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<title>bioRxiv Subject Collection: Genetics Plant Biology</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org</link>
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This feed contains articles for bioRxiv Subject Collection "Genetics Plant Biology"
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<link>https://www.biorxiv.org</link>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.06.730570v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Use of a plasmid containing a dual gene reporter system to assess the cell hydrophobicity of Listeria monocytogenes 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.06.730570v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Listeria monocytogenes causes listeriosis in humans and animals and contaminates prepared food by attaching to food processing environments. Therefore, closer monitoring of how the organism adheres to surfaces will help identify ways to prevent it from colonising food-processing environments. To develop new attachment assays, clinical and environmental strains of L. monocytogenes were transformed by inserting a plasmid containing lux, gfp reporter genes and an erythromycin-resistant gene into the parent cells. Transformed cells were grown for 48 hours on brain heart infusion agar plates containing erythromycin, after which the cells were viewed under a molecular light imager and luminometer. Fluorescent cells containing the gfp, lux, and erythromycin-resistant genes were visible, whereas control cells without the plasmid were not. Transformation efficiency was highest with the environmental strains, and subsequent growth and hydrophobicity tests carried out with the transformed cells in different growth conditions showed that they were able to attach well to solvents when compared to the parent cells. However, the growth rate of the transformed cells was poor, indicating a disruption of cell metabolism. Results show the possibility of real-time monitoring of how cells attach to different surfaces and could lead to a better understanding of the initial colonisation of a surface by the organism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Nwaiwu, O., Rees, C. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.06.730570</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Use of a plasmid containing a dual gene reporter system to assess the cell hydrophobicity of Listeria monocytogenes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.05.730474v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Outbred Drosophila populations reveal diet-dependent genetic effects on development time 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.05.730474v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metabolic effects of genetic variation often depend on diet, yet the loci underlying diet-dependent developmental responses remain incompletely defined. Here we combine multi-trait phenotyping of Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel lines with genome-wide mapping in newly developed Drosophila Recombinant Populations. High sugar causes genotype- and life-stage-dependent changes in metabolic and life-history traits, with development time emerging as a highly heritable, sugar-sensitive phenotype. Mapping in 16 outbred advanced intercross populations reveals distinct association landscapes under low- and high-sugar diets, with a concentrated low-sugar signal, a more distributed high-sugar pattern, and identified genotype-by-diet loci including tap, Eip75B and Cerk. Functional perturbation supports diet-dependent effects for several prioritized candidates. Allele-frequency analyses identify operationally defined thrifty-like variants associated with delayed development under high sugar and relatively earlier development under low sugar; these variants are enriched for cell-adhesion, neurodevelopmental, and morphogenetic processes. Together, these results establish an outbred Drosophila framework for dissecting how dietary sugar remodels the genetic architecture of development time.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Bai, Y., Shabbir, S., Chen, Y., Morgante, F., Ludwig, M., Park, S.-Y., Acharya, M., Li, Y., Ali, S., Trudnak, A., Rajesh, M., Kreitman, M., Zhuang, X. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.05.730474</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Outbred Drosophila populations reveal diet-dependent genetic effects on development time]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.06.730627v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-Trait Meta-QTL Analysis Reveals Genomic Hotspot Classes for Strategic Maize Improvement 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.06.730627v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Abstract Background Decades of maize (Zea mays L.) QTL mapping have produced fragmented results across hundreds of independent studies, characterized by broad confidence intervals, population-specific effects, and a predominantly single-trait analytical scope. Comprehensive multi-trait integration remains limited, yet it could substantially improve our understanding of trait relationships for strategic breeding. We integrated 2,701 QTLs published over 30 years across five functionally distinct trait categories (grain yield and components; plant development and architecture; plant physiology and stress adaptation; grain quality and nutritional composition; and disease and pest resistance) in order to identify functionally classified genomic hotspots and prioritize candidate genes for multi-trait breeding applications. Results BioMercator V4.2 consolidated 2,518 projectable QTLs into 187 high-confidence meta-QTLs (MQTLs), achieving an average 59% reduction in confidence interval width; 128 of 187 MQTLs (68.4%) achieved dual-platform support through GWAS co-localization. Twenty-three genomic hotspots harbored 132 of 187 MQTLs (70.6%) and were classified into three functional categories: twelve multi-trait hubs that may enable simultaneous improvement of multiple traits through pleiotropic or tightly linked genes; seven single-trait clusters with pathway-specific effects, exemplified by the chromosome 9 starch biosynthesis cluster; and four major-effect loci with reported individual effects exceeding 20% PVE, including vgt1 (54% PVE) and opaque2 (34.2% PVE). Descriptive environmental classification distinguished MQTLs predominantly supported by optimal-condition QTLs (42%) from those predominantly supported by stress-condition QTLs (28%), the latter showing approximately 3.5-fold greater mean contributing-QTL phenotypic variance, directionally consistent with conditional genetic effect amplification under stress. Network-based candidate gene prioritization combined with cross-cereal ortholog analysis showed that 67% of the top candidates possess orthologs in rice, sorghum, wheat, or barley, and 53% are conserved across all four species, identifying priority targets for functional genomics investment. Conclusions This functionally classified and environmentally characterized meta-QTL framework provides breeders with a structured resource for multi-trait hotspot selection, environment-appropriate allele deployment, and functional genomics prioritization, with broader applicability as a transferable analytical template for other crop species confronting analogous challenges of fragmented QTL literature and complex multi-trait breeding objectives.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Parthasarathy, S., Rocheford, T., Koehler, K. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.06.730627</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-Trait Meta-QTL Analysis Reveals Genomic Hotspot Classes for Strategic Maize Improvement]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.07.730749v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genomic instability within a sympatric complex of South American garlics (Nothoscordum spp., Amaryllidaceae) 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.07.730749v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Background and Aims: The evolution of reproductive isolation between previously interbreeding populations is a fundamental driver of plant speciation. Within Amaryllidaceae, Nothoscordum represents an evolutionarily complex genus, characterized by an unusually high incidence of chromosomal rearrangements. During fieldwork, Nothoscordum montevidense and Nothoscordum bonariense were found growing in sympatry, along with individuals exhibiting intermediate morphological traits, suggesting a putative hybrid origin. To test this hypothesis, we employed an integrative approach to characterize the morphologically intermediate specimens and the two sympatric populations. Materials and methods: To characterize the putative hybrids we have combined morphological, cytogenetic analyses (chromosome counts, CMA/DAPI banding, and FISH) and flow cytometry-based genome size estimation. Phylogenetic relationships and genomic structure were also investigated through Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS), complete chloroplast genome assembly, and comparative repetitive DNA analysis. We also performed species distribution modeling and phenological analyses of the putative parental species. Key Results: Multiple lines of evidence confirm the hybrid origin of the studied plants. Cytogenetic analyses revealed specimens with 2n = 21 (1C {approx} 33 pg = 32.274 Mbp) and 2n = 25 (1C {approx} 37 pg = 36.186 Mbp), accompanied by meiotic irregularities consistent with interspecific hybridization. Chloroplast genome phylogeny identified N. montevidense (2n = 16, 1C {approx} 25 pg) as the maternal lineage, while GBS data confirmed N. bonariense (2n = 26, 1C {approx} 41 pg) as the paternal contributor and revealed evidence of subsequent backcrossing. Comparative analysis of repetitive DNA showed reduced 35S rDNA diversity in the hybrid, indicative of post-hybridization genomic restructuring. Despite the observed genomic complexity, no clear morphological differentiation was detected among hybrid individuals. Phenological analyses and species distribution models demonstrated broad overlap between parental species. