, which obeyed developmental boundaries and correlated with the spatial distribution of key glutamate and glycine neurotransmitters. In contrast, oligodendrocytes showed a loss of regional identity, followed by a secondary diversification. The resource presented here lays a solid foundation for understanding the molecular architecture of the mammalian nervous system, and enables genetic manipulation of specific cell types.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zeisel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hochgerner, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lonnerberg, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnsson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Memic, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Zwan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haring, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braun, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borm, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>La Manno, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Codeluppi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furlan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skene, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hjerling Leffler, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arenas, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ernfors, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marklund, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Linnarsson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/294918</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular architecture of the mouse nervous system]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/362756v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Representation Learning of Genomic Sequence Motifs with Convolutional Neural Networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/362756v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been applied to a variety of computational genomics problems, there remains a large gap in our understanding of how they build representations of regulatory genomic sequences. Here we perform systematic experiments on synthetic sequences to reveal how CNN architecture, specifically convolutional filter size and max-pooling, influences the extent that sequence motif representations are learned by first layer filters. We find that CNNs designed to foster hierarchical representation learning of sequence motifs - assembling partial features into whole features in deeper layers - tend to learn distributed representations, i.e. partial motifs. On the other hand, CNNs that are designed to limit the ability to hierarchically build sequence motif representations in deeper layers tend to learn more interpretable localist representations, i.e. whole motifs. We then validate that this representation learning principle established from synthetic sequences generalizes to in vivo sequences.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Koo, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eddy, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/362756</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Representation Learning of Genomic Sequence Motifs with Convolutional Neural Networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/370296v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Illuminating spatial A-to-I RNA editing signatures within the Drosophila brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/370296v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryAdenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing, catalyzed by ADAR enzymes, is a ubiquitous mechanism that generates transcriptomic diversity. This process is particularly important for proper neuronal function; however, little is known about how RNA editing is dynamically regulated between the many functionally distinct neuronal populations of the brain. In this resource paper, we present a spatial RNA editing map in the Drosophila brain and show that different neuronal populations possess distinct RNA editing signatures. After purifying and sequencing RNA from genetically marked neuronal nuclei, we identified a large number of novel editing sites and compared editing levels in hundreds of transcripts across nine functionally different neuronal populations. We found distinct editing repertoires for each population, including novel sites in repeat regions of the transcriptome and differential editing in highly conserved and likely functional regions of transcripts that encode essential neuronal genes. These changes are site-specific and not driven by changes in Adar expression, suggesting a complex, targeted regulation of editing levels in key transcripts. This fine-tuning of the transcriptome between different neurons by RNA editing may account for functional differences between distinct populations in the brain.nnSignificance StatementA fundamental question in contemporary neuroscience is how the remarkable cellular diversity required for the intricate function of the nervous system is achieved. In this manuscript, we bridge the gap between a cellular machinery that is known to diversify the transcriptome and the existence of distinct neuronal populations that compose Drosophila brain. Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA-editing is a ubiquitous mechanism that generates transcriptomic diversity in cells by recoding certain adenosines within the pre-mRNA sequence into inosines. We present a spatial map of RNA editing across different neuronal populations in Drosophila brain. Each neuronal population has a distinct editing signature, with the majority of differential editing occurring in highly conserved regions of transcripts that encode ion channels and other essential neuronal genes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sapiro, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shmueli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henry, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shalit, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yaron, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paas, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shohat-Ophir, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/370296</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Illuminating spatial A-to-I RNA editing signatures within the Drosophila brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/777284v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In vivo glucoregulation and tissue-specific glucose uptake in female Akt substrate 160 kDa knockout rats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/777284v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This manuscript was removed because it posted owing to a technical error
]]></description>
<dc:creator>ZHENG, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arias, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saunders, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cartee, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/777284</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In vivo glucoregulation and tissue-specific glucose uptake in female Akt substrate 160 kDa knockout rats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.15.540823v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tumor Cytokine-Induced Hepatic Gluconeogenesis Contributes to Cancer Cachexia: Insights from Full Body Single Nuclei Sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.15.540823v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryA primary cause of death in cancer patients is cachexia, a wasting syndrome attributed to tumor-induced metabolic dysregulation. Despite the major impact of cachexia on the treatment, quality of life, and survival of cancer patients, relatively little is known about the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Hyperglycemia detected in glucose tolerance test is one of the earliest metabolic abnormalities observed in cancer patients; however, the pathogenesis by which tumors influence blood sugar levels remains poorly understood. Here, utilizing a Drosophila model, we demonstrate that the tumor secreted interleukin-like cytokine Upd3 induces fat body expression of Pepck1 and Pdk, two key regulatory enzymes of gluconeogenesis, contributing to hyperglycemia. Our data further indicate a conserved regulation of these genes by IL-6/JAK STAT signaling in mouse models. Importantly, in both fly and mouse cancer cachexia models, elevated gluconeogenesis gene levels are associated with poor prognosis. Altogether, our study uncovers a conserved role of Upd3/IL-6/JAK-STAT signaling in inducing tumor-associated hyperglycemia, which provides insights into the pathogenesis of IL-6 signaling in cancer cachexia.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=162 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/540823v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@508c1aorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1e1eecorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1802559org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@140e6c_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dantas, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Comjean, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goncalves, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janowitz, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perrimon, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.15.540823</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tumor Cytokine-Induced Hepatic Gluconeogenesis Contributes to Cancer Cachexia: Insights from Full Body Single Nuclei Sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.27.542553v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pseudouridine guides germline small RNA transport and epigenetic inheritance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.27.542553v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Epigenetic modifications that arise during plant and animal development, such as DNA and histone modification, are mostly reset during gamete formation, but some are inherited from the germline including those marking imprinted genes1. Small RNAs guide these epigenetic modifications, and some are also inherited by the next generation2,3. In C. elegans, these inherited small RNAs have poly (UG) tails4, but how inherited small RNAs are distinguished in other animals and plants is unknown. Pseudouridine ({Psi}) is the most abundant RNA modification but has not been explored in small RNAs. Here, we develop novel assays to detect {Psi} in short RNA sequences, demonstrating its presence in mouse and Arabidopsis microRNAs and their precursors. We also detect substantial enrichment in germline small RNAs, namely epigenetically activated siRNAs (easiRNAs) in Arabidopsis pollen, and piwi-interacting piRNAs in mouse testis. In pollen, pseudouridylated easiRNAs are localized to sperm cells, and we found that PAUSED/HEN5 (PSD), the plant homolog of Exportin-t, interacts genetically with {Psi} and is required for transport of easiRNAs into sperm cells from the vegetative nucleus. We further show that Exportin-t is required for the triploid block: chromosome dosage-dependent seed lethality that is epigenetically inherited from pollen. Thus, {Psi} has a conserved role in marking inherited small RNAs in the germline.

One-Sentence SummaryPseudouridine marks germline small RNAs in plants and mammals, impacting epigenetic inheritance via nuclear transport.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Herridge, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolata, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Migliori, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Santis Alves, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borges, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Ex, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bajczyk, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leonardi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hendrick, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schorn, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kouzarides, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martienssen, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.27.542553</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pseudouridine guides germline small RNA transport and epigenetic inheritance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.04.543586v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-throughput confocal airy beam oblique light-sheet tomography of brain-wide imaging at single-cell resolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.04.543586v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Brain research is an area of research characterized by its cutting-edge nature, with brain mapping constituting a crucial aspect of this field. As sequencing tools have played a crucial role in gene sequencing, brain mapping largely depends on automated, high-throughput and high-resolution imaging techniques. Over the years, the demand for high-throughput imaging has scaled exponentially with the rapid development of microscopic brain mapping. In this paper, we introduce the novel concept of confocal Airy beam into oblique light-sheet tomography named CAB-OLST. We demonstrate that this technique enables the high throughput of brain-wide imaging of long-distance axon projection for the entire mouse brain at a resolution of 0.26 m x 0.26 m x 1.06 m in 58 hours. This technique represents an innovative contribution to the field of brain research by setting a new standard for high-throughput imaging techniques.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qi, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castaneda, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narasimhan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elowsky, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drewes, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mizrachi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osten, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.04.543586</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-throughput confocal airy beam oblique light-sheet tomography of brain-wide imaging at single-cell resolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.16.545223v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CyVerse: Cyberinfrastructure for Open Science 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.16.545223v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CyVerse, the largest publicly-funded open-source research cyberinfrastructure for life sciences, has played a crucial role in advancing data-driven research since the 2010s. As the technology landscape evolved with the emergence of cloud computing platforms, machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) applications, CyVerse has enabled access by providing interfaces, Software as a Service (SaaS), and cloud-native Infrastructure as Code (IaC) to leverage new technologies. CyVerse services enable researchers to integrate institutional and private computational resources, custom software, perform analyses, and publish data in accordance with open science principles. Over the past 13 years, CyVerse has registered more than 110,000 verified accounts from 160 countries and was used for over 1,600 peer-reviewed publications. Since 2011, 45,000 students and researchers have been trained to use CyVerse. The platform has been replicated and deployed in two countries outside the US, with additional private deployments on commercial clouds for US government agencies and multinational corporations. In this manuscript, we present a strategic blueprint for creating and managing SaaS cyberinfrastructure and IaC as free and open-source software.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Swetnam, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antin, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartelme, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bucksch, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camhy, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chism, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooksey, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cosi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cowen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Culshaw-Maurer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davey, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davey, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devisetty, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edgin, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edmonds, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fedorov, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frady, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fonner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillan, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hossain, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joyce, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Littin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mcewen, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merchant, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Micklos, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramsey, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarando, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skidmore, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sprinkle, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srinivasan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strootman, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stryeck, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuteja, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaughn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wali, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wall, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walls, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wickizer, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wregglesworth, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.16.545223</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CyVerse: Cyberinfrastructure for Open Science]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.20.545706v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Protein evolvability under rewired genetic codes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.20.545706v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The standard genetic code defines the rules of translation for nearly every life form on Earth. It also determines the amino acid changes accessible via single-nucleotide mutations, thus influencing protein evolvability -- the ability of mutation to bring forth adaptive variation in protein function. One of the most striking features of the standard genetic code is its robustness to mutation, yet it remains an open question whether this robustness facilitates or frustrates protein evolvability. To answer this question, we use data from massively-parallel sequence-to-function assays to construct and analyze empirical adaptive landscapes under hundreds of thousands of rewired genetic codes, including those of codon compression schemes relevant to protein engineering and synthetic biology. We find that robust genetic codes tend to enhance protein evolvability by rendering smooth adaptive landscapes with few peaks, which are readily accessible from throughout sequence space. By constructing low-dimensional visualizations of these landscapes, which each comprise more than 16 million mRNA sequences, we demonstrate that alternative genetic codes can radically alter the topological features of the network of high-fitness genotypes. Whereas the genetic codes that optimize evolvability depend to some extent on the detailed relationship between amino acid sequence and protein function, we also uncover general design principles for engineering non-standard genetic codes for enhanced and diminished evolvability, which may facilitate directed protein evolution experiments and the biocontainment of synthetic organisms, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that the standard genetic code, a critical and near-universal cellular information processing system, not only mitigates replication and translation errors as compared to most alternative genetic codes, but also facilitates predictable and directional adaptive evolution by enabling evolving populations to readily find mutational paths to adaptation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rozhonova, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marti-Gomez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCandlish, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payne, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.20.545706</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Protein evolvability under rewired genetic codes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.25.546420v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HPC-based genome variant calling workflow (HPC-GVCW) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.25.546420v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A high-performance computing genome variant calling workflow was designed to run GATK on HPC platforms. This workflow efficiently called an average of 27.3 M, 32.6 M, 168.9 M, and 16.2 M SNPs for rice, sorghum, maize, and soybean, respectively, on the most recently released high-quality reference sequences. Analysis of a rice pan-genome reference panel revealed 2.1 M novel SNPs that have yet to be publicly released.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kathiresan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivera, L. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thimma, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manickam, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chebotarov, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mauleon, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chougule, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuccolo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ware, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McNally, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wing, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.25.546420</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HPC-based genome variant calling workflow (HPC-GVCW)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.26.546404v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Engaged decision-makers align spontaneous movements to stereotyped task demands 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.26.546404v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Existing work demonstrates that animals alternate between engaged and disengaged states during perceptual decision-making. To understand the neural signature of these states, we performed cortex-wide measurements of neural activity in mice making auditory decisions. The trial-averaged magnitude of neural activity was similar in the two states. However, the trial-to-trial variance in neural activity was higher during disengagement. To understand this increased variance, we trained separate linear encoding models on neural data from each state. The models demonstrated that although task variables and task-aligned movements impacted neural activity similarly during the two states, movements that are independent of task events explained more variance during disengagement. Behavioral analyses uncovered that during disengagement, movements become uncoupled to task events. Taken together, these results argue that the neural signature of disengagement, though obscured in trial-averaged neural activity, is evident in trial-to-trial variability driven by changing patterns of spontaneous movements.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rojas-Bowe, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Couto, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gluf, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kostiuk, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Musall, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Churchland, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.26.546404</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Engaged decision-makers align spontaneous movements to stereotyped task demands]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.27.546757v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stochastic coding: a conserved feature of odor representations and its implications for odor discrimination 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.27.546757v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sparse coding is thought to improve discrimination of sensory stimuli by reducing overlap between their representations. Two factors, however, can offset sparse codings advantages. Similar sensory stimuli have significant overlap, and responses vary across trials. To elucidate the effect of these two factors, we analyzed odor responses in the fly and mouse olfactory regions implicated in learning and discrimination -- the Mushroom Body (MB) and the Piriform Cortex (PCx). In both species, we show that neuronal responses fall along a continuum from extremely reliable across trials to extremely variable or stochastic. Computationally, we show that the range of observed variability arises from probabilistic synapses in inhibitory feedback connections within central circuits rather than sensory noise, as is traditionally assumed. We propose this coding scheme to be advantageous for coarse- and fine-odor discrimination. More reliable cells enable quick discrimination between dissimilar odors. For similar odors, however, these cells overlap, and do not provide distinguishing information. By contrast, more unreliable cells are decorrelated for similar odors, providing distinguishing information, though this requires extended training with more trials. Overall, we have uncovered a stochastic coding scheme that is conserved in vertebrates and invertebrates, and we identify a candidate mechanism, based on variability in a winner-take-all inhibitory circuit, that improves discrimination with training.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Srinivasan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daste, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Modi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleischmann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navlakha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.27.546757</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stochastic coding: a conserved feature of odor representations and its implications for odor discrimination]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.04.547681v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Brain-Wide Map of Neural Activity during Complex Behaviour 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.04.547681v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A key challenge in neuroscience is understanding how neurons in hundreds of interconnected brain regions integrate sensory inputs with prior expectations to initiate movements and thereby make decisions. It is difficult to meet this challenge if different laboratories apply different analyses to different recordings in different regions during different behaviours. Here, we report a comprehensive set of recordings from 621733 neurons across 139 mice in 12 labs performing a decision-making task with sensory, motor, and cognitive components, obtained with 699 Neuropixels probe insertions covering 279 brain areas in the left forebrain and midbrain and the right hindbrain and cerebellum. We provide an initial appraisal of this brain-wide map, assessing how neural activity encoded key task variables. Representations of visual stimuli appeared transiently in classical visual areas after stimulus onset and then spread to ramp-like activity in a collection of mid- and hindbrain regions that also encoded choices. Neural responses correlated with motor action almost everywhere in the brain. Responses to reward delivery and consumption versus negative feedback were also widespread. This publicly available dataset represents an unprecedented resource for understanding how computations distributed across and within brain areas drive behaviour.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>International Brain Lab,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonacchi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carandini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Catarino, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chapuis, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Churchland, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dayan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeWitt, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engel, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fabbri, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faulkner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiete, I. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Findling, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freitas-Silva, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gercek, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hausser, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofer, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hubert, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huntenburg, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khanal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krasniak, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langdon, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, P. Y. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mainen, Z. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meijer, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miska, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mrsic-Flogel, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noel, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nylund, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan-Vazquez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pouget, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rossant, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roth, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaeffer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schartner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Socha</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.04.547681</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Brain-Wide Map of Neural Activity during Complex Behaviour]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.04.547684v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Brain-wide representations of prior information in mouse decision-making 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.04.547684v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The neural representations of prior information about the state of the world are poorly understood. To investigate them, we examined brain-wide Neuropixels recordings and widefield calcium imaging collected by the International Brain Laboratory. Mice were trained to indicate the location of a visual grating stimulus, which appeared on the left or right with prior probability alternating between 0.2 and 0.8 in blocks of variable length. We found that mice estimate this prior probability and thereby improve their decision accuracy. Furthermore, we report that this subjective prior is encoded in at least 20% to 30% of brain regions which, remarkably, span all levels of processing, from early sensory areas (LGd, VISp) to motor regions (MOs, MOp, GRN) and high level cortical regions (ACAd, ORBvl). This widespread representation of the prior is consistent with a neural model of Bayesian inference involving loops between areas, as opposed to a model in which the prior is incorporated only in decision-making areas. This study offers the first brain-wide perspective on prior encoding at cellular resolution, underscoring the importance of using large scale recordings on a single standardized task.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Findling, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hubert, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>International Brain Laboratory,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acerbi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonacchi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carandini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Catarino, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chapuis, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Churchland, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeWitt, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engel, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fabbri, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faulkner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiete, I. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freitas-Silva, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gercek, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hausser, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofer, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huntenburg, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khanal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krasniak, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langdon, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Latham, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, P. Y. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meijer, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miska, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mrsic-Flogel, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noel, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nylund, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paninski, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan-Vazquez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pillow, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rossant, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roth, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaeffer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schartn</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.04.547684</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Brain-wide representations of prior information in mouse decision-making]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.11.548598v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromatin remodeling of histone H3 variants underlies epigenetic inheritance of DNA methylation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.11.548598v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Epigenetic inheritance refers to the faithful replication of DNA methylation and histone modification independent of DNA sequence. Nucleosomes block access to DNA methyltransferases, unless they are remodeled by DECREASE IN DNA METHYLATION1 (DDM1Lsh/HELLS), a Snf2-like master regulator of epigenetic inheritance. We show that DDM1 activity results in replacement of the transcriptional histone variant H3.3 for the replicative variant H3.1 during the cell cycle. In ddm1 mutants, DNA methylation can be restored by loss of the H3.3 chaperone HIRA, while the H3.1 chaperone CAF-1 becomes essential. The single-particle cryo-EM structure at 3.2 [A] of DDM1 with a variant nucleosome reveals direct engagement at SHL2 with histone H3.3 at or near variant residues required for assembly, as well as with the deacetylated H4 tail. An N-terminal autoinhibitory domain binds H2A variants to allow remodeling, while a disulfide bond in the helicase domain is essential for activity in vivo and in vitro. We show that differential remodeling of H3 and H2A variants in vitro reflects preferential deposition in vivo. DDM1 co-localizes with H3.1 and H3.3 during the cell cycle, and with the DNA methyltransferase MET1Dnmt1. DDM1 localization to the chromosome is blocked by H4K16 acetylation, which accumulates at DDM1 targets in ddm1 mutants, as does the sperm cell specific H3.3 variant MGH3 in pollen, which acts as a placeholder nucleosome in the germline and contributes to epigenetic inheritance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ipsaro, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cahn, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lynn, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berube, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Major, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calarco, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LeBlanc, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramu, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grimanelli, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacob, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voigt, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshua-Tor, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martienssen, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.11.548598</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromatin remodeling of histone H3 variants underlies epigenetic inheritance of DNA methylation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.12.548689v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Teosinte Pollen Drive guides maize domestication and evolution by RNAi 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.12.548689v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Meiotic drivers subvert Mendelian expectations by manipulating reproductive development to bias their own transmission. Chromosomal drive typically functions in asymmetric female meiosis, while gene drive is normally postmeiotic and typically found in males. Using single molecule and single-pollen genome sequencing, we describe Teosinte Pollen Drive, an instance of gene drive in hybrids between maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) and teosinte mexicana (Zea mays ssp. mexicana), that depends on RNA interference (RNAi). 22nt small RNAs from a non-coding RNA hairpin in mexicana depend on Dicer-Like 2 (Dcl2) and target Teosinte Drive Responder 1 (Tdr1), which encodes a lipase required for pollen viability. Dcl2, Tdr1, and the hairpin are in tight pseudolinkage on chromosome 5, but only when transmitted through the male. Introgression of mexicana into early cultivated maize is thought to have been critical to its geographical dispersal throughout the Americas, and a tightly linked inversion in mexicana spans a major domestication sweep in modern maize. A survey of maize landraces and sympatric populations of teosinte mexicana reveals correlated patterns of admixture among unlinked genes required for RNAi on at least 4 chromosomes that are also subject to gene drive in pollen from synthetic hybrids. Teosinte Pollen Drive likely played a major role in maize domestication and diversification, and offers an explanation for the widespread abundance of "self" small RNAs in the germlines of plants and animals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Berube, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ernst, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cahn, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roche, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Santis Alves, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lynn, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheben, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siepel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ross-Ibarra, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kermicle, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martienssen, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.12.548689</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Teosinte Pollen Drive guides maize domestication and evolution by RNAi]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.22.550183v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The dynamics and geometry of choice in premotor cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.22.550183v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The brain represents sensory variables in the coordinated activity of neural populations, in which tuning curves of single neurons define the geometry of the population code. Whether the same coding principle holds for dynamic cognitive variables remains unknown because internal cognitive processes unfold with a unique time course on single trials observed only in the irregular spiking of heterogeneous neural populations. Here we show the existence of such a population code for the dynamics of choice formation in the primate premotor cortex. We developed an approach to simultaneously infer population dynamics and tuning functions of single neurons to the population state. Applied to spike data recorded during decision-making, our model revealed that populations of neurons encoded the same dynamic variable predicting choices, and heterogeneous firing rates resulted from the diverse tuning of single neurons to this decision variable. The inferred dynamics indicated an attractor mechanism for decision computation. Our results reveal a common geometric principle for neural encoding of sensory and dynamic cognitive variables.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Genkin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shenoy, K. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandrasekaran, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engel, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.22.550183</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The dynamics and geometry of choice in premotor cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.26.550685v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sexual coordination in a whole-brain map of prairie-vole pair-bonding 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.26.550685v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sexual bonds are central to the social lives of many species, including humans, and monogamous prairie voles have become the predominant model for investigating such attachments. We developed an automated whole-brain mapping pipeline to identify brain circuits underlying pair-bonding behavior. We identified bonding-related c-Fos induction in 68 brain regions clustered in seven major brain-wide neuronal circuits. These circuits include known regulators of bonding, such as the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, paraventricular hypothalamus, ventral pallidum, and prefrontal cortex. They also include brain regions previously unknown to shape bonding, such as ventromedial hypothalamus, medial preoptic area and the medial amygdala, but that play essential roles in bonding-relevant processes, such as sexual behavior, social reward and territorial aggression. Contrary to some hypotheses, we found that circuits active during mating and bonding were largely sexually monomorphic. Moreover, c-Fos induction across regions was strikingly consistent between members of a pair, with activity best predicted by rates of ejaculation. A novel cluster of regions centered in the amygdala remained coordinated after bonds had formed, suggesting novel substrates for bond maintenance. Our tools and results provide an unprecedented resource for elucidating the networks that translate sexual experience into an enduring bond.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gustison, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munoz-Castaneda, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osten, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phelps, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.26.550685</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sexual coordination in a whole-brain map of prairie-vole pair-bonding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.01.549180v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dendritic, delayed, and stochastic CaMKII activation underlies behavioral time scale plasticity in CA1 synapses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.01.549180v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Behavioral time scale plasticity (BTSP), is a form of non-Hebbian plasticity induced by integrating pre- and postsynaptic components separated by behavioral time scale (seconds). BTSP in the hippocampal CA1 neurons underlies place cell formation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this behavioral time scale (eligibility trace) and synapse specificity are unknown. CaMKII can be activated in a synapse-specific manner and remain active for a few seconds, making it a compelling candidate for the eligibility trace during BTSP. Here, we show that BTSP can be induced in a single dendritic spine using 2-photon glutamate uncaging paired with postsynaptic current injection temporally separated by behavioral time scale. Using an improved CaMKII sensor, we saw no detectable CaMKII activation during this BTSP induction. Instead, we observed a dendritic, delayed, and stochastic CaMKII activation (DDSC) associated with Ca2+ influx and plateau 20-40 s after BTSP induction. DDSC requires both pre-and postsynaptic activity, suggesting that CaMKII can integrate these two signals. Also, optogenetically blocking CaMKII 30 s after the BTSP protocol inhibited synaptic potentiation, indicating that DDSC is an essential mechanism of BTSP. IP3-dependent intracellular Ca2+ release facilitates both DDSC and BTSP. Thus, our study suggests that the non-synapse specific CaMKII activation provides an instructive signal with an extensive time window over tens of seconds during BTSP.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jain, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakahata, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watabe, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rusina, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>South, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adachi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simorowski, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furukawa, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yasuda, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.01.549180</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dendritic, delayed, and stochastic CaMKII activation underlies behavioral time scale plasticity in CA1 synapses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.31.551241v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Restoring adiponectin via rosiglitazone ameliorates tissue wasting in mice with lung cancer. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.31.551241v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cancer associated cachexia syndrome (CACS) is a systemic metabolic disorder resulting in loss of body weight due to skeletal muscle and adipose tissues atrophy. CACS is particularly prominent in lung cancer patients, where it contributes to poor quality of life and excess mortality. Using the Kras/Lkb1 (KL) mouse model, we found that CACS is associated with white adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunction that directly affects skeletal muscle homeostasis. WAT transcriptomes showed evidence of reduced adipogenesis, and, in agreement, we found low levels of circulating adiponectin. To preserve adipogenesis and restore adiponectin levels, we treated mice with the PPAR-{gamma} agonist, rosiglitazone. Rosiglitazone treatment increased serum adiponectin levels, delayed weight loss, and preserved skeletal muscle and adipose tissue mass, as compared to vehicle-treated mice. The preservation of muscle mass with rosiglitazone was associated with increases in AMPK and AKT activity. Similarly, activation of the adiponectin receptors in muscle cells increased AMPK activity, anabolic signaling, and protein synthesis. Our data suggest that PPAR-{gamma} agonists may be a useful adjuvant therapy to preserve tissue mass in lung cancer.

Key points- The PPAR-{gamma} agonist, rosiglitazone, restores circulating adiponectin levels in mice with lung cancer.
- Rosiglitazone preserves skeletal muscle and adipose tissue mass in mice with lung cancer.
- The preservation of muscle mass with rosiglitazone is associated with increases in AMPK and AKT activity.
- Stimulation of adiponectin signaling increases AMPK activity, anabolic signaling, and protein synthesis in muscle cell culture.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Langer, H. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramsamooj, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dantas, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murthy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwang, S.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grover, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pozovskiy, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Queiroz, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janowitz, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goncalves, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.31.551241</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Restoring adiponectin via rosiglitazone ameliorates tissue wasting in mice with lung cancer.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.02.551486v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Retrotransposon addiction promotes centromere function via epigenetically activated small RNAs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.02.551486v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Retrotransposons have invaded eukaryotic centromeres in cycles of repeat expansion and purging, but the function of centromeric retrotransposons, if any, has remained unclear. In Arabidopsis, centromeric ATHILA retrotransposons give rise to epigenetically activated short interfering RNAs (easiRNAs) in mutants in DECREASE IN DNA METHYLATION1 (DDM1), which promote histone H3 lysine-9 di-methylation (H3K9me2). Here, we show that mutants which lose both DDM1 and RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) have pleiotropic developmental defects and mis-segregation of chromosome 5 during mitosis. Fertility defects are epigenetically inherited with the centromeric region of chromosome 5, and can be rescued by directing artificial small RNAs to a single family of ATHILA5 retrotransposons specifically embedded within this centromeric region. easiRNAs and H3K9me2 promote pericentromeric condensation, chromosome cohesion and proper chromosome segregation in mitosis. Insertion of ATHILA silences transcription, while simultaneously making centromere function dependent on retrotransposon small RNAs, promoting the selfish survival and spread of centromeric retrotransposons. Parallels are made with the fission yeast S. pombe, where chromosome segregation depends on RNAi, and with humans, where chromosome segregation depends on both RNAi and HELLSDDM1.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shimada, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cahn, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ernst, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lynn, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grimanelli, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henderson, I. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kakutani, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martienssen, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.02.551486</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Retrotransposon addiction promotes centromere function via epigenetically activated small RNAs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.02.551673v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The genomes and epigenomes of aquatic plants (Lemnaceae) promote triploid hybridization and clonal reproduction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.02.551673v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Lemnaceae (duckweeds) are the worlds smallest but fastest growing flowering plants. Prolific clonal propagation facilitates continuous micro-cropping for plant-based protein and starch production, and holds tremendous promise for sequestration of atmospheric CO2. Here, we present chromosomal assemblies, annotations, and phylogenomic analysis of Lemna genomes that uncover candidate genes responsible for the metabolic and developmental traits of the family, such as anatomical reduction, adaxial stomata, lack of stomatal closure, and carbon sequestration via crystalline calcium oxalate. Lemnaceae have selectively lost genes required for RNA interference, including Argonaute genes required for reproductive isolation (the triploid block) and haploid gamete formation. Triploid hybrids arise commonly among Lemna, and we have found mutations in highly-conserved meiotic crossover genes that could support polyploid meiosis. Syntenic comparisons with Wolffia and Spirodela reveal that diversification of these genera coincided with the "Azolla event" in the mid-Eocene, during which aquatic macrophytes reduced high atmospheric CO2 levels to those of the current ice age.

