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<title>bioRxiv Subject Collection: Zoology</title>
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<description>
This feed contains articles for bioRxiv Subject Collection "Zoology"
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<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.07.736909v1?rss=1"/>
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<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.01.735787v1?rss=1"/>
<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.30.735459v1?rss=1"/>
<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.29.735413v1?rss=1"/>
<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.22.733504v1?rss=1"/>
<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.22.733819v1?rss=1"/>
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<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.20.733498v1?rss=1"/>
<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.16.732383v1?rss=1"/>
<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.14.732046v1?rss=1"/>
<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.12.731994v1?rss=1"/>
<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.12.731863v1?rss=1"/>
<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.12.731583v1?rss=1"/>
<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.11.731532v1?rss=1"/>
<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.08.730791v1?rss=1"/>
<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.09.731170v1?rss=1"/>
<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.05.730359v1?rss=1"/>
<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.03.729827v1?rss=1"/>
<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.04.730103v1?rss=1"/>
<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.01.728072v1?rss=1"/>
<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.05.30.729000v1?rss=1"/>
<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.05.31.729009v1?rss=1"/>
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<title>bioRxiv</title>
<url>https://www.biorxiv.org/sites/default/files/bioRxiv_article.jpg</url>
<link>https://www.biorxiv.org</link>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.07.736512v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Griphus Software for Multi Panel Figure Composition and Experimentation with Emphasis on Taxonomy 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.07.736512v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The preparation of multi panel figures remains a labor intensive step in scientific publication. Albeit there are specific tools available to solve this problem, they are often highly specialized, difficult to install, or time consuming to learn. Griphus is a standalone graphical application designed for rapid composition and experimentation with multi panel figures, developed by and for zoological taxonomists. Functions specifically designed for multi panel composition include automatic figure numbering and placement, aspect ratio operations, spacers, layout rotation, layout suggestions, and automatic generation of figure legends, including scale bar descriptions. The software can perform both spatial interpretation of images on the canvas and work with a simple, editable layout formula. It also enables instant multi panel composition, with numbered images and automatic contrast selection for the numbers, obtained simply by loading images. User defined parameters such as target printable dimensions, resolution, spacing, and color mode are preserved throughout the work. The program produces coordinated outputs consisting of the final composite figure, a readable file describing the layout structure, and a .gri file storing images, transformations, and parameters for exact regeneration. Griphus is intended as a complementary tool to professional image software, providing a simple and efficient environment for constructing high quality multi panel figures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Aguiar, A. P. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.07.736512</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Griphus Software for Multi Panel Figure Composition and Experimentation with Emphasis on Taxonomy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.07.736978v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Five Decades of Rariphotic Research: A Systematic Reviewof Trends, Biases, and Future Directions 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.07.736978v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The rariphotic zone, typically spanning depths of approximately 130 to 300 meters, represents a key transition between light-dependent coral reef ecosystems and the aphotic deep sea. Despite its potential ecological importance, including its proposed role as a refuge for species exposed to climate-driven stress, rariphotic ecosystems remain poorly understood. In this study, we conducted a systematic review and synthesis of the scientific literature on these habitats from 1970 to 2025. Following the PRISMA 2020 protocol, we analyzed 185 studies to characterize the historical development of research, identify geographic and methodological biases, and assess shifts in research priorities over five decades.

Our results show a marked increase in research effort over the last decade, driven in part by advances in underwater technologies such as Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs), Human Occupied Vehicles (HOVs), and Baited Remote Underwater Video Station (BRUVS). However, this growth remains uneven, with persistent biases toward benthic rather than pelagic studies and a strong concentration of research in geographically accessible regions. Multivariate analyses of research novelty indicate that technological innovation and the formal recognition of the rariphotic zone in 2018 corresponded with major structural shifts in literature. Although the rariphotic zone is now increasingly recognized as an ecologically distinct component of the reef continuum, it remains underrepresented in ecological theory and conservation frameworks. Future research should move beyond descriptive taxonomic mapping toward integrative, data-driven functional ecology, with particular emphasis on long-term monitoring and depth-stratified connectivity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Haim, A., Eyal, G. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.07.736978</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Five Decades of Rariphotic Research: A Systematic Reviewof Trends, Biases, and Future Directions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.07.736909v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Repellency effects of nanoliposomal gels bearing Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) or Tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) essential oils against the main malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.07.736909v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe development of safe and effective plant-based repellents is crucial to control malaria transmission, particularly given the spread of insecticide resistance in major vectors like Anopheles stephensi. Essential oils (EOs) are promising candidates, yet their high volatility and hydrophobicity limit their efficacy. This study aimed to design and evaluate nanoliposomal gels containing Syzygium aromaticum (clove) or Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) EOs to enhance their repellent durability against An. stephensi.

MethodsThe chemical profiles of the EOs were determined via Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Nanoliposomes bearing 3% of each EO were made ready with the ethanol injection method, and incorporated into a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) gel. Formulations were characterized for particle size, zeta potential, viscosity, and chemical interactions (FTIR). Repellent efficacy was evaluated using the arm-in-cage method, recording the complete protection time (CPT) for nanoliposomal gels (LipoGel 3%), in comparison with nonformulated EOs and the gold-standard repellent, DEET (40%).

ResultsGC-MS analysis identified eugenol (79.51%) and terpinen-4-ol (73.53%) as the major constituents of clove and tea tree EOs, respectively. Nanoliposomes exhibited sizes of 82.3 {+/-} 3 nm (clove) and 102 {+/-} 4 nm (tea tree), with narrow size distributions. The clove LipoGel demonstrated a significantly enhanced CPT (341 {+/-} 17 min), which was statistically comparable to 40% DEET (351 {+/-} 16 min, P>0.05). In contrast, the nonformulated EOs resulted in only 45 min of protection, highlighting the critical role of the nanocarrier system.