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the role of hybridization in shaping genome architecture in cytogenetically labile plant lineages. Furthermore, our results underscore that morphological similarity can mask profound genomic complexity, reinforcing the value of integrative approaches to understand genera characterized by reticulate evolution and genomic instability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Sassone, A. B., Sader, M. A., Nascimiento, T. E., Blattner, F. R., Giussani, L. M. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.07.730749</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genomic instability within a sympatric complex of South American garlics (Nothoscordum spp., Amaryllidaceae)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.09.731113v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Research Process Graph: LLM-Driven Extraction and Hierarchical Organization of Research Logic 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.09.731113v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plant biology now publishes thousands of experimental research articles each year, but their core research logic, namely what questions are being asked, with what methods, and what is being found, remains locked inside free text and invisible to systematic analysis. Here we present a structured, 20-year atlas of The Plant Cell in which every paper is converted into a typed, directed Research Process Graph (RPG) of Question (Q), Method (M) and Finding (F) nodes connected by Q[-&gt;]M and M[-&gt;]F edges. A benchmarked large language model pipeline applied to 2,633 Plant Cell research articles published 2005-2026 recovered >110,000 Q/M/F nodes and >126,000 directed Q[-&gt;]M[-&gt;]F chains with>98% precision. A second LLM pass generalises each node into a paper-independent canonical form and assigns it to one of 10 top-level (L1) and ~90 sub-level (L2) categories for each node type, producing the first comprehensive map of plant-biology research logic at the resolution of individual research questions. The atlas reveals that Plant Cell papers fall into seven canonical paper recipes with characteristic Q[-&gt;]M[-&gt;]F sub-structures, that peripheral experimental techniques have largely turned over while a stable methodological core persisted, and that the strongest correlate of per-PI citation impact is methodological breadth, not productivity or topical breadth. We release the atlas as a public, browsable database with five complementary interfaces: paper views, an LLM-powered research assistant, expert profiles, a taxonomy browser, and a method explorer. The database, available at https://rpg.connectome.tools/, turns the literature into a queryable community resource.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Yang, J., Itharajula, M., Mutwil, M. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.09.731113</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Research Process Graph: LLM-Driven Extraction and Hierarchical Organization of Research Logic]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.09.731038v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hydroxylated monoterpenes mimic bacterial attack to trigger jasmonate-dependent self-amplifying immunity in tomato 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.09.731038v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hydroxylated monoterpenes (HMTPs) are emitted during resistant tomato-Pseudomonas syringae interactions and confer antibacterial resistance, yet their integration into immune signalling remains poorly understood. Here we show that HMTPs act as endogenous mimics of pathogen attack that engage canonical defence pathways in tomato. Using -terpineol as a representative HMTP, we demonstrate that this volatile activates MPK kinase-, calcium- and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent signalling, promotes jasmonate and salicylic acid accumulation, and induces pathogen-like stomatal immunity independently of abscisic acid. Functional analyses revealed that HMTPs biosynthesis depends on ROS and jasmonate signalling, and HMTPs further promote their own accumulation, establishing a self-reinforcing feed-forward mechanism. Moreover, in vitro oxidative conditions drive chemical remodelling and selective interconversion among HMTPs, contributing to volatile diversification and favouring the accumulation of highly bioactive hydroxylated forms. Consistently, deuterium-labelled linalool is incorporated into plant metabolism and converted into deuterated -terpineol in planta, providing direct evidence for volatile interconversion. Together, our findings establish HMTPs as dynamic amplifiers of tomato antibacterial immunity and key actors in pathogen-associated signalling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Perez-Perez, J., Brito-Gutierrez, P., Santiago, A., Sanmartin, M., Matus, T., Sulli, M., Diretto, G., Vera-Sirera, F., Rodrigo, I., Lopez-Gresa, M. P., Lison, P. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.09.731038</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hydroxylated monoterpenes mimic bacterial attack to trigger jasmonate-dependent self-amplifying immunity in tomato]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.10.731257v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cf-4- and Cf-5-triggered plant immunity: Similarities and differences 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.10.731257v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Abstract Plant immunity is, amongst others, mediated by receptor like proteins (RLPs), which are localized on the plasma membrane. RLPs recognize extracellular immunogenic patterns (ExIPs) originating from pathogens or derived from the host itself, which leads to extracellularly triggered immunity (ExTI). Cf proteins, which are well-known RLPs of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) confer resistance against the fungal pathogen Fulvia fulva. Cf-9, Cf-4, Cf-2 and Cf-5 are well-known examples of Cf proteins, mediating recognition of the matching ExIPs Avr9, Avr4, Avr2 and Avr5, respectively, which are secreted effectors of F. fulva and trigger hypersensitive response (HR)-related cell death in tomato plants carrying these Cf proteins. Although all these Cf proteins confer proper resistance to the fungus, Cf-9 and Cf-4 trigger a stronger and faster cell death than Cf-5 and Cf-2. It is unknown whether these phenotypical differences arise from variations in the molecular mechanism of the cellular immune response that is initiated by the Cf proteins, and whether this phenotypic difference correlates with varying degrees in the intensity and timing of the triggered immune responses and robustness of the resistance. To try to answer these questions, in this study the immune responses triggered by Cf-4 and Cf-5 were compared. Cf-4 and Cf-5 share the same core upstream signaling components to trigger HR-related cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana. In tomato, both receptors induce rapid MAPK activation, which is more sustained for the Cf-5/Avr5 combination. Both Avr4 and Avr5 induce an apoplastic burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS), independently of the presence of their matching receptors, while remaining dependent on RBOHB for this ROS burst. Full transcriptome analysis at 3 and 7 hours after immune activation revealed a large shared set of differentially expressed genes, alongside qualitative and quantitative differences, with the Cf-5/Avr5 combination inducing a broader transcriptional reprogramming. Despite these differences, Cf-4 and Cf-5 confer a comparable level of resistance to F. fulva. These results demonstrate that Cf-4 and Cf-5 share conserved immune initiation mechanisms, but diverge in downstream signaling dynamics, and that the intensity and timing of the HR-related cell death do not affect the robustness of the resistance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Budak, E., Aguiar Canha, H., Joosten, M. H. A. J. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.10.731257</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cf-4- and Cf-5-triggered plant immunity: Similarities and differences]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.08.730374v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Higher Lipid Saturation in Well-Irrigated Georgia Cotton Plants: A Field-Based NMR Metabolomics Study 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.08.730374v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is an economically important crop, but it faces increasing pest outbreaks, especially in non-irrigated areas. In this study, 20 cotton farms using center-pivot irrigation were sampled in southern Georgia to assess chemical differences between non-irrigated and irrigated areas. Proton (1H) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data were obtained from cotton leaves, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed to assess differences in chemical composition. Across all samples, farm site accounted for most of the variability, but within each farm site, the PCA scores plots showed clear separation between non-irrigated and irrigated conditions in 10 sites. Inspecting the PCA loadings revealed significant resonances resembling a lipid-like signal. After reverse-phase fractionation, we observed that many of these resonances appeared together in later fractions, suggesting a lipid, specifically a fatty acid such as linoleic acid. We hypothesized that differences in net lipid saturation level may drive separation between non-irrigated and irrigated samples. Six farm sites had a significantly or marginally significantly higher degree of unsaturation in irrigated samples, while one farm site had significantly higher unsaturation in non-irrigated samples. Our results indicate that drought stress likely affects lipid profile composition, which could be driving higher herbivorous pest densities in drought-stressed crops.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Patel, K., Esselman, C. S., Croy, J., Gillis, M., Rodrigues, P. A. P., Simmons, A., Borges, R. M., Edison, A. S., Snyder, W. E. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.08.730374</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Higher Lipid Saturation in Well-Irrigated Georgia Cotton Plants: A Field-Based NMR Metabolomics Study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.08.730953v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The plant immune receptor LORE binds agonistic and antagonistic 3-hydroxy fatty acid ligands via a dynamic loop in its G-type lectin domain 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.08.730953v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Arabidopsis thaliana S-domain receptor kinase LORE senses bacterial medium-chain 3-hydroxy fatty acids (mc-3-OH-FAs) as microbe-associated molecular patterns to activate pattern-triggered immunity. How LORE recognises these fatty acid ligands at the molecular level remains unknown. Here, we combined protein structure prediction, protein-ligand interaction modelling and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with ligand-binding assays using chimeric and mutant receptor ectodomains, and functional analysis of receptor activation to characterise the mc-3-OH-FA binding mechanism. Domain-swap experiments between LORE and its non-binding paralog AtSD1-23 identify the lectin 2 (L2) domain as the ligand-binding domain. Mutational analysis and reverse engineering confirm a hydrophobic pocket in the L2 core as the primary ligand-binding site. Multiple walker Supervised MD (mwSuMD) simulations reveal that the acyl tail enters the pocket first, whilst polar interactions between the headgroup and a flexible L2 loop guide and stabilise the bound state. In support of this model, 3-OH-C10:0 analogues with bulky headgroup modifications dock into the pocket but act as antagonists, presumably by preventing the loop from adopting the conformation required for signalling. Together, these data suggest that the flexible L2 loop has multiple functions: it acts as a dynamic gate regulating pocket access, provides essential anchoring points once the ligand is bound, and contributes to receptor activation. These findings provide a mechanistic framework for immunogenic mc-3-OH-FA sensing by LORE.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Shu, L.-J., Nicoli, A., Yu, F.-Y., Thiry, O. O. A., Deslandes-Herold, G., Luethi, T., Di Pizio, A., Ranf, S. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.08.730953</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The plant immune receptor LORE binds agonistic and antagonistic 3-hydroxy fatty acid ligands via a dynamic loop in its G-type lectin domain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.08.730856v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dual Knockout of StAMY23 and StVINV Improves Postharvest Storage Traits in Potato 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.08.730856v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Starch is the primary carbohydrate reserve in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers and a critical determinant of their industrial value. The rate of starch degradation during postharvest storage directly influences key traits such as endodormancy (ED) duration and cold-induced sweetening (CIS), which affect sprouting behavior. In this study, we used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to knockout StAMY23, a gene encoding -amylase involved in starch breakdown. stamy23 plants exhibited higher yield and extended tuber ED postharvest, without significantly altering CIS or starch granule content. To further reduce CIS, we knockout StAMY23 in VACUOLAR INVERTASE knockout (stvinv) backgrounds, generating stamy23/stvinv double-knockouts plants. These lines showed significantly reduced CIS, prolonged ED, and elevated starch content, along with altered starch granule content. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that simultaneous downregulation of StAMY23 and StVINV can additively enhance desirable postharvest traits, providing a promising strategy for improving potato storage quality through precision genome editing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Teper-Bamnolker, P., Steinberg, T., Shtein, C., Peer, R., Doron-Faigenboim, A., Belausov, E., Sherman, A., Eshel, D. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.08.730856</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dual Knockout of StAMY23 and StVINV Improves Postharvest Storage Traits in Potato]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.08.730999v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rational design of T-DNA vectors enables predictable, single-copy integration in Arabidopsis thaliana 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.08.730999v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is the dominant method for plant transgenesis, yet it frequently produces multi-copy, structurally complex T-DNA insertions associated with transgene silencing, unpredictable expression, and genome instability. Here, leveraging a high-throughput phenotypic reporter, we systematically dissect how T-DNA vector architecture, plasmid biology, and regulatory element choice shape transformation outcomes in Arabidopsis thaliana. We discover a pronounced trade-off between transformation efficiency and T-DNA copy number, uncovering the virulence enhancing overdrive sequence as a major determinant of this relationship. Guided by these insights, we engineered a new T-DNA vector that balances efficient transformation with predominantly single-copy integration. Additionally, we replaced viral elements, such as the widely used CaMV 35S promoter, with Arabidopsis-derived regulatory elements to minimise undesired enhancer effects, and developed a streamlined workflow for efficient T-DNA insertion mapping in the genome. Together, these advances form the T1 vector series, an Arabidopsis-optimised T-DNA vector system that enables clean, single-copy, and readily mappable transgene integration with predictable expression in the first generation after transformation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Shaw, W. M., Gajendiran, A., Tchantouridze, E. I., Bechen, L. L., Clarke, S. G., Guiziou, S., Gehring, M., Khalil, A. S. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.08.730999</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rational design of T-DNA vectors enables predictable, single-copy integration in Arabidopsis thaliana]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.06.730605v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The coordination between xylem and bark hydraulics in temperate Rosaceae species 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.06.730605v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Xylem and bark properties influence tree growth and drought resistance, yet their functional coordination and their environmental drivers remain unclear. We assessed xylem-bark coordination in branches of eight temperate woody Rosaceae species spanning different ecological preferences. We quantified xylem hydraulic efficiency and safety alongside bark traits governing permeability, hygroscopic water exchange, water storage, and anatomy, and evaluated phylogenetic signal and climatic associations. Bark water vapor conductance (Gbark) increased with maximum xylem hydraulic conductivity (Kh) and with xylem water potential at 50% loss of conductivity (P50), indicating species with more efficient but more embolism-vulnerable xylem developed more permeable bark. Species with higher Gbark showed reduced hygroscopic absorption time, consistent with faster rehydration from atmospheric water vapor. Both Gbark and P50 were phylogenetically conserved and covaried with climatic factors, namely air temperature, vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and isothermality. Species from warmer, high-VPD climates with greater diurnal temperature variability combined higher bark permeability with more vulnerable xylem, implying a shift from embolism avoidance to embolism tolerance strategies. Overall, xylem and bark hydraulics in Rosaceae evolved in concert along diurnal and annual gradients of evaporative demand, showing that drought resistance in woody angiosperms cannot be understood without considering bark traits alongside xylem function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Jupa, R., Patkova, T., Binter, J., Dolezal, J., Nobis, M. P., Mayr, S., Gloser, V. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.06.730605</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The coordination between xylem and bark hydraulics in temperate Rosaceae species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.07.730737v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evaluating crop models for future climate scenarios: wheat yield predictions using APSIM and STICS under combined CO2, warming, and water deficit conditions 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.07.730737v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Crop models are essential for predicting climate change impacts on agriculture, yet their validation under multi-stress conditions remains limited. This study evaluated two widely-used wheat models, APSIM and STICS, using data from three Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiments (USA, Germany, Australia) combining elevated CO2 (eCO2), water deficit, and warming. Environmental characterisation using simulation-based stress indices revealed that intended "controls" frequently experienced hidden heat and water stress, meaning models were calibrated on crops already undergoing physiological adjustments. Evaluation of simulated yield and components revealed a clear hierarchy in prediction errors (RRMSE): unlimited conditions (3-9%) < single stress (4-27%, with a need to improve response to heat stress) < combined stress (17-123%). Elevated CO2 generally increased prediction uncertainty for crops experiencing water stress. Our results suggest that current stress functions from the models fail to capture the synergistic coupling between drought and heat stress. This highlights the urgent need for more mechanistic modelling to improve the reliability of climate change impact assessments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Severini, A. D., Gawinowski, M., Bancal, M.-O., Launay, M., Deswarte, J.-C., Chenu, K. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.07.730737</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evaluating crop models for future climate scenarios: wheat yield predictions using APSIM and STICS under combined CO2, warming, and water deficit conditions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.09.731087v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Immunoengineered Chitosanase-Produced Chitosan Oligomers for Elevating Plant Resistance to Viral Infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.09.731087v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chitooligomers can act as plant biostimulants or biopesticides, but current chitosan-based agro-biologics often lack sufficient efficacy. This is due to a lack of scalable production processes for structurally well-controlled chitosans combined with a limited understanding of structure-function relationships. Chitosans differ in their degree of polymerization (DP), fraction and pattern of acetylation (FA and PA). While the influence of DP and FA on antimicrobial and phytostimulatory properties is at least partially known, this is not yet the case for PA. PA can be partially controlled by using enzymatic rather than acid hydrolysis for oligomer production. We have used recombinant chitinases and chitosanases to hydrolyse a well-characterised chitosan polymer, and purified oligomers with different DP. We have structurally characterised the products and tested their abilities to protect tobacco from viral disease. Chitinase products were dominated by GlcNAc units at their reducing and non-reducing ends, with GlcN units dominating their centers, and v.v. for chitosanase products. While the chitinase-derived hydrolysates were inactive, the chitosanase-derived oligomers possessed elicitor and priming activities and protected plants from disease, and their activity increased with increasing DP. Clearly, the Bacillus chitosanase used is well-suited to set up a scalable production process for chitosan oligomers with promising agro-biologic properties.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Khanahmadi, S., Singh, R., Ryll, J., Nava Cruz, N. Y., Cord-Landwehr, S., Richter, C., Rafieerad, A., Moerschbacher, B. M. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.09.731087</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Immunoengineered Chitosanase-Produced Chitosan Oligomers for Elevating Plant Resistance to Viral Infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.08.730823v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Clade III HIPP genes encode plasmodesmata-targeted proteins with pleiotropic functions in regulating plant development. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.08.730823v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Heavy metal-associated isoprenylated plant proteins (HIPPs) are encoded by large gene families, which have diversified specifically in vascular plants. Their physiological functions and molecular mode of activity are currently largely unknown. In this study, we characterize a group of phylogenetically closely related genes HIPP32, HIPP33, and HIPP34 in Arabidopsis thaliana, revealing their essential roles in controlling diverse developmental pathways. Through comprehensive genetic analyses, we demonstrate that these genes exhibit partially overlapping pleiotropic functions, influencing multiple aspects of plant growth such as embryogenesis, maintenance of apical meristems, root architecture, shoot branching, leaf morphogenesis and floral organ formation. Transcriptomic profiling of hipp mutants identified significant deregulation in several regulatory pathways involved in plant hormone responses, with a specific impact on auxin signaling processes. Interestingly, we show that the analyzed HIPP proteins localize very specifically to plasmodesmata, suggesting their potential function in regulating intercellular communication in shaping plant development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Leonte, G., Aucapina Belen, C., Weber, H., Bartrina, I., Novak, O., Werner, T., Gorska, A. M. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.08.730823</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Clade III HIPP genes encode plasmodesmata-targeted proteins with pleiotropic functions in regulating plant development.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.10.730826v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
VIRP1 bromodomain shapes nuclear condensate formation and has a positive effect on PSTVd accumulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.10.730826v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
