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<title>bioRxiv Subject Collection: Pathology</title>
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This feed contains articles for bioRxiv Subject Collection "Pathology"
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<title>bioRxiv</title>
<url>https://www.biorxiv.org/sites/default/files/bioRxiv_article.jpg</url>
<link>https://www.biorxiv.org</link>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.03.742582v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Explainable machine learning relates histological to genomic pathology 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.03.742582v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Background & Aims: Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining remains the diagnostic gold standard for solid cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma, and is increasingly complemented by genomic profiling for precision medicine. Inferring genomic alterations directly from H&E images could streamline testing, but heterogeneity and biases in human training data limit interpretation of genotype-phenotype associations. Here, we aimed to relate histologic to genomic pathology to provide biological explainability for mutation prediction models and assess the impact of germline variation on model performance. Methods: We analysed 597 murine liver tumours with matched whole-genome sequencing and histopathology (163,835 image tiles; 22.9 million nuclei). Our controlled in vivo design accounted for germline variation, biological sex, and causal mutagen (N-diethylnitrosamine), removing confounding factors present in human cohorts. We trained and evaluated deep learning and supervised machine learning models to predict germline variation and cancer driver alterations from H&E. Results: Modelling accurately predicted germline and somatic alterations from histology, at both locus-specific and genome-wide scales. Quantitative image analysis revealed an unexpected association between Egfr driver mutations and hepatic steatosis, linking genotype to an interpretable morphological phenotype. While model performance declined when applied to tumours from unrepresented genetic backgrounds, this limitation was biologically informative, revealing strain-dependent differences in tumour evolution, notably the prevalence of whole-genome duplication. Conclusions: Machine learning integration of histological and genomic pathology enables accurate, interpretable inference of genetic alterations from H&E, potentially reducing reliance on costly ancillary molecular assays. Our predictions are supported by human-interpretable biological features, addressing concerns around 'black-box' technologies. However, caution is required when applying such methods to samples with a genetic background that, even if closely related, is beyond the genetic horizon of training data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Connelly, J., Hernando, B., Luft, J., Anderson, C. J., Bankhead, P., Connor, F., Aitken, S., Liver Cancer Evolution Consortium,, Semple, C. A., Flicek, P., Odom, D. T., Taylor, M. S., Aitken, S. J. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-08-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.08.03.742582</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Explainable machine learning relates histological to genomic pathology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-08-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.04.742617v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hepatocyte Angiotensinogen Deletion Protects Against Diet-induced Metabolic Disorders in Mice Under Thermoneutral Conditions 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.04.742617v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Angiotensinogen (AGT) deletion in hepatocytes reduces Western diet-induced adiposity and hepatic steatosis in mice maintained under conventional room temperature (RT) housing. Given the high metabolic activity of mice, this temperature imposes adaptive metabolic responses in this species. Whether this metabolic protection persists independent of increased thermogenic demand remains unclear. In this study, we first determined whether thermoneutral housing (TN) alters Western diet-induced metabolic phenotypes compared with RT housing in wild-type mice. Although body weight did not differ significantly between housing conditions, Western diet-fed mice housed at TN exhibited brown adipose tissue whitening and more pronounced hepatic steatosis than mice housed at RT, confirming that thermoneutrality exacerbated diet-induced metabolic dysfunction. We then housed hepatocyte Agt deficient (hepAGT-/-) mice and wild-type (hepAGT+/+) littermates at TN and fed them Western diet for 12 weeks. Despite enhanced metabolic dysfunction under TN, hepatocyte AGT deletion resulted in reductions in diet-induced body weight gain, fat mass, liver weight, and hepatic triglyceride accumulation. Bulk RNA sequencing of liver revealed hepatocyte AGT deficiency-dependent alterations in lipid-metabolic pathways. Cross-temperature analysis of RT and TN housing identified 35 shared differentially expressed genes, including 27 concordantly downregulated genes enriched in lipid metabolism and transport. Extended Western diet feeding for 24 weeks confirmed sustained reductions in body weight gain, liver weight, and hepatic lipid accumulation in hepAGT-/- mice. These findings demonstrate that hepatocyte AGT deletion provides sustained protection against Western diet-induced metabolic dysfunction under thermoneutral housing, a condition that more closely recapitulates human basal metabolism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Zhu, L., Franklin, M., Howatt, D., Moorleghen, J., Daugherty, A., Lu, H. S. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-08-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.08.04.742617</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hepatocyte Angiotensinogen Deletion Protects Against Diet-induced Metabolic Disorders in Mice Under Thermoneutral Conditions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-08-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.01.742085v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Biomineralization from platelet δ-granules as the origin of cardiovascular calcification in humans and other animals. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.01.742085v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cardiovascular calcification is present in practically all cardiac diseases, which are the top killers in the world today1, and is particularly associated with atherosclerosis2, aortic stenosis3 and rheumatic fever4. If not the direct cause of death, calcification contributes considerably to complications that can lead to heart failure5. Nonetheless, the origins and mechanisms of cardiovascular calcification are still strongly debated3,6-12. Just over a decade ago, it has been reported that nano and micron-sized calcified spherical particles, formed from a single crystal of magnesium-containing calcium phosphate, were the first calcified structure that could be detected in cardiovascular tissue13. These particles were found even before any sign of cardiac disease was present and were present in all stages of cardiac diseases13. The ubiquity of these particles suggests their importance for the origins and development of cardiovascular calcific diseases. Here, we show that these particles originate from platelet {delta}-granules and are present in mammals, birds and lizards. Based on our results, we suggest a new mechanism for the origins of these particles, complementing existing models of cardiovascular calcification7,14, and bringing a new, early, and hitherto unaccounted key event in the process of cardiovascular calcification. This new mechanism model, along with a better understanding of the early stages of cardiovascular calcification, could open the path for the development of pharmacological prevention and treatment solutions for several cardiac diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Bertazzo, S., Tsolaki, E. T., Agarwal, S., Latif, N., McCormack, A., Sarathchandra, P., Yacoub, M. H., Hermman, I. K., Smith, K., Tsui, J., Chester, A. H. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-08-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.08.01.742085</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Biomineralization from platelet δ-granules as the origin of cardiovascular calcification in humans and other animals.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-08-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.30.741863v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An industry perspective on whole genome-informed hybrid maize disease resistance characterization to improve breeding decisions 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.30.741863v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Characterizing hybrid maize disease resistance is a costly and labor-intensive effort in commercial breeding programs. Field trials are carefully inoculated and managed but remain error-prone due to spatial variability in disease pressure, microclimatic conditions and inter-rater variability. Quantitative ordinal disease rating scales are used to increase scoring speed at the expense of resolution, accuracy, and the ability to use conventional statistical methods. To improve traditional methods of disease resistance characterization, we propose to leverage readily available low-density SNP marker profiles to create genome-informed disease scores. Specifically, a whole genome ordered probit regression (WGOPR) model is used to deconstruct field-observed disease phenotypes into marker effects and reconstruct genome-informed disease scores. This approach is demonstrated in hybrid maize using data from Exserohilum turcicum-inoculated field trials across the central and northern U.S. and Canadian Corn Belt in 2024. Resulting Genomic Estimated Categorical Probabilities (GECPs) are compared to observed frequencies of disease scores to validate the methodology and evaluate the accuracy of regional hybrid maize disease resistance characterization. The benefit of a probabilistic output is demonstrated through two use cases: a comparison of hybrids with highly variable observed disease resistance scores at a single location, and a comparison of breeding selection schemes from a regional analysis. Because GECPs are the product of estimated marker effects, they better represent the expected behavior of a genotype independent of location-, rater- and plot-specific noise, and will therefore offer a step towards improving hybrid maize characterization and better informing breeding decisions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Check, J. C., Technow, F., Totir, L. R. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-08-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.30.741863</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An industry perspective on whole genome-informed hybrid maize disease resistance characterization to improve breeding decisions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-08-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.02.742324v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neutrophils-Nitroblue Tetrazolium staining: A potential novel marker of women infertilely? 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.02.742324v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RationaleOxidative stress, resulting from an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defence mechanisms, disrupts cellular redox homeostasis and contributes to damage of biomolecules, including nucleic acids, proteins and lipids. Such disturbances can impair intracellular signalling pathways and have been implicated in the pathophysiology of female reproductive disorders. Nitroblue Tetrazolium (NBT) is a distinctive dye that assesses cellular redox activity in neutrophils through the detection of superoxide anion (O2-). However, the relationship between neutrophil-derived oxidative stress and women infertility remains to be fully elucidated. Aim of the study: We aimed to investigate the role of neutrophil oxidative stress in women infertility using a novel Nitroblue Tetrazolium (NBT) method developed in our laboratory.

