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<title>bioRxiv Subject Collection: Cancer Biology</title>
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This feed contains articles for bioRxiv Subject Collection "Cancer Biology"
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<link>https://www.biorxiv.org</link>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.15.717430v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Oncogenic Ras-Src-cortactin signaling rewires actin-generated forces to drive basement membrane rupture and initiate breast cancer invasion 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.15.717430v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Oncogenic HRas activation plays a fundamental role in tumorigenesis, yet the cellular mechanisms by which HRas downstream signaling drives basement membrane (BM) disruption during early breast cancer invasion remain unclear. Using HRas-inducible breast spheroids, we demonstrate that HRas rewires cellular mechanotransduction of tumor-associated extracellular matrix stiffening to promote invasion. This process occurs independently of canonical myosin II-mediated contractility and proteolytic BM degradation. Transcriptomic and kinome profiling identified an HRas-Src-cortactin-Arp2/3 signaling axis that generates disruptive mechanical BM stress. We describe cortical triplet (CT) structures, defined by cortactin-dependent actin reinforcement and localized BM loss. CTs integrate increased cortical tension, actin polymerization forces, and myosin I-dependent contractility, thereby predicting invasion events. Pharmacological inhibition of Src or Arp2/3 reduced CT formation and invasion. Furthermore, elevated expression of HRas-cortactin-Arp2/3 axis components correlated with poor patient survival. Together, these findings uncover a previously unrecognized mechanism of early breast cancer invasion and highlight potential therapeutic targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Platz-Baudin, E., Eschenbruch, J., Herfs, Y., Dreissen, G., Wein, R., van der Vorst, E. P., Rose, M., Merkel, R., Noetzel, E. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.15.717430</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Oncogenic Ras-Src-cortactin signaling rewires actin-generated forces to drive basement membrane rupture and initiate breast cancer invasion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.15.718780v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Therapy-associated mutagenesis at CTCF binding sites is shaped by chromatin context and DNA repair capacity 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.15.718780v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genotoxic cancer therapies introduce DNA damage that can be fixed as somatic mutations in surviving tumor cells. However, the impact of therapy-associated mutagenesis on regulatory elements remains unclear. CTCF binding sites (CBS) are chromatin architectural elements that exhibit recurrent localized mutation enrichment in cancer genomes. We asked whether treatment exposure is associated with increased mutagenesis at CBS in 4,870 whole-genome sequences from metastatic tumors across 17 cancer types and 45 therapies. Radiotherapy and trifluridine exposure in metastatic colorectal cancer were associated with increased mutation enrichment at CBS. This enrichment was pronounced at motif-containing sites and in low-expression or late-replicating genomic contexts. Alterations in DNA damage response genes, including BRCA2, were associated with increased CBS mutation enrichment following radiotherapy. Together, these findings indicate that therapy-associated mutagenesis at CTCF binding sites is shaped by chromatin context and DNA repair capacity, extending the mutational consequences of cancer treatment to regulatory genome architecture.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Cheng, K. C., Klein, Z. P., Mishra, J., Bahcheli, A. T., Lok, B. H., Pugh, T. J., Reimand, J. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.15.718780</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Therapy-associated mutagenesis at CTCF binding sites is shaped by chromatin context and DNA repair capacity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.14.718292v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An Endocytic Checkpoint Controls Macrophage PD-1 Function and Immunotherapy Fate 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.14.718292v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Responses to PD1 blockade span durable tumor control to hyperprogressive disease (HPD), yet innate immune mechanisms governing these extremes remain undefined. Here we integrate a macrophage systems atlas (>12,500 transcriptomes) with single-cell profiles from >1,000 anti PD1 treated patients, to identify CCDC88A (GIV) as a macrophage-intrinsic determinant of durable response versus HPD. GIV loss increases PD1 surface retention, suppresses phagocytosis, and accelerates tumor growth across murine models, human macrophages, and patient-derived organoids. Myeloid-specific GIV deletion converts PD1 blockade from tumor-restraining to tumor-accelerating by reprogramming macrophages toward HPD-like states. Mechanistically, GIV engages a conserved TIR-like [TILL] motif within the PD1 cytoplasmic tail to drive dynamin-dependent endocytosis, coupling innate immune signaling logic to checkpoint receptor trafficking. Pharmacologic disruption of this axis phenocopies GIV loss, revealing an endocytic vulnerability that undermines checkpoint efficacy and triggers accelerated growth at relapse. These findings define PD1 routing, rather than ligand-binding, as a macrophage-encoded checkpoint governing antitumor immunity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Mullick, M., McLaren, E., Roy, S., Biagas, B., Anandachar, M. S., Castillo, V., Williams, S., Espinoza, C. R., Tindle, C., Katkar, G. D., Thistlethwaite, P. A., Sinha, S., Ghosh, P. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.14.718292</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An Endocytic Checkpoint Controls Macrophage PD-1 Function and Immunotherapy Fate]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.14.715350v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
KDM6 Enzymes are the Mechanistic Targets of Mutant IDH that Dictate Replication Stress Sensitivity 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.14.715350v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cancer-associated isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations sensitize gliomas to replication stress, although the underlying mechanisms are unclear. IDH-mutant enzymes synthesize (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate (R2HG), which broadly inhibits 2-oxoglutarate-dependent enzymes. We performed forward genetic screens targeting all 2-oxoglutarate-dependent enzymes and discovered that KDM6 histone demethylases play a vital role in protecting cells from replication stress. Genetic or R2HG-mediated repression of KDM6 catalytic activity sensitized glioma cells to disparate replication stress-inducing drugs, including Ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) and dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitors. This liability is generalizable because KDM6A loss-of-function mutations commonly observed in urothelial carcinomas sensitized bladder cancer cells to DHODH inhibition, thereby phenocopying IDH mutations in glioma. To exploit these oncogene-induced replication stress vulnerabilities, we developed an effective, on-target, and well-tolerated DHODH inhibitor, GLIO-1, that is poised for clinical translation. Collectively, we reveal KDM6 activity as a fundamental determinant of replication stress sensitivity and nominate pan-cancer, mechanism-based biomarkers of ATR and DHODH inhibitor efficacy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Tsai, A. C.-Y., Lin, M. D., Puliyappadamba, V. T., Junginger, D. M., Donovan, V. G., Kaplan, E. G., Drepanos, L. M., Wakimoto, H., Cahill, D. P., Losman, J. A., Mouw, K. W., Abdullah, K. G., Doench, J. G., Nash, D., Vitt, D., Gege, C., Kohlhof, H., McBrayer, S. K., Kaelin, W. G., Shi, D. D. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.14.715350</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[KDM6 Enzymes are the Mechanistic Targets of Mutant IDH that Dictate Replication Stress Sensitivity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.14.718563v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pairwise genomic alterations identify prognostic tumor states in multiple cancer types 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.14.718563v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genomic models of cancer prognosis usually rely on individual genomic alterations, potentially overlooking clinically meaningful combinations of events. We analyzed genomic and clinical data from nearly 10,000 primary tumors across major cancer types to identify prognostic genomic interactions (PGIs), defined as pairs of genomic alterations whose joint status was associated with patient outcome beyond either alteration alone. By systematically integrating survival associations with pairwise combinations of recurrent copy-number alterations and frequently mutated driver genes, we identified 57 PGIs. These PGIs refined prognostic stratification and were linked to distinct transcriptomic programs representing immune-response, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and proliferation-related themes. Gene-level mapping highlighted dosage-sensitive candidate genes within recurrent copy-number regions, and gene essentiality profiles supported subsets of PGI-derived gene pairs. Two PGIs were validated in independent datasets. Together, these results establish a framework for identifying prognostic combinations of genomic alterations and connecting them to pathway programs, candidate genes, and functional dependencies in human tumors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Bayati, M., Mishra, J., Luhari, L., Farina-Morillas, M., Reimand, J. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.14.718563</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pairwise genomic alterations identify prognostic tumor states in multiple cancer types]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.14.718582v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiomic screening platform uncovers the impact of histone mutations on chromatin and cell fate 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.14.718582v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Somatic missense mutations in histone genes, often referred to as "oncohistones", have been identified in diverse types of human cancers. The functional and mechanistic impact of most oncohistones remains unknown. To address this gap, we developed CHANCLA, a modular platform for high-throughput functional screening of oncohistones using multiomic phenotypic readouts. We used CHANCLA to systematically measure the impact of 303 human oncohistones on cellular proliferation, differentiation, histone-specific post-translational modifications, and chromatin accessibility. Integrative multiomic analyses revealed discrete oncohistone molecular classes that promote proliferation, block lineage-specific differentiation, and physically remodel the chromatin landscape by altering specific histone modifications and reducing nucleosome stability. Structural mapping and computational modeling studies uncovered that functionally convergent mutations are clustered at key nucleosome interfaces, particularly H2B-H4, and that chromatin accessibility-promoting mutations are linked to mono-nucleosome destabilization. Leveraging this multiomic resource, we discovered that the H3.3-Q5H mutant histone is a bona fide human oncohistone that accelerates lung adenocarcinoma growth in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that H3.3-Q5H expression leads to suppression of promoter-associated H3K4me3 and expansion of repressive H3K27me3 domains, resulting in increased KRAS signaling and gene expression programs associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Together, this work provides a multiomic functional atlas of cancer-associated histone mutations, identifies structural and mechanistic principles governing chromatin reprogramming by oncohistones, and establishes CHANCLA as a modular platform for systematic discovery of mechanisms and vulnerabilities associated with these genetic lesions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Ye, Z., Khademi, A., Barbosa, R. L., Birnbaum, F., Brown, M. R., Fowler, C. E., Arroyo-Ortega, A., Lee, D., Feng, L., Gates, L. A., Patriotis, A. L., Keating, A. E., Sanchez-Rivera, F. J., Soto-Feliciano, Y. M. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.14.718582</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiomic screening platform uncovers the impact of histone mutations on chromatin and cell fate]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.14.718544v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metabolic Salvage and Acyl-chain Remodeling Support Glycosphingolipid Synthesis with the PDAC Tumor Microenvironment 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.14.718544v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal malignancy where metabolic homeostasis is maintained by tumor and stromal cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). To better assess pathways supporting macromolecule biosynthesis in PDAC tumors, we apply 13C metabolic flux analysis (MFA) to slice cultures of treatment-naive human tumors and mouse models that retain the native TME. Glycans, lipid headgroups, and very long-chain fatty acids are the most dynamic metabolic pools, while long chain fatty acids, purines, and pyrimidines are predominantly salvaged locally in situ. We use targeted pharmacological modulators to highlight the importance of recycling pathways and metabolic redundancies which mitigate changes in lipid abundances. Finally, we leverage targeted lipid fluxomics and the distinct ganglioside and globoside profiles of tumor and stromal cells, respectively, to demonstrate the role of the lipid kinase PIKfyve in supporting ganglioside homeostasis via sialic acid and ceramide salvage. These data establish application of MFA to slice cultures of PDAC tumors as an effective approach for assessing metabolic mechanisms and therapeutic responses within an intact TME.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Trimble, A. S., Kubota, C. S., Zhao, E., Ruchhoeft, M. L., Weitz, J. R., Jung, W., Peck, K. L., Ogawa, S., Ashley, E. L., Tiriac, H., Oh, T. G., Lowy, A. M., Engle, D. D., Metallo, C. M. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.14.718544</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metabolic Salvage and Acyl-chain Remodeling Support Glycosphingolipid Synthesis with the PDAC Tumor Microenvironment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.14.718570v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modeling VEGF and GLUT1 Expression as Coadapted Foraging Strategies in Cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.14.718570v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Natural selection acting on cancer cells within their tumor microenvironment should favor cells with fast or efficient nutrient uptake strategies. Here, we develop and analyze a game-theoretic model focusing on the coadaptation between two foraging traits: vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1). Studies show that VEGF and GLUT1 are often co-expressed and are associated with more aggressive tumor phenotypes and poor clinical prognosis. VEGF is a diffusible paracrine factor that recruits blood vessels towards neighborhoods of cancer cells (angiogenesis). GLUT1 is a cell-surface transporter that enables the uptake of nutrients, especially glucose. We model these strategies operating at different scales: VEGF influences resource availability at the neighborhood level, while GLUT1 determines resource uptake at the cellular level. For VEGF, we introduce a resource-sharing continuum. With no resource sharing, cells access resources in proportion to their VEGF contribution. With uniform sharing, cells have equal access to resources, regardless of their VEGF contribution. The former leads to a tragedy of the commons and overproduction of VEGF. The latter yields a public goods game with moderate VEGF expression matching a group optimum. GLUT1 expression mediates uptake of resources recruited by VEGF and is largely independent of the degree of resource sharing. Therapeutically, both VEGF and GLUT1 inhibitors are more effective in high resource-sharing neighborhoods and less so as resource sharing declines. Overall, inhibition of GLUT1 mediated uptake emerges as more effective. The model, perhaps the first to consider VEGF and GLUT1 as coadaptations, emphasizes the need to consider cancer cell traits jointly.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Bhattacharya, R., Gatenby, R. A., Brown, J. S. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.14.718570</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modeling VEGF and GLUT1 Expression as Coadapted Foraging Strategies in Cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.14.718346v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stem Cell Divisions, Driver Mutations, and Carcinogenesis in Purebred Dogs 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.14.718346v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most cancers are initiated by mutations that inactivate tumour-suppressor genes or activate oncogenes. Fitting a multistage model of carcinogenesis to the increase in cancer mortality with breed-specific size and lifespan in dogs has predicted that four somatic driver mutations are typically required to initiate cancer. This result is reconsidered here because it depends on the relationship between the number of at-risk cells and breed weight. Using a power function for this relationship results in higher quality models that support single driver mutations activating oncogenes. In addition, parameter estimates suggest that somatic mutation rates increase with weight, likely because of reduced investment in somatic maintenance. Regression of cancer mortality on body weight and lifespan shows that 56% of cancers in dogs are the result of mutations arising from somatic cell division, compared to 66% in humans. A further 7% of cancers may be due to inherited recessive mutations deactivating tumour suppressor genes, as indicated by the relationship between cancer mortality and breed germline homozygosity. Some of the remaining unexplained variation in cancer mortality may be explained by germline mutations underlying breed predispositions to specific cancers. Contrasting results with humans provide novel insights into the dynamics of carcinogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ da Silva, J. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.14.718346</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stem Cell Divisions, Driver Mutations, and Carcinogenesis in Purebred Dogs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.14.718262v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Disruption of PI3K/OxPhos Coupling by Trehalose Drives a BCAA to Lipid Metabolic Switch in Hormone Receptor Positive Breast Cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.14.718262v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cancer cells sustain proliferation through dynamic coordination between mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) and anabolic carbon metabolism. How this metabolic coupling can be selectively destabilized in subtype-specific contexts remains poorly defined. Here we identify trehalose, a disaccharide previously linked to autophagy modulation, as a regulator of mitochondrial anabolic integration in breast cancer. Using high-resolution respirometry, untargeted metabolomics, and signalling analyses across estrogen/progesterone receptor positive and triple negative breast cancer models, we show that trehalose preferentially impairs mitochondrial bioenergetics in OxPhos-dependent ER positive cells. Trehalose reduced electron transport system capacity, NADH linked respiration, mitochondrial membrane potential, and coupling efficiency, while suppressing mitochondrial biogenesis markers. These bioenergetic effects coincided with attenuation of PI3K/Akt signalling and induction of p21-associated growth arrest. Metabolomic profiling revealed a coordinated redistribution of carbon flux characterized by depletion of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and glycolytic intermediates alongside accumulation of long-chain fatty acids and cholesterol. Correlation network analysis uncovered a strong inverse relationship between BCAA linked metabolism and lipid abundance, indicating a regulated metabolic trade-off rather than nonspecific stress. Functionally, trehalose enhanced the efficacy of mitochondrial interfering agents such as tamoxifen and colchicine, while exerting minimal effects in metabolically flexible TNBC cells. Together, these findings define trehalose as a metabolic modulator that constrains mitochondrial plasticity and enforces a lipid-buffered, growth-restrictive state in ER positive breast cancer, revealing a therapeutic vulnerability linked to mitochondrial dependency.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Singh, T., Kaur, P., Munshi, A., Singh, S. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.14.718262</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Disruption of PI3K/OxPhos Coupling by Trehalose Drives a BCAA to Lipid Metabolic Switch in Hormone Receptor Positive Breast Cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.13.717813v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 as a Master Regulator of Gastric Cancer-Associated Cachexia 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.13.717813v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cachexia is a devastating and multifactorial syndrome characterized by progressive loss of body weight, skeletal muscle wasting, and systemic inflammation, frequently observed in patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC) with peritoneal dissemination. Despite its clinical significance, the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer-associated cachexia remain poorly understood. In this study, comparative transcriptomic analysis using the GEMINI database identified ATP as a novel candidate cachexia-inducing factor, along with the known cachexia mediators, growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15). Functional studies demonstrated that BMP7 acts as an upstream regulator that drives cachectic phenotypes by inducing the expression of GDF11 and GDF15. Knockdown of BMP7, GDF11, or GDF15 in the cachexia-inducing GC cell line, MKN45 significantly attenuated weight loss and muscle wasting in vivo. Conversely, overexpression of BMP7 in the non-cachectic GC cell line, NUGC3 induced cachexia and upregulated GDF11 and GDF15 in tumor tissues. Furthermore, clinical analysis revealed that high BMP7 expression in tumor specimens from patients with advanced GC was associated with significantly poorer overall survival. These findings identify BMP7 as a master regulator of cancer-associated cachexia through the induction of GDF11 and GDF15 and suggest its potential as a promising therapeutic target for mitigating cachexia in GC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Yasuda-Koiwa, M., Shoda, T., Nishimura, A., Yasuda, T., Yonemura, A., Muraki, K., Okamoto, Y., Tajiri, T., Wang, Y. A., Ishimoto, T. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.13.717813</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 as a Master Regulator of Gastric Cancer-Associated Cachexia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.13.717771v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multimodal immunopharmacologic screens identify drugs rewiring the cancer-immune interface 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.13.717771v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Natural killer (NK) cell-based therapies are a promising approach in cancer, but their efficacy is limited by impaired effector function and tumor-intrinsic resistance. To systematically identify therapeutic strategies that target both sides of the cancer-immune interface, we designed a multimodal immunopharmacologic screening platform comprising high-throughput co-culture drug screens, cytokine secretome profiling, single-cell perturbation screens, and genome-scale CRISPR screening, followed by validation in biobanked patient-derived models. Applying the platform across five blood cancer types, we identified protein kinase C (PKC) activation to simultaneously increase effector cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion through transcriptomic rewiring, and tumor susceptibility to NK cell killing through tumor-intrinsic PKC-{delta}. In patient samples, PKC activation sensitized NK-resistant leukemic progenitors to NK cell killing. In addition, NEDD8 inhibition enhanced NK function and shifted tumor TNF signaling towards pro-apoptotic pathways. Our platform provides a systematic approach to identify drugs rewiring both sides of the cancer-immune interface to circumvent tumor immune resistance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Bouhlal, J., Jokinen, E., Nygren, P., Dias, D., Ianevski, A., Klievink, J., Lähteenmäki, H., Decombis, S., Duan, H., Järvelä, E., Saarinen, E., Näätänen, A., Matjusinski, K., Kasanen, T., Hannunen, T., Turunen, L., Myllymäki, M., Laajala, E., Schenkwein, D., Ylä-Herttuala, S., Flagship, i., Lee, D. A., Korhonen, M., Göös, H., Aittokallio, T., Hollmen, M., Mitsiades, C., Gandolfi, S., Dufva, O., Mustjoki, S. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.13.717771</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multimodal immunopharmacologic screens identify drugs rewiring the cancer-immune interface]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.15.718686v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
