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<title>bioRxiv Subject Collection: Genetics Plant Biology</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org</link>
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This feed contains articles for bioRxiv Subject Collection "Genetics Plant Biology"
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<link>https://www.biorxiv.org</link>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.26.754548v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Natural qE- and qZ-Deficient Alga Retains Functional Plant-Like and Chlorophycean Violaxanthin De-Epoxidases 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.26.754548v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Photosynthetic organisms protect themselves from excess light through non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), a process that safely dissipates excess light energy as heat. Current understanding of NPQ is largely drawn from a few model systems, leaving it unclear how universal NPQ mechanisms are across the green lineage. We characterize the slow, sustained NPQ of the green alga, Auxenochlorella protothecoides x symbiontica (UTEX 250-A). The Auxenochlorella genome lacks Light-Harvesting Complex Stress Related (LHCSR), one of the two proteins required for the fast energy-dependent quenching (qE) component of NPQ. Mutants lacking the Photosystem II Subunit S (PSBS)-like gene (psbsl1) in Auxenochlorella had no effect on NPQ, indicating this alga lacks canonical qE. We identified two candidate enzymes associated with zeaxanthin-dependent quenching (qZ), which has slower kinetics: a plant-type Violaxanthin De-Epoxidase (VDE) and an algal-type Chlorophycean Violaxanthin De-Epoxidase (CVDE). High light did not trigger the expected conversion of violaxanthin to zeaxanthin, a pigment change that is a hallmark of qZ. Mutants lacking VDE (vde1), CVDE (cvde1), or both enzymes (vde1 cvde1) still displayed slow, reversible NPQ. However, when the Auxenochlorella VDE1 and CVDE1 were expressed in a VDE-deficient mutant of Nicotiana benthamiana, both enzymes restored zeaxanthin production and NPQ, confirming they are catalytically functional de-epoxidases. Together, these results reveal an alga that retains two functional, evolutionarily distinct xanthophyll-cycle enzymes yet does not rely on typical xanthophyll pigment dynamics for photoprotection. This points to a biological function that is decoupled from de-epoxidase activity, highlighting unexplored diversity in green algal photoprotection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Cunningham, K. W., Wakao, S., Hall, J. L., Blaby-Haas, C., Ivatury, R., Gleeson, L., Chuang, D., Kim, J. J., Moseley, J. L., Fleming, G. R., Niyogi, K. K. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.09.26.754548</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Natural qE- and qZ-Deficient Alga Retains Functional Plant-Like and Chlorophycean Violaxanthin De-Epoxidases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.26.754731v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The ortholog of the Human T2D Risk Gene STEAP2 is Required for Glucose Stimulated Insulin Secretion in Mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.26.754731v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Type 2 diabetes is a complex metabolic disease with a strong genetic component, yet this genetic risk is driven by common variants in up to 600 loci with small effect sizes. Variants in the STEAP2 locus, encoding Six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate-2, are highly associated with altered glycemic traits and type 2 diabetes risk. To elucidate its function in pancreatic beta-cells, we utilized Crisp-Cas9 assisted homologous recombination to derive a conditional null allele for Steap2 (Steap2fl/fl) in mice and crossed this to the rat insulin promoter (Rip)-Cre transgene. Ablation of Steap2 induced glucose intolerance, blunted glucose-stimulated Ca2+ mobilization and stunted first phase glucose-simulated insulin secretion. In contrast, the incretin effect and second phase insulin secretion were not affected. Islet respirometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) identified disrupted cristate morphology and impaired glucose-stimulated oxygen consumption as causally responsible for the observed, impaired triggering pathway of insulin secretion. These findings suggest that at least part of the genetic risk for T2D conferred by Steap2 variants is likely due to its function in maintaining optimal mitochondrial respiration in pancreatic beta-cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Hawthorne, A., Kelly, K., Tigue, M., El-Mekkoussi, H., Waite, E., Erhan, Y., Manduchi, E., Dashti, S., Rozzo, A., Roman, J., Doliba, N., Stoffers, D., Kaestner, K. H. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.09.26.754731</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The ortholog of the Human T2D Risk Gene STEAP2 is Required for Glucose Stimulated Insulin Secretion in Mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.30.755782v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Divergence in wilt tolerance across the range of Mimulus guttatus in the absence of stomatal regulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.30.755782v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Whether phenotypes and environments predict performance under stress is central to ecology and evolution and can reveal species' vulnerability to global change. We sampled Mimulus guttatus range-wide to test whether reproductive, morphological, and physiological traits predict drought responses. Surprisingly, we find that stomatal response, a key mediator of water balance, did not change as drought intensified. Climate, however, predicted survival after turgor loss: plants from regions with large daily relative to seasonal temperature ranges survived wilting longer. Stress responses also depended on life history: where summers are dry, perennials withstood lower water potentials, whereas annuals increased leaf cooling as they wilted. Known trait associations were not fixed: although many baseline traits tracked climate, none predicted drought responses. Drought performance therefore cannot be inferred from traits measured under well-watered conditions. Lacking stomatal regulation, riparian drought escapers like M. guttatus may be vulnerable if shorter growing seasons bring drought before reproduction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Branch, H. A., Raimondeau, P., Tonet, V., Arenas Castro, H., Fairclough, A., Hyde, L., Lakes, D., Singletary, A., Blackman, B. K., Toll, K., Vallejo-Marin, M., Brodersen, C. R., Edwards, E., Coughlan, J. M. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.09.30.755782</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Divergence in wilt tolerance across the range of Mimulus guttatus in the absence of stomatal regulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.01.755910v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Jasmonate-induced expansion of the MYC2 cistrome occurs within a preconfigured chromatin landscape 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.01.755910v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The transcription factor (TF) MYC2 is a central regulator of jasmonate (JA) signaling, yet its genome-wide occupancy has primarily been characterized using transgenic lines expressing tagged MYC2 proteins, leaving the dynamics of the native MYC2 cistrome unresolved. Here, using a MYC2-specific antibody, we define the wildtype MYC2 cistrome in Arabidopsis thaliana under basal and JA-induced conditions. Native MYC2 showed minimal genome-wide occupancy under control conditions but underwent a pronounced expansion following JA treatment, resulting in more than 3,000 binding sites enriched at core components of the JA signaling network. Cistrome expansion coincided with increased MYC2 protein abundance, while elevated basal MYC2 levels in a transgenic line were associated with extensive MYC2 occupancy even in the absence of JA, supporting a dosage-dependent relationship between MYC2 abundance and genome-wide binding. Despite this extensive cistrome expansion and transcriptional reprogramming, ATAC-seq revealed remarkably limited remodeling of chromatin accessibility following JA treatment. MYC2 recruitment occurred predominantly within pre-existing accessible chromatin regions that remained largely intact in myc2 myc3 myc4 mutants. Together, our findings reveal that JA-dependent expansion of the native MYC2 cistrome occurs within a largely pre-established accessome and identify MYC2 dosage as an important determinant of the extent of genome-wide occupancy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Dash, L., Ammari, M., Choudhary, A., Maseh, K., Gnanarajah, M., Gupta, J., Zander, M. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.10.01.755910</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Jasmonate-induced expansion of the MYC2 cistrome occurs within a preconfigured chromatin landscape]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.30.755754v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cytokinin Mediates Photosynthesis and Senescence Action Through CHLOROPLAST IMPORT APPARATUS 2 (CIA2) and CIA2-like (CIL) 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.30.755754v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Progression of leaf senescence is regulated by internal factors like the plant hormone cytokinin (CK) that acts to delay senescence and retain photosynthesis by maintaining chloroplast-functionality. While initial CK-signaling components controlling senescence have been described, downstream targets regulating physiological performance have remained less characterized. Here we present the CHLOROPLAST IMPORT APARATUS 2 (CIA2) and CIA2-like (CIL) transcription factors (TFs) as mediators of CK senescence activity, enabling chloroplast-function. Utilizing loss-of-function mutants, we show CIA2 and CIL negatively regulate senescence progression and alter physiological performance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Integrated transcriptomic-metabolomic analysis shows that CIA2 and CIL action is distinct from other known chloroplast-related TFs (like GLKs/GATAs) and can boost antioxidant response over senescence. We find that CIA2 and CIL are essential in relaying CK activity during chloroplast biogenesis, photosynthesis, rubisco function, and metabolite accumulation. In turn, ARR10/12 CK signaling components were needed for CK induction of CIA2 and CIL themselves - a cascade that induced chloroplast- and photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes, to boost chloroplast-function and metabolism. We also show that CK acts to repress senescence through accumulation of the polyamine, spermidine, in a CIA2/CIL dependent manner. This work presents a CIA2/CIL-cascade as a new anterograde signal for CK antisenescence effects, indicating a mechanism through which CK prolongs leaf function. This fundamental understanding of CK action has implications towards engineering plants with elevated photosynthesis performance and delayed senescence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Khanna, R. R., Singh, S., Berka, M., Crowell, S., Hass, P., Sanz-Saez, A., Cerny, M., Rashotte, A. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.09.30.755754</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cytokinin Mediates Photosynthesis and Senescence Action Through CHLOROPLAST IMPORT APPARATUS 2 (CIA2) and CIA2-like (CIL)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.30.755759v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic backgrounds and sex modulate indirect genetic effects of Epha4 in laboratory mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.30.755759v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The phenotype of a focal individual can be affected not only by the individuals own genes (direct genetic effects, DGE) but also by genes of other individuals it interacts with (indirect genetic effects, IGE). Better understanding IGE can help better understand the impact and mechanisms of social effects. Here, we investigated, in laboratory mice, the modulation of IGE by genetic background of the focal individual (social epistasis) and by sex. We focused on IGE arising from Epha4, a gene that has been associated with the individuals own stress-related and social behaviours (i.e. DGE) and the stress-coping behaviour and wound healing of the other mice in the cage (i.e. IGE). Among four different genetic backgrounds for focal mice, significant IGE from Epha4 were detected in CBA females only. A formal model selection analysis was consistent with the modulation of IGE by the similarity of the genetic backgrounds of the focal mouse and its Epha4 cage mate, as well as by sex. Observations of fighting in cages of males with dissimilar genetic backgrounds suggested aggression might underpin these modulatory effects, which prompted to us to expand the conceptual framework describing the mechanisms of social epistasis. Thus, our results strengthen the emerging view that IGE are not fixed properties of social genotypes but can depend on the genetic and sex context of interacting individuals, revealing an underexplored layer of their genetic architecture.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Baud, A., Matani, P., Stedile, M., Nacht, A. S. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.09.30.755759</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic backgrounds and sex modulate indirect genetic effects of Epha4 in laboratory mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.30.755531v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Finding dugongs through environmental DNA: a complementary tool for population surveillance 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.30.755531v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Detecting dugongs at low densities remains a major challenge for conservation monitoring, particularly in remote or turbid coastal habitats where conventional surveys are difficult. Environmental DNA (eDNA) offers a complementary approach, but robust species-specific tools are needed before it can be confidently applied to dugong surveillance. We developed and analytically validated a quantitative PCR TaqMan assay for detecting dugong (Dugong dugon) eDNA and evaluated its performance across controlled aquarium conditions in Australia and Abu Dhabi, and wild populations in northern Australia and the Arabian/Persian Gulf. The assay detected dugong eDNA in aquarium and field samples, with Sanger sequencing confirming amplification of dugong mitochondrial DNA from positive field detections. Our assay provides a robust and geographically transferable tool for targeted dugong eDNA detection, performing reliably across contrasting coastal environments and widely separated populations. This approach can strengthen local-scale surveillance of low-density or difficult-to-detect dugong populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Aul, L., Clegue, C., Burrows, D., Martin, J. L., Mathews, D., Widdicombe, S., Stahl, H., Strugnell, J., Havermans, C., Villacorta-Rath, C. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.09.30.755531</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Finding dugongs through environmental DNA: a complementary tool for population surveillance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.26.754598v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-omics fine-mapping uncovers a pleiotropic intestinal enhancer variant linking PMAIP1 regulation to pig growth and fatness 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.26.754598v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetic loci influencing multiple complex traits often remain difficult to interpret because the underlying functional variants, target genes and tissue contexts are unresolved. Here, we investigated the regulatory basis of a shared signal for average daily gain (ADG) and backfat thickness (BF) in Yorkshire pigs. By integrating GWAS in 7,972 pigs, targeted capture sequencing, LD-based fine-mapping, porcine epigenomic annotations, three-dimensional chromatin interaction maps and functional assays, we narrowed the shared SSC1 signal to a 1.59-Mb interval and functionally prioritized rs334769214 (T>G) as the leading candidate variant. The T>G substitution produced marked allele-specific differences in enhancer activity and nuclear-protein binding, while transcription-factor co-transfection assays identified FOXL1-responsive, allele-dependent regulatory activity. Chromatin interaction and CRISPRa analyses supported a regulatory connection between the rs334769214-containing enhancer and PMAIP1, and PMAIP1 overexpression promoted apoptosis in porcine intestinal epithelial cells. In the capture-sequenced subset, the G allele was associated with higher ADG and BF, consistent with a relative loss-of-activation model. Together, these findings delineate a candidate FOXL1-enhancer-PMAIP1 regulatory pathway and demonstrate how multi-omics fine-mapping can advance a shared quantitative-trait locus toward a testable molecular mechanism underlying variation in growth and fatness.