Materials and methodsBlood and serum specimens were obtained from a total of 100 Libyan women, comprising healthy fertile women (n = 21; controls) and infertile women (n = 79). Superoxide anion (O2-) generation in neutrophils was assessed using the novel NBT method, while malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of lipid peroxidation, was determined using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay.

ResultsA significant increase in both NBT-reactivity levels and the percentage of NBT-positive neutrophils was observed in infertile women compared with healthy fertile controls (P < 0.0001). In addition, MDA levels were significantly higher in infertile women than in the control group, indicating enhanced lipid peroxidation. MDA levels were positively correlated with NBT-reactivity levels (r = 0.410, P = 0.0001) and the percentage of NBT-positive neutrophils (r = 0.21, P = 0.047). A significant positive correlation was also observed between NBT-reactivity levels and the percentage of NBT-positive neutrophils (r = 0.510, P = 0.0001), demonstrating a close association between neutrophil oxidative activity and lipid peroxidation in women infertility.

ConclusionThe present study demonstrates the utility of a novel NBT method for detecting reactive oxygen species (ROS), a marker of oxidative stress, in neutrophils from both blood and serum specimens. The findings demonstrate increased neutrophil-derived oxidative stress in infertile women and suggest that this method may have potential as a diagnostic tool for the assessment of women infertility.

ImpactThis study provides evidence that neutrophil-derived oxidative stress is significantly increased in women infertility and demonstrates the application of a novel Nitroblue Tetrazolium (NBT) assay for assessing oxidative stress in both blood and serum specimens. The significant associations between NBT-reactivity, NBT-positive neutrophils and malondialdehyde levels provide further insight into the contribution of oxidative stress to female reproductive pathophysiology. These findings support the potential utility of the novel NBT method as a simple and reliable diagnostic approach for evaluating oxidative stress in women infertility and provide a foundation for future studies investigating oxidative stress biomarkers in reproductive medicine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Aghil, M. M., Elnfati, A. S., Lwaleed, B. A. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-08-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.08.02.742324</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neutrophils-Nitroblue Tetrazolium staining: A potential novel marker of women infertilely?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-08-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.29.741640v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CD133+ progenitor cells promote pulmonary hypertension through CXCR4 signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.29.741640v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundPulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling and smooth muscle cell accumulation, but the progenitor-like cells that contribute to this process remain incompletely defined.

MethodsWe combined analyses of human pulmonary arterial hypertension lungs and experimental PH models with bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing, lineage tracing, inducible ablation of CD133+ cells, and conditional deletion of Cxcr4 in CD133+ cells.

ResultsCD133 expression was markedly increased in human and experimental PH lungs. Transcriptomic analyses identified inflammatory, metabolic, chemokine-associated, and smooth muscle cell-like programs in CD133+ cells from PH lungs. Lineage tracing showed that CD133+ cells contributed to endothelial and smooth muscle cell compartments during experimental PH. Genetic ablation of CD133+ cells attenuated hypoxia-induced PH and pulmonary vascular remodeling, whereas Cxcr4 deletion in CD133+ cells reduced PH severity.

ConclusionsCD133+ progenitor cells are functional contributors to pulmonary vascular remodeling, and CXCR4 signaling mediates their pathogenic activity. Targeting pathogenic CD133+ cell states or CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling may provide a strategy to limit vascular remodeling in PH.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Wang, Z., YI, D., Zhang, X., Dai, J., Zhang, X., Zhao, Y., Dai, Z. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.29.741640</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CD133+ progenitor cells promote pulmonary hypertension through CXCR4 signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.26.740867v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Automated Virtual Pathology Panels for Mass Spectrometry Imaging 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.26.740867v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) records rich molecular spectra at each pixel, but pathology-oriented interpretation requires visualizations analogous to complementary histopathological stains. We present an expert-aligned framework for constructing multi-view MSI panels. Soft Landmark Contrast Edges (SoLaCE) extracts molecular boundaries directly from high-dimensional spectra. Because standard visualization metrics correlated poorly with rankings from a single expert pathologist, we combine luminance contrast and chromatic diversity with SpecEdge-Dice, a boundary-aware measure of agreement between visualization edges and SoLaCE boundaries. Parametric MiCS+LMC (pMiCS) uses a neural network trained on subsampled data to distill multiple MSI segmentations into a reusable spectral-to-RGB mapping, enabling rapid full-image inference, out-of-sample projection, and more consistent color semantics across aligned images. A concept-based interpretation procedure explains pMiCS outputs through sparse mixtures of spectral concepts. In a blinded benchmark, pMiCS ranked highest among the compared methods. We integrate these components into Virtual Pathology Panels, which use hyperparameter optimization to select high-performing or spatially complementary views. This framework supports future workflows that combine morphology-oriented tissue assessment and molecular analysis within a single MSI acquisition.