ConclusionThe nanoliposomal gel formulation, particularly containing clove EO, represents a potent and safe botanical alternative to conventional synthetic repellents. This approach offers a promising strategy for integrated vector management, warranting further field-based investigations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Shahheidari, R., Moemenbellah-Fard, M. D., Osanloo, M., Paksa, A., Roozitalab, A. H., Fakhraei, M., Zarenezhad, E. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.07.736909</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Repellency effects of nanoliposomal gels bearing Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) or Tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) essential oils against the main malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.06.736813v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
First estimates of the population growth rate of the parasitic honey bee mite Tropilaelaps mercedesae in Apis mellifera colonies 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.06.736813v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A parasitic mite of honey bee brood (Tropilaelaps mercedesae), is spreading through populations of Apis mellifera honey bees in new regions and poses a major threat to honey bee health. Despite its clear threat, the biology of this mite is poorly understood, with gaps on such fundamental issues as how fast its populations can grow. This leaves the beekeeping world underprepared to plan for its arrival and management. In this study, we documented the growth of T. mercedesae populations in untreated A. mellifera colonies in Thailand and South Korea, and did the same for another parasitic mite (Varroa destructor) when possible. We found that the population growth of T. mercedesae was variable but could reach high levels (daily r of 0.010, 0.036, and 0.057), while the population growth of V. destructor (r = 0.021) matched previous estimates. Our results indicate that T. mercedesae populations can grow rapidly but they do not always attain this potential. Based on our results, humidity should be studied as a potential driver of population growth. If future work can reveal key drivers of T. mercedesae population growth, this would help predict infestations and help design management strategies that exploit the pests biological vulnerabilities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Aurell, D., Tokach, R., Chuttong, B., Praphawilai, P., Barascou, L., Steury, T. D., Duffy, K., Jung, C., Oh, H., Bruckner, S., Williams, G. R. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.06.736813</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[First estimates of the population growth rate of the parasitic honey bee mite Tropilaelaps mercedesae in Apis mellifera colonies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.06.736788v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Male and female Drosophila suzukii maintain extended, stable flight headings to a discrete sun stimulus. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.06.736788v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Long-distance movement in insects has crucial impacts on agriculture, human health, and biodiversity. Although it was long assumed that only large, specialist insects had the navigation capacity to support long-distance dispersal, recent studies have demonstrated that smaller insects, such as the tiny fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, can maintain extended, straight paths while flying or walking. This raises the question of whether other Drosophila species possess the navigation capacity to support extended dispersal. Resolving this question is particularly important for Drosophila suzukii (spotted-wing drosophila), a potent pest species that causes enormous damage worldwide to ripe fruit and berries. Spotted-wing drosophila has been thought to lack a capacity for long-distance dispersal, as prior studies have estimated maximal daily dispersal distances of less than 90 m. We developed a system to continuously track the flight trajectories of magnetically tethered D. suzukii relative to a discrete, overhead LED that mimicked the sun. We found that flies maintained remarkably straight flight headings that varied unpredictably across individuals. Male and female D. suzukii exhibited a similar navigation capacity; both sexes responded to rotation of a discrete sun stimulus with compensatory turns to maintain a stable relative heading. Our results suggest that D. suzukii has an underappreciated capacity for rapid, radial dispersal, which could exceed 250 m in 15 min. This capacity may contribute to the pest species invasiveness and its reliable, annual re-establishment in seasonally intolerable climates. Our findings highlight the importance of developing area-wide, regional strategies to manage the impacts of D. suzukii.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Horikawa, K., Savkin, K., Rower, L., Hodge, L., Warren, T. L. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.06.736788</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Male and female Drosophila suzukii maintain extended, stable flight headings to a discrete sun stimulus.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.01.735787v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mosaic evolution of avian brain compartments revealed by comparative MRI 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.01.735787v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Birds evolved large, cognitively capable forebrains independently of mammals, yet comparative analyses of avian brain organization have been constrained by the lack of standardized resources capable of resolving internal parcellation and long-range connectivity across species. Here, we present a comparative MRI resource spanning 16 avian species representing major clades and diverse ecological niches. We analyzed high-resolution T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted datasets suitable for direct interspecific comparison. T2-weighted morphometry revealed pronounced region-specific variation in internal brain architecture, including lineage-dependent differences in the relative prominence of major brain divisions and commissural structures, supporting a pattern of mosaic diversification rather than uniform scaling. To validate MRI-derived anatomical boundaries, we compared MRI parcellations with complementary histological analyses in three representative taxa (the large-billed crow, gentoo penguin, and mandarin duck), demonstrating close correspondence between MRI-defined borders and cytoarchitectonic transitions identified by Nissl staining, as well as major myelinated compartments visualized by Luxol Fast Blue staining. Moreover, diffusion MRI tractography and fractional anisotropy (FA) mapping further revealed both conserved and species-specific features of large-scale brain organization. Seed-based tractography of the optic lobe, dorsal cortex, cerebellum, and anterior cortex in chick, gentoo penguin, and large-billed crow revealed conserved within-compartment trajectory patterns alongside marked region-specific interspecific differences, particularly in optic-lobe-associated long-range trajectories. Whole-brain FA maps revealed complementary variation in regional microstructural organization across taxa. Together, this comparative MRI framework provides a cross-validated foundation for linking internal brain anatomy and long-range connectivity to ecological and evolutionary diversification in birds, with broader applications to comparative neuroanatomy across amniotes.