KIF18A Maintains Kinetochore-Microtubule Attachments in CIN Cells by Limiting Microtubule Polymerization 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.15.718686v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromosomal instability (CIN) generates vulnerabilities that can be therapeutically exploited, including sensitivity to inhibition of the kinesin motor KIF18A. However, the mechanistic basis for why a subset of CIN tumor cells depend on KIF18A remains unclear. Here, we compare mitotic phenotypes across KIF18A sensitive and insensitive cell models. In sensitive CIN cells, KIF18A inhibition leads to formation of polar chromosomes with unattached kinetochores, recruitment of spindle assembly checkpoint proteins, and prolonged mitotic arrest. Although KIF18A loss reduces kinetochore-microtubule stability in all cell lines, sensitive cells exhibit lower baseline attachment stability and heightened microtubule polymerization rates, predisposing them to attachment failure. Acute KIF18A inhibition disrupts maintenance of attachments after metaphase alignment, while reducing microtubule polymerization suppresses mitotic defects. These findings support a model in which CIN tumor cells rely on KIF18A to restrain excessive microtubule dynamics and maintain attachment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Fonseca, C., Fisher, K., Wagner, E., Paschall, S.-C., Kim, H., Stumpff, J. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.15.718686</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[KIF18A Maintains Kinetochore-Microtubule Attachments in CIN Cells by Limiting Microtubule Polymerization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.14.717102v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pan-cancer circular genomics identifies intratumoral Staphylococcus lugdunensis as a metabolic driver in bladder cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.14.717102v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intratumoral microbiota play key roles in cancer but are challenging to profile due to low biomass. We developed CIRCMIP, an enzymatic pipeline that eliminates linear DNA to enrich bacterial genomes, achieving 100-fold higher sensitivity than standard metagenomics. Applied to 312 pan-cancer specimens, CIRCMIP identified Staphylococcus lugdunensis as a signature bacterium enriched in early-stage bladder cancer (BLCA), where its presence predicts poor survival. Integrated modeling and lipidomics revealed that Staphylococcus lugdunensis colonization drives aberrant lipid metabolism with secretion of LPC14:0. Both Staphylococcus lugdunensis and LPC14:0 drive BLCA progression by promoting fatty acid uptake and {beta}-oxidation. Mechanistically, chemical proteomics revealed LPC14:0 as a direct PPAR{delta} ligand, binding via hydrogen bonds with Thr292/Thr289. This activation upregulates fatty acid transporters (CD36, FABP4) and metabolic enzymes (ACOX2), fueling malignant proliferation. Furthermore, CIRCMIP-derived biomarkers show robust diagnostic accuracy, establishing a new research paradigm and revealing the Staphylococcus lugdunensis-LPC14:0-PPAR{delta} axis as a therapeutic target in bladder cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Wang, T., Zhao, M., Li, C., Bai, Z., Zhang, F., Zhao, H., Lv, W., Lin, C., Kong, D., Zhao, X., Wang, P., Mao, F. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.14.717102</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pan-cancer circular genomics identifies intratumoral Staphylococcus lugdunensis as a metabolic driver in bladder cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.14.718366v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SImBA-SiQuAl: a new tool enabling high-content high-throughput phenotypic profiling of 3D microtumours. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.14.718366v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Three-dimensional microtumour models such as spheroids are increasingly used in cancer research as they better capture tumour architecture, growth and invasion than conventional two-dimensional cultures. However, robust and accessible tools for quantitative analysis remain limited. Here we present SImBA-SiQuAl, an integrated open-source workflow for high-throughput quantitative phenotyping of 3D spheroids and organoids. The pipeline combines SImBA, an automated image-analysis framework for performant quality-controlled image segmentation and multi-feature extraction from spheroid assays, with SiQuAl, a downstream analysis platform that automatically performs comprehensive statistical and multivariate analyses to reveal phenotypic differences between experimental conditions. In a first case study, SImBA-SiQuAl resolves intrinsic invasion phenotypes between cancer cell lines. In a second case study, the workflow quantifies both uniform and heterogeneous responses in a spheroid drug screening assay. Together, SImBA-SiQuAl provides a new, timely tool for high-throughput, high-content microtumour phenomics in cancer research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Van De Vijver, E., Dewitte, K., Van Alboom, A., Christophe, A., Van Vlierberghe, H., Van Troys, M. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.14.718366</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SImBA-SiQuAl: a new tool enabling high-content high-throughput phenotypic profiling of 3D microtumours.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.13.718347v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adaptive Cancer Suppression among Tissues through Reduced Stem Cell Mutation Rates 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.13.718347v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Since most cancers are initiated by driver mutations arising in somatic cells, the risk of cancer should be explained by the probability of driver mutations as a function of the product of the number of stem cells and the stem cell division rate for a tissue. However, such models of driver-mutation initiated carcinogenesis fail to adequately predict cancer risk. It has been suggested that the missing component is greater adaptive cancer suppression in large tissues with high rates of stem cell division. This may manifest as either a greater number of driver mutations required to initiate cancer or a lower stem cell mutation rate. These hypotheses are tested here using nonlinear regression to fit models that incorporate variation in the number of driver mutations and the stem cell mutation rate to data on the tissue-specific cancer risk, number of stem cells, and stem cell division rate. The greatest concordance between predicted and observed cancer risks is obtained by single driver mutations across tissues and stem cell mutation rates that decline with increasing lifetime numbers of stem cell divisions. This provides evidence of adaptive cancer suppression among tissues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ da Silva, J. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.13.718347</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adaptive Cancer Suppression among Tissues through Reduced Stem Cell Mutation Rates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.13.718309v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metabolic maintenance of breast cancer cells and metastases throughE-cadherin/YAP-dependent pyruvate carboxylase expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.13.718309v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and glycolytic metabolism are well-characterized drivers of cancer progression and metastasis. However, most primary breast tumors and metastases express E-cadherin and the epithelial phenotype is associated with mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, yet the causality and relevance of these relationships and their underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Using a 3D culture model with mechano-stimulation, we found that E-cadherin promotes mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) while reducing oxidative stress. Through pharmacological and genetic manipulations of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) and/or triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines, we identified pyruvate carboxylase (PC) as an E-cadherin effector. Critically, restoring PC in E-cadherin-silenced cells rescued mitochondrial oxygen consumption and protection from oxidative stress. Co-expression of E-cadherin and PC was confirmed in breast cancer tissues and experimental lung metastases. Mechanistically, E-cadherin induced PC expression and OXPHOS via AKT-mediated activation of YAP/ /TEAD transcription factors, which are better known as supporting EMT. Clinically relevant AKT and TEAD inhibitors reduced both PC expression and oxidative respiration. Importantly, PC inhibition as monotherapy attenuated or reduced established experimental lung metastasis burden in mice. These findings reveal that E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesions directly support mitochondrial metabolism through AKT-YAP/TEAD-PC signaling, identifying a therapeutic vulnerability in metastatic epithelial TNBC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Balamurugan, K., Weiss, J. M., Sharan, S., McKennett, L., Donohue, D., McVicar, D. W., Sterneck, E. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.13.718309</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metabolic maintenance of breast cancer cells and metastases throughE-cadherin/YAP-dependent pyruvate carboxylase expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.13.718341v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regression-based Modeling of Spearman's Rho for Longitudinal Metabolomics and Mental Wellness in Breast Cancer Patients 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.13.718341v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chemotherapy in breast cancer (BC) can substantially affect mental wellness. Advances in metabolomics enable comprehensive profiling of metabolic changes over time during and after treatment, offering insights into biological mechanisms linking chemotherapy to mental health outcomes. To study the association between metabolite profiles and mental wellness, correlation-based analyses are particularly useful. Spearman's rho is a widely used correlation measure and popular alternative to Pearson's correlation, since it also applies to non-linear association between variables. However, existing methods are not designed for longitudinal data and do not allow for covariate adjustments. In this paper, we propose a novel regression-based framework grounded in a class of semiparametric models, the functional response models, to extend this popular correlation measure to longitudinal settings with missing data under the missing at random assumption. This framework facilitates inferences about temporal changes in correlations over time and association of explanatory variables for such changes. We use simulation studies to evaluate performance of the approach with moderate sample sizes. We apply the approach to a one-year longitudinal substudy of the EPIGEN study to examine the longitudinal association between metabolite profiles and mental wellness in BC patients undergoing chemotherapy. The identified metabolites may serve as candidates for future in-depth bioinformatics analyses and translational investigations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Chen, Y., Gui, T., Huang, Z., Quach, N., Tu, S., Liu, J., Garrett, T. J., Starkweather, A. R., Lyon, D. E., Shepherd, B. E., Tu, X. M., Lin, T. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.13.718341</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regression-based Modeling of Spearman's Rho for Longitudinal Metabolomics and Mental Wellness in Breast Cancer Patients]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.13.718275v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
WNT-driven chromosomal instability as a biomarker for PORCN inhibition 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.13.718275v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Targeting Porcupine (PORCN), a key regulator of the WNT-signalling pathway, has shown therapeutic potential in multiple cancers. Despite strong target engagement and acceptable safety profiles through human phase I clinical trials, low phase II efficacy has stalled further clinical development. Given that aberrant WNT signalling can drive tumorigenesis by inducing chromosomal instability (CIN), we hypothesised that genomic CIN signatures might serve as a predictive biomarker to help improve response rates. Using a controlled in vitro model and single-cell whole-genome sequencing, we demonstrate that acute WNT-activation directly induces three distinct types of CIN: whole genome duplication, replication stress, and impaired homologous recombination. We translated these observations into a composite CIN signature biomarker that significantly correlated with both genetic dependency and pharmacological inhibition of PORCN across 195 and 24 cell lines, respectively. Through a large-scale meta-analysis of patient-derived and cell line xenografts, we established that this composite CIN signature biomarker quantitatively predicts in vivo PORCN inhibitor sensitivity (R=-0.71, p<0.002). By applying an optimised biomarker threshold, refined through modelling of human patient data, to the The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset, we successfully retrospectively modelled previous trial results and identified gastroesophageal cancers as a high-prevalence (36.6%) indication for future development. We validated this strategy in a mouse clinical trial of gastric and esophageal xenografts, where biomarker-guided stratification achieved an objective response rate of 60% and significantly decreased risk of progression (HR=0.21, p=0.0345). These data establish an actionable, trail-ready framework for further PORCN inhibitor clinical development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Garcia-Lopez, D., Zoufir, A., Hernando, B., Santamaria, P. G., Cadiz, A., De Galard Terraube, H., Madrid, L., Cullen, A., Woodcock, S., PIskorz, A., Wallis, N., Walling, J., Brenton, J. D., Markowetz, F., Yip, J., Teles, J., Macintyre, G. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.13.718275</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[WNT-driven chromosomal instability as a biomarker for PORCN inhibition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.13.718280v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enforced ZFP281 expression delays breast cancer initiation and can provide lifelong protection against breast cancer metastasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.13.718280v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Breast cancer metastatic reactivation and its links to mammary development are largely unknown. Here, using conditional knockout and overexpression in normal and HER2+ mammary glands, we show that the dormancy regulator ZFP281 promotes branching and dissemination while suppressing growth, and its overexpression can even override HER2-driven cancer initiation. Notably, while ZFP281 does not limit HER2-driven early dissemination, it constrains DCC plasticity, confining cells to a dormant mesenchymal/hybrid-like state and effectively suppressing metastasis throughout the mouse lifespan. ZFP281 is induced by estrogen, progesterone, and glucocorticoid signaling, and RNA sequencing of early lesions revealed that it regulates glutathione metabolism and ferroptosis, potentially supporting fitness during dormancy, while repressing angiogenesis, Th17-like inflammation, innate immune genes, and pro-inflammatory programs that might otherwise trigger awakening. Integrating these findings with human data, we show that DCIS and IBC (invasive breast cancer) lesions that later relapse are selectively enriched for ZFP281-regulated M-like and dormancy signatures and, after pregnancy, depleted for a ZFP281-induced stress-autophagy module, indicating that erosion or imbalance of these programs marks lesions that seed DCCs with higher reactivation potential. We propose that ZFP281 acts as a hormone-regulated dormancy gatekeeper that uncouples dissemination from growth, enforcing a metabolically fit, angiogenesis-low, immune-evasive dormant state in breast DCCs, thereby shaping the timing of metastatic relapse and potentially exploitable for durable prevention of metastasis.

STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCEZFP281, a hormone-regulated dormancy gatekeeper, uncouples dissemination from growth and constrains DCCs into long-term arrest, defining human gene signatures that distinguish dormancy-prone from awakening-prone lesions and predict breast cancer relapse dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Singh, D. K., Zhou, H., Sherpa, N., Zheng, X. Y., Lomakin, A., Razghandi, P., Huang, X., Kadamb, R., Shukla, S., Valencia Salazar, L. E., Entenberg, D., Zheng, D., Curtis, C., Wang, J., Aguirre-Ghiso, J. A. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.13.718280</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enforced ZFP281 expression delays breast cancer initiation and can provide lifelong protection against breast cancer metastasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.14.718388v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Loss of Mast cells and histaminergic signaling link diet to platelet-mediated NETosis and mammary cancer recurrence 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.14.718388v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Breast cancer recurrence remains a clinical challenge. The period after the treatment of the primary tumor while cancer cells that evaded initial treatment lay dormant, provides a unique window of opportunity for interventions to prevent recurrence. Specific modifiable factors such as consumption of high fat diets or elevated circulating cholesterol are associated with decreased time to recurrence. Mechanistically, oxidized cholesterol and lipid species have been implicated in the regulation of the tumor microenvironment. This suggests that consumption of food prepared under oxidizing conditions such as pan-frying, may be an underappreciated risk. Using murine models of mammary cancer dormancy, we found that a diet enriched with fat from fried, cured bacon (cfBF) decreased dormancy latency times. Resulting lesions had fewer mast cells (MCs). Loss of MCs alone resulted in reemergence from dormancy. Elevated expression of a MC gene signature in breast tumors was associated with improved progression free and overall survival, highlighting the human relevance of these findings. MCs are a major source of tissue histamine, and lesions from mice fed cfBF had decreased concentrations. Importantly, antagonists of the histamine receptor 2 (H2R) sparked reemergence from dormancy. H2R antagonists are over-the-counter drugs are taken to alleviate gastroesophageal reflux disease. Chronic treatment of mice with H2R-antagonists sensitized platelets towards activation and crosstalk with neutrophils, and subsequent formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The loss of platelet or NETosis activity mitigated the H2R-antagonist stimulated reemergence from dormancy. Therefore, we establish a novel metastatic axis which links diet to recurrence via MCs, histaminergic signaling and NETosis: Diet -- MC -- H2R -- (decreased) Platelet Activity -- (decreased) Neutrophil-NETosis -- (decreased) Reemergence from Dormancy. Our data reveal several potential intervention strategies: lifestyle, MC stabilization, histaminergic signaling, and neutrophil and platelet activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Schane, C. P., Nelczyk, A. T., Chen, C., Seo, J., Wang, Y., Krawczynska, N. J., Bendre, S. V., Weisser, E., Pradeep, D., Vidana Gamage, H. E., Kockaya, L., Fei, Y., Das Gupta, A., Kim, H., Henn Bungert, M., Tejeda, R. I., Wang, M., Zhao, J., Chittiboyina, A. G., Khan, I. A., Drnevich, J., Kadiri, M., McHenry, M. T., Chen, J. J., Ma, L., He, S., Hsiao, S.-H., Fan, T. M., Wendt, M., Madak-Erdogan, Z., Engeseth, N., Helferich, W. G., Nelson, E. R. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.14.718388</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Loss of Mast cells and histaminergic signaling link diet to platelet-mediated NETosis and mammary cancer recurrence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.12.718039v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Specific Aneuploidies Predict Immune Evasion and Poor Immunotherapy Response in Melanoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.12.718039v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Melanoma is one of the leading cancer types treated with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), yet a substantial proportion of patients fail to respond. While tumor mutational burden and PD-L1 expression are established ICB biomarkers, they leave large gaps in predictive accuracy. Somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) are pervasive in melanoma but their role in shaping the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) and predicting immunotherapy outcomes has been insufficiently characterized.

Here we present KaryoTME, an integrated computational framework that systematically links SCNAs to immune phenotypes using genomic, transcriptomic, and clinical data from over 15,000 patients. Applying this framework to skin melanoma (SKCM) within a pan-cancer context, we identify arm-level chromosome 1q gain and 9p loss as the most prominent SCNA events associated with an immune-cold tumor microenvironment. These alterations act through distinct mechanisms: 9p loss preferentially depletes NK and CD8+ T cells, whereas 1q gain is more strongly associated with reduced anti-tumor immune cell infiltration. At the focal level, regions 1q21 and 1q42 show the strongest immune-suppressive associations in melanoma.

Applying the TUSON-Immune algorithm, we predict candidate Tumor immune Suppressor Genes (TiSG) and immune Oncogenes (iOG) within these chromosomal regions, revealing enrichment for pathways including IFN signaling, JAK/STAT pathway, and immune-suppressive cytokine secretion.

Critically, 1q gain emerged as a strong and independent predictor of poor survival following anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy across two independent clinical cohorts: the MSK-IMPACT cohort (p = 0.018, N = 77) and a large real-world Caris Life Sciences dataset (HR = 1.2, p = 0.002, N = 1,167). Multivariate analysis confirmed that 1q gain predicts poor outcomes independently of CD8+ T-cell infiltration, B-cell infiltration, tumor mutational burden, and PD-L1 status. These findings establish chromosome 1q gain as a compelling biomarker of immunotherapy resistance in melanoma and highlight aneuploidies as underappreciated drivers of immune evasion in this disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Davoli, T., Katsnelson, L., Chen, S., Rangel-Valenzuela, M., Zhao, A., Xiu, J., Fenyo, D., Bianchi, J. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.12.718039</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Specific Aneuploidies Predict Immune Evasion and Poor Immunotherapy Response in Melanoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.13.717530v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mutant KRAS promotes NF-kB driven CCL20 chemokine expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.13.717530v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The chemokine CCL20 is implicated in inflammation and cancer but has proven challenging to target therapeutically. In this study, we precisely define what cells produce CCL20 in pancreatic inflammation and cancer. Through analysis of single cell RNA data, mutation and copy number signatures, gene methylation, and in vitro studies, we show that CCL20 and other NF-{kappa}B driven chemokine production is largely dependent on oncogenic KRAS in the malignant pancreas. Blockade of CCL20-CCR6 signaling in vivo using a novel partial agonist inhibitor, CCL20LD, increased recruitment of antigen presenting cells without significantly impinging tumor growth. Lastly, resistance to pan-RAS or allele-specific KRAS inhibitors decreased CCL20-dependent immune recruitment in culture. These results suggest that oncogenic KRAS activates NF-{kappa}B signaling in human pancreas cancer, resulting in pharmacologically reversible changes to chemokine production that may participate in immune suppression or immune evasion within the pancreas cancer microenvironment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Drouillard, D., Davies, M., McAllister, D., Dwinell, M. B. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.13.717530</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mutant KRAS promotes NF-kB driven CCL20 chemokine expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.14.717586v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enzyme activity as an actionable axis for small-molecule precision oncology 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.14.717586v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Current precision oncology--molecular targeted therapies and immunotherapies--relies on genomic or expressed biomarkers, yet most cancer patients remain ineligible for these treatments. Here, we establish enzyme activity as an actionable and orthogonal axis for precision cancer medicine. Strategic activity-based screening of mouse organs and human clinical specimens with a panel of enzyme-reactive fluorescence probes identified {beta}-galactosidase 1 (GLB1) and {beta}-hexosaminidases (HEX) as broadly elevated tumor-selective biomarkers. Leveraging these activities, we developed 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN38)-based GLB1-and HEX-reactive prodrugs. These prodrugs exhibited dramatically reduced systemic toxicities and improved therapeutic windows, compared to a clinically used SN38-based prodrug, irinotecan (CPT-11). Both prodrugs demonstrated activity-dependent therapeutic efficacy, affording a dramatic reduction of tumor volumes across multiple in vivo models, including a subcutaneous patient-derived xenograft (PDX) of lung squamous cell carcinoma that lacked genetic alterations targeted by current precision medicine. Furthermore, this strategy is broadly applicable across various cytotoxic payloads, establishing a generalizable platform for small-molecule precision medicines. Our results define an enzyme-targeting paradigm for precision oncology, in which fluorescence probes serve as companion diagnostic tools to guide development and selection of appropriately targeted prodrugs, which are expected to provide safer and more efficacious treatment options for cancer patients with elevated enzyme activities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Fujita, K., Kamiya, M., Dan, S., Tachibana, R., Kawatani, M., Kojima, R., Hino, R., Kobayashi, K., Inoue, S., Tani, M., Hirata, Y., Kawashima, S., Yamazaki, K., Nishimura, Y., Ohashi, Y., Isoyama, S., Nakada, A., Matsumoto, N., Ikegaya, Y., Nakajima, J., Urano, Y. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.14.717586</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enzyme activity as an actionable axis for small-molecule precision oncology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.13.718176v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DLG2-DLG4 expression in lower-grade glioma is associated with improved survival and an excitatory synaptic transmission and plasticity gene signature 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.13.718176v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Increasing evidence indicates that gliomas co-opt mechanisms of excitatory synaptic transmission and plasticity to support tumor progression, yet these processes remain poorly characterized in lower-grade gliomas (LGGs). Here, we investigated whether genes associated with excitatory synaptic function are linked to patient prognosis in LGG. A curated panel of 36 synaptic genes was analyzed using RNA-sequencing and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CCGA) datasets. Among these, DLG2, DLG3, and DLG4, which encode the postsynaptic scaffolding proteins PSD-93, SAP-102, and PSD-95, respectively, showed the strongest associations with overall survival. Higher expression of each gene was consistently associated with longer survival acorss both datasets. Expression of DLG2-DLG4 was higher in oligodendroglioma and IDH-mutant, 1p/19q co-deleted tumors, and lower in astrocytoma and IDH-wild-type tumors. Furthermore, expression of all three genes positively correlated with a broad gene signature related to excitatory synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity, including multiple componentes of glutamatergic signaling and postsynaptic organization. These findings suggest that elevated expression of DLG2-DLG4 is associated with a transcriptional program resembling differentiated neuronal-like features and favorable clinical ouctcome in LGG.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Gaia, F., Dal-Pizzol, H. R., Malafaia, O., Roesler, R., Isolan, G. R. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.13.718176</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DLG2-DLG4 expression in lower-grade glioma is associated with improved survival and an excitatory synaptic transmission and plasticity gene signature]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.12.718050v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Benchmarking scRNA-seq Copy Number Inference: A Comprehensive Evaluation and Practitioner Guide 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.12.718050v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurately inferring copy number variation (CNV) from scRNA-seq data is critical for identifying malignant cells, reconstructing tumor subclonal architecture, and uncovering the genomic drivers that dictate cancer cell biology. However, the performance of existing tools varies significantly, and current benchmarks lack the breadth of datasets and methods necessary to provide definitive guidance. We present a comprehensive benchmark of 12 CNV inference methods across 28 real datasets (>100,000 cells) and diverse synthetic datasets. By evaluating methods based on malignant cell classification accuracy, CNV inference accuracy, scalability, and robustness, we establish a definitive practitioners guideline: allele-aware methods like Numbat excel when high-quality allelic inference can be achieved, whereas expression-centric tools such as Clonalscope, CopyKAT, inferCNV, and SCEVAN remain reliable when raw sequencing data are unavailable. Our study provides both a practical decision-making framework for researchers and a public repository of standardized CNV profiles to catalyze further methodological innovation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Chang, H.-C., Shi, Y., Cheng, H., Zou, J., Chang, A. C.-C., Schlegel, B. T., Wang, W., Brown, D. D., Chen, F., Wang, S., Li, D., Sai, R., Michel, N., Oesterreich, S., Lee, A. V., Tseng, G. C. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.12.718050</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Benchmarking scRNA-seq Copy Number Inference: A Comprehensive Evaluation and Practitioner Guide]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.13.718209v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sacituzumab Govitecan as an Effective Strategy for Sensitizing Chemoresistant HNSCC Cells to Senolytic Intervention 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.13.718209v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is currently the sixth most prevalent cancer worldwide and is marked by a high tumor relapse frequency due to acquired chemoresistance, requiring alternative strategies to sensitize resistant tumor cell populations to treatment. Sacituzumab govitecan (SG), a TROP2-targeting antibody-drug conjugate, has been successful in limiting tumor progression in pretreated patients with triple-negative and hormone-receptor positive HER2-negative breast cancer. However, it has been ineffective as a monotherapy in HNSCC. This may be attributed to the promotion of senescence that could ultimately lead to tumor relapse. Senolytics, drugs inducing cell death in senescent cell populations, have been effective in sensitizing a variety of solid tumor types to standard of care chemotherapies in preclinical studies. Consequently, we investigated the effectiveness of SG treatment followed by the senolytic, ABT-263, as a "two-hit" therapeutic strategy against cisplatin-resistant HNSCC. We established that isogenic cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant HNSCC cells express high levels of TROP2 and undergo senescence following SG treatment, and found that TROP2 expression and the SN-38 SG warhead are necessary for SG to induce senescence. SG treatment supplemented with a panel of BCL-2 family targeting senolytics revealed that both cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant senescent HNSCC cells are sensitive to BCL-XL specific inhibitors, such as ABT-263. Furthermore, we determined that ABT-263 sensitized HNSCC cells to apoptosis via a BAK and BAX-dependent mechanism. In vivo studies confirmed that SG treatment followed by ABT-263 limited tumor progression and extended survival without notable toxicity. Thus, SG in combination with senolytic treatment may be an effective strategy for suppressing the growth of cisplatin-resistant HNSCC cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Luffman, N., Hu, B., Koblinski, J., Gewirtz, D., Harada, H. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.13.718209</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sacituzumab Govitecan as an Effective Strategy for Sensitizing Chemoresistant HNSCC Cells to Senolytic Intervention]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.12.718027v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Progastrin activates colonic fibroblasts and induces a paracrine pro-migratory program in colorectal cancer cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.12.718027v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PurposeProgastrin, aberrantly expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC), is an established trophic factor for tumour epithelial cells. Whether it also promotes CRC progression by reprogramming stromal fibroblasts remains unclear. We investigated progastrin-induced colonic fibroblast activation and its functional consequences on CRC cell migration.