TeaserVirtual pathology panels transform MSI spectra into complementary views for scalable, interpretable tissue analysis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Gildenblat, J., Pahnke, J. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.26.740867</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Automated Virtual Pathology Panels for Mass Spectrometry Imaging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.24.740520v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Droplet microfluidics reports digital and tuneable single-platelet ADP secretion describing primed, active and hyper-active states 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.24.740520v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
New platelet function assays that provide an accurate assessment of platelet reactivity as a surrogate for thrombosis risk could change the paradigm for acute myocardial infarction and stroke prevention. Considering ADP secretion as a hallmark of platelet activation, we developed a method for encapsulating single platelets with a fluorescent reporter for extracellular ADP in picolitre droplets. The method, termed the Droplet ADP Secretion Assay (DASA), robustly detected dose-dependent ADP secretion responses to agonists. Digital ADP secretion heterogeneity was observed with the major fraction of platelets responding and the remaining fraction being non-responders. Primed platelets had elevated responses to agonists, with increased ADP secretion and an increased fraction of secreting platelets, demonstrating that priming can convert otherwise inactive platelets to a reactive state. Uniquely, the method detected ADP secretion from primed platelets in the absence of agonists. In contrast, primed platelets were not detected by flow cytometry involving CD63 and CD62P endpoints. In a preliminary clinical study, some patients had platelets with a priming-like ADP secretion signature, suggesting treatment with P2Y12 inhibitors may be warranted. In vitro aspirin and ticagrelor treatments reduced ADP secretion responses to agonists. In summary, DASA offers a novel approach to assess platelet reactivity and holds promise for assessing thrombotic tendency and personalised therapeutics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Saito, M., Hornsey, T., Elserwey, A., Lane, S. I. R., Hughes, C. E., Jones, C., Curzen, N., West, J. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.24.740520</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Droplet microfluidics reports digital and tuneable single-platelet ADP secretion describing primed, active and hyper-active states]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.23.740263v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cortical organoids from congenital DM1 PSCs reveal MBNL-dependent corticogenesis defects and enable preclinical testing of therapeutic compounds 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.23.740263v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is caused by an expansion of a CTG repeat in the 3' untranslated region of the DMPK gene, leading to accumulation of toxic CUG-repeat RNAs, sequestration of MBNL proteins and widespread splicing dysregulation. Congenital DM1 (CDM), the most severe form of the disease, is associated with profound muscular and neurodevelopmental defects, yet the mechanisms underlying early human brain involvement remain poorly understood. Here, we generated cortical organoids from patient-derived pluripotent stem cells carrying >1000 CTG repeats, an expansion typically associated with CDM, to model early human neurodevelopment. DM1 molecular and cellular hallmarks were detected at early developmental stages, including nuclear DMPK RNA foci in neural progenitor cells and reduced proliferative capacity. As organoids matured, CDM cultures displayed altered cortical composition, with reduced CTIP2 and SATB2 neuronal populations and increased NFIA/GFAP glial cells. In parallel, 120-day-old organoids recapitulated splicing abnormalities previously identified in DM1 patient brain tissue. To assess the contribution of MBNL dysfunction, we analyzed cortical organoids derived from MBNL2 and MBNL1/2/3 knockout induced pluripotent stem cells, which reproduced key neurodevelopmental phenotypes observed in CDM organoids, supporting a central role for MBNL loss of function in impaired corticogenesis. Finally, we evaluated the translational relevance of this model using tideglusib and erythromycin, two compounds currently under clinical evaluation in DM1 patients. Both treatments reduced DMPK RNA foci and restored proliferation defects in SOX2 neural progenitors. Together, these findings establish cortical organoids as a robust human model of CDM-associated neurodevelopmental defects, uncover MBNL-dependent mechanisms underlying early corticogenesis impairment and demonstrate the utility of this platform for translational therapeutic discovery in DM1.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ ABATAN, A., Polentes, J., Bouquier, M., Beuriot, A., Chose, O., Mahiou, H., El Kassar, L., Giraud-Triboult, K., CHATROUSSE, L., Benchoua, A., Tome, S., Gourdon, G., Gomes-Pereira, M., BAGHDOYAN, S., MARTINAT, C. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.23.740263</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cortical organoids from congenital DM1 PSCs reveal MBNL-dependent corticogenesis defects and enable preclinical testing of therapeutic compounds]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.27.740931v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sensory Neuropeptides Dictate Sex-Specific Synovial Immunity and Cartilage Degeneration in Aging Mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.27.740931v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sensory neuropeptides, particularly Substance P (SP) and -calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), are implicated in osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis. This study elucidates their specific roles in spontaneous, age-related OA. Male and female mice deficient in SP (Tac1-/-), CGRP (CGRP-/-), or both (DKO) were evaluated at 6, 12, and 18 months of age. Assessments included histological OARSI scoring for articular cartilage matrix structure, Luminex arrays for systemic serum cytokines, and flow cytometry for local synovial immune cell profiling. Wild type (WT) mice developed early-stage, age-related cartilage degradation, predominantly in the lateral compartment. Conversely, all neuropeptide-deficient strains exhibited significant structural protection against this process. Systemically, SP deficiency distinctly altered cytokine profiles (e.g., decreased IL-23, increased IP-10), whereas CGRP deficiency caused minimal systemic shifts, highlighting a disconnect between circulating markers and local joint preservation. Locally, flow cytometry revealed profound, sexually dimorphic, and age-dependent neuroimmune alterations. In young males, neuropeptide deficiency significantly reduced synovial macrophage counts to levels comparable to those of aged WT mice. Furthermore, male CGRP-/- mice exhibited an age-related accumulation of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. In contrast to males, young WT females demonstrated higher baseline CD8+ T cell counts that declined with age, whereas these subpopulations remained persistently low in KO mice. SP and CGRP act as critical modulators of age-related cartilage degradation. Their absence provides robust structural protection mediated through highly localized, sexually dimorphic neuroimmune pathways. These findings emphasize the necessity of targeting the local joint microenvironment for future personalized, sex-specific OA therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Pann, P., Mayakrishnan, R., Moradi, B., Johnstone, B., Graessel, S. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.27.740931</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sensory Neuropeptides Dictate Sex-Specific Synovial Immunity and Cartilage Degeneration in Aging Mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.22.740171v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
First Order Associations Between Banff Acute Lesions in Kidney Allograft Biopsies and a Urinary Cell Three-Gene Diagnostic Signature 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.22.740171v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Banff acute lesion scores underpin histologic classification of kidney allograft biopsies; however, biomarker studies rely on second-order associations with diagnostic categories that introduce confounding. We quantified the first-order relationships between Banff acute lesion scores and the validated urinary cell three-gene rejection signature. In 354 biopsy-urine pairs, three-gene signature scores computed using a locked regression equation incorporating absolute copy numbers of CD3E mRNA, CXCL10 mRNA, and 18S rRNA in urinary cell RNA-were related to glomerulitis (g), peritubular capillaritis (ptc), interstitial inflammation (i), and tubulitis (t). Signature scores rose monotonically with Banff acute lesion severity, with 1.5 to 1.8-fold higher odds of more severed g, ptc, i, and t (all P<0.0001), and showed good calibration. Associations remained robust for composite microvascular (g+ptc) and tubulointerstitial (i+t) indices and were strongest for severe g and t, supporting this signature as a noninvasive, quantitative readout of acute rejection pathology with immediate diagnostic applicability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Li, C., Schwartz, J. E., Salinas, T., Dadhania, D. M., DeVito, A., Higgins, W., Salvatore, S., Seshan, S. V., Muthukumar, T., Suthanthiran, M. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.22.740171</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[First Order Associations Between Banff Acute Lesions in Kidney Allograft Biopsies and a Urinary Cell Three-Gene Diagnostic Signature]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.23.740003v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bioenergetic profiling of fresh human kidney tissue reveals compensatory metabolic adaptation and intrinsic mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetes 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.23.740003v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The kidney is a highly energetic organ, requiring substantial ATP production through mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to support tubular reabsorption. Metabolic reprogramming and impaired mitochondrial function are implicated in diabetic kidney disease, yet direct assessment of mitochondrial respiratory flux in the human kidney has been constrained by limited access to freshly obtained tissue. Consequently, much of the evidence supporting altered renal mitochondrial function in diabetes derives from animal models that do not fully recapitulate the human condition. We established a workflow for real-time bioenergetic profiling of fresh kidney cortex obtained during nephrectomy from living individuals with diabetes and preserved kidney function. Mitochondrial respiration, electron transport system activity and tubular mitochondrial morphology were compared with age- and sex-matched, histopathologically normal non-diabetic controls. High-resolution respirometry revealed increased mitochondrial respiratory flux in permeabilised diabetic kidney cortex. In contrast, mitochondria isolated from the same tissue exhibited reduced respiratory capacity and impaired complex I activity. Quantitative analysis of tubular cells demonstrated increased mitochondrial volume density together with greater mitochondrial fragmentation in diabetes. These findings reveal that the human kidney undergoes substantial metabolic adaptation early in diabetes, before measurable loss of kidney function. Increased tissue-level respiratory flux despite intrinsic mitochondrial impairment suggests that expansion and remodelling of the mitochondrial network may initially compensate for reduced organelle efficiency and sustain the kidneys high energetic demands. This compensatory state may, however, increase metabolic stress and vulnerability to subsequent kidney injury. To our knowledge, this study provides the first direct tissue-level functional evidence that mitochondrial metabolism is reprogrammed in the human kidney in diabetes before measurable kidney dysfunction develops. It defines an early bioenergetic signature characterised by tissue hypermetabolism despite impaired mitochondria-specific respiratory capacity, challenging the concept that diabetes produces a uniform decline in renal mitochondrial function. Failure to sustain this adaptive state may represent a critical transition towards diabetic kidney disease.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=134 SRC="FIGDIR/small/740003v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (35K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@e892e6org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1043c8eorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@123affaorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1f68645_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG One Sentence SummaryDiabetes drives early metabolic reprogramming of the human kidney before measurable kidney dysfunction
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Granata, C., Laskowski, A., Thallas-Bonke, V., Ramm, G., Macisaac, R., Chang, C., Campbell, N., Royce, P., Cooper, M. E., Ekinci, E., Grummet, J., Wilson, S. G., McLean, C. A., Coughlan, M. T. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.23.740003</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bioenergetic profiling of fresh human kidney tissue reveals compensatory metabolic adaptation and intrinsic mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.22.739847v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FRESH FROZEN PLASMA-BASED RESUSCITATION LESSENS LUNG INJURY IN MICE WITH ABDOMINAL SEPSIS AND HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.22.739847v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We have previously shown that fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and fibrinogen have protective effects in mice with hemorrhagic shock through restoration of endothelial syndecan-1 and reversal of endothelial injury. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that a combined model of abdominal sepsis and hemorrhagic shock would induce endothelial syndecan-1 shedding and lung injury which could be attenuated by both FFP and fibrinogen. C57BL/6 mice underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) followed by hemorrhagic shock (HS) and fluid resuscitation with lactated Ringers (LR), fibrinogen (5 mg/mouse), and FFP, all at 1X shed blood volume. After 24 hours, lung tissues and plasma were harvested for assays. CLP+HS induced an increase in alveolar thickness and decreases in lung syndecan-1 and lung neutrophil granule-enzymes (myeloperoxidase, neutrophil elastase, and MMP9), with reciprocal elevations in plasma syndecan-1 and plasma neutrophil granule-enzymes (myeloperoxidase, neutrophil elastase, and MMP9). All these alterations were significantly attenuated by FFP but not by fibrinogen. Additionally, CLP+HS-induced hypotension at 24 hours was partially reversed by FFP but not by fibrinogen. FFP administration inhibits CLP+HS-induced neutrophil degranulation to prevent syndecan-1 shedding and lung injury. The current study supports that FFP has therapeutic benefit in a combined septic and hemorrhage shock model.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Wu, F., Cantu, J., Rehani, C., Kozar, R. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.22.739847</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FRESH FROZEN PLASMA-BASED RESUSCITATION LESSENS LUNG INJURY IN MICE WITH ABDOMINAL SEPSIS AND HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.21.739777v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stress limits the beneficial effects of glutamine in male ob/ob mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.21.739777v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionObesity is a major health issue associated with metabolic and psychological comorbidities, as well as an increased prevalence of disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI). Obesity and DGBI share common mechanisms such as inflammation, gut barrier dysfunction, and alterations of gut microbiota, which are all known to be regulated by stress. Glutamine (Gln), which is essential to maintain intestinal integrity and immune response, may counteract these alterations. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of oral Gln supplementation on stress-induced response in obese mice.