Facile regeneration of transgenic fronds from tissue culture, aided by reduced epigenetic silencing, makes Lemna a powerful biotechnological platform, as exemplified by recent engineering of high-oil Lemna that outperforms oil seed crops.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ernst, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abramson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acosta, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoang, P. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mateo-Elizalde, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schubert, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasaribu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartwick, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colt, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aylward, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramu, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birchler, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schubert, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lam, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael, T. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martienssen, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.02.551673</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The genomes and epigenomes of aquatic plants (Lemnaceae) promote triploid hybridization and clonal reproduction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.06.552162v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Using deep long-read RNAseq in Alzheimer's disease brain to assess clinical relevance of RNA isoform diversity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.06.552162v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Due to alternative splicing, human protein-coding genes average over eight RNA isoforms, resulting in nearly four distinct protein coding sequences per gene. Long-read RNAseq (IsoSeq) enables more accurate quantification of isoforms, shedding light on their specific roles. To assess the medical relevance of measuring RNA isoform expression, we sequenced 12 aged human frontal cortices (6 Alzheimers disease cases and 6 controls; 50% female) using one Oxford Nanopore PromethION flow cell per sample. Our study uncovered 53 new high-confidence RNA isoforms in medically relevant genes, including several where the new isoform was one of the most highly expressed for that gene. Specific examples include WDR4 (61%; microcephaly), MYL3 (44%; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), and MTHFS (25%; major depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder). Other notable genes with new high-confidence isoforms include CPLX2 (10%; schizophrenia, epilepsy) and MAOB (9%; targeted for Parkinsons disease treatment). We identified 1,917 medically relevant genes expressing multiple isoforms in human frontal cortex, where 1,018 had multiple isoforms with different protein coding sequences, demonstrating the need to better understand how individual isoforms from a single gene body are involved in human health and disease, if at all. Exactly 98 of the 1,917 genes are implicated in brain-related diseases, including Alzheimers disease genes such as APP (A{beta} precursor protein; five), MAPT (tau protein; four), and BIN1 (eight). As proof of concept, we also found 99 differentially expressed RNA isoforms between Alzheimers cases and controls, despite the genes themselves not exhibiting differential expression. Our findings highlight the significant knowledge gaps in RNA isoform diversity and their medical relevance. Deep long-read RNA sequencing will be necessary going forward to fully comprehend the medical relevance of individual isoforms for a "single" gene.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aguzzoli Heberle, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandon, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Page, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nations, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dikobe, K. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fox, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wadsworth, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doyle, P. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fox, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shantaraman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryten, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodwin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghiban, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wappel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mavruk-Eskpelivan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seyfried, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, P. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fryer, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ebbert, M. T. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.06.552162</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Using deep long-read RNAseq in Alzheimer's disease brain to assess clinical relevance of RNA isoform diversity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.24.554663v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrated high-confidence and high-throughput approaches for quantifying synapse engulfment by oligodendrocyte precursor cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.24.554663v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) sculpt neural circuits through the phagocytic engulfment of synapses during development and in adulthood. However, precise techniques for analyzing synapse engulfment by OPCs are limited. Here, we describe a two-pronged cell biological approach for quantifying synapse engulfment by OPCs which merges low-and high-throughput methodologies. In the first method, an adeno-associated virus encoding a pH-sensitive, fluorescently-tagged synaptic marker is expressed in neurons in vivo. This construct allows for the differential labeling of presynaptic inputs that are contained outside of and within acidic phagolysosomal compartments. When followed by immunostaining for markers of OPCs and synapses in lightly fixed tissue, this approach enables the quantification of synapses engulfed by around 30-50 OPCs within a given experiment. In the second method, OPCs isolated from dissociated brain tissue are fixed, incubated with fluorescent antibodies against presynaptic proteins, and then analyzed by flow cytometry. This approach enables the quantification of presynaptic material within tens of thousands of OPCs in less than one week. These methods extend beyond the current imaging-based engulfment assays designed to quantify synaptic phagocytosis by brain-resident immune cells, microglia. Through the integration of these methods, the engulfment of synapses by OPCs can be rigorously quantified at both the individual and populational levels. With minor modifications, these approaches can be adapted to study synaptic phagocytosis by numerous glial cell types in the brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kahng, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xavier, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Auguste, Y. S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheadle, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.24.554663</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrated high-confidence and high-throughput approaches for quantifying synapse engulfment by oligodendrocyte precursor cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.12.557267v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fast updating feedback from piriform cortex to the olfactory bulb relays multimodal reward contingency signals during rule-reversal 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.12.557267v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While animals readily adjust their behavior to adapt to relevant changes in the environment, the neural pathways enabling these changes remain largely unknown. Here, using multiphoton imaging, we investigated whether feedback from the piriform cortex to the olfactory bulb supports such behavioral flexibility. To this end, we engaged head-fixed mice in a multimodal rule-reversal task guided by olfactory and auditory cues. Both odor and, surprisingly, the sound cues triggered cortical bulbar feedback responses which preceded the behavioral report. Responses to the same sensory cue were strongly modulated upon changes in stimulus-reward contingency (rule reversals). The re-shaping of individual bouton responses occurred within seconds of the rule-reversal events and was correlated with changes in the behavior. Optogenetic perturbation of cortical feedback within the bulb disrupted the behavioral performance. Our results indicate that the piriform-to-olfactory bulb feedback carries reward contingency signals and is rapidly re-formatted according to changes in the behavioral context.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Trejo, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ciuparu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia da Silva, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Velasquez, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rebouillat, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gross, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muresan, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albeanu, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.12.557267</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fast updating feedback from piriform cortex to the olfactory bulb relays multimodal reward contingency signals during rule-reversal]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.20.558596v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Olfactory learning modulates a neural circuit mediating innate odor-guided behavior in Drosophila 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.20.558596v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Behavior is often categorized as being innate or learned, with the specific circuits being assigned to one of these categories. In Drosophila, neural circuits mediating an innate behavioral response are considered as being "hard-wired", as activation of these neuronal pathways leads to stereotyped behaviors. However, only a limited number of studies assessed whether innate behaviors and their underlying neural circuits are plastic or show experience-dependent modulation. Here, we show that experience modulates second-order olfactory neurons involved in innate behavioral responses. We focus on the neural circuit defined by multiglomerular projection neurons (mPNs) that target the lateral horn, a structure relevant in the genesis of innate behavior. We show that mPNs, coding for odor attraction, are bidirectionally modulated after olfactory associative learning: when an olfactory stimulus is paired with an aversive electric shock, the activity of these neurons is decreased, while when the odor is paired with a sucrose-reward they are potentiated. We further show that this modulation requires glutamate and serotonin signaling, and that downstream third-order neurons are consequently affected. The bidirectional nature of the plasticity in these neurons is reflected in behavior: silencing mPN activity leads to odor avoidance, while artificial activation induces approach. While output from the mPNs is not required in aversive olfactory conditioning, silencing these neurons during retrieval of appetitive memories leads to a significant memory impairment. Artificially activating these neurons during odor presentation is sufficient to generate a 3 h appetitive memory. Our study in flies shows that a neural circuit coding for innate odor attraction can contribute to learned behavior, is modulated by olfactory learning and can provide reward-like reinforcement.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Campetella, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huber, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klappenbach, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wernecke, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Locatelli, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Felsenberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansson, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knaden, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sachse, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.20.558596</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Olfactory learning modulates a neural circuit mediating innate odor-guided behavior in Drosophila]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.21.558862v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metabotropic signaling within somatostatin interneurons regulates thalamocortical inputs during development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.21.558862v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During brain development, neural circuits undergo major activity-dependent restructuring. Circuit wiring mainly occurs through synaptic strengthening following the Hebbian "fire together, wire together" precept. However, select connections, essential for circuit development, are transient. They are effectively connected early in development, but strongly diminish during maturation. The mechanisms by which transient connectivity recedes are unknown. To investigate this process, we characterize transient thalamocortical inputs, which depress onto somatostatin inhibitory interneurons during development, by employing optogenetics, chemogenetics, transcriptomics and CRISPR-based strategies. We demonstrate that in contrast to typical activity-dependent mechanisms, transient thalamocortical connectivity onto somatostatin interneurons is non-canonical and involves metabotropic signaling. Specifically, metabotropic-mediated transcription, of guidance molecules in particular, supports the elimination of this connectivity. Remarkably, we found that this developmental process impacts the development of normal exploratory behaviors of adult mice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dwivedi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dumontier, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sherer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirow, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liebman, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joseph, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Datta, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fishell, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pouchelon, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.21.558862</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metabotropic signaling within somatostatin interneurons regulates thalamocortical inputs during development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.27.559756v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inhibiting Glutamine Metabolism Blocks Coronavirus Replication in Mammalian Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.27.559756v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Developing therapeutic strategies against COVID-19 has gained widespread interest given the likelihood that new viral variants will continue to emerge. Here we describe one potential therapeutic strategy which involves targeting members of the glutaminase family of mitochondrial metabolic enzymes (GLS and GLS2), which catalyze the first step in glutamine metabolism, the hydrolysis of glutamine to glutamate. We show three examples where GLS expression increases during coronavirus infection of host cells, and another in which GLS2 is upregulated. The viruses hijack the metabolic machinery responsible for glutamine metabolism to generate the building blocks for biosynthetic processes and satisfy the bioenergetic requirements demanded by the  glutamine addiction of virus-infected host cells. We demonstrate how genetic silencing of glutaminase enzymes reduces coronavirus infection and that newer members of two classes of small molecule allosteric inhibitors targeting these enzymes, designated as SU1, a pan-GLS/GLS2 inhibitor, and UP4, which is specific for GLS, block viral replication in mammalian epithelial cells. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of glutamine metabolism for coronavirus replication in human cells and show that glutaminase inhibitors can block coronavirus infection and thereby may represent a novel class of anti-viral drug candidates.

TeaserInhibitors targeting glutaminase enzymes block coronavirus replication and may represent a new class of anti-viral drugs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Greene, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lukey, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rojas, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, K. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katt, W. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whittaker, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cerione, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.27.559756</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inhibiting Glutamine Metabolism Blocks Coronavirus Replication in Mammalian Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.27.559717v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ecDNA amplification of MYC drives intratumor copy-number heterogeneity and adaptation to stress in PDAC 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.27.559717v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intratumor heterogeneity and phenotypic plasticity drive tumour progression and therapy resistance. Oncogene dosage variation contributes to cell state transitions and phenotypic heterogeneity, thereby providing a substrate for somatic evolution. Nonetheless, the genetic mechanisms underlying phenotypic heterogeneity are still poorly understood. Here, we show that extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) is a major source of high-level focal amplification in key oncogenes and a major contributor of MYC heterogeneity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We demonstrate that ecDNA can drive exceptionally high dosage of MYC and afford cancer cells rapid adaptation to microenvironmental changes. The continued maintenance of extrachromosomal MYC is uniquely ensured by the presence of the selective pressure. We also show that MYC dosage affects cell morphology and dependence of cancer cells on stromal niche factors, with the highest MYC levels correlating with squamous-like phenotypes. Our work provides the first detailed analysis of ecDNAs in PDAC and describes a new genetic mechanism driving MYC heterogeneity in PDAC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Malinova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schreyer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiorini, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasini, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bevere, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Agosto, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lupo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veghini, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grimaldi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pedron, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nourse, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salvia, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malleo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruzzenente, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guglielmi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milella, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawlor, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luchini, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pilarsky, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scarpa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuveson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bailey, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbo, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.27.559717</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ecDNA amplification of MYC drives intratumor copy-number heterogeneity and adaptation to stress in PDAC]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.28.559971v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell transcription mapping of murine and human mammary organoids responses to female hormones 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.28.559971v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During female adolescence and pregnancy, rising levels of hormones result in a cyclic source of signals that control the development of mammary tissue. While such alterations are well understood from a whole-gland perspective, the alterations that such hormones bring to organoid cultures derived from mammary glands have yet to be fully mapped. This is of special importance given that organoids are considered suitable systems to understand cross species breast development. Here we utilized single-cell transcriptional profiling to delineate responses of murine and human normal breast organoid systems to female hormones across evolutionary distinct species. Collectively, our study represents a molecular atlas of epithelial dynamics in response to estrogen and pregnancy hormones.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ruiz-Ortiz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ciccone, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatterjee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henry, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siepel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dos Santos, C. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.28.559971</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell transcription mapping of murine and human mammary organoids responses to female hormones]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.04.560973v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-throughput single-nucleus hybrid sequencing reveals genome-transcriptome correlations in cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.04.560973v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To deepen our understanding of cancer heterogeneity and uncover the dynamic interactions of tumor and host cells, we introduce hybrid BAG-seq: a high-throughput, multi-omic method that simultaneously captures DNA and RNA from tens of thousands of individual single nuclei. This method provides dual molecular layer information: DNA to distinguish tumor from stroma, identify tumor subclones, and detect mutant stromal sub-populations; and RNA to characterize distinct cell types, cell states, and signatures of aberrant expression. Additionally, we developed a suite of analysis tools to illuminate cluster phylogeny and connections between DNA identity and RNA expression. We applied this hybrid protocol to 65,499 single nuclei from samples of five uterine cancer patients, and validated the clustering using RNA-only and DNA-only protocols on 34,651 and 21,432 nuclei, respectively, from the same tissues. Multiple tumor genome or expression clusters were often present within a patient, with different tumor clones projecting into distinct or shared expression states, demonstrating nearly all possible genome-transcriptome correlations across the cohort. While tumor expression profiles were highly unique to each patient, the stromal cell types generally recurred across samples, but certain patients and tissues exhibited unique stromal sub-types characterized by aberrant expression. Moreover, we identified mutant stroma in various cell types from several patients with a significant loss of the X-chromosome. This study reveals the complex landscape of genome and transcriptome interactions at the resolution of single nuclei, providing new insights into mutant stroma and tumor heterogeneity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexander, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kendall, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrews, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rose, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orjuela, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Podszus, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shanley, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ranade, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ronemus, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rishi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donoho, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldberg, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levy, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wigler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.04.560973</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-throughput single-nucleus hybrid sequencing reveals genome-transcriptome correlations in cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.17.562732v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Population variability in X-chromosome inactivation across 9 mammalian species 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.17.562732v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
One of the two X chromosomes in female mammals is epigenetically silenced in embryonic stem cells by X chromosome inactivation (XCI). This creates a mosaic of cells expressing either the maternal or the paternal X allele. The XCI ratio, the proportion of inactivated parental alleles, varies widely among individuals, representing the largest instance of epigenetic variability within mammalian populations. While various contributing factors to XCI variability are recognized, namely stochastic and/or genetic effects, their relative contributions are poorly understood. This is due in part to limited cross-species analysis, making it difficult to distinguish between generalizable or species-specific mechanisms for XCI ratio variability. To address this gap, we measured XCI ratios in nine mammalian species (9,143 individual samples), ranging from rodents to primates, and compared the strength of stochastic models or genetic factors for explaining XCI variability. Our results demonstrate the embryonic stochasticity of XCI is a general explanatory model for population XCI variability in mammals, while genetic factors play a minor role.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Werner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hover, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.17.562732</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Population variability in X-chromosome inactivation across 9 mammalian species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.22.563497v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Master transcription factor binding sites are necessary for early replication control element activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.22.563497v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Eukaryotic genomes replicate in a defined temporal order called the replication timing (RT) program. RT is developmentally regulated with potential to drive cell fate transitions, but mechanisms controlling RT remain elusive. We previously identified "Early Replication Control Elements" (ERCEs) necessary for early RT, domain-wide transcription, 3D chromatin architecture and compartmentalization in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) but, deletions identifying ERCEs were large and encompassed many putative regulatory elements. Here, we show that ERCEs are compound elements whose RT activity can largely be accounted for by multiple sites of diverse master transcription factor binding (subERCEs), distinguished from other such sites by their long-range interactions. While deletion of subERCEs had large effects on both transcription and RT, deleting transcription start sites eliminated nearly all transcription with moderate effects on RT. Our results suggest a model in which subERCEs respond to diverse master transcription factors by functioning both as transcription enhancers and as elements that organize chromatin domains structurally and support early RT, potentially providing a feed-forward loop to drive robust epigenomic change during cell fate transitions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Turner, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ay, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hinojosa-Gonzalez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vouzas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasaki, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitch, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexander, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soto, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakraborty, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.22.563497</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Master transcription factor binding sites are necessary for early replication control element activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.24.563848v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Marker-based CRISPR screening reveals a MED12-p63 interaction that activates basal identity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.24.563848v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The presence of basal lineage characteristics signifies hyper-aggressive human adenocarcinomas of the breast, bladder, and pancreas. However, the biochemical mechanisms that maintain this aberrant cell state are poorly understood. Here we performed marker-based genetic screens in search of factors needed to maintain basal identity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This approach revealed MED12 as a powerful regulator of the basal cell state in this disease. Using biochemical reconstitution and epigenomics, we show that MED12 carries out this function by bridging the transcription factor p63, a known master regulator of the basal lineage, with the Mediator complex to activate lineage-specific enhancer elements. Consistent with this finding, the growth of basal-like PDAC is hypersensitive to MED12 loss when compared to classical PDAC. Taken together, our comprehensive genetic screens have revealed a biochemical interaction that sustains basal identity in human cancer, which could serve as a target for tumor lineage-directed therapeutics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Maia-Silva, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schier, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skopelitis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kechejian, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alpsoy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liverpool, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taatjes, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vakoc, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.24.563848</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Marker-based CRISPR screening reveals a MED12-p63 interaction that activates basal identity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.28.564411v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A sub-set of guanine- and cytosine-rich genes are actively transcribed at the nuclear Lamin B1 region 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.28.564411v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromatin organization in the mammalian cell nucleus plays a vital role in the regulation of gene expression. The lamina-associated domain at the inner nuclear membrane has been shown to harbor heterochromatin, while the nuclear interior has been shown to contain most of the euchromatin. Here, we show that a sub-set of actively transcribing genes, marked by RNA Pol II pSer2, are associated with Lamin B1 at the inner nuclear envelope in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and the number of genes proportionally increases upon in vitro differentiation of mESC to olfactory precursor cells. These nuclear periphery-associated actively transcribing genes primarily represent housekeeping genes, and their gene bodies are significantly enriched with guanine and cytosine compared to genes actively transcribed at the nuclear interior. We found the promoters of these genes to also be significantly enriched with guanine and to be predominantly regulated by zinc finger protein transcription factors. We provide evidence supporting the emerging notion that the Lamin B1 region is not solely transcriptionally silent.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Balasooriya, G. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wee, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spector, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.28.564411</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A sub-set of guanine- and cytosine-rich genes are actively transcribed at the nuclear Lamin B1 region]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.30.564808v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Utility of AlphaMissense predictions in Asparagine Synthetase deficiency variant classification 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.30.564808v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AlphaMissense is a recently developed method that is designed to classify missense variants into pathogenic, benign, or ambiguous categories across the entire human proteome. Asparagine Synthetase Deficiency (ASNSD) is a developmental disorder associated with severe symptoms, including congenital microcephaly, seizures, and premature death. Diagnosing ASNSD relies on identifying mutations in the asparagine synthetase (ASNS) gene through DNA sequencing and determining whether these variants are pathogenic or benign. Pathogenic ASNS variants are predicted to disrupt the proteins structure and/or function, leading to asparagine depletion within cells and inhibition of cell growth. AlphaMissense offers a promising solution for the rapid classification of ASNS variants established by DNA sequencing and provides a community resource of pathogenicity scores and classifications for newly diagnosed ASNSD patients. Here, we assessed AlphaMissenses utility in ASNSD by benchmarking it against known critical residues in ASNS and evaluating its performance against a list of previously reported ASNSD-associated variants. We also present a pipeline to calculate AlphaMissense scores for any protein in the UniProt database. AlphaMissense accurately attributed a high average pathogenicity score to known critical residues within the two ASNS active sites and the connecting intramolecular tunnel. The program successfully categorized 78.9% of known ASNSD-associated missense variants as pathogenic. The remaining variants were primarily labeled as ambiguous, with a smaller proportion classified as benign. This study underscores the potential role of AlphaMissense in classifying ASNS variants in suspected cases of ASNSD, potentially providing clarity to patients and their families grappling with ongoing diagnostic uncertainty.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Staklinski, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheben, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siepel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kilberg, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.30.564808</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Utility of AlphaMissense predictions in Asparagine Synthetase deficiency variant classification]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.07.566059v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Specific and comprehensive genetic targeting reveals brain-wide distribution and synaptic input patterns of GABAergic axo-axonic interneurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.07.566059v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Axo-axonic cells (AACs), also called chandelier cells (ChCs) in the cerebral cortex, are the most distinctive type of GABAergic interneurons described in the neocortex, hippocampus, and basolateral amygdala (BLA). AACs selectively innervate glutamatergic projection neurons (PNs) at their axon initial segment (AIS), thus may exert decisive control over PN spiking and regulate PN functional ensembles. However, the brain-wide distribution, synaptic connectivity, and circuit function of AACs remains poorly understood, largely due to the lack of specific and reliable experimental tools. Here, we have established an intersectional genetic strategy that achieves specific and comprehensive targeting of AACs throughout the mouse brain based on their lineage (Nkx2.1) and molecular (Unc5b, Pthlh) markers. We discovered that AACs are deployed across essentially all the pallium-derived brain structures, including not only the dorsal pallium-derived neocortex and medial pallium-derived hippocampal formation, but also the lateral pallium-derived claustrum-insular complex, and the ventral pallium-derived extended amygdaloid complex and olfactory centers. AACs are also abundant in anterior olfactory nucleus, taenia tecta and lateral septum. AACs show characteristic variations in density across neocortical areas and layers and across subregions of the hippocampal formation. Neocortical AACs comprise multiple laminar subtypes with distinct dendritic and axonal arborization patterns. Retrograde monosynaptic tracing from AACs across neocortical, hippocampal and BLA regions reveal shared as well as distinct patterns of synaptic input. Specific and comprehensive targeting of AACs facilitates the study of their developmental genetic program and circuit function across brain structures, providing a ground truth platform for understanding the conservation and variation of a bona fide cell type across brain regions and species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Raudales, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatfield, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.07.566059</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Specific and comprehensive genetic targeting reveals brain-wide distribution and synaptic input patterns of GABAergic axo-axonic interneurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.14.567120v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interpreting cis-regulatory mechanisms from genomic deep neural networks using surrogate models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.14.567120v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Deep neural networks (DNNs) have greatly advanced the ability to predict genome function from sequence. Interpreting genomic DNNs in terms of biological mechanisms, however, remains difficult. Here we introduce SQUID, a genomic DNN interpretability framework based on surrogate modeling. SQUID approximates genomic DNNs in user-specified regions of sequence space using surrogate models, i.e., simpler models that are mechanistically interpretable. Importantly, SQUID removes the confounding effects that nonlinearities and heteroscedastic noise in functional genomics data can have on model interpretation. Benchmarking analysis on multiple genomic DNNs shows that SQUID, when compared to established interpretability methods, identifies motifs that are more consistent across genomic loci and yields improved single-nucleotide variant-effect predictions. SQUID also supports surrogate models that quantify epistatic interactions within and between cis-regulatory elements. SQUID thus advances the ability to mechanistically interpret genomic DNNs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Seitz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCandlish, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinney, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koo, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.14.567120</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interpreting cis-regulatory mechanisms from genomic deep neural networks using surrogate models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.19.567733v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Preserved particulate organic carbon is likely derived from the subsurface sulfidic photic zone of the Proterozoic Ocean: evidence from a modern, oxygen-deficient lake 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.19.567733v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
I-AbstractBiological processes in the Proterozoic Ocean are often inferred from modern oxygen-deficient environments (MODEs) or from stable isotopes in preserved sediment. To-date, few MODE studies have simultaneously quantified carbon fixation genes and attendant stable isotopic signatures. Consequently, how carbon isotope patterns reflect these pathways has not been thoroughly vetted. Addressing this, we profiled planktonic productivity and quantified carbon fixation pathway genes and associated carbon isotope values of size-fractionated (0.2 - 2.7 and > 2.7 m) particulate organic carbon values (813CPOC) from meromictic Fayetteville Green Lake, NY, USA. The high-O2 Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) gene (cbbL) was most abundant in the <2.7 m size fraction in shallow oxic and deep hypoxic waters, corresponding with cyanobacterial populations. The low-O2 CBB gene (cbbM) was most abundant near the lower oxycline boundary in the larger size fraction, coincident with purple sulfur bacteria populations. The reverse citric acid cycle gene (aclB) was equally abundant in both size fractions in the deepest photic zone, coinciding with green sulfur bacteria populations. Methane coenzyme reductase A (mcrA), of anaerobic methane cyclers, was most abundant at the lower oxycline boundary in both size fractions, coinciding with Methanoregula populations. 813CPOC values overlapped with the high-O2 CBB fixation range except for two negative excursions near the lower oxycline boundary, likely reflecting assimilation of isotopically-depleted groundwater-derived inorganic carbon by autotrophs and acetate oxidation by sulfate-reducers. Throughout aphotic waters, 813CPOC values of the large size fraction became 13C-enriched, likely reflecting abundant purple sulfur bacterial aggregates. Microalgal-like isotopic signatures corresponded with increases in cbbL, cbbM and aclB, and enrichment of exopolymer-rich prokaryotic photoautotrophs aggregates. Results suggest that 813CPOC values of preserved sediments from areas of the Proterozoic Ocean with sulfidic photic zones may reflect a mixture of alternate carbon-fixing populations exported from the deep photic zone, challenging the paradigm that sedimentary stable carbon isotope values predominantly reflect oxygenic photosynthesis from surface waters.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cohen, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henkes, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weber, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christensen, L. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yagudaeva, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCormick, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.19.567733</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Preserved particulate organic carbon is likely derived from the subsurface sulfidic photic zone of the Proterozoic Ocean: evidence from a modern, oxygen-deficient lake]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.22.568315v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Compact deep neural network models of visual cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.22.568315v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A powerful approach to understanding the computations carried out in visual cortex is to develop models that predict neural responses to arbitrary images. Deep neural network (DNN) models have worked remarkably well at predicting neural responses [1, 2, 3], yet their underlying computations remain buried in millions of parameters. Have we simply replaced one complicated system in vivo with another in silico? Here, we train a data-driven deep ensemble model that predicts macaque V4 responses [~]50% more accurately than currently-used task-driven DNN models. We then compress this deep ensemble to identify compact models that have 5,000x fewer parameters yet equivalent accuracy as the deep ensemble. We verified that the stimulus preferences of the compact models matched those of the real V4 neurons by measuring V4 responses to both  maximizing and adversarial images generated using compact models. We then analyzed the inner workings of the compact models and discovered a common circuit motif: Compact models share a similar set of filters in early stages of processing but then specialize by heavily consolidating this shared representation with a precise readout. This suggests that a V4 neurons stimulus preference is determined entirely by its consolidation step. To demonstrate this, we investigated the compression step of a dot-detecting compact model and found a set of simple computations that may be carried out by dot-selective V4 neurons. Overall, our work demonstrates that the DNN models currently used in computational neuroscience are needlessly large; our approach provides a new way forward for obtaining explainable, high-accuracy models of visual cortical neurons.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cowley, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stan, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pillow, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.22.568315</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Compact deep neural network models of visual cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.23.568454v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Anatomical insights into the vascular lay-out of the barley rachis: implications for transport and spikelet connection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.23.568454v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Background and aimsVascular patterning is intimately related to plant form and function. However, morphologic a l studies on the vascular anatomy of cereal crops, and inflorescences in particular, are scarce despite their importance for grain yield determination. Here, using barley (Hordeum vulgare) as a model, we study the vascular anatomy of the spike-type inflorescence. Our goal is to clarify the relationship between rachis (spike axis) vasculature and spike size, the implications for transport capacity and its interaction with the spikelets.

MethodsWe employed serial transversal internode sections in multiple barley lines with different spike size, and investigated the internode diameter, vascular area and vein number size along the mature barley rachis. We then modeled the vascular dynamics along the main spike axis, and analyzed their relationship with spike size.

Key resultsInternode diameter and total vascular area have a clear positive correlation with spike size whereas vascular number is only weakly correlated. While the lateral periphery of the rachis contains large mature veins of constant diameter the central part is occupied by a staggered array of small immature veins. This underlines the importance of minimizing transport resistance and suggests that transport and distribution of nutrients are spatially separated. Spikelet-derived veins enter the rachis either in the central area, where they often merge with the immature rachis veins, or in the periphery where they do not merge with the large mature veins. An increase in floret fertility through the conversion of a two-rowed barley into an isogenic six-rowed line, as well a decrease in floret fertility due to enhanced pre-anthesis tip degeneration caused by the mutation tip sterile 2.b (tst2.b) significantly affected vein size, but had limited to no effects on vein number or rachis diameter. Comparative analysis of a wild barley accession suggests that the domestication of barley may have favored plants with enhanced rachis transport capacity.