Significance StatementHow does the internal architecture of the brain reorganize as species adapt to diverse lifestyles? Traditional comparative neuroanatomy has largely relied on overall brain size and external morphology, providing limited insight into internal subdivisions and long-range connectivity. In this study, we present a standardized avian MRI resource and a reproducible analytical pipeline that enables direct cross-species comparisons of 3D morphometry and diffusion-derived connectivity across 16 bird species representing major clades and diverse ecological niches. MRI-derived anatomical boundaries are validated through complementary histological analyses, providing biological support for cross-species parcellation and white-matter measurements. Using this framework, we demonstrate that avian brains diversify in a strongly mosaic manner, with region-and pathway-specific changes that vary disproportionately across lineages rather than scaling uniformly with overall brain size. By moving beyond simple correlations between brain size and behavior, this resource provides a benchmark for testing hypotheses of mosaic brain evolution and for linking neural architecture to ecological and behavioral diversification across vertebrates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Kumamoto, T., Kawabe, Y., Tsurugizawa, T., Ohtaka-Maruyama, C. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.07.01.735787</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mosaic evolution of avian brain compartments revealed by comparative MRI]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.30.735459v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural assembly of the glycan-rich, chitin-reinforced adhesive of Hydra is coordinated by a lectin-like protein, HvAb1 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.30.735459v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aquatic animals deploy adhesives, in numerous essential functions, and reversibility is a key adaptation. The molecular mechanisms of reversible wet adhesion remain poorly understood. Using a model organism, the freshwater cnidarian Hydra vulgaris, we dissect the mechanism of molecular assembly in a secreted adhesive and uncover a glycan and protein-based architecture organized by a lectin-like protein, Hydra vulgaris adhesive protein 1 (HvAb1). We identify HvAb1 as a nonredundant organizer of the adhesive matrix, being basal-disc specific and secreted. Knockdown of HvAb1 severely impaired attachment and disrupted footprint architecture in a mosaic pattern, with only HvAb1-positive regions of the adhesive footprint retaining their normal structure. The adhesive is wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-reactive and contains a fibrillar chitin-based sub-network, synthesized by a basal-disc-specific chitin synthase. Applying exogeneous chitinase abolished both WGA staining and Hydra attachment, indicating that WGA-positive components perform essential roles in adhesion. Our results therefore describe a glycan-dominated matrix, organized via a lectin-like protein (HvAb1), which is reinforced by chitin and enables reversible adhesion underwater. This establishes Hydra as a tractable model to better understand the principles of reversible adhesion underwater and, potentially, inform future bioinspired, sustainable adhesives.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Achrainer, M., Ofer, J., Kanetscheider, M., Polz, L., Aldred, N., Gruener, K., Redl, S., Neumann, A., Seybold, A., Hobmayer, B., Lengerer, B. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.30.735459</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural assembly of the glycan-rich, chitin-reinforced adhesive of Hydra is coordinated by a lectin-like protein, HvAb1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.29.735413v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quasi-static force requirements are not sufficient to explain arolium engagement in climbing Argentine ants 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.29.735413v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Argentine ants (Linepithema humile) utilize adhesive pads (arolia) to climb smooth surfaces. Previous research found that ants can adjust their individual arolium engagement according to their locomotion mode. However, it remains unclear how they distribute arolium engagement across multiple limbs to climb effectively, and how arolium engagement varies within a climbing step. As the arolium is a well-known adhesive organ, we hypothesized that engagement across different legs is distributed according to the normal forces required for balancing the body during climbing. To test this, we measured Argentine ants arolium engagement on a vertical glass surface using a Frustrated Total Internal Reflection (FTIR) sensor and compared it to the required normal forces from a quasi-static model. Contrary to the required normal force, the measured arolium engagement was asymmetric between upward and downward climbing, and changed over time. Our results indicated that the quasi-static force requirements are not sufficient to explain arolium engagement in climbing Argentine ants, and suggested that other factors, such as body dynamics, ants anatomy and behavioral preferences, should be included.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Cao, Y., Chacon, A., Valluri, A., Mueller, L. O., Gravish, N. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-07-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.29.735413</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quasi-static force requirements are not sufficient to explain arolium engagement in climbing Argentine ants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-07-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.22.733504v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epigenetic age acceleration is associated with contaminant exposure in common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.22.733504v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metals and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) represent a significant environmental concern, yet their association with epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) remain largely understudied in marine mammals. Here, associations between EAA in common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) and life history (sex and sexual maturity), trace metals, and PFAS were investigated. EAA was calculated as the residual in the regression of epigenetic age vs chronological age, hence providing a direct measure of the deviation of the epigenetic age of an organism (positive or negative) by comparison with expectation, given their actual chronological age. Sixteen trace elements were quantified in hepatic and renal tissues (n = 53). In addition, 28 PFAS were quantified in hepatic tissue (n = 58). Associations between EAA and explanatory variables were assessed using regression-based and multivariate modelling approaches (linear models and canonical analysis of principal coordinates). No effect of sex was observed, although sexual maturity did significantly increase EAA. Exposure to metals was significantly associated with EAA, explaining 55.4% of the variation, with hepatic metals (Se, Zn, Cu, Al, Mn) driving this relationship. Although EAA was not significantly related to the total PFAS exposure overall, a subset of PFAS variables (PFBA, PFDA, PFHxS-B, PFNA) showed significant association with EAA after adjusting for sex and sexual maturity. Together, these subsets of metal and PFAS variables, in addition to the selenium-to-mercury (Se:Hg) molar ratio, explained 66.7% of the variation in EAA. Our results identify sexual maturity and specific contaminant mixtures as key potential drivers of EAA in common dolphins, highlighting the possible use of EAA as a biomarker of environmental and physiological stress in marine mammals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Lattmann, A. C., Hanninger, E.-M. F., Betty, E. L., Shen, X., Anderson, M. J., Gaw, S., Mann, S. S., Gao, W., Peters, K. J., Yi, S., Jokela, J. W., Stockin, K. A. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.22.733504</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epigenetic age acceleration is associated with contaminant exposure in common dolphins (Delphinus delphis)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.22.733819v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systematic revision of the suborder Astrophorina (Porifera: Demospongiae) in the temperate Northeast Pacific 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.22.733819v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This study presents a systematic revision of the suborder Astrophorina for the temperate Pacific coast of the United States and Canada. Major findings include a reduction in the number of species previously thought to range into the region from Japan; validation of most Geodia species erected by Lendenfeld (1910), which were later synonymized by de Laubenfels (1932); the formal description of 10 new species (Poecillastra alaskensis sp. nov., Vulcanella explorata sp. nov., Vulcanella rupta sp. nov., Stelletta cardenasi sp. nov., Stelletta nicolenya sp. nov., Stelletta limuwensis sp. nov., Dercitus (Stoeba) giveni sp. nov., Penares anyapax sp. nov., Penares foxi sp. nov., and Thenea diastra sp. nov.); and one new combination, Penares orientalis comb. nov. Extensive SCUBA-based collection efforts yielded new samples for 11 of the 26 species identified in the region, which enabled an integrative taxonomic approach that combined field photography, fresh material for DNA sequencing, and improved characterization of species ranges and morphological variability in previously described taxa. Illumina sequencing generated complete nuclear ribosomal haplotypes for five species, while Sanger sequencing of the 28S and cox1 loci placed 20 of the 26 species within molecular phylogenies. The use of very short "mini-barcode" amplicons also enabled sequence recovery from historic type specimens up to 137 years old. This study additionally reports the discovery of sponge grounds of abundant, large Geodia at diving depths in Southern California. Together, these results substantially advance our understanding of global astrophorid diversity and systematics, and the biogeography of sponge diversity in the Northeast Pacific.