MethodsSeven-week-old male leptin-deficient ob/ob mice were assigned to four groups: control, chronic restraint stress (CRS), Gln-supplemented, or both CRS and Gln-supplemented. Gln was administered in drinking water for two weeks, and CRS was performed during the final 4 days. Metabolic parameters, intestinal permeability, inflammatory markers, gene and protein expression, and gut microbiota composition were assessed.

ResultsStress increased plasma corticosterone levels but had a limited effect on metabolic parameters. In obese mice without stress, Gln supplementation reduced body weight gain, improved body composition and reduced inflammation in the visceral adipose tissue. These effects were lost under stress conditions, with an increase in fasting glycaemia. Stress reduced occludin protein levels, while Gln exerted context-dependent effects, decreasing gene expression of Tjp3, Cldn15 and Ccl2 in unstressed mice but increasing gene expression of multiple tight junction (Tjp2, Tjp3, Cldn12, Cgn, F11r, Marveld2) and inflammatory markers (Tlr2, Myd88, Irf3) under stress. Interestingly, in unstressed obese mice, Gln altered the composition of the gut microbiota, with changes in key bacterial taxa (Thermodesulfobacteriota and Clostridiaceae). This was associated with decreased levels of cecal short-chain fatty acids and increased levels of branched-chain fatty acids.

ConclusionIn conclusion, Gln improves metabolic and adipose inflammatory parameters in genetically obese mice. However, these benefits are no longer observed when mice are under stress conditions. Since, Gln has been found to increase fasting glycaemia and colonic inflammation, in association with alterations of gut microbiota.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Tiffay, A., Lefebvre, C., Breemeersch, C.-E., Dreux, V., Bole-Feysot, C., Guerin, C., Maximin, E., Monnoye, M., Dechelotte, P., Douard, V., Goichon, A., Coeffier, M. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.21.739777</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stress limits the beneficial effects of glutamine in male ob/ob mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.21.739778v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ultrastructural remodelling of tau fibrils during ghost tangle formation in Alzheimer's disease brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.21.739778v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tau aggregation into intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) is one of the major hallmarks of Alzheimers disease (AD). Based on neuropathological studies, NFTs have been classified into pre-tangles, mature tangles, and ghost tangles, however the ultrastructural transitions between these stages remain poorly understood. Here, we used correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) to structurally characterize tau tangle maturity states in post-mortem human AD brain tissue. Pre-tangles showed no consistent fibrillar ultrastructure. Mature tangles contained densely packed, highly aligned paired helical filaments (PHF) and straight filaments (SF), often organized in spatially distinct bundles within the neuronal soma. Ghost tangles lacked cellular organelles and were composed predominantly of thin fibrils compartmentalized by membranous structures, with fibril morphology differing between compartmentalized and non-compartmentalized regions. Electron tomography and fibril segmentation demonstrated that these fibrils were significantly thinner than PHFs and SFs while immunogold labeling using the 2E9 tau marker confirmed the presence of tau within both mature and ghost tangle fibrils. GFAP-positive astrocytic processes infiltrated fibril-rich compartments within ghost tangles, linking astrocytic engagement with the emergence of this distinct ultrastructural organization. Together, our findings show that ghost-tangles contain a structurally distinct population of tau fibrils, suggesting that tau aggregates undergo astrocytic-mediated structural remodeling at late stages of pathology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Stähli, D. A., Travers, L., Shafiei, N., van den Heuvel, L., Vialaneix, E., Schneider, P. L., Rozemuller, A. J., van de Berg, W. D. J., Stahlberg, H., Lewis, A. J. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.21.739778</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ultrastructural remodelling of tau fibrils during ghost tangle formation in Alzheimer's disease brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.21.739845v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hyaluronan and CD44 targeting reverses early matrix changes, proinflammatory signals and fibrosis in primary sclerosing cholangitis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.21.739845v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare, progressive liver disease characterized by biliary inflammation and bile duct strictures and no approved medical therapy. Despite its clinical severity, the pathological mechanisms underlying PSC remain poorly understood, largely due to early diagnostic challenges. Here we provide complementary evidence in human PSC samples, transcriptomic data, mouse models, and 3D cholangiocyte cultures that underscore the importance of hyaluronic acid (HA) and its cognate receptor CD44 in PSC pathogenesis. HA is a glycosaminoglycan abundant in the extracellular matrix in inflammatory disorders, yet its role in PSC has not been well characterized. We demonstrate that in early-stage PSC, cholangiocytes aberrantly produce high molecular weight HA that accumulates in the peribiliary matrix, increasing local tissue stiffness. This mechanical signal is transduced by a CD44/Integrin {beta}1 receptor complex in cholangiocytes, driving cell proliferation, YAP mechanosignaling, pro-inflammatory cytokine production with a transition to a ductular reactive phenotype. CD44 knockdown in cholangiocyte cell lines and mouse models significantly lowered stiffness, and attenuated inflammation. Together, these findings reveal a mechano-inflammatory axis in which HA-driven matrix stiffening perpetuates biliary inflammation and disease progression, identifying HA targeting and CD44 as promising therapeutic strategies.