ConclusionsThe rachis vasculature is the result of a two-step process involving an initial lay-out followed by size adjustment according to floret fertility/spike size. The functional processes of long distance transport and local supply to spikelets are spatially separated while a vascular continuity between rachis and spikelets appears non-essential.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rutten, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thirulogachandar, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shanmugaraj, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koppolu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ortleb, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hensel, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumlehn, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melzer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schnurbusch, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.23.568454</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Anatomical insights into the vascular lay-out of the barley rachis: implications for transport and spikelet connection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.28.569052v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
copepodTCR: Identification of Antigen-Specific T Cell Receptors with combinatorial peptide pooling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.28.569052v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire diversity enables the antigen-specific immune responses against the vast space of possible pathogens. Identifying TCR-antigen binding pairs from the large TCR repertoire and antigen space is crucial for biomedical research. Here, we introduce copepodTCR, an open-access tool to design and interpret high-throughput experimental TCR specificity assays. copepodTCR implements a combinatorial peptide pooling scheme for efficient experimental testing of T cell responses against large overlapping peptide libraries, that can be used to identify the specificity of (or "deorphanize") TCRs. The scheme detects experimental errors and, coupled with a hierarchical Bayesian model for unbiased interpretation, identifies the response-eliciting peptide sequence for a TCR of interest out of hundreds of peptides tested using a simple experimental set-up. Using in silico simulations, we demonstrate the varied experimental settings in which copepodTCR yields efficient and interpretable TCR specificity results. We validated our approach on a library of 253 overlapping peptides covering the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, split across 12 pools. A single stimulation with combinatorial pools identified the correct epitope of two TCRs with known specificity and then deorphanized two SARS-CoV-2 associated TCRs shared among a large cohort of COVID-19 patients. We provide experimental guides to efficiently design larger screens covering thousands of peptides which will be crucial to identify antigen-specific T cells and their targets from limited clinical material.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kovaleva, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pattinson, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chapin, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minerva, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richards, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sant, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, P. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pogorelyy, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, H. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.28.569052</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[copepodTCR: Identification of Antigen-Specific T Cell Receptors with combinatorial peptide pooling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.28.569145v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Coexpression enhances cross-species integration of scRNA-seq across diverse plant species 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.28.569145v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-cell RNA sequencing is increasingly used to investigate cross-species differences driven by gene expression and cell-type composition in plants. However, the frequent expansion of plant gene families due to whole genome duplications makes identification of one-to-one orthologs difficult, complicating integration. Here, we demonstrate that coexpression can be used to identify non-orthologous gene pairs with proxy expression profiles, improving the performance of traditional integration methods and reducing barriers to integration across a diverse array of plant species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Passalacqua, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.28.569145</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Coexpression enhances cross-species integration of scRNA-seq across diverse plant species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.07.570707v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unraveling the Phenotypic States of Human innate-like T Cells: Comparative Insights with Conventional T Cells and Mouse Models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.07.570707v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The "innate-like" T cell compartment, known as Tinn, represents a diverse group of T cells that straddle the boundary between innate and adaptive immunity, having the ability to mount rapid responses following activation. In mice, this ability is acquired during thymic development. We explored the transcriptional landscape of Tinn compared to conventional T cells (Tconv) in the human thymus and blood using single cell RNA sequencing and flow cytometry. We reveal that in human blood, the majority of Tinn cells, including iNKT, MAIT, and V{delta}2+V{gamma}9+ T cells, share an effector program characterized by the expression of unique chemokine and cytokine receptors, and cytotoxic molecules. This program is driven by specific transcription factors, distinct from those governing Tconv cells. Conversely, only a fraction of thymic Tinn cells displays an effector phenotype, while others share transcriptional features with developing Tconv cells, indicating potential divergent developmental pathways. Unlike the mouse, human Tinn cells do not differentiate into multiple effector subsets but develop a mixed type I/type III effector potential. To conduct a comprehensive cross-species analysis, we constructed a murine Tinn developmental atlas and uncovered additional species-specific distinctions, including the absence of type II Tinn cells in humans, which implies distinct immune regulatory mechanisms across species. The study provides insights into the development and functionality of Tinn cells, emphasizing their role in immune responses and their potential as targets for therapeutic interventions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Loh, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carcy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krovi, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Domenico, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spengler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torres, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norman, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stone, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunetti, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, H. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gapin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.07.570707</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unraveling the Phenotypic States of Human innate-like T Cells: Comparative Insights with Conventional T Cells and Mouse Models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.09.570922v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AI without networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.09.570922v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Contemporary Artificial Intelligence (AI) stands on two legs: large training data corpora and many-parameter artificial neural networks (ANNs). The data corpora are needed to represent the complexity and heterogeneity of the world. The role of the networks is less transparent due to the obscure dependence of the network parameters and outputs on the training data and inputs. This raises problems, ranging from technical-scientific to legal-ethical. We hypothesize that a transparent approach to machine learning is possible without using networks at all. By generalizing a parameter-free, statistically consistent data interpolation method, which we analyze theoretically in detail, we develop a network-free framework for AI incorporating generative modeling. We demonstrate this framework with examples from three different disciplines - ethology, control theory, and mathematics. Our generative Hilbert framework applied to the trajectories of small groups of swimming fish outperformed state-of-the-art traditional mathematical behavioral models and current ANN-based models. We demonstrate pure data interpolation based control by stabilizing an inverted pendulum and a driven logistic map around unstable fixed points. Finally, we present a mathematical application by predicting zeros of the Riemann Zeta function, achieving comparable performance as a transformer network. We do not suggest that the proposed framework will always outperform networks as over-parameterized networks can interpolate. However, our framework is theoretically sound, transparent, deterministic, and parameter free: remarkably, it does not require any compute-expensive training, does not involve optimization, has no model selection, and is easily reproduced and ported. We also propose an easily computed method of credit assignment based on this framework, to help address ethical-legal challenges raised by generative AI.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mitra, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sire, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.09.570922</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AI without networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.15.575761v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The blobulator: a webtool for identification andvisual exploration of hydrophobic modularity inprotein sequences 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.15.575761v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While contiguous subsequences of hydrophobic residues are essential to protein structure and function, as in the hydrophobic core and transmembrane regions, there are no current bioinformatics tools for module identification focused on hydrophobicity. To fill this gap, we created the blobulator toolkit for detecting, visualizing, and characterizing hydrophobic modules in protein sequences. This toolkit uses our previously developed algorithm, blobulation, which was critical in both interpreting intra-protein contacts in a series of intrinsically disordered protein simulations [1] and defining the "local context" around disease-associated mutations across the human proteome [2]. The blobulator toolkit provides accessible, interactive, and scalable implementations of blobulation. These are available via a webtool, a VMD plugin, and a command line interface. We highlight use cases for visualization, interaction analysis, and modular annotation through three example applications: a globular protein, two orthologous membrane proteins, and an IDP. The blobulator webtool can be found at www.blobulator.branniganlab.org, and the source code with pip installable command line tool, as well as the VMD plugin with installation instructions, can be found on GitHub at www.GitHub.com/BranniganLab/blobulator.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pitman, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santiago-McRae, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lohia, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bassi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joseph, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, M. E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brannigan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-01-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.15.575761</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The blobulator: a webtool for identification andvisual exploration of hydrophobic modularity inprotein sequences]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-01-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.21.576304v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mammalian SWI/SNF complex activity regulates POU2F3 and constitutes a targetable dependency in small cell lung cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.21.576304v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Small cell lung cancers (SCLC) are comprised of heterogeneous subtypes marked by lineage-specific transcription factors, including ASCL1, NEUROD1, and POU2F3. POU2F3-positive SCLC, [~]12% of all cases, are uniquely dependent on POU2F3 itself; as such, approaches to attenuate POU2F3 expression may represent new therapeutic opportunities. Here using genome-scale screens for regulators of POU2F3 expression and SCLC proliferation, we define mSWI/SNF complexes, including non-canonical BAF (ncBAF) complexes, as top dependencies specific to POU2F3-positive SCLC. Notably, clinical-grade pharmacologic mSWI/SNF inhibition attenuates proliferation of all POU2F3-positive SCLCs, while disruption of ncBAF via BRD9 degradation is uniquely effective in pure non-neuroendocrine POU2F3-SCLCs. mSWI/SNF maintains accessibility over gene loci central to POU2F3-mediated gene regulatory networks. Finally, chemical targeting of SMARCA4/2 mSWI/SNF ATPases and BRD9 decrease POU2F3-SCLC tumor growth and increase survival in vivo. Taken together, these results characterize mSWI/SNF-mediated global governance of the POU2F3 oncogenic program and suggest mSWI/SNF inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for SCLC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Duplaquet, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>So, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ying, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Somerville, T. D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heiling, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazzola, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zoller, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vakoc, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doench, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forrester, W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abrams, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, H. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niederst, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kadoch, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oser, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-01-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.21.576304</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mammalian SWI/SNF complex activity regulates POU2F3 and constitutes a targetable dependency in small cell lung cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-01-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.26.577483v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Early dynamics of excitation and inhibition maintain late frequency tuning in auditory cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.26.577483v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the auditory cortex the onset of a tone evokes time-varying excitation and inhibition. However, the role of early inhibition in shaping the temporal properties of tone-evoked responses has not been fully characterized. By using Archaerhodopsin-3 (Arch) to photo-suppress the activity of the parvalbumin-expressing (PV) class of inhibitory interneurons, we manipulated the early component of tone-evoked inhibition. We find that early inhibition directly controls the output gain of the response, reducing the number of spikes proportionately across all frequencies. However, by controlling early activity, transient inhibition prevents late excitation and spiking for non-optimal frequencies. Thus, transient tone-evoked inhibition plays a critical long-lasting role in shaping response properties in the auditory cortex.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Reid, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hromadka, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zador, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.26.577483</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Early dynamics of excitation and inhibition maintain late frequency tuning in auditory cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.21.581474v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Convergent evolution of plant prickles is drivenby repeated gene co-option over deep time 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.21.581474v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
An enduring question in evolutionary biology concerns the degree to which episodes of convergent trait evolution depend on the same genetic programs, particularly over long timescales. Here we genetically dissected repeated origins and losses of prickles, sharp epidermal projections, that convergently evolved in numerous plant lineages. Mutations in a cytokinin hormone biosynthetic gene caused at least 16 independent losses of prickles in eggplants and wild relatives in the genus Solanum. Strikingly, homologs promote prickle formation across angiosperms that collectively diverged over 150 million years ago. By developing new Solanum genetic systems, we leveraged this discovery to eliminate prickles in a wild species and an indigenously foraged berry. Our findings implicate a shared hormone-activation genetic program underlying evolutionarily widespread and recurrent instances of plant morphological innovation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Satterlee, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alonso, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gramazio, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jenike, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arrones, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villanueva, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plazas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramakrishnan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benoit, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gentile, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hendelman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shohat, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitzgerald, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robitaille, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swartwood, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Passalacqua, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gagnon, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hilgenhof, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huggins, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eizenga, G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gur, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rutten, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bellot, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bendahmane, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frary, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knapp, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarkinen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Eck, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schatz, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eshed, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prohens, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vilanova, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lippman, Z. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.21.581474</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Convergent evolution of plant prickles is drivenby repeated gene co-option over deep time]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.22.581585v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MaizeCODE reveals bi-directionally expressed enhancers that harbor molecular signatures of maize domestication. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.22.581585v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Modern maize was domesticated from Teosinte parviglumis, with subsequent introgressions from Teosinte mexicana, yielding increased kernel row number, loss of the hard fruit case and dissociation from the cob upon maturity, as well as fewer tillers. Molecular approaches have identified several transcription factors involved in the development of these traits, yet revealed that a complex regulatory network is at play. MaizeCODE deploys ENCODE strategies to catalog regulatory regions in the maize genome, generating histone modification and transcription factor ChIP-seq in parallel with transcriptomics datasets in 5 tissues of 3 inbred lines which span the phenotypic diversity of maize, as well as the teosinte inbred TIL11. Integrated analysis of these datasets resulted in the identification of a comprehensive set of regulatory regions in each inbred, and notably of distal enhancers which were differentiated from gene bodies by their lack of H3K4me1. Many of these distal enhancers expressed non- coding enhancer RNAs bi-directionally, reminiscent of "super enhancers" in animal genomes. We show that pollen grains are the most differentiated tissue at the transcriptomic level, and share features with endosperm that may be related to McClintocks chromosome breakage- fusion-bridge cycle. Conversely, ears have the least conservation between maize and teosinte, both in gene expression and within regulatory regions, reflecting conspicuous morphological differences selected during domestication. The identification of molecular signatures of domestication in transcriptional regulatory regions provides a framework for directed breeding strategies in maize.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cahn, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Regulski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lynn, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ernst, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Santis Alves, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramakrishnan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chougule, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drenkow, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kramer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seetharam, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hufford, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCombie, W. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ware, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schatz, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gingeras, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martienssen, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.22.581585</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MaizeCODE reveals bi-directionally expressed enhancers that harbor molecular signatures of maize domestication.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.01.582863v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Orderly specification and precise laminar deployment of cortical glutamatergic projection neuron types through intermediate progenitors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.01.582863v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cerebral cortex comprises diverse types of glutamatergic projection neurons (PNs) generated from radial glial progenitors (RGs) through either direct neurogenesis or indirect neurogenesis (iNG) via intermediate progenitors (IPs). A foundational concept in corticogenesis is the "inside-out" model whereby successive generations of PNs sequentially migrate to deep then progressively more superficial layers, but its biological significance remains unclear; and the role of iNG in this process is unknown. Using genetic strategies linking PN birth-dating to projection mapping in mice, we found that the laminar deployment of IP-derived PNs substantially deviate from an inside-out rule: PNs destined to non-consecutive layers are generated at the same time, and different PN types of the same layer are generated at non-contiguous times. The overarching scheme of iNG is the sequential specification and precise laminar deployment of projection-defined PN types, which may contribute to the orderly assembly of cortical output channels and processing streams.

HIGHLIGHTS- Each IP is fate-restricted to generate a pair of near-identical PNs
- Corticogenesis involves the orderly generation of fate-restricted IP temporal cohorts
- IP temporal cohorts sequentially as well as concurrently specify multiple PN types
- The deployment of PN types to specific layers does not follow an inside-out order
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huilgol, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levine, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galbavy, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.01.582863</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Orderly specification and precise laminar deployment of cortical glutamatergic projection neuron types through intermediate progenitors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.04.583414v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Large-scale single-cell profiling of stem cells uncovers redundant regulators of shoot development and yield trait variation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.04.583414v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Stem cells in plant shoots are a rare population of cells that produce leaves, fruits and seeds, vital sources for food and bioethanol. Uncovering regulators expressed in these stem cells will inform crop engineering to boost productivity. Single-cell analysis is a powerful tool for identifying regulators expressed in specific groups of cells. However, accessing plant shoot stem cells is challenging. Recent single-cell analyses of plant shoots have not captured these cells, and failed to detect stem cell regulators like CLAVATA3 and WUSCHEL. In this study, we finely dissected stem cell-enriched shoot tissues from both maize and arabidopsis for single-cell RNA-seq profiling. We optimized protocols to efficiently recover thousands of CLAVATA3 and WUSCHEL expressed cells. A cross-species comparison identified conserved stem cell regulators between maize and arabidopsis. We also performed single-cell RNA-seq on maize stem cell overproliferation mutants to find additional candidate regulators. Expression of candidate stem cell genes was validated using spatial transcriptomics, and we functionally confirmed roles in shoot development. These candidates include a family of ribosome-associated RNA-binding proteins, and two families of sugar kinase genes related to hypoxia signaling and cytokinin hormone homeostasis. These large-scale single-cell profiling of stem cells provide a resource for mining stem cell regulators, which show significant association with yield traits. Overall, our discoveries advance the understanding of shoot development and open avenues for manipulating diverse crops to enhance food and energy security.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Passalacqua, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rice, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demesa-Arevalo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kojima, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takebayashi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sakakibara, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallavotti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.04.583414</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Large-scale single-cell profiling of stem cells uncovers redundant regulators of shoot development and yield trait variation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.02.587786v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The cytokine receptor Fn14 is a molecular brake on neuronal activity that mediates circadian function in vivo 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.02.587786v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To survive, organisms must adapt to a staggering diversity of environmental signals, ranging from sensory information to pathogenic infection, across the lifespan. At the same time, organisms intrinsically generate biological oscillations, such as circadian rhythms, without input from the environment. While the nervous system is well-suited to integrate extrinsic and intrinsic cues, how the brain balances these influences to shape biological function system-wide is not well understood at the molecular level. Here, we demonstrate that the cytokine receptor Fn14, previously identified as a mediator of sensory experience-dependent synaptic refinement during brain development, regulates neuronal activity and function in adult mice in a time-of-day-dependent manner. We show that a subset of excitatory pyramidal (PYR) neurons in the CA1 subregion of the hippocampus increase Fn14 expression when neuronal activity is heightened. Once expressed, Fn14 constrains the activity of these same PYR neurons, suggesting that Fn14 operates as a molecular brake on neuronal activity. Strikingly, differences in PYR neuron activity between mice lacking or expressing Fn14 were most robust at daily transitions between light and dark, and genetic ablation of Fn14 caused aberrations in circadian rhythms, sleep-wake states, and sensory-cued and spatial memory. At the cellular level, microglia contacted fewer, but larger, excitatory synapses in CA1 in the absence of Fn14, suggesting that these brain-resident immune cells may dampen neuronal activity by modifying synaptic inputs onto PYR neurons. Finally, mice lacking Fn14 exhibited heightened susceptibility to chemically induced seizures, implicating Fn14 in disorders characterized by hyperexcitation, such as epilepsy. Altogether, these findings reveal that cytokine receptors that mediates inflammation in the periphery, such as Fn14, can also play major roles in healthy neurological function in the adult brain downstream of both extrinsic and intrinsic cues.

HighlightsO_LINeuronal activity induces Fn14 expression in pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus
C_LIO_LIFn14 constrains neuronal activity near daily transitions between light and dark
C_LIO_LILoss of Fn14 lengthens the endogenous circadian period and disrupts sleep-wake states and memory
C_LIO_LIMicroglia contact excitatory synapses in an Fn14-dependent manner
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ferro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arshad, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyd, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stanley, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berisha, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vrudhula, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borniger, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheadle, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.02.587786</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The cytokine receptor Fn14 is a molecular brake on neuronal activity that mediates circadian function in vivo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.06.592808v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Establishing neuroanatomical correspondences across mouse and marmoset brain structures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.06.592808v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Interest in the common marmoset is growing due to evolutionarily proximity to humans compared to laboratory mice, necessitating a comparison of mouse and marmoset brain architectures, including connectivity and cell type distributions. Creating an actionable comparative platform is challenging since these brains have distinct spatial organizations and expert neuroanatomists disagree. We propose a general theoretical framework to relate named atlas compartments across taxa and use it to establish a detailed correspondence between marmoset and mice brains. Contrary to conventional wisdom that brain structures may be easier to relate at higher levels of the atlas hierarchy, we find that finer parcellations at the leaf levels offer greater reconcilability despite naming discrepancies. Utilizing existing atlases and associated literature, we created a list of leaf-level structures for both species and establish five types of correspondence between them. One-to-one relations were found between 43% of the structures in mouse and 47% in marmoset, whereas 25% of mouse and 10% of marmoset structures were not relatable. The remaining structures show a set of more complex mappings which we quantify. Implementing this correspondence with volumetric atlases of the two species, we make available a computational tool for querying and visualizing relationships between the corresponding brains. Our findings provide a foundation for computational comparative analyses of mesoscale connectivity and cell type distributions in the laboratory mouse and the common marmoset.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mezias, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bota, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jayakumar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitra, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.06.592808</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Establishing neuroanatomical correspondences across mouse and marmoset brain structures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.07.593051v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A 3D whole-face movement analysis system to uncover underlying physiology in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.07.593051v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Facial expressions and movements, from a subtle and ephemeral grimace, to vigorous and rapid chewing, offer direct insights into the moment-to-moment change of neural and physiological processes. Mice, with discernible facial responses and evolutionarily conserved mammalian facial movement control circuits, provide an ideal model to unravel the link between facial movement and underlying physiological states. However, existing frameworks lack the spatial or temporal resolution to sensitively track all movements of the mouse face, due to its small and conical form factor. We introduce Cheese3D, a computer vision system that captures high-speed 3D motion of the entire mouse face (including ears, eyes, whisker pad, and jaw, while covering both sides of the face) using a calibrated six-camera array. The interpretable framework extracts dynamics of anatomically-meaningful 3D facial features in absolute world units at sub-millimeter precision. The precise face-wide motion data generated by Cheese3D provides clear physiological insights, as shown by proof-of-principle experiments predicting time under general anesthesia from changing facial patterns, inferring tooth and muscle anatomy from fast ingestion motions across the entire face, measuring minute differences in movements evoked by brainstem stimulation, and relating neural activity to spontaneous facial movements, including expressive features only measurable in 3D (e.g., angles of ear motion). Cheese3D can serve as a discovery tool that renders subtle mouse facial movements highly interpretable as a readout of otherwise hidden internal states.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Daruwalla, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, I. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frankel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naglic, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmad, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, X. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.07.593051</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A 3D whole-face movement analysis system to uncover underlying physiology in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.09.593372v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The structural landscape of Microprocessor Mediated pri-let-7 miRNAs processing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.09.593372v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
miRNA biogenesis is initiated upon cleavage of a primary miRNA (pri-miRNA) hairpin by the Microprocessor (MP), composed of the Drosha RNase III enzyme and its partner DGCR8. Multiple pri-miRNA sequence motifs affect MP recognition, fidelity, and efficiency. Here, we performed cryo-EM and biochemical studies of several let-7 family pri-miRNAs in complex with human MP. We show that MP has the structural plasticity to accommodate a range of pri-miRNAs. These structures revealed key features of the 5 UG sequence motif, more comprehensively represented as the "fUN" motif. Our analysis explains how cleavage of class-II pri-let-7 members harboring a bulged nucleotide generates a noncanonical precursor with a 1-nt 3 overhang. Finally, the MP-SRSF3-pri-let-7f1 structure reveals how SRSF3 contributes to MP fidelity by interacting with the CNNC-motif and Droshas PAZ-like domain. Overall, this study sheds light on the mechanisms for flexible recognition, accurate cleavage, and regulated processing of different pri-miRNAs by MP.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Garg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cvetanovic, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshua-Tor, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.09.593372</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The structural landscape of Microprocessor Mediated pri-let-7 miRNAs processing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.28.595700v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
It only takes seconds for a human monoclonal autoantibody to inhibit N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.28.595700v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transfer of autoantibodies targeting ionotropic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in autoimmune encephalitis patients into mice leads to typical disease signs. Long-term effects of the pathogenic antibodies consist of immunoglobulin G-induced crosslinking and receptor internalization. We focused on the direct and immediate impact of a specific pathogenic patient-derived monoclonal autoantibody (immunoglobulin G #003-102) on receptor function.

We performed cell-attached recordings in cells transfected with the GluN1 and GluN2A subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. Immunoglobulin G #003-102 binds to the amino-terminal domain of the glycine-binding GluN1 subunit. It reduced simultaneous receptor openings significantly compared to controls at both low and high glutamate and glycine concentrations. Closer examination of our data in 50-second to 2-second intervals revealed, that Immunoglobulin G #003-102 rapidly decreases the number of open receptors. However, antigen-binding fragments of immunoglobulin G #003-102 did not reduce the receptor openings.

In conclusion, patient-derived immunoglobulin G #003-102 inhibits N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors rapidly and directly before receptor internalization occurs and the entire immunoglobulin G is necessary for this acute inhibitory effect. This suggests an application of the antigen-binding fragment-like constructs of #003-102 as a potential new treatment strategy for shielding the pathogenic epitopes on the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heckmann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taha, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinke, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hust, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pruess, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furukawa, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geis, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heckmann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu-Strzelczyk, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.28.595700</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[It only takes seconds for a human monoclonal autoantibody to inhibit N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.04.596709v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cross-species plant genomes modeling at single nucleotide resolution using a pre-trained DNA language model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.04.596709v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Interpreting function and fitness effects in diverse plant genomes requires transferable models. Language models (LMs) pre-trained on large-scale biological sequences can learn evolutionary conservation and offer cross-species prediction better than supervised models through fine-tuning limited labeled data. We introduce PlantCaduceus, a plant DNA LM based on the Caduceus and Mamba architectures, pre-trained on a curated dataset of 16 Angiosperm genomes. Fine-tuning PlantCaduceus on limited labeled Arabidopsis data for four tasks, including predicting translation initiation/termination sites and splice donor and acceptor sites, demonstrated high transferability to 160 million year diverged maize, outperforming the best existing DNA LM by 1.45 to 7.23-fold. PlantCaduceus is competitive to state-of-the-art protein LMs in terms of deleterious mutation identification, and is threefold better than PhyloP. Additionally, PlantCaduceus successfully identifies well-known causal variants in both Arabidopsis and maize. Overall, PlantCaduceus is a versatile DNA LM that can accelerate plant genomics and crop breeding applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gokaslan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schiff, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berthel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, Z. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheben, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stitzer, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romay, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buckler, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuleshov, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.04.596709</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cross-species plant genomes modeling at single nucleotide resolution using a pre-trained DNA language model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.04.597478v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Directionality bias is necessary to explain spatiotemporal progression of pathology in mouse models of tauopathy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.04.597478v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mounting evidence implicates trans-synaptic connectome-based spread as a shared mechanism behind different tauopathic conditions, yet also suggests there is divergent spatiotemporal progression between them. A potential parsimonious explanation for this apparent contradiction could be that different conditions incur differential rates and directional biases in tau transmission along fiber tracts. In this meta-analysis we closely examined this hypothesis and quantitatively tested it using spatiotemporal tau pathology patterns from 11 distinct models across 4 experimental studies. For this purpose, we extended a network-based spread model by incorporating net directionality along the connectome. Our data unambiguously supports the directional transmission hypothesis. First, retrograde bias is an unambiguously better predictor of tau progression than anterograde bias. Second, while spread exhibits retrograde character, our best-fitting biophysical models incorporate the mixed effects of both retrograde- and anterograde-directed spread, with notable tau-strain-specific differences. We also found a nontrivial association between directionality bias and tau strain aggressiveness, with more virulent strains exhibiting less retrograde character. Taken together, our study implicates directional transmission bias in tau transmission along fiber tracts as a general feature of tauopathy spread and a strong candidate explanation for the diversity of spatiotemporal tau progression between conditions. This simple and parsimonious mechanism may potentially fill a critical gap in our knowledge of the spatiotemporal ramification of divergent tauopathies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Torok, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mezias, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raj, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.04.597478</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Directionality bias is necessary to explain spatiotemporal progression of pathology in mouse models of tauopathy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.25.600673v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A single-cell transcriptomic atlas of sensory-dependent gene expression in developing mouse visual cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.25.600673v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sensory experience drives the refinement and maturation of neural circuits during postnatal brain development through molecular mechanisms that remain to be fully elucidated. One likely mechanism involves the sensory-dependent expression of genes that encode direct mediators of circuit remodeling within developing cells. However, while studies in adult systems have begun to uncover crucial roles for sensory-induced genes in modifying circuit connectivity, the gene programs induced by brain cells in response to sensory experience during development remain to be fully characterized. Here, we present a single-nucleus RNA-sequencing dataset describing the transcriptional responses of cells in mouse visual cortex to sensory deprivation or sensory stimulation during a developmental window when visual input is necessary for circuit refinement. We sequenced 118,529 individual nuclei across sixteen neuronal and non-neuronal cortical cell types isolated from control, sensory deprived, and sensory stimulated mice, identifying 1,268 unique sensory-induced genes within the developing brain. To demonstrate the utility of this resource, we compared the architecture and ontology of sensory-induced gene programs between cell types, annotated transcriptional induction and repression events based upon RNA velocity, and discovered Neurexin and Neuregulin signaling networks that underlie cell-cell interactions via CellChat. We find that excitatory neurons, especially layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons, are highly sensitive to sensory stimulation, and that the sensory-induced genes in these cells are poised to strengthen synapse-to-nucleus crosstalk by heightening protein serine/threonine kinase activity. Altogether, we expect this dataset to significantly broaden our understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which sensory experience shapes neural circuit wiring in the developing brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xavier, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheadle, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.25.600673</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A single-cell transcriptomic atlas of sensory-dependent gene expression in developing mouse visual cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.30.601444v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A side-by-side comparison of variant function measurements using deep mutational scanning and base editing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.30.601444v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Variant annotation is a crucial objective in mammalian functional genomics. Deep Mutational Scanning (DMS) is a well-established method for annotating human gene variants, but CRISPR base editing (BE) is emerging as an alternative. However, questions remain about how well high-throughput base editing measurements can annotate variant function and the extent of downstream experimental validation required. This study presents the first direct comparison of DMS and BE in the same lab and cell line. Results indicate that focusing on the most likely edits and highest efficiency sgRNAs enhances the agreement between a "gold standard" DMS dataset and a BE screen. A simple filter for sgRNAs making single edits in their window could sufficiently annotate a large proportion of variants directly from sgRNA sequencing of large pools. When multi-edit guides are unavoidable, directly measuring the variants created in the pool, rather than sgRNA abundance, can recover high-quality variant annotation measurements in multiplexed pools. Taken together, our data show a surprising degree of correlation between base editor data and gold standard deep mutational scanning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sokirniy, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Inam, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCandlish, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pritchard, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.30.601444</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A side-by-side comparison of variant function measurements using deep mutational scanning and base editing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.27.601096v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exploring the genetic and epigenetic underpinnings of early-onset cancers: Variant prioritization for long read whole genome sequencing from family cancer pedigrees 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.27.601096v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite significant advances in our understanding of genetic cancer susceptibility, known inherited cancer predisposition syndromes explain at most 20% of early-onset cancers. As early-onset cancer prevalence continues to increase, the need to assess previously inaccessible areas of the human genome, harnessing a trio or quad family-based architecture for variant filtration, may reveal further insights into cancer susceptibility. To assess a broader spectrum of variation than can be ascertained by multi-gene panel sequencing, or even whole genome sequencing with short reads, we employed long read whole genome sequencing using an Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) PromethION of 3 families containing an early-onset cancer proband using a trio or quad family architecture. Analysis included 2 early-onset colorectal cancer family trios and one quad consisting of two siblings with testicular cancer, all with unaffected parents. Structural variants (SVs), epigenetic profiles and single nucleotide variants (SNVs) were determined for each individual, and a filtering strategy was employed to refine and prioritize candidate variants based on the family architecture. The family architecture enabled us to focus on inapposite variants while filtering variants shared with the unaffected parents, significantly decreasing background variation that can hamper identification of potentially disease causing differences. Candidate de novo and compound heterozygous variants were identified in this way. Gene expression, in matched neoplastic and pre-neoplastic lesions, was assessed for one trio. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of a streamlined analysis of genomic variants from long read ONT whole genome sequencing and a way to prioritize key variants for further evaluation of pathogenicity, while revealing what may be missing from panel based analyses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kramer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodwin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wappel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borio, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Offit, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feldman, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stadler, Z. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCombie, W. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.27.601096</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exploring the genetic and epigenetic underpinnings of early-onset cancers: Variant prioritization for long read whole genome sequencing from family cancer pedigrees]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.01.601217v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reticulate leaf venation in Pilea peperomioides is a Voronoi diagram 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.01.601217v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Reticulate leaf venation, characterized by the presence of loops, is a distinguishing feature of many flowering plants. However, our understanding of both the geometry and the morphogenesis of reticulate vein patterns is far from complete. We show that in the Chinese money plant (Pilea peperomioides), major veins form an approximate Voronoi diagram surrounding secretory pores known as hydathodes. We also propose a mechanistic model based on polar transport of the plant hormone auxin to produce Voronoi patterns. In contrast with classical models where veins directly connect auxin sources to sinks, our model generates veins that bisect the space between adjacent auxin sources, collectively forming loops. The paradigm change offered by this model may open the door to study reticulate vein formation in other species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venezia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blum, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pedmale, U. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prusinkiewicz, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navlakha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.01.601217</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reticulate leaf venation in Pilea peperomioides is a Voronoi diagram]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.16.603710v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The microRNA156/SPL9 module mediates auxin response to facilitate apical hook maintenance in Arabidopsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.16.603710v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Auxin coordinates cell growth by promoting or inhibiting cell expansion during etiolated seedling development, but whether and how microRNA modules participate in this process remains unclear. Here, we show the miRNA156/SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING-PROTEIN-LIKE9 (miR156/SPL9) module is critical for skotomorphogenesis. Perturbation of the miR156/SPL9 module affected skotomorphogenesis, as the loss of miR156 function or SPL9 de-repression led to shorter hypocotyl, higher hook angle, and delayed hook opening. Opposing phenotypes were observed in dark-grown spl9 and miR156-overexpressing seedlings. Importantly, loss of miR156-dependent SPL9 regulation triggered apical hook formation even under reduced levels of endogenous auxin. miR156-targeted SPL9 arrested cell expansion by repressing small auxin-up RNA19 (SAUR19) gene in a FRUITFULL (FUL)-dependent and independent manner. The conserved miR156/SPL9/15 module also affects skotomorphogenesis in tomato, impacting its successful soil emergence. Our findings unravel how the miR156/SPL9 module plays a pivotal role in the auxin network coordinating apical hook development to enable appropriate seedling emergence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pierdona, F. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, A. J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vicente, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pedmale, U. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nogueira, F. T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.16.603710</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The microRNA156/SPL9 module mediates auxin response to facilitate apical hook maintenance in Arabidopsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.22.604711v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A disinhibitory basal forebrain to cortex projection supports sustained attention 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.22.604711v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sustained attention, as an essential cognitive faculty governing selective sensory processing, exhibits remarkable temporal fluctuations. However, the underlying neural circuits and computational mechanisms driving moment-to-moment attention fluctuations remain elusive. Here we demonstrate that cortex-projecting basal forebrain parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory neurons (BF-PV) mediate sustained attention in mice performing an attention task. BF-PV activity predicts the fluctuations of attentional performance metrics [-] reaction time and accuracy [-] trial-by-trial, and optogenetic activation of these neurons enhances performance. BF-PV neurons also respond to motivationally salient events, such as predictive cues, rewards, punishments, and surprises, which a computational model explains as representing motivational salience for allocating attention over time. Furthermore, we found that BF-PV neurons produce cortical disinhibition by inhibiting cortical PV+ inhibitory neurons, potentially underpinning the observed attentional gain modulation in the cortex. These findings reveal a disinhibitory BF-to-cortex projection that regulates cortical gain based on motivational salience, thereby promoting sustained attention.

HIGHLIGHTSO_LIBF-PV activity predicts attentional performance metrics: reaction time and accuracy
C_LIO_LIBF-PV responses reflect the computation of motivational salience-guided attention allocation
C_LIO_LIOptogenetic activation of BF-PV neurons improves attentional performance
C_LIO_LIBF-PV neurons produce cortical disinhibition through topographic projections and mediate gain modulation
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hangya, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sturgill, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Callaway, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kepecs, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.22.604711</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A disinhibitory basal forebrain to cortex projection supports sustained attention]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.31.605785v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynorphin modulates motivation through a pallido-amygdala cholinergic circuit 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.31.605785v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The endogenous opioid peptide dynorphin and its receptor {kappa}-opioid receptor (KOR) have been implicated in divergent behaviors, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here we show that dynorphin released from nucleus accumbens dynorphinergic neurons exerts powerful modulation over a ventral pallidum (VP) disinhibitory circuit, thereby controlling cholinergic transmission to the amygdala and motivational drive in mice. On one hand, dynorphin acts postsynaptically via KORs on local GABAergic neurons in the VP to promote disinhibition of cholinergic neurons, which release acetylcholine into the amygdala to invigorate reward-seeking behaviors. On the other hand, dynorphin also acts presynaptically via KORs on dynorphinergic terminals to limit its own release. Such autoinhibition keeps cholinergic neurons from prolonged activation and release of acetylcholine, and prevents perseverant reward seeking. Our study reveals how dynorphin exquisitely modulate motivation through cholinergic system, and provides an explanation for why these neuromodulators are involved in motivational disorders, including depression and addiction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruchas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zweifel, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.31.605785</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynorphin modulates motivation through a pallido-amygdala cholinergic circuit]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.29.601707v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inferring polygenic negative selection underlying an individual trait as a distribution of fitness effects (DFEs) from GWAS summary statistics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.29.601707v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
There has been rising interest in exploiting data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to detect a genetic signature of natural selection acting on a given phenotype. However, current approaches are unable to directly estimate the distribution of fitness effects (DFE), an established property in population genetics that can elucidate genomic architecture pertaining to a particular focal trait. To this end, we introduce ASSESS, an inferential method that exploits the Poisson Random Field (PRF) to model selection coefficients from genome-wide allele count data, while jointly conditioning GWAS summary statistics on a latent distribution of phenotypic effect sizes. This probabilistic model is unified under the assumption of an explicit relationship between fitness and trait effect to yield a DFE. To gauge the performance of ASSESS, we enlisted various simulation experiments that covered a range of usage cases and model misspecifications, which revealed accurate recovery of the underlying selection signal. As a further proof-of-concept, ASSESS was applied to an array of publicly available human trait data, whereby we replicated previously published empirical findings from an alternative methodology. These demonstrations illustrate the potential of ASSESS to satisfy an increasing need for powerful yet convenient population genomic inference from GWAS summary statistics.