Note about species names: this pre-print is not intended to be a publication of the associated species names for the purposes of zoological nomenclature.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Turner, T. L. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.22.733819</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systematic revision of the suborder Astrophorina (Porifera: Demospongiae) in the temperate Northeast Pacific]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.21.733634v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Specializations in Tail Anatomy of the Lesser Egyptian Jerboa (Jaculus jaculus) Compared with the Mouse and Rat 
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</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.21.733634v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mammal tails have long been recognized for their diversity of morphological form and function, however, there remains a substantial gap between the motivation to understand and emulate the various performance functions of the tail and what is known about tail anatomy. In this study, we were motivated to discover the anatomical foundations of the fast, whipping motions of the tail of the lesser Egyptian jerboa (Jaculus jaculus), which may aid in the quick changes of direction as the animal escapes from predators using ricochetal bipedal hopping. We employed microCT scans, dissections, and museum data to describe the musculoskeletal anatomy of the jerboa in comparison with the laboratory mouse (Mus musculus) and rat (Rattus norvegicus). While many aspects of tail anatomy are conserved across these species, the jerboa does possess unique characteristics such as an extremely long tail arising from caudal vertebral elongation, development of extensive dorsal musculature differentiated into lateral and medial components to increase points of skeletal attachment, and a novel anatomical feature - the bi-lobed cranial transverse process - which serves as a supernumerary dorsal tendon attachment site and possible brace to protect the ventral tendons and intrinsic muscles for a section of caudal vertebrae which likely experiences high mechanical stress.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Miyamae, J. A., Moore, T. Y. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.21.733634</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Specializations in Tail Anatomy of the Lesser Egyptian Jerboa (Jaculus jaculus) Compared with the Mouse and Rat]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.20.733498v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intraspecific morphological variability of the invasive mosquito Aedes koreicus in Europe: genetic characterisation and population-level insights 
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</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.20.733498v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe invasive mosquito Aedes koreicus has established populations in several European countries during the past decade, raising increasing public health concerns due to its potential role as a vector of pathogens. While species identification is primarily based on morphological characters, Ae. koreicus exhibits distinct morphological variants originating from mainland Korea and Jeju Island, which complicates surveillance and may lead to misidentification, particularly in regions where closely related species co-occur. To date, the genetic basis and population-level relevance of these morphological forms in Europe remain poorly understood.

MethodsWe investigated the co-occurrence of two morphological forms of Ae. koreicus in Hungary, representing the first confirmed European location where both forms were detected sympatrically and even within the same breeding sites. Adult mosquitoes were morphologically characterised using diagnostic traits, and individuals representing both morphotypes were subjected to comprehensive genetic analyses. We sequenced multiple mitochondrial markers (COX1, COX2, COX3, ATP6, ND1, ND3) and the nuclear ITS2 region using Oxford Nanopore long-read sequencing. Phylogenetic reconstructions and haplotype network analyses were applied to assess genetic differentiation between morphotypes and to compare them with Aedes japonicus as a closely related reference species.

ResultsAcross all analysed mitochondrial and nuclear markers, no genetic differentiation was detected between specimens identified as the "mainland" or "Jeju-do" morphological forms of Ae. koreicus. Phylogenetic and haplotype network analyses consistently grouped individuals independently of their morphotype, indicating a shared genetic background at the population level. In contrast, Ae. japonicus formed a clearly distinct genetic lineage, confirming the robustness of the applied markers for interspecific discrimination.

ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that the observed morphological variability in Ae. koreicus populations are not underpinned by detectable genetic differentiation using commonly applied mitochondrial and genomic markers. These findings highlight the limitations of using morphology alone to infer population origin or structure and emphasise the need for heightened awareness of intraspecific variability in routine surveillance. Accurate morphological identification remains critical, particularly in citizen science-based monitoring programmes and AI-based automatization platforms, such as Mosquito Alert, to avoid confusion with morphologically similar invasive species. Further studies integrating genomic and ecological approaches are required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying morphological variability in this emerging vector species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Kurucz, K., Zeghbib, S., Abraham, A., Tauber, Z., Banyai, K., Eritja, R., Kemenesi, G. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.20.733498</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intraspecific morphological variability of the invasive mosquito Aedes koreicus in Europe: genetic characterisation and population-level insights]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.16.732383v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Altricial, but not unusual: Comparative analysis of human dependency period within mammalian life history patterns 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.16.732383v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Humans are widely regarded as unusually slow to develop, exhibiting prolonged childhood and extended dependence on caregivers. However, this view is based primarily on comparisons with other primates, leaving unresolved whether humans remain distinctive within the broader diversity of mammals. We addressed this question by situating human development in a comparative framework using gestation length, weaning age, and age at sexual maturity for both sexes across 462 mammalian species representing 25 orders. Each trait was examined both as an absolute value and as a proportion of the longest verified captive lifespan. In absolute terms, human developmental traits fell within the upper range of mammalian variation. When expressed relative to lifespan, however, gestation shifted toward the lower end of the distribution, whereas weaning age and sexual maturity occupied intermediate positions, indicating that human developmental timing largely follows general mammalian scaling patterns rather than representing a pronounced outlier. These findings suggest that key features of human dependency are better understood as extensions of broader evolutionary trends than as uniquely human life-history characteristics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Akcan, C. D., Kece, D., Kerman, K. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.16.732383</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Altricial, but not unusual: Comparative analysis of human dependency period within mammalian life history patterns]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.14.732046v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Passive acoustic monitoring of Ensiferan calling diversity in a sub-tropical forest of Northeast India. 
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</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.14.732046v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ensiferans are nocturnal insects (Order Orthoptera) that produce mating advertisement calls using stridulatory organs on modified forewings. These calls, typically made by males, are species-specific and serve as indicators of forest health. In biodiverse ecosystems like the subtropical forests, caller density is high, and ecological constraints such as intra- and interspecific acoustic competition, masking interference, and predation pressure can influence calling behavior. These pressures lead to variation in call structures and differences in spatiotemporal acoustic space use, leading to variations in community call type composition across the seasons. Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM), a non-invasive and cost-effective technique, is widely used for long-term monitoring in vertebrate taxa, but is less commonly applied to terrestrial invertebrates. In this study, we employed PAM to quantify acoustic diversity, acoustic space use, separation of different call types, seasonal calling patterns, and seasonal variation in call type composition among nocturnal Ensiferan callers. Year-round recordings were conducted using AudioMoth devices in the Khasi Hills of Meghalaya, part of the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot, at a 48 kHz sampling rate. Acoustic samples were processed using Raven Pro software. We identified 33 distinct call types, mutually distinctly differing in spectral, temporal, or both parameters. Principal Component Analysis revealed fine-scale separation of call types. While there were seasonal shifts in call types, with the dry season having the least number of callers, overall call type composition remained stable across pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons. Acoustic Space Use (ASU) analysis indicated greater use of lower frequency bands consistent with ground cricket presence, as well as seasonal variation in spectral occupancy. This foundational study is the first of its kind in Northeast India and demonstrates the potential of PAM in studying invertebrate soundscapes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Ghosh, A., Borgohain, J., War, R. M., Rajaraman, B. K. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.14.732046</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Passive acoustic monitoring of Ensiferan calling diversity in a sub-tropical forest of Northeast India.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.12.731994v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Alliance formation and complexity of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) around Mikura Island, Japan 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.12.731994v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In this study, we investigate alliance formation and complexity in male Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins around Mikura Island using five years of data collected through underwater observations. Focusing on 18 mature males, we examined affiliative behaviors (proximity and rubbing), consortships, and associations. To determine male relationships, we evaluated a simple model (small units) and a complex model (large units). In both models, units were identified by association, and models were evaluated by the extent to which affiliative behaviors and consortship were concentrated within units. All types of behaviors were more concentrated within units determined by the complex model than the simple model, and thus the former was further investigated. The unit sizes determined by the complex model were three, seven, and eight, and variation in association frequency was observed within units. Within units, two to four males engaged in a single consortship irrespective of association frequency. Given that units are mediated by affiliative and cooperative relationships, it is reasonable to interpret units as alliances. Considering the variation in both alliance size and within-alliance relationships, as well as the fact that only a few males cooperate in a single consortship, we suggest that a multi-level structure is plausible in the Mikura community.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Nishitani, H., Morisaka, T., Kogi, K., Yoshioka, M. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.12.731994</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Alliance formation and complexity of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) around Mikura Island, Japan]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.12.731863v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Two Tube Volatile Assay: a non-contact benchtop bioassay for monitoring susceptibility to transfluthrin 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.12.731863v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionProgress against malaria has stalled since 2015, with insecticide resistance a key driver. Spatial emanators release volatile insecticides into the air, exposing mosquitoes through a route distinct from the tarsal contact used by treated nets, indoor residual spraying, and standard bioassays. Transfluthrin is currently monitored using the WHO bottle bioassay, which combines contact and vapour exposure and cannot isolate airborne effects. A scalable, vapour-only method is needed to characterise susceptibility to volatile pyrethroids.