One Sentence SummaryHyaluronan and CD44 mediate matrix changes and progressive fibrosis in primary sclerosing cholangitis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Bansal, V., Vancza, L., Fan, J., Tzu, H., Nguyen, N., Richardson, A., Chronopoulos, A., Zhang, X., Wei, Y., Charville, G., Li, S., Nagy, N., Bollyky, P., Torok, N. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.21.739845</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hyaluronan and CD44 targeting reverses early matrix changes, proinflammatory signals and fibrosis in primary sclerosing cholangitis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.21.739835v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Imaging-Based Age- and Sex-specific Cardiovascular and Skeletal Phenotypes in Fbn1C1041G/+ Mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.21.739835v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Marfan syndrome is a multisystem connective tissue disorder with age-dependent and sex-dependent phenotypic variability. This study characterized early cardiovascular, valvular, transmitral flow, and skeletal changes in Fbn1C1041G/+ mice. Male and female wild-type and Fbn1C1041G/+ mice were examined from 4 to 20 weeks of age. Transthoracic echocardiography was used to measure aortic root and ascending aortic diameters, anterior mitral leaflet length, and mitral inflow Doppler parameters. Lateral X-ray imaging was used to quantify kyphosis angle. Fbn1C1041G/+ mice of both sexes developed progressive aortic dilation, with earlier and broader aortic root involvement in males and delayed annular dilation in females. Anterior mitral leaflet elongation was detected from 8 weeks in males and at 20 weeks in females. In contrast, reduced E-wave velocity and E/A ratio were present from 4 weeks in both sexes, without changes in A-wave velocity. Kyphosis was detectable earlier in females than in males. These findings show that early Fbn1-related phenotypes follow organ-specific and sex-dependent temporal patterns, supporting age-resolved and sex-stratified assessment in preclinical Marfan syndrome studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Liu, W., Li, S., Zhang, X., Su, L., Lin, H., Li, P., Liu, J., Niu, Y., Li, S. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.21.739835</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Imaging-Based Age- and Sex-specific Cardiovascular and Skeletal Phenotypes in Fbn1C1041G/+ Mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.20.739660v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pan-Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Agonist IVA337 Alleviates Secondary Lymphedema via Inhibiting TGFβ/SMAD2/3 Signaling Pathway 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.20.739660v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lymphedema is a chronic disease characterized by impaired lymph drainage and accumulation of protein-rich interstitial fluid, which progresses to develop irreversible fibrosis. Importantly, effective therapies and treatments are lacking to alleviate and mitigate the disease. The pathological inflammation and fibrogenesis underlying lymphedema prompted us to evaluate a preclinical medicine IVA337, a pan-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist that improves liver fibrosis in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) by activating three PPAR isoforms (, {beta}/{delta}, {lambda}), which play critical roles in lipid metabolism, anti-inflammation responses, and anti-fibrogenesis. Here, we investigate the therapeutic effects of IVA337 during the early stage of surgery-induced secondary lymphedema in mice and explored the underlying mechanisms. IVA337 administration alleviated lymphedema progression, improved lymphatic drainage, reduced dermal thickness, and resolved lymphatic vessel dilation. Mechanistically, IVA337 suppressed the TGF{beta}/SMAD2/3 signaling pathway, reduced immune cells infiltration, and improves lymphatic vessels integrity. In human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (HDLECs), IVA337 attenuated TGF{beta} induced SMAD2/3 phosphorylation and preserved the expression of cell junction Claudin5, reduced VE-Cadherin-stained cell-cell gaps. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that IVA337 protects against early stage lymphedema by inhibiting TGF{beta}/SMAD2/3-mediated inflammatory and fibrotic responses. This study provides a potential therapeutic strategy to improve lymphatic function during the early phase of lymphedema and prevent progressive fibrosis in patients with lymphedema and related disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Pang, J., Do, L. N. H., Delgado, E. D., Zhao, J., Flynn, L., Liu, H., Autieri, M., Yang, X., Liu, X. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.20.739660</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pan-Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Agonist IVA337 Alleviates Secondary Lymphedema via Inhibiting TGFβ/SMAD2/3 Signaling Pathway]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.20.739624v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lack of canonical PAR4 activation is associated with reduced arterial and venous thrombosis in mice. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.20.739624v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundProtease-activated receptor 4 (PAR4) is the only functional thrombin receptor on mouse platelets. Expression and activation of platelet PAR4 was shown to influence hemostatic plug stability and contributes to thrombosis in different murine arterial and venous thrombosis models. PAR4 activation by thrombin and other serine proteases occurs at the canonical activation site at Arginine (Arg) 59 in mice and Arg47 in humans. If murine PAR4 has functional non-canonical activation sites as shown for other PARs is unknown.

ObjectiveTo investigate canonical and potentially non-canonical PAR4 signaling in mice, we generated a mouse model expressing a functional, thrombin-cleavage resistant PAR4 by changing Arg59 to Alanine (Ala) 59 in murine PAR4 (PAR4R59A). PAR4R59A mice were used to assess the impact of impaired canonical (thrombin)-dependent PAR4 signaling on hemostasis and thrombosis in mice.

MethodsWe analyzed platelet aggregation, platelet integrin activation and -granule release ex vivo. Hemostasis and thrombosis in PAR4R59A and their control mice was compared using the jugular vein needle puncture injury-induced hemostasis model, and the ferric chloride-induced carotid artery and electrolytic injury-induced femoral vein thrombosis models.

ResultsPlatelets of PAR4R59A mice did not response to thrombin but responded normally to PAR4 agonist peptide (PAR4AP) stimulation in aggregation assays. Platelets of PAR4R59A and their control mice exhibited comparable responses to ADP, convulxin or PAR4AP regarding integrin activation and -granular release. PAR4R59A mice exhibited impaired hemostasis in the jugular vein needle puncture model, and were protected from ferric chloride-induced arterial thrombosis and from electrolytic injury induced thrombosis in the femoral vein.

ConclusionThe novel PAR4R59A mouse expresses a thrombin-insensitive but still functional PAR4. We propose that the new mouse line will increase the in vivo investigation of canonical PAR4 signaling pathways and may reveal unknown non-canonical PAR4 signaling in different pathologies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Lee, R. H., Severa, J. R., Paul, D. S., Hur, W. S., Sharma, S., Cowley, D. O., Flick, M. J., Bergmeier, W., Mackman, N., Stalker, T. J., Antoniak, S. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.20.739624</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lack of canonical PAR4 activation is associated with reduced arterial and venous thrombosis in mice.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.21.739567v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Super-resolution imaging with deep learning-based segmentation for detailed characterization of mitochondrial arrangement in Pompe disease skeletal muscle 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.21.739567v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pompe disease (glycogen storage disease type II) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder characterized by progressive glycogen accumulation within lysosomes. It leads to their enlargement, autophagosome build-up and defective autophagic flux. Among the pathophysiological features, mitochondrial abnormalities have long been regarded as secondary consequences of lysosomal dysfunction. Typically, they have been described in electron microscopy, revealing paracrystalline inclusions, cristae lost, swollen mitochondria, and glycogen-filled structures. However, the spatial organization and interplay between mitochondria and lysosomes in skeletal muscle remain poorly understood, as does the progression of these alterations with respect to muscle metabolic profile.

Here, we present a novel approach combining super-resolution imaging with a deep learning- based image analysis workflow to quantitatively assess mitochondrial and lysosomal remodeling as well as their interactions in skeletal muscle of the main murine model of the Pompe disease. Organelles were analyzed at two specific stages of the disease, according to muscle type, fiber type and subcellular location of the mitochondria.

We show that the overall structure of the mitochondrial network is affected as early as the pre-symptomatic stage (1 month), while changes in mitochondrial density are more restricted at this stage and become more widespread as disease progresses (4 months). Importantly, these pathophysiological modifications are highly dependent on the muscle, fiber type and subcellular location. Alongside a rapid and widespread increase in lysosomal size, and a subsequent shift toward tighter lysosomal clustering at the later stage, we observe a progressive, region-specific increase in mitochondria-lysosome interactions that is most pronounced in the intermyofibrillar region.