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Yang, H., Hu, M., Xu, Y., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Gou, Y., Du, X., Wang, H., Li, X., Zhao, Y., Xiang, T. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.09.26.754598</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-omics fine-mapping uncovers a pleiotropic intestinal enhancer variant linking PMAIP1 regulation to pig growth and fatness]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.25.754549v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Argonaute 15 regulates immunity of potato to filamentous pathogens through transposon-derived small RNAs 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.25.754549v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Canonical ribonucleases such as Argonaute (AGO) participate in RNA-based gene regulatory processes. They are important for small RNA (sRNA) association and the formation of RNA-induced RNA silencing complexes. Potato (Solanum tuberosum) has 14 AGO-encoding genes, including the Solanum-specific StAGO15, which is activated upon infection by filamentous pathogens. The resistant phenotype conferred by ectopic expression of StAGO15 was abolished in plants in which a 21-nt sequence in the PAZ-encoding region of StAGO15 was targeted using an artificial miRNA. We then analyzed the sRNAs associated with StAGO15 in Phytophthora infestans leaf infection. Small RNAs were coimmunoprecipitated, subjected to deep sequencing, and analyzed against the P. infestans and potato genomes, in which cleavage sites were predicted by applying the R package, smartPARE. The most notable difference between pathogen- and water-inoculated StAGO15 samples was observed in the transposon (TE) category. Here, two categories of nonautonomous TE dominated: the miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements. The StAGO15-associated sRNAs bind and target complementary endogenous potato RNAs. One example is siRNA122, which acts on a cleavage site in the resistance gene PGSC0003DMG400015681 (StRES1). siRNA122 is derived from a MITE; upon deletion of this source sequence, resistance is restored. Our findings provide new insights into the plant immune surveillance network and demonstrate that deleting a 21 nt RNA sequence from a MITE transposon released a defense response, against two important filamentous pathogens.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Singh, S., Hu, X., Liao, Z., Hoden, K. P., Dixelius, C. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.09.25.754549</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Argonaute 15 regulates immunity of potato to filamentous pathogens through transposon-derived small RNAs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.25.753906v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fluorescent Ubiquitination-based Trbl Turnover Indicator (FUTTI): A tool to detect activity of the Tribbles pseudokinase in vivo 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.25.753906v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Targeted protein turnover of the transcription factor C/EBP is enhanced by the Tribbles (Trib) pseudokinase family of adaptor proteins, which bind to a conserved degron motif in C/EBP substrate and recruit a cognate COP1 E3 ligase to ubiquitinate C/EBP for degradation. We identified a conserved degron in the Drosophila C/EBP ortholog Slbo and fused this motif to a fluorescent protein (GFP or RFP) under the control of a constitutive promoter. Transgenic flies expressing this fluorescent protein (FP)::degron transgene, which we call the Fluorescent Ubiquitination-based Trbl Turnover Indicator (or FUTTI) sensor, showed reduced levels of fluorescence in response to increased levels of Drosophila Tribbles (Trbl) and conversely, increased levels when Trbl activity was reduced. Mutations in the Trbl conserved pseudokinase substrate binding pocket and in a divergent PEST-like motif in the C-terminal tail region disrupted Trbl activity in the FUTTI assay. These data indicate that FUTTI will be a valuable tool to identify sites of Trbl activity in vivo and the critical features of the protein required for function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Nauman, C., Shayestehpour, S., O'Connor, S., Fischer, Z., Dobens, L. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.09.25.753906</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fluorescent Ubiquitination-based Trbl Turnover Indicator (FUTTI): A tool to detect activity of the Tribbles pseudokinase in vivo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.25.754494v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A genetic screen to identify novel interactions of the phosphatidylinositol phosphate signaling pathway in Drosophila spermatogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.25.754494v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phosphatidylinositol (PI) phosphates (PIPs) are membrane lipids with crucial roles in intracellular signaling, membrane trafficking and cytoskeletal organization. To perturb PIP function in Drosophila melanogaster sperm development, we previously expressed the Salmonella PIP phosphatase SigD (also known as SopB) under control of a spermatocyte- specific promoter. SigD expression results in reduced levels of plasma membrane PI 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2; henceforth PIP2] and male sterility. Transgenic lines expressing high levels of SigD (SigD-high) exhibit defects in spermatocyte cytokinesis, ciliary transition zone maturation and spermatid elongation, whereas lines expressing low levels of SigD (SigD-low) have defects in nuclear shaping and spermatid cell polarization. To further investigate the role of PIPs during Drosophila sperm development, we conducted a sensitized genetic screen to identify suppressors and enhancers of SigD-low phenotypes. From a screen of 760 chromosomal deficiencies spanning 83.6% of chromosomes 2 and 3, we identified 80 interacting regions that were further narrowed down to 40 individual suppressors. Among the strongest interactors were genes involved in microtubule dynamics, nucleocytoplasmic transport and membrane trafficking. The novel genetic interactions identified by our screen pave the way for further investigation into molecular mechanisms underlying the affected aspects of sperm development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Rossini, S., Nasirzadeh, N., Icmat, M. S., Chu, F. H.-K., Rana, M., Micovic, K., Singh, K., Zhuo, J., Shao, L., Ohri, A., Huang, K., Lightwala, M., Nagree, M. S., Jiwani, T., Bellamkonda, K., Prasad, P., Antonyan, L., Lands, H., Sesso, G., Liu, L., Liu, N. F., Philson, A., Sheykhkarimli, D., Krithivasan, P., Papadopoli, A., Fabian, L., Brill, J. A. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.09.25.754494</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A genetic screen to identify novel interactions of the phosphatidylinositol phosphate signaling pathway in Drosophila spermatogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.27.754858v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TET loss of function selects for aneuploidies that confer a proliferative advantage 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.27.754858v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mutations in the Ten-Eleven Translocation (TET) family of DNA dioxygenases are among the most common epigenetic alterations in clonal hematopoiesis and hematologic malignancies, yet how TET loss of function reshapes genome evolution during cellular expansion remains to be fully understood. Here we show that loss of Tet2/3 in invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells drives aggressive lymphoid expansion that is consistently associated with recurrent chromosome 17 trisomy, a dominant aneuploid state observed across more than ten independently derived tumors following transplantation into immunocompetent recipient mice. Single-cell whole-genome sequencing of TET-deficient iNKT cells induced to proliferate in culture with antigen and IL-2 stimulation revealed that rare pre-existing cells with chromosome 17 trisomy appeared soon after Tet gene deletion in the thymus, together with cells harboring other copy number alterations, but only the cells with chromosome 17 trisomy were progressively enriched during further expansion. Similarly, inducibly Tet-deficient mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) showed selection for aneuploid states that were present prior to Tet gene deletion, including trisomy of chromosome 6. Reanalysis of independent datasets from Dnmt3a-deficient mouse lymphomas identified recurrent chromosome gains, including chromosome 17 trisomy. Our results establish TET and DNMT3A deficiency as drivers of karyotypic evolution, and suggest that disruption of DNA methylation/ demethylation pathways through either TET or DNMT3A deletion promotes chromosomal instability, in part by facilitating the emergence and selection of cryptic aneuploid subclones during clonal expansion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Lopez-Moyado, I. F., Suzuki, K., Hernandez-Espinosa, L., Li, X., Koot, D., Wardenaar, R., Foijer, F., Rao, A. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.09.27.754858</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TET loss of function selects for aneuploidies that confer a proliferative advantage]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.28.755174v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Social genetic effects on feed intake in pigs: from feeding visits to total intake 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.28.755174v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Social genetic effects can substantially influence phenotypes in animals and plants and the study of them is of interest. Group housing in animals for example, in pigs provide an ideal framework for studying interactions among individuals. In animals, the genetic of social effects has been studied by simplifying the underlying interactions for example, by assuming that all the individuals in the group contribute equally to the social environment. This homogeneous behaviour is not observed in real conditions. Here, we address this issue showing that identification of interacting individuals is feasible in pig behaviour during growth, and we propose a model that leads to more accurate modelling of social genetics. Our approach infers the strength of interaction via time interval between visits of animals to automatic feeders. This measure of strength was then used in a reaction norm model to evaluate the genetic determinism of social effects. We also build a framework to transform variance components estimated for a trait continuously measured, such as feed intake per visit, into variance of total or aggregated trait e.g. during the growth period. Including social effects improves the fitting of the models. Visit-based social interaction was highest at short time intervals, decreasing rapidly and becoming negligible after 80 seconds. Variance components for the aggregated trait the total feed intake support the contribution of the social interactions. Our approach allows more precise understanding of social effects through individual feeding events and a measure of interaction strength, and further translates these into in an aggregated phenotype of interest.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Nunez, P., Vitezica, Z. G., Legarra, A., Zubiri Gaitan, A., Negro, S., Casellas, J., Varona, L., Ibanez-Escriche, N. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.09.28.755174</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Social genetic effects on feed intake in pigs: from feeding visits to total intake]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.30.755639v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NO VEIN is an ancestral immunity protein involved in plant-virus interaction 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.30.755639v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The conservation of immune systems from prokaryotes to eukaryotes can guide discovery of immunity genes across the tree of life. Most studies to date have focused on metazoan systems, while the extent of ancestral immunity conservation in plants remains underexplored. Here we show that NO VEIN (NOV), a plant protein previously characterized for its essential developmental roles in Arabidopsis thaliana, shares domain composition and structural similarity with Tiamat, a bacterial antiphage protein. In light of the antiviral function of the bacterial protein, we asked whether NOV is involved in plant-virus interactions. We found that NOV knockdown in the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana resulted in an impaired transcriptional response to tobacco rattle virus, including reduced induction of defense genes, and observed increased potato virus x accumulation in a secondary infection. We also reveal that NOV, previously considered plant-specific, has homologs in animals - pointing to a shared origin. Together, these findings uncover a deeply conserved protein involved in plant-virus interaction, and demonstrate the power of prokaryote-eukaryote homology to reveal new aspects of plant biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Lageide, E., Abraham, M., Glück, N., Pfingst, H., Burkhardt, L. A., Medina-Puche, L., Lozano-Duran, R., Ofir, G. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.09.30.755639</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NO VEIN is an ancestral immunity protein involved in plant-virus interaction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.30.754903v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rice blast fungus hijacks a rice RALF peptide to initiate infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.30.754903v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plant-derived peptides regulate immunity and host-microbe interactions, but whether fungal pathogens exploit endogenous plant peptides for infection-site selection remains largely unknown. Rapid alkalinization factors (RALFs) are a family of plant peptide hormones that contribute to plant development, reproduction, stress responses, and cell-wall organization. Here, we show that OsRALF7, which is an immune-activating peptide in rice (Oryza sativa), is co-opted by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae as a host-derived cue for appressorium formation, specialized infection structures required for host penetration. While synthetic OsRALF7 peptide induced defense responses in rice suspension cells, the same peptide induced appressorium formation in M. oryzae. OsRALF7-induced appressorium formation was associated with activation of the cAMP/PKA and Pmk1 MAPK pathways and required a hydrophobic surface. M. oryzae inoculated onto Osralf7 knockout plants formed fewer appressoria, and the positioning of these appressoria relative to the boundaries between two adjacent plant epidermal cells was altered. These findings suggest that OsRALF7 provides positional information for infection initiation for M. oryzae. OsRALF7 localized to the plasma membrane and cell wall in rice, and its appressorium-inducing activity required a conserved YISY motif and cysteine residues. This activity was not conserved in Colletotrichum higginsianum, as RALF23 from Arabidopsis thaliana did not induce appressorium formation but instead showed antifungal activity. Together, these findings uncover a dual function of endogenous plant immune-modulating RALF peptides at the plant-pathogen interface, where they can be exploited by M. oryzae as a host-derived cue for infection initiation while also retaining antifungal activity against other fungal species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Fukada, F., Fujii, S., Konishi, N., Furuta, T., Hino, Y., Sebastian, A., Shimizu, M., Harada, Y., Arazoe, T., Galis, I., Asuke, S., Decker, F.-F., Guo, T., Ono, N., Nishimura, H., Cao, W., Kloos, M., Minato, H., Suzuki, D., Wang, P., Kawano, Y. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.09.30.754903</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rice blast fungus hijacks a rice RALF peptide to initiate infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.30.755619v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Towards operational epidemiology of Pyricularia oryzae in sports turf: contribution of a multi-matrix molecular monitoring strategy at stadium scale 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.30.755619v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gray leaf spot can cause severe turfgrass damage, particularly in intensively managed sports fields, while disease management remains challenging due to the rapid development of symptoms under favorable environmental conditions. Early detection of Pyricularia oryzae could therefore provide valuable information for anticipating disease development and supporting management decisions. This study aimed to develop a digital PCR (dPCR) molecular tool to support the monitoring and management of gray leaf spot disease in stadium turfgrass. The assay showed high sensitivity, consistently detecting P. oryzae when infected tissue represented only 0.05% of a mixture with healthy turfgrass, and enabled pathogen detection before symptom appearance under both controlled and field conditions. Different matrices were also investigated across 15 stadiums to identify the most relevant material for disease monitoring. Roots showed the highest prevalence of P. oryzae detection, including during asymptomatic periods, highlighting their potential as a relevant matrix for pathogen surveillance. In a stadium monitored several months after a gray leaf spot outbreak, P. oryzae DNA was still detected in roots from 27 of the 32 sampled zones despite the absence of visible symptoms. Overall, these results demonstrate the potential of dPCR for the early detection and monitoring of P. oryzae in stadium turfgrass, particularly through root sampling during periods when environmental conditions are not favorable for gray leaf spot development, and a spatio-temporal surveillance at stadium scale.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Saadi, S., Gruet, C., Adreit, H., Poncelet, N., Di Mattia, J., Courot, O., Tharreau, D. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.09.30.755619</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Towards operational epidemiology of Pyricularia oryzae in sports turf: contribution of a multi-matrix molecular monitoring strategy at stadium scale]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.26.754621v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In which cases does it make sense to classify an individual into one population and what are the alternatives? 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.26.754621v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During biogeographical ancestry (BGA) analysis, an unknown individual for whom ancestry informative markers (AIMs) were analyzed is often assigned to one of a few reference populations. For some individuals, such an assignment is not meaningful: the two parents of the individual may come from different populations, or the individual may come from a population not included in the reference database. In this study, we examined classification methods in combination with 104 AIMs from the VISAGE Enhanced Tool to provide one of the following three possible outcomes: (i) in-reference (IR), with an assignment to one of the reference populations; (ii) admixed (AD), with parents from two in-reference populations; and (iii) out-of-reference (OR), where the individual's ancestry is not sufficiently represented by the reference populations. We therefore compared seven classifiers in combination with class-specific acceptance thresholds for the OR decision. The best-performing method according to our selection criterion was a naive Bayes classifier over pairs of populations, which we call the recent naive Bayes (RNB) classifier. Populations held out of the reference panel were correctly rejected in $84.9%$ of cases. We further tested the method on $800$ individuals from seven additional groups not included in the reference panel. Only $29.4%$ of individuals from four non-admixed populations were rejected, resembling joint ancestry with reference populations. In addition, we investigated the prediction accuracy in a newly collected dataset of 28 individuals with self-reported ancestry by analyzing AIMs using massively parallel sequencing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Schmitz, J., Naue, J., Hoffmann, L., Lange, Z., Suchanek, F., Lutz-Bonengel, S., Dette, H., Pfaffelhuber, P., Heinzel, C. S. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.09.26.754621</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In which cases does it make sense to classify an individual into one population and what are the alternatives?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.28.755082v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Denisea fonensis (Thismiaceae), a new genus and species of mycoheterotroph from Guinea. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.28.755082v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Distinct from plants which directly parasitise other plants (parasites), non-photosynthetic mycoheterophic plants (MHPs, previously known as achlorophyllous mycotrophs or saprophytes) depend upon fungal hyphae for their carbon and have been viewed as cheaters or parasites in their fungal partnerships rather than mutualistic as in most other plant-mycorrhizal interactions. Over 400 such species in 87 genera and 11 families are recorded which maintain this lifeform through their life-cycle, while an estimate 30,000 further species, mainly orchids, depend on this mode of life to establish themselves from seeds. In most cases the fungal partners and the ultimate carbon sources, usually autotrophic plants, are unknown. High fungal specificity is the norm in those MHPs researched. We describe a new MHP genus and species, Denisea fonensis that we discovered in the Simandou range of the Republic of Guinea, West Africa in October 2025 on the footprint of a mining project. While clearly placed in Dioscoreales (which has three MHP families), the features of Denisea are so unusual that it was not initially clear in which family to place it. Finally, with molecular data we placed Denisea in Thismiaceae, corroborated by morphology. The new discovery is all the more unexpected as this is the first record of Thismiaceae from West Africa. Until now the family has only been recorded in Africa from three species of the very different genus Oxygyne, of Cameroon and Central African Republic. We provisionally assess Denisea fonensis as Critically Endangered since less than ten individuals are recorded in only a few square metres at one site, where there are imminent threats from animals. We propose urgent measures to conserve this species to reduce the risk of global extinction that has eliminated other African MHP species such as Oxygyne triandra, and further research to determine the fungal and autotrophic plant partners of this remarkable plant genus.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Cheek, M., Molmou, D. N., Delhaye, G. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.09.28.755082</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Denisea fonensis (Thismiaceae), a new genus and species of mycoheterotroph from Guinea.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.29.755401v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SysNDD: A Systematic Database for Neurodevelopmental Disorders 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.29.755401v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are clinically and genetically heterogeneous, and evidence linking additional genes to disease evolves rapidly. We developed SysNDD, an open-access, expert-curated resource that represents distinct gene-inheritance-disease associations as entities with standardized confidence, phenotype, and variant annotations. Each entity retains its curation history, so its evidence category can change as evidence accumulates. Currently, SysNDD contains 4,275 entities curated from 4,932 publications. Of these, 3,758 entities involving 3,271 genes describe NDDs; the remainder record non-NDD disorders, nearly all linked to NDD-associated genes, included for completeness. Regarding NDD evidence categories, 1,838 genes are Definitive, 179 Moderate, 1,248 Limited, and 6 Refuted. The entity model captures inheritance-specific disorders, including 220 genes with both autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive NDD associations. Comparison with seven other NDD gene resources showed complementary coverage, and evidence categories largely agreed with those of ClinGen, Gene2Phenotype, and PanelApp for shared gene-disease pairs. NDD genes formed distinct molecular modules, whereas associated disorders formed broad, overlapping phenotype groups that corresponded to those modules only selectively. SysNDD provides a continuously maintained, programmatically accessible framework for gene-disease evidence assessment, inheritance-aware interpretation, and systematic NDD research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Popp, B., Frueh, S., Altay, M. F., Van Esch, H., Caliebe, A., Bramswig, N. C., Hummel, F., Gverdtsiteli, S., Kleefstra, T., Schenck, A., Tuemer, Z., Verloes, A., Zweier, C. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.09.29.755401</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SysNDD: A Systematic Database for Neurodevelopmental Disorders]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.25.754302v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell proteomics resolves major cell populations and protein-defined chondrocyte states in the adult human osteoarthritic joint 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.25.754302v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Objective Single-cell RNA sequencing has transformed our understanding of cellular heterogeneity within osteoarthritic (OA) joint tissues, yet transcript abundance provides only an indirect measure of cellular phenotype and function. Recent advances in mass spectrometry now enable proteins to be measured directly at single-cell resolution. Here, we applied single-cell proteomics (SCP) to primary human OA cartilage and synovium to determine whether cellular heterogeneity within the diseased joint can be resolved directly at the proteome level. Design Cartilage and synovium were obtained from patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty for OA. Low-input proteomic profiling was first performed to establish proteome depth from limited cell numbers and validate biologically relevant clustering. SCP was then applied to individual cells, followed by unsupervised clustering, differential protein abundance analysis and iterative biological annotation. Results Low-input proteomics identified 7,800 proteins from 1,000 cells while retaining tissue- and cell-associated biological differences. Across the SCP dataset, ~2,300 unique proteins were detected, resolving chondrocyte, synovial fibroblast and immune-cell populations that closely paralleled those previously defined by single-cell transcriptomics. Higher-resolution analysis distinguished lining and sublining fibroblasts, discrete immune populations and multiple protein-defined chondrocyte states. Conclusions SCP enables direct characterisation of cellular heterogeneity within the human OA joint at the level of the proteome. By independently recovering established cellular populations while revealing protein-defined chondrocyte states, our findings establish SCP as a powerful complement to single-cell transcriptomics and open a new route to investigating functional cellular states and disease mechanisms that cannot be inferred from RNA abundance alone.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Müller, L., Mimpen, J. Y., Todd, C. J. A., Inns, J., Frey, A. M., Orr, S. E., Brumwell, A., Deehan, D. J., Hilkens, C. M. U., Snelling, S. J. B., Trost, M., Rice, S. J. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.09.25.754302</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell proteomics resolves major cell populations and protein-defined chondrocyte states in the adult human osteoarthritic joint]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.28.755183v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mendel, a foundation model of human genetic variation, prioritizes regulatory variants and improves gene expression prediction 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.28.755183v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human genome-wide association studies have identified hundreds of thousands of variant trait associations, but interpreting their mechanistic consequences at allele resolution remains a central bottleneck. DNA foundation models pretrained on genomic sequence corpora learn features predictive of regulatory activity, yet their training objectives are dominated by the conserved background common to all individuals, rather than the sparse variant sites at which human genetic variation is concentrated. Here we introduce Mendel, a DNA foundation model trained from scratch on human whole genome sequences using a variant-centric objective that concentrates supervision on allelic events within reference aligned sequence context. On held-out individuals, Mendel attains 0.984 micro-averaged SNV allele-prediction accuracy, compared with 0.311 for Evo 2. Mendel residual difficulty is selectively enriched at cis-eQTL variants, prioritizes fine-mapped causal variants (AUROC 0.731), where Evo 2 residuals performed near chance, and when converted into a cis-expression prior for modelling, improves prediction relative to an unweighted baseline in all 50 GTEx tissues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Salman, A., Feng, H., Wei, P., Sun, R., Wu, L., Pan, W., Wu, C. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.09.28.755183</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mendel, a foundation model of human genetic variation, prioritizes regulatory variants and improves gene expression prediction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.29.755447v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pervasive Somatic Mutations in NF1 Drive Cell Type and Spatially Specific Clonal Selection in Neurofibromatosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.29.755447v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tumorigenesis is a multi-step process shaped by the accumulation of somatic driver mutations, but identifying the earliest steps and cell of origin of tumorigenesis remains challenging. Single cell genomics in >1.7 million single cells across donors with the cancer predisposition syndrome neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1), shows that somatic 'second-hit' mutations in NF1 are pervasive and show positive clonal selection in oligodendrocytes (OLs) and OL precursor cells (OPCs), but are exceedingly rare in neurons and other lineages. Combined spatial genotyping and transcriptomic analysis enabled dissection of cell autonomous and non-autonomous effects of second-hit mutations including clonal expansion of mutant OPCs with strong bias for cerebral gray matter versus white matter, suggesting that gray matter influences OPC proliferation and differentiation via non-cell autonomous interactions between OPCs and neurons. NF1-null OL lineage cells upregulate CDKN2A--a tumor suppressor frequently lost in NF1-mutant tumors--whereas brain cancers from these same individuals show CDKN2A loss across multiple cancer cell states, suggesting CDKN2A loss in OPCs is a critical step in tumor progression. Our findings reveal developmentally early, exquisitely lineage-specific NF1 somatic mutations in premalignant NF-1 brain, suggest cell autonomous and non-autonomous roles in clonal selection in brain, and suggest that clones harboring cancer driver mutations can persist over a lifetime in phenotypically normal tissues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Snellings, D. A., Essuman, K., Finander, B., Goodman, E., Cambridge, C., Buecking, J., Chhouk, B., Cai, C., Sun, L., Ghosh, U., Miller, M. B., Walsh, C. A. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.09.29.755447</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pervasive Somatic Mutations in NF1 Drive Cell Type and Spatially Specific Clonal Selection in Neurofibromatosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.29.755187v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A genome-scale ORF screen for resilience factors that protect the RPE and restore vision in aged mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.29.755187v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aging is a complex phenomenon, yet therapeutic discovery has largely relied on testing individual hypothesis-driven targets. Here, we performed a genome-scale open reading frame (ORF) screen for oxidative-stress resistance in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, which are vulnerable to oxidative damage during aging. The screen identified nine protective ORFs including antioxidant factors and an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition regulator. Notably, we also identified three factors that reduce transcriptomic age including the cardiac transcription factor NKX2-5. NKX2-5 conferred robust oxidative resilience in vitro and in vivo. Domain dissection revealed that its homeodomain is dispensable for resilience, enabling development of NKX2-5{Delta}HD, which retained protective activity without detectable toxicity over 14 months. In middle-aged mice, subretinal NKX2-5{Delta}HD restored visual and electrophysiological function, and its systemic delivery improved grip strength and reduced frailty in late-aged mice. These findings highlight the value of unbiased, genome-scale gain-of-function screening, as resilience factors normally expressed in other contexts can be reengineered as potential therapeutics for age-related decline in other tissues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Lu, Y. R. R., Shen, H., Kajderowicz, K., Ai, J., Chen-Neumann, Y. H., Hu, Y., Tyshkovskiy, A., Lou, Q., Dong, T., Grauvogel, L., Chen, Z., Cameron, J. C., Li, X., Shirahama, S., Bligh, M., Hou, S., Chin, J., Costa, M. W., Ryu, J., Sharma, R., Mann, M., Bharti, K., Bowes Rickman, C., Gladyshev, V. N., Gregory-Ksander, M., Ksander, B., Weissman, J. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.09.29.755187</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A genome-scale ORF screen for resilience factors that protect the RPE and restore vision in aged mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.24.754167v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pangenome-resolved polymorphic transposable elements reveal human regulatory evolution in action 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.24.754167v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transposable elements are a major source of gene-regulatory functions. Yet this contribution is understood largely from ancient insertions already fixed in the genome: the successes, seen long after the fact. The polymorphic phase before fixation or loss remains poorly resolved because such alleles could be scored only as present or absent. We resolved segregating transposable-element alleles as sequences, epigenetic states, and transcript components using 231 haplotype-resolved human pangenomes with matched long-read multi-omics. Their origins extend beyond recent transposition; their regulatory consequences depend on methylation and transcript context and are often missed by gene-level analyses; they provide mechanisms at trait-associated loci, while selection favors element presence and absence alike. Regulatory innovation before fixation is therefore not one-way accumulation, but a mixture of gain, remodeling, and loss.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Jiang, J., Zhuo, X., Li, R., Dong, Z., Zhang, W., Li, D., Macias-Velasco, J., Human Pangenome Reference Consortium,, Wang, T. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.09.24.754167</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pangenome-resolved polymorphic transposable elements reveal human regulatory evolution in action]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.24.754242v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Examining the potential of growing frafra potatoes in polypropylene sacs as a food security strategy in the Bolgatanga Municipality of the Upper East Region, Ghana. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.24.754242v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Populations are denser in the urban areas where there is inadequate arable land for farming. This calls for innovative use of limited spaces in sac farming to produce food to augment household nutrition. The study determined the feasibility of cultivating and comparing the performance of different frafra potato varieties in polypropylene sacs. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with six treatments, each having three replications, was used. Each treatment was a variety of frafra potato, cultivated on a polypropylene sac filled with nutrient-enriched soil. The data collected was analyzed using STATA 15.0. The results show that plants having leaves with the largest leaf area in 2021 (20.54 (8.41) cm2) and in 2022 (19.98 (7.83) cm2) were in the MAL variety. The greatest number of leaves (417.11 (255.26)) were produced by the WAP variety in 2021 but by the MAM variety (349.33 (154.63)) in 2022. Plants having the longest vines in 2021 were in the MAM strain (41.24 (22.01) cm) but in the NAT variety (39.93 (21.54) cm) in 2022. In 2021, the highest yield of tubers was 5.56 (0.23) t/ha in the MAL variety with the lowest yield (1.59 (1.27)) t/ha recorded in the LOV strain. In 2022, the NUP variety produced the highest yield (1.91 (0.40)) (t/ha) with the WAP strain producing the lowest (0.87 (0.50)) (t/ha). The data shows that it is feasible to cultivate frafra potatoes on polypropylene sacs. In the main, all the frafra potato varieties produced considerable quantities of vegetative organ biomass and root tubers with the MAL, NAT and NUP varieties performing better. Therefore, though further investigation is required to draw an appropriate conclusion, these varieties may be recommended for cultivation on polypropylene sacs to produce food for both humans and livestock consumption.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Ayimbire, A., Akolgo, J. A., Asampana, J. A., Awineseligo, A. A., Asumboya, G., Akazotiyele, R. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.09.24.754242</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Examining the potential of growing frafra potatoes in polypropylene sacs as a food security strategy in the Bolgatanga Municipality of the Upper East Region, Ghana.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.27.753494v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Prion-induced heritable states in Caenorhabditis elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.27.753494v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Self-replicating protein conformations can encode persistent epigenetic states that underlie prion diseases and contribute to age-related neurodegenerative disorders in mammals. In fungi, such conformers are transmitted through mitosis and meiosis, enabling robust inheritance of diverse phenotypes. Whether analogous transgenerational protein-based inheritance extends beyond unicellular systems to metazoans remains unknown. Here, we address this question in C. elegans, a genetically tractable, short-lived animal well suited for tracking the transmission of heritable information across generations. We found that a yeast prion domain, when fused to a host protein, induced a heritable altered state that arose at elevated temperatures and persisted across generations at lower temperatures. The emergence of this state depended on known prionogenic yeast repeats, while the state itself was reversible and behaved semi-dominantly in crosses, consistent with a protein-based epigenetic mechanism. These findings provide direct evidence that protein domains capable of adopting self-replicating conformers can encode heritable information in an animal.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Ilbay, O., Zabinsky, R. A., Lozanoski, T., Jarosz, D. F., Fire, A. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.09.27.753494</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Prion-induced heritable states in Caenorhabditis elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.29.755452v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Night-break photoperiod timing shapes growth trajectories, functional phenotype, and biomass partitioning in Cannabis sativa L. in a genotype-dependent manner 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.29.755452v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cannabis sativa L. cultivation in tropical regions or under indoor conditions requires supplemental lighting to maintain plant yields. Night-break (NB) photoperiods offer a cost-effective alternative to conventional day extension, although genotypic responses have not been clearly described. This study evaluated the effects of continuous and pulsed NB treatments on the growth, phenology, physiology, productivity, and cannabinoid accumulation of three Cannabis sativa genotypes representing two chemotypes. Plants were exposed to a commercial 18-h photoperiod (T1), a continuous 1-h NB (T2), or four 15-min NB pulses (T3) with equal total duration. Continuous NB produced responses comparable to the commercial photoperiod. In contrast, pulsed NB accelerated phenological progression by two to three weeks and reduced final plant height by 15-28%, depending on genotype, without impairing photosynthetic performance or decreasing floral dry biomass. Harvest index increased under both NB treatments, indicating enhanced biomass allocation to reproductive structures, while cannabinoid accumulation remained primarily genotype-dependent with only minor treatment-specific modulation. These findings demonstrate that NB efficacy depends not only on the duration of nocturnal light but also on its temporal distribution, highlighting temporal organization of nocturnal light as a key regulator of photoperiodic responses and a promising strategy for optimizing cannabis cultivation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Rodriguez-Roncancio, M. P., Castillo-Hernandez, L. C., Love, N., Melgarejo, L. M., Sarmiento, F. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.09.29.755452</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Night-break photoperiod timing shapes growth trajectories, functional phenotype, and biomass partitioning in Cannabis sativa L. in a genotype-dependent manner]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.29.755433v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-Cell Omics to Uncover Cell-Type-Specific Gene Regulatory Networks Driving Mucilage Production in Specialized Roots 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.29.755433v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aerial roots of certain maize (Zea mays) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) genotypes secrete a carbohydrate-rich mucilage that sustains nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and the underground roots of most plants secrete mucilage at their tips. In both settings, border cells released from the root cap produce this mucilage, yet the genes controlling their formation remain largely unknown. We sequenced the RNA of about 23,000 nuclei from mucilage-secreting roots of maize, sorghum, and Medicago truncatula, sampled before and after secretion. Each species yielded 10 to 15 clusters, which we annotated with published markers and with new markers that we validated by in situ hybridization in the two cereals and by promoter-reporter fusions in M. truncatula. We then inferred modular and cell type-specific gene regulatory networks. Transcriptional programs diverged across the three species except in the quiescent center and the meristem, and in the clusters containing border cells, where a shared set of regulators emerged. Silencing three of five candidate regulators reduced border cell number, while silencing a partially overlapping set of three regulators reduced root diameter in M. truncatula. Silencing the C2H2 zinc finger protein MtrunA17_Chr1g0148421 also reduced border cell viability. A maize insertion mutant of bzip89 released fewer border cells than the wild type. These networks offer entry points for tuning mucilage production in cereal and legume crops.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Venado, R. E., Kotvanova, M., Kumari, C., Garg, P., Pyne, S., Diogo, R., Kern, T., Dervinis, C., Pereira, W., Kirst, M., Roy, S., Ane, J.-M. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.09.29.755433</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-Cell Omics to Uncover Cell-Type-Specific Gene Regulatory Networks Driving Mucilage Production in Specialized Roots]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.29.755046v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neofunctionalised plastid translocon regulates chloroplast ageing in Arabidopsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.29.755046v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein import across the chloroplast outer membrane is mediated by the TOC complex and regulated by GTP hydrolysis at two receptor GTPases, large and small. The former are the {beta}-barrel-containing Toc159 family of proteins (Sun and Jarvis 2023; H. Li and Chiu 2010; Shi and Theg 2013a; Kessler and Schnell 2009). The smallest member of this family in higher plants is Toc90, which has long been regarded as functionally unimportant due to the absence of obvious phenotypes in early mutant studies (Kubis et al. 2004; Infanger et al. 2011a). It was hypothesised that Toc90 is a relic of an ancestral Toc159 protein from early green lineage organisms (Hofmann and Theg 2003; Reumann et al. 2005). Here, we challenge this view by combining genetic, biochemical, phylogenetic, and in silico structural analyses to show that Toc90 is not an ancient remnant, but rather a neofunctionalised derivative of Toc159, and likely the most recently evolved member of the family. We show that Toc90 physically associates with Toc33 as a part of a photosynthetic TOC complex. Furthermore, we identify Toc90 as a regulator of chloroplast ageing. Our findings redefine Toc90 as an active and specialised component of the chloroplast protein import machinery, playing a pivotal role in senescence, especially in reducing photosynthetic protein abundance. Together, these results highlight Toc90 as a promising target for manipulating chloroplast longevity and plant senescence, with potential to improve crop productivity and yield.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Bag, P., Lymperopoulos, P., Lau, A., Peixoto, B., Grundy, C., Kubis-Waller, S., Patel, R., Jarvis, R. P. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.09.29.755046</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neofunctionalised plastid translocon regulates chloroplast ageing in Arabidopsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.29.755435v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AGROtools: A comprehensive modular cloning toolset for Agrobacterium strain engineering 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.29.755435v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is a cornerstone of plant genetic engineering, yet many crops remain recalcitrant to transformation and its efficiency is highly species- and genotype-dependent. The limited diversity of disarmed agrobacterial strains available for biotechnology, and the technically challenging workflows typically required for strain modification, constrain efforts to develop improved plant transformation platforms. Here, we describe the development of AGROtools-a versatile, expandable, and user-friendly modular cloning plasmid collection comprising more than 75 individual components, that is designed to simplify genetic engineering of agrobacteria. Constructs assembled with this toolkit couple visual reporters with selectable and counterselectable markers to facilitate identification of recombinant clones, thereby reducing reliance on PCR-based screening. We constructed and tested reporter cassettes that are functional across diverse agrobacterial strains and genomic contexts. By linking a visual reporter combinatorially with various antibiotic resistance markers and orthogonal site-specific recombinase recognition sequences, AGROtools can enable marker removal and recycling for up to four successive genomic modifications. We demonstrate the utility of AGROtools by disarming 10 novel wild-type strains, and accomplishing serial modifications within individual strain backgrounds. In addition to conventional recA-mediated homologous recombination, the collection incorporates components for applying contemporary strain engineering approaches, including CRISPR/dCas9 base editing, INTEGRATE-mediated targeted insertion, and phage-derived recombineering systems. Constructs can be assembled and deployed rapidly, enabling isolation of strains carrying an intended modification in less than two weeks. AGROtools provides a broadly applicable resource for accelerating strain development and genetic studies in agrobacteria, with potential to advance plant biotechnology by aiding improvement of disarmed strains.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Willig, C., Heinhold, Z., Sutliff, B. M., Brouwers, E., Richter, C., Adams, J., Whiting, T., Warner, J., Le, P. M. D., Norman, G., Khan, S., Anderson, J. C., Goralogia, G. S., Strauss, S. H. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.09.29.755435</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AGROtools: A comprehensive modular cloning toolset for Agrobacterium strain engineering]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
</rdf:RDF>