MethodsWe adapted the WHO tube bioassay to deliver non-contact transfluthrin vapour exposure without contacting treated papers. Non-blood-fed female Anopheles were exposed to acetone control or transfluthrin papers at 0.005, 0.1 and 2 mg/paper. Knockdown was recorded over 60 minutes and mortality at 24 hours. Testing spanned three laboratories (LSTM, AIRID and KEMRI) using susceptible reference and resistant lab colonies. Dose response models estimated EC{square}{square} for knockdown (EC{square}{square}KD) and mortality (EC{square}{square}Mort), with resistance ratios (RR) against the local susceptible reference.

ResultsThe assay generated clear concentration- and time-dependent responses. At LSTM, Kisumu gave an EC{square}{square}KD of 0.052 and EC{square}{square}Mort of 0.054 mg/paper; Siaya was comparable (RR{square}{square}KD 1.17, RR{square}{square}Mort 0.89), whereas Tiassale 13 and KDR showed reduced susceptibility (RR{square}{square}KD 2.42 and 2.85; RR{square}{square}Mort 5.56 and 6.65). At AIRID, the resistant Cove strain did not reach 50% knockdown or mortality. At KEMRI, Siaya showed reduced susceptibility (RR{square}{square}KD 3.36/RR{square}{square}Mort 5.65). Kisumu at AIRID and KEMRI was comparable to LSTM (EC{square}{square}KD 0.007/EC{square}{square}Mort 0.030; EC{square}{square}KD 0.044/EC{square}{square}Mort 0.023). Despite inter-laboratory variation, susceptible strains remained distinguishable from resistant ones. Lower RRs than for contact pyrethroids suggest contact-based phenotypes may not predict vapour susceptibility.

ConclusionThe assay provides a practical benchtop method using standard WHO hardware, distinguishing susceptible from resistant strains across three laboratories. Twenty-four-hour mortality is the recommended endpoint, 60-minute knockdown secondary. Not yet validated, it provides a foundation for further validation and adaptation to other actives.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Praulins, G., Lewis, A., Hill, T., N'dombidj, B., Kaburu, S., Harvey, G., McDermott, D. P., Jones, J., Abong'o, B., Ochomo, E., Ngufor, C., Lees, R. S. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.12.731863</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Two Tube Volatile Assay: a non-contact benchtop bioassay for monitoring susceptibility to transfluthrin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.12.731583v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Global threat abatement potential for terrestrial vertebrates 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.12.731583v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
1.AimThe Species Threat Abatement and Restoration (STAR) metric was developed to support setting and measuring progress towards science-based targets for species conservation, in alignment with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. The STAR metric quantifies the potential reduction in species global extinction risk achievable through actions to abate threats (START) and restore habitat (STARR). The STAR metric is used across multiple sectors to assess contributions to nature-positive species outcomes and implement action for biodiversity. Here we present a substantially enhanced global estimate of START for terrestrial vertebrates. Developed in response to user demand, this work integrates advancements in methodology and data quality, increased spatial resolution, and addition of reptile species.

LocationGlobal

Time PeriodCurrent

Major taxa studiedTerrestrial vertebrates

MethodsSTART was estimated at 1km2 resolution for 9,100 species of threatened and Near Threatened birds, mammals, amphibians and reptiles, using IUCN Red List assessments (version 2025-1) and area of habitat (AOH) maps generated using an advanced data-driven methodology and satellite-derived land-cover data. AOH maps were validated using a two-stage protocol using species observation data.

ResultsThe six countries with the highest estimated START scores, and therefore the largest individual potential to reduce global extinction risk via tackling threats nationally were Brazil, Madagascar, Indonesia, Mexico, Ecuador and Colombia (each contributing over 5% of global estimated START). The threat with the greatest individual potential to reduce extinction risk was annual and perennial non-timber crops (21.2% of global START).

Main conclusionsTargeted actions to tackle a few high-impact threats in a few discrete locations, and cumulative effort across multiple areas with lower individual potential, are both required to meaningfully reduce species extinction risk through threat abatement. This global scale estimation of START enables consistent scoping of conservation opportunity over large areas and provides the critical initial data to support planning and action.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Ridley, F. A., Bennun, L., Brooks, T. M., Butchart, S. H. M., Dales, M. W., Hawkins, F., Jimenez, R. R., Macfarlane, N. B. W., Mcgowan, P. J., Starnes, T., Tarr, S., Turner, J. A., Baisero, D., Chanson, J., Cox, N., Menon, V., Neam, K., Pacifici, M., Rodriguez, A., Rodriguez, J. P., Rondinini, C., Mair, L. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.12.731583</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Global threat abatement potential for terrestrial vertebrates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.11.731532v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolutionary biomechanics of maximum running speed in spiders (Araneae) 
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</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.11.731532v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundMaximum running speed is a central performance trait, linking morphology, physiology and behaviour to fitness. It is shaped by physical capacity and ecological selection but may also be constrained by ancestry. To examine how these forces interact across macroevolutionary timescales, we conducted an allometric study in a hyper-diverse arthropod taxon--spiders (Araneae).