Our findings establish that this original imaging approach provides a relevant and powerful framework for quantitatively analyzing interactions between organelles within skeletal muscle fibers, thus offering new opportunities to explore the subcellular changes underlying disease progression. As such, it represents an interesting tool for monitoring pathophysiology and evaluating the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ HASSANI, I., Deniaud, J., Thorin, C., Fiore, T., Dubreil, L., Rouger, K., Colle, M.-A. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.21.739567</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Super-resolution imaging with deep learning-based segmentation for detailed characterization of mitochondrial arrangement in Pompe disease skeletal muscle]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.16.739032v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-model Segmentation and Morphometric Quantification of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy in Alzheimer's Disease Whole Slide Histopathology Images 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.16.739032v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionCerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is characterized by amyloid-beta deposition in cortical and leptomeningeal vessels and associated with cognitive impairment and hemorrhage. Current neuropathological assessments rely on semiquantitative grading and lack vessel-level resolution and scalability. Existing computational pathology approaches also fail to capture individual vessel morphology and spatial amyloid distribution across whole-slide images (WSIs). To address this gap, we developed a deep learning framework for reproducible, quantitative analysis of CAA in WSIs.

MethodsWe analyzed 20 postmortem brain tissue sections from the frontal (n = 10) and occipital cortices (n = 10) of 10 individuals with Alzheimers disease pathology obtained from the University of Pittsburgh Alzheimers Disease Research Center, which served as the internal development cohort. An independent external cohort consisted of 10 sections (5 frontal and 5 occipital samples) from 5 individuals obtained from the University of Kentucky Alzheimers Disease Research Center. We trained and compared three semantic segmentation architectures, a standard U-Net, a dual-attention residual U-Net (DA-ResUNet), and a Swin Transformer-based U-Net (Swin-UNet), using the internal development cohort with slide-level five-fold cross-validation. All models were evaluated on the independent external cohort to assess generalization under domain shift. Based on segmentation performance and computational efficiency, we selected one architecture to generate whole-slide composite segmentation masks for vessel walls, amyloid deposits, and tissue compartments. These masks were subsequently used for deterministic vessel detection, morphometric measurements, and quantification of vascular and perivascular amyloid features through post-processing analysis.

ResultsAll three architectures achieved high segmentation accuracy on the internal cohort, with Dice scores above 90% across vessel walls, amyloid deposits, gray matter, and leptomeninges. The Swin-UNet showed marginally higher performance for vessel segmentation, whereas the DA-ResUNet provided more balanced accuracy and computational efficiency and was selected for downstream analysis. External cohort evaluation demonstrated robust generalization, with attention-enhanced models outperforming the standard U-Net under domain shift. Using the selected model, the pipeline reliably detected valid vessels, excluded non-vascular artifacts, and enabled deterministic extraction of vessel morphometry, vascular and perivascular amyloid burden, and identification of circumferential CAA involvement at the vessel level.

DiscussionThis framework provides a scalable, interpretable solution for vessel-level CAA analysis, supporting robust geometric and spatial characterization of cerebrovascular pathology and enabling future integration with clinical and genetic studies. Beyond CAA, the modular design allows extension to other vascular pathologies, including arteriolosclerosis, in WSIs, facilitating broader investigation of cerebrovascular disease mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Tahmasebidehkordi, H., Bahramy, A., Julian, D. R., Cohen, J. A., Neal, M., Bumgardner, C., Nelson, P. T., Pearce, T. M., Kofler, J. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.16.739032</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-model Segmentation and Morphometric Quantification of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy in Alzheimer's Disease Whole Slide Histopathology Images]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.16.738175v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microvascular pathology of proteotoxic endothelial signature characterizes Progressive Supranuclear Palsy 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.16.738175v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cerebrovascular pathology is increasingly implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, yet its pathomechanistic contribution remains poorly defined. Building on prior evidence of dysregulated iron and oxygen homeostasis in early-affected brain regions of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), we hypothesized that brain microvascular alterations may play an etiological role in select neurodegenerative proteinopathies. First, we conducted a systematic neuropathological evaluation of 178 brains from the University Health Network Neurodegenerative Brain Collection, including Alzheimers disease-related neuropathologic change (ADNC; n=30), Lewy body disease with high or intermediate ADNC (n=38) and low ADNC (n=16), multiple system atrophy (MSA; n=14), PSP (n=39), frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 proteinopathy (FTLD-TDP; n=10), and controls (n=31). Arteriolosclerosis, microinfarction, and calcification were assessed in the basal ganglia and frontal cortex. Iron burden was correlated by quantification of Perls staining in MSA and PSP, where vessel pathology was most severe. Single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) of frontal cortex tissue from control (n=5) and PSP (n=8) cases with varying arteriolosclerosis severity was performed to characterize the vascular transcriptome, with validation against an independent snRNA-seq evaluation of PSP (n= 11), Picks disease (n=9), AD (n=10), and control (n=10) brains. Histological analysis revealed disease-specific involvement of microvascular pathology in neurodegenerative diseases, identifying PSP to demonstrate most prominent and widespread vessel wall thickening across regions examined. Regression analysis using demographic, APOE and MAPT genetic risk status, and neuropathological features of cases corroborated the distinct association with PSP pathology. Elevated iron load in early affected regions of MSA and PSP brains correlated with greater vessel wall thickening, suggesting a possible pathomechanistic relationship between the two disease physiologies. snRNA-seq analysis of vascular transcriptome identified robust upregulation of heat shock proteins and hypoxia-related genes in PSP endothelial cells and pericytes across both datasets. Importantly, we found the proteotoxic signature to be strongly associated with higher vessel scores in PSP cases, linking microvascular morphology to endothelial dysfunction. Our comprehensive neuropathological evaluation coupled with correlative snRNA-seq analysis establish PSP-specific arteriolar thickening associated with endothelial proteotoxic state as a candidate pathogenic mechanism. The cerebral arteriolar unit represents a compelling therapeutic target for disease modification in PSP.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Lee, S., Han, X., Tanikawa, S., Kuwabara, T., Yoshida, K., Forrest, S. L., Ichimata, S., Tanaka, H., Kon, T., Tanaka, S., Rogaeva, E., Tartaglia, M. C., Fox, S. H., Lang, A. E., Rexach, J. E., Kovacs, G. G. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.16.738175</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microvascular pathology of proteotoxic endothelial signature characterizes Progressive Supranuclear Palsy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.16.738889v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extracellular Matrix Proteomic Signatures Associate with Disease-Free Survival in Later Events of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ or Invasive Breast Cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.16.738889v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundDuctal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a noninvasive breast lesion with variable risk of progression to invasive breast cancer (IBC). Current transcription and cell marker investigations suggest ECM decreases in later events but are limited in details of ECM proteomic composition, including post-translational modifications. We investigated whether the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteome alters with later breast events of DCIS or IBC.

MethodsECM-targeted mass spectrometry imaging and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were applied to ten tissue microarrays from the Resource of Archival Human Breast Tissue cohort (RAHBT). Primary DCIS specimens (n=136) were analyzed in relation to later events of DCIS (n=40) or IBC(n=30), with a mean follow-up of 192.1 months 95% CI [179.1,205.1]. Statistical modeling, survival analyses, and exploratory machine learning approaches were used to identify ECM peptide signatures associated with later events.

ResultsDistinct ECM peptide profiles were associated with later events of DCIS or IBC. Fifteen peptides derived from fibrillar collagens (COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1) and elastin, showed significantly reduced abundance in patients who developed IBC. Lower expression of specific collagen peptides associated with overall 19.9% 95% CI [17.92, 21.81] decreased disease-free survival for IBC. Lower expression of these peptides was significantly associated with reduced disease-free survival (age-adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 2.45, 95% CI: 2.33-2.57; P < 0.05). Patient-matched samples of primary DCIS, later DCIS, and later invasive breast cancer further demonstrated reduction in ECM peptide detection. Exploratory predictive modeling from patient-matched samples achieved high performance (AUROC >0.98, accuracy >93%) in distinguishing primary from later events. Following prior work in the RAHBT cohort, reduction of certain collagen peptides was also observed in primary DCIS samples from higher risk patient groups.