Author SummaryThe growth of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) over the past decade has provided a wealth of resources for uncovering the genomic architecture underlying complex traits, including the footprint of selection. Currently, there are computational tools for inferring natural selection whereby GWAS results are leveraged to conduct a binary test for overall presence, estimate a correlated property, or summarize polygenic selection strength with a single statistic. However, a methodology that exploits GWAS data to estimate the distribution of fitness effects (DFE), which is the most direct measurement for the genetic impact of natural selection acting on a complex trait, does not currently exist. To this end, we constructed an approach to directly infer the DFE, wherein per-site selection coefficients specifically associated with a focal trait are aggregated across the genome. This implementation is designed to explicitly model an entire genome-wide set of summary statistics output from a GWAS rather than the individual-level input data, which offers computational efficiency and convenience as well as alleviates privacy concerns. We expect this to be a promising development given the further accumulation of GWAS results and investigators seeking more sophisticated analyses into the relationship between genetics and traits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xue, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.-f.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siepel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.29.601707</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inferring polygenic negative selection underlying an individual trait as a distribution of fitness effects (DFEs) from GWAS summary statistics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.08.611918v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Restoring transient connectivity during development improves dysfunctions in fragile X mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.08.611918v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Early-generated circuits are critical for the maturation of cortical network activity and the formation of excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance. This process involves the maturation of specific populations of inhibitory neurons. While parvalbumin (PV)-expressing neurons have been associated with E/I impairments observed in neurodevelopmental disorders, somatostatin-expressing (SST) neurons have recently been shown to regulate PV neuron maturation by controlling neural dynamics in the developing cortex. SST neurons receive transient connections from the sensory thalamus, yet the implications of transient connectivity in neurodevelopmental disorders remain unknown. Here, we show that thalamocortical connectivity to SST neurons is persistent rather than transient in a mouse model of Fragile X syndrome. We were able to restore the transient dynamics using chemogenetics, which led to the recovery of fragile X-associated dysfunctions in circuit maturation and sensory-dependent behavior. Overall, our findings unveil the role of early transient dynamics in controlling downstream maturation of sensory functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dumontier, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liebman, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, V.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valdemar, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Aelst, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pouchelon, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.08.611918</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Restoring transient connectivity during development improves dysfunctions in fragile X mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.09.612115v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spontaneously regenerative corticospinal neurons in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.09.612115v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The spinal cord receives inputs from the cortex via corticospinal neurons (CSNs). While predominantly a contralateral projection, a less-investigated minority of its axons terminate in the ipsilateral spinal cord. We analyzed the spatial and molecular properties of these ipsilateral axons and their post-synaptic targets in mice and found they project primarily to the ventral horn, including directly to motor neurons. Barcode-based reconstruction of the ipsilateral axons revealed a class of primarily bilaterally-projecting CSNs with a distinct cortical distribution. The molecular properties of these ipsilaterally-projecting CSNs (IP-CSNs) are strikingly similar to the previously described molecular signature of embryonic-like regenerating CSNs. Finally, we show that IP-CSNs are spontaneously regenerative after spinal cord injury. The discovery of a class of spontaneously regenerative CSNs may prove valuable to the study of spinal cord injury. Additionally, this work suggests that the retention of juvenile-like characteristics may be a widespread phenomenon in adult nervous systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fait, B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cotto, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murakami, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagemann-Jensen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freivald, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turbek, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Way, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tasic, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steward, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heintz, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.09.612115</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spontaneously regenerative corticospinal neurons in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.10.612244v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Solanum pan-genomics and pan-genetics reveal paralogs as contingencies in crop engineering 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.10.612244v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pan-genomics and genome editing technologies are revolutionizing the breeding of globally cultivated crops. A transformative opportunity lies in the reciprocal exchange of genotype-to-phenotype knowledge of agricultural traits between these major crops and hundreds of locally cultivated indigenous crops, thereby enhancing the diversity and resilience of our food system. However, species-specific genetic variants and their interactions with desired natural or engineered mutations pose barriers to achieving predictable phenotypic effects, even between closely related crops or genotypes. Here, by establishing a pan-genome of the crop-rich genus Solanum and integrating functional genomics and genetics, we show that gene duplication and subsequent paralog diversification are a major obstacle to genotype-phenotype predictability. Despite broad conservation of gene macrosynteny among chromosome-scale references for 22 species, including 13 indigenous crops, hundreds of global and lineage-specific gene duplications exhibited dynamic evolutionary trajectories in paralog sequence, expression, and function, including among members of key domestication gene families. Extending our pan-genome with 10 cultivars of African eggplant and leveraging quantitative genetics and genome editing, we uncovered an intricate history of paralog emergence and evolution within this indigenous crop. The loss of an ancient redundant paralog of the classical regulator of stem cell proliferation and fruit organ number, CLAVATA3 (CLV3), was compensated by a lineage-specific tandem duplication. Subsequent pseudogenization of the derived copy followed by a cultivar-specific structural variant resulted in a single fused functional copy of CLV3 that modifies locule number alongside a newly identified gene controlling the same trait. Our findings demonstrate that paralog diversifications over short evolutionary periods are critical yet underexplored contingencies in trait evolvability and independent crop domestication histories. Unraveling these contingencies is crucial for translating genotype-to-phenotype relationships across related species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Benoit, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jenike, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satterlee, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramakrishnan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gentile, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hendelman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Passalacqua, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suresh, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shohat, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robitaille, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitzgerald, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alonge, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santos, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swartwood, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sierra, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orejuela, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fornaguera, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodwin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCombie, W. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kizito, E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gagnon, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knapp, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarkinen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frary, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Eck, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schatz, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lippman, Z. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.10.612244</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Solanum pan-genomics and pan-genetics reveal paralogs as contingencies in crop engineering]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.13.612752v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Selective expansion of motor cortical projections in the evolution of vocal novelty 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.13.612752v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Deciphering how cortical architecture evolves to drive behavioral innovations is a long-standing challenge in neuroscience and evolutionary biology. Here, we leverage a striking behavioral novelty in the Alstons singing mouse (Scotinomys teguina), compared to the laboratory mouse (Mus musculus), to quantitatively test models of motor cortical evolution. We used bulk tracing, serial two-photon tomography, and high-throughput DNA sequencing of over 76,000 barcoded neurons to discover a specific and substantial expansion ([~]200%) of orofacial motor cortical (OMC) projections to the auditory cortical region (AudR) and the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG), both implicated in vocal behaviors. Moreover, analysis of individual OMC neurons projection motifs revealed preferential expansion of exclusive projections to AudR. Our results imply that selective expansion of ancestral motor cortical projections can underlie behavioral divergence over short evolutionary timescales, suggesting potential mechanisms for the evolution of enhanced cortical control over vocalizations--a crucial preadaptation for human language.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Isko, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harpole, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, X. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zador, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.13.612752</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Selective expansion of motor cortical projections in the evolution of vocal novelty]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.13.612923v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A brain-body feedback loop driving HPA-axis dysfunction in breast cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.13.612923v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Breast cancer patients often exhibit disrupted circadian rhythms in circulating glucocorticoids (GCs), such as cortisol. This disruption correlates with reduced quality of life and higher cancer mortality1-3. The exact cause of this phenomenon -- whether due to treatments, stress, age, co-morbidities, lifestyle factors, or the cancer itself remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that primary breast cancer alone blunts host GC rhythms by disinhibiting neurons in the hypothalamus, and that circadian phase-specific neuromodulation of these neurons can attenuate tumor growth by enhancing anti-tumor immunity. We find that mice with mammary tumors exhibit blunted GC rhythms before tumors are palpable, alongside increased activity in paraventricular hypothalamic neurons expressing corticotropin-releasing hormone (i.e., PVNCRH neurons). Tumor-bearing mice have fewer inhibitory synapses contacting PVNCRH neurons and reduced miniature inhibitory post-synaptic current (mIPSC) frequency, leading to net excitation. Tumor-bearing mice experience impaired negative feedback on GC production, but adrenal and pituitary gland functions are largely unaffected, indicating that alterations in PVNCRH neuronal activity are likely a primary cause of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction in breast cancer. Using chemogenetics (hM3Dq) to stimulate PVNCRH neurons at different circadian phases, we show that stimulation just before the light-to-dark transition restores normal GC rhythms and reduces tumor progression. These mice have significantly more effector T cells (CD8+) within the tumor than non-stimulated controls, and the anti-tumor effect of PVNCRH neuronal stimulation is absent in mice lacking CD8+ T cells. Our findings demonstrate that breast cancer distally regulates neurons in the hypothalamus that control output of the HPA axis and provide evidence that therapeutic targeting of these neurons could mitigate tumor progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gomez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyd, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wee, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gewolb, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amor, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheadle, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borniger, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.13.612923</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A brain-body feedback loop driving HPA-axis dysfunction in breast cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.19.613507v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Eigengene reveals invariant global spatial patterns across mouse and fish brain development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.19.613507v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Development from a zygote to an adult organism involves complex interactions among thousands of genes. These genes exhibit highly dynamic expression across space and time. Here we report a striking simplicity amidst this complexity: Despite individual gene expression variability, the eigengene--the principal component of gene expression--exhibits an invariant global spatial pattern throughout the embryonic and post-natal stages of the mouse brain. Furthermore, the mouse pattern is observed also in the larval zebrafish, revealing that eigengene expression is conserved over 400 million years of evolution. We show that the eigengene pattern can be explained by a simple lineage model in which daughter cells gene expression is similar to that of their parent, but cannot be explained by one in which gene expression arises through local cellular signaling. The constrained lineage gives rise naturally to a global eigengene expression hierarchy that could aid in the formation of a spatial hierarchy of long-range signal gradients. We propose that lineage thus induces an address-like organization, which could have been co-opted by evolution for developmental processes that require positional information over a wide range of spatial scales, such as tissue patterning and axon navigation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kerstjens, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engert, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zador, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Douglas, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.19.613507</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Eigengene reveals invariant global spatial patterns across mouse and fish brain development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.20.614181v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Medicago truncatula CORYNE regulates inflorescence meristem branching, nutrient signaling, and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.20.614181v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The CLAVATA signaling pathway regulates plant development and plant-environment interactions. CLAVATA signaling consists of mobile, cell-type or environment-specific CLAVATA3/ESR-related (CLE) peptides, which are perceived by a receptor complex consisting of leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases such as CLAVATA1 and receptor-like proteins such as CLAVATA2, which often functions with the pseudokinase CORYNE (CRN). CLAVATA signaling has been extensively studied in various plant species for its role in meristem maintenance and in legumes for modulating root interactions with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. Some signaling proteins involved in development and nodulation, including CLAVATA1, also regulate plant interactions with mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. However, our knowledge on AM symbiosis regulation by CLAVATA signaling remains limited and only a handful of genetic regulators have been identified. Here we report that Medicago truncatula CRN controls inflorescence meristem branching and negatively regulates root interactions with AM fungi. MtCRN functions partially independently of the AM autoregulation signal MtCLE53. Transcriptomic data revealed that crn roots display signs of perturbed nutrient, symbiosis, and stress signaling, suggesting that MtCRN plays various roles in plant development and interactions with the environment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Orosz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, E. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindsay, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kappes, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bashyal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Everett, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gautam, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.20.614181</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Medicago truncatula CORYNE regulates inflorescence meristem branching, nutrient signaling, and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.23.614502v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GRAS Family Transcription Factor Binding Behaviors in Sorghum bicolor, Oyrza, and Maize 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.23.614502v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Identifying non-coding regions that control gene expression has become an essential aspect of understanding gene regulatory networks that can play a role in crop improvements such as crop manipulation, stress response, and plant evolution. Transcription Factor (TF)-binding approaches can provide additional valuable insights and targets for reverse genetic approaches such as EMS-induced or natural SNP variant screens or CRISPR editing techniques (e.g. promoter bashing). Here, we present the first ever DAP-seq profiles of three GRAS family TFs (SHR, SCL23, and SCL3) in the crop Sorghum bicolor, Oryza sativa japonica, and Zea mays. The binding behaviors of the three GRAS TFs display unique and shared gene targets and categories of previously characterized DNA-binding motifs as well as novel sequences that could potentially be GRAS family-specific recognition motifs. Additional transcriptomic and chromatin accessibility data further facilitates the identification of root-specific GRAS regulatory targets corresponding to previous studies. These results provide unique insights into the GRAS family of TFs and novel regulatory targets for further molecular characterization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gladman, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumari, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fahey, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Regulski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ware, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.23.614502</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GRAS Family Transcription Factor Binding Behaviors in Sorghum bicolor, Oyrza, and Maize]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.29.615279v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GeTMoR: Simultaneous genomic, transcriptomic, andmorphological profiling of rare single cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.29.615279v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
1Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and circulating tumor related cells, are extremely rare cells that intravasate from the tumor into the circulatory system and can be captured via a liquid biopsy. Although CTCs contribute to the metastatic cascade, and diverse phenotypes of CTCs have been observed - including the cytokeratin expressing CTCs, CTC clusters, large polyploid CTCs, and CTCs undergoing epithelial to mesenchymal transition - little is known about their functionality. By virtue of CTCs being rare, a detection method that maximizes the information obtained per cell would be ideal to understand their biology and for use in diagnostic approaches. The challenge is that rare cell detection necessitates extensive processing steps, during which molecular content, such as RNA and DNA, needs to be preserved for downstream single cell analysis. We developed GEnomic, Transcriptomic, and MOrphological profiling of Rare cells (GeTMoR), a method that extends the High Definition Single Cell Assay for detecting rare cancer related cells to simultaneously image and profile the genome and transcriptome from single rare cells. We validated GeTMoR by spiking in cancer cell lines into whole blood to evaluate the quality of recovered gene expression and copy number profile from the same cell. The GeTMoR approach provides the ability to link the phenotype of rare cells, including CTCs, to their genome and transcriptome, thereby enabling insight into rare cell biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Prabakar, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuhn, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hicks, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.29.615279</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GeTMoR: Simultaneous genomic, transcriptomic, andmorphological profiling of rare single cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.02.615922v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Brain Structural Organization Revealed by Unbiased Cell-Type Distribution Clustering 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.02.615922v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell-type composition across brain regions is a critical structural factor shaping both local and long-range brain circuits. Here, we employed single-cell resolution imaging of the mouse brain, combined with computational analyses, to map the distribution of 30 cell classes and types defined by gene marker expression in Cre recombinase-based genetic mouse models. This approach generated a comprehensive atlas of cell type-specific densities across the male and female brain, revealing (1) surprisingly broad sex differences in cells tagged by developmental cell-type markers, (2) shared cell type composition signatures among functionally related brain structures, and (3) close associations not only between specific cell types but also discrete cell type densities and anatomical regions and subregions. In summary, despite the relatively broad cell type classification enabled by the Cre mouse models, our findings highlight intricate relationships between brain cell type distribution and anatomical organization, associating distinct local cell densities with region-specific brain functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Munoz-Castaneda, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palaniswamy, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drewes, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elowsky, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirokawa, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cain, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venkataraju, K. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osten, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.02.615922</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Brain Structural Organization Revealed by Unbiased Cell-Type Distribution Clustering]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.04.614143v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantitative proteomic mass spectrometry of protein kinases to determine dynamic heterogeneity of the human kinome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.04.614143v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The kinome is a dynamic system of kinases regulating signaling networks in cells and dysfunction of protein kinases contributes to many diseases. Regulation of the protein expression of kinases alters cellular responses to environmental changes and perturbations. We configured a library of 672 proteotypic peptides to quantify >300 kinases in a single LC-MS experiment using ten micrograms protein from human tissues including biopsies. This enables absolute quantitation of kinase protein abundance at attomole-femtomole expression levels, requiring no kinase enrichment and less than ten micrograms of starting protein from flash-frozen and formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues. Breast cancer biopsies, organoids, and cell lines were analyzed using the SureQuant method, demonstrating the heterogeneity of kinase protein expression across and within breast cancer clinical subtypes. Kinome quantitation was coupled with nanoscale phosphoproteomics, providing a feasible method for novel clinical diagnosis and understanding of patient kinome responses to treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>East, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sprung, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okumu, D. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olivares-Quintero, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joisa, C. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erdmann-Gilmore, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sciaky, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malone, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhatia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCabe, I. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sutcliffe, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spears, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perou, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Earp, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carey, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spector, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spanheimer, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Townsend, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.04.614143</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantitative proteomic mass spectrometry of protein kinases to determine dynamic heterogeneity of the human kinome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.11.617952v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A fitness distribution law for amino-acid replacements 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.11.617952v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The effect of replacing the amino acid at a given site in a protein is difficult to predict. Yet, evolutionary comparisons have revealed highly regular patterns of interchangeability between pairs of amino acids, and such patterns have proved enormously useful in a range of applications in bioinformatics, evolutionary inference, and protein design. Here we reconcile these apparently contradictory observations using fitness data from over 350,000 experimental amino acid replacements. Almost one-quarter of the 20 x 19 = 380 types of replacements have broad distributions of fitness effects (DFEs) that closely resemble the background DFE for random changes, indicating an overwhelming influence of protein context in determining mutational effects. However, we also observe that the 380 pair-specific DFEs closely follow a maximum entropy distribution, specifically a truncated exponential distribution. The shape of this distribution is determined entirely by its mean, which is equivalent to the chance that a replacement of the given type is fitter than a random replacement. In this type of distribution, modest deviations in the mean correspond to much larger changes in the probability of falling in the far right tail, so that modest differences in mean exchangeability may result in much larger differences in the chance of a highly fit mutation. Indeed, we show that under the assumption that purifying selection filters out the vast majority of mutations, the maximum entropy distributions of fitness effects inferred from deep mutational scanning experiments predict the characteristic patterns of amino acid change observed in molecular evolution. These maximum entropy distributions of mutational effects not only provide a tuneable model for molecular evolution, but also have implications for mutational effect prediction and protein engineering.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoltzfus, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCandlish, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.11.617952</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A fitness distribution law for amino-acid replacements]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.14.618224v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Diversity of ancestral brainstem noradrenergic neurons across species and multiple biological factors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.14.618224v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The brainstem cell group, locus coeruleus (LC), is present across vertebrates and influences cardiorespiratory, metabolic, immune, and cognitive functions by activating in two putatively distinct firing patterns. Yet, the degree to which the LC firing rates and patterns are homogenous across species has never been assessed due to inherently limited sample sizes. To remedy this, we pooled cross-species data from 20 laboratories to show that firing rates differ across species and are modulated by sex, age, and type of in vitro or in vivo preparation. Contrary to the prevailing dual-mode firing pattern schema, we observed patterns spread across a low-dimensional manifold, with subregions enriched for specific biological factors and neurodegenerative disease models. Our findings show considerable diversity in an ancestral vertebrate neuromodulatory system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kelberman, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodberg, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arabzadeh, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bair-Marshall, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berridge, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berrocoso, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breton-Provencher, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandler, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Che, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davy, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devilbiss, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Downs, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drummond, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dvorkin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fazlali, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Froemke, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glennon, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gold, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ito, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johansen, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaye, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, C.-c.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, R.-j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Llorca-Torralba, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCall, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McElligott, Z. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKinney, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miguelez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Min, M.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nowlan, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Omrani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pickering, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poe, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ranjbar-Slamloo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Razquin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodenkirch, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sales, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satyasambit,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.14.618224</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Diversity of ancestral brainstem noradrenergic neurons across species and multiple biological factors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.16.618726v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ductal pancreatic cancer interception by FGFR2 abrogation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.16.618726v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Activating KRAS mutations are a key feature of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) and drive tumor initiation and progression. However, mutant KRAS by itself is weakly oncogenic. The pathways that cooperate with mutant KRAS to induce tumorigenesis are less-defined. Analyzing organoids and murine and human pancreatic specimens, we found that the receptor tyrosine kinase FGFR2 was progressively up-regulated in mutant KRAS-driven metaplasia, pre-neoplasia and Classical PDA. Using genetic mouse models, we showed that FGFR2 supported mutant KRAS-driven transformation of acinar cells by promoting proliferation and MAPK pathway activation. FGFR2 abrogation significantly delayed tumor formation and extended the survival of these mice. Furthermore, we discovered that FGFR2 collaborated with EGFR and dual blockade of these receptor signaling pathways significantly reduced mutant KRAS-induced pre-neoplastic lesion formation.

Together, our data have uncovered a pivotal role for FGFR2 in the early phases of pancreatic tumorigenesis, paving the way for future therapeutic applications of FGFR2 inhibitors for pancreatic cancer interception.

STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCEMutant KRAS-expressing pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs), the precursor lesions of PDA, are prevalent in the average healthy adult but rarely advance to invasive carcinoma. Here, we discovered that FGFR2 promoted PDA progression by amplifying mutant KRAS signaling and that inactivation of FGFR2 intercepted disease progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tonelli, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deschenes, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaeth, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vithlani, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuveson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.16.618726</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ductal pancreatic cancer interception by FGFR2 abrogation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.03.621740v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antagonizing cis-regulatory elements of a conserved flowering gene mediate developmental robustness 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.03.621740v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Developmental transitions require precise temporal and spatial control of gene expression. In plants, such regulation is critical for flower formation, which involves the progressive differentiation of stem cell populations within floral meristems followed by rapid sequential development of floral organs. Across plant taxa, these transitions are orchestrated by the F-box transcriptional co-factor gene UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS (UFO). The conserved and pleiotropic functions of UFO offer a useful framework for investigating how evolutionary processes have shaped the intricate cis-regulation of key developmental genes. By pinpointing a conserved promoter sequence in an accessible chromatin region of the tomato ortholog of UFO, we engineered in vivo a series of cis-regulatory alleles that caused both loss- and gain-of-function floral defects. These mutant phenotypes were linked to disruptions in predicted transcription factor binding sites for known transcriptional activators and repressors. Allelic combinations revealed dosage-dependent interactions between opposing alleles, influencing the penetrance and expressivity of gain-of-function phenotypes. These phenotypic differences support that robustness in tomato flower development requires precise temporal control of UFO expression dosage. Bridging our analysis to Arabidopsis, we found that although homologous sequences to the tomato regulatory region are dispersed within the UFO promoter, they maintain similar control over floral development. However, phenotypes from disrupting these sequences differ due to the differing expression patterns of UFO. Our study underscores the complex cis-regulatory control of dynamic developmental genes and demonstrates that critical short stretches of regulatory sequences that recruit both activating and repressing machinery are conserved to maintain developmental robustness.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lanctot, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hendelman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Udilovich, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robitaille, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lippman, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.03.621740</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antagonizing cis-regulatory elements of a conserved flowering gene mediate developmental robustness]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.13.623485v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Uncertainty-aware genomic deep learning with knowledge distillation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.13.623485v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Deep neural networks (DNNs) have advanced predictive modeling for regulatory genomics, but challenges remain in ensuring the reliability of their predictions and understanding the key factors behind their decision making. Here we introduce DEGU (Distilling Ensembles for Genomic Uncertainty-aware models), a method that integrates ensemble learning and knowledge distillation to improve the robustness and explainability of DNN predictions. DEGU distills the predictions of an ensemble of DNNs into a single model, capturing both the average of the ensembles predictions and the variability across them, with the latter representing epistemic (or model-based) uncertainty. DEGU also includes an optional auxiliary task to estimate aleatoric, or data-based, uncertainty by modeling variability across experimental replicates. By applying DEGU across various functional genomic prediction tasks, we demonstrate that DEGU-trained models inherit the performance benefits of ensembles in a single model, with improved generalization to out-of-distribution sequences and more consistent explanations of cis-regulatory mechanisms through attribution analysis. Moreover, DEGU-trained models provide calibrated uncertainty estimates, with conformal prediction offering coverage guarantees under minimal assumptions. Overall, DEGU paves the way for robust and trustworthy applications of deep learning in genomics research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rizzo, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koo, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.13.623485</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Uncertainty-aware genomic deep learning with knowledge distillation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.27.625691v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic consensus-building between neocortical areas via long-range connections 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.27.625691v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The neocortex is organized into functionally specialized areas. While the functions and underlying neural circuitry of individual neocortical areas are well studied, it is unclear how these regions operate collectively to form percepts and implement cognitive processes. In particular, it remains unknown how distributed, potentially conflicting computations can be reconciled. Here we show that the reciprocal excitatory connections between cortical areas orchestrate neural dynamics to facilitate the gradual emergence of a  consensus across areas. We investigated the joint neural dynamics of primary (V1) and higher-order lateromedial (LM) visual areas in mice, using simultaneous multi-area electrophysiological recordings along with focal optogenetic perturbations to causally manipulate neural activity. We combined mechanistic circuit modeling with state-of-the-art data-driven nonlinear system identification, to construct biologically-constrained latent circuit models of the data that we could further interrogate. This approach revealed that long-range, reciprocal excitatory connections between V1 and LM implement an approximate line attractor in their joint dynamics, which promotes activity patterns encoding the presence of the stimulus consistently across the two areas. Further theoretical analyses revealed that the emergence of line attractor dynamics is a signature of a more general principle governing multi-area network dynamics: reciprocal inter-area excitatory connections reshape the dynamical landscape of the network, specifically slowing down the decay of activity patterns that encode stimulus features congruently across areas, while accelerating the decay of inconsistent patterns. This selective dynamic amplification leads to the emergence of multi-dimensional consensus between cortical areas about various stimulus features. Our analytical framework further predicted the timescales of specific activity patterns across areas, which we directly verified in our data. Therefore, by linking the anatomical organization of inter-area connections to the features they reconcile across areas, our work introduces a general theory of multi-area computation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Javadzadeh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schimel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofer, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmadian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hennequin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.27.625691</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic consensus-building between neocortical areas via long-range connections]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.07.627262v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Temporal and Spatial Characterization of CUL3KLHL20-driven Targeted Degradation of BET family, BRD Proteins by the Macrocycle-based Degrader BTR2004 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.07.627262v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Targeted protein degradation (TPD) is a promising new therapeutic modality that leverages the endogenous cellular protein degradation machinery of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) to degrade selected proteins. Recently, we developed a synthetic macrocycle ligand to recruit CUL3KLHL20 E3 ligase for TPD. Using this KLHL20 ligand, we constructed the PROTAC BTR2004, which demonstrated potent degradation of BET family proteins BRD 2, 3, and 4. As the TPD field expands, it is important to understand the cellular and biochemical properties of all utilized E3 ligases. Herein we report the temporal and spatial processes of BTR2004-facilitated BET family protein degradation by KLHL20: The target protein degradation kinetics, BTR2004 intracellular activity half-life, and the onset of BTR2004 cell permeabilization. Employing proximity ligation and confocal microscopy techniques, we also illustrate the subcellular location of the ternary complex assembly upon BTR2004 treatment. These characterizations provide further insight into the processes that govern TPD and features that could be incorporated when designing future PROTAC molecules.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yeh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fechtmeyer, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.07.627262</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Temporal and Spatial Characterization of CUL3KLHL20-driven Targeted Degradation of BET family, BRD Proteins by the Macrocycle-based Degrader BTR2004]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.17.628811v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A three-dimensional histological cell atlas of the developing human brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.17.628811v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human brain is believed to contain a full complement of neurons by the time of birth together with a substantial amount of the connectivity architecture, even though a significant amount of growth occurs postnatally. The developmental process leading to this outcome is not well understood in humans in comparison with model organisms. Previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies give three-dimensional coverage but not cellular resolution. In contrast, sparsely sampled histological or spatial omics analyses have provided cellular resolution but not dense whole brain coverage. To address the unmet need to provide a quantitative spatiotemporal map of developing human brain at cellular resolution, we leveraged tape-transfer assisted serial section histology to obtain contiguous histological series and unbiased imaging with dense coverage. Interleaved 20 thick Nissl and H&E series and MRI volumes are co-registered into multimodal reference volumes with 60 isotropic resolution, together with atlas annotations and a stereotactic coordinate system based on skull landmarks. The histological atlas volumes have significantly more contrast and texture than the MRI volumes. We computationally detect cells brain-wide to obtain quantitative characterization of the cytoarchitecture of the developing brain at 13-14 and 20-21 gestational weeks, providing the first comprehensive regional cell counts and characterizing the differential growth of the different brain compartments. Morphological characteristics permit segmentation of cell types from histology. We detected and quantified brain-wide distribution of mitotic figures representing dividing cells, providing an unprecedented spatiotemporal atlas of proliferative dynamics in the developing human brain. Further, we characterized the abundance and distribution of Cajal-Retzius cells, a transient cell population that plays essential roles in organizing glutamatergic cortical neurons into layers. Together, our study provides an unprecedented quantitative window into the developing human brain and the reference volumes and coordinate space should be useful for integrating spatial omics data sets with dense histological context.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jayakumar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sivaprakasam, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verma, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bota, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joseph, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mulay, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumutha, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srinivasan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>S, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>S, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, H. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhaduri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nowakowski, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savoia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tward, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitra, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.17.628811</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A three-dimensional histological cell atlas of the developing human brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.30.628217v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Weight Transfer in the Reinforcement Learning Model of Songbird Acquisition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.30.628217v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Song acquisition behavior observed in the songbird system provides a notable example of learning through trial- and-error which parallels human speech acquisition. Studying songbird vocal learning can offer insights into mechanisms underlying human language. We present a computational model of song learning that integrates reinforcement learning (RL) and Hebbian learning and agrees with known songbird circuitry. The song circuit outputs activity from nucleus RA, which receives two primary inputs: timing information from area HVC and stochastic activity from nucleus LMAN. Additionally, song learning relies on Area X, a basal ganglia area that receives dopaminergic inputs from VTA. In our model, song is first acquired in the HVC-to-Area X connectivity, employing an RL mechanism that involves node perturbation. This information is then consolidated into HVC-to-RA synapses through a Hebbian mechanism. The transfer of weights from Area X to RA takes place via the thalamus, utilizing a specific form of spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). Thus, we present a computational model grounded in songbird circuitry in which the optimal policy is initially guided by RL and subsequently transferred to another circuit through Hebbian plasticity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tran, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koulakov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.30.628217</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Weight Transfer in the Reinforcement Learning Model of Songbird Acquisition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.31.630947v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LIN-67 functionally interacts with heterochronic miRNAs and regulates developmental timing in Caenorhabditis elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.31.630947v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Temporal regulation of gene expression is required for developmental transitions, including differentiation, proliferation, and morphogenesis. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, heterochronic microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the temporal expression of genes that promote animal development. The heterochronic miRNAs lin-4 and let-7 are required during different stages of larval development and are associated with the miRNA-specific Argonaute ALG-1. In this study, we have identified lin-67 as a heterochronic gene that negatively regulates lin-4, let-7, and alg-1. Loss of lin-67 function restores proper developmental timing and stage-specific gene expression to hypomorphic lin-4 and let-7 mutants. We found that loss of lin-67 resulted in a reduced number of seam cells, defects in alae formation, precocious expression of an adult-specific gene reporter, and sterility. LIN-67 contains a K homology (KH) RNA-binding domain and is a homolog of the Sam68-like splicing factor KHDRBS2. We show that LIN-67 localizes to the nucleus throughout animal development and is enriched in nuclear foci. Mutating the KH domain of LIN-67 abolished the nuclear localization of LIN-67, suggesting that the localization of LIN-67 is likely dependent on RNA-binding activity. We show that LIN-67 negatively regulates lin-4 miRNA levels and restores normal levels of let-7 to alg-1 mutants, which can, at least in part, explain how lin-67 suppresses alg-1. Our data indicate that lin-67 is a novel heterochronic gene that regulates developmental timing and miRNA-dependent gene regulation in C. elegans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Medley, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perales, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaete Humada, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doerfel, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levine, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panzade, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammell, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zinovyeva, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.31.630947</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LIN-67 functionally interacts with heterochronic miRNAs and regulates developmental timing in Caenorhabditis elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.06.631545v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Diurnal Modulation of Locus Coeruleus Noradrenergic Neurons in Anesthetized Adult Male Rats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.06.631545v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Withdrawal StatementThe authors have withdrawn this manuscript because subsequent analysis revealed significant errors in the collection of the original data in several of the in vivo recordings, rendering the data unusable. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as reference for the project. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rae, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, N. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irwin, Z. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shea, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMahon, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.06.631545</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Diurnal Modulation of Locus Coeruleus Noradrenergic Neurons in Anesthetized Adult Male Rats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.20.634011v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Volatile-suppressed peptide signaling enhances volatile responses in plant-plant interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.20.634011v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plant volatiles shape plant-plant interactions by acting as defense regulators and response factors. While plant volatile biosynthesis is well understood, how their emission is regulated remains largely elusive. Here, we show that small peptide signaling regulates induced volatile release in maize. Following herbivore attack, green leaf volatiles such as (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate (HAC) are released and induce terpene and indole emissions from neighboring plants. This process is accompanied by reduced expression of the ZmCLE1E9 gene and the ZmBAM1A, ZmBAM1B and ZmBAM3C receptor genes in HAC-exposed plants. Exogenous ZmCLE1E9 peptide inhibits HAC-triggered volatile release by limiting stomatal aperture. This inhibition disappears in the Zmbam1a/Zmbam1b/Zmbam3c triple mutant. Molecular docking supports ZmCLE1E9 and ZmBAMs as ligand-receptor pairs. Furthermore, Zmcle1e9 and Zmbams triple mutants show increased volatile emissions upon HAC exposure. In summary, we show that upon HAC perception, maize plants enhance their capacity to release terpenes and indole via the suppression of CLE1E9 signaling. This behavior allows maize plants to rapidly deploy volatile cues in response to stress volatiles and thus shape the infochemical dynamics of multitrophic environments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoefer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jimenez-Sandoval, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spiegelhalder, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waterman, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hurni, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raissig, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erb, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.20.634011</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Volatile-suppressed peptide signaling enhances volatile responses in plant-plant interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.22.633974v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extensive genome evolution distinguishes maize within a stable tribe of grasses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.22.633974v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Over the last 20 million years, the Andropogoneae tribe of grasses has evolved to dominate 17% of global land area. Domestication of these grasses in the last 10,000 years has yielded our most productive crops, including maize, sugarcane, and sorghum. The majority of Andropogoneae species, including maize, show a history of polyploidy - a condition that, while offering the evolutionary advantage of multiple gene copies, poses challenges to basic cellular processes, gene expression, and epigenetic regulation. Genomic studies of polyploidy have been limited by sparse sampling of taxa in groups with multiple polyploidy events. Here, we present 33 genome assemblies from 27 species, including chromosome-scale assemblies of maize relatives Zea and Tripsacum. In maize, the after-effects of polyploidy have been widely studied, showing reduced chromosome number, biased fractionation of duplicate genes, and transposable element (TE) expansions. While we observe these patterns within the genus Zea, 12 other polyploidy events deviate significantly. Those tetraploids and hexaploids retain elevated chromosome number, maintain nearly complete complements of duplicate genes, and have only stochastic TE amplifications. These genomes reveal variable outcomes of polyploidy, challenging simple predictions and providing a foundation for understanding its evolutionary implications in an ecologically and economically important clade.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stitzer, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seetharam, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheben, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, S.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schulz, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>AuBuchon-Elder, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El-Walid, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferebee, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hale, C. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>La, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMorrow, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minx, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillips, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Syring, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wrightsman, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasquet, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McAllister, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malcomber, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Traiperm, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Layton, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costich, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dawe, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fengler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irelan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Llaca, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parakkal, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zastrow-Hayes, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodhouse, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cannon, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Portwood, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andorf, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albert, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birchler, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siepel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ross-Ibarra, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romay, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kellogg, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buckler, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hufford</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.22.633974</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extensive genome evolution distinguishes maize within a stable tribe of grasses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.23.634259v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An evolutionarily conserved mechanism for reformatting odor concentration in early olfactory circuits 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.23.634259v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding how stimuli from the sensory periphery are progressively reformatted to yield useful representations is a fundamental challenge in neuroscience. In olfaction, assessing odor concentration is key for many behaviors, such as tracking and navigation. Initially, as odor concentration increases, the average response of first-order sensory neurons also increases. However, the average response of second-order neurons remains flat with increasing concentration - a transformation that is believed to help with concentration-invariant odor identification, but that seemingly discards concentration information before it could be sent to higher brain regions. By combining neural data analyses from diverse species with computational modeling, we propose strategies by which second-order neurons preserve concentration information, despite flat mean responses at the population level. We find that individual second-order neurons have diverse concentration response curves that are unique to each odorant -- some neurons respond more with higher concentration and others respond less -- and together this diversity generates distinct combinatorial representations for different concentrations. We show that this encoding scheme can be recapitulated using a circuit computation, called divisive normalization, and we derive sufficient conditions for this diversity to emerge. We then discuss two mechanisms (spike rate vs. timing based) by which higher order brain regions may decode odor concentration from the reformatted representations. Since vertebrate and invertebrate olfactory systems likely evolved independently, our findings suggest that evolution converged on similar algorithmic solutions despite stark differences in neural circuit architectures. Finally, in land vertebrates a parallel olfactory pathway has evolved whose second-order neurons do not exhibit such diverse response curves; rather neurons in this pathway represent concentration information in a more monotonic fashion on average, potentially allowing for easier odor localization and identification at the expense of increased energy use.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albeanu, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navlakha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.23.634259</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An evolutionarily conserved mechanism for reformatting odor concentration in early olfactory circuits]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.07.636917v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Niche-driven phenotypic plasticity and cis-regulatory dynamics of a revised model for intestinal secretory differentiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.07.636917v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
HIGHLIGHTSO_LIDelineation of chromatin and mRNA dynamics of intestinal secretory differentiation
C_LIO_LIPaneth cells have few unique enhancers and share mRNAs and TFs with goblet cells
C_LIO_LIUnlike other secretory derivatives, goblet and Paneth cells are not specified per se
C_LIO_LINiche factors, especially BMP signaling, define goblet and Paneth phenotypes
C_LI

