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<title>bioRxiv Subject Collection: Genetics Plant Biology</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org</link>
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This feed contains articles for bioRxiv Subject Collection "Genetics Plant Biology"
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<title>bioRxiv</title>
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<link>https://www.biorxiv.org</link>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.08.737280v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Myeloid-Specific Pck1 Deficiency Does Not Alter Aortic Root Atherosclerosis in Mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.08.737280v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Background: We previously performed a strain intercross between atherosclerosis resistant AKR Apoe-/- mice and atherosclerosis sensitive DBA/2 Apoe-/- mice and identified the Ath28 quantitative trait locus (QTL) on the distal end of chromosome 2. Congenic strain fine mapping identified the Ath28.1 QTL atherosclerosis modifying subregion, encompassing 217 Kb, containing for only three protein-coding genes, Zbp1, Pck1, and Pmepa1, encoding respectively, Z-DNA binding protein 1, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1, and prostate transmembrane protein androgen induced 1. Methods: The effect of macrophage-specific knockout of Pck1 (KO) was tested using the AAV2 transduced proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) overexpression mouse model of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. Results: Unexpectedly, macrophage Pck1 deficiency lowered body weight, liver weight, and HDL-cholesterol levels in both sexes, while total and non-HDL cholesterol levels were only decreased in male mice. Aortic root lesion area and necrotic lesion area were unchanged in KO mice of both sexes. Conclusion: Pck1 was not confirmed as an atherosclerosis modifier gene.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Han, J., Opoku, E., Smith, J. D. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.08.737280</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Myeloid-Specific Pck1 Deficiency Does Not Alter Aortic Root Atherosclerosis in Mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.07.737111v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Driver-independent lexAop-tdTomato.nls reporter signal in the adult Drosophila proventriculus 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.07.737111v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Reporters are widely used in Drosophila genetics to visualize gene expression and cell lineages. However, uncharacterized limitations in specific reporter lines can lead to data misinterpretation. Here, we identify a consistent, driver-independent tdTomato signal in the adult proventriculus from the widely used lexAop-tdTomato.nls reporter line. This signal was observed across multiple lexA driver combinations and was directly detectable in lexAop-tdTomato.nls responder-alone adult proventriculi lacking any lexA driver and without antibody staining. In contrast, no comparable native red fluorescence was detected in larval proventriculi under the same no-antibody imaging condition. Mouse and rabbit anti-RFP immunostaining further supported the presence of proventriculus-associated tdTomato/RFP antigen in adult responder-alone animals. In larval responder-alone proventriculi, antibody-amplified staining was antibody-source-dependent: a detectable signal was observed only with rabbit anti-RFP, whereas mouse and rat anti-RFP produced no reliable detectable signal under the same staining condition. A driver-matched comparison using lexAop-RFP.nls did not reproduce the proventricular signal, arguing against detectable ectopic activity of the tested lexA driver in this tissue. However, because lexAop-tdTomato.nls and lexAop-RFP.nls differ in reporter/transgene architecture and possibly genomic insertion context, the underlying cause cannot be assigned specifically to the lexAop sequence. Our findings highlight the necessity of including driver-negative and no-antibody controls when using this reporter line in adult Drosophila proventriculus and gut studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Zhou, X., Zhang, T., Kim, W. J. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.07.737111</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Driver-independent lexAop-tdTomato.nls reporter signal in the adult Drosophila proventriculus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.07.737069v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A genetically buffered helicase network promotes tolerance of G-quadruplex stabilization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.07.737069v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
G-quadruplexes (G4s) are non-canonical DNA secondary structures that can impede DNA replication and transcription and provoke genome instability, and DNA helicases of the PIF1 and RecQ families have long been regarded as the principal enzymes that resolve them. To directly test the relative contributions of these families, we measured the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae helicase mutants in the presence of the G4-stabilizing ligand pyridostatin (PDS). Unexpectedly, no single PIF1- or RecQ-family mutant was sensitized to PDS relative to wild type. Sensitivity emerged only in double mutants, and it did so for combinations both within a single family and across the two families. This pattern indicates that G4 tolerance is buffered by the combined, partially interchangeable, activity of multiple helicases rather than by any one family. To ask whether this redundancy extends beyond the canonical players, we tested two additional helicases whose human orthologs are implicated in G4 metabolism: Chl1 (DDX11/ChlR1) and Srs2 (RTEL1). Loss of Chl1 alone did not sensitize cells, and chl1 combined with PIF1- or RecQ-family mutations recapitulated the redundancy pattern with one informative exception: chl1 hrq1 remained PDS-tolerant, placing Chl1 and Hrq1 in a shared genetic route. In contrast, srs2 was the sole single mutant sensitized to PDS, defining a non-redundant requirement that no other helicase compensates. We integrate these results into a two-layer model in which a redundant helicase pool resolves G4-associated genomic stress, while a non-redundant Srs2 function manages its recombinogenic consequences. Our findings reframe G4 maintenance from a family-specific activity into a distributed, buffered network.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Gray, S. J., Bochman, M. L. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.07.737069</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A genetically buffered helicase network promotes tolerance of G-quadruplex stabilization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.07.737025v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrating Bottleneck Size into Selection Tests for Biological Diversity Data 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.07.737025v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Population bottlenecks profoundly shape genetic diversity, but distinguishing stochastic drift from selective pressure requires precise estimation and accounting for bottleneck size. While deep-sequencing data enable inference via frameworks like beta-binomial modeling, integrating these estimates directly into selection tests remains a critical challenge. In this study, based on existing computational approaches, we propose a new method that explicitly incorporates bottleneck size estimates into neutrality tests for biological diversity data. Designed for variant frequency data, our framework accounts for sequencing errors and sampling biases to improve the precision and interpretability of selection signature detection. We validate this framework using previously published Streptococcus pneumoniae in vivo experimental data, successfully replicating established fitness results, while uncovering novel genes relevant to infection and pathogenesis. This integrated new model with explicit bottleneck effects narrows down the set of candidate genes under selection and provides a robust, generalizable tool for disentangling drift from selection across a wide range of biological systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Le, T. M. T., Gjini, E. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.07.737025</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrating Bottleneck Size into Selection Tests for Biological Diversity Data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.06.736905v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Shifts in Genetic Diversity of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 2 in Vietnam Before and After African Swine Fever: Increased Diversity and Novel Sub-lineages 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.06.736905v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 (PRRSV-2) remains one of the most important transboundary pathogens affecting swine production in Vietnam; however, it remains poorly understood how long-term evolutionary dynamics were impacted by the African swine fever (ASF) epidemic, a period of time where swine population demographics and movement were heavily perturbed. We investigated the molecular epidemiology, evolutionary history, and phylogeographic dynamics of PRRSV-2 circulating in Vietnam between 2007 and 2024 by integrating 366 Vietnamese ORF5 sequences with a globally curated lineage reference. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic, Bayesian phylodynamic, and discrete phylogeographic analyses revealed that the Vietnamese PRRSV-2 population underwent substantial reshaping after the ASF epidemic, shifting from a predominantly endemic sub-lineage L8E population to a genetically diverse viral community comprising multiple established and newly emerging sub-lineages. Despite these epidemiological changes, the endemic sub-lineage L8E population maintained a relatively stable evolutionary rate across the pre- and post-ASF periods, suggesting that ASF reshaped viral population structure rather than intrinsic evolutionary dynamics. Two previously unclassified viral clusters circulating in Vietnam and Thailand fulfilled all criteria for formal designation and were recognized as the novel sub-lineages L1M and L10B by the International PRRSV-2 Nomenclature Consortium. Phylogeographic reconstruction further demonstrated contrasting transmission patterns among major sub-lineages, including long-term endemic persistence of L8E, repeated unidirectional introductions of sub-lineages L1M and L10B from Thailand, and bidirectional transpacific dissemination of sub-lineage L1A linking Southeast Asia and North America. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the ASF epidemic coincided with a fundamental reshaping of the PRRSV-2 epidemiological landscape in Vietnam while revealing Southeast Asia as an active center of ongoing viral diversification. This study provides an updated evolutionary framework for PRRSV-2 surveillance and highlights the importance of continuous genomic monitoring and regional collaboration for the early detection and control of emerging transboundary variants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Nguyen, T. C., Pamornchainavakul, N., Herrera da Silva, J. P., Thanawongnuwech, R., VanderWaal, K. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.06.736905</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Shifts in Genetic Diversity of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 2 in Vietnam Before and After African Swine Fever: Increased Diversity and Novel Sub-lineages]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.10.737713v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interspecific transfer of specialized metabolites in root exudates coincides with root chromatin regulation and systemic chemical defenses in rice 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.10.737713v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Benzoxazinoids are a paradigmatic class of indole-derived specialized metabolites released into the soil through root exudates and originally studied for their allelopathic and toxic effects on neighboring plants, herbivores, and microorganisms. They are now recognized as regulators of diverse plant-organism interactions, with beneficial effects such as in microbiome-mediated resistance to pathogens in plant successions. However, the mechanisms by which benzoxazinoid-containing root exudates contribute to pathogen control beyond microbiome structuring remain unclear. Here, using an agriculturally relevant rice-maize co-culture system, we show that benzoxazinoids naturally exuded by maize roots are taken up by rice roots and are associated with reduced rice blast disease in leaves. This protection occurs without detectable benzoxazinoids accumulation, constitutive immune activation, or growth penalty in rice leaves. Instead, maize-derived benzoxazinoids uptake in rice roots is associated with chromatin hyperacetylation at, and increased expression of key phenylpropanoid biosynthetic genes, and broad metabolome reconfiguration. These effects extend systemically to leaves, where rice establishes a defense-related chemical state distinct from systemic acquired resistance as observed in benzoxazinoid-dependent, microbiome-mediated plant-soil feedbacks. Our findings support a model in which specialized metabolites released through root exudation by one crop species can be acquired by a neighboring species and trigger chromatin-associated metabolic reprogramming linked to systemic chemical defenses. This work provides a molecular framework connecting plant-plant interaction, root exudates, chromatin regulation, systemic chemical defense, and disease susceptibility, opening new perspectives for exploiting natural plant-plant chemical interactions in sustainable and resilient agroecosystems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ MATHIEU, L., PELISSIER, R., BENAMEUR, I., PONCELET, N., ROCHEPEAU, A., Rouveyrol, C., Petriacq, P., MOREL, J.-B., Meteignier, L.-V. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.10.737713</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interspecific transfer of specialized metabolites in root exudates coincides with root chromatin regulation and systemic chemical defenses in rice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.10.737476v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hormone-dependent receptor docking controls calcium channel activity in plants 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.10.737476v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The phytohormone auxin is a central coordinator of plant growth and development. Besides its canonical effect on gene transcription auxin triggers an ultra-rapid calcium ion influx that initiates the root gravitropic response. The nature of the so-called rapid auxin pathway connecting the AFB1 auxin receptor and plasma membrane calcium channels remained unknown. Here, we show that auxin induces the direct interaction of the AFB1 receptor with the CNGC14 calcium channel. As the AFB1 receptor is independent of the ubiquitin ligase complex, the auxin-induced interaction translates into relocalization of the receptor to the plasma membrane. We identify the interaction interface and provide evidence that the docking of the receptor to the channel complex activates Ca2+ influx and triggers growth inhibition. These findings position a calcium channel as an unprecedented component of the AFB1 auxin receptor complex. The ligand-dependent localization shift of a TIR1/AFB family receptor represents a novel paradigm in signal transduction and opens the possibility of unforeseen branches of auxin signaling pathways.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Brykov, V., Huffer, L., Medvecka, E., Korec Podmanicka, T., Kocourkova, D., Levenets, L., Harant, K., Schmidtova, M., Dubey, S. M., Krtkova, J., Kulich, I., Pleskot, R., Oulehlova, D., Fendrych, M. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.10.737476</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hormone-dependent receptor docking controls calcium channel activity in plants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.10.737675v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stomatal movement in Arabidopsis is driven by guard cell-localized and copper-insensitive CSD1 splice variant 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.10.737675v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient whose bioavailability is strongly affected by soil physicochemical properties. During evolution, plants have developed mechanisms to flexibly adjust their metabolism to Cu status. Superoxide dismutases (SODs), including Cu/ZnSOD1 (CSD1) and FeSOD1 (FSD1), are key antioxidant enzymes regulated in Cu dependent manner in Arabidopsis thaliana. Examination of CSD1 cellular distribution and activity revealed that CSD1 is a nuclear and cytosolic SOD whose abundance and activity respond to Cu availability inversely to FSD1. Combined microscopic and biochemical analyses of Cu-dependent dynamics revealed that, unlike FSD1, CSD1 localization in guard cells (GCs) remains independent of Cu availability. CSD1 escapes miR398-mediated regulation in GCs through a cell type-specific splice variant (CSD1.2) that carries an altered miR398-binding site. In silico analyses indicate that this mechanism is also present in crop species. Functionally, the csd1 mutant showed reduced sensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closure, a phenotype rescued by reintroducing CSD1. Biochemical and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level analyses indicate that CSD1.2 most likely acts independently of its canonical enzymatic activity in GCs and functions upstream of the ROS burst in the ABA signaling pathway. Together, we present a novel, cell-type-specific mechanism that safeguards ABA-driven stomatal closure under fluctuating Cu supply.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Tsinyk, M., Hlavackova, K., Ovecka, M., Rehak, J., Sojka, J., Spundova, M., Kucerova, Z., Samaj, J., Takac, T., Dvorak, P. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.10.737675</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stomatal movement in Arabidopsis is driven by guard cell-localized and copper-insensitive CSD1 splice variant]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.10.737699v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In vivo imaging uncovers an abundant but rarely active pool of plant ARP2/3 complexes associated with exocyst complex subunit 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.10.737699v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ARP2/3 complex generates branched actin networks that regulate membrane dynamics across eukaryotes. In plants, ARP2/3 is activated primarily by the WAVE/SCAR complex and is essential for cell morphogenesis, yet its spatiotemporal behavior in living cells remains poorly understood. Using high-resolution microscopy, we show that, in addition to the previously reported stable accumulation of WAVE/SCAR at three-way cell junctions and of WAVE/SCAR and ARP2/3 at peroxisomes, the subunits of both complexes are also present in the cortical cytoplasm in the form of dynamic, and short-lived assemblies with an average lifetime in order of seconds. Genetic and colocalization analyses demonstrated that only a minority of observed complexes are fully assembled and active, indicating the presence of a large pool of partially assembled or inactive structures. Cytoskeletal inhibitors revealed that microtubules influence foci density, whereas actin primarily affects their dynamics, suggesting coordinated regulation between cytoskeletal systems. Importantly, our analysis demonstrated a spatial and functional association between dynamic ARP2/3 foci and exocytotic events at the plasma membrane.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Jelinkova, B., Voloshina, M., Liebezeit, K., Krtkova, J., Garcia-Gonzalez, J., Vosolsobe, S., Harmanec, A., Kollarova, E., Baquero Forero, A., Petrasek, J., Schwarzerova, K. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.10.737699</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In vivo imaging uncovers an abundant but rarely active pool of plant ARP2/3 complexes associated with exocyst complex subunit]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.10.737686v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Computational design of de novo integrated domains enables rational control of pathogen effector recognition in plant NLR immune receptors. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.10.737686v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The rapid evolution of plant pathogens poses a persistent threat to global agricultural sustainability, often outpacing the discovery and deployment of natural disease resistance genes. While bioengineering of plant intracellular immune receptors (NLRs) offers a potential solution, developing bespoke immune recognition remains constrained by the laborious characterisation of natural receptors and plant-pathogen interactions. Here, we describe a programmable framework that leverages generative AI protein design tools, RFdiffusion and ProteinMPNN, to design de novo integrated domains (IDs) against diverse pathogen effectors. By integrating these bespoke binders into the modular rice blast Pik-1/Pik-2 NLR receptor chassis, we successfully engineer recognition of a non-cognate virulence factor (effector) from the Panama disease pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4. Functional assays in Nicotiana benthamiana demonstrate that these de novo domains facilitate specific effector perception and initiate immune signalling, while structural and biophysical analyses confirm that de novo integrated domains maintain high structural fidelity to the initial designs and associate with their targets via the predicted interaction interfaces. Additionally, our findings provide orthogonal evidence for the role of integrated domains in regulation of NLR signalling, demonstrating integration of de novo IDs can either trigger autoactivity or, in some cases, lead to effector-mediated repression of cell death. By decoupling immune perception from natural evolutionary history through deploying AI-designed sensory domains, this work establishes a design-lead framework for generation of programmable plant immune receptors, providing a new avenue for bioengineering crops against emerging pathogens.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Xi, Y., Bucknell, A. H., Watson, J. L., Maqbool, A., Bennett, J. W., Goreshnik, I., Vafeados, D., Garcia Sanchez, M., Knight, G., Zdrzalek, R., Rodney, C. A., Saado, I., Stone, C. E., Turley, E. K., Yu, D. S., Gentle, A., Ryder, L. S., Yan, X., Were, V., Heddle, J. G., Baker, D., Emmrich, P. M. F., Talbot, N. J., Banfield, M. J., Bentham, A. R. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.10.737686</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Computational design of de novo integrated domains enables rational control of pathogen effector recognition in plant NLR immune receptors.