ResultsDrawing on running performance data for 258 species from 64 of the 139 extant spider families, we integrated phylogenetic comparative methods and biomechanical modelling to disentangle the effects of body size, ancestry, leg morphology, ecological guild and preferred locomotor orientation. Maximum running speed varied substantially, both across body mass and among species of similar body mass. By accounting for body mass with a recent biomechanical model, we show that size-specific performance carries a strong phylogenetic signal, and that high-performing runners first evolved within the derived infraorder Araneomorphae.Strong running performance, after accounting for both body size and shared ancestry, was associated with relatively longer legs and, to a lesser extent, ecological guild, but not with leg slenderness or a preference for inverted versus upright locomotion.

ConclusionsMacroevolutionary patterns of running performance thus reflect not only variation in body size, but also size-specific leg morphology, ecological differentiation and phylogenetic history. We hope this study contributes to the development of formal evolutionary biomechanics--one that seeks to explain patterns of diversity through the explicit integration of large-scale comparative data, natural history and quantitative models derived from first principles.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Kuchibhotla, S., Kelly, M., Jackel, V., Bane, E., Beck, H. K., Wolff, J. O., Labonte, D. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.11.731532</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolutionary biomechanics of maximum running speed in spiders (Araneae)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.08.730791v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mapping feather vane structure across the avian wing: spatial variation, asymmetry, and the effect of flight style 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.08.730791v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Flight feather vanes are the primary aerodynamic surface of the avian wing. Because loading varies across the wing, vane macrostructure should co-vary with local mechanical demands, yet comparative data on how barb and barbule traits change among remiges and between vane surfaces remain scarce. We quantified barb density, barbule density, barb angle, barb length, and vane width on both vanes at three measurement positions along the rachis of all remiges in four species with contrasting flight modes (white stork, common buzzard, house sparrow, pygmy cormorant), generating over 40,000 measurements across 15 response variables from 992 feathers of 41 individuals. Two complementary generalised additive models characterised variation along the spanwise, inter-vane, and longitudinal axes, and compared outer primaries, inner primaries, and secondaries as functional wing regions. Feather macrostructure varied along all three axes and outer primaries represent the most distinctive region, with lower leading-vane barb density, reduced barb angles, and vane width asymmetry two to three times higher than in inner primaries or secondaries. House sparrow exhibited the densest vane architecture and the highest vane width asymmetry, whereas the low wing-beat frequency species showed complex nonlinear spanwise patterns undetectable by single-feather sampling. Pygmy cormorant barbule density was 39-53% lower than in all other species, matching its wettable plumage strategy. Longitudinal gradients in barb density and barb angle (22-31% decline) were conserved across species. The avian wing is thus functionally regionalised at the macrostructural level, with vane architecture reflecting both aerodynamic and ecological pressures.

Summary statementFine-scale vane measurements across all remiges in four species show macrostructural regionalisation of the avian wing, with outer primaries showing the most distinctive vane architecture.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Osvath, G., David, D.-C., Vargancsik, D., Nagy, L. J., Andrea Feher, A., Zsolt Kovacs, Z., Lendvai, A. Z., Vincze, O., Nudds, R. L., Vagasi, C. I., Pap, P. L. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.08.730791</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mapping feather vane structure across the avian wing: spatial variation, asymmetry, and the effect of flight style]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.09.731170v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Drift drives phenotypic evolution in a rapid island radiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.09.731170v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding the processes that generate phenotypic diversity is central to explaining how new species form1,2. Evolutionary theory predicts that rapid evolution of signaling traits, such as feather coloration, can promote speciation3,4 but empirical support is inconsistent5,6. Phenotypic divergence of such traits is expected during speciation4, but these microevolutionary dynamics are rarely examined at macroevolutionary scales or linked to underlying population demography. Here, we leverage complete taxon sampling across an iconic insular bird radiation that helped shape early theories of allopatric speciation. We integrate whole-genome data with a comprehensive, fine-scale dataset of whole-body plumage coloration to directly test whether signaling trait evolution covaries with lineage diversification and to disentangle the roles of selection and drift. We find that lineages with faster rates of color evolution diversify more rapidly. Strikingly, rates of color evolution accelerate as genomic diversity declines, providing direct evidence that genetic drift--rather than strong sexual or ecological selection--can drive rapid phenotypic change in small, isolated insular populations. Together, these results provide compelling evidence that neutral demographic processes can accelerate the evolution of sexual signals and play a central role in generating phenotypic diversity during island radiations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ McCullough, J., Eliason, C., Shultz, A., Aguillon, S., Tan, D. J. X., Machado Stredel, F., Hackett, S. J., Myers, C. E., Andersen, M. J. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.09.731170</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Drift drives phenotypic evolution in a rapid island radiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.05.730359v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Diversity of Mammal Fauna in a Remnant of the Atlantic Forest in the Middle of a Megalopolis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.05.730359v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A remnant Atlantic Forest fragment within Sao Paulos urban environment supports six mammal species, with Didelphis being most abundant, while maintaining natural temporal activity patterns and successful reproduction, demonstrating the conservation value of small protected areas within megacities for preserving native wildlife despite intense anthropic pressure. The Forest Reserve of the Institute of Biosciences (FRIB) is a remnant of the Atlantic Forest located at the University of Sao Paulo, city of Sao Paulo campus, in Brazil. Despite urban pressures such as altered food resources, pollution, pathogens, and interactions with invasive and domestic species, several wildlife species persist, demonstrating adaptability to urban environments. This study aimed to sample the mammal species diversity of FRIB using camera traps. A total of 367 records of six mammal species were obtained over 107 days of sampling, between June and November 2024, resulting in 7,872 hours of sampling effort. The species recorded were Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix penicillata, Didelphis aurita, Didelphis albiventris, and unidentified species of the orders Chiroptera and Rodentia. Didelphis sp. was the most recorded genera with 201 records. These results highlight the significance of this forest fragment in protecting wild animals in an environment facing intense anthropic pressure.