Enterocytes and four secretory cell types derive from stem cells located in intestinal crypts. Whereas secretory goblet and Paneth cells have long been considered distinct, we find high overlap in their transcripts and sites of accessible chromatin, in marked contrast to those of sibling enteroendocrine or tuft cells. Mouse and human goblet and Paneth cells express extraordinary fractions of selective antimicrobial genes, reflecting specific and variable gene responses to local niche signals. Wnt signaling retains few ATOH1+ secretory daughters in crypt bottoms, where an absence of BMP signaling potently induces Paneth features; those that move away from crypt bottoms acquire classic goblet properties. These post-mitotic cellular phenotypes and their underlying accessible cis-elements interconvert readily. Thus, goblet and Paneth properties represent alternative manifestations of a single versatile signal-responsive secretory cell. These findings reveal exquisite niche-dependent cell plasticity and the cis-regulatory dynamics of an updated unitarian model of the intestinal epithelial lineage.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharya, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tei, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, P. N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malagola, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eskiocak, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kraiczy, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perlov, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beyaz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>WANG, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shivdasani, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.07.636917</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Niche-driven phenotypic plasticity and cis-regulatory dynamics of a revised model for intestinal secretory differentiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.13.638164v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Non-Canonical Role of DNA Mismatch Repair on Sensory Processing in Mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.13.638164v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DNA repair mechanisms are essential for cellular development and function. This is particularly true in post-mitotic neurons, where deficiencies in DNA damage response proteins can result in severe neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. One highly conserved factor involved in DNA repair is Mut-S Homolog 2 (Msh2), which is responsible for correcting base-base mismatches and insertion/deletion loops during cell proliferation. However, its role in mature neuronal function remains poorly understood. This study investigates the impact of Msh2 loss on sensory processing in a mouse model. Using electrophysiological and molecular assays, we identified significant deficits in cortical and thalamic sound processing in Msh2-/- mice. These deficits were linked to dysfunction of the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), a brain region that critically regulates corticothalamic and thalamocortical activity. Our findings revealed increased oxidative damage, aberrant neuronal activity, and elevated parvalbumin (PV) expression in PV+ interneurons in the TRN of Msh2-/- mice. Additionally, we observed the presence of connexin plaques, indicating that disrupted gap junction formation may contribute to impaired TRN function. These results underscore the critical role of Msh2 in supporting the functionality of PV+ interneurons in the TRN, thereby profoundly influencing sensory processing pathways. This study provides new insights into the importance of DNA repair mechanisms in neuronal development and function, potentially contributing to our understanding of their role in neurological disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Oviedo, H. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahman, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neophytou, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oviedo-Gray, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vuong, B. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.13.638164</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Non-Canonical Role of DNA Mismatch Repair on Sensory Processing in Mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.17.638606v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A pan-gene catalogue of Asian cultivated rice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.17.638606v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The rice genome underpins fundamental research and breeding, but the Nipponbare (japonica) reference does not fully encompass the genetic diversity of Asian rice. To address this gap, the Rice Population Reference Panel (RPRP) was developed, comprising high-quality assemblies of 16 rice cultivars to represent japonica, indica, aus, and aromatic varietal groups.

The RPRP has been consistently annotated, supported by extensive experimental data and here we report the computational assignment, characterization and dissemination of stably identified pan-genes. We identified 25,178 core pan-genes shared across all cultivars, alongside cultivar-specific and family-enriched genes. Core genes exhibit higher gene expression and proteomic evidence, higher confidence protein domains and AlphaFold structures, while cultivar-specific genes were enriched for domains under selective breeding pressure, such as for disease resistance. This resource, integrated into public databases, enables researchers to explore genetic and functional diversity via a population-aware "reference guide" across rice genomes, advancing both basic and applied research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Contreras-Moreira, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saraf, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naamati, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elser, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chebotarov, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chougule, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsang, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lodha, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amberkar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sue-Ob, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McNally, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ware, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deutsch, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Copetti, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wing, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaiswal, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dyer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.17.638606</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A pan-gene catalogue of Asian cultivated rice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.18.638736v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Triploidy is prominent in the duckweed Lemna minor complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.18.638736v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Duckweeds (Lemnaceae Martinov) are aquatic monocotyledonous flowering plants comprising five genera and 35 recognized species, known for being the smallest and fastest-growing flowering plants on Earth. Many species are morphologically indistinguishable due to their highly reduced structures, yet molecular evidence suggests that visually similar clones may represent distinct species or hybrids. For example, clonal accessions of the globally distributed Lemna minor in the Landolt Duckweed Collection exhibit genome size variations of several hundred megabases (Mb), raising questions about their taxonomic classification and evolutionary origins. We analyzed 58 presumed L. minor clones to resolve these relationships using a comprehensive suite of methods, including whole-genome sequencing (WGS), flow-cytometric genome size measurements, molecular markers, chromosome counting, and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). Our findings reveal extensive genome plasticity within the "Lemna minor complex," identifying diploid and triploid L. minor clones, as well as di-haploid and triploid interspecific hybrids called L. x japonica (L. minor x L. turionifera), L. x mediterranea (L. minor x L. gibba), and a novel African-clade distinct from known L. minor lineages. Triploidy was prevalent, occurring in 29% of the clones, and was associated with enhanced growth under optimal conditions but reduced performance under high light and temperature. These findings highlight the widespread role of triploidy, cryptic species, and hybridization in the L. minor complex, emphasizing the importance of multiple approaches for accurately classifying duckweed species and understanding their evolutionary trajectories.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Michael, T. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoang, P. T. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abramson, B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mamerto, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasaribu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ernst, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allsing, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braglia, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petrus, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuchs, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schubert, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartwick, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lensink, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duong, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colt, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bog, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sree, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morello, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Appenroth, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schubert, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martienssen, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lam, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.18.638736</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Triploidy is prominent in the duckweed Lemna minor complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.20.638910v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Autophagy Suppresses CCL2 to Preserve Appetite and Prevent Lethal Cachexia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.20.638910v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Macroautophagy (autophagy hereafter) captures intracellular components and delivers them to lysosomes for degradation and recycling1. In adult mice, autophagy sustains metabolism to prevent wasting by cachexia and to survive fasting, and also suppresses inflammation, liver steatosis, neurodegeneration, and lethality2,3. Defects in autophagy contribute to metabolic, inflammatory and degenerative diseases, however, the specific mechanisms involved were unclear 4. Here we profiled metabolism and inflammation in adult mice with conditional, whole-body deficiency in an essential autophagy gene and found that autophagy deficiency altered fuel usage, and reduced ambulatory activity, energy expenditure, and food intake, and elevated circulating GDF15, CXCL10, and CCL2. While deletion of Gdf15 or Cxcl10 provided no or mild benefit, deletion of Ccl2 restored food intake, suppressed cachexia and rescued lethality of autophagy-deficient mice. To test if appetite suppression by CCL2 was responsible for lethal cachexia we performed single nucleus RNA sequencing of the hypothalamus, the center of appetite control in the brain. Notably, we found that autophagy deficiency was specifically toxic to PMCH and HCRT neurons that produce orexigenic neuropeptides that promote food intake, which was rescued by deficiency in CCL2. Finally, the restoration of food intake via leptin deficiency prevented lethal cachexia in autophagy-deficient mice. Our findings demonstrate a novel mechanism where autophagy prevents induction of a cachexia factor, CCL2, which damages neurons that maintain appetite, the destruction of which may be central to degenerative wasting conditions.

Key points of paper1) Autophagy-deficient mice have reduced food intake, systemic inflammation, and cachexia
2) CCL2, but not GDF15 or CXCL10, induces lethal cachexia caused by autophagy defect
3) Autophagy-deficient mice have CCL2-dependent destruction of appetite-promoting neurons in the hypothalamus
4) Leptin deficiency restores appetite and rescues lethal cachexia in autophagy-deficient mice
5) Autophagy-deficient mice die from cachexia mediated by appetite loss
6) Degenerative conditions due to impaired autophagy are caused by the inflammatory response to the damage
7) Targeting CCL2 may be a viable approach to prevent degenerative wasting disorders
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ibrahim, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez-Jenkins, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheinfeld, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopes, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sawant, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Z. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dharani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siddiqui, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirek, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saliba, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lattime, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janowitz, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goncalves, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunn, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pritykin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anthony, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rabinowitz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.20.638910</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Autophagy Suppresses CCL2 to Preserve Appetite and Prevent Lethal Cachexia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.03.641115v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Small Molecule Modulators of TOX protein to Re-invigorate T cell Activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.03.641115v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The TOX protein (thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box) is a critical transcription factor implicated in both T acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and CD8+ T cell exhaustion. Gene perturbation studies suggest that inhibiting TOX may have therapeutic implications for both leukemia and T cell exhaustion. However, due to its complex molecular mechanisms and intrinsically disordered structure, TOX has not been effectively targeted by small molecules to date. In this study, we used small molecule microarray (SMM) screening and biochemical assays to identify a series of TOX protein-protein interaction (PPI) inhibitors. We identified KI-TOX-A3 as a TOX protein binder and potent TOX PPI inhibitor. In T-ALL, KI-TOX-A3 revealed selective cytotoxicity and proteosome-dependent TOX degradation. In CD8+ T cells, KI-TOX-A3 potently reversed T cell exhaustion by decreasing surface inhibitory receptors, increasing expression of effector cytokines, and enhancing cancer cell killing activity. We also demonstrate the utility of KI-TOX-A3 to probe potential epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of TOX via KAT7 acetylation in T cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hostetler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leifer, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schiavoni, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choudhary, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westcott, P. M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koehler, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.03.641115</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Small Molecule Modulators of TOX protein to Re-invigorate T cell Activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.04.641443v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Assigning Targetable Molecular Pathways to Transdiagnostic Subgroups Across Autism and Related Neurodevelopmental Disorders 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.04.641443v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Significant genetic, behavioural and neuroanatomic heterogeneity is common in autism spectrum- and related- neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). This heterogeneity constrains the development of effective therapies for diverse patients in precision medicine paradigms. This has led to the search for subgroups of individuals having common etiologic factors/biology (e.g., genetic pathways), thus creating potential uniformity in prognosis and/or treatment response. Despite NDDs having a strong genetic component, only ~15-20% of individuals will present with a specific rare genetic variant considered clinically pathogenic, and therefore, subtyping efforts tend to focus on using clinical, cognitive, and/or brain imaging phenotypes to group individuals. Here we delineated mechanisms via mouse to human translational neuroscience. Using MRI derived structural neuroanatomy and a spatial transcriptomic comparison, we linked subgroups of 135 NDD relevant mouse models (3,515 individual mice) separately to two human databases, with 1,234 and 1,015 human individuals with NDDs, composed of autism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), other related NDDs, and typically developing controls. Subgroups were significantly linked by consistent neuroanatomy across all three datasets, mouse and human, indicating that direct cross-species subgrouping and translation is consistent and reproducible. Ultimately, four specific neuroanatomical clusters were found and linked to precise molecular mechanisms: two showing a chromatin/transcription motif, with one of those showing specific links to G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) and Notch signalling, and another two being mainly synaptic in origin, with one off those showing specific connections to axon guidance and Wnt signaling. Assigning molecular pathways, and thus genetic information, from the mouse to individual participants provides an insight into undetected and/or related genetic variants that could be working in combination or interacting with an environmental influence. Moreover, the subgroups found are transdiagnostic, including participants with autism, ADHD, and OCD, which indicates that NDDs as a whole can be subdivided into consistent neuroanatomical clusters with cohesive underlying biological mechanisms. This work allows us to bridge the gap between preclinical models and human disorders, linking previously idiopathic human patients to pertinent genetics, molecular mechanisms, and pathways.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ellegood, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beauchamp, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yee, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devenyi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ziolkowski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Askalan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayub, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suetterlin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donovan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basson, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quesnel, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berube, N. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beversdorf, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bjornsson, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blakely, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crawley, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crosbie, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orr, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genestine, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiCicco-Bloom, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fink, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asbury, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rilett, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foster, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vincent, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frankland, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Georgiades, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penagarikano, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geschwind, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giger, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markx, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gogos, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golzio, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pagani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gozzi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pacey, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hampson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, T.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yen, T.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsueh, Y.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.04.641443</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Assigning Targetable Molecular Pathways to Transdiagnostic Subgroups Across Autism and Related Neurodevelopmental Disorders]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.09.642267v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inference and visualization of complexgenotype-phenotype with gpmap-tools 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.09.642267v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding how biological sequences give rise to observable traits, that is, how genotype maps to phenotype, is a central goal in biology. Yet our knowledge of genotype-phenotype maps in natural systems is limited due to the high dimensionality of sequence space and the context-dependent effects of mutations. The emergence of Multiplex assays of variant effect (MAVEs), along with large collections of natural sequences, offer new opportunities to empirically characterize these maps at an unprecedented scale. However, tools for statistical and exploratory analysis of these high-dimensional data are still needed. To address this gap, we developed gpmaptools https://github.com/cmarti/gpmap-tools), a python library that integrates a series of models for inference, phenotypic imputation, and error estimation from MAVE data or collections of natural sequences in the presence of genetic interactions of every possible order. gpmap-tools also provides methods for summarizing patterns of epistasis and visualization of genotype-phenotype maps containing up to millions of genotypes. To demonstrate its utility, we used gpmap-tools to infer genotype-phenotype maps containing 262,144 variants of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence from both genomic 5UTR sequences and experimental MAVE data. Visualization of the inferred landscapes consistently revealed high-fitness ridges that link core motifs at different distances from the start codon. In summary, gpmap-tools provides a flexible, interpretable framework for studying complex genotype-phenotype maps, opening new avenues for understanding the architecture of genetic interactions and their evolutionary consequences.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marti-Gomez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinney, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCandlish, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.09.642267</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inference and visualization of complexgenotype-phenotype with gpmap-tools]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.10.642430v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pathogenic Viruses, Genome Integrations, and Viral::Human Chimeric Transcripts Detected by VirusIntegrationFinder Across >30k Human Tumor and Normal Samples 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.10.642430v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Viruses are a leading cause of human morbidity and mortality. Certain viruses, including human papillomaviruses (HPVs), play a significant role in the etiology of cancer. Detection of viral DNA insertions in the human genome from next generation sequencing data defines viral associations with cancer and other diseases, identifies impacted organs and tissues, provides insights into disease mechanisms and has the potential to enhance clinical evaluations. In this study, we developed VirusIntegrationFinder (CTAT-VIF), a tool for surveying human genome insertions of various human viruses using both DNA and RNA sequencing data. We applied CTAT-VIF to analyze a dataset of over 30,000 tumor and normal samples, as well as more than 1,000 cancer cell lines. This effort resulted in the compilation of a catalog of over 30,0000 virus-human DNA or RNA junctions at more than 20,000 insertion loci and reassessed viral cancer-insertion hotspots across the human genome. Furthermore, we characterized the functional impacts of insertions with respect to human copy number alterations, effects on the expression of flanking human genes, and the identification of potentially oncogenic chimeric human and human/virus fusion transcripts at insertion loci. In addition to confirming known viral associations with specific tumor types, our study revealed both shared and virus-specific insertion hotspots in addition to variable functional impacts based on virus type. Besides some rare events of interest, we also found evidence for sequencing contamination, which underscores the need for vigilance when studying viral content or genome integrations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Haas, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Arsdale, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gould, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Georgescu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agosta, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baulande, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jamail, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamal, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bieche, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lenz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montagna, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al'Khafaji, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.10.642430</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pathogenic Viruses, Genome Integrations, and Viral::Human Chimeric Transcripts Detected by VirusIntegrationFinder Across >30k Human Tumor and Normal Samples]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.21.644421v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LetA defines a structurally distinct transporter family involved in lipid trafficking 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.21.644421v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Membrane transport proteins translocate diverse cargos, ranging from small sugars to entire proteins, across cellular membranes. A few structurally distinct protein families have been described that account for most of the known membrane transport processes. However, many membrane proteins with predicted transporter functions remain uncharacterized. We determined the structure of E. coli LetAB, a phospholipid transporter involved in outer membrane integrity, and found that LetA adopts a distinct architecture that is structurally and evolutionarily unrelated to known transporter families. LetA functions as a pump at one end of a ~225 [A] long tunnel formed by its binding partner, MCE protein LetB, creating a pathway for lipid transport between the inner and outer membranes. Unexpectedly, the LetA transmembrane domains adopt a fold that is evolutionarily related to the eukaryotic tetraspanin family of membrane proteins, including TARPs and claudins. LetA has no detectable homology to known transport proteins, and defines a new class of membrane transporters. Through a combination of deep mutational scanning, molecular dynamics simulations, AlphaFold-predicted alternative states, and functional studies, we present a model for how the LetA-like family of membrane transporters may use energy from the proton-motive force to drive the transport of lipids across the bacterial cell envelope.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Santarossa, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yousef, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasdemir, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haase, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coudray, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pavek, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Focke, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silverberg, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bautista, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marty, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tajkhorshid, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ekiert, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhabha, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.21.644421</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LetA defines a structurally distinct transporter family involved in lipid trafficking]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.24.645116v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome sequence assembly and annotation of MATA and MATB strains of Yarrowia lipolytica 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.24.645116v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Yeast is commonly utilized in molecular and cell biology research, and Yarrowia lipolytica is favored by bio-engineers due to its ability to produce copious amounts of lipids, chemicals, and enzymes for industrial applications. Y. lipolytica is a dimorphic yeast that can proliferate in aerobic and hydrophobic environments conducive to industrial use. However, there is limited knowledge about the basic molecular biology of this yeast, including how the genome is duplicated and how gene silencing occurs. Genome sequences of Y. lipolytica strains have offered insights into this yeast species and have facilitated the development of new industrial applications. Although previous studies have reported the genome sequence of a few Y. lipolytica strains, it is of value to have more precise sequences and annotation, particularly for studies of the biology of this yeast. To further study and characterize the molecular biology of this microorganism, a high-quality reference genome assembly and annotation has been produced for two related Y. lipolytica strains of the opposite mating type, strain E122 (MATA) and 22301-5 (MATB). The combination of short-read and long-read sequencing of genome DNA and short-read and long-read sequencing of transcript cDNAs allowed the genome assembly and a comparison with a distantly related Yarrowia strain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zali, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El Demerdash, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chougule, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ware, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stillman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.24.645116</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome sequence assembly and annotation of MATA and MATB strains of Yarrowia lipolytica]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.04.647309v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Parametric Modulation of a Shared Midbrain Circuit Drives Distinct Vocal Modes in a Singing Mouse 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.04.647309v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ability of neural circuits to generate multiple outputs is critical for behavioral flexibility. Here, we leverage the rich vocal behavior of the singing mouse (Scotinomys teguina) to investigate the organizational logic of multifunctional motor circuits. We show that two distinct vocal modes--soft, unstructured ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) for short-range and loud, rhythmic songs for long-range communication--arise not via parallel pathways but through shared brainstem phonatory circuitry involving the caudolateral periaqueductual gray (clPAG). Using a three-parameter linear model of song rhythm, we demonstrate that synaptic silencing of clPAG progressively alters song duration through a single parameter controlling its termination. This parameter also explains sexual dimorphism in songs, identifying clPAG as a key locus for driving natural behavioral variability. Our findings reveal how parametric modulation of a central circuit node can produce distinct behavioral modes, providing a mechanistic basis for rapid behavioral evolution in mammals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zheng, X. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harpole, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.04.647309</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Parametric Modulation of a Shared Midbrain Circuit Drives Distinct Vocal Modes in a Singing Mouse]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.06.647431v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extreme mobility creates contrasting patterns of panmixia, isolation-by-distance and hybridization in four flying-fox species (Pteropus) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.06.647431v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Speciation results from shifts between genetic connectivity and isolation of populations. Flying-foxes (Pteropus) are a compelling model to study the interplay of these evolutionary processes due to their rapid radiation in the island-rich region of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. Here, we investigate the population genetics of the highly mobile flying-foxes Pteropus alecto, P. conspicillatus, P. poliocephalus, and P. scapulatus across large parts of their overlapping ranges in Australia, Indonesia, and New Guinea. Using reduced-representation sequencing, we examined the extent to which panmixia, isolation-by-distance, and hybridization are prevalent in these populations. Phylogenetic and demographic modeling approaches indicate that isolation-by-distance, despite ongoing gene flow, occurs in P. alecto and P. conspicillatus populations while P. poliocephalus and P. scapulatus are panmictic across Australia. We further find that hybridization and asymmetric gene flow from P. conspicillatus to P. alecto plays a role in shaping the historic and contemporary populations of these recently diverged species, which exhibit gene flow along a geographic ring connecting Indonesia to Australia and New Guinea. Together, our findings indicate that long-range population connectivity and limited restrictions on gene flow have shaped the evolution and diversification of flying-foxes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scheben, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKeown, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walsh, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westcott, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metcalfe, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanderduys, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Webber, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.06.647431</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extreme mobility creates contrasting patterns of panmixia, isolation-by-distance and hybridization in four flying-fox species (Pteropus)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.14.648775v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Splice-switching ASOs targeting an Alu-derived exon in the AURKA 5'UTR collapse an SRSF1-AURKA-MYC oncogenic circuit in pancreatic cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.14.648775v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a highly lethal malignancy, driven by oncogenic KRAS mutations and dysregulated oncogenes, such as SRSF1, MYC, and AURKA. Although KRAS-targeted therapies are in development, resistance mechanisms underscore the need to identify alternative vulnerabilities. Here, we uncover an SRSF1-AURKA-MYC oncogenic circuit, wherein SRSF1 regulates AURKA 5UTR alternative splicing, enhancing AURKA protein expression; AURKA positively regulates SRSF1 and MYC post-translationally, independently of its kinase activity; and MYC in turn transcriptionally upregulates both SRSF1 and AURKA. Elevated SRSF1 in tumor cells promotes inclusion of an exonized Alu exon in the AURKA 5UTR, resulting in splicing-dependent mRNA accumulation and exon-junction- complex deposition. Modulating 5UTR splicing with splice-switching antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) collapses the oncogenic circuit, reducing PDAC cell viability and triggering apoptosis. Our findings identify AURKA alternative splicing as a critical regulatory node and highlight ASO-mediated splice-switching as a potential therapeutic strategy that simultaneously targets SRSF1, AURKA, and MYC oncogenes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kral, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sim, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krainer, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.14.648775</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Splice-switching ASOs targeting an Alu-derived exon in the AURKA 5'UTR collapse an SRSF1-AURKA-MYC oncogenic circuit in pancreatic cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.26.650699v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
On learning functions over biological sequence space: relating Gaussian process priors, regularization, and gauge fixing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.26.650699v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mappings from biological sequences (DNA, RNA, protein) to quantitative measures of sequence functionality play an important role in contemporary biology. We are interested in the related tasks of (i) inferring predictive sequence-to-function maps and (ii) decomposing sequence-function maps to elucidate the contributions of individual subsequences. Because each sequence-function map can be written as a weighted sum over subsequences in multiple ways, meaningfully interpreting these weights requires "gauge-fixing," i.e., defining a unique representation for each map. Recent work has established that most existing gauge-fixed representations arise as the unique solutions to L2-regularized regression in an overparameterized "weight space" where the choice of regularizer defines the gauge. Here, we establish the relationship between regularized regression in overparameterized weight space and Gaussian process approaches that operate in "function space," i.e. the space of all real-valued functions on a finite set of sequences. We disentangle how weight space regularizers both impose an implicit prior on the learned function and restrict the optimal weights to a particular gauge. We show how to construct regularizers that correspond to arbitrary explicit Gaussian process priors combined with a wide variety of gauges and characterize the implicit function space priors associated with the most common weight space regularizers. Finally, we derive the posterior distribution of a broad class of sequence-to-function statistics, including gauge-fixed weights and multiple systems for expressing higher-order epistatic coefficients. We show that such distributions can be efficiently computed for product-kernel priors using a kernel trick.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Petti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marti-Gomez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinney, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCandlish, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.26.650699</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[On learning functions over biological sequence space: relating Gaussian process priors, regularization, and gauge fixing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.30.650246v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
3D multimodal histological atlas and coordinate framework for the mouse brain and head 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.30.650246v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Brain reference atlases are essential for neuroscience experiments and data integration. However, histological atlases of the mouse brain, crucial in biomedical research, have not kept pace. Autofluorescence-based volumetric brain atlases are increasingly used but lack microscopic histological contrast, cytoarchitectonic information, corresponding MRI datasets, and often have truncated brainstems. Here, we present a multimodal, multiscale atlas of the laboratory mouse brain and head. The new reference brains include the whole head with consecutive Nissl and myelin serial section histology in three planes of section with 0.46 {micro}m in-plane resolution, including intact brainstem, cranial nerves, and associated sensors and musculature. We provide reassembled histological volumes with 20mu isotropic resolution in stereotactic coordinates, determined using co-registered in vivo MRI and CT. In addition to conventional MRI contrasts, we provide diffusion MRI-based in vivo and ex vivo microstructural information, adding a valuable co-registered contrast modality that bridges MRI with cell-resolution histological data. We shift emphasis from compartmental annotations to stereotactic coordinates in the reference brains, offering a basis for evolving annotations over time and resolving conflicting neuroanatomical judgments by different experts. This new reference atlas facilitates integration of molecular cell type data and regional connectivity, serves as a model for similar atlases in other species, and sets a precedent for preserving extra-cranial nervous system structures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tward, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flannery, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savoia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mezias, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lodato, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Rourke, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arima, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Washington, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coronado-Leija, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitra, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.30.650246</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[3D multimodal histological atlas and coordinate framework for the mouse brain and head]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.01.651681v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effect of plant tissue culture parameters on the ploidy level of Physalis grisea, Solanum lycopersicum, and Solanum prinophyllum regenerants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.01.651681v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plants regenerated from seedling explants (hypocotyls and cotyledons) of the Solanaceae family members Physalis grisea (groundcherry), Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), and Solanum prinophyllum (forest nightshade) were used to determine the in vitro culture parameters that contribute to the incidence in polyploidization of tissue culture-derived plants (regenerants) from these species. We examined the possible effects of zeatin concentration in the plant regeneration medium, explant source, and species. Plants were grown to maturity under greenhouse conditions, pollen was collected and germinated. Flow cytometry analysis verified the utility of the pollen germination method for determining differences in ploidy, which was based on the number of pollen tubes produced with one tube representing diploid and two indicating polyploid. As for zeatin concentration, we assessed the effect of our standard method of initiation on medium containing 2 mg/l followed by 1 mg/l 2 weeks after culture initiation in comparison with 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/l throughout the culture lifetime. There were no major correlations for zeatin concentration on ploidy status across the species except for plants regenerated from S. lycopersicum hypocotyl explants where the percentage of polyploid regenerants increased with increasing concentrations. As for species and explant effects, P. grisea plants regenerated from hypocotyl explants had the highest percentage of polyploid plants at 81% compared to 43% and 35% for S. lycopersicum and S. prinophyllum, respectively. From cotyledons, 8% of S. lycopersicum and 20% of S. prinophyllum were polyploid. A comparison with P. grisea could not be made because cotyledon explants do not regenerate on zeatin-containing medium. The results indicated the incidence of polyploidization cannot be generalized for zeatin concentration, however, an influence of explant type and species was observed. Effects of increased ploidy on plant morphology were primarily larger flower and seed size; however, no significant differences were observed in plant or fruit size.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Van Eck, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swartwood, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gentile, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lippman, Z. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.01.651681</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effect of plant tissue culture parameters on the ploidy level of Physalis grisea, Solanum lycopersicum, and Solanum prinophyllum regenerants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.12.653477v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Skeletonization of neuronal processes using Discrete Morse techniques from computational topology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.12.653477v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To understand biological intelligence we need to map neuronal networks in vertebrate brains. Mapping mesoscale neural circuitry is done using injections of tracers that label groups of neurons whose axons project to different brain regions. Since many neurons are labeled, it is difficult to follow individual axons. Previous approaches have instead quantified the regional projections using the total label intensity within a region. However, such a quantification is not biologically meaningful. We propose a new approach better connected to the underlying neurons by skeletonizing labeled axon fragments and then estimating a volumetric length density. Our approach uses a combination of deep nets and the Discrete Morse (DM) technique from computational topology. This technique takes into account nonlocal connectivity information and therefore provides noise-robustness. We demonstrate the utility and scalability of the approach on whole-brain tracer injected data. We also define and illustrate an information theoretic measure that quantifies the additional information obtained, compared to the skeletonized tracer injection fragments, when individual axon morphologies are available. Our approach is the first application of the DM technique to computational neuroanatomy. It can help bridge between single-axon skeletons and tracer injections, two important data types in mapping neural networks in vertebrates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stam, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tward, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savoia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitra, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.12.653477</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Skeletonization of neuronal processes using Discrete Morse techniques from computational topology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.15.654370v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sustained Glucose Turnover Flux Distinguishes Cancer Cachexia from Nutrient Limitation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.15.654370v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cancer cachexia is an involuntary weight loss condition characterized by systemic metabolic disorder. A comprehensive flux characterization of this condition however is lacking. Here, we systematically isotope traced eight major circulating nutrients in mice bearing cachectic C26 tumors (cxC26) and food intake-matched mice bearing non-cachectic C26 tumors (ncxC26). We found no difference in whole-body lipolysis and proteolysis, ketogenesis, or fatty acid and ketone oxidation by tissues between the two groups. In contrast, compared to ncxC26 mice ad libitum, glucose turnover flux decreased in food intake-controlled ncxC26 mice but not in cxC26 mice. Similarly, sustained glucose turnover flux was observed in two autochthonous cancer cachexia models despite reduced food intake. We identified glutamine and alanine as responsible for sustained glucose production and tissues with altered use of glucose and lactate in cxC26 mice. We provide a comprehensive view of metabolic alterations in cancer cachexia revealing those distinct from decreased nutrient intake.