ConclusionsECM proteomic remodeling, particularly decreases of specific collagen domains, is strongly associated with later events of DCIS and IBC. These findings highlight ECM proteome as a critical regulator of breast cancer emergence with potential as a prognosticator of risk stratification to guide clinical management of DCIS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Hulahan, T. S., Spruill, L., Gerding, B. E., Wang, M., Macdonald, J. K., Taylor, H. B., Wallace, E., Strand, S. H., Mehta, A. S., Ford, M. E., Nakshatri, H., Marks, J. R., Angelo, M., Colditz, G. A., Hwang, E. S., Drake, R. R., West, R. B., M Angel, P. M. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.16.738889</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extracellular Matrix Proteomic Signatures Associate with Disease-Free Survival in Later Events of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ or Invasive Breast Cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.15.738753v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multicenter self-supervised computational pathology identifies prognostic histomorphological phenotypes in colorectal cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.15.738753v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
H&E whole-slide images capture prognostic information encoded in tumor morphology and the surrounding microenvironment, but these signals remain difficult to extract and interpret at scale. Here, we developed a self-supervised computational pathology framework to predict disease-free survival in colorectal cancer and link model-derived risk to interpretable histomorphology and spatial tumor biology. Using a multicenter developmental cohort spanning colorectal adenomas and invasive colorectal cancer, we trained HPL-PanColon, a self-supervised representation model, to extract tile-level embeddings and identify recurrent histomorphological phenotype clusters across the adenoma-carcinoma spectrum. Compared with general-purpose pathology foundation models, HPL-PanColon yielded representations with reduced institution- and dataset-specific batch effects. We then applied HPL-PanColon to a global survival cohort of 1,024 colorectal cancer patients in a leave-one-institution-out framework, using tile embeddings to train an attention-based survival model and derive the Colon Histomorphology Prognostic Score (CHiPS). CHiPS stratified patients by disease-free survival and provided complementary prognostic information to a UICC TNM-informed clinicopathological model, increasing the c-index from 0.683 to 0.706. Integrating model attention with phenotype assignments traced CHiPS-associated risk to pathologist-recognizable tissue patterns, with high-risk regions enriched for desmoplastic, stromal, and fibroinflammatory morphologies and low-risk regions reflecting tumor-rich epithelial glandular patterns. Spatial transcriptomic analysis further linked high-risk morphologies to fibroblastic, perivascular, myofibroblastic, and immune-reactive tumor microenvironment programs, while low-risk morphologies mapped to epithelial and tumor-enriched regions. These findings establish a scalable framework for interpretable histology-based prognosis and spatial biological discovery in colorectal cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Heilijgers, F., Le, H. A., Coudray, N., Karimkhan, A., Chen, D., Peeters, K. C. M. J., Hacking, S., Mesker, W. E., Tsirigos, A., UNITED collaboration ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.15.738753</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multicenter self-supervised computational pathology identifies prognostic histomorphological phenotypes in colorectal cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.19.739424v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Advancing Plant Health in Sub-Saharan Africa: Understanding National Agricultural Research Institutions capacities for Strategic Investment Priorities to Boost Genetic Gains Against Crop Biotic Stress 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.19.739424v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plant health research within National Agricultural Research and Extension Systems (NARES) represents a critical yet neglected pillar of agricultural resilience in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where crop productivity remains substantially below global averages due to persistent biotic and abiotic stresses. Although plant health units have a strategic mandate to support crop protection, disease surveillance, and varietal improvement, the institutional capacity of these units across NARES in SSA is not defined. Here, we assessed 36 plant health units across 26 SSA countries to determine research capacity, identify operational constraints, and examine their contributions to crop improvement and food security. Our findings reveal the existence of a strong human capital operating under structurally constrained systems. More than 65% of personnel possess postgraduate qualifications, indicating the presence of a highly trained scientific workforce with considerable potential to drive plant health innovation. However, this expertise is undermined by severe infrastructural and institutional limitations that restrict research delivery. Access to essential facilities remains low, whereby only 53% of respondents had access to plant pathology laboratories, 43% had molecular biology platforms, and 37% had glass/screenhouses, while only 30% of respondents maintained phenotyping infrastructure such as sick plots or endemic/hot spot disease sites. These deficiencies undermine plant health research in areas like biotic stress resistance screening, pathogen diagnostics, and diversity. It was noted that plant health units primarily target staple food crops central to regional food systems, including cereals (maize, rice, sorghum, and millets), legumes (groundnut and cowpea), and root and tuber crops (cassava and potato). All these crops are affected by diverse biotic stresses that include fungi, bacteria, viruses, insect pests, and parasitic weeds. Yet research effectiveness to address these challenges is further constrained by unclear or fragmented protocols, poorly equipped laboratories, weak data capture, and management systems. Critical gaps were consistently identified in pathogen isolation and characterization, disease phenotyping, surveillance and mapping, experimental design, and data management. Workforce composition raises additional concerns regarding long-term system sustainability. Women account for only 18% of plant health personnel, while researchers younger than 35 years represent just 10% of the workforce, reflecting weak generational succession and gender inequity. These demographic imbalances constitute an existential threat to institutional continuity and innovation capacity. In summary, closing these gaps will require coordinated investment in infrastructure, technical training, institutional strengthening, and digital modernization. Equally important is the development of inclusive workforce strategies that improve gender representation and strengthen succession pathways. Unlocking the potential of NARES plant health networks is essential for accelerating resilient crop development, strengthening agricultural productivity, and advancing food security across SSA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Kimunye, J. N., Sinare, B., Some, H., Drabo, I., Nas, T. M., Rathore, A. R., Nebie, B., Das, R., Desmae, H., Bigirimana, J., Panchbhai, A., Gandhi, H., Alakonya, A. E. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.19.739424</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Advancing Plant Health in Sub-Saharan Africa: Understanding National Agricultural Research Institutions capacities for Strategic Investment Priorities to Boost Genetic Gains Against Crop Biotic Stress]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.13.738201v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantifying Cross-Modal Shared Information Between Histomorphology and Spatial Transcriptomics via Spatiotemporal Trajectory Correlation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.13.738201v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Histopathological imaging and spatial transcriptomics (ST) provide synergistic morphological and molecular insights into tissue architecture. While conventional downstream analyses predominantly adopt a discrete paradigm, such as segmenting histological images or identifying spatial domains, emerging trajectory reconstruction methods offer a continuous perspective for analyzing these modalities. However, most current studies are confined to single-modality or single-organ analyses, lacking systematic integration across modalities and multiple organs. To address this limitation, we performed trajectory reconstruction on ST-derived gene expression data and on histopathological morphological features extracted using ten widely used pathology pretrained models across multiple cancer samples from six organs. The results demonstrate that trajectory reconstruction, as a continuous analytical framework, effectively bridges spatial transcriptomics and histopathological imaging. More importantly, we propose an innovative framework that uses trajectory pseudotime as a mediating variable to quantify the extent of information sharing between molecular and morphological features. This framework not only provides a new perspective for understanding the intrinsic links between modalities but also establishes a solid theoretical and methodological foundation for future cross-modal translation studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ he, X., Feng, M., Wang, A., Huang, X., Luo, X., Liu, X., Sun, T., Wang, L., Xu, K. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.13.738201</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantifying Cross-Modal Shared Information Between Histomorphology and Spatial Transcriptomics via Spatiotemporal Trajectory Correlation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.11.737907v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SERPINB13 is a prognostic biomarker for LUSC associated with an immune-inflamed tumor phenotype and modulated by immune cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.11.737907v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common form of lung cancer accounting for most cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite substantial recent advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapy, the prognosis for advanced-stage disease remains comparably poor, which is why the identification of novel molecular biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets influencing tumor development, progression, and metastasis remain important. This study focusses on SERPINB13, a serine-protease inhibitor expressed in selected tissues that is dysregulated in several tumor entities. However, its role in NSCLC still remains largely unclear.

We analyzed SERPINB13 transcription in a cohort of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases including both lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) by transcriptome profiling. Epigenetic modifications were assessed via Methylation BeadChips. Additionally, SERPINB13 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in an independent cohort of NSCLC comprising 126 LUSC patients. Correlation analyses were performed to associate SERPINB13 expression with key clinico-pathological parameters, including overall survival and extent of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. To functionally investigate the regulatory influence of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) on SERPINB13 expression in LUSC tumor cells in vitro, we utilized the SERPINB13-expressing LUSC cell line LUDLU-1. Here, gene transcription was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR), confirmed by Western blot on the protein level.