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.06.736846v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Drosophila beanbag (beba) encodes a novel insect receptor tyrosine kinase associated with reproductive niche organisation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.06.736846v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are cell surface proteins that govern many critical cell fate decisions and their dysregulation is a major cause of diseases such as cancer. Much of what we know about how these proteins work in cells and tissues comes from model organisms such as the fruit fly Drosophila. Here, we identify and characterise a previously unstudied Drosophila receptor tyrosine kinase encoded by CG3277, which we name beanbag (beba). Ectopic beba expression activated Akt and ERK phosphorylation and produced gain-of-function phenotypes resembling those caused by other Drosophila RTKs. Using a MiMIC-derived T2A-GAL4 allele, we show that Drosophilabeba is expressed in digestive, nervous and reproductive systems, in locations suggestive of potential roles in endoreplication and/or stem cell niche support. Animals transheterozygous for beba loss-of-function alleles were viable, developed at a normal rate, and showed no detectable change in enterocyte DNA content under standard conditions. However, beba loss-of-function females had fewer ovarioles, consistent with a role in the ovarian terminal filament, and males had increased testis hub cell number and hub volume, suggesting beba may regulate somatic niche architecture in the Drosophila gonad. Phylogenetic analysis places Beba within a Ret/Tor-related RTK radiation and supports the existence of a distinct Beba family in insects. Together, our data define Beba as a lineage-restricted Drosophila RTK with specialised roles in reproductive niche organisation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Mele, S., Bright, S., Kerton, E., Johnson, T. K. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.06.736846</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Drosophila beanbag (beba) encodes a novel insect receptor tyrosine kinase associated with reproductive niche organisation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.05.736605v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An integrative single-cell and spatial transcriptomics atlas highlights candidate regulatory factors in the development of gerbera capitulum 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.05.736605v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In Asteraceae species, the capitulum is a compact inflorescence, featuring a characteristic reproductive structure. Despite the identification of a few key regulatory factors, the transcriptome-level information on the developing capitulum remains limited. Here, we applied single-cell and spatial transcriptome sequencing to investigate the developing Gerbera hybridas capitulum during floret differentiation. We obtained a transcriptomics atlas encompassing different stages of the Gerbera capitulum and analyzed the cellular and spatial dynamics of gene expression. Using marker gene expression and GO enrichment of cluster-specific DEGs, we annotated putative cell types and described changes in gene expression across sampled stages, potentially associated with ongoing developmental processes. We detected activity of previously undescribed MADS-box genes and defined their spatial expression patterns. Notably, the MADS-box gene GAGL12 was found to be enriched in the putative capitulum phloem cells. The GAGL12 protein was shown in yeast two-hybrid assays to interact with several other MADS-domain proteins with hypothesized functions in vasculature development, and further detailed in silico analyses supported a candidate role in the development of capitulum vasculature. Altogether, we provide integrative and dynamic transcriptomic insight into capitulum and floret development and lay a basis for future functional studies of the control and development of this intriguing reproductive structure.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Gao, Y., Li, F., Jin, C., de Ridder, D., Immink, R., Sun, Y., Hu, P., Cao, Y., Shao, H., van Dijk, A. D. J., Wang, J. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.05.736605</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An integrative single-cell and spatial transcriptomics atlas highlights candidate regulatory factors in the development of gerbera capitulum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.03.736435v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AgroGem: A Rapid and Scalable Transient Transformation System for Functional Genetics in Multiple Plant Species 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.03.736435v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plant genetic transformation technologies are essential for functional genomics and genome engineering in plants. While transient expression systems offer a rapid alternative to stable transformation, existing platforms are often constrained by low efficiency, technical complexity, and limited scalability. Here, we developed AgroGem, an efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation system utilizing a geminiviral replicon-based T-DNA vector for Arabidopsis and Brassicaceae species. AgroGem significantly outperformed existing transient approaches, including AGROBEST and protoplast-based assays, in CRISPR-mediated editing efficiency. Moreover, AgroGem recapitulated the mutation spectra and chromatin accessibility-dependent editing patterns observed in stable transformation across both Cas9 and Cas12a systems, indicating that it captures genome editing outcomes in native chromatin contexts. Leveraging this capability, we performed high-resolution profiling of CRISPR-induced mutation outcomes across a panel of DNA repair mutants and identified distinct repair signatures, including unexpected roles for KU80 and XRCC4 in regulating non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). AgroGem also supported bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays for protein-protein interaction studies in Arabidopsis and was readily adapted to plate-based formats for high-throughput applications. Together, these results establish AgroGem as a robust, scalable, and versatile platform for genome editing, DNA repair analysis, and functional genetics in plants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Guo, S., Schlegel, O., Kumar, J., Myers, Z., Kianian, S., Greenham, K., Zhang, F. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.03.736435</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AgroGem: A Rapid and Scalable Transient Transformation System for Functional Genetics in Multiple Plant Species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.03.736291v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Diversity Assessment with SNP, SSR, AFLP, and RAPD Markers in Plants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.03.736291v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundDNA-based molecular markers underpin plant genetic diversity assessment, germplasm characterisation, and conservation prioritisation. Four marker systems dominate the field: Amplified Fragment Length polymorphisms (AFLPs), simple sequence repeats (SSRs), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs). No quantitative meta-analysis had pooled their performance on the canonical diversity metrics: polymorphism information content (PIC), expected heterozygosity (He), and resolution power, across plants. Existing reviews are narrative, marker-restricted, or qualitatively conclusive of infeasibility.

MethodsA PRISMA 2020-compliant systematic review (registered at the Open Science Framework) was executed. Eligible studies were within-study paired comparisons genotyping the same accession panel with at least two of {SNP, SSR, AFLP, RAPD} and reporting at least one diversity metric. Effect sizes were paired standardised mean differences (Hedges g) computed under the Bernoulli-variance approximation. Random-effects REML meta-analysis used metafor 5.0.1 with Knapp-Hartung adjustment, leave-one-out, and r-sensitivity.

ResultsFifteen within-study paired contrasts were eligible, distributed across three pools. Pool 2 (SSR vs SNP, He, k = 5) yielded a pooled Hedges g of 0.494 (95% CI: -0.078 to 1.066, p = 0.075; I{superscript 2} = 90.2%; 95% PI [-0.82, 1.81]). SSRs exceeded SNPs on He in 4 of 5 studies; leave-one-out removal of the panel-size-asymmetric outlier raised the estimate to g = 0.644 (p = 0.025). Pool 3a (dominant-marker stratum, k = 6) yielded g = 0.419 (95% CI: -0.121 to 0.960, p = 0.103; I{superscript 2} = 56.5%); five of six contrasts showed SSR or AFLP exceeding RAPD on per-locus PIC. Pool 1 (PIC, k = 3, exploratory) gave a consistent direction (g = 0.453). All three pools point in the same direction: codominant or AFLP markers carry more per-locus information than the alternative being compared.