HighlightsO_LIQuantitative fluxomics of cancer cachexia under matched food intake and body weight
C_LIO_LIIntact lipolysis, proteolysis, ketogenesis, and lipid oxidation in cachectic mice
C_LIO_LISustained glucose consumption in cachectic mice despite reduced food intake
C_LIO_LIIncreased glucose production from glutamine and alanine in cachectic mice
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kwon, Y. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez-Jenkins, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsiang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janowitz, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goncalves, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hui, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.15.654370</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sustained Glucose Turnover Flux Distinguishes Cancer Cachexia from Nutrient Limitation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.30.657122v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeting Neutrophil Extracellular Traps to inhibit Colon Cancer Tumor Necrosis and Metastasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.30.657122v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Necrosis, conventionally thought of as a passive consequence of aggressive tumor growth, is associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC). We recently discovered that necrosis can be caused by neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) aggregates driving vascular occlusion within the tumor vasculature in models of breast cancer. Here, we evaluated the role of NETs in inducing necrosis and metastasis in CRC. We found that the numbers of neutrophils primed to form NETs were elevated in the circulation of patients with CRC as compared to controls. CD177Low neutrophils were also elevated, and they showed reduced extravasation capacity with intact ability to form NETs. The extent of necrosis correlated with metastasis (stage IV disease), independent of tumor size, in our human cohort. In both human and murine CRC tumors, necrotic regions were characterized by neutrophil infiltration and NET accumulation, and NET aggregates were observed in the vasculature next to the necrotic regions. Single cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomic analysis of human CRC and liver metastases revealed that necrotic tumors activate pathways associated with increased metastatic potential, including epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition. Using a mouse model of DNA mismatch repair proficient CRC, we found neutrophil infiltration and NETs increased with tumor progression. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of NET formation decreased necrosis and metastasis, and importantly enhanced chemotherapy efficacy. Altogether, our findings show that NET formation in human CRC is a key feature of tumor necrosis, that it is associated with metastasis, and further suggest that preventing NET formation may offer clinical benefits to CRC patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gazzara, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adrover, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lui, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aminzada, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhandari, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sivetz, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shirue, V. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shergill, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curtis, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cicala, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rishi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devoe, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiss, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lou, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuveson, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beyaz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westcott, P. M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egeblad, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gholami, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.30.657122</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeting Neutrophil Extracellular Traps to inhibit Colon Cancer Tumor Necrosis and Metastasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.04.652236v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Crosslinked CXCR4 Signals Decreased Motility and Increased Adhesion of T Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.04.652236v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a highly aggressive cancer known for its ability to evade immune surveillance, primarily through mechanisms that prevent T cell infiltration. While the coating of cancer cells with the chemokine, CXCL12, is required for the exclusion of T cells, the precise molecular mechanisms behind the failure of T cell migration into the tumor remain unclear. In this study, we identify a potential mechanism by demonstrating that crosslinking CXCR4 is associated with decreased motility of T cells secondary to their adhesion to fibronectin. Using human lymphoblastoid T cells and primary human T cells, we show that polymeric CXCL12-induced crosslinked CXCR4 triggers the non-G i-dependent pathway of tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK-related proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (PTK2B) in T cells. This response is necessary for the decreased motility and increased adhesion of T cells. We also find that the downstream cellular reactions of this pathway is secondary to CXCR4-crosslinking and require the integrin subunit, 4, and TNF stimulation of TNFRSF1B. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms mediating the exclusion of T cells from nests of PDA cells and further support therapeutic strategies aimed at blocking the interaction of CXCR4 on T cells with the CXCL12-coating of PDA cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pearson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.-I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krivitsky, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelley, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fearon, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.04.652236</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Crosslinked CXCR4 Signals Decreased Motility and Increased Adhesion of T Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.10.656791v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Oncogenic and tumor-suppressive forces converge on a progenitor-orchestrated niche to shape early tumorigenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.10.656791v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The benign-to-malignant transition is a defining step in cancer progression. To investigate when and how malignancy initiation occurs and tissue reorganization proceeds, we combine single-cell and spatial transcriptomic profiling in mouse models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) that capture spontaneous p53 loss. Among Kras-mutant cells, we find that oncogenic and tumor-suppressive programs, including those controlled by p53, CDKN2A, and SMAD4, are co-activated in a discrete progenitor-like population, engaging senescence-like responses. Using a framework we develop for spatial analysis, we show that a niche centered on these cells undergoes stepwise remodeling during tumor progression, mirroring invasive PDAC. Transient KRAS inhibition depletes progenitor-like cells and dismantles their niche, delaying malignancy initiation. Conversely, p53 suppression enables progenitor cell expansion, epithelial-mesenchymal reprogramming, and immune-privileged niche formation. These findings position the progenitor-like state at the convergence of cancer-driving mutations, plasticity and tissue remodeling, revealing a critical window for intercepting malignancy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Reyes, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Del Priore, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaikovsky, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasnuri, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elhossiny, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krause, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moorman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snopkowski, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takizawa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burdziak, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ratnayeke, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masillioni, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaligne, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romesser, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Filliol, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nawy, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Magliano, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alonso-Curbelo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pe'er, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lowe, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.10.656791</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Oncogenic and tumor-suppressive forces converge on a progenitor-orchestrated niche to shape early tumorigenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.25.661621v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Positive genetic interactions: high impact, but underrepresented in theliterature 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.25.661621v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetic interactions, where the combined effect of perturbing two genes leads to a phenotype that deviates from the expectation based on the effects of the individual perturbations, often provide important information about the functional architecture of biological systems. These interactions are commonly classified as negative or positive based on whether the phenotype of the double mutant is less than or greater than what would be expected based on the single mutant effects. When the trait in question is fitness, systematic studies of pairwise deletions have shown that negative interactions typically link genes with similar functional annotations, while positive interactions typically link genes that are less obviously related and thus often viewed as less informative. However, research in the sociology of science suggests that transformative discoveries often arise from unexpected, cross-domain linkages. To evaluate these competing perspectives, we integrated large-scale genetic interaction data in yeast with literature annotations from the Saccharomyces Genome Database and citation data from iCite. We found that positive genetic interactions are associated with greater scientific impact, as measured by citation metrics, contrary to prevailing assumptions. Nevertheless, despite their greater impact, positive interactions are significantly underrepresented in the scientific literature, suggesting they are frequently overlooked. These findings reveal the underappreciated value of positive genetic interactions and demonstrate the potential of applying sociology-of-science insights to foster biological innovation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCandlish, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.25.661621</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Positive genetic interactions: high impact, but underrepresented in theliterature]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.04.663250v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GAME: Genomic API for Model Evaluation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.04.663250v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The rapid expansion of genomics datasets and the application of machine learning has produced sequence-to-activity genomics models with ever-expanding capabilities. However, benchmarking these models on practical applications has been challenging because individual projects evaluate their models in ad hoc ways, and there is substantial heterogeneity of both model architectures and benchmarking tasks. To address this challenge, we have created GAME, a system for large-scale, community-led standardized model benchmarking on user-defined evaluation tasks. We borrow concepts from the Application Programming Interface (API) paradigm to allow for seamless communication between pre-trained models and benchmarking tasks, ensuring consistent evaluation protocols. Because all models and benchmarks are inherently compatible in this framework, the continual addition of new models and new benchmarks is easy. We also developed a Matcher module powered by a large language model (LLM) to automate ambiguous task alignment between benchmarks and models. Containerization of these modules enhances reproducibility and facilitates the deployment of models and benchmarks across computing platforms. By focusing on predicting underlying biochemical phenomena (e.g. gene expression, open chromatin, DNA binding), we ensure that tasks remain technology-independent. We provide examples of benchmarks and models implementing this framework, and anticipate that the community will contribute their own, leading to an ever-expanding and evolving set of models and evaluation tasks. This resource will accelerate genomics research by illuminating the best models for a given task, motivating novel functional genomic benchmarks, and providing a more nuanced understanding of model abilities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Luthra, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Priyadarshi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahieu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kempynck, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dooley, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penzar, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vorontsov, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klie, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drusinsky, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Floren, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armand, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alasoo, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seelig, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tewhey, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agarwal, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gosai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinello, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeitlinger, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pollard, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Libbrecht, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mostafavi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kulakovskiy, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsiao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aerts, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Boer, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.04.663250</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GAME: Genomic API for Model Evaluation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.10.664215v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FLYWCH transcription factors act in a LIN-42/Period autoregulatory loop during gonad migration in C. elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.10.664215v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Development must be coordinated across body systems but must also accommodate cell-type-specific processes. We discovered that the gene regulatory circuit controlling developmental timing in the Caenorhabditis elegans larval skin exhibits both points of convergence and divergence with the regulatory program governing the migration of the leader cell in gonad development, the distal tip cell (DTC). As a point of convergence, the conserved regulator of developmental timing, LIN-42/Period, peaks synchronously across cell types both during the L3 stage, when the DTC makes a turn in its normal migratory path, and the L4 stage in which the DTC normally continues straight ahead. We report that lin-42, like its ortholog period, autorepresses its own transcription. lin-42 is required cell-autonomously for proper pathfinding of the DTC; DTC-specific lin-42 RNAi causes the DTC to turn in the mid-L4 instead of continuing straight ahead. We identified the FLYWCH transcription factor FLH-1 as able to directly bind the lin-42a promoter. Using live-cell imaging, we show that flh-1; flh-2 double mutant DTCs have an aberrant turn in the mid-L4. These mutants derepress the L4 peak of lin-42 expression in a stage- and DTC-specific manner, and this derepression is itself lin-42-dependent. During the aberrant mid-L4 turn in flh-1; flh-2 mutants, the focal adhesion factor TLN-1 is repolarized in the direction of turning. These results reveal that bodywide developmental rhythms can be fine-tuned to integrate with specific organogenic processes.

SUMMARY STATEMENTTo identify new transcriptional regulators of distal tip cell migration, a screen for C. elegans transcription factors that bind the promoter of the Period homolog lin-42, a conserved regulator of developmental timing, uncovers a pair of factors that redundantly prevent misdirected migration of the distal tip cell-the cell that guides gonadal development. Through phenotypic analysis of genetic mutants, RNAi knockdown, and live imaging, we found that these transcription factors create a cell-specific autoregulatory loop that controls lin-42 transcription and promotes directional migration by polarizing the focal adhesion protein TLN-1.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kinney, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menjivar-Hernandez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koitz, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grinevich, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madonna Baselios, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammell, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.10.664215</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FLYWCH transcription factors act in a LIN-42/Period autoregulatory loop during gonad migration in C. elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.10.664140v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Novel reactivity phenotype mediates long-term consequences of cocaine exposure during adolescence and adulthood in male Sprague-Dawley rats. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.10.664140v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Individual differences in novelty seeking behavior often predict locomotor responses to psychomotor stimulants, an effect that may have a lasting impact throughout adolescence. The present study examined the role of novel reactivity phenotype on locomotor responses to repeated cocaine exposure during adolescence and adulthood in male rats. Prior to drug exposure, reactivity to a novel object was measured and animals were separated into low responders (LR) and high responders (HR). Cocaine was administered daily (0 or 20 mg/kg, i.p.) for 12 consecutive days, and behavior recorded on days 1, 6, and 12. After 28 days without drug, rats were challenged with cocaine (20 mg/kg) and behavior was assessed. Novel reactivity phenotype had a dramatic role in adolescents acute responsiveness to cocaine. HR adolescents exhibited a robust increase in sensitivity to acute administration of 20 mg/kg cocaine. However, following repeated cocaine exposure, both LR and HR adults displayed a marked increase in cocaine-induced locomotor activity, whereas the change in behavioral responsiveness in LR and HR adolescents was not as dramatic. During the cocaine challenge trial, LR that were exposed to 20 mg/kg cocaine during adolescence showed the highest cocaine-induced responsiveness compared to their saline-exposed and adult-exposed counterparts. Overall, these data indicate that novel reactivity phenotype and age of initial cocaine exposure are intricately involved in the long-term behavioral effects of cocaine. Thus, novel reactivity phenotype may predispose cocaine-using adolescents to continue drug-seeking behavior and potential abuse.

HighlightsO_LINovel reactivity is higher in adolescents compared to adults
C_LIO_LIAdolescents show greater acute cocaine-induced activity compared to adults
C_LIO_LIHigh responding adolescents show robust acute cocaine-induced activity
C_LIO_LILow responding adolescents show lasting changes in cocaine activity in adulthood
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Maldonado-Devincci, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amante, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raudales, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Micheal, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Badanich, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirstein, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.10.664140</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Novel reactivity phenotype mediates long-term consequences of cocaine exposure during adolescence and adulthood in male Sprague-Dawley rats.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.14.664838v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fine-tuning RIPENING INHIBITOR (RIN) expression by introducing allelic mutations in its promoter using CRISPR/Cas9 multiplex editing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.14.664838v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tomato is one of the most produced and consumed vegetables globally due to its nutritional benefits, sensory characteristics, and cultural importance. However, tomato fruit has a short shelf-life, which can be extended by postharvest techniques, but often at the expense of fruit quality, leading to consumer dissatisfaction. To address this challenge, we modified the upstream regulatory regions of Ripening inhibitor (RIN), a master regulator of tomato fruit ripening, utilizing a CRISPR/Cas9 multiplex system. This approach enabled the creation of a population of tomato fruit with mutations of varying severity, which could have far-reaching effects on the RIN-induced gene regulatory network in tomato fruit, leading to downstream changes in fruit traits. We have generated 264 first-generation (T0) transgenic lines of RIN promoter mutants with diverse genetic lesions and RIN transcriptional levels. Our study revealed a non-linear relationship between promoter mutations and gene expression, highlighting the potential roles of certain types of mutations in regulating RIN transcription. Future work will focus on evaluating fruit traits from mutants with pronounced changes in RIN expression, as well as performing transcriptomic analysis to explore the mechanisms underlying fruit quality modifications due to genome editing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beckles, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.14.664838</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fine-tuning RIPENING INHIBITOR (RIN) expression by introducing allelic mutations in its promoter using CRISPR/Cas9 multiplex editing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.25.666579v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Growth Cost and Transport Efficiency Tradeoffs Define Root System Optimization Across Varying Developmental Stages and Environments in Arabidopsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.25.666579v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Root system architecture (RSA) is central to plant adaptation and fitness, yet the design principles and regulatory mechanisms connecting RSA to environmental adaptation are not well understood. We developed Ariadne, a semi-automated software for quantifying cost-efficiency tradeoffs of RSA by mapping root networks onto a Pareto-optimality framework, which describes the balance between resource transport efficiency and construction cost. Applying Ariadne to Arabidopsis thaliana, we found that root architectures consistently assume Pareto-optimal forms across developmental stages, genotypes, and environmental conditions. Using the Discovery Engine, an engine that combines machine learning together with interpretability techniques, we found developmental stage, the hy5/chl1-5 genotype, and manganese availability as important determinants of the cost-efficiency tradeoff, with manganese exerting a unique influence not observed for other nutrients. These results reveal that RSA plasticity is genetically constrained to cost-efficiency optimal configurations and that developmental and environmental factors shift RSA on the pareto front, with manganese acting as a strong modulator of the transport efficiency and construction cost balance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Faizi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehta, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maida, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humphreys, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berrigan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKee-Reid, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCorkell, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tagade, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rumbelow, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Showalter, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brent, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coroenne, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rigaud, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandrasekhar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navlakha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pradal, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Busch, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Platre, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.25.666579</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Growth Cost and Transport Efficiency Tradeoffs Define Root System Optimization Across Varying Developmental Stages and Environments in Arabidopsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.01.668158v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural and mechanistic insights into Dis3L2 mediated degradation of structured RNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.01.668158v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The RNase II/RNB family of exoribonucleases is present in all domains of life and includes three main eukaryotic members, the Dis3-like proteins (Dis3, Dis3L1, Dis3L2). At the cellular level, Dis3L2 is distinguished by the unique preference for uridylated RNA substrates and the highest efficiency in degrading double-stranded RNA. Defects in these enzymes have been linked to some types of cancers and overgrowth disorders in humans. In this work, we used the Dis3L2 protein from the model organism Schizosaccharomyces pombe (SpDis3L2) to better understand the mechanism of action of Dis3-like exoribonucleases, and to elucidate how single amino acid substitutions in these proteins can affect the biochemical properties of the enzymes, potentially contributing to the molecular basis of the related human diseases.

We determined the crystal structure of SpDis3L2 bound to a U13 RNA, in which the protein displays a typical vase-like conformation, accommodating 6 nucleotides of the RNA 3-end. Furthermore, we constructed two SpDis3L2 protein variants, harbouring single amino acid substitutions mimicking the ones already found in human patients, to test their catalytic activity in vitro. We highlight the A756R SpDis3L2 variant, which loses the ability to degrade double-stranded RNA substrates and accumulates intermediary degradation products when degrading single-stranded RNA substrates. As such, A756 seems to be a key residue responsible for the normal cellular function of Dis3L2, specifically regarding its important role in the degradation of structured RNA substrates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Matos, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costa, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pereira, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arraiano, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshua-Tor, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Viegas, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.01.668158</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural and mechanistic insights into Dis3L2 mediated degradation of structured RNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.04.667500v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antagonistic interactions between CLAVATA receptors shape maize ear development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.04.667500v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Meristem activity is controlled by the CLAVATA (CLV) signaling pathway, which involves a suite of leucine rich receptor (LRR) receptors, receptor-like proteins and CLV- EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION (CLE) peptide ligands. FASCIATED EAR 3 (FEA3) is a leucine rich receptor (LRR) receptor-like protein important for meristem maintenance in maize, and acts independently of canonical CLV receptors. Weak alleles of fea3 can increase yield-related traits in maize, so understanding how FEA3 controls inflorescence development can maximize its potential as a crop improvement target. To identify FEA3s interaction network, we used TurboID-based proximity labeling in maize meristems, and identified a putative co-receptor, BARELY ANY MERISTEM 1D (BAM1D). BAM1D and FEA3 proximity labeling proteomes shared over 100 proteins, including many signaling proteins, suggesting they feed into a common signaling pathway. fea3 was epistatic to bam1d in the control of IM size, supporting the idea that FEA3 and BAM1D interact physically. However, fea3 and bam1d act antagonistically, because fea3 mutants had larger inflorescence meristems (IMs), whereas bam1d mutants produced smaller IMs. Together, this study demonstrates how in vivo TurboID-based proximity labeling clarifies complex genetic interactions between CLV receptors and expands our knowledge of downstream signaling components of CLV signaling pathways, which are largely uncharacterized. Our findings support the notion that multiple, partially overlapping CLV receptor complexes coordinately control meristem maintenance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lindsay, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boumpas, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reyes, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Je, B. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ogawa-Ohnishi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Man, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skopelitis, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsubayashi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartlett, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, S.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.04.667500</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antagonistic interactions between CLAVATA receptors shape maize ear development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.05.668560v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GHIST 2024: The 1st Genomic History Inference Strategies Tournament 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.05.668560v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Evaluating population genetic inference methods is challenging due to the complexity of evolutionary histories, potential model misspecification, and unconscious biases in self-assessment. The Genomic History Inference Strategies Tournament (GHIST) is a community-driven competition designed to evaluate methods for inferring evolutionary history from population genomic data. The inaugural GHIST competition ran from July to November 2024 and featured four demographic history inference challenges of varying complexity: a bottleneck model, a split with isolation model, a secondary contact model with demographic complexity, and an archaic admixture model. Data were provided as error-free VCF files, and participants submitted numerical parameter estimates that were scored by relative root mean squared error. Approximately 60 participants competed, using diverse approaches. Results revealed the current dominance of methods based on site frequency spectra, while highlighting the advantages of flexible model-building approaches for complex demographic histories. We discuss insights regarding the competition and outline the next iteration, which is ongoing with expanded challenge diversity. By providing standardized benchmarks and highlighting areas for improvement, GHIST represents a substantial step toward more reliable inference of evolutionary history from genomic data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Struck, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaughn, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daigle, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ray, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noskova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sequeira, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antonets, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alekseevskaya, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grigoreva, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raines, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMaster, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kovacs, T. G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ragsdale, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreno-Estrada, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lotterhos, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siepel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutenkunst, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.05.668560</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GHIST 2024: The 1st Genomic History Inference Strategies Tournament]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.08.668954v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A quantitative framework for predicting odor intensity across molecule and mixtures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.08.668954v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In vision and hearing, standardized units such as lumens (for brightness) and decibels (for loudness) allow consistent quantification of stimulus intensity, enabling precise control of sensory experiences. Olfaction, by contrast, currently lacks a robust quantitative framework linking physical stimulus properties directly to perceived odor intensity, complicating efforts to accurately characterize and manipulate aromas. To bridge this gap, we used a precisely controlled odor delivery system combined with deep learning models to predict the intensity of both single molecules and mixtures from physical properties. These models allowed us to develop an automated, quantitative method that accurately identifies which volatile components meaningfully contribute to aroma perception, overcoming the limitations of traditional heuristic approaches such as odor activity values and demonstrating practical utility in complex naturalistic odors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pellegrino, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samoilova, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ihara, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andres, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerkin, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koulakov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mainland, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.08.668954</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A quantitative framework for predicting odor intensity across molecule and mixtures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.09.669499v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Non-catalytic and catalytic TREHALOSE-6-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASES interact with RAMOSA3 to control maize development. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.09.669499v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Trehalose-6-phosphate (Tre6P) is the intermediate in the two-step pathway of trehalose biosynthesis mediated by Tre6P-synthases (TPSs) and Tre6P-phosphatases (TPPs). Plants harbor small families of TPS and TPP genes, however most plant TPSs lack enzymatic activity, suggesting they have regulatory functions. The classical mutant ramosa3 (ra3) increases inflorescence branching in maize, and RA3 encodes a catalytic TPP. We found that RA3 interacts with maize ZmTPS1, a non-catalytic TPS. Mutants in ZmTPS1 and its close paralog ZmTPS12 enhance ra3 phenotypes, suggesting their physical interaction is biologically significant. ZmTPS1 also interacts with the two catalytically active maize TPSs, ZmTPS11 and ZmTPS14, however zmtps11;zmtps14 double mutants fail to complete embryogenesis, suggesting that they are essential, as in arabidopsis. Interestingly, the non-catalytic ZmTPS1 protein stimulated the coupled activity of RA3 and ZmTPS14, suggesting that RA3, ZmTPS1, and ZmTPS14 form a complex, and we confirmed this by expressing and purifying the three proteins and by Alphafold predictions. Our results suggest that non-catalytic TPSs form a complex with catalytic TPSs and TPPs to stimulate catalytic activity and regulate plant development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tran, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Claeys, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abraham Juarez, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vi, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michalski, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chou, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iohannes, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boumpas, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheppard, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffiths, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furukawa, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.09.669499</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Non-catalytic and catalytic TREHALOSE-6-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASES interact with RAMOSA3 to control maize development.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.22.671882v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MYC-Driven Activation of USP39 Enhances SRSF1 Stability and Promotes PDAC Progression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.22.671882v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal malignancy primarily driven by oncogenic KRAS signaling. The splicing factor SRSF1 plays a key oncogenic role in PDAC, where its tightly regulated expression constrains KRAS-driven signaling under normal conditions, while its upregulation promotes tumorigenesis. SRSF1 expression is regulated in part by proteostasis. However, the precise mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we identify USP39 as a deubiquitinase that interacts with SRSF1 in an RNA-independent manner and stabilizes it by reducing ubiquitination. USP39 expression is elevated in PDAC tumors and precancerous lesions, and correlates with poor patient survival. USP39 knockdown suppresses PDAC cell proliferation and migration, effects that are partially rescued by SRSF1 overexpression. Mechanistically, we show that MYC directly activates USP39 transcription via E-box motifs within its exon 1b promoter, linking MYC-driven transcriptional regulation to post- translational stabilization of SRSF1. Together, these findings define a MYC-USP39-SRSF1 regulatory axis that integrates transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms in PDAC and highlight USP39 as a potential therapeutic target.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ma, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kral, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deschenes, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cifani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuveson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krainer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.22.671882</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MYC-Driven Activation of USP39 Enhances SRSF1 Stability and Promotes PDAC Progression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.04.673741v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
APEX2 and TurboID define unique subcellular proteomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.04.673741v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Proximity labeling has emerged as a prominent, reliable tool for obtaining local proteomes from a wide range of cell-types. Two major classes of labeling reagents, peroxidase based (APEX family), or biotin-ligase based (BioID family) have been developed in parallel. These two approaches are often used interchangeably, or chosen based on availability of reagents, however each may produce a biased proteome which should be considered during experimental design. We compared proximity labeling with TurboID or APEX2 in HEK293 cells across cytosol, nucleus, and membrane compartments. Both enzymes enriched compartment-specific proteomes, validated by GO terms, but showed distinct protein profiles. TurboID identified more membrane proteins, favoring identification of proteins associated with RNA processing and protein localization, while APEX2 enriched for proteins involved in metabolic pathways. Trypsin digestion highlighted biases from TurboIDs lysine biotinylation, which we show can be mitigated by an endoproteinase GluC digestion during sample prep, yet these differences persist to some degree. We find that TurboID suits broader proteomic studies whereas APEX2 targets specific signaling pathways. We therefore show that strategic enzyme and protease selection is critical for optimizing proximity labeling-based proteomic studies, advancing cellular proteome mapping.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Battison, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balsbaugh, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borniger, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.04.673741</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[APEX2 and TurboID define unique subcellular proteomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.04.674122v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
JSP1 Regulates Neutrophil Adhesion via Integrin-SRC Signaling in Vascular Inflammation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.04.674122v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway plays an important role in regulating the innate immune response. Immune signaling is governed by the coordinated activity of protein kinases counter-balanced by protein phosphatases; however, the importance of the latter family of enzymes is less well understood. c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK)-stimulatory phosphatase 1 (JSP1, also known as DUSP22) has been implicated as a positive regulator of JNK signaling, yet its role in innate immunity is not clear. Using a mouse model of the local Shwartzman reaction, we show that JSP1 is essential for LPS-TNF-induced vascular injury. JSP1-deficient mice exhibited reduced vascular hemorrhage. Neutrophil depletion and adoptive transfer experiments confirmed that JSP1-expressing neutrophils mediate this injury. JSP1 was not required for neutrophil development or surface receptor abundance but was essential for integrin activation and adhesion. Reduced SYK and HCK phosphorylation in JSP1-deficient neutrophils are consistent with a mechanism involving impaired integrin-SRC signaling. These findings establish JSP1 as a key regulator of neutrophil-driven vascular inflammation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tonks, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.04.674122</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[JSP1 Regulates Neutrophil Adhesion via Integrin-SRC Signaling in Vascular Inflammation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.09.675127v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discovery and shaping of decision strategies using adversarial stimuli in rats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.09.675127v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Animals typically learn to solve decision tasks in the laboratory through trial and error, rather than through explicit instruction of decision rules. The decision rule used by the animal may be difficult to read out directly from choice or accuracy data, when multiple decision rules are possible given the task design. Here, we demonstrate that in rats performing a visual decision task, probe stimuli can be used to gain information about decision strategy, and in our task revealed variation in the decision strategies used across rats. Further, we find that in a more general version of this task, rats use varying decision strategies that differ from the optimal ideal observer strategy, but respond to manipulations of the stimulus distribution by adjusting their behavioral strategy. Therefore, we show that informative probe stimuli can be used in both training and testing to confirm and shape behavioral strategy in a perceptual decision task.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zador, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.09.675127</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discovery and shaping of decision strategies using adversarial stimuli in rats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.10.675369v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tumor Genotype Dictates Mitochondrial and Immune Vulnerabilities in Liver Cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.10.675369v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although oncogenic alterations influence tumor metabolism, how they impose distinct metabolic programs within a shared tissue context remains poorly defined. Here, we developed a rapid mitochondrial profiling platform to compare metabolites and proteins in genetic models of primary liver cancer (PLC). Analyses of six genetically distinct PLCs revealed that mitochondrial energy metabolism is largely dictated by oncogene identity. Kras-driven tumors required creatine metabolism to buffer energy demands during early tumorigenesis, whereas c-MYC-driven tumors relied on oxidative phosphorylation. Among c-MYC-driven PLCs, Pten-deficient tumors accumulated mitochondrial phosphoethanolamine, a precursor for phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) synthesis. Inhibition of PE synthesis selectively impaired the growth of Pten-deficient tumors and extended survival, in part through enhanced infiltration of CD8 T cells and sensitization to TNF-mediated cytotoxicity. Mechanistically, loss of PE elevated surface TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2), promoting TNF signaling and pro-inflammatory response. These findings uncover genotype-specific mitochondrial metabolic liabilities and establish PE synthesis as a tumor-intrinsic mechanism of immune evasion in PLC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Unlu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Millet, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wangdu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donne, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erdal, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DelGaudio, N. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uygur, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fecke, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cansiz, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tarcan, Z. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isay-Del Viscio, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kilic, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurth, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molina, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sickmann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basturk, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beyaz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lujambio, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tasdogan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tavazoie, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birsoy, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.10.675369</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tumor Genotype Dictates Mitochondrial and Immune Vulnerabilities in Liver Cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.09.668633v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bayesian inference of tissue-migration histories in metastatic cancer from cell-lineage tracing data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.09.668633v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell-lineage tracing now enables direct study of tissue migration in metastatic cancer, but current reconstruction algorithms are limited by a reliance on strong parsimony assumptions and pre-estimated cell-lineage phylogenies. Here, we introduce a probabilistic modeling and inference framework, called BEAM (Bayesian Evolutionary Analysis of Metastasis), that provides richer information about complex metastatic histories. Based on the flexible BEAST 2 platform for Bayesian phylogenetics, BEAM infers a full posterior distribution over cell-lineage phylogenies and tissue migration graphs, complete with timing information. We show using simulated data that BEAM reliably outperforms current methods for inference of tissue migration graphs, especially for more complex histories. We then apply BEAM to public data sets for lung and prostate cancer, finding support for distinct modes of migration across clones and reseeding of primary tumors. Overall, BEAM serves as a powerful framework for revealing the modes, timing, and directionality of tissue migration in metastatic cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Staklinski, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheben, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brault, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hassett, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serio, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nowak, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siepel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.09.668633</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bayesian inference of tissue-migration histories in metastatic cancer from cell-lineage tracing data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.16.676644v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RiboCop surveils pre-rRNA processing by Dicer in cellular quiescence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.16.676644v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In nature, most cells exist in a quiescent G0 state in which cellular homeostasis must be rigorously maintained in the absence of cell division. Non-coding RNAs are prevalent in G0 and are important regulators of development and differentiation, but their function in quiescence is unclear. Here, we identify pre-rRNA as a direct target of the RNase III enzyme Dicer specifically in quiescence. Dicer is physically present at the rDNA, and improper rRNA processing in mutants results in a nucleolar stress response involving a novel trans-acting non-coding RNA (RiboCop) in complex with the highly conserved proteins Enp2/NOL10 and RNase H1. RiboCop is complementary to unprocessed pre-rRNA and triggers rDNA repeat silencing via Sir2, RENT, and histone H3-lysine-9 (H3K9) methylation. Thus RiboCop silences rDNA specifically during dormancy, when silencing of non-functional rRNA becomes essential.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roche, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martienssen, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.16.676644</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RiboCop surveils pre-rRNA processing by Dicer in cellular quiescence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.17.676453v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A deep-time landscape of plant cis-regulatory sequence evolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.17.676453v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Developmental gene function is often conserved over deep time, but cis-regulatory sequence conservation is difficult to identify. Rapid sequence turnover, paleopolyploidy, structural variation, and limited phylogenomic sampling have impeded conserved non-coding sequence (CNS) discovery. Using Conservatory, an algorithm that leverages microsynteny and iterative alignments to map CNS-gene associations over evolution, we uncovered [~]2.3 million CNSs, including over 3,000 predating angiosperms, from 284 plant species spanning 300 million years of diversification. Ancient CNSs were enriched near developmental regulators, and mutating CNSs near HOMEOBOX genes produced strong phenotypes. Tracing CNS evolution uncovered key principles: CNS spacing varies, but order is conserved; genomic rearrangements form new CNS-gene associations; and ancient CNSs are preferentially retained among paralogs, but are often lost as cohorts or evolve into lineage-specific CNSs.