Transcriptome analysis revealed a significant upregulation of SERPINB13 in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) compared to lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), highlighting a subtype-specific expression pattern. This differential expression was further associated with a distinct epigenetic DNA methylation signature at the SERPINB13 loci in LUSC, suggesting transcriptional regulation via hypomethylation. IHC analysis demonstrated that high SERPINB13 protein expression is significantly associated with prolonged overall survival in LUSC. Notably, SERPINB13 expression was enriched in immune-inflamed ("hot") tumors, characterized by elevated infiltrating lymphocytes and immune activation. Mechanistically, co-culture experiments with PBMCs induced SERPINB13 expression in a LUSC cell line in a dose- and time-dependent manner in the absence of direct cell contact. This suggests that soluble factors secreted by immune cells might play a key role in regulating SERPINB13 expression in the tumor microenvironment.

Taken together, SERPINB13 is a novel prognostic indicator in LUSC that is modulated by Immune cells. Further studies are necessary to decipher the crosstalk of Immune cells on the Serpin B13 expressing tumor cells in depth, with regard to a possible interventional strategy. immunomodulatory potential strategies and personalized therapeutic approaches in NSCLC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Kuempers, C., Stein, K., Nitschkowski, D., Jagomast, T., Heidel, C., Kirfel, J., Droemann, D., Bohnet, S., Schweigert, M., Reck, M., Olchers, T., von Weihe, S., Ammerpohl, O., Goldmann, T. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.11.737907</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SERPINB13 is a prognostic biomarker for LUSC associated with an immune-inflamed tumor phenotype and modulated by immune cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.09.737559v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Prototype-based AI triage for 3D pathology 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.09.737559v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Non-destructive 3D pathology enables high-resolution slide-free imaging of intact clinical specimens, providing comprehensive visualization of tissue structures beyond what conventional slide-based 2D histopathology can provide. However, the scale and complexity of volumetric datasets make exhaustive manual review impractical, motivating AI-assisted triage methods to select a small number of high-risk 2D slices for pathologist review. While prior triage models have shown promise, interpretability is poor and performance can be suboptimal, especially in the nascent field of 3D pathology in which labeled data is limited. We present SCOPE, a Segmentation-guided CrOss-slice PrototypE learning framework for comprehensive risk assessment of 2D levels within 3D pathology datasets. SCOPE combines (i) clustering-based pretraining on large-scale unlabeled volumetric data to initialize morphology-aware prototypes, (ii) segmentation-derived structural priors from publicly available models to guide proto-type learning, and (iii) cross-slice (2.5D) prototype aggregation across neighboring slices to generate slice-level risk predictions. In prostate and esophageal data cohorts, SCOPE consistently outperforms attention-based and prototype-based multiple instance learning baselines for both binary and multiclass prediction tasks, enabling depth-resolved risk profiling for 3D triage based on morphological prototypes that are interpretable to pathologists.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Yan, R., Gao, G., Song, A. H., Hsieh, H.-C., Zhao, Y., Almagro-Perez, C., Brenes, D., Chow, S. S. L., Shen, J., Reddi, D. M., True, L. D., Lal, P., Madabhushi, A., Mahmood, F., Liu, J. T. C. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.09.737559</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Prototype-based AI triage for 3D pathology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.08.737217v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial Glyco-Codes Define Human Liver Pathology and Progression 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.08.737217v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glycosylation is a fundamental process regulating cellular function, tissue organization, and disease progression. However, comprehensive glycan profiling at single-cell spatial resolution remains largely inaccessible, particularly in clinical archival tissues. Here we develop spatial-GPT, a multimodal platform for simultaneous profiling of glycans, proteins, and/or transcripts in archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. Using a panel of 30 DNA-encoded lectins recognizing major mammalian glycan motifs and structural classes, sequencing-based spatial-GPT (DBiT-GPT) mapped the spatial glycome, proteome, and transcriptome across 16 human liver specimens encompassing steatosis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), leading to identification of spatial glyco-codes - combinatorial glycan states associated with distinct cellular identities, tissue features, and pathological processes. Unexpectedly, glyco-codes alone were sufficient to resolve major cell types, disease states, and HCC subtypes, revealing a previously unappreciated level of biological information encoded within the tissue glycome. Spatial glycomics uncovered tumor-like glyco-codes in premalignant regions, suggesting that glycan reprogramming may precede overt malignant transformation. Using imaging-based single-cell spatial glycan-protein profiling (CODEX-GP), we track glyco-codes across the whole-tissue architecture of 3 representative HCC samples. We further examined the glyco-codes across more than 300 patient specimens and quantified cell-type- and disease-specific glyco-codes as well as glycan-defined immune-evasion, T-cell-exhaustion, and steato-fibrotic niches. Together, these findings establish spatial glyco-codes as a previously unrecognized layer of tissue organization that encodes cellular identity, tissue function, and disease progression. The ability of glyco-codes to distinguish major liver pathologies across independent patient cohorts further highlights their potential as a new class of molecular histopathology biomarkers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Tian, X., Fung, A. A., Shang, X., Zhang, D., Chen, B., Zhang, L., Li, K., Zhong, M., Deng, Y., Yang, M., Lu, Y., Tao, B., Gao, F., Baysoy, A., Lin, X. L., Ivovic, A., Chen, S., Li, F., Xu, M. L., Zhang, X., Gerstein, M., Yang, X., Liu, C., Fan, R. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.08.737217</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial Glyco-Codes Define Human Liver Pathology and Progression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.07.737031v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
First report on Chicken Pediculosis in Modern Battery-Cage Layer Farms in Bangladesh: Behavioral, Pathological and Production Performance Impacts 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.07.737031v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The recent shift in Bangladesh from tradition backyard rearing system to modern commercial layer farming has made the birds immune to infectious diseases. Pediculosis, however, continues to pose a challenge in modern production system due to its invasive nature, often going unnoticed and neglected as it is typically non-lethal, yet capable of causing significant production losses. Lice infestation is a persistent threat in poultry production; however, its implications in battery-caged commercial layer hens in Bangladesh remain insufficiently characterized. The study aimed to identify the causative louse species and evaluate its associations with clinical pathology, hematological alteration and productive performance in 30 white-feathered (15 infested + 15 non-infested) and 30 brown-feathered (15 infested + 15 non-infested) laying birds from two commercial farms in Tangail. Morphological characterization confirmed the parasite as Menacanthus stamineus, distinguished by a dorsoventrally flattened body, parabolicallly rounded head wider than long, concealed club-shaped antennae, an oblong-oval abdomen with fine setae and three pairs of short legs each bearing paired claws. Infested birds exhibited consistent clinical pathology, including pale combs, petechial hemorrhages around the vent, severe feather damage with alopecic and exudative areas and incidence of irregular and broken-shelled eggs. Production performance analysis revealed significant reduction in hen-day egg production, egg weight, and feed intake, accompanied by significantly increased feed conversion ratios. Hematological evaluation demonstrated significantly reduced hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit and erythrocyte counts in infested hens, indicating mild anemia and compromised oxygen-carrying capacity. Collectively, pediculosis was strongly associated with lice-induced self-inflicted injury and cannibalism, systemic physiological stress, impaired erythropoiesis, reduced production efficiency and compromised welfare in caged laying hens. To best of our knowledge, it was the first integrative reports from Bangladesh documenting M. stramineus infestation in battery-caged commercial layer system with concurrent evidence of hematological disruption and measurable productivity losses, underscoring its epidemiological and economic significance and urgent need for targeted, evidence-based ectoparasite control strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Rabbi, M. R. R., Safowan, M., Miti, A. A., Salafi, M. A. M., Rahman, D. M. Z. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.07.737031</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[First report on Chicken Pediculosis in Modern Battery-Cage Layer Farms in Bangladesh: Behavioral, Pathological and Production Performance Impacts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
</rdf:RDF>