ConclusionsSSR markers reported higher per-locus diversity than SNP and RAPD markers in plant within-study paired comparisons, mechanistically grounded in the SNP biallelic ceiling and the multi-allelic richness of SSRs. The effect attenuated or reversed in selfing/low-diversity panels and at the per-panel level when SNP panels exceeded approximately 1 000 loci. RAPDs show the lowest per-locus information content of the four classes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Olagunju, Y. O., Olawuyi, O. J. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.03.736291</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Diversity Assessment with SNP, SSR, AFLP, and RAPD Markers in Plants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.09.737548v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Synthetic iminosugar monomers change global metabolic pathways and chitin biosynthesis in Thalassiosira rotula 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.09.737548v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
- Thalassiosira rotula produces extracellular chitin fibers of interest for material science. Tailored monomeric iminosugars, designed as substrate analogues for carbohydrate-active enzymes, unexpectedly elongate these fibers in vivo, yet their impact on chitin metabolism remains unclear. - T.rotula was exposed to three L-isoleucine-derived iminosugar analogues immediately before cell division, when chitin fibers are produced. RNA-sequencing, combined with differential expression and pathway enrichment analyses, as well as transcriptome mining for chitin-related genes was performed. - Gene mining identified 84 chitin-associated genes (including 42 chitin synthases). Two iminosugars globally repressed carbohydrate- and energy-related pathways including photosynthesis, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and Calvin cycle while simultaneously inducing ribosome biogenesis. ImOH specifically downregulated 29 chitin-related genes, including two strongly repressed chitinases and a {beta}-N-acetylhexosaminidase. - Tailored monomeric chitin-modulating iminosugars not only alter chitin fiber length but also trigger a broad metabolic shift from carbohydrate synthesis toward ribosome biogenesis, indicative of a cellular stress response to non-metabolizable iminosugars.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Ludwig, J., Watzenborn, T., Laschat, S., Weiss, I. M. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.09.737548</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Synthetic iminosugar monomers change global metabolic pathways and chitin biosynthesis in Thalassiosira rotula]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.10.737652v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural Mapping of the EIN2-EIN3 Interaction Core and Its Integration with ENAP1 in Ethylene Signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.10.737652v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ethylene regulates diverse developmental processes, yet the molecular function of its central regulator, ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 2 (EIN2), has remained unclear. Although EIN2 nuclear import is mediated by the Importin-/{beta} pathway, the molecular events initiated by EIN2 after nuclear entry were unknown. Here we show that EIN2 directly engages the transcription factor EIN3, establishing a mechanistic link between EIN2 nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activity. Microscale thermophoresis, yeast two-hybrid analysis and in planta FLIM-FRET consistently support this interaction. Domain mapping identifies EIN3 residues 86-173 as the core EIN2-binding region, and structural modeling refines the interface to a conserved segment within residues 86-120 that contacts a conserved region near the N-terminus of the EIN2-CEND fragment. In planta, EIN2 residues 1042-1214 are sufficient for EIN3 binding, revealing multiple interaction-competent surfaces with distinct affinities. The chromatin-associated protein ENAP1 also binds EIN2 and competes with EIN3, indicating a dynamic, concentration-dependent regulatory mechanism rather than a stable ternary complex. These findings define the molecular basis of the EIN2-EIN3 interaction and provide a mechanistic framework for EIN2-dependent transcriptional control in ethylene signaling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Wynen, F., Thiele, M., Hettesheimer, M., Eberle, R. J., Maika, J. E., Simon, R., Groth, G. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.10.737652</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural Mapping of the EIN2-EIN3 Interaction Core and Its Integration with ENAP1 in Ethylene Signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.09.737558v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genic Position and Methylation Context Shape DNA Methylation-Expression Relationships in Rice Internode Development 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.09.737558v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Elongating rice internodes present a developmental gradient from dividing meristem to mature cells, providing an elegant pseudo-time course for study of plant vegetative development. We tested the hypothesis that DNA methylation regulates gene expression during rice internode development by integrating RNA-seq and bisulfite DNA sequencing across eight internode segments. Previously described topologically associated chromatin domain borders aligned with transcription start sites of constitutive expressed genes. CpG and CHG differential methylation was enriched in young segments, consistent with maintenance methylation; whereas CHH methylation showed similar differential abundance in young and old segments. CHH and CHG methylation in upstream regions, CpG methylation within gene bodies, and any methylation in 5' and 3' untranslated regions were permissive of moderate to high gene expression. Very low expression was associated with CpG methylation upstream, CHG and CHH methylation within gene bodies, and CpG and CHG methylation downstream. A nonrandom subset of genes, including cell wall-related glycoside hydrolases, lignin and tricin biosynthesis enzymes, and WD40 proteins, showed methylation-expression correlations, with expression changes enriched in triple-marked elements. These results suggest that internode phenotypes of DNA methylation machinery mutants relate to alteration of specific target genes, opening approaches for grass culm improvement for lodging resistance and biomass production.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Nonavinakere Chandrakanth, N., McGowan, M. T., Gaitan, N., Lin, F., Ng, V., Lipzen, A., Singh, V., Daum, C., Yoshinaga, Y., Li, S., Su, L., Xu, D., Ficklin, S., Duitama, J., Bartley, L. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.09.737558</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genic Position and Methylation Context Shape DNA Methylation-Expression Relationships in Rice Internode Development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.10.737680v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Text guidance is powerful but prompt-sensitive for weakly-supervised leaf symptom segmentation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.10.737680v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurate segmentation of plant disease symptoms is essential for crop monitoring and phenotyping, yet it typically requires costly pixel-level annotations. Weakly supervised semantic segmentation (WSSS) alleviates this burden using image-level labels, but its performance depends on the quality of spatial priors such as class activation maps (CAMs). We investigate whether text-guided segmentation with the Segment Anything Model 3 (SAM3) can serve as an alternative weak supervision signal. Three pseudo-mask generation strategies are compared: (i) CAMs refined with SAM or SAM3, (ii) zero-shot text-guided SAM3, and (iii) a hybrid approach combining weak spatial cues with text prompts. The resulting pseudo-masks are used to train a DeepLabV3 model. Text guidance alone matches or outperforms conventional WSSS, achieving up to 0.46 IoU without spatial supervision and 0.61 IoU on a public dataset, although performance is sensitive to text prompt formulation. The hybrid strategy improves robustness, reaching 0.50 IoU on the primary dataset and 0.58 IoU on the additional dataset while reducing prompt sensitivity. Overall, text guidance is a promising alternative to conventional weak supervision, while hybrid approaches provide a more robust solution for plant disease segmentation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Dubois, R., Bousset, L., Jumel, S., Leclerc, M., Parisey, N., Joly, A. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.10.737680</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Text guidance is powerful but prompt-sensitive for weakly-supervised leaf symptom segmentation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.10.737683v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Near-Gapless and Haplotype-Resolved Capsella Genomes Enable Investigation into Genomic Consequences of Mating System Shifts 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.10.737683v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The shift from outcrossing to self-fertilization is a common evolutionary transition in flowering plants. The genus Capsella, comprising the obligate outcrosser C. grandiflora and two self-fertile species, C. rubella and C. orientalis, provides a powerful system to explore genomic consequences of mating system shifts. Despite its utility, existing genomic resources in Capsella are fragmented, incomplete, and particularly deficient in repetitive genomic regions, hindering the study of transposable element (TE) dynamics and gene annotation. Here, we present high-quality, chromosome-scale, near-gapless genome assemblies for C. grandiflora, C. rubella, and C. orientalis. Leveraging these improved genomes, we created high-quality genomic resources for the Capsella genus by performing comprehensive, de novo annotations of protein-coding genes and TEs. Comparative genomic analysis among these species reveals differences in TE abundance, position, and production of small RNAs. These resources provide an unprecedented opportunity to explore how mating system transitions influence genome architecture, TE behavior, and gene evolution. This research also developed a static online platform for Capsella genomic resources, Capsella Database (CapBase, www.capsella.uk), to support community use of these resources. Our findings advance understanding of the genomic impacts of selfing and establish a robust foundation for future research into genomics, epigenomics, and evolutionary biology within Capsella and related plant systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Chen, H., Emmerson, R., Mosher, R. A. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.10.737683</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Near-Gapless and Haplotype-Resolved Capsella Genomes Enable Investigation into Genomic Consequences of Mating System Shifts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.06.736845v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Drosophila FET orthologue Cabeza is an essential cofactor for ETV4-mediated activation of GGAA microsatellite neoenhancers 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.06.736845v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The conversion of transcriptionally silent GGAA microsatellites (GGAASats) into functional enhancers by FET::ETS oncogenic fusions is a hallmark of Ewing sarcoma. However, emerging evidence implicates non-fused, full-length oncogenic ETS transcription factors in activating these repeats in other malignancies. Evaluating the in vivo transcriptional requirements of various human ETS factors in Drosophila, we found that human ETV4 uniquely binds and robustly activates GGAASats in a tissue-specific manner. This activation is strongly inhibited by the human ETS repressor ETV6. Taking advantage of low genetic redundancy in Drosophila, we identified Cabeza (Caz), the single fly FET orthologue, as a necessary cofactor for ETV4-mediated transcription at GGAASats. Conversely, EWS::FLI1-mediated transcriptional activation of GGAASats is entirely independent of endogenous Caz, highlighting the distinct mechanics of covalent tethering versus non-covalent physical complexes. Collectively, our findings provide definitive in vivo evidence that non-fused ETS factors cooperate with endogenous FET proteins to drive transcription from silent GGAA repeats, mechanistically validating this regulatory transformation known to operate as an oncogenic mechanism beyond Ewing sarcoma.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Molnar, C., Reina, J., Mora, J., Gonzalez, C. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.06.736845</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Drosophila FET orthologue Cabeza is an essential cofactor for ETV4-mediated activation of GGAA microsatellite neoenhancers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.06.736668v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A tunable receptor separates root barrier formation from nutrient signaling through ligand-perception states 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.06.736668v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In roots, the endodermis controls nutrient entry by forming a barrier known as the Casparian strip1-3. Yet how barrier-associated processes interface with systemic signaling remains unclear. Here, we show that the receptor kinase SCHENGEN3 links local barrier surveillance to systemic nutrient signaling, with outputs that depend on the effective state of ligand perception. Unlike in Arabidopsis thaliana, SCHENGEN3 activation in Lotus japonicus requires a distinct cellular competence state and cannot be triggered by exogenous ligands alone, revealing evolutionary divergence in pathway deployment. Cross-species complementation uncouples systemic nitrogen signaling from Casparian strip formation, while transcriptomic and phosphoproteomic analyses reveal largely non-overlapping signaling- and barrier-associated programs that differ between agar and agricultural soil conditions. Mechanistically, receptor-ligand comparisons, engineered receptor variants, and co-receptor mutant analyses show that systemic nitrogen signaling is retained in receptor-perception states that are insufficient to support full Casparian strip establishment. Together, these findings reveal how a shared receptor module can separate developmental and physiological outputs by linking receptor perception state to output specificity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Zhang, Y., Samwald, S., Schröder, A., Stolze, S., Mahiwal, S., Lu, T., Rzemieniewski, J., Stegmann, M., Nakagami, H., Shen, D., Andersen, T. G. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.06.736668</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A tunable receptor separates root barrier formation from nutrient signaling through ligand-perception states]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.05.735348v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sedimentary ancient DNA reveals rhizosphere-like plant-microbe association signals in a 2-million-year-old Arctic ecosystem 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.05.735348v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plant-microbe interactions in the rhizosphere are central to nutrient cycling and ecosystem functioning. Sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) is a promising yet underexplored tool for reconstructing past microbial communities and investigating ecological interactions among plants, animals, and microorganisms. Here, we reanalyse the previously published Kap Kobenhavn Formation (Northern Greenland) sedaDNA dataset to move beyond taxonomic ecosystem reconstruction and test whether ancient sediments preserve structured, rhizosphere-compatible plant-microbe association signals. Our results show that this ancient boreal ecosystem hosted several rhizosphere-associated taxa, comparable to those in modern boreal soils. Several bacterial genera co-occurred repeatedly with specific plant families, forming a rhizosphere-like taxonomic core with predicted plant-growth-promoting traits related to nutrient acquisition, colonisation, and stress tolerance. Although sedaDNA co-occurrence cannot demonstrate direct symbiosis, the consistency of taxonomic, network, and functional signals suggests that ancient sediments preserve interconnected ecological structure. Our findings extend sedaDNA-based ecosystem reconstruction beyond taxonomy and provide a possibility for investigating plant-microbe association signals in deep time.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Landolfi, M., Oskolkov, N., Pasolli, E., Tiziani, R., Villa, F., Mimmo, T., Elhaik, E., Borruso, L. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.05.735348</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sedimentary ancient DNA reveals rhizosphere-like plant-microbe association signals in a 2-million-year-old Arctic ecosystem]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.09.737394v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PsbS confers limited adaptive benefit to C4 photosynthesis under fluctuating light 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.09.737394v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adaptation of plant photosynthesis to dynamic light conditions experienced in natural environments is achieved through specific protective mechanisms. Energy-dependent non-photochemical quenching (qE), regulated by Photosystem II Subunit S (PsbS), is a key process facilitating acclimation to fluctuating light in C3 plants, which operate conventional photosynthesis. C4 plants, which include some of the world's most productive and agriculturally important crops, have evolved a distinct high-efficiency photosynthetic pathway. Little is known about the role of specific processes, like qE, in acclimation of C4 plants to dynamic light environments. We generated gene-edited lines of the model C4 grass Setaria viridis lacking PsbS, which were found to be deficient in qE. This deficiency resulted in a modest increase in PSII photoinhibition and a CO2 assimilation penalty under light stress in short-term experiments, but photosynthesis and growth under fluctuating light were unaffected. Instead, keeping Photosystem I oxidised through photosynthetic control, negative feedback regulation of the Cytochrome b6f complex, was critical. Therefore, unlike in C3 plants, qE does not provide a significant adaptive advantage to C4 plants under dynamic light conditions. These findings provide important insights into the biology of C4 plants and help prioritise future strategies for improving the productivity and resilience of C4 crops.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Woodford, R., Faraone, E., Watkins, J., Nix, S. J., von Caemmerer, S., Furbank, R. T., Ermakova, M. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.09.737394</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PsbS confers limited adaptive benefit to C4 photosynthesis under fluctuating light]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.02.736084v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development of auxin reporters in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.02.736084v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Auxin is a key phytohormone that regulates all aspects of plant growth, development, and environmental responses, making the precise analysis of its distribution and signaling essential for understanding plant adaptation and physiological processes. However, despite the agricultural importance of oilseed rape (Brassica napus), the lack of robust, species-specific molecular tools limits detailed studies of hormone signaling in this crop. Here, we developed and characterized reporter systems for the sensitive visualization and quantification of auxin distribution and signaling in B. napus. The DR5cc auxin signaling reporter and a novel synthetic auxin-responsive reporter, BIP3, assembled from promoter fragments of three oilseed rape IAA genes, were generated to drive GUS expression. In hairy roots, both reporters showed auxin-responsive expression in the root apical meristem that became broader after auxin treatment. In transgenic seedlings, flowers at anthesis, and 12-day-old embryos, DR5cc exhibited a more defined expression pattern than BIP3. To monitor real-time auxin dynamics under abiotic stress, DR5cc fluorescent reporters were employed in hairy roots. Mannitol and NaCl treatments induced a time-dependent increase in fluorescence, peaking at 6-12 h before returning to basal levels after 24 h. Furthermore, dual-reporter assays enabled simultaneous monitoring of auxin and cytokinin signaling, revealing distinct hormone-specific spatial responses in hairy roots. Finally, we established a quantitative DII (qDII) reporter system using degron domains from B. napus Aux/IAA proteins, providing a high-resolution quantitative readout of auxin depletion. Together, these reporter systems enable spatial, temporal, and quantitative analyses of auxin dynamics during development and stress adaptation in oilseed rape.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Jedlickova, V., Pukysova, V., Stefkova, M., Zamecnik, M., Sedlacek, M., Robert, H. S. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.02.736084</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development of auxin reporters in oilseed rape (Brassica napus)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.09.737449v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DeepPheno: A Deep Learning Framework for Linking Hyperspectral Imaging and SNP Genotypes in Lettuce 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.09.737449v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While whole genome sequencing captures millions of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and hyperspectral imaging (HSI) enables non destructive plant phenotyping, integrating these modalities to link genotype to phenotype remains challenging due to their high dimensionality and non linearity. This study presents DeepPheno a deep learning framework that predicts SNP genotypes from HSI data, using model predictability as a proxy for genotype phenotype association. HSI data were acquired from 194 lettuce genotypes under field conditions. HSI data patches (20 x 20 pixels x 224 spectral bands) were used to train a hybrid CNN to predict the variant of a specific SNP. The framework was validated on SNPs with known phenotypic effects (anthocyanin, leaf serration, pale pigmentation), achieving high predictive performance (AUC ranging from 0.806 to 0.935), whereas models trained on randomly shuffled labels performed at chance (mean AUC {approx} 0.51). Extending the workflow to 50 randomly selected putatively neutral SNPs, most yielded low predictability, but two showed high performance (AUC > 0.76), suggesting uncharacterized genotype phenotype links. Explainable AI, including SHAP and Grad CAM, identified relevant spectral and spatial features driving these predictions, particularly the green and red edge wavelengths associated with pigment dynamics and leaf structure. These results establish a framework for understanding complex genotype phenotype interactions in plants and extracting these links from HSI data without predefining the exact trait values. It provides an avenue for high throughput trait discovery and description and extends the integration of image based phenomics with plant genetics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Okyere, F. G. G., Mehrem, S. L., Snoek, B. L., Van den Ackerveken, G., Abeln, S. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.09.737449</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DeepPheno: A Deep Learning Framework for Linking Hyperspectral Imaging and SNP Genotypes in Lettuce]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.02.736047v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A quinoa-associated Pantoea isolate displays salinity-responsive auxin production and promotes plant growth under salt stress 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.02.736047v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plant-associated bacteria can promote plant growth under saline conditions, but salinity-dependent changes in bacterial physiological traits remain insufficiently understood. Here, we isolated bacteria from seedlings of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) lines maintained under laboratory propagation for more than 30 years and evaluated their activity under saline conditions. A quinoa-associated Pantoea isolate, strain 6PN, promoted primary root elongation and whole-plant dry weight of Arabidopsis thaliana under salt stress, whereas no significant effect was observed under non-saline conditions. Comparative analyses with reference Pantoea agglomerans strains showed that strain 6PN exhibited salinity-responsive indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production. Genome analysis identified a putative ipdC gene and additional genes related to stress responses, nutrient acquisition, polysaccharide biosynthesis and export, flagellar biosynthesis, and chemotaxis. Phylogenomic analysis indicated that strain 6PN was genomically distinct from representative Pantoea species examined here. In an Arabidopsis trench-plate assay, GFP-labeled strain 6PN was recovered from spatially separated plant tissues at higher levels than a GFP-labeled reference strain under saline conditions. These results identify strain 6PN as a quinoa-associated Pantoea isolate with salinity-responsive IAA production and plant growth-promoting activity under defined salt-stress conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Murata, Y., Kashiwa, T., Dangjarean, H., Kobayashi, Y., Fujita, Y. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.02.736047</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A quinoa-associated Pantoea isolate displays salinity-responsive auxin production and promotes plant growth under salt stress]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.09.737455v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Non-plastic gene expression underlies root phenotypes involved in drought adaptation in Vitis spp. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.09.737455v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Drought is a major abiotic stress threatening plant productivity and agricultural sustainability, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying adaptive root responses to water deficit in the water use strategies continuum remain insufficiently understood, particularly in perennial crops. In this study, we explored drought responses in nine accessions belonging to three wild Vitis species (V. acerifolia, V. candicans, and V. doaniana) displaying varying drought-response strategies. Plants were subjected to moderate drought stress (40% soil water content) for three weeks under greenhouse conditions. By integrating physiological, metabolic, and transcriptomic analyses, we aimed to identify both conserved and species-specific mechanisms associated with drought adaptation. Differential expression analyses revealed a conserved core set of drought-responsive genes shared among species, including genes involved in abscisic acid signaling, reactive oxygen species detoxification, solute transport, and plant defense. In parallel, each species exhibited distinct transcriptional and metabolic signatures reflecting alternative adaptive strategies related to osmoregulation, and oxidative stress mitigation. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) further revealed significant associations between constitutive, non-plastic gene expression and root phenotypic traits. Overall, our findings demonstrate that wild Vitis species rely on both conserved stress-responsive pathways and species-specific constitutive regulation to cope with drought stress. These results highlight the importance of root-associated traits and intrinsic regulatory networks in shaping drought adaptation and provide new targets for the development of drought-resilient grapevine rootstocks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Chedid, E., Patin, E. R., Tran, J., de Miguel, M. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.09.737455</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Non-plastic gene expression underlies root phenotypes involved in drought adaptation in Vitis spp.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.08.737287v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Small representative samples can capture global vascular plant diversity patterns 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.08.737287v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Incomplete information on distributions for a high proportion of the world's plant species together with biases in global biodiversity data mean that current estimates of plant diversity patterns are skewed. A key issue is that current predictions rely on a subset of species that is not representative of all plant species. Here we tested the feasibility of a representative sampling approach for mapping global vascular plant diversity at the finest scale where comprehensive data is available. Using the World Checklist of Vascular Plants as a reference, we generate random samples of species with increasing sample sizes from the global species pool. We compare the diversity patterns retrieved from the samples against the patterns of the reference dataset using spatially weighted correlation coefficients and four different diversity metrics. We find that at the botanical country scale, representative global maps of species and phylogenetic diversity can be created with small numbers of species (~1% [0.2% and 0.4%, respectively]) at the botanical country scale. For effective growth form and family diversity sample sizes encompassing ~20% [19.2% and 19.5%, respectively] of all species are needed. Random samples require markedly fewer species to reach high correlations than when restricting the pool of species to single plant families or genera. We show that when representative samples are used robust inferences of plant diversity patterns can be made from only a small proportion of species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Baldaszti, L., Moonlight, P., Brummitt, N., Pironon, S., Sarkinen, T. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.08.737287</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Small representative samples can capture global vascular plant diversity patterns]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.09.737222v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional specialization of the gibberellin receptor GIBBERELLIN-INSENSITIVE DWARF 1C in plant neighbour detection 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.09.737222v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plants detect neighbours through a reduced red-to-far-red ratio (R:FR), triggering elongation growth that reduces crop yield. Although Gibberellin (GA) is required for the neighbour-proximity (NP) elongation response, bioactive GA levels do not increase sufficiently to account for elongation magnitude, suggesting GA sensitivity as an additional regulated variable. Here, we show that GID1C, one of three Arabidopsis GA receptors, is the primary GA receptor involved in NP-induced elongation. GID1C protein accumulates selectively in hypocotyls and root tips under low R:FR without an increase in bioactive GA. The gid1c mutant shows a reduced elongation response that exogenous GA treatment cannot rescue. Transcriptome profiling reveals that GID1C controls 86% of the NP-responsive transcriptome, including genes for cell growth, division, and transcriptional regulation. Hub analysis identifies ICE1 as a GID1C-repressed transcriptional brake. ICE1 transcript is suppressed under low R:FR in a GID1C-dependent manner, and a phosphorylation-resistant ICE1 allele blocks NP-induced elongation. Together, these findings establish GA perception as an additional regulatory layer in NP, with subfunctionalisation among GID1 paralogs shaping the response to neighbouring plants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Prasetyaningrum, P., Crisostomo, V. H., Reimers, M., Krueger, S., Hiltbrunner, A. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.09.737222</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional specialization of the gibberellin receptor GIBBERELLIN-INSENSITIVE DWARF 1C in plant neighbour detection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.03.736308v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Conserved N-Terminal Extension of AtKEA1 Is Largely Dispensable for Plastid Function but Contributes to Potassium Homeostasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.03.736308v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Members of the K+ efflux antiporter (KEA) family fulfill key roles in plastids and the endomembrane system. Plants and green algae possess at least one KEA mediating K+/H+ exchange across the plastid inner envelope (IE) membrane. Recently, IE KEAs were shown to be essential for plastid gene expression (PGE), chloroplast development, and photosynthesis. Plants lacking these antiporters exhibit reduced stromal protein synthesis and accumulation of unprocessed rRNA precursors. KEA proteins comprise a conserved monovalent cation/proton antiporter 2 (CPA2) domain and a regulatory K transport and NAD-binding (KTN) domain. IE KEAs are distinguished by an additional ~500-amino-acid N-terminal extension containing a coiled-coil (CC) domain embedded within a largely intrinsically disordered region (IDR). Intrigued by this unusual architecture, we performed phylogenetic analyses, revealing that this N-terminal fusion arose early and has been conserved throughout the green lineage. We then investigated the oligomeric state, native distribution, and function of the N-terminal domain. Using Arabidopsis thaliana, we found that IE KEAs localize to discrete clusters within the inner envelope membrane and assemble into complexes of approximately 600 kDa. Finally, complementary approaches using a functional KEA1 variant lacking the core N-terminal domains (KEA1{Delta}N) indicate that this extension plays a regulatory rather than an essential role. Our findings uncover an evolutionarily ancient regulatory module that shapes the molecular organization and function of IE KEAs, advancing our understanding of plastid ion and pH homeostasis and plastid ribosome integrity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Wunder, T., Holzner, L. J., Manavski, N., Bastürk, M. N., Janowski, R., Kunz, C. F., Fechter, J., Mühlbauer, S., Rösch, F., Meurer, J., Legen, J., Niessing, D., Hagn, F., de Vries, J., Bölter, B., Kunz, H.-H. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.03.736308</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Conserved N-Terminal Extension of AtKEA1 Is Largely Dispensable for Plastid Function but Contributes to Potassium Homeostasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
</rdf:RDF>