MethodsFibroblast activation was assessed in the colonic mucosa of hGAS mice and in the human normal colonic fibroblast line CCD18Co exposed to synthetic progastrin. The impact of tumour-derived progastrin on epithelial cell motility was analysed using HCT116 cells expressing a control shRNA (shLuc) or a progastrin-targeting shRNA (shPG) in transwell migration assays performed with or without fibroblasts. Candidate paracrine mediators were evaluated by RT-qPCR, ELISA and neutralization experiments, and signalling was interrogated using the PI3K inhibitor LY294002.

ResultsColonic fibroblasts from hGAS mice displayed stromal FAP and SMA expression, indicating fibroblast activation in vivo. In CCD18Co cells, progastrin increased FAP and SMA protein levels. Fibroblasts enhanced HCT116 cell migration. This effect was stronger when tumour cells expressed progastrin or when fibroblasts were preconditioned by progastrin-producing HCT116 cells. Progastrin induced CXCL12/SDF-1 and CXCL8/IL-8 expression and secretion by fibroblasts, and neutralization of either chemokine abrogated the additional migratory effect conferred by progastrin-activated fibroblasts. Progastrin triggered sustained Akt phosphorylation in fibroblasts, while PI3K inhibition suppressed CXCL12 and CXCL8 secretion and abolished fibroblast-dependent tumour cell migration.

ConclusionThese data identify a stromal dimension of progastrin signalling in CRC and support a model in which tumour-derived progastrin activates colonic fibroblasts and elicits a PI3K/Akt-dependent paracrine programme that enhances CRC cell migration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Fenie, N., WANG, T. C., roche, s., FERRAND, A. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.12.718027</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Progastrin activates colonic fibroblasts and induces a paracrine pro-migratory program in colorectal cancer cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.12.717994v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tetrahydrocurcumin Suppresses Bladder Carcinogenesis via Reprogramming O-GlcNAcylation-Phosphorylation Crosstalk 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.12.717994v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bladder cancer exhibits high recurrence rates and limited therapeutic options in advanced stages. Although post-translational modifications (PTMs) are critical regulators of tumor biology, their systems-level remodeling during bladder carcinogenesis remains insufficiently defined. Using a BBN-induced murine bladder cancer model combined with tumor-derived organoids and bladder cancer cell lines, we observed a consistent global elevation of protein O-GlcNAcylation across tumor-associated contexts. Site-resolved quantitative proteomics revealed that this increase reflected selective redistribution rather than uniform accumulation, with differential O-GlcNAc sites nearly evenly divided between up-and down-regulated events. Integrated analyses demonstrated preferential enrichment of up-regulated O-GlcNAcylation within cytoskeleton-adhesion modules and Notch-related domains, whereas down-regulated events were more closely associated with structural maintenance and homeostatic programs. Approximately half of differentially O-GlcNAcylated proteins exhibited concurrent phosphorylation changes, indicating coordinated multi-layer PTM remodeling. Pharmacological inhibition of O-GlcNAc transferase suppressed bladder cancer cell proliferation and organoid growth, supporting a functional association between elevated O-GlcNAcylation and tumor growth. Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) reduced global O-GlcNAcylation and induced directional remodeling of BBN-associated O-GlcNAc patterns. Cross-comparative analyses identified subsets of sites exhibiting opposite regulation trends following THC intervention. Collectively, these findings define a spatially and functionally organized PTM remodeling landscape in bladder cancer and suggest that THC exerts anti-tumor effects in part through coordinated reprogramming of O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation networks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Yang, M., Li, R., Zhou, M., Dong, Y., Zhao, J., Tan, R. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.12.717994</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tetrahydrocurcumin Suppresses Bladder Carcinogenesis via Reprogramming O-GlcNAcylation-Phosphorylation Crosstalk]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.12.717781v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell fusion reprograms tumor cells and promotes RUNX1-mediated invasion and dissemination in colorectal cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.12.717781v1?rss=1
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metastasis remains the primary cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality, despite significant advances in targeted therapies. Although metastatic dissemination requires tumor cells to escape the primary lesion and colonize distant organs, the mechanisms by which primary tumor cells gain metastatic competence remain poorly understood. Increasing evidence demonstrates that fusion of tumor (i.e., neoplastic) and immune (e.g., macrophages) cells generate a distinct population of tumor-immune hybrid cells with enhanced functional ability to migrate and disseminate into peripheral blood. Herein, our study investigates tumor-macrophage hybrid cells, an underexplored population of disseminated tumor cells, and their inherent heterogeneity and acquisition of molecular mechanisms underlying their dissemination as metastatic effectors in colorectal cancer (CRC). Through hybrid cell phenotyping utilizing integrative single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), cyclic immunofluorescence (cyCIF) and functional assays with an in vitro model of CRC hybrid cells, we identify Runt-related transcription factor 1 (Runx1) as a central regulator of hybrid cell motility and invasion. Runx1 depletion in hybrid cells suppressed functional protease expression, chemotactic activity and extracellular matrix (ECM) invasion. Furthermore, pharmacologic inhibition of RUNX1 in an in vivo model reduced hybrid tumor growth and dissemination into peripheral blood, key attributes of metastatic spread of disease. In patients with CRC, RUNX1+ hybrid cells were identified in both primary tumor and peripheral blood, where circulating hybrid cells (CHCs) exhibited enriched migratory and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotypes. Taken together, these findings reveal a mechanistic role for RUNX1 in driving invasive behavior of tumor-immune hybrids and highlight disseminated CHCs as an under-recognized contributor to metastatic spread and a promising noninvasive biomarker for tumor progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Anderson, A. N., Queitsch, K., Giske, N. R., Jones, J. A., Pang, A., Zucker, A., Huang, G., Rounds, C. C., Smith, B. J., Swain, J. R., Moore, A. G., Ravi, D., Monarrez, I. D., Govindarajan, S., Greer, W. S., Tran, P. H., Tao, K., Bertassoni, L. E., Tsikitis, V. L., Brinkerhoff, B., Lopez, C. D., Franca, C. M., Fischer, J. M., Wu, G., Chang, Y. H., Adey, A. C., Gibbs, S. L., Wong, M. H. ]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.12.717781</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell fusion reprograms tumor cells and promotes RUNX1-mediated invasion and dissemination in colorectal cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
</rdf:RDF>