ResumoA Reserva Florestal do Instituto de Biociencias (FRIB) e um remanescente da Mata Atlantica situado na Universidade de Sao Paulo, em Sao Paulo, Brasil. Apesar das pressoes urbanas, como mudancas nos recursos alimentares, poluicao, patogenos e interacoes com especies invasoras ou domesticas, diversas especies de animais selvagens continuam existindo, evidenciando sua capacidade de adaptacao aos ambientes urbanos. O objetivo deste estudo foi amostrar a diversidade de especies de mamiferos da FRIB atraves de armadilhas fotograficas. Durante um periodo de 107 dias de amostragem, de junho e novembro de 2024, foram obtidos 367 registros de seis especies diferentes de mamiferos, totalizando 7.872 horas de esforco. As especies registradas foram Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix penicillata, Didelphis aurita, Didelphis albiventris, alem de especies nao identificadas das ordens Chiroptera e Rodentia. Didelphis sp. foi o genero com maior numero de registros (n=201). Esses resultados ressaltam a importancia desse fragmento florestal na protecao da fauna selvagem em um ambiente que enfrenta intensa pressao antropica.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Furtado, M., Goncalves, A. F., Fernandes, M. S., Porfirio, G. E. O., Camargo, M. M. d. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.05.730359</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Diversity of Mammal Fauna in a Remnant of the Atlantic Forest in the Middle of a Megalopolis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.03.729827v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Drivers of space use in a large semi-urban feral ungulate under seasonally fluctuating resource conditions 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.03.729827v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Resource scarcity prompts animals to adjust their space use in ways that enhance their survival. In wild herbivores, seasonal habitat shifts are well studied; however, little is known about how large herbivores navigate human-dominated landscapes under fluctuating resource conditions. In Hong Kong, feral water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis; henceforth buffalo) experience declines in body condition score during the dry season. While buffalo expand spatial ranges in the dry season, whether this expansion reflects access to improved ecological conditions, and how key anthropogenic factors (like distance to roads and human density) further influence space use, remains understudied. We observed six buffalo herds (n=92 known individuals) across one wet (July-September 2023) and one dry (January-March 2024) season. We recorded herd locations and extracted remotely sensed habitat and environmental data. We used Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) as a proxy of vegetation productivity and included elevation, distance to roads, and human density as additional predictors. We hypothesized that dry-season space use would shift toward higher vegetation productivity, and that anthropogenic factors would have weak influence on space use due to the adaption of buffalo in human-dominated landscapes. We found that buffalo used areas with higher vegetation productivity and higher elevation in the dry season than in the wet. Distance to roads and human density had no detectable effect. Our findings reveal that space use by a large herbivore like buffalo in human-dominated landscapes is strategic and resource driven, and that these seasonal shifts may have important implications for local biodiversity and human-animal interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Bhattacharjee, D., Flay, K. J., Mumby, H. S., Zhang, J., Wu, J., McElligott, A. G. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.03.729827</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Drivers of space use in a large semi-urban feral ungulate under seasonally fluctuating resource conditions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.04.730103v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Karyotype evolution of angel insects (Zoraptera) 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.04.730103v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Our study provides the first comprehensive karyotype evolution analysis of the insect order Zoraptera. We present karyotypic descriptions of seven species across two families: Zorotypidae (Usazoros hubbardi and two Zorotypus spp.) and Spiralizoridae (Centrozoros gurneyi, Spiralizoros magnicaudelli, and two Spiralizorose spp.). These results facilitate a critical evaluation of existing cytogenetic knowledge in Zoraptera and the evolution of karyotypic traits across Polyneoptera. Most notably, we refute the presence of holocentric chromosomes in Zoraptera. Also, we show that the XY sex chromosome system is prevalent and likely ancestral within the order. Furthermore, by integrating the chromosome numbers of the studied species with a dated molecular phylogeny of Zoraptera, we provide the first estimation of the mode of chromosome number evolution for this group. Finally, standard karyotypic features (2n, chromosome morphology, and size) and the distribution of 18S rDNA and (TTAGG) telomeric motif clusters--detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization--reveal highly differentiated karyotypes and genomic structures. This genetic diversity contrasts sharply with the recognized morphological uniformity of Zoraptera.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Jankasek, M., Kocarkova, I., Kocarek, P., Stahlavsky, F. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.04.730103</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Karyotype evolution of angel insects (Zoraptera)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.01.728072v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A horizontally transferred fungal deubiquitinase facilitates insecticides resistance in whitefly 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.01.728072v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) has enabled insects to acquire novel genetic material that can fuel adaptation to environmental change. However, the role of HGT in the evolution of insecticide resistance remains poorly characterised. Here, we identify BtUCH19, a fungal gene that has integrated into the genome of the global pest Bemisia tabaci and functions as a deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB). We show that compared to endogenous DUB, BtUCH19 specifically removes K63-linked ubiquitin chains from a cytochrome P450, CYP4C64, thereby stabilizing this key detoxification enzyme in vivo. Sustained CYP4C64 abundance enhances metabolic detoxification of two commonly used insecticides thiamethoxam (TMX) and clothianidin (CLO) to their low-toxicity products TMX-Urea and CLO-Urea. Consequently, BtUCH19 drives insecticide resistance through a novel "HGT-PTM-Metab" axis. Our work reveals the instrumental role of a HGT in orchestrating ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS)-mediated protein level regulation of a key detoxification pathway. These findings offer new insights into the intricate mechanisms underlying co-evolutionary biology, and provide a new molecular target for Integrated Pest Management (IPM).
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Lu, H., Zhang, C., Hu, J., Wang, C., Zhang, R., Huang, M., Tan, Q., Yin, C., Xia, J., Wu, Y., Zhou, X., Nauen, R., Zhang, Y.-J., Bass, C., Yang, X. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.01.728072</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A horizontally transferred fungal deubiquitinase facilitates insecticides resistance in whitefly]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.05.30.729000v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Endangered Species Act listing is linked with greater research effort for U.S. butterflies 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.05.30.729000v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Conservation strategies for at-risk species can be aided significantly by research on topics such as ecology, life history, and threats, yet research effort is lacking for many species facing elevated extinction risk. Here we investigated whether listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) was associated with research effort for U.S. butterflies, and whether that effort was higher before or after ESA listing. We found that ESA-listed species had significantly more peer-reviewed publications than non-listed species after accounting for species range and taxonomic family. Further, we showed that more papers were published per year after ESA listing than before. These findings confirm that ESA-listed species benefit from greater research attention that can support data-informed conservation efforts. However, the relative scarcity of studies prior to ESA listing, as well as the lack of research for many unlisted, at-risk taxa, underscores the need for proactive, strategic research effort to inform conservation action.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Walsh, R. L., Martin, N. W., de Bem Oliveira, I., Daniels, J. C., Guralnick, R. P., Kawahara, A. Y. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.05.30.729000</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Endangered Species Act listing is linked with greater research effort for U.S. butterflies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.05.31.729009v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The mitochondrial genome of the hammerhead flatworm Bipalium nobile and its phylogenetic implications 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.05.31.729009v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We sequenced the nearly complete mitochondrial genome of the hammerhead flatworm Bipalium nobile Kawakatsu and Makino, 1982 using short-read sequencing technology, yielding a 16,018 bp genome comprising 12 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 2 rRNA genes. The composition and order of genes were consistent with those observed in the closely related species Bipalium kewense and Diversibipalium multilineatum, except for the position of tRNA-Glu. Phylogenetic analysis based on all mitochondrial proteins from species within the family Geoplanidae supports the monophyly of a clade comprising B. nobile, B. kewense, and D. multilineatum. The mitochondrial genome sequence obtained in this study provides a valuable resource for investigating the genetic diversity and population structure of B. nobile, a soil-dwelling predator with the potential for global spread as an invasive organism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Omura, M., Tomihara, S., Minei, R., Haraguchi, D., Wada, S. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.05.31.729009</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The mitochondrial genome of the hammerhead flatworm Bipalium nobile and its phylogenetic implications]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.05.28.728611v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Static allometry of the horn and pronotal depression in adult Oryctes rhinoceros supports continuous nonlinearity, sexual dimorphism, and size-independent covariation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.05.28.728611v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Exaggerated insect traits often show positive allometry, yet nonlinear scaling can reflect either continuous curvature or discrete morphs. Distinguishing between these alternatives is important because they imply different developmental and evolutionary scenarios. Using cross-sectional data from 1,000 adult Oryctes rhinoceros, we analyzed the static allometry of nine traits with pronotum width as the primary body-size proxy and body length for sensitivity analyses. Cross-validated comparisons among linear, continuous nonlinear, and two-component mixture models showed that continuous nonlinear models improved predictive performance over linear models for horn length and pronotal depression width in both sexes. By contrast, mixture regression did not outperform the best continuous model in either sex, providing no positive support for discrete within-sex dimorphism under the tested model set. After accounting for body size, horn length remained positively associated with pronotal depression width, indicating size-independent covariation. These associations were retained when body length was used instead of pronotum width, supporting robustness to body-size proxy choice. Together, these results support continuous nonlinear adult scaling of the horn and pronotal depression in O. rhinoceros and indicate covariation not attributable solely to body size under the tested model set.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Okahara, M., Niimi, T., Morita, S. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.05.28.728611</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Static allometry of the horn and pronotal depression in adult Oryctes rhinoceros supports continuous nonlinearity, sexual dimorphism, and size-independent covariation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.05.29.728840v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Peak performance is repeatable and captures large individual differences in ruby-throated hummingbirds 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.05.29.728840v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Locomotor performance often determines the outcome of interactions with competitors, predators, and prey. In flying animals, the asymptotic load-lifting assay measures maximal muscle power output in vertical flight. Previous studies of small birds have shown that load-lifting performance is linked to flight maneuverability and the outcome of competitive species interactions. Here, we quantify sources of performance variation within a species, namely repeatability, and determine the number of trials that accurately capture individual differences. We conducted 124 load-lifting trials on 13 wild-caught male ruby-throated hummingbirds (Archilochus colubris), testing each individual repeatedly over a 3-day period. We report large individual differences in peak performance, with 70% of the total variation in lifted mass attributed to differences among males. Notably, these differences in muscle performance are independent of body mass and size. An additional 23% of the variation in lifted mass was due to short-term fluctuations, wherein a given males performance varied across trials and days. We find no systematic effects of experience or time on load-lifting performance. Using simulation, we test the effect of different sampling protocols for measuring individual performance, and show that single-trial protocols yield the highest repeatabilities, but are less suitable for capturing the true underlying differences among individuals. We discuss recommendations for future studies that aim to measure maximum performance. Overall, our results show that the asymptotic load-lifting assay reveals large individual differences and can closely reflect individuals true maximum capacity.