One Sentence SummaryConservatory maps ancient cis-regulatory elements and uncovers regulatory evolution dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Amundson, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hendelman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ciren, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Neve, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sulema, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barlett, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lippman, Z. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Efroni, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.17.676453</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A deep-time landscape of plant cis-regulatory sequence evolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.30.678393v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gut microbiota as a modulator of circadian neural development in the honey bee model. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.30.678393v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Disruption in gut microbiota during the early postnatal period can disrupt normal neural development and result in long-term behavioral alterations1. Similar to other neural systems, the circadian clock mechanism continues to mature after birth2, yet how microbial disturbances in the early period influence the onset of circadian rhythms and the development of central clock mechanisms remains poorly understood. Here we studied whether early-life gut dysbiosis affects the ontogeny of behavioral circadian rhythms and the maturation of clock neurons using the honey bee (Apis mellifera), a model organism that shares features of postnatal development of behavioral circadian rhythm and clock system3-5 with humans6. Our findings demonstrate that antibiotic-treated and gnotobiotic-reared bees display reduced rhythmicity compared to controls. These treatments also impair the development of the circadian pacemaker, marked by fewer Pigment-Dispersing Factor (PDF)-expressing neurons. Additionally, antibiotic exposure increased the expression of the Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein Acid Labile Subunit (IGFALS) in early ages, which stabilizes the IGF-1/27, a hormone important for neurodevelopmental processes42. Together, these results identify gut microbiota as a modulator of circadian development. Our work provides an understanding of how early-life microbial disruptions influence the development of circadian rhythms, providing information that may extend to other animals, including humans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>KORU, Y. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruggieri, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez-Cordero, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aviles-Rios, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Citron-Rodriguez, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montes-Mercado, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Jesus-Cortes, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giannoni-Guzman, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez Claudio, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Courtney, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andujar-Sierra, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strubbe-Nieves, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ortiz-Alvarado, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doke, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ortiz-Zuazaga, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giordano, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghezzi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheiner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giray, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agosto-Rivera, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.30.678393</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gut microbiota as a modulator of circadian neural development in the honey bee model.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.01.679814v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hepatic ceramide synthesis links systemic inflammation to organelle dysfunction in cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.01.679814v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Paraneoplastic syndromes arise when tumor-derived cytokines reprogram distant organs. Although mediators such as Interleukin-6 have been implicated, how these signals impair host organ function remains incompletely defined. Here, we identify a cytokine-lipid axis that drives hepatic autophagy dysfunction. Specifically, in Drosophila, the gut tumor-derived interleukin-like cytokine Upd3 induces the expression of the triglyceride lipase CG5SCC, which we named "cancer-associated lipid mobilizer (calm)", and the ceramide synthase schlank in the fat body. This upregulation rewires fat body lipid metabolism, resulting in an autophagic-flux blockade. Genetic reduction of either CG5SCC or schlank restores organelle homeostasis and mitigates paraneoplastic phenotypes. This mechanism is conserved in mammals: in mice, IL-6 upregulates the lipoprotein lipase Lpl and ceramide synthases which in turn trigger a hepatic autophagy-flux blockade; in humans, hepatic LPL and ceramide synthases expression correlates with poorer survival in hepatocellular carcinoma. Our findings position hepatic lipid metabolism rewiring, especially ceramide synthesis as a critical, conserved node coupling systemic inflammation to organelle dysfunction, and suggest this pathway as a possible therapeutic entry point for cancer-associated liver disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ezequiel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, A.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Binari, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asara, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goncalves, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janowitz, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perrimon, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.01.679814</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hepatic ceramide synthesis links systemic inflammation to organelle dysfunction in cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.07.681052v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Uncovering the Mechanistic Landscape of Regulatory DNA with Deep Learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.07.681052v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The regulatory genome encodes the logic that governs gene expression, enabling cells to respond to developmental, environmental, and evolutionary cues. This logic arises from complex cis-regulatory mechanisms that integrate transcription factor motifs, their syntactical arrangement, and surrounding sequence context, features that remain challenging to decode. Here, we present SEAM (Systematic Explanation of Attribution-based Mechanisms), a computational framework that combines deep learning with explainable AI to map the mechanistic impact of genetic mutations. Applied to human and Drosophila regulatory loci, SEAM uncovers functional binding sites at sequences of interest and identifies which mutations preserve, disrupt, or create novel binding sites. SEAM also reveals that two qualitatively distinct classes of regulatory signal are operative at many loci: signals that are robust to mutation and signals that are readily reprogrammable. These results clarify the inherent ability of regulatory DNA to evolve. They also position SEAM as a versatile framework for interpreting non-coding variants and for informing the mechanism-aware design of synthetic sequences.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Seitz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCandlish, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinney, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.07.681052</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Uncovering the Mechanistic Landscape of Regulatory DNA with Deep Learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.13.681939v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiplexed cytokine and antigen mRNA administration generates durable anti-tumor immunity against pancreatic cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.13.681939v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a devastating malignancy characterized by limited therapeutic options for advanced disease. Immunotherapy, in particular, has had dismal success rates in the PDAC due to a tumor microenvironment (TME) that contributes to immune exclusion and poor drug delivery. Many cytokines necessary for Natural Killer (NK) and T cell chemotaxis, activation, and cytotoxicity are absent in the PDAC TME. Despite their early success, cytokine therapies have largely failed in the treatment of solid tumors as a result of the lack of efficacy of single cytokine administration and toxicities from systemic delivery. To overcome these limitations, we designed multiplexed mRNA cocktails encoding diverse interleukins, chemokines, and interferons for intratumoral delivery. Administration of a cytokine-encoding mRNA mixture into mice with orthotopically transplanted PDAC tumors achieved robust yet transient cytokine expression locally in the PDAC TME, leading to NK cell and CD8+ T cell immunity and reduced tumor growth and fibrosis in multiple mouse models. Combining cytokine mRNAs with those encoding tumor-associated antigens further activated CD8+ T cell-mediated tumor control and enhanced survival after just a single dose in PDAC-bearing mice. Remarkably, lipid-based nanoparticle (NP) encapsulation of an all-in-one cytokine and antigen mRNA cocktail allowed safe systemic administration and local delivery of these immunogenic signals to autochthonous PDAC tumors in genetically engineered mouse models, culminating in complete tumor responses in 50% of animals. These results suggest that multiplexed mRNA approaches to delivering cytokine signals and antigens generally absent in the TME could pave the way for an effective immunotherapy for PDAC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Parikh, C. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeMarco, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kane, G. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhalerao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dinnell, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giwa, H. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chibaya, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mori, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pitarresi, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atukorale, P. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruscetti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.13.681939</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiplexed cytokine and antigen mRNA administration generates durable anti-tumor immunity against pancreatic cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.15.682714v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
3' Nucleotide Asymmetry Directs miRNA Strand Selection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.15.682714v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurate microRNA (miRNA) strand selection is essential for defining the regulatory landscape of the miRNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC). While 5' nucleotide identity and duplex thermodynamics have been proposed to bias strand choice, these features cannot fully explain in vivo strand preferences. Here, we uncover a conserved and previously unrecognized role for 3' nucleotide asymmetry in directing miRNA strand selection in Caenorhabditis elegans and human cells. A favorable 3' terminal nucleotide on the passenger strand promotes selective loading of the opposing guide strand into miRISC, revealing a cooperative interplay between 5' and 3' terminal asymmetries that ensures precise strand discrimination. These findings establish a unified, evolutionarily conserved mechanism for miRNA duplex sorting and expand the fundamental rules governing small RNA biogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Medley, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurosu Moriya, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouyang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crawshaw, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panzade, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sydzyik, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sydzyik, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhandari, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammell, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zinovyeva, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.15.682714</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[3' Nucleotide Asymmetry Directs miRNA Strand Selection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.19.683142v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CD8 T cells mediate immunosurveillance for neoantigen+ epithelial stem cells in the colon 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.19.683142v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Epithelial cells in the colon accumulate substantial numbers of somatic mutations, some of which can be recognised as neoantigens. The ability of CD8 T cells to survey for neoantigen+ cells in the healthy colon would provide an early detection mechanism to prevent cancer, but it is unclear whether neoantigen-specific CD8 T cells can mediate this process of immunosurveillance without becoming tolerant. To address this question, we used a genetically engineered mouse model to express a neoantigen in the epithelial cells of the adult proximal colon. Induction of neoantigen expression led to rapid elimination of neoantigen+ epithelial cells from the colon in a CD8 T cell-dependent manner. Neoantigen-specific CD8 T cells acquired cytolytic function within the colon tissue under steady-state conditions, which was required for elimination of the neoantigen+ epithelial cells. Despite the elimination of [~]25% of their epithelial cells over a two-day period, the colons looked histologically normal. Immunofluorescence and single-cell transcriptomic analyses revealed that neoantigen-specific CD8+ T cells specifically target neoantigen+ stem cells at the crypt base, which was associated with Ki67 in the crypt wall and abundance of neoantigen-negative stem cells. Infiltrating neoantigen-specific CD8 T cells made IFNg and expressed PD-1, raising the question of why PD-1-dependent suppression did not prevent the acquisition of effector functions by these neoantigen-specific CD8 T cells. Despite an increased signature of interferon-stimulated genes in colonic epithelial cells, PD-L1 expression was surprisingly absent. Moreover, we found that colonic epithelial stem cells also did not express PD-L1 under conditions of chronic inflammation, such as ulcerative colitis, immune checkpoint-induced colitis, and ageing, or when directly stimulated with IFN-{gamma} in vitro. Analyses of the PD-L1 gene promoter across humans and mice showed hypermethylation at sites associated with PD-L1 repression in cancer. Thus, our data support a model in which the acquisition of neoantigens by colonic epithelial cells triggers CD8 T cell-mediated immunosurveillance. This results in the elimination of PD-L1-negative neoantigen+ stem cells by effector CD8 T cells and simultaneous repair of the colon by neoantigen-negative epithelial cells to prevent immunopathology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Buck, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iyer, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fagerberg, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Micevic, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>St. Denis, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blackburn, H. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venkatesan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Attanasio, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunt, B. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalrymple, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Konnikova, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beyaz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Damo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Booth, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Connolly, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshi, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.19.683142</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CD8 T cells mediate immunosurveillance for neoantigen+ epithelial stem cells in the colon]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.21.683287v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
JAK1/2 Inhibition Delays Cachexia and Improves Survival through Increased Food Intake 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.21.683287v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death and is frequently accompanied by reduced food intake and cachexia, a debilitating syndrome characterized by weight loss and skeletal muscle wasting. We sought to identify contributors to cachexia using a murine model of lung cancer that reproduces key features of this syndrome. A multiplex cytokine screening approach, integrated with western blot and transcriptomic analyses, identified tumor-derived inflammatory mediators and downstream signaling pathways associated with cachexia. Notably, IL-6 superfamily members were elevated in the tumor and plasma of mice and patients with cachexia. The JAK-STAT3 signaling was upregulated in liver and skeletal muscle, driving the acute phase response and impairing lipid metabolism. Pharmacologic inhibition of JAK1/2 with ruxolitinib improved body weight, fat mass, and overall survival without altering tumor burden. These effects were driven primarily by blunted hypothalamic leptin receptor signaling, which increased food intake early in the disease course. In the liver, JAK inhibition reduced STAT3 activity, restored fatty acid oxidation, and decreased the production of acute-phase proteins. These findings support JAK inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for lung cancer-associated cachexia.

Statement of SignificanceCancer cachexia is a lethal complication of lung cancer that lacks effective treatment. We show that JAK inhibition by ruxolitinib restores weight, fat mass, and prolongs survival in murine models of lung cancer. These effects were independent of tumor burden, underscoring the relevance of addressing cachexia to improve survival in cancer patients and supporting clinical testing of JAK inhibition for cancer cachexia
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dantas, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murthy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perrier, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramsamooj, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nathoo, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kniess Debarba, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lima Queiroz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ersoy, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldstein, I. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lam, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malbari, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altorki, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cararo Lopes, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez Jenkins, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jamal-Hanjani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janowitz, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goncalves, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.21.683287</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[JAK1/2 Inhibition Delays Cachexia and Improves Survival through Increased Food Intake]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.22.683941v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification and Validation of an inhibitor of the protein kinases PIM and DYRK 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.22.683941v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fermented wheat germ extract (FWGE), a nutraceutical with reported anticancer properties, contains numerous biologically active molecules, but its precise therapeutic constituents remain unclear. In this study, we identify and characterize a novel small-molecule inhibitor, CSH-4044, isolated from FWGE. Through preparative HPLC and structural elucidation via X-ray crystallography, CSH-4044 was revealed to be a unique benzothiazole compound. Kinase profiling demonstrated its high specificity toward the PIM and DYRK families of protein kinases. We determined the co-crystal structure of CSH-4044 bound to PIM1, revealing ATP-competitive binding, and critical hydrophobic and hydrogen-bonding interactions. A chemically synthesized version of CSH-4044 mirrored the activity of the natural product, confirming structural integrity and biological equivalence. Functionally, CSH-4044 suppressed PIM3-driven BAD phosphorylation in pancreatic cancer cells and reduced DYRK1A-mediated Tau phosphorylation in neuronal cells. Our findings position CSH-4044 as a promising lead for targeting PIM and DYRK families of kinases and highlight FWGE as a source of potential therapeutic compounds.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bencze, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venkataramani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elkayam, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivera, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szabadkai, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orfi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshua-Tor, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tonks, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.22.683941</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification and Validation of an inhibitor of the protein kinases PIM and DYRK]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.22.684010v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Macropinocytosis enables metabolic recycling of extracellular DNA in cancer cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.22.684010v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Avid nutrient consumption is a metabolic hallmark of cancer and leads to regional depletion of key metabolites within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Cancer cells consequently employ diverse strategies to acquire the fuels needed for growth, including bulk uptake of the extracellular medium by macropinocytosis. Here, we show that breast and pancreatic cancer cells macropinocytically internalize extracellular DNA (exDNA), an abundant component of the TME, and deliver it to lysosomes for degradation. This provides a supply of nucleotides that sustains growth when de novo biosynthesis is impaired by glutamine restriction or pharmacological blockade. Mechanistically, this process is dependent on the non-redundant lysosomal equilibrative nucleoside transporter SLC29A3 (ENT3), which mediates the export of nucleosides from the lysosomal lumen into the cytosol. Accordingly, genetic ablation of SLC29A3 or pharmacological disruption of lysosomal function prevents exDNA scavenging and potently sensitizes breast tumors to antimetabolite chemotherapy in vivo. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized nutrient acquisition pathway through which cancer cells recycle exDNA into metabolic building blocks and highlight SLC29A3 as a mediator of metabolic flexibility and a potential target to improve chemotherapy response.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stamatatos, O. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michalopoulou, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cifani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Aelst, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cross, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wee, T.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lukey, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.22.684010</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Macropinocytosis enables metabolic recycling of extracellular DNA in cancer cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.05.686653v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NOVEL SMALL-MOLECULE INHIBITORS OF THE PROTEIN KINASE DYRK: POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC CANDIDATES IN CANCER 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.05.686653v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) is crucial for normal brain development and its disruption has been linked to various cancers. DYRK1A drives glioblastoma (GBM) progression via stabilization of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Here we describe two, selective, benzothiazole-derived DYRK inhibitors, FC-2 and FC-3, obtained by structure-activity optimization of a natural product lead. Both compounds inhibit DYRK1A with nanomolar potency and display high selectivity across a kinase panel. The co-crystal structure of FC-3 with DYRK1A revealed ATP-competitive binding, with interactions at the hinge region and the DYRK-specific phenylalanine gatekeeper residue explaining target selectivity. Generation of inhibitor-resistant mutants confirmed DYRK1A as the primary cellular target. In GBM cell-models, FC-2 and FC-3 impaired neurosphere self-renewal, cell invasion, and EGFR stability, phenocopying DYRK1A loss. Both compounds crossed the blood-brain barrier and suppressed tumor growth, to prolong survival in intracranial xenografts. These findings identify FC-2 and FC-3 as selective small-molecule inhibitors of DYRK1A with potential therapeutic utility in GBM.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Venkataramani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elkayam, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, K. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altiti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thakur, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michalopoulou, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Aelst, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshua-Tor, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Abed, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tonks, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.05.686653</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NOVEL SMALL-MOLECULE INHIBITORS OF THE PROTEIN KINASE DYRK: POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC CANDIDATES IN CANCER]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.16.688691v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Order code in the olfactory system. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.16.688691v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ability to recognize odor identity across a wide range of concentrations is essential for natural olfactory behaviors. However, how odor identity is represented in the early olfactory system remains an open question. One theory proposes that glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, along with their associated odorant receptors (ORs), are activated by odorants in a temporal order that conveys information about odor identity. This order code is relatively robust to concentration changes, as the rank order of glomerular activation by a given odorant remains similar across concentrations. Alternatively, the primacy coding theory suggests that odor identity is defined by the most sensitive ORs, those that respond first, collectively referred to as the primacy set. To test these theories, we measured glomerular responses to a large set of odorants in the mouse olfactory bulb using calcium imaging. We found that receptor affinities can be embedded in a low-dimensional space (D = 10) with minimal loss of information. Within this space, we identified two clusters of glomeruli with distinct tuning properties that form independent odor representations. These clusters may correspond to the two phylogenetic classes of ORs, as revealed by both their functional characteristics and anatomical locations. In the OR affinity space, odorants evoke orderly activation waves whose directions can be used to define odor identities in the order coding model. Finally, we compared the order code and primacy model in predicting odor identity both across concentrations and across animals. Despite containing less information overall, the primacy model performed comparably to the order code. We confirmed the primacy models prediction that each receptor tends to contribute to the primacy set of at least one odorant. Analysis of binary odor mixtures revealed that mixture responses lie along geodesic lines connecting their component odors. Together, these findings suggest that odor information in the olfactory bulb may be represented through two complementary coding strategies: the primacy and order codes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Samoilova, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harvey, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakayama, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rinberg, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koulakov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.16.688691</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Order code in the olfactory system.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.25.690541v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
plinkQC: An Integrated Tool for Ancestry Inference, Sample Selection, and Quality Control in Population Genetics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.25.690541v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationPopulation genetic analyses rely on high quality datasets that pass rigorous controls for sample and marker quality. Many analyses also require additional processing including identification of ancestry and sample relatedness. A software package that addresses all these common, yet crucial tasks is missing.

ResultsWe have developed plinkQC, an R/CRAN package that combines these functionalities into a single software package with detailed vignettes for example applications. plinkQC determines the ancestry of study samples via a pre-trained random forest classifier that reaches 98% performance accuracy with just 5% of marker overlap between reference and user data. To obtain the maximal set of unrelated study samples, we developed a graph-based pruning method, taking both relationship estimates and sample quality into account. We demonstrate optimal sample selection on the 1000 Genomes project, where we retain an additional 71 samples compared to publicly available exclusion lists. Finally, plinkQC bundles these results together with per-individual and per-marker quality control checks into three simple functions and returns both the quality controlled data set and quality control report about each step of the analysis.

AvailabilityplinkQC is available as an R/CRAN package. The documentation and code are available on github: https://meyer-lab-cshl.github.io/plinkQC/ and https://github.com/meyer-lab-cshl/plinkQC_manuscript.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Syed, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walter, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, H. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.25.690541</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[plinkQC: An Integrated Tool for Ancestry Inference, Sample Selection, and Quality Control in Population Genetics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.26.690878v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A clinical-stage oncology compound selectively targets drug-resistant cancers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.26.690878v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Re-evaluating existing clinical compounds can uncover previously unrecognized mechanisms that reshape a drugs therapeutic potential. The small molecule Procaspase-Activating Compound 1 (PAC-1) entered oncology testing as a proposed activator of caspase-driven apoptosis. Here, we show that PAC-1-driven cytotoxicity occurs in the absence of executioner caspase expression, demonstrating that its anti-cancer activity occurs via an alternative mechanism. We provide genetic, biochemical, and biophysical evidence demonstrating that PAC-1 functions as a highly selective iron chelator that eliminates cancer cells by disrupting iron homeostasis. Unexpectedly, we discovered that expression of the key chemotherapy-resistance pump MDR1 confers marked hypersensitivity to PAC-1 treatment. While PAC-1 is only weakly effluxed by MDR1 under basal conditions, this process is potentiated when PAC-1 is bound to iron. Consequently, PAC-1 induces progressive iron depletion and selective cytotoxicity in otherwise drug-resistant MDR1-expressing cancer cells. Together, these findings redefine PAC-1s mechanism-of-action and establish a framework for exploiting multidrug resistance as a therapeutic vulnerability through targeted iron starvation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Long, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharjee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newman-Stonebraker, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suhr, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mercado, B. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tighe, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romero, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sausville, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>John, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Julian, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mishra, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klingbeil, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhatt, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ricardo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vakoc, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bornhauser, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corsello, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holland, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheltzer, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.26.690878</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A clinical-stage oncology compound selectively targets drug-resistant cancers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.08.693057v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Weakest link epistasis and the geometry of genetic load 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.08.693057v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Because natural selection must optimise multiple traits at once, previous work has suggested that phenotypic dimensionality can substantially worsen the equilibrium fitness defect of a population relative to the phenotypic optimum. However, it remains unclear how conclusions drawn from classical theoretical phenotype-fitness maps extend to models grounded in explicit biological mechanisms. Here we introduce weakest-link epistasis (WLE), a framework in which fitness is determined by the least-fit phenotypic component, an extreme form of diminishing returns epistasis. We show that in this framework, increasing dimensionality amplifies the load in a manner comparable to, but surprisingly not more than, Fishers geometric model (FGM). Building on this similarity, we demonstrate why genetic load is often invariant across different rules for combining trait-specific fitness components into an overall organismal fitness. We explore these ideas by considering the family of models where the organismal fitness is determined based on the{ell} p-norm of the vector of trait-specific fitness defects, a framework that includes both FGM and WLE, but also captures a continuum of genetic architectures, ranging from generalist to specialist regimes. Altogether, our approach proposes a new perspective on the geometry of adaptive landscapes, and may help provide quantitative insight into the cost of complexity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Labourel, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bansept, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCandlish, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.08.693057</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Weakest link epistasis and the geometry of genetic load]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.08.693054v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GaugeFixer: overcoming parameter non-identifiability in models of sequence-function relationships 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.08.693054v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mathematical models that describe sequence-function relationships are widely used in computational biology. A key challenge when interpreting these models is that their parameters are not uniquely determined: many different parameter choices can encode the same sequence-function landscape. These ambiguities, known as "gauge freedoms," must be resolved before parameter values can be meaningfully interpreted. Resolving gauge freedoms requires imposing mathematical constraints on parameters that remove these degrees of freedom, a procedure called "fixing the gauge." We recently developed mathematical methods for fixing the gauge of a large class of commonly used models, but the direct computational implementation of these methods is often impractical due to the need for projection matrices whose memory requirements scale quadratically with the number of parameters. Here we introduce GaugeFixer, a Python package that exploits the specific mathematical structure of gauge-fixing projections to achieve linear scaling, thus enabling application to models with millions of parameters. To demonstrate GaugeFixer, we analyze the local structure of peaks in an empirical fitness landscape for translation initiation. GaugeFixer reveals striking similarities, but also fine-scaled variation, in ribosome binding preferences at different positions relative to the start codon, thereby facilitating the interpretation of an otherwise unwieldy fitness landscape. GaugeFixer thus fills an unmet need in the computational tools available for biologically interpreting sequence-function relationships.

Availability and implementationGaugeFixer is compatible with Python [&ge;] 3.10 and can be installed using the pip package manager. Documentation is provided at https://gaugefixer.readthedocs.io. Source code is available at https://github.com/jbkinney/gaugefixer, as are the scripts used to carry out the analyses presented here.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marti-Gomez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCandlish, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinney, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.08.693054</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GaugeFixer: overcoming parameter non-identifiability in models of sequence-function relationships]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.08.693091v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Non-apoptotic death of the C. elegans linker cell is primed by MYRF-1 activation of pqn-41/polyQ 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.08.693091v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Linker cell-type death (LCD) is a morphologically conserved non-apoptotic cell-death process with features resembling polyglutamine-dependent neurodegeneration. In C. elegans development, LCD eliminates the male-specific linker cell following its long-range migration. Using single-cell mRNA sequencing of migrating and dying linker cells, we identify myrf-1, encoding a membrane-bound transcription factor implicated in human developmental disorders, as a key LCD regulator. MYRF-1 translocates to the linker cell nucleus during early migration and, surprisingly, its auxin-inducible degradation then, but not later, blocks LCD. MYRF-1 directly binds known LCD genes, including pqn-41, encoding an aggregation-prone polyglutamine protein. Deleting a bona fide MYRF-1-binding site within pqn-41 promotes linker cell survival. Our findings reveal that linker cell death is primed well before cell demise takes place, temporally uncoupling death commitment and execution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yarychkivska, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horowitz, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newland, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mittal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamura, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novosolova, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ritter, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ercan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaham, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.08.693091</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Non-apoptotic death of the C. elegans linker cell is primed by MYRF-1 activation of pqn-41/polyQ]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.09.693230v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sparse, random sampling is sufficient for central tolerance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.09.693230v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Negative selection in the thymus limits autoimmunity by eliminating T cells that react strongly to self. Individual T cells, however, are only exposed to a small fraction of all self peptides during their "training" in the thymus, and it is puzzling how tolerance can be generalized to the remaining "test" self peptides across peripheral tissues in the body. Using a machine learning perspective, we show that such generalization is possible because the immune system satisfies two conditions: first that peptide abundance levels in the human thymus and periphery are highly correlated (i.e., training distribution {approx} test distribution), and second that cross-reactivity allows T cells to effectively learn binding information of similar peptides without explicitly interacting with all of them. Together, we show that sparse, random sampling of only 10% of self peptides in the thymus is sufficient to avoid reactivity to 90% of peripheral self, and we support this result with diverse experimental data. We then validate two predictions by our model; the first is that only 200-250 antigen presenting cells need to be seen by a T cell to ensure its robust selection, and the second relates how peptides missing from the thymus can drive auto-immunity of peripheral tissues. Overall, we provide a plausible answer to a long-standing question underlying adaptive immunity, and we highlight how generalization, a fundamental challenge faced by nearly every learning algorithm, is uniquely tackled by the immune system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Meyer, H. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dasgupta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prabakar, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chapin, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiingsford, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navlakha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.09.693230</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sparse, random sampling is sufficient for central tolerance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.12.694014v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rehabilitation drives functional reorganization of intact corticospinal-supraspinal projections following partial spinal cord injury 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.12.694014v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts corticospinal tract (CST) connectivity and impairs skilled voluntary movement. However, most human SCIs are anatomically incomplete, allowing spared CST pathways to engage in rehabilitation-mediated plasticity to promote functional recovery. How voluntary rehabilitation engages and reorganizes the supraspinal targets of the intact CST remains incompletely understood. Here, we combined unilateral pyramidotomy (uPyX) in male and female mice with continuous voluntary complex-wheel running to test whether fine motor-dependent rehabilitation drives supraspinal CST plasticity. uPyX mice rapidly resumed wheel running after a transient deficit. In contrast to lesion-only controls, rehabilitation significantly improved skilled forelimb performance on the horizontal ladder rung task. Immunohistochemical c-Fos labeling confirmed that complex-wheel running robustly activated the intact forelimb CST in motor cortex. Whole-brain CST projection mapping using intersectional viral vector tracing revealed targeted supraspinal reorganization localized to medullary motor nuclei. Three nuclei - the lateral paragigantocellular reticular nucleus (LPGi), gigantocellular reticular nucleus, alpha part (GiA), and ventral medullary reticular nucleus (MdV) - exhibited significant lesion- and/or rehabilitation-induced increases in CST innervation. Rehabilitation-driven CST sprouting correlated with regional c-Fos activation, indicating activity-dependent remodeling. Notably, CST projection density in the MdV, critical for skilled forelimb control, correlated with functional recovery. These findings identify a set of spinally-projecting medullary nuclei as key sites of rehabilitation-induced CST plasticity and highlight the MdV as a potential mediator of restored motor function. This work defines how voluntary rehabilitation reorganizes spared corticospinal pathways and provides targets for optimizing activity-based interventions after SCI.

Significance StatementEffective rehabilitation after spinal cord injury (SCI) must harness the plasticity of spared motor pathways, yet the supraspinal circuits that support rehabilitation-mediated recovery remain unknown. Using a model that preserves voluntary motor engagement, we show that continuous fine motor-dependent rehabilitation activates intact corticospinal neurons and drives highly specific remodeling of their supraspinal terminals. Rehabilitation selectively strengthens CST inputs to motor regions of the medulla, particularly the ventral medullary reticular nucleus (MdV), and CST plasticity within this region predicts enhanced behavioral recovery. These findings highlight the MdV as a central locus by which rehabilitation re-establishes descending control of the impaired limb, providing mechanistic insight to guide targeted, circuit-based rehabilitation therapies for incomplete SCI.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bonanno, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trivedi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Brien, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cafferty, W. B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.12.694014</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rehabilitation drives functional reorganization of intact corticospinal-supraspinal projections following partial spinal cord injury]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.13.694160v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-Fidelity Tuning of Olfactory Mixture Distances in the Perceptual Space of Smell Through a Community Effort 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.13.694160v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A central goal in sensory science is to establish quantitative mappings between physical stimuli and perceptual responses. While such mappings are well characterized in vision and audition, they remain poorly defined in olfaction, limiting progress toward understanding the representations of smell. Predicting perceptual similarity between odor mixtures offers a promising route to formalize these relationships. To advance this effort, the DREAM (Dialogue for Reverse Engineering Assessment and Methods) Olfactory Mixtures Prediction Challenge assembled a curated, cross-study dataset describing the similarity of 507 mixture pairs and an unpublished test set of 46 mixture pairs. Teams competed to predict the perceptual similarity of mixture pairs, and then collaborated post-challenge to create an ensemble combining top-performing models that notably improves predictions over the existing state-of-the-art models. Moreover, ensemble model maintains high predictive accuracy in novel validation set. Our model provides a reproducible framework for neuroscientists, chemists, and engineers to compare odor mixtures and provides a foundation for future efforts towards better understanding the olfactory properties of mixtures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Satarifard, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sisson, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ilidio, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hladis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lalis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, C. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreoletti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albrecht, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pellegrino, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'hondt, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghinis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Boer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakano, F. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gharahighehi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DREAM Olfactory Mixtures Prediction Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez-Lengeling, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vosshall, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiorucci, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tewari, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Topin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vens, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bjorkman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kragic, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sobel, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christakis, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mainland, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.13.694160</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-Fidelity Tuning of Olfactory Mixture Distances in the Perceptual Space of Smell Through a Community Effort]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.19.695194v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The plant circadian clock exerts stronger control over the diel proteome than the transcriptome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.19.695194v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The plant circadian clock is a genetic circuit composed of multiple mutually-regulating transcription factors that together synchronize internal biological rhythms to the [~]24-hour period of planetary rotation. While it has been known for over a decade that nearly 40% of the transcriptome in the model plant Arabidopsis oscillates with a circadian rhythm, it is yet unclear to what extent this translates to the proteome. Here, through parallel quantitative proteome and transcriptome time-course profiling of Arabidopsis wild-type plants and a panel of clock deficient plant lines, we show that specific clock genes exercise extensive control over diel proteome rhythmicity, and to a much greater extent than they do the transcriptome. This control results in a clock-dependent synchronization of rhythmic proteins along a bimodal phase distribution that is lost in circadian clock deficient plants. This suggests pervasive post-translational control of gene expression by specific elements of the circadian system, notably the morning expressed LHY/CCA1 module. Our findings imply that the circadian clock exercises much greater control of gene expression through proteostasis mechanisms than previously recognised, necessitating a recalibration of our current understanding of clock proteins as primarily transcriptional regulators.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mehta, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Talasila, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, Z. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez Gallo, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muzumdar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasha, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lock, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ezer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Provart, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uhrig, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.19.695194</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The plant circadian clock exerts stronger control over the diel proteome than the transcriptome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.22.695990v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NW-flex: flexible-block sequence alignment for short tandem repeats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.22.695990v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aligning sequencing reads to short tandem repeats (STRs) is challenging: the number of repeat copies in a read often differs from the reference, and small changes inside and around the repeat can lead to many competing alignments. We introduce NW-flex, a simple extension of classical sequence alignment that addresses this problem.