-Viroids are small, non-coding RNAs that rely on host proteins for replication, intracellular trafficking and systemic movement. VIRP1, a Bromodomain and Extra-terminal domain (BET) protein, has previously been implicated in Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) infection, yet its precise role and mode of action remain unresolved. -In this work, we show that VIRP1 is the only Solanaceae BET protein containing a proline-rich domain overlapping the PSTVd-binding site. VIRP1-deficient plants exhibit delayed flowering and increased ABA sensitivity, with differentially expressed genes enriched in stress-related pathways. In parallel, CRISPR/Cas9-generated virp1 mutants and RNAi lines showed increased ABA sensitivity and delayed flowering accompanied by gene expression changes, indicating that VIRP1 is linked to endogenous stress-responsive gene regulation. -VIRP1 forms condensates in planta and in vitro, consistent with phase-separation behaviour. Condensate morphology was altered by PSTVd RNA, by deletion of the intrinsically disordered CTD and by mutations in a conserved bromodomain residue. -Functional assays showed that VIRP1 is particularly important for the early establishment of PSTVd infection, while nuclear localization and bromodomain integrity are required for efficient viroid accumulation. By contrast, the disordered CTD region was dispensable for complementation of PSTVd accumulation. -These results support a model in which VIRP1 acts as a host nuclear factor that links chromatin-related functions, nuclear condensate formation and early viroid infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Bardani, E., Ostendorp, S., Andronis, C., Asch, F., Ostendrop, A., Katsarou, K., Kehr, J., Kalantidis, K. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.10.730826</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[VIRP1 bromodomain shapes nuclear condensate formation and has a positive effect on PSTVd accumulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.09.731143v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ca2+-activated CKL3 phosphorylates nucleoporin 58 to reprogram nuclear transport and execute effector-triggered immunity 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.09.731143v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recognition of pathogen effectors by nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) activates effector-triggered immunity (ETI) in plants through resistosome formation, which generates a sustained cytosolic Ca2+ influx and ultimately leads to programmed cell death (PCD) at infection sites and resistance. However, the mechanisms linking Ca2+ influx to ETI execution remains a major knowledge gap. Using TurboID proximity labeling with the central transport channel nucleoporin 58 (Nup58) as a probe, we show that, instead of deregulation, ETI induction restricts general nuclear trafficking while selectively enhancing nuclear import of defense-related proteins. This switch is driven by elevated cytosolic Ca2+, which binds to the conserved Asp-149 in CASEIN KINASE 1-LIKE 3 (CKL3), promoting its interaction with and phosphorylation of Nup58 at Ser-149, thereby altering nuclear pore selectivity. This study identifies CKL3 and Nup58 as key regulators of ETI by establishing a mechanistic link from resistosome-mediated Ca2+ influx to nuclear transport reprogramming and immune execution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Zhang, X., Reyes, A. V., Karapetyan, S., Xie, Y., Xiang, Y., Xu, S.-L., Dong, X. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.09.731143</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ca2+-activated CKL3 phosphorylates nucleoporin 58 to reprogram nuclear transport and execute effector-triggered immunity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.09.730164v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Astroglial Dysfunction in Models of CDKL5 Deficiency Disorder 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.09.730164v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CDKL5 Deficiency Disorder (CDD) is a rare developmental epileptic encephalopathy typically caused by loss of function variants in the gene encoding the X-linked serine-threonine kinase CDKL5. CDKL5 is highly expressed in the brain during development, and key neuronal functions of the kinase include cytoskeletal organisation and synaptic stability. However, at present, little is known about the function of astroglia in CDD. Given the importance of these cells in synaptic development and homeostasis, as well as dysfunction in other epileptic diseases, it was hypothesised that astrocytes may contribute to CDD pathology. Induced pluripotent stem cells harbouring a CDKL5 loss-of-function mutation (and isogenic controls) were derived from CDD patient fibroblasts and differentiated into astrocytes (iAstros). Analysis of iAstros revealed transcriptomic, proteomic and functional dysregulation in CDKL5-mutant iAstros relating to water transport and immunological function, including a diminished response to TNFa stimulation. Moreover, iAstros showed increased branching and reduced phosphorylation of the known CDKL5 target end-binding protein 2 (EB2) - indicative of disrupted cytoskeletal regulation in a manner similar to CDKL5-null neurons. Finally, we report the generation of novel in vitro models of CDD. CDKL5 was knocked down in adult and foetal human organotypic brain slices through transduction with an AAV encoding a novel CDKL5 shRNA. Slices transduced with the CDKL5 shRNA displayed increased spontaneous network activity, demonstrating the functionality of this model. Importantly, interrogation of these models revealed dysregulation of key astrocytic proteins congruous with the human glial stem cell model. Consequently, this study describes the generation of novel human models of CDD and their associated astrocytic dysfunction paving the way for novel discovery and therapeutic intervention.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Pickering, C., Bakoulina, A., McLeod, F., Pantziarou, A., Seet, Z. Y. A., Saleemi, A., Wu, Y., Clowry, G. J., Cowie, C. J. A., Kinali, M., Mazarakis, N. D. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.09.730164</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Astroglial Dysfunction in Models of CDKL5 Deficiency Disorder]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.05.730443v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Local SNP-explained methylation variation reveals genetically anchored and exposure-associated methylation architecture in the human brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.05.730443v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human brain DNA methylation is shaped by inherited genetic variation and cumulative environmental experience, yet how these influences partition the methylome remains poorly resolved in postmortem cohorts with modest sample sizes and limited ancestral diversity. To map this architecture in an underrepresented population, we analyzed whole-genome bisulfite sequencing and genotype array data from 168 admixed Black American adults from the BrainSEQ consortium across three brain regions. We adapted and benchmarked SNP-based elastic-net modeling to classify variably methylated regions (VMRs) by local SNP-explained methylation variation, an approach that provided stable classification at the modest sample sizes of postmortem brain cohorts, where conventional methods are underpowered. Using this framework, we partitioned 31,143 VMRs into high and low SNP-explained classes and evaluated their generalizability in a multi-ancestry cohort of Black American and non-Hispanic white American donors. High SNP-explained VMRs were concentrated in distal intergenic sequences and, at the highest heritability levels, were enriched for H3K9me3, quiescent/repressive chromatin states and LINE/L1 elements, linking genetically anchored methylation to repeat-associated repressive chromatin across the human brain. A small subset overlapping Activity-by-Contact-defined enhancers was linked to candidate immune-related genes, including MHC class II loci. By contrast, low SNP-explained VMRs were more gene-proximal and enriched for active regulatory elements. Metadata-associated VMRs showed region-, exposure-, and donor-group-dependent enrichment across SNP-explained classes, including substance use and sociodemographic variables. Together, these findings show that the most genetically anchored component of the human brain methylome is concentrated in repressive, repeat-rich chromatin compartments involved in heterochromatin maintenance and repeat silencing, distinct from the gene-proximal, exposure-associated variation less explained by nearby SNPs. By resolving this architecture in an underrepresented population, this work clarifies how inherited variation structures the brain methylome and, given the established role of these compartments in neuronal aging, informs the interpretation of epigenomic mechanisms relevant to neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Bennett, A., Johnson, E. K., Terry, N. N., Hemphill, J., Benjamin, K. J. M. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.05.730443</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Local SNP-explained methylation variation reveals genetically anchored and exposure-associated methylation architecture in the human brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.05.730342v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Promfusion: a synthetic fusion promoter enabling enhanced and balanced photoreceptor transgene expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.05.730342v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Achieving efficient and balanced transgene expression in both rods and cones remains a major challenge in retinal gene therapy. Current promoters either lack specificity or fail to provide sufficient cellular coverage and expression level. To address this limitation, we developed and evaluated two fusion promoters, Pikali and Nocchu, by combining PR1.7, a cone-specific promoter and GRK1, a promoter most active in rods. Here, we show that Pikali and Nocchu outperform their parental promoters, driving broader and more balanced GFP expression in rods and cones of human iPSC-derived retinal organoids. These constructs achieved transduction in 30% to 45% of photoreceptors, with higher expression levels than GRK1 and broader cellular coverage than PR1.7. Our findings establish Pikali and Nocchu as excellent candidates for retinal gene therapy, overcoming the limitations of existing promoters. By combining specificity, efficiency, and extensive photoreceptor targeting, these fusion constructs represent a novel and promising strategy for next-generation gene therapy vectors, addressing inherited retinal dystrophies and advancing clinical translation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Tran, S., Trinquier, J., Van Meter, T., Zin, E. A., Nanteau, C., Riancho, L., Potey, A., Slembrouck-Brec, A., Delmas, M., Ferrari, U., Goureau, O., Dalkara, D. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.05.730342</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Promfusion: a synthetic fusion promoter enabling enhanced and balanced photoreceptor transgene expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.05.730093v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Natural genetic variation spans all predicted Rh5/Rh6 expression phenotypes in Drosophila R8 photoreceptors 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.05.730093v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Standing genetic variation is immediately available to selection, but how broad a range of phenotypes it can produce remains unknown for many traits. Here we address this question using the mutually exclusive Rhodopsin 5 (Rh5) and Rhodopsin 6 (Rh6) expression pattern in Drosophila R8 photoreceptors, a neuronal differentiation readout that permits enumeration of a finite set of predicted qualitative phenotypic changes. Wild flies and wild-derived inbred lines from the Drosophila Genome Reference Panel 2 (DGRP2) showed extensive variation in Rh5/Rh6 expression, including shifts in the relative abundance of Rh5- and Rh6-expressing R8s, Rh5/Rh6 co-expression, and loss of Rh5 or Rh6. Among 205 DGRP2 lines, we observed examples spanning all eight predicted qualitative phenotype categories. We also identified causal coding and regulatory variants, including alleles of sevenless, Rh5 and Rh6, and an intronic deletion in melted. These results show that standing natural variation can span the full predicted range of qualitative phenotypes in this system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Natario, D., Galant, S., Bunker, J., Mormann, B., Viscido, F., Lin, S., Ciliberti, R. E., Dewett, D., Alejevski, F., Theodore, L., Rister, J., Vasiliauskas, D. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.05.730093</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Natural genetic variation spans all predicted Rh5/Rh6 expression phenotypes in Drosophila R8 photoreceptors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.04.730238v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A conserved motif in Pch2 regulates its localization and meiotic function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.04.730238v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pch2 protein is a conserved meiotic AAA+ ATPase whose activity must be tightly regulated to ensure proper chromosome dynamics during meiotic prophase I. Its function relies on remodeling the HORMA-domain protein Hop1, promoting conformational transitions that are essential for chromosome axis organization, checkpoint signaling, and recombination control. Here, we identify threonine 428 (T428), located within a conserved threonine-glutamine (TQ) putative phosphorylation motif, as a critical regulatory residue of Pch2. We found that, in zip1{Delta} cells, the meiotic recombination checkpoint response is partially or completely abolished in the pch2-T428A and pch2-T428D mutants, respectively. Both mutations alter Pch2 subcellular localization, leading to its increased nuclear accumulation; however, forced nuclear exclusion of Pch2-T428A, but not Pch2-T428D, restores the zip1{Delta} meiotic block, indicating an additional effect of the T428D substitution on checkpoint function beyond subcellular distribution. Analysis in synapsis-proficient strains reveals that this residue also plays a critical role in coordinating Hop1 chromosomal enrichment with Mek1 activation along the synaptonemal complex. In contrast to pch2 or the ATPase-defective pch2-E399Q mutant, introduction of a negative charge at the 428 position uncouples Hop1 accumulation from its phosphorylation, preventing Mek1 activation despite robust Hop1 association with meiotic chromosomes. These findings support emerging models in which Pch2 regulates Hop1 to control not only its chromosomal abundance, but also the maintenance of sufficient levels of Hop1 in a phosphorylation-competent conformation, thereby ensuring proper checkpoint signaling and faithful meiotic progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Herruzo, E., Tellez, S., Santos, B., San-Segundo, P. A. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.04.730238</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A conserved motif in Pch2 regulates its localization and meiotic function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.04.727993v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative genomics reveals extensive genomic conservation and limited microdiversification among Xenorhabdus bovienii isolates recovered from a single Steinernema feltiae isolation event. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.04.727993v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Xenorhabdus bovienii is a symbiotic bacterium associated with entomopathogenic nematodes of the genus Steinernema. Comparative genomic analyses of closely related isolates provide an opportunity to investigate fine-scale diversification, genome plasticity, and the evolutionary processes shaping symbiotic bacterial populations. Here, we analyzed four X. bovienii isolates (XenUTI4.1-XenUTI4.4) recovered from a single Steinernema feltiae isolation event using comparative genomics approaches integrating average nucleotide identity (ANI), single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analyses, pangenome reconstruction, biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) prediction, and mobile element-associated annotation screening. Whole-genome comparisons revealed extremely high genomic similarity among isolates, with ANI values exceeding 99.84%. Read-based SNP analyses identified only 23-36 annotated variants relative to the XenUTI4.1 reference genome, indicating limited sequence divergence despite detectable microvariation. Functional annotation of these variants showed that most corresponded to missense or synonymous substitutions affecting a small number of coding sequences. Pangenome analysis identified 4,712 orthologous gene clusters, including a highly conserved core genome of 4,256 clusters (90.3%) shared by all isolates and a relatively small accessory genome comprising 456 clusters. antiSMASH analyses revealed broadly conserved secondary metabolite biosynthetic potential across the four genomes, whereas screening of genome annotations identified abundant phage-related, transposase-associated, and recombination-associated genes consistent with ongoing genome plasticity. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the analyzed X. bovienii isolates represent a highly conserved population exhibiting limited but detectable genomic microdiversification. The coexistence of a large core genome, a modest accessory gene complement, and numerous mobile element-associated functions suggests that localized sequence variation and mobile genetic elements contribute to genomic diversification within S. feltiae-associated X. bovienii populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Peralta, C., Meier, L., Palma, L. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.04.727993</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative genomics reveals extensive genomic conservation and limited microdiversification among Xenorhabdus bovienii isolates recovered from a single Steinernema feltiae isolation event.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.04.730102v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Redox stress agents strongly enhance mutagenesis during horizontal gene transfer in bacteria and leave distinct mutational and metabolic footprints 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.04.730102v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Redox stress induces DNA mutations that contribute to chronic conditions affecting human health and to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Yet, the impact of redox stress-induced mutagenesis remains difficult to decipher because redox agents are diverse and produce hard-to-detect mutational outcomes. Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) provides a useful tool for studying mutagenic effects of redox agents, as it is particularly susceptible to damage and cannot be repaired by most DNA repair pathways. Here, we established a protocol to investigate redox stress-induced mutagenesis based on the Escherichia coli conjugative ssDNA that is transferred from donor to recipient cells. Using the environmentally relevant redox agents, potassium bromate and hydrogen peroxide, we show that the F episome is remarkably sensitive to weak mutagens during conjugation, enabling the detection of significant differences in mutational spectra induced by these agents. We support our findings with metabolomic analysis, which reveals agent-specific responses in E. coli. We compare these results with those obtained using a yeast ssDNA reporter and conclude that redox-induced mutagenesis depends, among other factors, on the metabolic context of the analysed system. These findings have important implications because the high sensitivity of conjugation-associated ssDNA to environmental mutagens may contribute to the evolution of antibiotic resistance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Garcia-Villada, L., Shore, B. A., Kiser, K., Russ, I. G., Gabel, S. A., Mueller, G. A., Degtyareva, N. P., Doetsch, P. W. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.04.730102</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Redox stress agents strongly enhance mutagenesis during horizontal gene transfer in bacteria and leave distinct mutational and metabolic footprints]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.03.730006v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Complementary Insights from Environmental DNA and Environmental RNA Metabarcoding for Marine Biodiversity Assessment Around San Andres Island, Colombia 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.03.730006v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding has become a cornerstone of marine biodiversity monitoring, yet it recovers genetic material irrespective of organism viability and may therefore conflate historical and contemporary community signals. Environmental RNA (eRNA), derived from less stable ribonucleic acid, is hypothesized to be biased toward metabolically active organisms and may provide a more temporally resolved snapshot of living communities. Here we present a paired eDNA/eRNA metabarcoding comparison across a tropical marine seascape, analyzing 19 co-sampled sites spanning coral reefs, mangroves, a seagrass bed, shipwrecks, a cenote, and coastal infrastructure around San Andres Island, Colombia. To our knowledge this is the first in situ, ecosystem-scale paired eDNA/eRNA survey of the broad eukaryotic community across multiple natural habitat types in a tropical marine system, extending mesocosm and freshwater work (e.g., Giroux et al., 2022) to a field setting. Using COI-region amplicon sequencing processed by NatureMetrics, we recovered 1,944 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) across the 19 paired sites. Of these, 1,015 (52.2%) were detected by both approaches, 305 (15.7%) were unique to eDNA, and 624 (32.1%) were unique to eRNA. The eRNA-unique fraction was taxonomically enriched for groups including diatoms (class Bacillariophyceae, phylum Ochrophyta), ciliates, and other protists. Paired Wilcoxon signed-rank tests showed that eRNA recovered significantly higher OTU richness (median 239 vs. 207; W = 36, p = 0.016) and Shannon diversity (median 3.64 vs. 3.38; W = 40, p = 0.026) than eDNA. The mean per-site Jaccard similarity between paired samples was 0.40, indicating substantial turnover in the rare-taxon composition recovered by each method. Principal coordinates analysis of Bray-Curtis dissimilarity showed that habitat type structured abundance-weighted community composition (PERMANOVA F = 2.49, p = 0.001) whereas molecular method did not (F = 1.37, p = 0.107). A PERMDISP test found homogeneous multivariate dispersion between methods (F = 0.01, p = 0.92), reinforcing the absence of a method effect, but significant dispersion heterogeneity among habitats (F = 24.0, p < 0.01), so the habitat result is interpreted with caution. Indicator species analysis identified 73 OTUs significantly associated with one template: eDNA indicators were dominated by dinoflagellates (Dinophyceae) and eRNA indicators by diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) and fungi, consistent with an eRNA bias toward metabolically active microbial eukaryotes. A read-weighted overlap analysis showed that although eRNA-unique OTUs outnumbered eDNA-unique OTUs roughly two to one, the large majority of reads (>95%) fell in shared OTUs, so method-unique detections are predominantly rare taxa. We discuss the complementary value of eRNA for marine monitoring, with the seagrass habitat - where eRNA reduced masking by terrestrial plant material - as the clearest use case, and propose, rather than prescribe, the integration of eRNA into routine programs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Bedingfield, S. K., Vanegas Moreno, C., More, A. F. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.03.730006</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Complementary Insights from Environmental DNA and Environmental RNA Metabarcoding for Marine Biodiversity Assessment Around San Andres Island, Colombia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.07.730676v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Conserved TIR-only proteins drive transcriptional defense and basal immunity in dicot and monocot plants 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.07.730676v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Toll/interleukin-1/resistance (TIR) domain NADase enzymes signal in plant immunity by producing ribosylated nucleotide second messengers which activate EDS1 dimer-helper NLR pathways to restrict pathogen growth. Members of a small, distinctive group of TIR-only proteins are conserved between dicots and monocots, yet their functions remain poorly understood. Here, we show that conserved TIR-only proteins in Arabidopsis and barley share a fundamental enzymatic role in promoting basal defense against virulent filamentous pathogens, independently of NLR mediated effector-triggered immunity. Metabolite analysis of transiently expressed Arabidopsis and barley TIR-only proteins revealed their capacity to produce ribosylated cyclic nucleotides in vivo. By comparing phenotypes of tir-only and eds1 pad4 CRISPR mutants in the two species, as well as adr1 mutants in barley, we established that the TIR-only proteins promote PAMP-triggered transcriptional defenses associated with pathogen restriction. Barley possesses just one essential TIR-only enzyme and mutations of the two conserved TIR-only members in Arabidopsis were not compensated for by numerous other TIR-domain genes in the basal immune response. These findings suggest that conserved TIR-only proteins make a crucial contribution to TIR basal defense signaling networks of Arabidopsis and barley. We propose that a shared function in transcriptional defense regulation could explain the evolutionary retention of this discrete TIR-only group across monocot and dicot lineages.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Laessle, H., Johanndrees, O., Chen, J., Haigis, S., Lee, T., Chen, Y., Liu, L., Song, W., Bautor, J., Jirschitzka, J., Huettel, B., Wan, L., Locci, F., Parker, J. E. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.07.730676</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Conserved TIR-only proteins drive transcriptional defense and basal immunity in dicot and monocot plants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.07.728858v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mapping the genetic landscape of the DNA damage response with Cas12a-based combinatorial knockout screens 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.07.728858v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The DNA damage response (DDR) is a complex network of cellular pathways that ensures the faithful maintenance of our genomes upon a wide array of genomic insults. To elucidate the functional architecture of this network, we conducted unbiased genetic interaction screens using the Cas12a genome editor to disrupt 233 DDR genes frequently mutated in cancer and other genetic diseases, either individually or in pairwise combinations. This approach enabled us to assess the phenotypic effects induced by the disruption of >27,000 DDR gene pair combinations under unperturbed cell growth conditions. From this analysis, we identified over 750 high-confidence positive (buffering) or negative (synthetic lethal/sick) gene-gene interactions, along with multiple connections between previously unlinked DDR pathways and modules, allowing us to define novel aspects of the cellular response to spontaneous, DNA replication-associated DNA damage. Among the identified genetic interactions, we uncovered profound synthetic lethal interactions between genes encoding 1) the translesion polymerase REV1-Pol {zeta} complex and the MCM8-MCM9-HROB DNA helicase complex; 2) Fanconi Anemia (FA) proteins and the mitotic DNA repair factors GEN1, CIP2A, and RHINO; and 3) the DNA translocase SMARCAL1 and components of the FANCM complex, suggesting novel opportunities for targeted therapies in tumors carrying mutations in these genes. Additionally, we identified robust suppressor interactions between the DCLRE1B gene encoding the nuclease APOLLO and the core non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) genes XRCC4, LIG4, and NHEJ1, suggesting that NHEJ impairs the fitness of APOLLO-deficient cells. This work provides a functional map of the DDR network and demonstrates the power of Cas12a-based screens for identifying synthetic lethal and buffering interactions with therapeutic potential.