Summary statementMale ruby-throated hummingbirds exhibit large, consistent differences in load-lifting performance, highlighting peak flight performance as a potential driver of differences in competitive abilities between conspecifics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Gagnon, E. C., Rios-Orjuela, J. C., Pilon, L., Hentschel, P., Dansereau, A., Segre, P. S., Dakin, R. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-05-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.05.29.728840</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Peak performance is repeatable and captures large individual differences in ruby-throated hummingbirds]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-05-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.05.29.728744v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Range-wide validation of reduced locomotor endurance in unisexual Ambystoma salamanders 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.05.29.728744v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LILocomotor endurance is a critical physiological trait dictating terrestrial dispersal and metapopulation connectivity, especially in amphibians.
C_LIO_LIThe unisexual Ambystoma complex is an ancient, all-female polyploid lineage that reproduces via kleptogenesis. This unique reproductive mode creates an evolutionary mismatch between a conserved mitochondrial genome and divergent nuclear subgenomes that are taken from sympatric, sexual species. This provides a compelling system for testing the physiological limits of polyploidy and how subgenome composition influences phenotypes. Previous locomotor assessments of this lineage demonstrate that polyploid salamanders display reduced locomotor endurance compared to sexual species. To overcome previous limitations in geographic sampling and sample size, we conducted standardized treadmill endurance trials on a broad geographic sampling of 110 salamanders, comparing the performance of triploid unisexual biotypes (LJJ and LLJ) directly to their sexually reproducing parental species (A. jeffersonianum and A. laterale).
C_LIO_LIWe found that biotype significantly dictates endurance performance. Both sexual species demonstrated significantly greater total distance traveled prior to exhaustion compared to the unisexual hybrids. But within the unisexual cohort, subgenome dosage influenced performance: LJJ individuals outperformed LLJ individuals, aligning with A. jeffersonianum demonstrating greater endurance than A. laterale.
C_LIO_LIWe propose that the aerobic capacity of unisexual salamanders is limited, potentially due to mitonuclear mismatch or the biophysical constraints of increased cellular volume. This endurance deficit is likely to restrict unisexual salamanders dispersal capabilities, leaving populations uniquely vulnerable to ongoing habitat fragmentation compared to more mobile, sexual species
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Majewski, B., Castetter, J., Bilbrey, G., Denton, R. D. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-05-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.05.29.728744</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Range-wide validation of reduced locomotor endurance in unisexual Ambystoma salamanders]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-05-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.05.29.728826v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Automated analysis of feeding dynamics from electromyographic recordings in a blood-sucking insect 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.05.29.728826v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Feeding behavior in blood-sucking insects relies on gustatory evaluation to decide on sustained ingestion, yet quantifying this process from electromyogram (EMG) recordings is labor-intensive. Here we developed MyoRec, an automated computational framework employing machine learning to analyse EMG signals from the triatomine bug Rhodnius prolixus. Using recordings under appetitive and aversive conditions, a convolutional neural network detected ingestion events with 97.7% accuracy. Automated analysis revealed distinct feeding dynamics, with prolonged ingestion and higher pumping frequency under appetitive stimuli, compared to rapid feeding cessation under aversive stimuli. MyoRec substantially reduces analysis time while maintaining accuracy, providing a scalable tool to investigate how gustatory cues modulate feeding decisions in hematophagous insects.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Salas Morales, H., Ortega-Insaurralde, I., Armentano, M., Monteserin, A., Schilman, P. E., Barrozo, R. B. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-05-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.05.29.728826</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Automated analysis of feeding dynamics from electromyographic recordings in a blood-sucking insect]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-05-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
</rdf:RDF>