NW-flex takes a reference with a designated internal block and, while allowing that block to contract to any shorter substring, identifies the best-scoring alignment. Apart from this substring choice, the alignment obeys the usual substitution scoring and gap constraints. For STRs, we design the flexible block with enough repeat copies to accommodate any expected repeat count. The alignment then contracts the reference to match the read while the unique flanks remain fully constrained.

NW-flex requires a small modification to the Needleman-Wunsch/Gotoh algorithm, adds minimal computational overhead, and preserves optimality with respect to classical scoring. We provide open-source Python and Cython implementations, a set of worked examples, and notebooks that reproduce the figures and validate correctness against baseline alignments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levy, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.22.695990</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NW-flex: flexible-block sequence alignment for short tandem repeats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.22.695963v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A foundational model for joint sequence-function multi-species modeling at scale for long-range genomic prediction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.22.695963v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genomic prediction and design require models that integrate local sequence features with long-range regulatory dependencies spanning hundreds of kilobases to megabases. Existing approaches have made substantial progress along complementary axes: supervised sequence-to-function models achieve high accuracy for specific assays and organisms, self-supervised genomic foundation models learn transferable representations from large-scale sequence data, and conditional generative models enable principled sequence design guided by functional objectives. However, these strengths are typically realized in isolation--across distinct model classes, architectures, and training regimes--limiting the ability to combine long-context, base-resolution prediction, functional modeling, and controllable generation within a single efficient framework that generalizes across organisms and modalities.

Here we introduce Nucleotide Transformer v3 (NTv3), a multi-species foundation model that unifies representation learning, functional-track and genome-annotation prediction, and controllable sequence generation within a common backbone. NTv3 uses a U-Net-like architecture to enable single-base tokenization and efficient modeling of contexts up to 1 Mb. We pre-train NTv3 on 9 trillion base pairs from OpenGenome2 using base-resolution masked language modeling, followed by post-training with a joint objective that integrates continued self-supervision with supervised learning on [~]16,000 functional tracks and annotation labels from 24 animal and plant species. After post-training, NTv3 achieves state-of-the-art accuracy for functional-track prediction and genome annotation across species, outperforming leading sequence-to-function and foundation-model baselines on established benchmarks and on the new NO_SCPLOWTVC_SCPLOW 3 BO_SCPLOWENCHMARKC_SCPLOW, a controlled downstream fine-tuning suite in a standardized 32 kb input / base-resolution output setting. We further show that NTv3 consolidates a shared regulatory grammar across tasks, enabling coherent long-range genome-to-function inference and variant-associated remodeling. Finally, we fine-tune NTv3 into a controllable generative model via masked diffusion language modeling and use it to design enhancer sequences with specified activity levels and promoter selectivity. We validate these designs experimentally, showing that generated enhancers recapitulate the intended activity stratification and achieve the desired promoter-specific activation in cellulo. We release the NTv3 model family together with code and practical cookbooks for long-context training, multispecies post-training, fine-tuning, interpretation, and sequence design.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Boshar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Picard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adel, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorbeer, F. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajesh, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karch, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sidbon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emms, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendoza-Revilla, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Ani, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seitz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schiff, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bornachot, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laterre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beguir, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuleshov, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stark, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Almeida, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pierrot, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.22.695963</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A foundational model for joint sequence-function multi-species modeling at scale for long-range genomic prediction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.24.696405v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Variational Inference with Node Embeddings (VINE) for Scalable Bayesian Phylogenetics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.24.696405v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bayesian methods are now widely used in reconstructing both species and cell-lineage phylogenies, but they remain heavily reliant on computationally intensive Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling. Phylogenetic variational inference (VI) circumvents this dependency but so far has been limited in speed and scalability. Here we introduce Variational Inference with Node Embeddings (VO_SCPLOWINEC_SCPLOW), a computational method that combines an embedding of taxa in a high-dimensional space and a distance-based "decoder" with several algorithmic innovations to dramatically improve phylogenetic VI. VO_SCPLOWINEC_SCPLOW supports both standard DNA substitution models and CRISPR barcode-mutation models for inference of cell-lineage trees and tissue-migration histories. In extensive simulation experiments, we show that VO_SCPLOWINEC_SCPLOW is comparable in accuracy to the best available Bayesian methods with speeds orders of magnitude faster. We then apply VO_SCPLOWINEC_SCPLOW to [~]1,000 complete SARS-CoV-2 genomes and [~]900 lung-cancer cell barcodes, showing reductions in compute time from days to hours or minutes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Siepel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hassett, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Staklinski, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.24.696405</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Variational Inference with Node Embeddings (VINE) for Scalable Bayesian Phylogenetics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.31.697213v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Frizzled 6 Drives EMT and Stromal Remodeling Downstream of SP1 in Basal-like Pancreatic Cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.31.697213v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal malignancy, in part due to its rapid progression and early metastasis. To uncover novel drivers of this aggressive behavior, we first analyzed Frizzled receptor expression in human PDAC datasets and identified Frizzled 6 (FZD6) as uniquely predictive of poor clinical outcomes among all ten Frizzled family members. High FZD6 expression correlated with significantly worse overall survival for PDAC patients of any age. Functional studies in human PDAC cell lines showed that FZD6 promotes mesenchymal phenotypes, including enhanced migration and growth in 3D culture, while FZD6 loss induces E-cadherin expression and impairs motility without affecting 2D proliferation. In vivo, conditional epithelial deletion of Fzd6 in KPC mice significantly extended survival, reduced tumor burden and metastasis, and remodeled the tumor microenvironment to suppress stromal activation. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of human and mouse PDAC tumors confirms that FZD6 is primarily found within the tumor cells and FZD6-activating, noncanonical Wnt ligands are found to be produced by the cancer-associated fibroblasts surrounding the tumors. Mechanistically, we found that FZD6 is a transcriptional target of specificity protein 1 (SP1), a factor upregulated in mutant p53 contexts and within basal-like PDAC subtypes. SP1 knockdown reduced FZD6 expression and signaling through the PCP pathway. Furthermore, reduced SP1 impaired cell motility. Together this implicates the SP1-Fzd6-Wnt/PCP axis as a key driver of epithelial plasticity and disease progression. These findings suggest that FZD6 is a central effector of mutant p53-driven EMT, and a promising therapeutic target in metastatic PDAC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stevens, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giannotta, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spires, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diegel, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, Z. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madaj, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dawood, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Honabarger, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caligiuri, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuveson, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hostetter, G. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.31.697213</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Frizzled 6 Drives EMT and Stromal Remodeling Downstream of SP1 in Basal-like Pancreatic Cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.07.697981v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeting EZH2 Oncogenic Splicing: Decoding the Regulatory Network and Antisense Correction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.07.697981v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recurrent mutations in splicing factors (SFs) have been established as crucial drivers of tumorigenesis in several types of blood cancer, and also common in a variety of solid tumors. Mutations change the RNA-binding preferences of SFs, promote global splicing alterations, and often generate erroneous mRNAs that are then degraded by nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). Consequently, several critical genes linked to hematopoiesis are dysregulated, leading to blood cancer. Although the field has progressed considerably in identifying aberrant genes and affected pathways, effective therapies have not yet emerged in SF-mutated cancers. To address this key gap, we instigated a gene-specific targeted strategy by unlocking the regulatory network. As a proof-of-concept, we scrutinized a tumor suppressor gene EZH2, which is a bona fide target in SRSF2-mutated cancer. We precisely defined splicing cis-elements in EZH2 transcripts and illustrated the dynamic choreography of regulatory proteins in the entire splicing and NMD catalytic pathways. We uncovered a highly coordinated cross-regulation between splicing and NMD promoted by mutant SRSF2 by enhancing the deposition of critical spliceosome- and NMD-associated factors, augmenting mRNA decay to ablate tumor suppression. We then designed antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) targeting important regulatory sites. Our lead ASO successfully corrects aberrant splicing and NMD, restores the expression and function of EZH2, and partially rescues hematopoietic defects and cellular properties. Our study demonstrates that ASO pharmacology is an actionable strategy for clinical development, challenging the existing paradigms in SF-mutated cancers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Islam, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McNaughton, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heeamoni, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasan, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kandel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsakiroglou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalton, W. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdel-Wahab, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krainer, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahman, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.07.697981</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeting EZH2 Oncogenic Splicing: Decoding the Regulatory Network and Antisense Correction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.22.698655v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
3'-tRNA Fragments Target Domesticated LTR-Retrotransposons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.22.698655v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons have been extensively co-opted by their mammalian hosts and serve essential functions. 3-tRNA fragments (3-tRFs) mediate post-transcriptional repression of active, murine LTR-retrotransposons through complementarity to their highly conserved tRNA primer binding site (PBS). Here, we found that 3-tRF target sites derived from the PBS are widespread in retrotransposon-derived transcripts, suggesting that domesticated elements remain subject to regulation. Using luciferase reporters, we validated post-transcriptional repression at multiple 5 UTR sites derived from LTR-retrotransposons. We further established paternally expressed 3 (Peg3), an imprinted gene with homology to retroviral Gag, as a target of an Arg-TCT 3-tRF via a conserved 5 UTR site. These findings provide a proof-of-principle for regulation of domesticated LTR-retrotransposons by 3-tRFs, suggesting that their ancient role in transposon defense has been co-opted for endogenous gene regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Peacey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinberg, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schorn, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.22.698655</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[3'-tRNA Fragments Target Domesticated LTR-Retrotransposons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.21.700890v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A developmental timer coordinates organism-wide microRNA transcription 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.21.700890v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The development of distinct tissues must be precisely coordinated to ensure that growth and cell fate transitions occur in the correct temporal order across the organism, yet the mechanisms that coordinate these timing events remain unclear. In Caenorhabditis elegans, stage-specific cell fate transitions are driven by pulsatile transcription of heterochronic microRNAs, but the source of these rhythms has been unknown. Here, we identify a developmental timer composed of the transcription factor MYRF-1 and the PERIOD-like repressor LIN-42 that operates in all somatic cells. MYRF-1 binds conserved regulatory elements upstream of heterochronic microRNA genes and drives synchronized, once-per-stage transcriptional pulses across tissues, while concurrently activating lin-42 expression. Newly synthesized LIN-42 directly associates with MYRF-1, limiting its nuclear residence and transcriptional activity to constrain the amplitude and duration of each transcriptional burst. This reciprocal transcriptional/translational feedback loop generates organism-wide, phase-locked microRNA expression, coupling tissue-specific development to organismal growth through a shared timing mechanism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pryor, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valentino, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ritter, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loel, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinney, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ercan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshua-Tor, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammell, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.21.700890</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A developmental timer coordinates organism-wide microRNA transcription]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.23.701335v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
How the olfactory bulb maintains stable odor manifolds amid adaptation and representational drift 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.23.701335v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adaptive coding in sensory circuits enables stable perception while accommodating experience-dependent changes. In the olfactory bulb (OB), repeated odor exposure reshapes population activity even without explicit behavioral feedback, but the underlying circuit mechanisms remain unclear. By analyzing longitudinal two-photon calcium imaging datasets from the mouse OB, we identified three concurrent forms of representational change: gain adaptation, similarity-dependent pattern separation or convergence, and a rotation of encoding subspace resulting in the representational drift. Using a computational model of the mitral cell-granule cell circuit, we showed that Hebbian plasticity and structural connectivity constraints are sufficient to reproduce these transformations. Despite global representational drift, the relative geometry of odor response vectors remained stable, preserving a low-dimensional odor manifold. Together, our results reveal how local plasticity and network structure jointly enable both stability and flexibility in early sensory coding.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zheng, C. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navlakha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koulakov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.23.701335</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[How the olfactory bulb maintains stable odor manifolds amid adaptation and representational drift]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.02.703351v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Maternal-fetal immune conflict contributes to male-specific impairments in a mouse model of neurodevelopmental disorders 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.02.703351v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) arises through a combination of genetic and environmental risk factors. One environmental risk factor is maternal immune activation (MIA), wherein pathogenic infections in pregnant individuals increase the risk of ASD in the offspring, an effect seen most prevalently in males. However, the reasons that males exhibit this heightened sensitivity to MIA, and the mechanisms through which inflammatory signals traverse the maternal-fetal interface to impact the developing male embryo, remain largely mysterious. Here, we harness the poly(I:C) mouse model of neurodevelopmental disorders to uncover changes in fetal health and in the structure and composition of the maternal-fetal interface that occur within twenty-four hours of MIA. We find that 30% of embryos exhibit large-scale teratogenic abnormalities--ranging from decreased fetal weight to a lack of external sensory organ development--while 70% of embryos develop normally. Strikingly, these abnormalities only occur in a subset of males, and never in females. Single-nucleus transcriptomics revealed the robust induction of pro-inflammatory gene programs across the placentas of males exhibiting deficits following MIA, including in immune, vascular, and decidual cells. These transcriptomic changes were particularly prominent in spongiotrophoblasts, fetally derived cells that in part comprise the border between the maternal and fetal compartments of the placenta. While upregulating inflammatory pathways following MIA, spongiotrophoblasts simultaneously downregulate extracellular matrix and hormone biosynthesis pathways, concurrent with a breakdown in the structural integrity of the placenta and the accumulation of immune cells and cytokines in the embryos amniotic fluid. One of these cytokines, IL-6, is necessary for the emergence of MIA-evoked developmental abnormalities. Our data suggest that MIA induces a rapid transition from an immunosuppressive toward a pro-inflammatory maternal-fetal interface in a subset of male embryos, leading to acute developmental deficits that are restricted to this vulnerable cohort. These data suggest that male embryos may harbor unique proteins capable of eliciting an inflammatory response at the maternal-fetal interface that, when coupled with a loss of immunosuppression due to maternal infection, derails embryonic development selectively in males.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sanchez-Martin, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kukreja, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henderson, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiMartino, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalish, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheadle, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.02.703351</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Maternal-fetal immune conflict contributes to male-specific impairments in a mouse model of neurodevelopmental disorders]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.20.707063v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A neofunctionalized flowering antagonist created an evolutionary contingency that channeled Solanaceae adaptation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.20.707063v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neofunctionalization is a rare fate of gene duplication, classically defined as the acquisition of novel functions that potentiate the emergence of new traits. Rather than evolving to function autonomously, neofunctionalized genes may also remain embedded within their ancestral regulatory networks, potentially reshaping the genetic trajectories through which phenotypic change occurs. Testing this hypothesis, we leveraged a pan-genetic platform comprising ten Solanaceae species and show that a paralog of the flowering hormone florigen neofunctionalized into a flowering antagonist and was repeatedly selected during crop domestication and adaptation of wild plants across 50 million years of evolution. Independent selection of cis-regulatory and coding mutations in SELF-PRUNING 5G (SP5G) enabled rapid flowering in the wild ancestor of domesticated tomato from Central America as well as major and indigenous eggplant crop lineages domesticated in Asia and Africa. We further found that cis-regulatory sequence changes reduced SP5G expression and flowering time in wild species native to distinct environments in the Americas and Australia, relationships that we validated by genome editing. Together with similar patterns observed across diverse species and developmental networks, we propose that antagonistic neofunctionalized paralogs create evolutionary contingencies that channel adaptive trajectories across plant lineages.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shohat, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ciren, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arrones, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gentile, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramakrishnan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hendelman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jenike, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, N. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luna-Ramos, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Passalacqua, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satterlee, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitzgerald, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baraja-Fonseca, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robitaille, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seman, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Eck, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prohens, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schatz, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lippman, Z. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.20.707063</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A neofunctionalized flowering antagonist created an evolutionary contingency that channeled Solanaceae adaptation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.20.706663v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development and evaluation of a cost-effective, mid-density SNP array as a sorghum community genotyping resource 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.20.706663v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The development of accessible and cost-effective genotyping platforms is essential to accelerate genetic gain in crop improvement. To address the U.S. sorghum communitys need for a standardized, mid-density genotyping resource, we developed and validated a targeted single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array using the PlexSeq next-generation sequencing (NGS) platform. The resulting genotyping array includes 2,421 SNPs spanning all ten Sorghum bicolor chromosomes and integrates trait-linked and quality control markers selected by public and private stakeholders. Genotyping 2,726 diverse accessions, including the Sorghum Association Panel (SAP), demonstrated high call rates (>90% for most samples and markers), low missing data, and accurate resolution of population structure consistent with prior whole-genome studies. In comparative genomic prediction analyses, the mid-density array performed equivalently to high-density genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) platforms for key traits such as grain yield and plant height across multi-environment trials. Designed for broad utility in breeding pipelines, the array enables marker-assisted selection, genomic prediction, identity verification, and germplasm quality control. Moreover, its adoption by the USDA National Plant Germplasm System facilitates the curation of genebanks and the management of core collections. This community-driven genotyping platform offers a scalable, reproducible, and customizable tool to support molecular breeding in sorghum and underscores the value of targeted marker systems in resource-optimized crop improvement programs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kumar, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winans, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crozier, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rooney, W. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harrison, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayes, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tello-Ruiz, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gladman, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burow, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sexton-Bowser, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Punnuri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knoll, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dahlberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ware, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.20.706663</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development and evaluation of a cost-effective, mid-density SNP array as a sorghum community genotyping resource]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.10.710760v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolution of Origin Sequence and Recognition for Licensing of Eukaryotic DNA Replication 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.10.710760v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The large size of eukaryotic chromosomes necessitates that the initiation of DNA replication occurs at numerous origins of DNA replication. In S. cerevisiae, origins are highly DNA sequence-specific and are recognized by the Origin Recognition Complex (ORC). In contrast, most eukaryotes have lost features in ORC subunits that contribute to DNA sequence-specific recognition, raising the question of how origins are identified. An analysis of origins in the genome of the distantly related budding yeast Yarrowia lipolytica identified considerable variability in origin sequence and structure. High-resolution structures demonstrate that Y. lipolytica origins are recognized by a combination of ORC and Cdc6 in a manner different from S. cerevisiae. The structure of Yarrowia ORC-Cdc6 bound to different origins shows considerable plasticity in protein-DNA interactions. We compare these yeast structures to the structure of human ORC-CDC6 bound to DNA. These studies reveal information on the evolution of origins and origin recognition.

Nomenclature noteThere is a different nomenclature for proteins in yeast and human cells. For example, Cdc6 in yeasts is CDC6 in human cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bauer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zali, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chouhan, O. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demerdash, O. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loell, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinney, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshua-Tor, L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stillman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.10.710760</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolution of Origin Sequence and Recognition for Licensing of Eukaryotic DNA Replication]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.13.711624v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-library chromosome-scale diploid assemblies of vole genomes resolve a species-specific duplication implicated in pair bonding 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.13.711624v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
High-quality reference genomes are essential to effectively characterize genomic drivers of speciation, phenotypic diversity, and disease causality. Larger complex genomes often require integration of long-read DNA sequencing with additional genomic data, such as chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C or CiFi) to generate phased chromosome-scale assemblies, however this requires multiple sequencing platforms (in the case of Hi-C) or the construction of multiple long-read sequencing libraries. Here, we devise a strategy that combines PacBio HiFi and CiFi sequencing in a single library and run to efficiently produce high-quality contiguous chromosome-scale diploid genome assemblies. We apply this approach to liver tissue from single individuals of prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) and meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus), generating haplotype-resolved, chromosome-scale 2.3 Gbp genomes with QV~62, and 99.3% BUSCO completeness. Comparing the two new genomes identifies complex structural changes impacting Avpr1a, previously implicated in pair bonding, including a species-specific duplication missing from the existing prairie vole reference genome. These divergent genomic features offer new avenues of investigation related to behavioral divergence between prairie and meadow voles. This single-library approach facilitates a simplified and more affordable assembly workflow, producing near-complete genomes of diverse species using one sequencing platform.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Abuelanin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaya, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lake, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lambert, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berendzen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krasheninnikova, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wood, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solomon, N. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donaldson, Z. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bales, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howe, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korlach, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manoli, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tollkuhn, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dennis, M. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.13.711624</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-library chromosome-scale diploid assemblies of vole genomes resolve a species-specific duplication implicated in pair bonding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.17.708620v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Diverse high-fat diets drive multi-omic reprogramming that persists after dietary reversal 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.17.708620v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dietary fat composition modulates host physiology and the gut microbiome, but the long-term effects of specific fat sources and the extent to which these changes resolve after dietary reversal remain incompletely defined. Here, we present a longitudinal multi-omic resource of mice maintained for one year on a purified control diet, seven high-fat diets differing in predominant fat source, or reversal regimens in which animals were switched from high-fat to control diet after 4 or 9 months. We further incorporated two cohorts with distinct pre-existing microbiome configurations to determine how baseline community structure shapes diet-induced remodeling of the gut microbiome ecosystem. By integrating longitudinal phenotyping, fecal metagenomics, fecal metabolomics, plasma metabolomics and lipidomics, and intestinal single-cell RNA sequencing, we defined the shared and dietary fat-specific responses across host and microbiome compartments. Baseline microbiome composition strongly influenced microbial responses to diet, indicating that pre-existing community structure is a major determinant of dietary ecosystem remodeling. Although many altered features shifted toward baseline after dietary reversal, only approximately half of diet-associated microbial changes recovered within the study window. A subset of taxa exhibited persistent alterations, including sustained depletion of Lactobacillus johnsonii and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum and sustained enrichment of Alistipes finegoldii, consistent with a "microbiome memory" of prior high-fat diet exposure. This memory effect is mirrored in the host, by sustained suppression of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells after dietary reversal. These findings indicate that dietary fats leave a lasting imprint on the host-microbiome interactome that survives dietary intervention. Together, these data establish a resource for defining how dietary fat source, baseline microbiome composition, and dietary history shape host-microbiome states. The entire resource is available online as an RShiny app.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Van Camp, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozcelik, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eskiocak, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozler, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papciak, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subhash, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alwaseem, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ergin, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yueh, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fein, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durmaz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mozsary, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kilic, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garipcan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Damle, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Najjar, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryon, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butler, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thaiss, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birsoy, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mason, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meydan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tierney, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beyaz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.17.708620</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Diverse high-fat diets drive multi-omic reprogramming that persists after dietary reversal]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.19.712984v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TEsingle enables locus-specific transposable element expression analysis at single-cell resolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.19.712984v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic sequences that can generate new copies of themselves via insertional mutations. These viral-like sequences comprise nearly half the human genome and are present in most genome wide sequencing assays. While only a small fraction of genomic TEs have retained their ability to transpose, TE sequences are often transcribed from their own promoters or as part of larger gene transcripts. Accurately assessing TE expression from each individual genomic TE locus remains an open problem in the field, due to the highly repetitive nature of these multi-copy sequences. These issues are compounded in single-cell and single-nucleus transcriptome experiments, where additional complications arise due to sparse read coverage and unprocessed mRNA introns. Here we present our tool for single-cell TE and gene expression analysis, TEsingle. Using synthetic datasets, we show the problems that arise when not properly accounting for intron retention events, failing to address uncertainty in alignment scoring, and failing to make use of unique molecular identifiers for transcript resolution. Addressing these challenges has enabled an accurate TE analysis suite that simultaneously tracks gene expression as well as locus-specific resolution of expressed TEs. We showcase the performance of TEsingle using single-nucleus profiles from substantia nigra (SN) tissues of Parkinsons Disease (PD) patients. We find examples of young and intact TEs that mark dopaminergic neurons (DA) as well as many young TEs from the LINE and ERV families that are elevated in PD neurons and glia. These results demonstrate that TE expression is highly cell-type and cellular-state specific and elevated in particular subsets of neurons, astrocytes, and microglia from PD patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Forcier, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tam, O. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wunderlich, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castilla-Vallmanya, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quaegebeur, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barker, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jakobsson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gale Hammell, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.19.712984</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TEsingle enables locus-specific transposable element expression analysis at single-cell resolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.23.713669v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural dynamics between Argonaute-2 and CK1α promote target RNA release in microRNA-mediated silencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.23.713669v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Argonaute (Ago) proteins associate with 20-22 nucleotide (nt) long microRNAs (miRNAs) to constitute the functional RISC core and downregulate mRNAs containing complementarity to the seed sequence1-3. Target RNA engagement in RISC stimulates CK1-mediated phosphorylation of the conserved eukaryotic insertion (EI) in Ago, releasing the target and enabling the RISC complex to suppress additional target sites for efficient miRNA-mediated silencing4-6. Here, we provide a complete structural view of miRNA guide and target binding to human Ago2, showing Ago2 holding the double-stranded guide-target RNA in an untwisted conformation at its center. We visualize the dynamic changes that RISC undergoes as the guide supplementary region progressively base pairs with the target, enabling CK1 binding. Following seed-helix assembly, initial supplementary pairing restricts RISC to a "closed" form, while with half-supplementary pairing, the PAZ domain moves to open RISC to become receptive to CK1, exhibiting an initial increase in Ago2 phosphorylation. Complete supplementary pairing supports a full PAZ-CK1 interface, allowing for hierarchical phosphorylation of the EI. The combination of target repulsion by EI phosphorylation with an unwound guide-target enables efficient RISC turnover.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Garg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braviner, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Axhemi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bibel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshua-Tor, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.23.713669</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural dynamics between Argonaute-2 and CK1α promote target RNA release in microRNA-mediated silencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.02.716096v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Patient-derived organoid xenografts reveal the multifaceted role of the lncRNA MALAT1 in breast cancer progression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.02.716096v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as key regulators of tumor biology, however, thus far none have translated to cancer therapies. The lncRNA MALAT1 is overexpressed in more than 20 cancers, including breast cancer and has been shown to function via various mechanisms in a context-dependent manner, in 2D cell lines and mouse models. However, its functional role and therapeutic potential have not been evaluated in clinically relevant patient-derived models.

MethodsWe investigated the therapeutic potential of a MALAT1-targeting antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) for breast cancer, using clinically relevant 3D human patient-derived organoids (PDOs) and PDO-xenograft (PDO-X) models. We systematically evaluated the efficiency of MALAT1-targeting ASOs using a biobank of 28 PDO models. Using three independent PDO-X models of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), we targeted MALAT1 in vivo to study its impact on transcription, alternative splicing, stromal remodeling and metastasis.

ResultsAcross PDO-X models, MALAT1 depletion reproducibly drove widespread alternative splicing changes across all event types, particularly intron retention events, accompanied by modest gene expression alterations. Differentially spliced transcripts were enriched for targets of shared cancer-associated transcription factors, and MALAT1 knockdown altered the relative abundance of previously unannotated splicing isoforms. Beyond tumor-intrinsic effects, tumor-specific MALAT1 depletion induced a consistent reduction in macrophage-associated gene signatures and reduced lung metastatic burden.

ConclusionsOur data define MALAT1s multifaceted role in TNBC, coordinating alternative splicing, transcriptional fine-tuning, tumor-stroma crosstalk, and metastatic progression. Our study provides strong preclinical evidence supporting MALAT1-targeted ASO therapy and establishes PDO-X models as a clinically relevant platform for functional interrogation of TNBC therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aggarwal, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Floyd, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Utama, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rouse, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naik, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pawlak, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iyer, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kramer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satpathy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilkinson, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhatia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arun, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akerman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCombie, W. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Revenko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kostroff, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spector, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.02.716096</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Patient-derived organoid xenografts reveal the multifaceted role of the lncRNA MALAT1 in breast cancer progression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.03.715131v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exon-Skipping Antisense Oligonucleotides for H3.3K27M-Altered Diffuse Midline Glioma Therapy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.03.715131v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) are a deadly class of pediatric high-grade brain cancers. Approximately 80% of pontine DMGs feature a dominant, somatic, heterozygous point mutation in the non-canonical histone H3.3-coding gene H3-3A. This dominant-negative mutation replaces lysine 27 with methionine (K27M) and prevents global K27 di- and tri-methylation of all wild-type histone H3 proteins. We aimed to target the H3.3K27M onco-histone pre-mRNA with splice-switching antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) designed to promote skipping of H3-3A exon 2, as this constitutive exon comprises both the K27M mutation and the natural in-frame start codon of the gene. The lead ASO identified in a systematic screen specifically induced H3-3A exon 2 skipping, did not affect expression or splicing of the paralog gene H3-3B--which also encodes histone H3.3--and restored global H3K27me3 marks in patient-derived DMG cells grown as neurospheres. In a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft tumor mouse model, the lead ASO reduced proliferation and extended survival. Our results show the potential of exon-skipping ASOs targeting H3-3A exon 2 as a therapeutic option for H3.3K27M-altered DMG. More generally, they exemplify the strategy of using ASOs to induce skipping of a constitutive exon to effectively achieve gene downregulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilkinson, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krainer, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.03.715131</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exon-Skipping Antisense Oligonucleotides for H3.3K27M-Altered Diffuse Midline Glioma Therapy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.02.716185v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mount Fuji's stubby peak: the genotypic density of additive landscapes near maximal fitness 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.02.716185v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Additive fitness landscapes--also called Mount Fuji landscapes--are the simplest and most widely used models of sequence-function relationships. As such, they play essential roles across multiple areas of biology, including evolutionary theory, quantitative genetics, gene regulation, and protein science. One of the most basic properties of any fitness landscape is its genotypic density --the number of sequences near a given fitness value. Understanding this density is especially important near fitness peaks, as it quantifies the supply of high-fitness genotypes. Here I study the genotypic density of additive landscapes near fitness peaks. Although this density is well known to be approximately Gaussian near the middle of the fitness range, its behavior near maximal fitness has not been reported. I begin by deriving a saddle-point approximation that accurately describes the genotypic density of additive landscapes over virtually the entire fitness range. I then show that the log density follows a power law near maximal fitness, with an exponent determined by how much the best allele at each position outperforms its nearest competitor. This power-law behavior holds over a substantial fraction of fitness values, besting the Gaussian approximation on both simulated and empirical landscapes across roughly a quarter to a third of the fitness range. Under certain conditions this behavior also extends to globally epistatic landscapes (defined as nonlinear functions over one or more additive traits), though with a reduced range of validity. These findings advance our understanding of one of the most fundamental models of sequence-function relationships. In particular, they reveal that the uppermost reaches of Mount Fuji landscapes, rather than being sharply peaked, are actually quite stubby.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kinney, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.02.716185</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mount Fuji's stubby peak: the genotypic density of additive landscapes near maximal fitness]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.04.715328v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic background shapes AI-predicted variant effects 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.04.715328v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Predicting the consequences of genetic variants remains a major goal in biomedicine. Conventional approaches typically assess single-nucleotide variants in the context of a single reference genome, without accounting for genetic diversity that can modulate variant effects. Here we introduce the personalized variant effect predictor (pVEP) framework, which quantifies how genetic background across thousands of human genomes from globally diverse populations shapes computational predictions of clinical variant effects. Across deep learning models spanning protein structure, splicing, and noncoding regulation, pVEP reveals that many clinical variants exhibit heterogeneous predicted effects across haplotypes, with the same variant predicted to be pathogenic in some genetic backgrounds and benign in others. We find support for underlying molecular mechanisms, including shifts in predicted protein contacts and changes in splice-site recognition. Overall, personalized genomic context emerges as a systematically underappreciated variable in variant annotation and clinical interpretation, with particular implications for genetically diverse populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schilder, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desmarais, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laub, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahimi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sethi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pereira, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinney, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCandlish, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koo, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.04.715328</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic background shapes AI-predicted variant effects]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.06.716821v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AI predictions and the expansion of scientific frontiers: Evidence from structural biology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.06.716821v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Artificial intelligence holds the potential to expand the frontier of scientific research1, yet recent work has raised concern that it may instead narrow scientific attention to well-established areas2-4. Here, leveraging the 2021 release of AlphaFold25 as a quasi-experimental opportunity, we provide field-level evidence that AI can redirect collective attention toward more novel research targets. Tracking 245,396 experimental structures in the Protein Data Bank6, we show that a long-running decline in the study of novel proteins halted after AlphaFold2s release, with the shift concentrated among studies citing AlphaFold2 and targets with high-confidence predictions. This pattern extends to 248,191 downstream papers that consume structural knowledge, where engagement with genes lacking experimental structures and with understudied human genes increased since 2021. Amid rising concern that AI may reinforce scientific canons7-10, our findings offer an early field-level case where AI predictions expand scientific frontiers, consistent with the idea that the real-world consequences of AI on science depend on where their informational gains are greatest. These results suggest AI can complement human knowledge and redirect collective attention in science, with broad implications for emerging AI for science models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.06.716821</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AI predictions and the expansion of scientific frontiers: Evidence from structural biology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
</rdf:RDF>