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Hayward, S. B., Vaitsiankova, A., Lama-Diaz, T., Chou, J., Taglialatela, A., Huang, J.-W., Wijesekarahanthi, Y., Heyza, J. R., Leuzzi, G., Chen, C., Wong, N., Lhakhang, T., Fu, X., Buendia, A. L., Gheorghe, V., Anvar, N. E., Schmidt, J. C., Nussenzweig, A., Rabadan, R., Costanzo, V., Guerois, R., Hart, T., Ciccia, A. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.07.728858</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mapping the genetic landscape of the DNA damage response with Cas12a-based combinatorial knockout screens]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.02.729654v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cross Potential Selection for Multiple Traits Considering the Progeny Distribution of Future Inbred Lines in Plant Breeding Programs 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.02.729654v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In plant breeding, it is often necessary to improve a target trait while maintaining other essential traits within desirable ranges. When genetic relationships exist among these traits, improvements in the target trait may lead to undesirable changes in essential traits, complicating cross selections. In such cases, it is critical to select cross-pairs that are expected to produce progeny that satisfy the requirements for all traits. The progeny distribution of each crossing pair can be predicted using the estimated genotypic values and genetic (co)variances of the target and essential traits. By utilizing this distribution, the probability of generating progeny that satisfy predefined trait requirements can be evaluated, allowing a direct comparison of alternative crosses. In this study, we developed Cross Potential Selection for Multiple Traits (CPS-MT), a breeding strategy designed to improve a target trait while maintaining one or more essential traits within desirable ranges. CPS-MT extends the original Cross Potential Selection (CPS) framework to explicitly handle trade-offs between traits under genetic correlations. We evaluated the performance of CPS-MT through simulations involving four types of genetic relationships and two genetic causal factors between traits, resulting in seven scenarios. Across all scenarios, CPS-MT consistently improved the likelihood of obtaining desirable progeny, indicating that CPS-MT provides a practical and effective framework for cross selection under multi-trait constraints in breeding programs.

Article SummaryThis study developed Cross Potential Selection for Multiple Traits (CPS-MT), a new breeding strategy designed to improve a target trait while maintaining one or more essential traits within desirable ranges. CPS-MT evaluates crossing pairs by predicting progeny distributions based on estimated genotypic values and genetic covariances, enabling direct comparison of alternative crosses under multi-trait constraints. Through simulations incorporating four types of genetic relationships and two causal factors (seven scenarios), CPS-MT consistently increased the likelihood of obtaining progeny that satisfied the predefined trait requirement. These results indicate that CPS-MT provides a practical, robust framework for target trait improvement under trait constraints.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Sakurai, K., Moreau, L., Mary-Huard, T., Charcosset, A., Iwata, H. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.02.729654</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cross Potential Selection for Multiple Traits Considering the Progeny Distribution of Future Inbred Lines in Plant Breeding Programs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.03.729750v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gap junctions in the alimentary tract regulate reproductive span in C. elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.03.729750v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aging does not occur uniformly throughout an organism but is instead differentially regulated across distinct physiological systems. In particular, reproductive aging is often temporally distinct from somatic aging and exhibits species-specific trajectories, suggesting that different physiological functions may age independently. Here we show that mutation of inx-20, an innexin family gene encoding a gap junction component, markedly extends reproductive span, with only a minor increase in overall lifespan. Furthermore, this extension of reproductive span persists in a feminized genetic background, thereby precluding the possibility that it is driven by altered sperm dynamics. inx-20 is expressed in a specific subset of cells within the alimentary tract, and its expression is selectively repressed in a fraction of these cells during dauer diapause, suggesting a role in nutrient responses. Genetic analyses suggest that inx-20 operates via a distinct mechanism that does not intersect with the TGF-{beta} and IIS-FOXO pathways, which are established regulators of reproductive span. Collectively, our results suggest that gap junctions in the alimentary tract are a selective determinant of reproductive span, capable of extending it substantially without a commensurate effect on lifespan.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Hidaka, H., Akashi, K., Wang, S., Yamamoto, S., Chinen, T., Hata, S., Fukuyama, M., Kitagawa, D. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.03.729750</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gap junctions in the alimentary tract regulate reproductive span in C. elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.03.729853v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The WormFood CURE: Screening for bioactive metabolites that antagonize the Caenorhabditis elegans Ras signaling pathway 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.03.729853v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Course-based Undergraduate Research Experiences (CUREs) provide an accessible, scalable platform for scientific discovery. Here, we present the WormFood CURE, which mines environmental bacterial isolates for bioactive secondary metabolites using Caenorhabditis elegans phenotype suppression as a functional readout. Utilizing the multivulva (Muv) phenotype, our pilot cohort interrogated 41 wild bacterial isolates for suppression of Ras/MAPK signaling. We identified one Bacillus safensis isolate BAC-08 and one Bacillus altitudinis isolate BAC-44 that significantly inhibited ectopic vulval precursor cell (VPC) induction in Muv strains when fed as a live food source. BAC-08 and BAC-44 also significantly affected wild-type nematode development and growth. Metabolic pathway reconstruction from annotated genome assemblies did not support nutritional deficiency as the potential mechanism; instead, we observed that methanol-soluble intracellular extracts from BAC-44 were sufficient to inhibit pseudovulvae growth. We concluded that the observed Muv suppression is likely driven by a secondary metabolite effect. Comparative genomic analysis further identified unique biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) present in both BAC-08 and BAC-44 isolates compared to the other isolated Bacillus species. Altogether, our study demonstrates that the WormFood CURE model successfully identifies novel bacterial-genetic interactions, providing a scalable platform for discovery of new natural microbial products that modulate conserved eukaryotic signaling pathways.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Washeleski, E., Morrin, E., Parsons, R., Holmstrom, C., Guyer, M. E., Bekkala, A., Goetsch, P. D. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.03.729853</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The WormFood CURE: Screening for bioactive metabolites that antagonize the Caenorhabditis elegans Ras signaling pathway]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
</rdf:RDF>
